UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 6-K
Report of Foreign Private Issuer Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16
Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the month of March 2023. | Commission File Number: 1-14678 |
CANADIAN IMPERIAL BANK OF COMMERCE
(Translation of registrants name into English)
CIBC Square, 81 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5J 0E7
(Address of principal executive office)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F:
Form 20-F ☐ Form 40-F ☑
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1):
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7):
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g 3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:
Yes ☐ No ☑
If Yes is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b):
The information contained in this Form 6-K is incorporated by reference into the Registration Statements on Form S-8 File nos. 333-09874, 333-130283 and 333-218913 and Form F-3 File nos. 333-219550, 333-220284, 333-257113 and 333-259240.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
CANADIAN IMPERIAL BANK OF COMMERCE | ||||||
Date: March 2, 2023 | By: | /s/ Michelle Caturay | ||||
Name: | Michelle Caturay | |||||
Title: | Senior Vice-President, Associate General Counsel, Corporate Secretary and Chief Privacy Officer |
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit |
Description of Exhibit | |
99.1 | Management Proxy Circular (including Notice of Meeting) | |
99.2 | Annual Report | |
99.3 | Notice-and-Access Notice | |
99.4 | Proxy Form | |
99.5 | News Release - CIBCs 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders - Meeting Materials Now Available |
Exhibit 99.1
Management Proxy Circular
Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders April 4, 2023
Your participation is important. Please read this document and vote.
Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders
When: | Tuesday, April 4, 2023, 1:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) | |
Where: | By live webcast at https://cibcvirtual.com/agm2023
Enter password: cibc2023 (case sensitive)
In person at CIBC Square Auditorium, 81 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario |
You may also listen to our meeting by phone at 416 641-6150 (local) or 1 866 696-5894 (toll free in Canada and the United States), passcode 2296336# (English) or 416 406-0743 (local) or 1 866 696-5910 (toll free in Canada and the United States), passcode 6552323# (French).
At the meeting you will be asked to:
1. | receive our financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022 and the auditors report on the statements; |
2. | elect directors; |
3. | appoint auditors; |
4. | vote on an advisory resolution regarding our executive compensation approach; |
5. | vote on shareholder proposals; and |
6. | consider any other business properly brought before the meeting. |
Voting instructions start on page 3 of our 2023 Management Proxy Circular (the Circular). Please read our Circular carefully.
Eligibility to vote
There were 911,645,446 common shares outstanding on February 6, 2023, our record date. Holders of common shares on that date are eligible to vote at our meeting (subject to Bank Act (Canada) restrictions).
Your vote is important
Please read the Circular and vote before the meeting. For more information on how you can vote or appoint someone else to vote for you, see Voting starting on page 3 of the Circular. Please vote as early as possible so that your shares are represented at the meeting. TSX Trust Company (TSX Trust) must receive your vote no later than 1:00 p.m. (EDT) on April 3, 2023.
You may also vote online or in person at the meeting, provided you follow certain steps. These steps are set out on pages 3 to 7 of the Circular.
Questions
If you have questions about notice-and-access or accessing our meeting online, you may contact TSX Trust at 1 800 258-0499 (toll free in Canada and the United States) or 416 682-3860 (other countries).
Our Board and management would like to answer as many shareholder questions as possible during the meeting. Please send your questions in advance to the Corporate Secretary at corporate.secretary@cibc.com or to CIBC Corporate Secretarys Division, 81 Bay Street, CIBC Square, 20th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5J 0E7.
By Order of the Board
Michelle Caturay
Senior Vice-President, Associate General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
February 16, 2023
Dear fellow shareholder,
We are pleased to invite you to attend CIBCs Annual Meeting of Shareholders on Tuesday, April 4, 2023, at 1:00 p.m. (EDT). Please see our Circular for information on how to participate in our meeting, the business to be conducted at the meeting, our executive compensation approach and our governance practices. Information about our meeting is also available on our Annual Meeting webpage on our Investor Relations website at www.cibc.com. You have the opportunity to vote, and your vote matters.
In 2022, our modern, relationship-oriented bank continued to focus on delivering superior client experience and top-tier shareholder returns while maintaining our financial strength, risk discipline and advancing our purpose-driven culture. Right across our team, were dedicated to our purpose to help make your ambition a reality.
The execution of our client-focused strategy enabled us to continue driving long-term growth and build on our momentum as we focused on three strategic priorities:
1. | Further growing our market share of high-growth, high-touch client segments; |
2. | Elevating the CIBC banking experience for our clients through investments in digitization and technology, and further increasing connectivity across our businesses; and |
3. | Investing in our future differentiator businesses that are positioned to win in faster growing markets. |
Through a focus on our clients, we delivered a solid financial performance in 2022 in a more challenging economic environment, and positioned our bank for sustainable outperformance over the long term.
We delivered for all of our stakeholders in 2022. For our team, we further invested in a culture where team members can achieve their ambitions, including announcing a minimum entry level wage of $20.00 per hour in Canada and the US, and a commitment to increase this to $25.00 per hour by 2025. This is in addition to ongoing investments in talent development opportunities.
Our support for our communities was unwavering in 2022. The Canadian Cancer Society CIBC Run for the Cure raised $13 million dollars to fund cancer research and support those affected by this disease, and CIBC Miracle Day raised approximately $7 million(1) for childrens charities globally. The CIBC Foundation was launched and also announced a number of initiatives to enable a more inclusive economy and provide access to opportunities, including a partnership with Microsoft Canada to close the digital skills gap through education and employment opportunities in communities across Canada.
And we continued to make progress in accelerating climate action. We were once again a leader in financing for the renewables industry, ranking #6 in financing for the renewable energy industry across North America(2). Our bank also announced 2030 financed emissions targets for our oil and gas and power generation portfolios and we continue to work closely with our clients to help them achieve their sustainability ambitions.
The strength and capabilities of our team have enabled our progress and steady momentum through the year thanks to their commitment to bringing our purpose to life every day as we help make ambitions real.
At our meeting, you will hear more about CIBCs 2022 performance and progress on our strategy.
We thank you for your continued support of CIBC and look forward to your participation in our meeting at https://cibcvirtual.com/agm2023 or by phone at 416 641-6150 (local) or 1 866 696-5894 (toll free in Canada and the United States), passcode 2296336# (English) or 416 406-0743 (local) or 1 866 696-5910 (toll free in Canada and the United States), passcode 6552323# (French) or in person at CIBC Square Auditorium, 81 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario.
Sincerely,
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Katharine B. Stevenson Chair of the Board |
Victor G. Dodig President and Chief Executive Officer |
(1) | The figure represents the total received by the CIBC Foundation in the 2022 fiscal year and is comprised of donations made during the Miracle Day event in December 2021 and donations outside of the event day during that fiscal year. |
(2) | Inframation. For transactions that closed from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 (North American Renewables League Tables). |
Management Proxy Circular
In this 2023 Management Proxy Circular (the Circular), information is as at February 9, 2023 and all dollar figures are in Canadian currency, unless indicated otherwise. You, your and shareholder mean common shareholders of CIBC.
Glossary of Acronyms
AFV | Accounting Fair Value |
BPF | Business Performance Factor |
bps | basis points |
CD&A | Compensation Discussion and Analysis |
CEO | Chief Executive Officer |
CFO | Chief Financial Officer |
CLO | Chief Legal Officer |
COMR | Cost of Management Ratio |
CRO | Chief Risk Officer |
CSA | Canadian Securities Administrators |
CX | Client Experience |
DB | Defined Benefit |
DSU | Deferred Share Unit |
EPS | Earnings per Share |
ESG | Environmental, Social and Governance |
ESOP | Employee Stock Option Plan |
ESPP | Employee Share Purchase Plan |
EVP | Executive Vice-President |
EXCO | Executive Committee |
EY | Ernst & Young LLP |
FSB | Financial Stability Board |
GAAP | Generally Accepted Accounting Principles |
GPS | Goals Performance Success |
IFRS | International Financial Reporting Standards |
MD&A | Managements Discussion and Analysis |
MÉDAC | Mouvement déducation et de défense des actionnaires |
NEO | Named Executive Officer |
NYSE | New York Stock Exchange |
options | Stock Options |
OSFI | Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada |
PCAOB | Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) |
PSU | Performance Share Unit |
ROE | Return on Equity |
RSA | Restricted Share Award |
S&P | Standard & Poors |
SARs | Stock Appreciation Rights |
SBU | Strategic Business Unit |
SEC | U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |
SERP | Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan |
TCFD | Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosure |
TDC | Total Direct Compensation |
TSR | Total Shareholder Return |
TSX | Toronto Stock Exchange |
1. Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022 are in our 2022 Annual Report available at
https://www.cibc.com/en/about-cibc/investor-relations/annual-reports-and-proxy-circulars.htm l.
2. Election of Directors
You will be asked to elect 13 director nominees to serve on our Board until the earlier of the next annual meeting or the directors retirement from the Board. The Board recommends that you vote for each director nominee. |
See pages 9 to 22 for information about our director nominees.
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4. Advisory Resolution regarding our Executive Compensation Approach
You can have a say on pay by voting on an advisory resolution about our approach to executive compensation. Last year, 95.5% of shareholder votes were for our executive compensation approach. We consider the vote part of our shareholder engagement process. This vote is advisory under applicable law and does not diminish the Boards role and responsibilities. Even though the resolution is not binding, the Board and the Management Resources and Compensation Committee consider the results of the vote in making future executive compensation decisions. |
See pages 55 to 84 for Message to our Fellow Shareholders and Compensation Discussion and Analysis.
|
When reviewing its approach to executive compensation, the Committee considers shareholder feedback and any concerns that have been raised. If a concern is significant, we will disclose the Committees review process and the outcome of that review in our next management proxy circular.
The Board recommends that you vote for the following advisory resolution.
RESOLVED that the shareholders accept the approach to executive compensation disclosed in CIBCs management proxy circular for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
5. Shareholder Proposals
You will be asked to vote on three shareholder proposals set out on pages 99 to 107 of the Circular. The Board recommends that you vote against these proposals and explains why following each proposal.
Shareholder proposals that were withdrawn are set out on pages 103 to 107 of the Circular with supporting statements and the Boards response. |
See pages 99 to 107 for shareholder proposals and the Boards responses.
|
Shareholder proposals for next years annual meeting must be submitted by November 18, 2023.
1 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Delivery of meeting materials by notice-and-access
Management Proxy Circular We are using notice-and-access to send our registered and non-registered shareholders our management proxy circular as permitted by the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) and with the authorization of the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) Canada. This means that our Circular is posted online for you to access, rather than being printed and mailed to you. We continue to think it is important to reduce the amount of paper we send shareholders and help minimize our environmental footprint. You will receive a proxy form or a voting instruction form by mail, so that you can vote your shares, as well as a notice with information about how you can access our Circular online or request a paper copy.
Annual Financial Statements and Managements Discussion and Analysis The way we send you our annual financial statements and managements discussion and analysis (MD&A) depends on whether you are a registered shareholder or a non-registered shareholder.
You are a registered shareholder if you hold a paper share certificate in your name or your shares are held through the direct registration system. You are a non-registered shareholder if your shares are registered in the name of an intermediary, such as a bank, broker or trust company.
If you are a registered shareholder and you did not sign up for e-delivery or opt out of receiving our annual financial statements, then we are required to send you our annual financial statements and you will receive a paper copy of our Annual Report with the notice.
If you are a non-registered shareholder, then we will use notice-and-access to send you our annual financial statements and MD&A as permitted by securities law so that you can access this material online the same way as our Circular. We will send shareholders the notice-and-access notification (Notice) on or about March 2, 2023.
Our Circular and Annual Report (the meeting materials) are available on the website of our transfer agent, TSX Trust Company (TSX Trust) (www.meetingdocuments.com/TSXT/cibc), our website (www.cibc.com), SEDAR (www.sedar.com) and EDGAR (www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml).
How to request a paper copy of the meeting materials
You may request a paper copy of the Circular or the Annual Report, free of charge, up to one year from the date the meeting materials were filed on SEDAR.
To make your request before the meeting, contact TSX Trust at www.meetingdocuments.com/TSXT/cibc or 1 888 433-6443 (toll free in Canada and the United States) or 416 682-3801 (other countries) or email TSXT-fulfilment@tmx.com. Please follow TSX Trusts instructions. A paper copy of the requested documents will be sent to you within three business days of your request. Please note that you will not receive another proxy form or voting instruction form so please retain your original form to vote your shares.
To ensure receipt of the paper copy before the voting deadline and meeting date, we estimate that your request must be received no later than 5:00 p.m. (EDT) on March 21, 2023. This estimate reflects the three business day period for processing requests as well as typical mailing times.
To make your request on or after the date of the meeting, call TSX Trust at 1 888 433-6443 (toll free in Canada and the United States) or 416 682-3801 (other countries) or email TSXT-fulfilment@tmx.com. The requested documents will be sent to you within 10 calendar days of your request.
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 2 |
Attending the Meeting
This year, the meeting will take place by live webcast at https://cibcvirtual.com/agm2023 and in person at CIBC Square Auditorium, 81 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario with measures in place that continue to prioritize the health and safety of participants. Either way, you can take part, vote and ask your questions during the meeting. Please visit our Annual Meeting webpage on our Investor Relations website at www.cibc.com for more information.
Shareholder approval
Each matter you are being asked to vote on requires the approval of a simple majority (more than 50%) of the votes cast, by proxy or during the meeting, by either online ballot through the live webcast or in person ballot at CIBC Square Auditorium.
Who can vote
You are entitled to one vote for each common share you own on February 6, 2023, our record date. There were 911,645,446 outstanding common shares eligible to vote on that date.
Shares cannot be voted if they are beneficially owned by:
◾ | the government of Canada or any of its agencies; |
◾ | the government of a province or any of its agencies; |
◾ | the government of a foreign country, any political subdivision of a foreign country or any of its agencies; |
◾ | a person who has acquired more than 10% of any class of our shares without Minister of Finance approval; or |
◾ | a person or entity controlled by a person that, in aggregate, are more than 20% of the eligible votes that may be cast unless permitted by the Minister of Finance. |
Our directors and officers are not aware of any person or company that beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, or exercises control or direction over, more than 10% of the votes attached to any class of CIBC shares.
How to Vote
You may vote your shares before the meeting by proxy or voting instruction form or during the meeting, either by online ballot through the live webcast or in person ballot at CIBC Square Auditorium. The voting process depends on whether you are a registered shareholder or a non-registered shareholder.
3 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Voting
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 4 |
Voting
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If you want to appoint a proxyholder to vote during the meeting for you
You may appoint a proxyholder, other than managements nominees, Katharine B. Stevenson, Chair of the Board, and Victor G. Dodig, President and Chief Executive Officer, to attend, vote and act on your behalf at the meeting and any continuation or adjournment of the meeting. You should be certain your proxyholder is attending the meeting and is aware they have been appointed by you to vote your shares. To appoint a proxyholder you must follow these steps:
1. Insert your proxyholders name in the space provided on your proxy form and return it online, by fax or mail, as described on the previous page. The person you appoint as your proxyholder does not need to be a CIBC shareholder. You may leave the voting section blank, or you may provide voting instructions that your proxyholder must follow.
If your proxyholder is attending the meeting through the live webcast, you and your proxyholder must follow these additional steps:
2. You must register your proxyholder by calling TSX Trust at 1 866 751-6315 (within North America) or 1 647 252-9650 (outside North America) or by completing an online form at https://www.tsxtrust.com/control-number-request by 1:00 p.m. on April 3, 2023. TSX Trust will provide your proxyholder with a control number to vote during the meeting. If you do not take the additional step of registering your proxyholder with TSX Trust, your proxyholder will not receive a control number to vote your shares during the meeting.
3. Your proxyholder should log in at https://cibcvirtual.com/agm2023 at least 15 minutes before the meeting starts and check browser compatibility. There must be internet connectivity for the duration of the meeting to vote.
4. Your proxyholder should select Vote and a separate browser will open. Your proxyholder will enter their user name and password. The user name is the control number emailed to your proxyholder after you registered your proxyholder with TSX Trust. The password is cibc2023 and is case sensitive.
If your proxyholder is attending the meeting in person, your proxyholder will need to register with our transfer agent, TSX Trust, at the registration table when they arrive at the meeting.
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If you want to change your vote
If you change your mind on the voting instructions you sent, you may revoke your proxy in one of these ways:
◾ If you returned your proxy form by fax or mail, you should sign a written statement that you revoke your proxy, provide your new instructions (or authorize your lawyer in writing to sign the statement) and send it to CIBC Corporate Secretarys Division, 81 Bay Street, CIBC Square, 20th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5J 0E7, before 1:00 p.m. (EDT) on April 3, 2023.
◾ If you voted online, you may vote online again before 1:00 p.m. (EDT) on April 3, 2023, using the control number on your proxy form.
◾ You can also change your vote by voting through the live webcast described under If you want to vote through the live webcast on the previous page. Any vote you cast at the meeting will revoke any votes you previously submitted. If you do not wish to revoke previously submitted votes, you should not vote during the meeting.
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5 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Voting
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 6 |
Voting
If you want to vote through the live webcast or appoint a proxyholder to attend the live webcast to vote for you
To attend and vote at our meeting through the live webcast or appoint a proxyholder to attend and vote for you, you or your proxyholder will be able to vote in real time by completing an online ballot through the live webcast as long as you, or your proxyholder, are connected to the internet and follow these steps:
1. | If you want to appoint someone other than yourself, or managements nominees, Katharine B. Stevenson and Victor G. Dodig, as your proxyholder, to attend, vote and act for you at the meeting and any continuation or adjournment of the meeting, you must insert their name in the space provided on your voting instruction form and return it online or by mail, as described on the previous page. You may leave the voting section blank, or you may provide voting instructions that your proxyholder must follow. You should be certain your proxyholder is attending the live webcast and is aware they have been appointed by you to vote your shares. The person you appoint as your proxyholder does not need to be a CIBC shareholder. |
2. | You must register yourself, or your proxyholder by calling TSX Trust at 1 866 751-6315 (within North America) or 1 647 252-9650 (outside North America) or by completing an online form at https://www.tsxtrust.com/control-number-request by 1:00 p.m. (EDT) on April 3, 2023. TSX Trust will provide you, or your proxyholder, with a control number to vote during the meeting. If you do not take the additional step of registering with TSX Trust, you, or your proxyholder, will not receive a control number to vote your shares at our meeting through the live webcast. |
If you are a non-registered shareholder in the United States and want to vote at the meeting through the live webcast, you must obtain a legal proxy form from your intermediary by following the steps on the voting instruction form sent to you, or if you have not received one, contact your intermediary to request a legal proxy form. After obtaining the legal proxy form, appoint yourself, or someone else, as proxyholder. For instructions on how to appoint yourself, or someone else, as proxyholder, see Step 1 above, then register yourself or your proxyholder with TSX Trust.
Legal proxies may be returned to TSX Trust by email at proxyvote@tmx.com or by mail: TSX Trust Company, Attn: Proxy Department, P.O. Box 721, Agincourt, Ontario M1S 0A1 and must be labeled Legal Proxy.
Please allow sufficient time for the return of your legal proxy by the cut-off date of 1:00 p.m. (EDT) on April 3, 2023.
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3. | You or your proxyholder should log in at https://cibcvirtual.com/agm2023 at least 15 minutes before the meeting starts and check browser compatibility. There must be internet connectivity for the duration of the meeting to vote. |
4. | You or your proxyholder should select Vote and a separate browser will open. You or your proxyholder will enter a user name and password. The user name is the control number emailed to you or your proxyholder after you registered yourself or your proxyholder with TSX Trust. The password is cibc2023 and is case sensitive. |
If you want to change your vote before the meeting
If you change your mind on the voting instructions you sent through your intermediary and would like to change your vote or vote during the meeting, contact your intermediary to discuss whether this is possible and what procedures you need to follow.
7 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Voting
Other voting information
How your proxyholder will vote If you have given voting instructions in your proxy form or voting instruction form, your proxyholder must vote according to those instructions. If you have not given voting instructions, your proxyholder will decide how to vote. Your proxyholder will also decide how to vote on any amendment or variation to any of the matters in the notice of meeting or any matters that are properly brought before the meeting.
You can vote:
If you or your proxyholder do not give specific voting instructions, or you do not insert a name in the blank space on your proxy form or voting instruction form, then managements nominees, Katharine B. Stevenson and Victor G. Dodig will be appointed as your proxyholder and your shares will be voted:
FOR |
◾ each director nominee listed in the Circular ◾ the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as auditors ◾ the advisory resolution regarding our executive compensation approach | |
AGAINST |
◾ the shareholder proposals |
Confidentiality of your vote To protect the confidentiality of your vote, TSX Trust counts proxies and tabulates the results independently and does not inform CIBC about how individual shareholders have voted except where required by law or where a shareholders comments are intended for management.
How we solicit proxies We are soliciting proxies primarily by mail but CIBC employees may contact you by phone or in writing. CIBC pays any costs associated with proxy solicitation.
We reserve the right to accept late proxies and to waive or extend the proxy deadline with or without notice, but we are under no obligation to accept or reject a late proxy.
If you want to attend the meeting as a guest In-person attendance at the meeting is open only to registered shareholders, beneficial shareholders and duly appointed proxyholders. All other interested guests are welcome to attend the meeting in one of these ways:
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Online | go to https://cibcvirtual.com/agm2023 to join the live webcast; | ||
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Phone | call 416 641-6150 (local) or 1 866 696-5894 (toll free in Canada and the United States) passcode 2296336# (English) or 416 406-0743 (local) or 1 866 696-5910 (toll free in Canada and the United States) passcode 6552323# (French) for an audio only experience. |
Go Paperless!
Sign up for electronic delivery of our meeting materials and other continuous disclosure
documents for future years. Enrolling is easy and electronic delivery is secure, free, convenient and
environmentally friendly.
If you are a registered shareholder, go to services.tsxtrust.com/edelivery,
select Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, complete the consent form and hit submit.
If you are a non-registered shareholder, go to www.proxyvote.com and use the control number
provided on your voting instruction form.
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 8 |
There are 13 director nominees. Each nominee was elected at the last annual meeting of shareholders on April 7, 2022, except William F. Morneau who was appointed to the Board effective November 1, 2022.
Nicholas D. Le Pan and Jane L. Peverett are retiring at the close of our meeting. The Board would like to thank Mr. Le Pan and Ms. Peverett for their years of dedicated service to the Board and to CIBC.
Information on each nominee starts on page 10 and is effective as of February 9, 2023. Below are key highlights about CIBCs board composition if each nominee is elected by shareholders. No director nominees identify as Indigenous peoples or as persons with disabilities.
For information about the nomination process see the Statement of Corporate Governance Practices Director Nomination Process and Director Tenure starting on page 41.
9 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Directors
AMMAR ALJOUNDI, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Director since: 2022
Age: 58
Independent
2022 Shareholder
votes in favour: 99.5%
Skills: | ◾ Strategy | ◾ Risk Management/Risk Governance | ||
◾ Financial Expertise | ◾ Corporate Responsibility for ESG | |||
Principal occupation: President and Chief Executive Officer, Agnico Eagle Mines Limited | ||||
Experience: Mr. Aljoundi was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Agnico Eagle Mines Limited in February 2022. Prior to this, he was President of Agnico Eagle from 2015 to 2022. Mr. Aljoundi also served as Agnicos Senior Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer and has over 20 years of experience in finance and business strategy. Mr. Aljoundi has extensive experience in mining, capital markets and banking. Prior to 2015 he served in various senior financial roles at Barrick Gold Corporation, including Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice-President of Capital Allocation and Business Strategy and Senior Vice-President of Finance. He held senior roles at Barrick South America, including Executive Director and Chief Financial Officer and was also Vice-President Structured Finance at Citibank, Canada. Mr. Aljoundi is a member of the Board of Directors of St. Michaels Hospital Foundation. | ||||
Education: Mr. Aljoundi holds a Mechanical Engineering degree (with distinction) from the University of Toronto and a Master of Business Administration degree (with honours) from Western University. | ||||
Other public company board directorships during last five years | ||
Current: |
Current committee memberships: | |
Agnico Eagle Mines Limited since February 2022 |
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2022 Board and committee membership and attendance | ||||
Overall attendance: 100%
Board (from April 2022): 4/4
Risk Management Committee (from April 2022): 3/3 |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | Shares refers to the number of CIBC common shares a nominee beneficially owned, or exercised control or direction over on February 9, 2023 (the date of information in our 2023 management proxy circular) and February 10, 2022 (the date of information in our 2022 management proxy circular). |
(3) | DSUs refers to the number of deferred share units held by a nominee on February 9, 2023 and February 10, 2022. |
(4) | Total value of Shares/DSUs for 2023 and 2022 is calculated by multiplying Total Shares/DSUs by the closing price of a CIBC common share on the Toronto Stock Exchange on December 30, 2022 ($54.77) and December 31, 2021 ($73.72). |
(5) | Total as a multiple of share ownership guideline was calculated by dividing Total value of Shares/DSUs by the equity share ownership guideline of $800,000 for 2023 and $750,000 for 2022. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 10 |
Directors
CHARLES J.G. BRINDAMOUR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Director since: 2020
Age: 52
Independent
2022 Shareholder
votes in favour: 99.6%
Skills: | ◾ Strategy | ◾ Financial Expertise | ||
◾ Financial Services | ◾ Risk Management/Risk Governance | |||
Principal occupation: Chief Executive Officer, Intact Financial Corporation | ||||
Experience: Mr. Brindamour is Chief Executive Officer of Intact Financial Corporation, the largest provider of property and casualty insurance in Canada and a leading provider of specialty insurance in North America. Mr. Brindamour began his career with Intact in 1992, and has been Chief Executive Officer of Intact Financial Corporation since 2008. Mr. Brindamour has deep experience in the global financial services industry, is a respected business leader with more than 25 years of operating experience and is a past recipient of Canadas Outstanding CEO of the Year Award. Mr. Brindamour serves on the boards of the Geneva Association and the Business Council of Canada and is co-founder of the Intact Centre for Climate Adaptation at the University of Waterloo. | ||||
Education: Mr. Brindamour is a graduate of Laval University in Actuarial Sciences and an Associate of the Casualty Actuarial Society and was awarded an honorary Doctorate from HEC Montréal. | ||||
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | Shares refers to the number of CIBC common shares a nominee beneficially owned, or exercised control or direction over on February 9, 2023 (the date of information in our 2023 management proxy circular) and February 10, 2022 (the date of information in our 2022 management proxy circular). |
(3) | DSUs refers to the number of deferred share units held by a nominee on February 9, 2023 and February 10, 2022. |
(4) | Total value of Shares/DSUs for 2023 and 2022 is calculated by multiplying Total Shares/DSUs by the closing price of a CIBC common share on the Toronto Stock Exchange on December 30, 2022 ($54.77) and December 31, 2021 ($73.72). |
(5) | Total as a multiple of share ownership guideline was calculated by dividing Total value of Shares/DSUs by the equity share ownership guideline of $800,000 for 2023 and $750,000 for 2022. |
11 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Directors
NANCI E. CALDWELL, Woodside, California, USA
Director since: 2015
Age: 64
Independent
2022 Shareholder
votes in favour: 95.6%
CIBC equity - Ms. Caldwell meets the equity ownership guideline(1) | ||||||||||
Year |
Shares(2) (#) |
DSUs(3) (#) |
Total Shares/DSUs (#) |
Total value of Shares/DSUs(4) ($) |
Total as a multiple of share ownership guideline(5) | |||||
2023 | 18,910 | 0 | 18,910 | 1,035,701 | 1.8x | |||||
2022 | 16,468 | 0 | 16,468 | 1,214,103 | 1.3x |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | Shares refers to the number of CIBC common shares a nominee beneficially owned, or exercised control or direction over on February 9, 2023 (the date of information in our 2023 management proxy circular) and February 10, 2022 (the date of information in our 2022 management proxy circular). |
(3) | DSUs refers to the number of deferred share units held by a nominee on February 9, 2023 and February 10, 2022. |
(4) | Total value of Shares/DSUs for 2023 and 2022 is calculated by multiplying Total Shares/DSUs by the closing price of a CIBC common share on the Toronto Stock Exchange on December 30, 2022 ($54.77) and December 31, 2021 ($73.72). |
(5) | Total as a multiple of share ownership guideline was calculated by dividing Total value of Shares/DSUs by the equity share ownership guideline of $800,000 for 2023 and $750,000 for 2022. Directors who are US citizens and whose primary residence is in the US received their fees in US dollars and their share ownership guideline is in US dollars. For purposes of calculating US director ownership against the guideline, the US dollar amount has been converted to Canadian dollars using the WM/Reuters exchange rate of US$1.00 = C$1.3622 for 2022 and US$1.00 = C$1.2374 for 2021 reflecting the foreign exchange rate on the last trading day of the fiscal year. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 12 |
Directors
MICHELLE L. COLLINS, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Director since: 2017
Age: 62
Independent
2022 Shareholder
votes in favour: 99.5%
Skills: | ◾ Strategy | ◾ Financial Expertise | ||
◾ Financial Services | ◾ Legal/Regulatory/Compliance | |||
Principal occupation: President, Cambium LLC | ||||
Experience: Ms. Collins has been President of Cambium LLC since 2007. Cambium is a Chicago-based business and financial advisory firm that serves small and medium-sized businesses. She has 30 years of experience in corporate governance, investment banking, and private equity and significant corporate board experience, having served as a director for several publicly traded companies across a wide range of industries. Ms. Collins is a director and chair of the Audit Committees of CIBC Bancorp USA Inc., CIBC Bank USA and a member of the Global Risk Institute. She is Chair of the Board of Trustees of National Louis University, a member of the Advisory Boards of Svoboda Capital Partners, LLC, Cedar Street Asset Management, and 5th Century Partners, LLC. Ms. Collins has also served on several philanthropic and non-profit boards, including the Chicago Public Library Foundation, the Museum of Science and Industry and The Commercial Club of Chicago.
Ms. Collins is a past recipient of the Outstanding Leader Award for Business from the YWCA in recognition of her distinguished career in business, her community involvement and willingness to take on leadership positions on impacting womens lives and racial justice. | ||||
Education: Ms. Collins holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from Yale University and a Master of Business Administration degree from Harvard Graduate School of Business. | ||||
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | Shares refers to the number of CIBC common shares a nominee beneficially owned, or exercised control or direction over on February 9, 2023 (the date of information in our 2023 management proxy circular) and February 10, 2022 (the date of information in our 2022 management proxy circular). |
(3) | DSUs refers to the number of deferred share units held by a nominee on February 9, 2023 and February 10, 2022. |
(4) | Total value of Shares/DSUs for 2023 and 2022 is calculated by multiplying Total Shares/DSUs by the closing price of a CIBC common share on the Toronto Stock Exchange on December 30, 2022 ($54.77) and December 31, 2021 ($73.72). |
(5) | Total as a multiple of share ownership guideline was calculated by dividing Total value of Shares/DSUs by the equity share ownership guideline of $800,000 for 2023 and $750,000 for 2022. Directors who are US citizens and whose primary residence is in the US received their fees in US dollars and their share ownership guideline is in US dollars. For purposes of calculating US director ownership against the guideline, the US dollar amount has been converted to Canadian dollars using the WM/Reuters exchange rate of US$1.00 = C$1.3622 for 2022 and US$1.00 = C$1.2374 for 2021 reflecting the foreign exchange rate on the last trading day of the fiscal year. |
(6) | Includes DSUs earned for serving on the Boards of CIBC Bancorp USA Inc. and CIBC Bank USA. |
13 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Directors
LUC DESJARDINS, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Director since: 2009
Age: 70
Independent
2022 Shareholder
votes in favour: 97.9%
Skills: | ◾ Strategy | ◾ Human Resources Management/Compensation | ||
◾ Financial Expertise | ◾ Information Technology | |||
Principal occupation: President and Chief Executive Officer, Superior Plus Corp. | ||||
Experience: Mr. Desjardins has been President and Chief Executive Officer of Superior Plus Corp., a Toronto-based public company that distributes and markets propane and distillates in both the US and Canada, since 2011. Mr. Desjardins was an equity partner at The Sterling Group, LP from 2008 to 2011 and President and Chief Executive Officer of Transcontinental Inc. from 2004 to 2008. Throughout his career, Mr. Desjardins has delivered growth through innovative branding and differentiation of consumer experience. Mr. Desjardins is a director of Gestion Jourdan SEC, a member of the Chief Executives Organization and a member of the 30% Club Canada. Mr. Desjardins is also a recipient of the Harvard Presidents Seminar Leader of Leaders award and the Presidents Program in Leadership diploma from Harvard Business School. | ||||
Education: Mr. Desjardins holds a Master of Business Administration degree from Université du Québec à Montréal and is a graduate of the Harvard Business School Management Development Program. | ||||
Other public company board directorships during last five years | ||
Current: |
Current committee memberships: | |
Superior Plus Corp. since 2011 |
| |
2022 Board and committee membership and attendance | ||
Overall attendance: 100% |
||
Board: 9/9 |
||
Audit Committee (to April 2022): 4/4 |
||
Management Resources and Compensation Committee (from April 2022): 3/3 |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | Shares refers to the number of CIBC common shares a nominee beneficially owned, or exercised control or direction over on February 9, 2023 (the date of information in our 2023 management proxy circular) and February 10, 2022 (the date of information in our 2022 management proxy circular). |
(3) | DSUs refers to the number of deferred share units held by a nominee on February 9, 2023 and February 10, 2022. |
(4) | Total value of Shares/DSUs for 2023 and 2022 is calculated by multiplying Total Shares/DSUs by the closing price of a CIBC common share on the Toronto Stock Exchange on December 30, 2022 ($54.77) and December 31, 2021 ($73.72). |
(5) | Total as a multiple of share ownership guideline was calculated by dividing Total value of Shares/DSUs by the equity share ownership guideline of $800,000 for 2023 and $750,000 for 2022. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 14 |
Directors
VICTOR G. DODIG, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Director since: 2014
Age: 57
Not Independent
See Director Independence on page 38.
2022 Shareholder
votes in favour: 99.4%
Skills: | ◾ Strategy | ◾ Financial Expertise | ||
◾ Financial Services | ◾ Human Resources Management/Compensation | |||
Principal occupation: President and Chief Executive Officer, CIBC | ||||
Experience: Mr. Dodig has been President and Chief Executive Officer of the CIBC group of companies since September 2014. He brings more than 25 years of extensive business and banking experience, including leading CIBCs Wealth Management, Asset Management and Retail Banking businesses. Over his career, Mr. Dodig also led several businesses with UBS and Merrill Lynch in Canada and internationally, and was a management consultant with McKinsey & Company. Mr. Dodig is currently Chair of the Business Council of Canada. Mr. Dodig is a vocal advocate for inclusion in the workplace and is Chair of the Inclusion and Diversity Leadership Council at CIBC. He was President of the 2022 International Monetary Conference, is past Co-Chair of the BlackNorth Initiative, past Chair of the Catalyst Canada Advisory Board and past Chair of the 30% Club Canada. In addition to the public company directorship noted below, Mr. Dodig is a member of the International Advisory Committee of the Brookings Institute. | ||||
Education: Mr. Dodig holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree from the University of Toronto (St. Michaels College), a Master of Business Administration degree from the Harvard Business School where he was recognized as a Baker Scholar, and a Diploma from the Institut détudes politiques in Paris. He has received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University). | ||||
Other public company board directorships during last five years | ||
Current: |
Current committee memberships: | |
TELUS Corporation Since May 2022
|
| |
2022 Board and committee membership and attendance | ||
Overall attendance: 100% |
||
Board: 9/9 |
Mr. Dodig does not receive compensation for his services as a director. For information on Mr. Dodigs equity ownership, see Equity ownership of NEOs at October 31, 2022 on page 74 of the Circular.
15 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Directors
KEVIN J. KELLY, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Director since: 2013
Age: 67
Independent
2022 Shareholder
votes in favour: 99.6%
Skills: | ◾ Strategy | ◾ Financial Expertise | ||
◾ Financial Services | ◾ Human Resources Management/Compensation | |||
Principal occupation: Corporate Director | ||||
Experience: Mr. Kelly was Lead Director of the Ontario Securities Commission from 2010 to 2012 and Commissioner from 2006 to 2010. He has more than 30 years experience in wealth and asset management in Canada and the US. Mr. Kelly was President and Co-Chief Executive Officer of Wellington West Capital, Inc. from 2004 to 2005, President of Fidelity Brokerage Company in Boston from 2000 to 2003, President of Fidelity Investments Institutional Services Company from 1997 to 2000, President of Fidelity Canada from 1996 to 1997, and President and Chief Executive Officer of Bimcor Inc. from 1992 to 1996. Mr. Kelly is a director of CIBC Bancorp USA Inc., CIBC Bank USA and CIBC National Trust Company. Mr. Kelly is also a member of the Canadian Public Accountability Board. | ||||
Education: Mr. Kelly holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree from Dalhousie University. | ||||
Other public company board directorships during last five years | ||
None
|
||
2022 Board and committee membership and attendance | ||
Overall attendance: 100% |
||
Board: 9/9 |
||
Management Resources and Compensation Committee (Chair): 6/6 |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | Shares refers to the number of CIBC common shares a nominee beneficially owned, or exercised control or direction over on February 9, 2023 (the date of information in our 2023 management proxy circular) and February 10, 2022 (the date of information in our 2022 management proxy circular). |
(3) | DSUs refers to the number of deferred share units held by a nominee on February 9, 2023 and February 10, 2022. |
(4) | Total value of Shares/DSUs for 2023 and 2022 is calculated by multiplying Total Shares/DSUs by the closing price of a CIBC common share on the Toronto Stock Exchange on December 30, 2022 ($54.77) and December 31, 2021 ($73.72). |
(5) | Total as a multiple of share ownership guideline was calculated by dividing Total value of Shares/DSUs by the equity share ownership guideline of $800,000 for 2023 and $750,000 for 2022. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 16 |
Directors
CHRISTINE E. LARSEN, Montclair, New Jersey, USA
Director since: 2016
Age: 61
Independent
2022 Shareholder
votes in favour: 99.6%
Other public company board directorships during last five years | ||
Former: |
||
Datto Holding Corp. 2021 to June 2022 |
||
Paya Holdings, Inc. 2020 to May 2022 |
||
2022 Board and committee membership and attendance | ||
Overall attendance: 100% |
||
Board: 9/9 |
||
Risk Management Committee: 6/6 |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | Shares refers to the number of CIBC common shares a nominee beneficially owned, or exercised control or direction over on February 9, 2023 (the date of information in our 2023 management proxy circular) and February 10, 2022 (the date of information in our 2022 management proxy circular). |
(3) | DSUs refers to the number of deferred share units held by a nominee on February 9, 2023 and February 10, 2022. |
(4) | Total value of Shares/DSUs for 2023 and 2022 is calculated by multiplying Total Shares/DSUs by the closing price of a CIBC common share on the Toronto Stock Exchange on December 30, 2022 ($54.77) and December 31, 2021 ($73.72). |
(5) | Total as a multiple of share ownership guideline was calculated by dividing Total value of Shares/DSUs by the equity share ownership guideline of $800,000 for 2023 and $750,000 for 2022. Directors who are US citizens and whose primary residence is in the US received their fees in US dollars and their share ownership guideline is in US dollars. For purposes of calculating US director ownership against the guideline, the US dollar amount has been converted to Canadian dollars using the WM/Reuters exchange rate of US$1.00 = C$1.3622 for 2022 and US$1.00 = C$1.2374 for 2021 reflecting the foreign exchange rate on the last trading day of the fiscal year. |
17 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Directors
MARY LOU MAHER, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Director since: 2021
Age: 62
Independent
2022 Shareholder
votes in favour: 99.3%
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | Shares refers to the number of CIBC common shares a nominee beneficially owned, or exercised control or direction over on February 9, 2023 (the date of information in our 2023 management proxy circular) and February 10, 2022 (the date of information in our 2022 management proxy circular). |
(3) | DSUs refers to the number of deferred share units held by a nominee on February 9, 2023 and February 10, 2022. |
(4) | Total value of Shares/DSUs for 2023 and 2022 is calculated by multiplying Total Shares/DSUs by the closing price of a CIBC common share on the Toronto Stock Exchange on December 30, 2022 ($54.77) and December 31, 2021 ($73.72). |
(5) | Total as a multiple of share ownership guideline was calculated by dividing Total value of Shares/DSUs by the equity share ownership guideline of $800,000 for 2023 and $750,000 for 2022. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 18 |
Directors
THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM F. MORNEAU, P.C., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Director since:
November 2022
Age: 60
Independent
2022 Shareholder
votes in favour: n/a
Other public company board directorships during last five years | ||
Current: |
Current committee memberships: | |
Clairvest Group Inc since June 2022 |
- | |
|
||
2022 Board and committee membership and attendance | ||
n/a |
(1) | Shares refers to the number of CIBC common shares a nominee beneficially owned, or exercised control or direction over on February 9, 2023 (the date of information in our 2023 management proxy circular). |
(2) | DSUs refers to the number of deferred share units held by a nominee on February 9, 2023. |
(3) | Total value of Shares/DSUs for 2023 is calculated by multiplying Total Shares/DSUs by the closing price of a CIBC common share on the Toronto Stock Exchange on December 30, 2022 ($54.77). |
(4) | Total as a multiple of share ownership guideline was calculated by dividing Total value of Shares/DSUs by the equity share ownership guideline of $800,000. |
19 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Directors
KATHARINE B. STEVENSON, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Director since: 2011
Chair of the Board
since: 2021
Age: 60
Independent
2022 Shareholder
votes in favour: 98.8%
Skills: | ◾ Strategy | ◾ Financial Expertise | ||
◾ Financial Services | ◾ Risk Management/Risk Governance | |||
Principal occupation: Chair of the Board, CIBC | ||||
Experience: Ms. Stevenson has been Chair of the Board of CIBC since 2021. She has extensive business and corporate governance experience, having served on numerous public company and not-for-profit boards in Canada and the US over the past two decades, where she has consistently assumed leadership roles. Previously, Ms. Stevenson was a financial executive in the telecommunications and banking sectors. Ms. Stevenson is a director of CIBC Bancorp USA Inc., CIBC Bank USA, CIBC National Trust Company and a member of the Board of Directors of Unity Health Toronto. Ms. Stevenson has been named one of the Top 100 Most Powerful Women in Canada. | ||||
Education: Ms. Stevenson holds a Bachelor of Arts degree (Magna Cum Laude) from Harvard University and is a member of the Institute of Corporate Directors with the designation ICD.D. | ||||
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | Shares refers to the number of CIBC common shares a nominee beneficially owned, or exercised control or direction over on February 9, 2023 (the date of information in our 2023 management proxy circular) and February 10, 2022 (the date of information in our 2022 management proxy circular). |
(3) | DSUs refers to the number of deferred share units held by a nominee on February 9, 2023 and February 10, 2022. |
(4) | Total value of Shares/DSUs for 2023 and 2022 is calculated by multiplying Total Shares/DSUs by the closing price of a CIBC common share on the Toronto Stock Exchange on December 30, 2022 ($54.77) and December 31, 2021 ($73.72). |
(5) | Total as a multiple of share ownership guideline was calculated by dividing Total value of Shares/DSUs by the equity share ownership guideline of $800,000 for 2023 and $750,000 for 2022. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 20 |
Directors
MARTINE TURCOTTE, Ad.E., Verdun, Québec, Canada
Director since: 2014
Age: 62
Independent
2022 Shareholder
votes in favour: 98.8%
CIBC equity - Ms. Turcotte meets the equity ownership guideline(1) | ||||||||||
Year |
Shares(2) (#) |
DSUs(3) (#) |
Total Shares/DSUs (#) |
Total value of Shares/DSUs(4) ($) |
Total as a multiple of share ownership guideline(5) | |||||
2023 | 824 | 42,139 | 42,963 | 2,353,084 | 2.9x | |||||
2022 | 824 | 38,064 | 38,888 | 2,867,018 | 3.8x |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13,2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | Shares refers to the number of CIBC common shares a nominee beneficially owned, or exercised control or direction over on February 9, 2023 (the date of information in our 2023 management proxy circular) and February 10, 2022 (the date of information in our 2022 management proxy circular). |
(3) | DSUs refers to the number of deferred share units held by a nominee on February 9, 2023 and February 10, 2022. |
(4) | Total value of Shares/DSUs for 2023 and 2022 is calculated by multiplying Total Shares/DSUs by the closing price of a CIBC common share on the Toronto Stock Exchange on December 30, 2022 ($54.77) and December 31, 2021 ($73.72). |
(5) | Total as a multiple of share ownership guideline was calculated by dividing Total value of Shares/DSUs by the equity share ownership guideline of $800,000 for 2023 and $750,000 for 2022. |
21 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Directors
BARRY L. ZUBROW, West Palm Beach, Florida, USA
Director since: 2015
Age: 69
Independent
2022 Shareholder
votes in favour: 98.7%
Other public company board directorships during last five years | ||
Former: |
||
Hudson Executive Investment Corp. III 2021 to December 2022 | ||
|
||
2022 Board and committee membership and attendance | ||
Overall attendance: 100% |
||
Board: 9/9 |
||
Corporate Governance Committee: 5/5 |
||
Risk Management Committee (Chair): 6/6 |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | Shares refers to the number of CIBC common shares a nominee beneficially owned, or exercised control or direction over on February 9, 2023 (the date of information in our 2023 management proxy circular) and February 10, 2022 (the date of information in our 2022 management proxy circular). |
(3) | DSUs refers to the number of deferred share units held by a nominee on February 9, 2023 and February 10, 2022. |
(4) | Total value of Shares/DSUs for 2023 and 2022 is calculated by multiplying Total Shares/DSUs by the closing price of a CIBC common share on the Toronto Stock Exchange on December 30, 2022 ($54.77) and December 31, 2021 ($73.72). |
(5) | Total as a multiple of share ownership guideline was calculated by dividing Total value of Shares/DSUs by the equity share ownership guideline of $800,000 for 2023 and $750,000 for 2022. Directors who are US citizens and whose primary residence is in the US received their fees in US dollars and their share ownership guideline is in US dollars. For purposes of calculating US director ownership against the guideline, the US dollar amount has been converted to Canadian dollars using the WM/Reuters exchange rate of US$1.00 = C$1.3622 for 2022 and US$1.00 = C$1.2374 for 2021 reflecting the foreign exchange rate on the last trading day of the fiscal year. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 22 |
Directors
Board and committee meeting frequency and overall attendance in fiscal 2022
During fiscal 2022, directors attended 100% of regular Board and committee meetings, as set out below. Individual director nominee attendance is in their biographies starting on page 10. For information on director attendance expectations, see the Statement of Corporate Governance Practices Director Tenure Meeting attendance record beginning on page 42.
Board and Committees | Number of Meetings | Overall Attendance at Regular Meetings | ||||
Number of Regular |
Number of Special | |||||
Board |
9 | 3 | 100% | |||
Audit Committee |
7 | 1 | 100% | |||
Corporate Governance Committee |
5 | 2 | 100% | |||
Management Resources and Compensation Committee |
6 | 1 | 100% | |||
Risk Management Committee |
6 | 6 | 100% |
In addition to regularly scheduled board and committee meetings, during fiscal 2022, the Board reviewed the key performance indicators relating to CIBCs long-term strategic focus and near-term priorities and participated in director development sessions focused on key emerging themes related to CIBCs business, strategy and operations.
Attendance of directors not standing for re-election
Nicholas D. Le Pan and Jane L. Peverett are retiring from the Board. During fiscal 2022, Mr. Le Pan and Ms. Peverett attended 100% of all regular Board, Audit Committee and Corporate Governance Committee meetings.
Director nominee independence
The Board determined that each director nominee is independent except Victor G. Dodig because he is President and Chief Executive Officer of CIBC.
All members of the Board committees are independent under the Boards independence standards available at www.cibc.com. These standards incorporate the Affiliated Persons (Banks) Regulations, the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) corporate governance rules, CSA corporate governance guidelines and the OSFI Corporate Governance Guideline provisions. For information about how the Board determines director independence, see the Statement of Corporate Governance Practices Director Independence beginning on page 38.
23 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Directors
Director nominee skills and experience
All director nominees have skills and experience acquired from senior roles in major organizations. In the table below are the skills identified by each director nominee through a self-assessment questionnaire. The top four skills of the director nominees are set out in their biographies on pages 10 to 22.
CIBCs director compensation program is designed to attract and retain people with the skills and experiences to act as directors of CIBC. The Corporate Governance Committee evaluates director compensation against companies in the financial services sector that are of comparable size, scope, market presence and complexity to CIBC. Based on these criteria, CIBC director compensation is targeted within the range of its comparator group: Bank of Montreal, National Bank of Canada, Royal Bank of Canada, Bank of Nova Scotia, the Toronto-Dominion Bank, Manulife Financial and Sun Life Financial.
The Corporate Governance Committee reviews CIBCs director compensation program annually to make sure it aligns with the interests of our shareholders, is competitive with the market, and reflects best practices. The Committee also considers the evolving complexity of CIBC businesses and its regulatory environment; the increasing engagement of directors with regulators and other stakeholders; the workload and time commitment of Board members; and CIBCs ability to remain competitive with peers in attracting and retaining directors with the expertise and experiences required for CIBCs Board.
Based on the Corporate Governance Committees review and recommendation in 2022, the Board approved the following changes with effect from November 1, 2022:
◾ | increasing the director retainer from $225,000 to $240,000, with the increase paid in equity; |
◾ | increasing the independent Board Chair retainer from $450,000 to $470,000, with the increase paid in equity; and |
◾ | increasing the director equity ownership guideline from $750,000 to $800,000. |
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Directors
Director compensation components
The table below sets out the components of director compensation(1).
For Fiscal 2022 ($) |
Effective For
Fiscal 2023 | |||
Annual Retainers |
||||
Cash (may be taken as cash, shares or DSUs(2)) |
||||
Chair of the Board(3) |
195,000 | 195,000 | ||
Other Directors(4) |
100,000 | 100,000 | ||
Equity (may be taken as shares or DSUs) |
||||
Chair of the Board(3) |
250,000 | 270,000 | ||
Other Directors |
125,000 | 140,000 | ||
Committee Chair |
50,000 | 50,000 | ||
Committee membership in excess of one(5) |
15,000 | 15,000 | ||
Meeting Attendance and Travel Fees |
||||
Ad-hoc committees (per meeting) |
1,000 | 1,000 | ||
Travel (per trip)(6) |
2,000 | 2,000 |
(1) | CIBC directors who are US citizens and whose primary residence is in the US are paid their director compensation in US dollars. |
(2) | A DSU (deferred share unit) is a bookkeeping entry credited quarterly to an account maintained for a director. The value of a directors DSU account is payable in cash in a lump sum when he or she is no longer a director of CIBC or a subsidiary or affiliate of CIBC. The redemption value of a DSU is based on the value of the common shares of CIBC determined in accordance with the director equity plans. Directors are entitled to dividend equivalent payments that are credited quarterly in the form of additional DSUs at the same rate as dividends on common shares. DSUs do not entitle the holder to voting or other shareholder rights. |
(3) | The Chair of the Board receives no compensation as a director of CIBC other than the annual cash and equity retainers for the Chair of the Board. |
(4) | Paid for service on the Board and one committee. |
(5) | Paid for service on each additional committee in excess of one (excluding special ad-hoc committees and committee chairs). |
(6) | Paid for attending Board or committee meetings in person, where the distance from the directors primary place of residence to the meeting location is 300 km or more. |
Directors are reimbursed for travel, accommodation and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending meetings and carrying out their duties as a director. In addition, CIBC pays the cost for administration of the office of the Chair of the Board. Independent directors do not receive stock options and do not participate in CIBCs pension plans.
Restrictions on trading and hedging CIBC Securities
Directors are prohibited from using hedging strategies to offset a decrease in the market value of CIBC securities. For more information see page 89 Restrictions on trading and hedging CIBC Securities.
25 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Directors
Director compensation table
The table below sets out total compensation paid to independent directors during fiscal 2022 and includes compensation paid to directors who were asked to serve on the boards of CIBC Bancorp USA Inc. and CIBC Bank USA.
Fees Earned(2) | Allocation of Fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name(1) (all figures in C$) |
Annual Retainer | Committee Member and Chair Retainers |
Travel Fees |
All Other Compensation |
Total Compensation |
Cash | Share-Based | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity | Cash | Common Shares |
DSUs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ammar Aljoundi |
70,313 | 56,250 | - | - | - | 126,563 | - | - | 126,563 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charles J.G. Brindamour |
125,000 | 100,000 | - | - | - | 225,000 | - | 225,000 | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nanci E. Caldwell(3) |
162,815 | 130,252 | - | 13,123 | 17,610 | 323,800 | 160,985 | 162,815 | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Michelle L. Collins(4) |
162,815 | 130,252 | - | 13,123 | 225,276 | 531,466 | 277,474 | - | 253,992 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Patrick D. Daniel(5) |
54,688 | 43,750 | - | 4,000 | 16,562 | 119,000 | 54,312 | - | 54,688 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Luc Desjardins(3) |
125,000 | 100,000 | - | - | 5,000 | 230,000 | 105,000 | - | 125,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kevin J. Kelly(4) |
125,000 | 100,000 | 50,000 | - | 188,866 | 463,866 | 188,866 | - | 275,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Christine E. Larsen(3) |
162,815 | 130,252 | - | 13,123 | 6,479 | 312,669 | 149,854 | 162,815 | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nicholas D. Le Pan(4) |
125,000 | 100,000 | 21,875 | 10,000 | 227,511 | 484,386 | 359,386 | 125,000 | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mary Lou Maher |
125,000 | 100,000 | 28,125 | - | - | 253,125 | 28,125 | - | 225,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jane L. Peverett |
125,000 | 100,000 | 50,000 | 8,000 | - | 283,000 | 158,000 | 125,000 | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Katharine B. Stevenson(4) |
250,000 | 195,000 | - | - | 175,841 | 620,841 | 370,841 | 250,000 | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Martine Turcotte |
125,000 | 100,000 | - | 10,000 | 15,000 | 250,000 | 125,000 | - | 125,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Barry L. Zubrow(4) |
162,815 | 130,252 | 65,126 | 13,123 | 251,533 | 622,849 | 460,034 | - | 162,815 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TOTAL |
1,901,261 | 1,516,008 | 215,126 | 84,492 | 1,129,678 | 4,846,565 | 2,437,877 | 1,050,630 | 1,348,058 |
(1) | Mr. Dodig did not receive compensation for his services as a director of CIBC. See Summary compensation table on page 85 for Mr. Dodigs compensation as President and Chief Executive Officer. |
(2) | Amounts paid in US dollars to directors of CIBC who are US citizens and whose primary residence is in the US were converted to Canadian dollars using the WM/Reuters exchange rate as follows: |
◾ | US$1.00 = C$1.2758 on February 10, 2022 |
◾ | US$1.00 = C$1.2879 on May 12, 2022 |
◾ | US$1.00 = C$1.2950 on August 11, 2022 |
◾ | US$1.00 = C$1.3514 on November 10, 2022 |
(3) | The amounts reported under All Other Compensation include fees of $1,000 per meeting paid to Ms. Caldwell, Mr. Desjardins and Ms. Larsen for participating in five meetings with management on technology, infrastructure and innovation. |
(4) | The amounts reported under All Other Compensation include fees paid for serving on the boards and committees of CIBC Bancorp USA Inc. and CIBC Bank USA (the US Subsidiaries). Each of Ms. Collins, Mr. Kelly, Mr. Le Pan, Ms. Stevenson and Mr. Zubrow received US$135,000 for serving as a director of the US Subsidiaries. Mr. Zubrow received US$15,000 for serving as Chair of the Risk Committee. He was appointed Chair of the Board of the US Subsidiaries on April 30, 2022 and received US$25,000 for his service in that role. Mr. Le Pan was appointed Chair of the Risk Committee on April 30, 2022 and received US$15,000 for his service in that role. Ms. Collins received US$20,000 for serving as Chair of the Audit Committee. Mr. Kelly received US$10,000 for serving as Chair of the Private Wealth Oversight Committee. Ms. Collins, Mr. Le Pan and Mr. Zubrow received fees of US$1,000 per meeting for participating in 18 meetings of a Regulatory Oversight Committee. These amounts were converted to Canadian dollars at the rates set out in note (2). |
(5) | Mr. Daniel retired from the Board on April 7, 2022. To recognize his service, CIBC made a $10,000 donation to a registered Canadian charity selected by Mr. Daniel. This amount is reported under All Other Compensation. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 26 |
Directors
Director equity ownership guideline
Effective November 1, 2022, for fiscal 2023, the director equity ownership guideline was increased from 7.5 times the annual cash retainer of $100,000 ($750,000) to eight times the annual cash retainer ($800,000) in common shares and/or DSUs within five years after joining the Board.
Based on director fees effective November 1, 2022 for fees earned in fiscal 2023, directors must take $140,000 of their $240,000 annual retainer (58%) in either CIBC common shares or DSUs. The Chair of the Board must take $270,000 of the Chairs $465,000 annual retainer (58%) in either CIBC common shares or DSUs. The requirement to receive these amounts in equity continues even after directors have reached the equity ownership guideline. Directors may also elect to take all or a portion of their cash retainers in CIBC common shares or DSUs. New directors are expected to take half of their cash retainer in equity until the equity ownership guideline is reached.
Each nominee who is currently a director has met the equity ownership guideline except for Mary Lou Maher, who joined the Board on April 8, 2021, Ammar Aljoundi, who joined the Board on April 7, 2022 and William F. Morneau who joined the Board on November 1, 2022. Each of these director nominees is acquiring equity under our director compensation program to reach the equity ownership guideline by their target date.
Each director nominees equity ownership interest in CIBC is set out in their biography on pages 10 to 22.
27 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
The Board has four committees: Audit Committee, Corporate Governance Committee, Management Resources and Compensation Committee, and Risk Management Committee. Committee mandates can be found at www.cibc.com. Committee activities during 2022 are summarized below.
Report of the Audit Committee
The key responsibilities of the Audit Committee are to: (i) fulfill its responsibilities for reviewing the integrity of CIBCs financial statements, related managements discussion and analysis (MD&A) and internal control over financial reporting; (ii) monitor the system of internal control; (iii) monitor CIBCs compliance with legal and regulatory requirements as they pertain to responsibilities under the Audit Committee Mandate; (iv) select the external auditors for shareholder approval; (v) review the qualifications, independence and service quality of the external auditors and the performance of CIBCs internal auditors; (vi) oversee processes and controls around Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) disclosure in the Annual Report and Sustainability Report; and (vii) act as the audit committee for certain federally regulated subsidiaries.
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 28 |
Board Committee Reports
External Auditors | ◾ Pre-approved all EY engagements for non-audit services and fees in accordance with the Scope of Services Policy. ◾ Completed an annual assessment of EYs audit quality, effectiveness and service quality and recommended their re-appointment for shareholder approval. ◾ Updated and monitored audit quality indicators. | |
Internal Audit Function | ◾ Approved the Internal Audit organizational framework and charter and Internal Audits audit plan, including the audit scope and the overall risk assessment and monitored its execution, including changes as required. ◾ Reviewed Internal Audits report of CIBCs Risk Governance Framework and its assessment of the oversight by Finance, Risk Management and Compliance. ◾ Reviewed performance goals, assessed the effectiveness and performance and approved the mandate of the Chief Auditor. ◾ Recommended Board approval of the re-appointment of the Chief Auditor. ◾ Reviewed and approved succession plans for the Chief Auditor. ◾ Monitored Internal Audit compliance with regulatory expectations. | |
Finance Function | ◾ Approved the Finance organizational framework and recommended Board approval of Finances financial plan and employee resources. ◾ Reviewed an independent assessment of the effectiveness of the Finance function. ◾ Reviewed the status of Finances progress against long term modernization objectives. ◾ Reviewed performance goals, assessed the effectiveness, and approved the mandate of and the succession plans for the Chief Financial Officer (CFO). | |
Whistleblower Procedures |
◾ Approved the Whistleblower Policy and Procedures. ◾ Reviewed managements quarterly Whistleblower Report. | |
Legal and Regulatory Developments | ◾ Received regular updates from the legal department on legal matters. ◾ Monitored regulatory developments, including updates from stakeholders on the effect of evolving regulatory expectations on CIBCs businesses, as well as regular briefings on the results of regulatory reviews and benchmarking. | |
Subsidiary Oversight | ◾ Acted as audit committee for certain federally regulated subsidiaries of CIBC. ◾ Reviewed the financial statements and management reports. ◾ Reviewed and discussed audit findings with EY and management. |
Members of the Committee are Mary Lou Maher (Chair), Michelle Collins, Nicholas Le Pan and Jane Peverett. Each Committee member is independent and financially literate as required by the NYSE and the CSA, and all members of the Committee are audit committee financial experts under the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules.
Oversight, Evaluation and Appointment of Independent Auditors
The Audit Committee is responsible for the appointment, oversight, compensation and retention of the independent auditors. As part of its oversight responsibilities, the Audit Committee conducts an annual assessment to determine whether the retention of EY as the independent auditor continues to be in our shareholders best interests, or whether to engage another independent public accounting firm as CIBCs independent auditor. In conducting this assessment, the Audit Committee considers EYs independence, audit quality, effectiveness and service quality. The Audit Committee also conducts a more comprehensive review every five years. The next comprehensive review is scheduled for 2025.
29 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Board Committee Reports
In conducting the assessment of EYs independence, the Audit Committee considered a number of factors including: (i) the limitations on non-audit services required by CIBCs Policy on the Scope of Services of the Shareholders Auditors and the fact that EY provides only limited services other than audit and audit-related services; (ii) reports from EY describing its compliance with its internal policies and procedures, for which the assessments include periodic internal and external reviews of its audit and other work, assessing the adequacy of partners and other personnel working on the CIBC audit; (iii) a formal written statement by EY describing all relationships between it and CIBC that may reasonably be thought to bear on independence as required by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) Rule 3526, if any, including confirmation that it can continue to act as the independent registered public accounting firm for CIBC; (iv) partner rotation for the lead audit partner at least every five years as well as key audit partners as required under independence standards; (v) managements procedures for addressing concerns related to the external auditors independence, if any; (vi) the robust regulatory framework in Canada and the United States; and (vii) the tenure of EY as CIBCs independent auditor.
In conducting the assessment of EYs audit quality, effectiveness and service quality, the Audit Committee considered a number factors including: (i) EYs objectivity and professional skepticism; (ii) the quality and experience of EYs engagement team; (iii) external reports on audit quality (PCAOB inspection reports and annual reports from CPAB); (iv) an annual assessment of the overall quality of the service provided, including considering trends observed in the annual assessment relative to the prior five year comprehensive review; (v) the benefit of the length of time EY has served in the role of independent auditor, including EYs capability and expertise in handling the breadth and complexity of CIBCs business, and EYs significant institutional knowledge and deep expertise of CIBCs accounting policies and practices and internal controls that enhance audit quality; (vi) the quality and candor of EYs communication with the Audit Committee; and (vii) EYs independence from CIBC as described above.
Based on the evaluation of the above factors, the Audit Committee concluded that they were satisfied with the audit quality, effectiveness and service quality of external audit services provided by EY for 2022 and that EY continues to be independent such that it is in the shareholders best interest for EY to continue to serve as CIBCs independent auditor. As a result, the Audit Committee has recommended to the Board, subject to shareholder approval, the re-appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as independent auditors of CIBC for 2023.
The Board recommends that Ernst & Young LLP be appointed by shareholders as auditors of CIBC until the close of the next annual meeting of shareholders.
Fees for services provided by external auditors
The fees EY billed for professional services for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021 are set out below.
Fees billed by EY |
||||
(unaudited, $ millions)
|
2022
|
2021
| ||
Audit fees(1) |
24.6 | 23.1 | ||
Audit related fees(2) |
2.2 | 2.3 | ||
Tax fees(3) |
1.9 | 1.3 | ||
Other(4) |
0 | 0 | ||
Total |
28.7
|
26.7
|
(1) | For the audit of CIBCs annual financial statements and the audit of certain of its subsidiaries, as well as other services normally provided by the principal auditor in connection with CIBCs statutory and regulatory filings. Audit fees also include the audit of internal controls over financial reporting under the standards of the PCAOB. |
(2) | For the assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of CIBCs financial statements, including accounting consultation, various agreed upon procedures and translation of financial reports. |
(3) | For tax compliance and advisory services. |
(4) | Includes fees for non-audit services. |
Pre-approval policy
The Audit Committee pre-approves work performed by CIBCs auditors. This approval process is explained in CIBCs Policy on the Scope of Services of the Shareholders Auditors which is described under Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures in CIBCs Annual Information Form dated November 30, 2022, and available at www.cibc.com.
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 30 |
Board Committee Reports
Report of the Corporate Governance Committee
The key responsibilities of the Corporate Governance Committee are to oversee (i) CIBCs corporate governance framework; (ii) CIBC Board and committee composition; (iii) evaluation of CIBCs Board, committees and director effectiveness; (iv) director orientation and continuing education; (v) CIBCs alignment with its purpose, ESG strategy and related reporting; and (vi) stakeholder engagement framework and matters relating to consumer protection, conduct and culture.
Responsibility
|
2022 Highlights
| |
Governance | ◾ Oversaw CIBCs stakeholder engagement process with shareholders, shareholder advocacy groups, proxy governance advisory firms and regulators to foster transparent relationships and discuss CIBCs governance practices and emerging trends. ◾ Reviewed governance regulatory developments, including CSA consultation on climate-related disclosure requirements; upcoming SEC proposals; and amendments to the Bank Act (Canada) to implement a Financial Consumer Protection Framework. ◾ Reviewed director compensation for CIBC, CIBC Bancorp USA Inc. and CIBC Bank USA; implemented increases in the equity component of retainers for CIBC directors and the Chair of the Board, effective November 1, 2022; and increased the equity ownership guideline. No changes were made to director compensation for the US boards. ◾ Reviewed and recommended Board approval of CIBCs Statement of Corporate Governance Practices, responses to shareholder proposals, and governance disclosure in CIBCs management proxy circular. ◾ Continued to focus on board governance and structure for CIBC Bancorp USA Inc. and CIBC Bank USA. ◾ Reviewed CIBCs Sustainability Report, including disclosure of ESG metrics and targets. ◾ Oversaw CIBCs ESG strategy and governance framework, related progress and fiscal 2022 climate-related announcements, and reviewed: - reports and disclosure on CIBCs ESG practices and performance; - reports to stay abreast of emerging trends, stakeholder perspectives, standards and best practices on ESG matters; and - reports on CIBCs community investment and giving strategy and activities.
| |
Board and Committee Composition | ◾ Reviewed the composition, size, and collective skills and experiences of the boards of CIBC, CIBC Bancorp USA Inc. and CIBC Bank USA. ◾ Reviewed and recommended Board approval of director nominees and determined their independence for service on the boards of CIBC, CIBC Bancorp USA Inc. and CIBC Bank USA. ◾ Reviewed and recommended Board approval of changes in committee composition based on principles that guide committee membership and committee chair succession to balance seasoned views with fresh perspectives while fostering diversity and ensuring the committees retain core skills and experiences among their members. ◾ Reviewed and approved changes to the Board Diversity Policy to change the Board gender diversity target from at least 30% women and at least 30% men to at least 40% women. ◾ Continued Board renewal activities with support from an external consultant; recruited a new director for appointment to the Board; and continued to focus on Board member inclusion and succession planning. ◾ Oversaw the evaluation of the effectiveness of the Board, committees, Chair of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) with the support of an independent external advisor, developed action plans and reviewed progress reports.
|
31 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Board Committee Reports
Board and Committee Effectiveness | ◾ Oversaw the administration of CIBCs Director Development Program and exceeded the Boards target of having at least 10% of time at Board and committee meetings dedicated to education. Refreshed the program to equip the Board with information to meet governance and fiduciary duties and foster robust debate on challenges and opportunities facing CIBC. ◾ Reviewed the effectiveness of management reports to the Board and committees and continued to enhance reporting to allow more time for meaningful discussion at meetings. | |
Conduct | ◾ Reviewed conduct and culture risk reports, including risk levels associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, employee wellbeing and the economic environment. ◾ Reviewed the administration of and adherence to CIBCs Code of Conduct by team members and the Board. ◾ Reviewed CIBCs Purpose Report on alignment of CIBCs purpose to related initiatives. ◾ Acted as the conduct review committee for CIBC and its federally regulated Canadian subsidiaries and, as such, reviewed reports on related parties and policies to foster compliance with the Bank Act (Canada) on related parties that may materially affect CIBC. ◾ Reviewed reports to support oversight of consumer protection provisions under the Bank Act (Canada) and continued engagement with the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada. ◾ Reviewed the effectiveness of CIBCs client complaint management processes and changes to improve client experience in resolving complaints. ◾ Reviewed annual report on the effectiveness of CIBCs global privacy management practices to resolve issues and mitigate risk in CIBC initiatives, as well as trends and regulatory developments. ◾ Reviewed and approved CIBCs statement on Human Rights: Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking. |
Members of the Committee are Jane Peverett (Chair), Nanci Caldwell, Nicholas Le Pan, Martine Turcotte and Barry Zubrow. All members of the Committee are independent.
Report of the Management Resources and Compensation Committee
The Committee is responsible for assisting the Board of Directors in their global oversight of CIBCs human capital strategy, including talent and total rewards, and the alignment with CIBCs strategy, risk appetite and controls.
The Chair of the Committee and the Chair of the Board have written a letter to shareholders about CIBCs approach to executive compensation, starting on page 55 of this Circular.
Responsibility
|
2022 Highlights
| |
Performance, Compensation, Employment Arrangements and Ownership | ◾ Reviewed, approved or recommended Board approval of the CEO, Executive Committees (EXCO) and other key officers fiscal 2022 goals and measures, compensation targets for the upcoming year, performance, and year-end compensation. ◾ Approved compensation for employees whose Total Direct Compensation (TDC) exceeds the materiality threshold determined by the Committee. ◾ Reviewed adherence to share ownership guidelines for executives and Managing Directors (MDs). ◾ Reviewed a report on executive and MD severances. ◾ Reviewed our Compensation investments. In fiscal 2022, we continued to invest off-cycle to improve market positioning, and we will continue our strategic journey in fiscal 2023 to progress entry level wage to $25.00 (in local currency) by the end of 2025 and maintain external market competitiveness. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 32 |
Board Committee Reports
Members of the Committee are Kevin Kelly (Chair), Nanci Caldwell, Luc Desjardins and Martine Turcotte. All members of the Committee are independent.
(1) | People Networks are the ten, employee-led groups that help inform our banks inclusion strategy. Together they engage more than 20,000 team members and include the CIBC Black Employee Network (CBEN), the CIBC Indigenous Employee Circle (IEC) and the CIBC Pride Network. |
33 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Board Committee Reports
Report of the Risk Management Committee
The primary function of the Risk Management Committee is to assist the Board of Directors in fulfilling its responsibilities for defining CIBCs risk appetite and overseeing CIBCs risk profile and performance against the defined risk appetite. The Committee is also responsible for overseeing the identification, measurement, monitoring and controlling of CIBCs principal business risks.
Responsibility
|
2022 Highlights
| |
Principal Business Risks |
◾ Reviewed and recommended Board approval of CIBCs risk appetite framework and risk appetite statement and approved CIBCs strategic business unit (SBU) and functional group risk appetite statements. This included how CIBCs risk appetite translates into actionable measures for CIBCs SBUs and functional groups, alignment with strategic plans, as well as enhancements to strengthen CIBCs Risk Management function to address evolving risks and regulatory frameworks. ◾ Held two education sessions (one Risk Management Committee and one joint session with the Audit Committee) covering the assessment of an independent third party review, Risk Management projects, Model Governance and Advanced Internal Rating-Based (AIRB). ◾ Reviewed Risk Managements assessment of year-end compensation recommendations. ◾ Reviewed and recommended Board approval of the capital plan and policy. ◾ Reviewed and approved refinements to various risk limits, funding, frameworks and policies, and associated compliance reporting, as well as CIBCs Recovery Planning. ◾ Monitored and reviewed reports on CIBCs risk profile, including managements assessment of information technology risk and governance activities. ◾ Monitored top risk themes, including pandemic related risks, environmental risk, tail risk events, information and cyber security, Canadian consumer debt and geopolitical developments. ◾ Reviewed managements self-assessment of the design and operating effectiveness of the risk assessment processes relative to new strategies, products or services. | |
Principal Business Risks | ◾ Reviewed presentations on the risks associated with operational resilience and third party risk management as well as various business activities including Simplii strategy, oil and gas portfolio, real estate secured lending, credit cards and personal lending, the commercial real estate and construction portfolio and regional reviews including UK and Asia Pacific regions and CIBC FirstCaribbean International Bank. ◾ Reviewed managements reports on stress testing relative to macro- economic conditions including stagflation (e.g., downside capital risks, stress contingent capital actions). ◾ Reviewed and approved certain lending commitments that exceeded managements lending authority. | |
Risk Management and Compliance Functions | ◾ Reviewed and recommended Board approval of the Risk Management financial plan and staff resources. ◾ Approved the Compliance departments Independent Oversight Activities and Compliance plan for fiscal 2023. ◾ Approved the Enterprise Anti-Money Laundering Groups examination plan for fiscal 2023. ◾ Reviewed succession plans, goals and assessments of effectiveness of the Chief Risk Officer, Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Anti-Money Laundering Officer. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 34 |
Board Committee Reports
Compliance | ◾ Continued to monitor global regulatory developments, guidance and compliance with regulatory requirements. ◾ Reviewed the Chief Compliance Officers quarterly reports on Compliance as well as the Enterprise Anti-Money Laundering Groups quarterly report and the Chief Anti-Money Laundering Officers annual report. |
Members of the Committee are Barry Zubrow (Chair), Ammar Aljoundi, Charles Brindamour and Christine Larsen. All members of the Committee are independent.
35 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Statement of Corporate Governance Practices
Good governance is the foundation of our business and underpins CIBCs purpose to help make your ambition a reality. CIBCs corporate governance framework guides the Board and management in fulfilling their responsibilities to CIBC and its stakeholders. As a recognized leader in corporate governance, we strive each year for continuous improvements to achieve excellence in governance. This statement of corporate governance practices was last reviewed and approved by the Board in February 2023.
The diagram below provides a snapshot of the relationships among the Board, management, shareholders, external auditors and regulators.
Read about key elements of our governance practices:
48 | CIBC Code of Conduct | |
49 | Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) | |
53 | Subsidiary Governance | |
53 | Stakeholder Engagement |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 36 |
Statement of Corporate Governance Practices
1. | Governance Structure |
At the foundation of CIBCs governance structure are knowledgeable, independent and experienced directors. Documenting clear roles and responsibilities for the Board and its committees helps the Board supervise the management of CIBCs business and affairs. Every year, the Board considers for approval, changes to the mandates of the Board of Directors, Chair of the Board, Board Committees and a Board Committee Chair. |
Find Mandates of the Board, Chair of the Board, Board Committees and Board Committee Chairs at www.cibc.com or www.sedar.com.
|
2. | Board Composition |
The composition of the Board and its committees is affected by legal requirements, CIBCs strategic priorities and the annual Board evaluation process.
Legal requirements The Board complies with legal and regulatory requirements on the qualifications, number, affiliation, residency and expertise of directors. These requirements come from the Bank Act (Canada), securities law, and stock exchanges that list CIBC shares.
Board size The Corporate Governance Committee reviews Board size and composition annually. The Committee considers changes in legal requirements, best practices, the skills and experiences required to enhance the Boards effectiveness and the number of directors needed to discharge the duties of the Board and its committees effectively. If each director nominee is elected at CIBCs 2023 annual meeting, the size of the Board will be 13 directors.
Director skill set and competency matrix The Corporate Governance Committee assesses the skills and experiences of Board members and reviews the composition of the Board and its committees annually using a competency matrix. The matrix lists desired skills and experiences under broad categories such as leadership, functional capabilities, market knowledge and board experience. The Corporate Governance Committee reviews the matrix regularly to verify that it reflects the Boards current and long-term needs, as well as CIBCs strategic priorities. Each Board member self-assesses their skills and experiences identified in the matrix. The Corporate Governance Committee uses the results to help identify gaps in the Boards collective skill set, promote continuing education and support succession planning for committee membership. The Board strives to reflect CIBCs workforce as well as the clients and communities CIBC serves. As outlined in the Inclusion section beginning on page 47, the Corporate Governance Committee also considers CIBCs Board Diversity Policy when assessing each new director candidate to the Board. Mr. Morneau was appointed to the Board on November 1, 2022, and he brings extensive experience in government, public policy and business. There are no new director nominees for election at our annual meeting on April 4, 2023.
Information on the skills and experience of our director nominees in areas the Board considers important to CIBC is on page 24 of the 2023 Management Proxy Circular (the Circular).
3. | Board Responsibilities |
The Board is responsible for supervising the management of CIBCs business and affairs. The Mandate of the Board of Directors is incorporated into this document for reference. The Boards key responsibilities are outlined below.
Culture of integrity The Board oversees CIBCs Code of Conduct and is responsible for satisfying itself about the culture of integrity throughout CIBC.
Strategic planning The Board reviews and approves CIBCs strategic, financial and capital plans, and monitors their effectiveness. In carrying out these responsibilities, the Board considers CIBCs purpose, Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) strategy, risk appetite, risk profile, capital and liquidity levels, emerging trends and the competitive environment.
Risk management The Board approves CIBCs risk appetite statement and, with support from the Risk Management Committee, oversees CIBCs risk profile and processes to identify, measure, monitor and mitigate CIBCs principal business risks.
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Internal control The Board approves CIBCs control framework. With support from the Risk Management Committee and the Audit Committee, the Board oversees and monitors the integrity and effectiveness of CIBCs internal controls over financial reporting, system of internal control, and compliance with legal, regulatory, accounting and, financial reporting requirements.
Human resources management With support from the Management Resources and Compensation Committee, the Board oversees CIBCs human capital strategy, including talent and total rewards, and the alignment with CIBCs strategy, risk appetite and controls.
Corporate governance With support from the Corporate Governance Committee, the Board establishes standards which allow the Board to function independently from management and Board policies that set expectations and responsibilities of directors to contribute effectively to the Boards operations.
Communications and disclosure The Board reviews and monitors the effectiveness of CIBCs communication framework, processes for maintaining effective stakeholder relationships and measures for receiving feedback from stakeholders.
4. | Director Independence |
Director independence is an important part of how the Board satisfies its duty to supervise the management of CIBCs business and affairs. The Board considers regulatory requirements, best practices and good judgment to define independence. In addition, the Board applies independence standards, which have tests to assess a directors independence, as well as a description of relationships between CIBC and a director that would not affect a directors independence. The Board and its committees promote independence by: |
All director nominees are independent except Victor Dodig, President and CEO of CIBC.
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◾ | reviewing the impact of any board interlocks (where two or more CIBC directors are on the board of another public company); |
◾ | retaining advisors when needed for independent advice and counsel; |
◾ | conducting regular in camera sessions of the Board and its committees without the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) or any other member of management; |
◾ | adhering to CIBCs Director Tenure Policy and tenure limits (see Director Tenure on page 42); |
◾ | determining whether directors have a material interest in a transaction; and |
◾ | appointing an independent Chair of the Board to oversee the Boards operations and decision-making. |
Independence standards
The Board independence standards require a substantial majority of its directors to be independent. A director is considered independent only where the Board affirmatively determines that the director has no material relationship with CIBC, including as a partner, shareholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with CIBC. A material relationship is a relationship that could, in the view of the Board, be reasonably expected to interfere with the exercise of a directors independent judgment and includes an indirect material relationship. In determining whether a director is independent, the Board applies standards that incorporate the Affiliated Persons (Banks) Regulations, the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) corporate governance rules, Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) corporate governance guidelines and the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) (Canada) Corporate Governance Guideline provisions. The Board determines the independence of a director when the Board approves director nominees to be named in the Circular and at other times if necessary or desirable. For example, if a director joins the Board mid-year, the Board makes a determination on the new directors independence at that time. The Board bases its determination of independence primarily on questionnaires completed by each director nominee.
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All members of the Audit Committee, Corporate Governance Committee, Management Resources and Compensation Committee and Risk Management Committee must be independent. Audit Committee members must satisfy additional independence standards under the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Management Resources and Compensation Committee members voluntarily adopted additional independence standards under the NYSE rules.
Immaterial relationships
The Board has identified immaterial relationships that do not affect a directors independence (unless the Board decides otherwise based on a directors circumstances). These immaterial relationships include:
◾ | routine banking services where a director, their immediate family members or entities they control, receive personal banking services, loans and other financial services in the ordinary course of business from CIBC or one of its subsidiaries as long as the services are on market terms, comply with applicable laws and do not exceed the monetary thresholds in the Boards independence standards; and |
◾ | the employment of an immediate family member of a director with CIBC or a subsidiary (provided the immediate family member is not the directors spouse or an executive officer of CIBC or a subsidiary) and as long as the compensation and benefits received by the family member were established by CIBC in accordance with policies and practices that apply to CIBC employees in comparable positions. |
Outside board memberships
The Board does not limit the number of public companies on which a director may serve, but has strong expectations of Board members in managing time demands and increasing Board responsibilities. The Board recognizes that some directors have the time and ability to maintain the focus and commitment expected at CIBCs Board and committee meetings as well as other public companies. The Board also recognizes that multiple public company board service enhances a directors breadth and depth of experience and provides another means of staying abreast of topical issues, trends, governance practices and the evolving regulatory environment. |
A director is required to obtain approval from the Chair of the Board before joining a new public company board.
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The Corporate Governance Committee believes it is important for directors to balance the insights gained from their roles on other boards (including as CEO) with the ability to prepare for, attend and participate effectively in their CIBC Board and committee meetings. As a result, the Committee monitors director performance to make sure directors continue to have the time and commitment to fulfill their obligations to CIBCs Board. The Committee considers many factors when assessing director performance, including meeting attendance; individual contributions at meetings; results of the annual Board effectiveness evaluation; the role of the director on other boards; the time demands of outside activities; the industry, size, location and financial cycle of other public companies a director serves; and peer review feedback from one-on-one meetings between the Chair of the Board and each Board member. The Committee monitors the overboarding policies of proxy governance advisory firms and institutional shareholders, which have different numerical limits on the number of boards a director may serve. However, the Committee believes that monitoring director performance is more effective than setting a numerical limit on public company service.
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Board interlocks
An interlock occurs when two or more CIBC directors are on the board of another public company. The Board does not restrict board interlocks but recognizes that it is important for directors to remain impartial and independent even if they have a common board membership. There are no interlocking board memberships among CIBCs director nominees.
Service on other public company audit committees
No member of CIBCs Audit Committee may be on the audit committee of more than two other public companies unless the Board determines that this simultaneous service does not impair the ability of the member to be effective on CIBCs Audit Committee.
The Corporate Governance Committee reviews service on multiple audit committees as part of its assessment of a directors performance by looking at the annual Board effectiveness evaluation; questionnaires completed by the directors each year to assess financial literacy; qualifications to be designated as an audit committee financial expert; time demands on the director; and the directors background and related experience.
No member of CIBCs Audit Committee is on the audit committee of more than two other public companies.
In camera sessions
The Board and each of its committees set aside time for in camera sessions at their meetings to have open and candid discussion without the CEO or other members of management. The sessions are led by the Chair of the Board at Board meetings and the chair of each committee at committee meetings.
Conflicts of interest
To promote the Boards independent decision-making, CIBC has a process in place to identify and deal with director conflicts of interest. If directors or executive officers have an interest in a material transaction or agreement with CIBC that is being considered by the Board or a Board committee, they: 1) disclose that interest; 2) leave the meeting during Board or committee discussion; and 3) do not vote on the matter.
Independent Chair of the Board
The Chair of the Board meets the Boards independence standards and the additional independence standards for the Audit Committee and the Management Resources and Compensation Committee. The Board believes that the Chairs independence is important for leading the Board in carrying out its duties.
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5. | Director Nomination Process |
Nominating a new candidate for election
The Corporate Governance Committee oversees Board renewal and is responsible for recommending director candidates. The Committee creates a candidate profile outlining the desired skills and experiences that will deepen the Boards collective knowledge and support CIBCs strategic priorities. The Committee also considers the degree to which the Board reflects CIBCs workforce and the clients and communities that CIBC serves to ensure a range of varied perspectives. The Committee might use an external recruitment firm to identify potential candidates who meet the desired profile. The Committee also maintains a list of potential director candidates which includes recommendations from Board members, shareholders, clients and employees. Once the best candidates are identified, the Chair of the Board, Chair of the Corporate Governance Committee and other Board members meet with each candidate to discuss the candidates background, skills, experiences and ability to devote the time and commitment required to be on CIBCs Board. The Corporate Governance Committee looks at each candidates integrity and suitability by obtaining references, verifying educational background, conducting a security check and assessing any potential conflicts, independence concerns or other issues.
There are mechanisms for shareholders and others to recommend director candidates:
◾ | Under the Bank Act (Canada), shareholders may propose a director nominee to be included in CIBCs proxy circular, provided they hold 5% of CIBCs outstanding common shares. |
◾ | Under CIBCs Proxy Access Policy, qualifying shareholders may submit director nominations to be included in CIBCs proxy circular. This policy is aligned with the approach to proxy access in the United States, except where Canadian law requires CIBC to comply with different requirements on share ownership. The policy is available at www.cibc.com. |
◾ | A shareholder, client, employee or any other stakeholder may contact the Chair of the Board at any time to recommend director candidates. The Chair of the Board would then ask the Corporate Governance Committee to review the recommendation and report on the outcome of that review to the stakeholder. |
Nominating an existing director for re-election
Before recommending an existing director for re-election to the Board, the Corporate Governance Committee reviews the directors:
◾ | continuing integrity and suitability; |
◾ | overall performance and capability to contribute effectively to the Board and its oversight responsibilities; |
◾ | compliance with CIBCs Code of Conduct; |
◾ | attendance at regularly scheduled Board and committee meetings; and |
◾ | tenure on the Board. |
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6. | Director Tenure |
CIBC has a Director Tenure Policy which outlines factors that affect a directors tenure.
Term limits
Directors are elected by shareholders for a one-year term that expires at the next annual meeting. Under CIBCs Director Tenure Policy, the maximum period of time a director can be on CIBCs Board is the earlier of 15 years after joining the Board or 75 years of age. A director would not stand for re-election at the annual meeting following |
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that event. The Corporate Governance Committee might recommend a director for re-election after the expiry of their maximum term if it is in the best interests of CIBC to do so. In addition, the Board Chair may serve a five-year term after initial appointment as Chair of the Board, regardless of age or number of years served as a director.
The Board believes that term limits help create a balance between the fresh perspective of a new director and the experience of a seasoned director. This chart shows the amount of time that the director nominees for election at the 2023 annual meeting have served on CIBCs Board. The average tenure of the director nominees is seven years. |
Resignation of a director
The Director Tenure Policy requires a director to provide notice of resignation to the Chair of the Board in certain circumstances, including:
◾ | the director no longer satisfies the director qualification requirements under applicable law; |
◾ | there is a material change in the status of the directors employment; |
◾ | the director accepts a role with a company or organization which could have a material conflict with CIBC; |
◾ | the director, or a company controlled by the director, causes CIBC to incur an irrecoverable loss; or |
◾ | the director becomes aware that personal circumstances might have an adverse impact on the reputation of CIBC. |
The Corporate Governance Committee makes a recommendation to the Board on whether to accept a resignation. The director who tenders a resignation does not take part in the decision-making process.
Majority voting
In an uncontested election where shareholders are asked to vote on the election of a director, a director nominee who receives a greater number of shareholder votes that are withheld than for will immediately tender their resignation to the Board. An uncontested election means an election where the number of nominees for director equals the number of directors to be elected. The Corporate Governance Committee will recommend that the Board accept the resignation absent exceptional circumstances. The Board will make its decision within 90 days after the election and issue a press release either announcing the resignation or |
You can find our majority Voting Policy at www.cibc.com.
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explaining why it was not accepted. The director who tendered the resignation will not take part in the decision-making process. |
Meeting attendance record
Regular Board and committee meetings are set about four years in advance. Special meetings are scheduled when required. A director is encouraged to attend all meetings and expected to attend at least 75% of all regularly scheduled Board and committee meetings, except where the Corporate Governance Committee determines that personal circumstances beyond the directors control prevent the director from doing so. This standard is not applied to attendance at special Board or committee meetings which are called on short notice.
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During fiscal 2022, directors attended 100% of regular Board and committee meetings. See pages 10 to 23 of the Circular for information on Board and committee meeting attendance.
Former Chief Executive Officer
Under the Director Tenure Policy, the CEO would not be re-elected as a director after ceasing to act as CEO. However, the Corporate Governance Committee may recommend that a former CEO be re-elected as a director if in the best interests of CIBC to do so.
7. | Annual Board Evaluation Process |
The Corporate Governance Committee oversees the annual evaluation of the performance and effectiveness of the Board, its committees, the CEO and individual directors. An external advisor conducts the evaluation to encourage candid feedback, maintain confidentiality and promote objectivity. The external advisor also provides information on the corporate governance practices and board processes of other public companies.
The evaluation includes:
◾ a survey completed by each director;
◾ a survey completed by senior executives on the performance of the CEO, the Board and the Board committees they support; and
◾ individual one-on-one meetings between each director and the Chair of the Board. |
Every director participates in an annual self-assessment and peer review process.
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The surveys ask questions about the effectiveness of the Board and committees in addressing areas of focus in the current year, what was done well and what could be done better. The topics covered by the survey are Board leadership; the Board and CEO relationship; talent management and succession planning; strategy; compliance; risk management; ESG oversight; stakeholder engagement; tone at the top; culture; Board structure, size and processes; director development; and board and committee composition and operations. The survey also asks for input on areas of focus for the coming year.
One-on-one meetings between each director and the Chair of the Board provide an opportunity for open discussion about the contributions of the director and other fellow board members to the Board and its committees, what the Board and committees could do better, other responsibilities the director might be interested in, and other comments or recommendations the director might have about the operation and performance of the Board. The Chair of the Board reports to the Corporate Governance Committee on broad themes from these meetings and uses peer feedback to review individual director performance, identify opportunities for individual director development, and succession planning for the Board and committees.
The Corporate Governance Committee reviews the performance of the Chair of the Board each year and the Chair of the Corporate Governance Committee provides director feedback to the Chair of the Board.
The evaluation process helps identify opportunities for continuing Board and director development and forms the basis of action plans for improving the Boards operations. The Board and Board committees monitor progress against their action plans.
8. | The Chief Executive Officer |
The CEO leads the management of CIBCs business and affairs. In carrying out this responsibility, the CEO is responsible for duties relating to CIBCs vision and values; strategy and operational direction; risk governance and internal control; financial information; human resources management; and effective communication with shareholders, clients, employees, regulators and other stakeholders.
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9. | The Chair of the Board |
The Chair of the Board is responsible for providing effective leadership of the Board, facilitating the operations and deliberations of the Board and overseeing the satisfaction of the Boards mandate. In carrying out these responsibilities, the Chair of the Board presides over Board and shareholder meetings; leads director development; leads the Board in overseeing the development of CIBCs strategic plan; coordinates execution of the Boards mandate and action plans; and communicates with shareholders, clients, employees, regulators and other stakeholders.
10. | Board Committees |
The Board has four committees. All committee members are independent. In determining committee membership, the Board tries to strike a balance between having members with the right experience and expertise on the committee and rotating membership to bring new ideas and insights.
Board committee succession planning
CIBC has a succession planning and selection process for Board committee membership. Each year, the Corporate Governance Committee reviews a succession plan, a committee chairs tenure, and proposed committee member rotations. The Committee is guided by principles it established that promote fresh perspectives, draw on the experience of existing members, foster diversity and retain core skills required to support a committees mandate. Proposed changes are recommended by the Committee to the Board for approval.
The Board approved the committee composition set out below, provided the director nominees listed in the Circular are elected by shareholders at CIBCs 2023 annual meeting.
Audit Committee | Corporate Governance Committee |
Management Resources and Compensation Committee |
Risk Management Committee | |||
Mary Lou Maher (Chair) | Nanci Caldwell (Chair) | Kevin Kelly (Chair) | Barry Zubrow (Chair) | |||
Michelle Collins | Luc Desjardins | Nanci Caldwell | Ammar Aljoundi | |||
Martine Turcotte | Martine Turcotte | Luc Desjardins | Charles Brindamour | |||
Barry Zubrow | Christine Larsen | William Morneau |
Board committee responsibilities
The Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing the integrity of CIBCs financial statements, related managements discussion and analysis and internal control over financial reporting; monitoring the system of internal control; overseeing processes and controls around ESG disclosure in the Annual Report and Sustainability Report; monitoring CIBCs compliance with legal and regulatory requirements as they pertain to responsibilities under the Audit Committee Mandate; selecting the external auditors for shareholder approval; reviewing the qualifications, independence and service quality of the external auditors and the performance of CIBCs internal auditors; and acting as the audit committee for certain federally regulated subsidiaries. The Audit Committee also oversees succession planning for the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and the Chief Auditor. The Audit Committee meets regularly with the external auditors, the CFO and the Chief Auditor. All Committee members are audit committee financial experts under the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules.
The Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for overseeing CIBCs corporate governance framework; Board and committee composition; evaluation of Board committees and director effectiveness; director orientation and continuing education; CIBCs ESG strategy, sustainability reporting, stakeholder engagement framework; and matters relating to consumer protection, and conduct and culture.
The Management Resources and Compensation Committee is responsible for assisting the Board of Directors in their global oversight of CIBCs human capital strategy, including talent and total rewards, and the alignment with CIBCs strategy, risk appetite and controls. The Committee reviews and approves CIBCs compensation philosophy, methodology and governance; recommends Board approval of annual incentive compensation funding; has duties relating to CIBCs pension funds; and oversees the
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preparation of the compensation related disclosure in the Circular. The Committee reviews, approves or recommends Board approval of employment arrangements, goals and measures, performance, compensation, and succession plans for the CEO, Executive Committee members and other key officers. The Committee reviews CIBCs human capital strategy, organization culture, and their alignment with CIBCs strategy, which includes inclusion and diversity, employee health, safety and wellbeing and other ESG practices related to its mandate.
The Risk Management Committee is responsible for assisting the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities for defining CIBCs risk appetite and overseeing CIBCs risk profile and performance against the defined risk appetite; overseeing the identification, measurement, monitoring and mitigation of CIBCs principal business risks (including those impacting capital, liquidity, technology and information security); reviewing and approving key frameworks, policies and risk limits established to control CIBCs exposures to its principal risks; and overseeing CIBCs Risk Management function. The Risk Management Committee also provides input to the Management Resources and Compensation Committee on risk-related aspects of executive compensation decisions and oversees succession planning for the Chief Risk Officer (CRO), Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Anti-Money Laundering Officer.
11. | Board Access to Independent Advisors and Management |
To assist the Chair of the Board, the Board and the Board committees in satisfying their responsibilities and to foster their independence, they may retain independent advisors and set their compensation without consulting or obtaining approval of management. The Chair of the Board, the Board and the Board committees also have unrestricted access to management and employees of CIBC, as well as the external auditors. The Management Resources and Compensation Committee has an independent compensation advisor that reports directly to the Committee. The Audit Committee and Risk Management Committee retain an independent advisor periodically to review the effectiveness of Internal Audit, Finance, Compliance and Risk Management. The Corporate Governance Committee retains an independent advisor periodically to review director compensation policy and practices.
12. | Director Orientation and Continuing Education |
CIBCs Director Development Program provides continuing education to Board members. The program has two components: 1) orientation to help new directors become fully engaged as quickly as possible; and 2) continuing education to help directors understand new and emerging governance practices and regulatory developments related to the directors Board and committee responsibilities.
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The Board exceeded its target of dedicating 10% of meeting time to director education.
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New director orientation
CIBC has an orientation program for new directors which consists of written materials and orientation events. There is a director orientation manual that includes Board policies and procedures; CIBCs by-law and organizational structure; CIBCs strategic, financial and capital plans; the most recent annual and quarterly financial reports; and a summary of key business issues. In addition, a new director has separate one-on-one meetings with the Chair of the Board, the CEO and members of management. Management also hosts tours of CIBC businesses and operations. When a new director is appointed to a committee, the chair of that committee arranges orientation sessions about the committees mandate. To help a new director better understand the role of the Board and its committees and the commitment expected of a director, the Chair of the Board arranges for another Board member to act as mentor.
Continuing director education
During fiscal 2022, the Board exceeded its target of dedicating 10% of meeting time to director education. The Chair of the Board is responsible for coordinating director education at the Board level. Each Board committee chair is responsible for coordinating director education at the committee level. Directors identify continuing education topics in many ways at Board and committee meetings, in the annual board performance evaluations and through regular feedback to the Chair of the Board and committee chairs. Committee education sessions are open to all Board members.
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During fiscal 2022, directors participated in a variety of education sessions.
Attended | Session | Date | ||
Board |
◾ Payments
◾ Investor Community Perspective on CIBC
◾ ESG Challenges and Opportunities for CIBC
◾ Employee Listening(1)
◾ Operational Resilience and Crisis Management
◾ Management of Cybersecurity
◾ Board Oversight of US Region Growth
◾ Quantum Computing
◾ Open Banking
◾ New Laws and Regulatory Developments
◾ Energy Transition
◾ The World Economy to 2030
◾ Perspectives on Market - Perspectives on Fintech |
December 2021
December 2021
March 2022
April 2022
May 2022
May 2022
August 2022
August 2022
August 2022
August 2022
October 2022
October 2022
October 2022 | ||
Audit Committee |
◾ Update on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 17
◾ Update on IBOR (Interbank Offered Rates)
◾ Emerging Audit Issues
◾ Control Environment Update
◾ Finance Priorities Update
◾ Update on the Internal Audit Continuous Monitoring Program |
February 2022
February 2022
February 2022
March and August 2022
April 2022
April 2022 | ||
Corporate Governance Committee |
◾ Quarterly Governance Update
◾ Report on Business Governance Ranking |
December 2021, March 2022,
May 2022 and August 2022
December 2021 | ||
Management |
◾ Stakeholder Engagement Update
◾ Regulatory Update
◾ Pay Equity & Pay Transparency
◾ Market Pay and Performance Trends |
December 2021, March 2022,
May 2022 and August 2022
March and October 2022
August 2022
October 2022 | ||
Joint Audit Committee and Risk Management |
◾ Anti-Money Laundering ◾ Finance Modernization |
November 2021
November 2021 |
(1) | Board members participated in employee listening exercises to learn the personal perspectives of employee representatives from specific CIBC People Networks: the Indigenous Employee Circle, the Black Employee Network, the South and East Asian Networks, the Pride Network, the International Professionals Network, the Womens Network and the WorkAbility Network. |
In 2022, the Board established a year long view director development program that equips the Board with information to meet its governance and fiduciary duties, and to foster robust debate on challenges and opportunities facing CIBC as CIBC continues to execute its corporate strategy. The program allows for unanticipated topics to be scheduled. The Board also encourages each director to participate in individual learning. CIBC pays the cost of all director continuing education relating to CIBC.
13. | Director Compensation |
CIBCs director compensation program is designed to attract and retain people with the skills and experience to act as directors of CIBC. The Corporate Governance Committee reviews director compensation annually to make sure it aligns with the interests of CIBC shareholders, is competitive with the market and reflects best practices. The Corporate Governance Committee also reviews the workload, time commitment and responsibility of Board members. The Corporate Governance Committee may use an external advisor for advice on its director compensation policy and practices.
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14. | Executive Compensation |
The Management Resources and Compensation Committee oversees performance evaluation and compensation for the CEO, Executive Committee members and other key officers. When making incentive compensation decisions, the Management Resources and Compensation Committee looks at several factors, which include:
◾ | CIBCs financial performance and sustainability of earnings; |
◾ | client experience results; |
◾ | ESG metrics, including, progress on sustainable finance and alignment with inclusion and diversity goals; and |
◾ | qualitative considerations, such as our performance compared to peers, and individual performance against goals approved by the Board or Committee with a focus on strategy execution. |
The Management Resources and Compensation Committee considers input from the CFO, CRO, Chief Legal Officer (CLO) and Executive Vice-President (EVP), Purpose, Brand and Corporate Affairs at a joint meeting with the Risk Management Committee where it reviews the alignment of compensation with business performance and risk, and recommends Board approval of aggregate annual incentive compensation and allocations to strategic business units and the functional groups. The Management Resources and Compensation Committee recommends for Board approval the annual incentive targets and individual compensation amounts for the CEO, Executive Committee (EXCO) members and other key officers, and approves compensation for any individual whose total compensation is above a certain materiality threshold.
15. | Inclusion |
At CIBC, our goal is to create teams that reflect the clients and communities we serve with leaders who promote belonging and leverage the unique experiences of each team member. As a result, the Board strives to reflect CIBCs workforce as well as the clients and communities CIBC serves. CIBCs Board Diversity Policy outlines the Boards process for board renewal, which seeks the best director candidates with the desired complement of skills, expertise, experience and perspectives to fulfill the Boards obligations and oversee CIBCs strategic priorities effectively. |
CIBC was named the leading company in Canada for gender equality in Equileaps fifth annual Gender Equality Global Report & Ranking.
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On women, the Board seeks to achieve gender parity and has set a target to have at least 40% women on the Board.
The Board also seeks to increase the degree to which its directors reflect CIBCs workforce and the clients and communities CIBC serves, while ensuring the collective skills, expertise and experiences of Board members address regulatory requirements, including appropriate representation of financial industry and risk management expertise.
Given the number of directors, the Board has not set specific targets for people of colour, Indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities and members of the LGBTQ+ community. The Corporate Governance Committee ensures that CIBCs Board renewal process (and the mandate of any external firm engaged to support Board renewal) includes director candidates from these communities in the pool of prospects and the short-list from which the Corporate Governance Committee identifies potential director candidates.
To assess progress against these objectives, directors voluntarily provide self-identification data to the Corporate Governance Committee annually.
For more information, see Inclusion on page 72 of the Circular, CIBCs webpage at www.cibc.com/inclusion and CIBCs 2022 Sustainability Report at www.cibc.com.
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16. | Talent Management and Succession Planning |
CIBC is committed to developing employees at all levels of the organization and ensuring that our workforce reflects the markets where we do business.
The Management Resources and Compensation Committee and the Board review regular updates on the progress of our talent strategy and the strength of our pipeline of future leaders. At least once a year, the Committee and the Board review succession plans for the CEO and Executive Committee members across various time frames to ensure that management and the Board have choices when appointing talent in key roles. The Committee and management discuss talent deeper in the pipeline with potential over a longer horizon to develop into senior roles in the organization.
The Management Resources and Compensation Committee also reviews the succession plans for positions identified as other key officer and critical roles; the Audit Committee reviews the succession plans of the CFO and Chief Auditor; and the Risk Management Committee reviews the succession plans of the CRO, Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Anti-Money Laundering Officer.
17. | CIBC Code of Conduct |
The Code of Conduct (Code) is an important reference point in our culture and it also lays out the standards we have in place for how team members should behave and treat our clients, communities and fellow team members. The Code sets out underlying policies that guide our actions and are foundational to our purpose-led and inclusive culture as we grow in a sustainable way. This includes leading with courage and authenticity to speak up if something does not seem right and to feel confident that concerns will be addressed appropriately. The Code applies to our team members employees, contingent workers and members of the Board of Directors of CIBC and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
The Code sets out the following principles for how we behave:
◾ | We act with honesty and integrity. |
◾ | We ensure a respectful and safe workplace. |
◾ | We identify and avoid conflicts. |
◾ | We serve our clients, action our ESG commitments, and protect our brand and investors. |
◾ | We safeguard information of our clients and team members, and we protect other CIBC assets. |
◾ | We cooperate with investigations and report behaviour that is inconsistent with the Code. |
There is a training program on the Code and every year all team members must attest that they have read, understood and will always follow the Code.
All CIBC team members globally are required to speak up when they become aware of activities that they believe are inconsistent with the Code, or that might be damaging to CIBC or our stakeholders. There is no retaliation for speaking up. To support a safe culture of speaking up, CIBC has a dedicated channel where team members, as well as third parties, such as CIBC suppliers, clients or third parties who sell or offer a CIBC product or service, can report questionable or unethical conduct anonymously without fear of repercussions. CIBCs Whistleblower Program has a web portal and phone hotline that is a confidential service operated by an independent company, and can be accessed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, in multiple languages (upon request). No identifying information (such as whistleblowers name or telephone number, IP address, etc.) is available to the service provider unless explicitly provided by the whistleblower. For hotline phone calls, CIBC receives a written transcript only. While calls may be monitored by the service provider for quality control or training purposes, they are not recorded. Team members can also report concerns to our Human Resources/Employee Relations team, Corporate Security or a Board member.
Changes to the Code are reviewed by the Board for approval. Legal requirements provide that CIBCs Board of Directors must approve waivers for Board members and certain executive officers, and publicly disclose any waivers. No waiver has been approved by the Board to date.
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Statement of Corporate Governance Practices
18. | Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) |
Inspired by our purpose to help make your ambition a reality, we have made sustainability an essential component of our strategy development, planning and execution, focusing on ESG matters of importance to CIBC and our stakeholders.
At CIBC, all team members play a role in delivering on our ESG commitments. To drive accountability and support integration across the enterprise, we have defined responsibility for ESG from the Board of Directors down to those responsible for day-to-day execution. |
Find CIBCs Sustainability Report at https://www.cibc.com/en/about-cibc/ corporate-responsibility.html.
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In 2022, CIBC continued to enhance our ESG governance framework, to further embed ESG into business strategies, operations, and decision-making processes across the enterprise. Key actions included:
◾ | Delivered our ESG Director Development program, including on topics such as climate change, energy transition, and emerging regulations, which was also expanded to select regional and subsidiary Boards in our global operations, incorporating local, regulatory and business-specific considerations. |
◾ | Continued to strengthen executive management of our ESG activities, including implementing a new ESG Disclosure Review Framework, whereby major ESG disclosures are reviewed by both our Senior Executive ESG Council and Disclosure Committee, ensuring proper processes and controls for ESG disclosures. |
◾ | Updated our CEO and executive management performance measures, and ESG Index metrics, which are linked to variable compensation for all executives globally and the majority (approximately 85%) of our team members, to drive progress on our ESG priorities, and keep pace with evolving stakeholder priorities. See page 68 for more information on how we embed ESG into performance. |
These actions build on existing tenets of our ESG philosophy, which as a relationship-focused bank, includes being responsive to our stakeholders through direct engagement. To this end, in 2022 we:
◾ | Held a dedicated ESG Investor Session with institutional investors, to discuss our plans and priorities, and seek feedback on the progress made on our ESG strategy. |
◾ | Held 152 meetings with institutional investors to listen to their feedback on our governance practices, and the interconnectivity between ESG and our strategy. |
Recognizing the important oversight role that our Board of Directors plays in our ESG journey, in 2022, we also took key actions to further define ESG-related responsibilities amidst an evolving landscape by updating Board and Board committee mandates, while also strengthening knowledge of ESG topics most relevant to our Bank through both director education and regular reporting.
The Corporate Governance Committee has oversight of the overall ESG strategy, related disclosure, and ESG governance framework, which includes CIBCs approach to operating in an ethical, socially responsible and environmentally conscious manner. This oversight includes reviewing key themes of CIBCs 2022 Sustainability Report; Code of Conduct; complaint-handling policies and procedures; privacy matters; donations and community investments; our stakeholder engagement practices, and CIBCs Modern Slavery Statement.
Other Board committees execute on components of CIBCs ESG strategy based on their specific mandates.
The Management Resources and Compensation Committee has oversight of CIBCs human capital strategy, including compensation and alignment with CIBCs strategy. The Committee also oversees assessing alignment of ESG performance goals with compensation based on the ESG Index as part of our Business Performance Factor (BPF). This Committee also approves individual goals and measures for the CEO and Executive Committee members. These goals incorporate metrics for inclusion and diversity as well as environmental performance which are then incorporated into the goals and measures of other executives and team members across CIBC.
The Risk Management Committee reviews and approves CIBCs frameworks and policies on the identification and control of a variety of risks. This review includes CIBCs Reputation Risk Management Framework, CIBCs principal business risks with an ESG impact, such as climate-sensitive risk exposures, and risk appetite statements and/or credit concentrations for clients within industries with certain ratings related to climate exposure.
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The Audit Committee oversees the establishment and maintenance by management of a system of processes and controls to ensure the integrity, accuracy and reliability of data to support the quality of ESG information disclosed in the Annual Report, related Managements Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) and consolidated financial statements, as well as the Sustainability Report. As part of this oversight responsibility, this year the committee considered the appropriateness and accuracy of disclosures.
Governance Body | Summary of Responsibilities | 2022 Activities Related to ESG | ||
Board of Directors | Oversight responsibilities include: managements creation of a culture of integrity; CIBCs strategic plan having regard to CIBCs purpose, risk appetite, risk profile, capital and liquidity levels, emerging trends and the competitive environment; CIBCs risk profile and internal control; CIBCs human capital strategy; and stakeholder communications. |
Reviewed initiatives supporting CIBCs ESG strategy and net-zero ambition such as our 2030 financed emissions targets for our oil and gas and power generation portfolios.
Approved CIBCs 2023 Code of Conduct, responses to shareholder proposals on ESG matters and governance disclosure in CIBCs management proxy circular.
Assessed progress on CIBCs ESG metrics.
Oversaw the alignment of our corporate strategy with our purpose.
Received insights on market trends related to energy transition. | ||
Corporate Governance Committee |
Oversight responsibilities include: CIBCs corporate governance framework; CIBCs alignment with its purpose; CIBCs ESG strategy and governance framework; stakeholder engagement framework; matters relating to conduct and culture; and consumer protection. | Oversaw CIBCs ESG strategy and follow-up activities to support our ESG strategy.
Received reports and disclosure on CIBCs ESG practices and performance.
Stayed abreast of emerging trends, stakeholder perspectives, standards and best practices on ESG matters through regular reporting.
Reviewed reports on CIBCs community investment and giving strategy and activities.
Reviewed reports on adherence to the Code of Conduct, conduct and culture risk and related regulatory developments.
Received a report on global privacy risk management, privacy incidents, regulatory notifications and changing privacy laws.
Oversaw CIBCs stakeholder engagement process to foster transparent relationships and discuss CIBCs governance practices and emerging trends.
Assessed reports on complying with new Bank Act (Canada) provisions on consumer protection activities and CIBCs approach to the Financial Consumer Protection Framework.
Received reports on complaint handling.
Approved CIBCs Modern Slavery Statement. | ||
Risk Management Committee |
Oversight responsibilities include: reviewing and approving CIBCs frameworks and policies to identify and control risks, including the Risk Management Framework and the Reputation Risk Policy. | Supervised key frameworks, policies and limits related to identifying, measuring, monitoring and mitigating CIBCs principal business risks, such as environmental risk and information and cyber security.
Received reports on ESG risks to oversee their impact on the bank and clients. |
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Management Resources and Compensation Committee |
Oversight responsibilities include: reviewing CIBCs human capital strategy and organizational culture, including talent and total rewards, and alignment with CIBCs strategy, risk appetite and controls; reviewing inclusion and diversity, employee health, safety and wellbeing and other ESG practices related to the Committees mandate; reviewing and/or approving CIBCs compensation philosophy, principles, practices and policies; reviewing and approving goals and measures for the CEO, Executive Committee members and key officers; reviewing annual compensation recommendations based on business performance, risks undertaken, financial/non-financial metrics, including ESG related metrics, adherence to CIBCs risk appetite, and compliance with governance and control obligations; and reviewing annual incentive compensation pool funding. | Reviewed the human capital strategy, including talent and total rewards and alignment with CIBCs strategy, risk appetite and controls.
Oversaw inclusion, employee engagement, employee health, safety and wellbeing, and compensation parity between talent segments (e.g., gender, people of colour).
Approved the ESG Index used to determine performance against key ESG metrics tied to annual incentive compensation funding, as well as risk input into compensation, conduct risk and the evolving regulatory environment.
Reviewed stakeholder updates related to ESG.
Reviewed 2023 Proxy disclosure changes, that included enhancements to ESG Index disclosure.
Reviewed updates on our CIBC Foundation.
Approved Executive Committee members goals that include ESG metrics. | ||
Audit Committee | Oversight responsibilities include reviewing the integrity of CIBCs financial statements, related MD&A, and internal control over financial reporting, monitoring the system of internal control, and overseeing the establishment and maintenance by management of a system of processes and controls to ensure the integrity, accuracy and reliability of data to support the quality of ESG information disclosed in the Annual Report, related MD&A and consolidated financial statements, as well as the Sustainability Report. | Reviewed CIBCs ESG disclosure in the Annual Report, including the ESG strategy overview and performance highlights, and the Sustainability Report.
Reviewed processes and controls for data collection and reporting for ESG disclosures in the Annual Report and the Sustainability Report.
Received updates on ESG related trends and regulatory changes impacting disclosures. |
Advancing our ESG strategy
CIBC has a strong history of ESG performance, and in late 2021 we launched a refocused ESG strategy that is harnessing our resources to create positive change for our team, our clients, our communities and our planet, contributing to a more secure, equitable and sustainable future where everyones ambitions are made real.
Building on previous actions, and through our refocused strategy, in 2022, we continued to activate our resources and put ESG commitments into action under three key pillars: Accelerating Climate Action, Creating Access to Opportunities, and Building Integrity and Trust. Below we outline notable achievements over the past five years.
(1) | Sustainable financing largely relates to client activities that support, but are not limited to, sectors such as renewable and emission-free energy, energy efficiency, sustainable infrastructure, sustainable real estate, affordable housing and basic infrastructure, and products such as, sustainability-linked and green financial products. The services offered by CIBC included in our mobilization commitment to support these client activities include loans and loan syndications, debt and equity underwritings, M&A advisory and principal investments. In fiscal 2022 our methodology was updated prospectively to include transactions relating to the affordable housing sector. We did not restate our cumulative performance from fiscal 2018 to fiscal 2021. The affordable housing sector includes loans and investments that meet our obligations under the U.S. Community Reinvestment Act. |
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2022 ESG Performance Highlights
Accelerating Climate Action
◾ | Announced 2030 financed emission targets for our oil and gas and power generation portfolios, in support of our net-zero ambition by 2050. |
◾ | Launched our Climate Centre, to provide education and advice to encourage consumer behaviours that reduce climate impact through changes in home, transportation and investment choices. |
◾ | Invested in academia to foster the energy transition ecosystem, including helping to fund the Energy Transition Centre in Calgary alongside the University of Calgary, and establishing a Research Chair in Sustainable Finance in partnership with the Schulich School of Business at York University. |
Creating Access to Opportunities
◾ | Together with Microsoft Canada, jointly committed $850,000 in launching a new Social Impact Alliance, through our CIBC Foundation, to accelerate skills training and development, as well as create access to careers in technology. |
◾ | Launched our new Black Entrepreneur Program to drive transformational opportunities in Canadian communities with a commitment of $15 million in business loans over four years (2022-2025). |
◾ | Continued to enable individuals to realize their long-term ambitions through financial education seminars offered at no cost, helping them better understand options to secure their financial future, with a focus on the unique needs of women, youth, LGBTQ+ and Indigenous communities. |
Building Integrity and Trust
◾ | Advanced our work on Data Ethics and Risk Assessment to help guide the ethical acquisition, management and use of data, supported by a process and Advisory Committee to evaluate risk, bringing governance and oversight, and underpinned by our culture and training. |
◾ | Demonstrated how we are rapidly transforming our bank to be more agile, scalable and resilient, while designing security into everything we do as part of our overall Technology Strategy with the multi-year agreement with Microsoft Azure. |
◾ | Enhanced secure data sharing for clients, ensuring a safe and seamless experience for clients to share their financial information with third-party fintech applications facilitated by our partnership with MX Technologies. |
Read more about CIBCs focus on ESG topics in our 2022 Sustainability Report.
Recognition
In 2022, CIBC continued to be recognized for its ESG performance. For example, CIBC continued to be a constituent of the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) North America, the Bloomberg Gender-Equality Index for the 7th consecutive year and the FTSE4Good Index. Index members must meet globally recognized standards for ESG strategy, management and performance. CIBC is also proud to be named, for the second consecutive year, the top company in Canada for gender equality in Equileaps fifth annual Gender Equality Global Report.
CIBC is proud to be recognized by:
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Statement of Corporate Governance Practices
19. | Subsidiary Governance |
CIBCs Enterprise Subsidiary Governance Framework provides guidance on the oversight responsibilities between the boards of CIBC and its subsidiaries. The framework outlines key principles of CIBCs enterprise-wide approach to subsidiary governance, including board composition, director selection criteria, tenure and board size. The framework supports CIBCs multi-disciplinary approach to subsidiary governance through strategic business units; control and governance functions; the CIBC Board; subsidiary boards and reporting to those boards.
The Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for overseeing the framework and reviewing reports on governance matters relating to CIBC subsidiaries. See Report of the Corporate Governance Committee on page 31 of the Circular for information on the committees continuing work regarding oversight responsibilities and interconnectivity among the boards of CIBC, CIBC Bancorp USA Inc. and CIBC Bank USA. Every year, the Corporate Governance Committee reviews guidance on board composition, director selection criteria, tenure and board size for CIBC Bancorp USA Inc. and CIBC Bank USA (together the US boards). To create interconnectivity between the US boards and the CIBC Board, the composition of the US boards includes CIBC Board members (for example, Chair of the CIBC Board, Chair of the CIBC Risk Management Committee and Chair of the CIBC Management Resources and Compensation Committee). This approach enables the CIBC Board to oversee the US operations effectively and facilitate the exchange of information.
20. | Stakeholder Engagement |
The Board and management believe that understanding the perspectives of CIBCs stakeholders is key to being a relationship-oriented bank. Some of the ways CIBC engages with its stakeholders are set out below.
Disclosing material information to the market CIBCs disclosure policy outlines our commitment to promote consistent disclosure practices aimed at accurate, timely and broadly disseminated disclosure of material information about CIBC to the market. The Corporate Governance Committee reviews how management administers the policy annually. The Board reviews and approves changes to the policy. |
Feedback from stakeholders provides valuable input to the Board.
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CIBC has a Disclosure Committee which meets with responsible officers each quarter to review CIBCs interim or annual financial reports to shareholders and related earnings release, other news releases that contain financial information, as well as internal controls around CIBCs disclosure and financial reporting.
Communicating with stakeholders The Board reviews CIBCs overall communication strategy annually to understand progress in furthering CIBCs relationship with employees, clients, the investment community, media and government. The Chair of the Board and senior officers meet with shareholders, shareholder advocacy groups and others in the investment community to discuss CIBCs approach to various issues, including corporate governance, risk governance, talent management, executive compensation and emerging ESG practices and related activities.
Whistleblowing and Confidential Whistleblower Program The Audit Committee oversees CIBCs Whistleblower Policy, which provides a framework for investigating and reporting concerns raised by CIBC employees, contingent workers or others (e.g., CIBC suppliers, clients, and shareholders) about accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters at CIBC. In addition, CIBC employees, contingent workers or others can report concerns to the CIBC Whistleblower Program (online or by phone) about irregular business activities or wrongdoing that could pose reputational risk to CIBC, including fraud, integrity of financial reporting, ethics, actual or potential violations of CIBCs Code of Conduct, or violations of a law or regulation. All information received by the CIBC Whistleblower Program is confidential, in a manner consistent with CIBCs responsibilities under applicable whistleblower legislation, and individuals can choose to remain anonymous.
Annual Meeting CIBC has integrated enhanced technology into our annual meeting format, ensuring that shareholders have options for participating in our meeting. These enhancements allow you to use an internet-enabled device to watch and listen to the meeting in real time, submit comments and questions as well as vote during the meeting. See details in the Circular for all the ways you can participate in our meeting.
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Say on Pay Shareholders can have a say on pay by voting on an advisory resolution regarding CIBCs approach to executive compensation described in the Circular. The vote is advisory, not binding and does not diminish the Boards roles and responsibilities. However, the Board and the Management Resources and Compensation Committee consider the results of this vote in making future executive compensation decisions. |
Last year 95% of shareholder votes were in favor of CIBCs approach to executive compensation.
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Stakeholder Engagement CIBCs Investor Relations website at www.cibc.com contains helpful information about upcoming reporting dates, quarterly investor presentations, fact sheets on CIBCs financial performance and webcast links. For information on CIBCs approach to ESG issues, please see our Sustainability website at www.cibc.com/en/about-cibc/corporate-responsibility.html. As CIBC recognizes the importance of ESG to the investment community and other stakeholders, CIBC has a designated Investor Relations representative focused on ESG communications. CIBCs Investor Relations group welcomes dialogue with stakeholders via email at investorrelations@cibc.com.
Contacting CIBCs Board
Anyone may contact the Board, the Chair of the Board, a Board committee or a director at corporate.secretary@cibc.com or CIBC Corporate Secretarys Division, 81 Bay Street, CIBC Square, 20th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5J 0E7.
Requesting paper copies
Our statement of corporate governance practices refers to material available on CIBCs website. Shareholders may send a request for printed copies of any of these materials to the Corporate Secretary at corporate.secretary@cibc.com or CIBC Corporate Secretarys Division, 81 Bay Street, CIBC Square, 20th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5J 0E7.
We encourage you to join our digital movement and go paperless by accessing these materials at www.cibc.com.
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Message to our Fellow Shareholders
Dear fellow shareholder,
Today, CIBC is a modern, relationship-oriented bank that has built solid momentum, and a culture and team that is guided by our purpose to help make your ambition a reality. With a commitment to creating enduring value for all our stakeholders, we are focused on delivering top-tier shareholder returns, a superior client and employee experience, and supporting our communities while maintaining our financial strength, risk discipline and advancing our purpose-driven culture.
Foundational to our progress is a consistent focus on three strategic priorities:
1. | Further growing our market share of high-growth, high-touch client segments; |
2. | Elevating the CIBC banking experience for our clients through investments in digitization and technology, and further increasing connectivity across our businesses; and |
3. | Investing in our future differentiator businesses that are positioned to win in faster growing markets. |
We entered 2022 with a new brand, confidence in our ability to compete and a sense of anticipation for the future. Over the course of the year, we proudly welcomed over 13,000 team members to our new state-of-the-art global headquarters in Toronto at CIBC Square. In June, we hosted many of our investors at CIBC Square where we shared our client-focused strategy and how we are positioning our bank to outperform over the long-term.
We recognize that we and our clients are operating in an uncertain economic environment. Canadas economy registered healthy growth through the first half of 2022, but then joined the US in showing signs of slowing in the second half of the year in the face of higher interest rates aimed at reducing inflation. Against this backdrop, CIBC was there with the advice and solutions that individuals, families and businesses needed to help them keep their ambitions on track. As a strong and well diversified financial institution, CIBC demonstrated its resilience and ability to execute its strategy through the economic cycle.
Our Team |
Our team members live our purpose every day as they help make our clients ambitions real. We are pleased to have made significant investments in our people, reflecting the important role every team member plays in creating value for all of our stakeholders. Key highlights included:
◾ | Investing in our teams current and future financial wellbeing, including, for merit-eligible employees: |
○ | Increasing base salaries by 3%(1); |
○ | Increasing our minimum entry wage to $20.00 per hour (in local currency) for employees in both Canada and the US; and, |
○ | Committing to further increasing our minimum entry wage in Canada and the US by making ongoing investments over the next three years to bring it to $25.00 per hour (in local currency) by the end of 2025. |
◾ | Continuing to offer a Defined Benefit Pension Plan to all new and existing eligible Canadian employees, the only major Canadian bank with this offering, which rewards long-term careers with CIBC and provides income security for employees throughout retirement. |
◾ | Launching People Leader Mental Health training to our 6,000 people leaders to help them understand how to compassionately support team members experiencing mental health challenges. |
◾ | Making further investments in the health and wellbeing of our team, including: |
○ | Launching virtual health care to provide convenient and timely access to medical advice for our Canadian team members and their immediate family. |
○ | Launching YourPulse@CIBC, a new global health and wellbeing platform which enables employees to set up wellness goals and engage in individual and group challenges to enhance all aspects of their personal wellbeing. |
Read more about CIBCs focus on employee engagement in our 2022 Sustainability Report.
(1) | For all level 1 6 employees. Overall, these investments directly impacted almost 25,000 team members across CIBC, or approximately 54% of team members. |
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Our Clients |
Through the continued execution of our client-focused strategy and ongoing strategic investments, in 2022, CIBC grew its market share in several key areas, deepened relationships and elevated the banking experience for clients. Key highlights included:
◾ | Welcoming more than two million new clients to CIBC through the acquisition of the Costco Canadian credit card portfolio and establishing a new contact centre in Canada to provide tailored service and support. |
◾ | Further innovating with the announcement of Tyl by CIBC, a cloud-based, digital platform that enables safe and secure payment acceptance and administers loyalty programs for small- and medium-sized businesses. |
◾ | Continuing to invest in our technology platforms, new relationship managers and offerings on both sides of the border to serve the private economy, and commercial banking and wealth management clients. |
◾ | Broadening our offerings in Direct Financial Services, including expanding our industry-first Canadian Depositary Receipts lineup and adding a US dollar savings account for Simplii Financial clients. |
◾ | Expanding Carbonplace with three new members, providing settlements infrastructure and systems for marketplaces and exchanges in the voluntary carbon market. |
◾ | Being recognized for Outstanding Leadership in Transition & Sustainability Linked Bonds and for Outstanding Leadership in Green Bonds by Global Finances North American Regional Awards. |
Our Communities |
We maintained our focus on investing in our communities to create access to opportunities by removing barriers, championing change and strengthening the communities we serve. These efforts were elevated with the launch of the CIBC Foundation at the beginning of fiscal 2022 as we advanced our commitment to enable a more equitable and sustainable future. Key highlights included:
◾ | The CIBC Foundation began investing in initiatives that will enable a more equitable and inclusive future; this includes a new partnership with Microsoft aimed at removing barriers to careers in technology for Indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities and newcomers. Together, we are assembling a coalition of partners to help increase access to skills-based training, certifications and employment while advancing the digital economy. |
◾ | Since becoming the title sponsor in 1996, our CIBC team has raised more than $60 million for the Canadian Cancer Society CIBC Run for the Cure, and since the inaugural Miracle Day in 1984, $267 million for childrens charities globally. |
◾ | Building on our commitment to create equitable and resilient communities, we enhanced our Indigenous Housing Loan Program, designed to address the housing shortage within Indigenous communities in Canada, and launched our Black Entrepreneur Program, providing business loans of up to $250,000 as well as $2 million in non-repayable loans funded by a CIBC Foundation donation to the Black Opportunity Fund. |
◾ | Providing support to relief efforts to help those affected by natural disasters around the world, and urgent humanitarian aid efforts in Ukraine and efforts to help Ukranian refugees settle in Canada. |
Our Shareholders |
We create value for shareholders by ensuring CIBC has a purpose-led culture, and a disciplined and prudent approach to executing its client-focused strategy. Despite a more challenging operating environment, CIBC delivered solid financial results for the fiscal year, supported by the ongoing strategic investments that will benefit our bank over the long-term. Key highlights contributing to value creation for our shareholders included:
◾ | Making notable progress in growing our targeted high-growth, high-touch client segments. |
◾ | Elevating the client experience through investments in technology and further increasing connectivity across our businesses. |
◾ | Investing in future growth differentiators, particularly in our innovation banking franchise, fintech capabilities, and renewable energy platform. |
See Our fiscal 2022 performance section of this letter for further details.
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Message to our Fellow Shareholders
Our executive compensation design
As part of our global oversight responsibilities, when determining our executive compensation design we look at ensuring alignment with shareholder interests, motivating the successful achievement of our strategy, and fostering adherence to our risk tolerance. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO), all executives globally, and the majority of our team members (85%) participate in the same incentive plan referred to as Goals, Performance, Success (GPS) which focuses on pay for performance driven by both the Business Performance Factor (BPF) and individual performance. The BPF captures financial performance, including performance relative to our peers, as well as client experience and environmental, social and governance goals.
Our BPF is comprised of key drivers of our strategy with three financial metrics, namely adjusted diluted Earnings Per Share (EPS), adjusted operating leverage and adjusted revenue growth accounting for 65% of the BPF. For each of the financial metrics, we capture both absolute performance relative to our goals (75%) and performance relative to our peers (25%) directly in our formula. The inclusion of relative performance directly in our BPF formula continues to be an integral part of how we measure our overall performance. For each of the financial metrics, the Board also has discretion to increase the overall impact of relative performance from 25% up to 50% (thereby lowering the percentage accounted for by absolute performance to as low as 50%).
The remaining 35% of the BPF is comprised of our Client Experience Index (25%), which captures internal and external client surveys, and our ESG Index (10%), which captures our performance against established metrics pertaining to our environmental, social and governance goals. The quantification of ESG factors directly in our BPF formula continued to be a differentiator for us and we strongly believe that having 10% of our BPF tied directly to ESG performance is fundamental to driving progress and accountability on our ESG strategy. ESG performance is reinforced through both our BPF determination as well as in the individual goals and performance assessments for our senior leaders. The fiscal 2022 ESG Index incorporated various measures mapped to our three ESG strategy pillars, with the following weightings:
◾ | Accelerating Climate Action (36%) metrics focused on topics such as climate goals, and sustainable finance. |
◾ | Creating Access to Opportunities (37%) metrics focused on topics such as inclusive banking and financial education, inclusion at work, pay equity, employee engagement, and capability development. |
◾ | Building Integrity and Trust (27%) metrics focused on topics such as Board ESG oversight, data ethics and privacy, and client complaints management. |
You can read more about our BPF determination starting on page 68 of the Compensation Discussion and Analysis (CD&A).
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Our fiscal 2022 performance
We delivered strong top-line growth in fiscal 2022 through the execution of our client-focused strategy, and leveraging the strategic investments we are making for long-term growth. Adjusted net earnings growth was below our stated objective, mainly due to the impact of loan loss provision releases in fiscal 2021. Adjusted Pre-Provision, Pre-Tax Earnings(1) of $9.4 billion was 7% higher than the prior year, and the credit quality of our portfolio remained strong with impaired provisions down 1% year-over-year. As the economic environment evolves, we will continue to take actions to reposition our business to adapt, continue to grow our client franchise, and moderate our expense growth. We will deliver in areas where we have competitive advantages, and invest in our future differentiators that will create long-term value. We will gain share by continuing to execute our client-focused strategy and leveraging our capabilities in providing leading advisory services, award-winning digital platforms, and operational excellence. Our highly-connected and purpose-driven team will continue to move our bank forward as we create positive change and help make ambitions a reality.
Key financial highlights:
◾ | Delivered adjusted revenue(1) of $21.8 billion, up 9% from $20.0 billion in the prior year. |
◾ | Delivered adjusted Pre-Provision Pre-Tax Earnings(1) of $9.4 billion, up 7% from $8.8 billion in the prior year. |
◾ | Adjusted Net income(1) of $6.6 billion or $7.05 per share was down 2% from $6.7 billion or $7.23 per share last year. |
◾ | Achieved adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)(1) of 14.7%, slightly below our objective of 15%+ and down 200 basis points year-over-year. |
◾ | Achieved Basel III Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio(2) of 11.7%, above the fiscal 2022 regulatory minimum of 10.5%(3). |
(1) | Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information see the Non-GAAP measures section starting on page 14 of CIBCs 2022 Annual Report available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, which section is incorporated by reference herein, including the quantitative reconciliations therein of reported fiscal 2022 GAAP measures to: adjusted revenue on page 15; adjusted Pre-Provision Pre-Tax Earnings on page 20; and adjusted net income on page 15. |
(2) | Calculated pursuant to Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) Guideline, which is based on Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) standards. |
(3) | The regulatory minimum was increased to 11.0% as of February 1, 2023. |
Our Business Performance Factor (BPF)
Our BPF is used to reward the majority of our team members (85%), including the CEO and all of our executives globally. Based on CIBCs fiscal 2022 performance, the BPF was 101%.
Final incentive decisions, both cash and deferred equity compensation, incorporate business performance (through our BPF) as well as individual performance in a given year. Equity awards granted are based on the fiscal 2022 BPF and are also subject to future multi-year performance results. You can read more about our incentive plan design and BPF determination starting on page 68 of the CD&A.
Our CEOs compensation
2022 pay
Based on CIBCs fiscal 2022 performance, Mr. Dodigs leadership of the team and his role in creating a purpose-led, modern, relationship-oriented bank, the Board approved Total Direct Compensation (TDC) which includes annual salary and variable incentive awards of $10.36 million for fiscal 2022, which is approximately $0.36 million or 4% above his 2022 TDC target of $10.00 million, excluding the compensatory value of changes in the pension obligations. Mr. Dodigs performance-based incentive compensation of $9.36 million is composed of a cash bonus of $1.87 million, $5.99 million in Performance Share Units (PSUs) and $1.50 million in stock options (options) in each case based on grant date fair values. In addition to being performance-granted, Mr. Dodigs PSUs have future performance-vesting conditions comprised of relative ROE and Total Shareholder Return (TSR) performance over three years. The Board believed these compensation decisions were aligned with the overall performance of CIBC in 2022, achievement of individual goals that further advanced CIBCs long-term strategy and the purpose-driven leadership demonstrated by Mr. Dodig.
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Message to our Fellow Shareholders
Effective fiscal 2023, Mr. Dodigs variable incentive target was increased from 900% to 1,000% of base salary to progress his compensation to better align to market peers, following three years at his current target. As a result of this change, Mr. Dodigs TDC target increased from $10.00 million to $11.00 million and his ratio of fixed to variable compensation decreased with a heavier weighting on variable compensation which is paid 20% in cash and 80% in deferred compensation split between PSUs (80%) and options (20%). No change was made to Mr. Dodigs base salary as the Board felt strongly that any increase be tied to both CIBCs performance and his individual performance, both of which are captured in the variable incentive award.
2022 ownership
As of October 31, 2022, Mr. Dodig owned $28.70 million worth of CIBC equity, which is 28.7 times his salary and exceeds the share ownership guideline of 8 times salary. This substantial ownership level creates significant long-term alignment with shareholders interests and mitigates against excessive risk taking.
Executing against our Human Capital Strategy
Effective talent management and succession planning are critical to our long-term success. In 2022, we announced changes that further reinforced the strength and capabilities of our leadership team while providing new opportunities for a number of leaders as we delivered on our growth strategy. Notably, effective November 1, 2022, we completed the planned transition of Michael Capatides to a new role as Vice-Chair, CIBC Bank USA and Shawn Beber assumed the leadership of our US Commercial Banking and Wealth Management business as Senior Executive Vice-President and Group Head, US Region, and President & CEO, CIBC Bank USA, and our US bank holding company. Mr. Beber most recently served as Chief Risk Officer and as a result of his move, Frank Guse took on the role of Senior Executive Vice-President and Chief Risk Officer and joined CIBCs Executive Committee.
In addition, in January 2023, we announced that Laura Dottori-Attanasio, Senior Executive Vice-President and Group Head, Personal and Business Banking, Canada planned to retire from the bank on February 1, 2023, and that Jon Hountalas was appointed Senior Executive Vice-President and Group Head, Canadian Banking and assumed leadership of CIBCs Personal and Business Banking, Commercial Banking, and Wealth Management businesses in Canada. Mr. Hountalas previously served as Senior Executive Vice-President and Group Head, Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, Canada.
These leadership changes will further position us to execute our client-focused strategy and deliver relative outperformance going forward. The Board and Management worked closely together on the succession planning and leadership changes.
In addition, we have delivered against our talent strategy across all fronts and have highlighted some notable results below:
◾ | Embedded CIBCs Leadership Capabilities (envision the future - inspire hearts and minds drive action and impact) across all Global Leadership Team (GLT) Members and people leaders enterprise-wide, through a Masterclass program to ensure a consistent and foundational understanding of what leadership means at our bank. The leadership capabilities are also embedded in fiscal 2023 goals across all GLT and people leaders. |
◾ | Recognized for the second consecutive year as the leading company in Canada for gender equality by Equileap in their annual Gender Equality Global Report & Ranking and included in the Bloomberg Gender Equality Index, recognizing our commitment to gender balance for the seventh consecutive year. |
◾ | Progressed against the goals found in our Reconciliation Framework, including launching a first-of-its-kind Legacy Space at CIBC Square in partnership with the Gord Downie & Chanie Wenjack Fund dedicated to hosting conversations supporting Indigenous prosperity. |
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Message to our Fellow Shareholders
◾ | In 2022, CIBC commissioned a third-party independent study to evaluate how we can achieve formal employee input in strategic decision-making. This study conducted a review of external practices in relevant markets (continental Europe, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and an analysis of CIBCs current approaches to employee listening. The study concluded that CIBC has a comprehensive approach to employee engagement and employee listening, confirmed that there are no critical gaps for CIBC, and will inform our strategic initiatives for employee engagement and listening in 2023 and beyond. |
You can read more about talent management and succession planning and inclusion at CIBC starting on page 72 of the CD&A.
Our response to shareholder feedback
We continue to pay close attention to shareholder feedback and we have taken that feedback into consideration in the construct of our organizations strategic objectives, BPF and individual executive goals, as discussed in the previous sections
We welcome your feedback anytime by writing to us at corporate.secretary@cibc.com, or CIBC Corporate Secretarys Division, 81 Bay Street, CIBC Square, 20th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5J 0E7.
The Committee and the Board are very proud of the achievements of the CIBC team and remain committed to ensuring long-term value collectively for all of CIBCs stakeholders. On behalf of the Committee and the Board, we thank you, our shareholders, for your continued support.
Sincerely, | ||
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Kevin. J. Kelly | Katharine B. Stevenson | |
Chair, Management Resources and | Chair of the Board | |
Compensation Committee |
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis
The Compensation Discussion and Analysis provides an overview of the governance of our executive compensation program, explains how CIBC compensates its executives and how fiscal 2022 compensation was determined for its Named Executive Officers (NEOs).
Compensation Philosophy, Practices and Governance
At CIBC, our approach to compensation is based on three key principles:
The following section summarizes how we reflect good governance and risk mitigation in our compensation programs. More information is provided on the following pages.
Compensation Governance Practices |
◾ | Align compensation approach with Financial Stability Board (FSB) Principles for Sound Compensation Practices and their Implementation Standards as adopted globally by regulators. |
◾ | Align performance measures with CIBCs board-approved strategic plan. |
◾ | Apply upside limits to individual incentive awards. |
◾ | Align the vesting of compensation awards with the time horizon of risks. |
◾ | Define minimum deferral levels and set minimum equity ownership levels for material risk takers. |
◾ | Use financial performance misstatement and misconduct clawback provisions to enable CIBC to recover compensation in appropriate circumstances. |
◾ | Determine compensation for employees in control functions independently from the performance of the business segments they oversee. |
◾ | Determine compensation for the CEO considering both horizontal and vertical pay ratio analyses. |
◾ | Assess the appropriateness of compensation by stress-testing different compensation scenarios and backtesting realizable pay, the link between performance and compensation. |
◾ | Determine realizable and realized pay using relative and absolute metrics. |
◾ | Require a Double Trigger in our Change of Control Policy (i.e., payment occurs only upon both a change of control and termination of employment). |
◾ | Limit bonus guarantees to new hires or for exceptional circumstances to no more than 12 months. |
◾ | Ensure the Committees independent advisor, who provides advice on executive compensation matters, has the power to challenge recommendations from management. |
◾ | Do not re-price or backdate options, or discount options at the time of grant. |
◾ | Do not allow hedging designed to monetize or reduce market risk to the employee or director associated with equity-based compensation. |
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Committee composition
Members of the Committee, Kevin Kelly (Chair), Nanci Caldwell, Luc Desjardins and Martine Turcotte, bring diverse skills and experiences, including leadership, human resources management/compensation, risk management and risk governance, that assist the Committee in making decisions on CIBCs compensation policies and practices and fulfilling its mandate.
For information on the experience and educational background of the Committee members standing for re-election, see our director nominee biographies starting on page 10 and Director nominee skills and experience on page 24 of the Circular. For information on director education sessions provided to Committee members in fiscal 2022, see page 46 of the Circular.
Independent advice
The Committee has engaged Pay Governance LLC and its predecessors since 2006 to provide independent analysis and advice to the Committee on all executive compensation matters, including compensation targets and annual compensation recommendations for the CEO and EXCO members. The independent advisors also review and provide feedback on the meeting materials prepared internally by human resources prior to each of the committee meetings. Additionally, the independent advisors frequently attend the Management Resources and Compensation Committee meetings and provide advice and counsel as required. The Committee and Management regularly assess the performance and the accountabilities of Pay Governance.
The table below discloses the fees paid to Pay Governance by CIBC over the past two fiscal years. The fees were for services to the Committee related to executive compensation work and the Corporate Governance Committee for director compensation work. Pay Governance did not provide other services to CIBC in these years. As a result, the Committee believes Pay Governance is an independent advisor based on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commissions factors for evaluating advisor independence.
2022 (US$) |
2021 (US$) | |||
For Committee Work Related to Executive Compensation |
125,000(1) | 125,500(1) | ||
For Corporate Governance Committee Work Related to Director Compensation |
| 70,000(1)(2) |
(1) | The 2022 fees equate to C$161,488 for Committee work related to executive compensation, and the 2021 fees equate to C$157,565 and C$87,885 for director compensation related work when converted to Canadian dollars at the average WM/Reuters exchange rate of US$1.00 = C$1.2919 for fiscal 2022 and US$1.00 = C$1.2555 for fiscal 2021. |
(2) | Of the US$70,000 fee, US$30,000 relates to compensation of directors serving CIBC and US$40,000 relates to compensation of directors serving CIBC Bancorp USA Inc. and CIBC Bank USA. |
The Committee and the independent advisor meet in camera without management, and the Chair of the Committee meets privately with the advisor. These discussions contribute to the Committees effectiveness in overseeing compensation.
The Committee also engages external legal counsel and other advisors as appropriate to provide expert advice or director education. The Committee evaluates the independence of these outside advisors and considers any conflicts in advance.
CIBCs Internal Audit group conducts an annual independent review of CIBCs compensation governance practices and the alignment of those practices with regulatory standards, including the FSBs Principles for Sound Compensation Practices and their Implementation Standards. The Committee reviews a report prepared by the Chief Auditor on the results of the review.
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Compensation elements
CIBCs executive compensation program includes direct compensation (salary and variable incentive awards) and indirect compensation (benefits, perquisites and retirement programs). The Committee reviews these components regularly to assess market competitiveness and continued alignment with our compensation philosophy.
Direct Compensation
Fixed Compensation |
Variable Incentive Awards(1) | |||||||
Provide market competitive fixed pay (annual salary) based on job scope, skills, experience and market competitiveness. |
Pay for performance by aligning incentive compensation with business and individual performance using a combination of cash and deferred awards.
Short, medium and long-term compensation elements are determined based on predetermined fixed percentages for cash and deferred equity. | |||||||
Short-Term - Cash 1 year performance period
Annual cash(2) bonus rewards the achievement of business performance and individual objectives in the given year. |
Medium-Term PSUs 4 year performance period
PSU award amounts are determined based on the current years business and individual performance (fiscal 2022). The awards are then subject to relative TSR and ROE performance over the three subsequent years (2023-2025). |
Long-Term - Stock Options 4-11 year performance period
Option award amounts are determined based on the current years business and individual performance (fiscal 2022). Deferred incentives motivate executives to create sustainable shareholder value over the long-term. Stock options have a 10-year term (2023-2032). |
(1) | If an employee engages in misconduct that causes a significant financial loss to CIBC, or that causes a material restatement of the financial statements, CIBC may demand the repayment of cash or deferred incentive compensation awarded. |
(2) | Executives may elect to voluntarily defer some or all of the cash incentive received into deferred share units (DSUs) which increase equity ownership under CIBCs guidelines and which only pay out following retirement, termination of employment or death. |
Indirect Compensation
Component | Purpose | Form | ||
Benefits | Invest in the health and wellbeing of team members | Group benefit programs | ||
Perquisites | Executive perquisite offering may include club membership, annual health assessment and car benefits | Annual allowance or reimbursement | ||
Retirement Programs | Contribute to financial security after retirement | Pension and Savings Plans(1) Defined Benefit Pension Plan |
(1) | Competitive retirement income arrangements are provided to all employees. A Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) is provided to certain executives at the level of Senior Vice-President and above (described on page 93). For any executive who joined the SERP or was promoted prior to January 1, 2016, credited service is based only on service while employed by CIBC and pensionable earnings are capped at a fixed dollar limit. For any executive that joined the SERP or was promoted after January 1, 2016, SERP benefits accrue on a fixed, flat dollar basis and service is credited only from the date they joined the SERP. This means SERP pension benefits at CIBC do not include service for years beyond those actually worked and the benefits do not automatically escalate with increases in compensation. |
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Deferred incentive award
Deferred incentive awards are used to align executive compensation with mid- and long-term shareholder interests. CIBCs deferred incentive award vehicles are described below. More detail is provided starting on page 90.
Deferred Incentive
|
Description | |||||||
PSUs
(Medium-term) |
The determination of the PSU award amount is based on both individual and business performance in the fiscal year prior to the grant(1) as it is driven by the year-end performance multiplier which is comprised of the BPF and individual performance. PSUs are then subject to a three-year performance period post grant that is measured based on relative ROE and TSR performance over the three subsequent years. PSUs vest and settle in cash at the end of the three-year performance period. The percentage of PSUs which vest ranges from 75% to 125% based on CIBCs ROE and TSR performance during the three-year performance period relative to Bank of Montreal, Bank of Nova Scotia, National Bank of Canada, Royal Bank of Canada and the Toronto-Dominion Bank. The Board has discretion to adjust the vesting percentage and may reduce it to 0% if it deems that a material event occurred during the three-year performance period which impacts CIBCs financial or market performance relative to the peer group. ROE (or adjusted ROE, as applicable) and TSR performance for CIBC and each peer bank are ranked from one (highest performance) to six (lowest performance). Based on CIBCs ranking for each measure, over the three-year period, a performance factor is assigned using the following scale: | |||||||
Rank | Performance Factor | |||||||
1 | 125% | |||||||
2 | 115% | |||||||
3 | 105% | |||||||
4 | 95% | |||||||
5 | 85% | |||||||
6 | 75% | |||||||
Board Discretion | 0% to 74% | |||||||
The ROE (or adjusted ROE, as applicable) performance factor is averaged with the TSR performance factor to determine the final vesting percentage. The final vesting percentage is multiplied by the original number of PSUs granted, plus any additional units accumulated through reinvested dividend equivalents, to calculate the final number of PSUs which vest and pay out based on CIBC share value at that time. (See 2019 PSU vesting on page 86 for actual calculation details). |
(1) | Awards for a given fiscal year (November 1 - October 31) are granted the December immediately following the close of the fiscal year. |
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Deferred Incentive
|
Description | |
Options
(Long-term) |
Options reward for performance over the long-term. The grant amount is determined based on the year-end performance multiplier comprised of the BPF and individual performance(1). Options vest 50% on the third and fourth anniversaries of the grant date and have a 10-year term. Future realizable value depends on shareholder value creation. | |
DSUs
(Long-term) |
DSUs settle in cash after the executive leaves CIBC, based on CIBC share value at that time. An executive can voluntarily elect to defer up to 100% of their cash incentive award into DSUs, which enhances the alignment of executive compensation with long-term shareholder return experience. |
(1) | Awards for a given fiscal year (November 1 - October 31) are granted the December immediately following the close of the fiscal year. |
Establishing Total Direct Compensation target
Total Direct Compensation (TDC) includes an executives annual salary and variable incentive award. At the beginning of each fiscal year, the Committee reviews and recommends TDC targets for the CEO and EXCO members for Board approval. Targets are reviewed against market data and internal peers annually, and adjusted over time to ensure that the executives progression within the role is taken into account.
When reviewing TDC targets, the Committee considers market data for the peer group, the relative size of peer organizations, the relative size and scope of the role, internal comparators and the incumbents experience. Market data is sourced from publicly available data and from benchmarking data provided by Korn Ferry Hay Group, an external service provider engaged by management that regularly conducts a syndicated study for Canadas large financial institutions. For the US, additional benchmarking data is obtained from Willis Towers Watson and their global financial services database.
Peer group
Compensation targets for the CEO and EXCO members are evaluated against financial services companies that are of comparable size, scope, market presence and complexity to CIBC. Based on these criteria, the CEO and EXCO roles are benchmarked against the other five major Canadian banks(1). For the CEO and CFO, the peer group is expanded to include the two largest Canadian insurance companies(1), as the market for these roles is comparable more broadly across the financial services industry. Compensation target for the Group Head, CIBC US Region is evaluated against financial services companies of similar size, in terms of revenue and assets, through independent market surveys pertaining to compensation in the US obtained from Willis Towers Watson. The following chart shows CIBCs relative position on certain key measures used to define its peer group.
(1) | Peer group of five major Canadian banks: Bank of Montreal, Bank of Nova Scotia, National Bank of Canada, Royal Bank of Canada and the Toronto-Dominion Bank; and two Canadian Insurance companies: Manulife Financial and Sun Life Financial. |
(2) | As at October 31, 2022 for banks and September 30, 2022 for insurance companies. |
(3) | Year ended October 31, 2022 for banks and trailing 12 months ending September 30, 2022 for insurance companies. |
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Pay mix
The charts below show the compensation elements as a percentage of fiscal 2022 target TDC for the CEO and EXCO members. The charts demonstrate the greater pay variability for the CEO and EXCO business leaders who are best positioned to affect business results over the long-term compared to the EXCO functional group heads in Finance, Risk Management, Legal, People, Culture and Brand, and Technology, Infrastructure and Innovation.
Establishing individual goals
At the beginning of each fiscal year, the Committee approves the annual goals and measures for the EXCO members and recommends the CEOs goals and measures for Board approval.
The Audit Committee and the Risk Management Committee also review the annual goals and measures for the CFO and the CRO, respectively.
The annual goals and measures for the CEO and EXCO align with CIBCs strategic priorities and include financial performance (achievement of financial and key business results, earnings growth by growing the franchise, simplification and efficiency initiatives), client experience measures and ESG-related metrics relevant to their role.
Assessing individual performance
At the end of each year, the Committee evaluates individual performance relative to key metrics for the CEO and EXCO members and provides its recommendation on the CEOs individual performance to the Board for approval. In addition to the performance assessments for this group, the Committee reviews any risk, compliance, conduct or audit concerns to determine if there are any adjustments required to the evaluation of individual performance and the resulting variable incentive awards. In the case of the CFO and CRO, the Audit Committee and the Risk Management Committee, respectively, also provide their input into the Committees evaluation of individual performance. Following the evaluation of individual performance, the Committee recommends for Board approval the variable incentive awards for the CEO and EXCO members. See Variable incentive plan design below.
Variable incentive plan design
The variable incentive plan, known as Goals Performance Success (GPS) for all executives, including the CEO and EXCO members, provides transparency with respect to how incentive awards are determined and a strong link between pay and performance. The variable incentive plan components are described below:
◾ | Total Variable Compensation Target, expressed as a percentage of base salary earned in the fiscal year; and |
◾ | Performance Multiplier, which is comprised of both business performance and individual performance, equally weighted. |
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis
An executives GPS award is determined using these components, as described below:
GPS Award
|
= |
Total Variable Compensation Target |
x | Performance Multiplier | ||||
The GPS award is capped at a maximum of 150% of the target incentive award to mitigate undue risk taking.
Under extreme circumstances, the GPS award may be reduced to zero to ensure pay for performance alignment.
GPS awards for the CEO and EXCO members are approved by the Board. |
|
Determined based on competitive market analysis conducted as part of the target setting process described under Establishing Total Direct Compensation target on page 66.
Varies by role, market and executive job level. |
|
The Performance Multiplier incorporates both individual and business performance. Individual performance is assessed at the end of the year against strategically aligned goals as described under Establishing individual goals and Assessing individual performance on page 67.
Business performance is determined based on absolute and relative business performance measured against Board-approved goals aligned to CIBCs strategy.
The Performance Multiplier for the CEO is approved by the Board and for EXCO members by the Committee. The Committee and Board have the ability to make adjustments at their discretion. |
Performance Multiplier
The Performance Multiplier is comprised of both business performance and individual performance. The BPF forms part of the overall Performance Multiplier and can range from 0% to 125%. The BPF within the Performance Multiplier is determined based on performance against metrics that are aligned to CIBCs strategic priorities with a focus on financial performance and performance relative to peers, client experience and ESG.
The performance measures and relative weighting used to determine the BPF for fiscal 2022 are set out below:
Performance Measure | Weighting | Performance Assessment Breakdown | ||||
Financial Metrics 65% |
Adjusted Diluted EPS | 35% |
25% Performance relative to peers
75% Performance relative to goals | |||
Adjusted Operating Leverage | 15% | |||||
Adjusted Revenue Growth | 15% | |||||
Client Experience & ESG Metrics 35% |
Client Experience (CX) Index | 25% |
5% Enterprise-wide metrics
40% Personal & Business Banking metrics
20% Capital Markets & Direct Financial Services metrics
20% Canadian Commercial Banking & Wealth Management metrics
15% US Commercial Banking & Wealth Management metrics | |||
ESG Index | 10% |
36% Accelerating Climate Action
37% Creating Access to Opportunities
27% Building Integrity and Trust | ||||
Total Weighting | 100% |
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis
In 2021, we embedded performance relative to our five peer banks directly into the calculation of our BPF. Having relative performance as part of the formula provides a stronger link between executive compensation and our shareholders interests. Financial metrics, which are based on adjusted results, account for 65% of the BPF and within that, relative performance accounts for 25% of each of our financial metrics (i.e. diluted EPS, operating leverage and revenue growth), with the remaining 75% based on absolute performance of each metric against plan. Overall, relative performance comprises 25% of each financial metric with the Board having the ability to increase the impact of relative performance up to 50% within each metric.
The remaining 35% of our BPF is driven by performance against our established Client Experience (25%) and ESG (10%) Indices, both of which track our progress and help to assess our performance against critical client and ESG objectives. The Client Experience Index is a composite index that includes internal and external client surveys and client experience oriented metrics at the enterprise level as well as from Canadian Personal and Business Banking, Capital Markets, Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management and US Commercial Banking and Wealth Management. The ESG Index is comprised of measures that align with our ESG strategy pillars based on stakeholder priorities where CIBC can have the greatest impact. It includes metrics covering activities across our strategic business units and functional groups that align with our focus on accelerating climate action, creating access to opportunities, and building integrity and trust. To keep pace with evolving stakeholder expectations, the ESG Index is reviewed annually, reflecting input from the Senior Executive ESG Council and EXCO, with final approval by the Committee.
In addition to these performance measures, the Committee and Board may further adjust the calculated BPF based on the qualitative factors described below:
◾ | Additional impact based on relative performance vs. peers; |
◾ | Risk, to ensure compensation is aligned with our risk appetite and objectives by considering risk outcomes with adjustments being made only to reduce the BPF (or individual awards); |
◾ | Unexpected outcomes and other items that either should be included or excluded from the performance that determines the BPF; and |
◾ | Any other factors the Committee and the Board consider appropriate. |
Assessing financial performance and determining compensation
In assessing financial performance, the CFO, the CRO, the Committee and Board review in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS or GAAP) and an adjusted basis. Both perspectives are considered useful to understand performance. Adjusted measures are used to assess CIBCs underlying business performance and as one element of measuring executive performance for compensation decision-making purposes.
As discussed on the previous page, for fiscal 2022 diluted EPS, operating leverage and revenue growth, on an adjusted basis, were key components used to determine the BPF. Additional adjusted measures considered by the Committee and the Board include: total revenue on a taxable equivalent basis, net income, ROE, and pre-provision pre-tax earnings (PPPT). Adjusted measures represent non-GAAP measures. Non-GAAP measures do not have a standardized meaning under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS or GAAP), and accordingly, these measures may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies. Adjusted results remove items of note from reported results and are used to calculate our adjusted measures. Non-GAAP ratios include an adjusted measure as one or more of their components. Certain additional disclosures for these specified financial measures have been incorporated by reference and can be found in the Non-GAAP measures section on page 14 of the 2022 Annual Report available on www.sedar.com.
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Risk Management Committee and input from the CFO and the CRO
The Committee works closely with the Risk Management Committee and receives input throughout the year from the CFO and the CRO. The Committee and the Chair of the Risk Management Committee, with input from the CFO and the CRO, assess the alignment of business performance with CIBCs risk appetite, which includes certain ESG factors such as conduct and culture, client-related risk metrics and talent management metrics, and determine whether any risk adjustments are required to the BPF.
In addition, at year-end, the Committee and Risk Management Committee meet to review the alignment of business performance with CIBCs risk appetite and both committees also review a report that includes information about individual risk and compliance issues arising during the year and the recommended impacts to individual performance assessments and compensation. Following this, if applicable, the Committee recommends for Board approval any changes to individual performance assessments and compensation for the CEO and EXCO members.
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis
2022 Performance and Compensation
2022 Business Performance Factor
CIBCs fiscal 2022 BPF was 101% based on the results outlined in the table below.
Performance Measure | Weighting | 2022 Target | 2022 Actual | Result (Actual vs. Target) | ||||
Adjusted diluted EPS(1) |
35% | $7.07 | $7.05 | $0.02 Below | ||||
Adjusted operating leverage(1) |
15% | -0.4% | -1.9% | 150 bps Below | ||||
Adjusted revenue growth(1) |
15% | 6.6% | 9.0% | 240 bps Above | ||||
CX Index |
25% | 100% | 100% | At | ||||
ESG Index |
10% | 100% | 100% | At |
(1) | Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information and a reconciliation of reported results to adjusted results, where applicable, see the Non-GAAP measures section starting on page 14 of CIBCs 2022 Annual Report available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. |
In fiscal 2022 CIBC delivered solid financial performance. Adjusted diluted EPS was $7.05, essentially aligned with our target and down 2% from fiscal 2021, mainly due to the impact of loan loss provisions following a year of releases in 2021. Adjusted Pre-Provision, Pre-Tax Earnings(1) of $9.4 billion was 7% higher than the prior year and the credit quality of our portfolio remained strong with impaired provisions down 1% compared to 2021. Year-over-year adjusted revenue growth was strong at 9%, driven by robust volume growth across all businesses and ongoing strategic investments as we executed our client-focused strategy that will position CIBC to continue driving long-term growth. These investments contributed to adjusted expense(1) growth of 11% and adjusted operating leverage of (1.9)% in fiscal 2022, a decrease of 260 basis points (bps) from 2021 and 150 bps below target.
In fiscal 2022, we remained focused on transforming the client experience across our bank and enhanced the quality and consistency of our service delivery to our clients. Guided by our purpose of helping make ambitions a reality, we invested in optimizing our digital banking platform to make it easier to do business with us and are working towards a seamless and transparent process to resolve complaints across all of our frontline and escalation channels.
Key Client Experience accomplishments in fiscal 2022 included:
◾ | Achieving strong performance on key client surveys in our Capital Markets and Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management businesses; |
◾ | Scoring 2nd in the 2022 J.D. Power Retail Banking Satisfaction study which is our highest ranking since 2018, and an increase from the 5th position in 2021; |
◾ | Ranking as a Top Ten Registered Investment Advisor in the US for the third consecutive year by Barrons; |
◾ | Being recognized for our online and mobile banking platforms, earning the J.D. Power Online Banking Satisfaction Award, the Ipsos Mobile Excellence Award, and the Digital Bankers Outstanding Digital CX Mobile Banking Award and Outstanding Implementation of Digital CX Initiative by a Team Award; and |
◾ | Continuing to be in the top-tier for our relationship intensive NPS programs, including Private Banking & Commercial Banking in Canada and the US. |
We maintained our strong ESG focus in fiscal 2022 and highlights of our performance against key ESG measures included:
| Achieving above-target progress towards our goal of mobilizing $300 billion in sustainable finance by 2030 driven by strong positive responses from clients and growing opportunities in the market to further invest in sustainability initiatives; |
(1) | Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information and a reconciliation of reported results to adjusted results, where applicable, see the Non-GAAP measures section starting on page 14 of CIBCs 2022 Annual Report available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. |
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis
◾ | Announcing 2030 for financed emissions targets for both our oil and gas and power generation portfolios in support of our net-zero ambition by 2050; |
◾ | Meeting our inclusion and diversity targets in key focus areas, notably for increased representation of both women and under-represented groups in board-approved executive roles; |
◾ | Significantly growing our Indigenous Markets business, particularly in the Commercial Banking and Wealth Management spaces, an important area of our inclusive banking strategy; and |
◾ | Advancing critical work on Data Ethics and Risk Assessment to help ensure the integrity and ethical use of our data. |
Looking ahead to fiscal 2023, in response to stakeholder feedback, we continue to evolve the metrics in our ESG Index to ensure our annual goals align to our multi-year public commitments.
As well, the scope has been further expanded across SBUs and Functional Groups, helping to strengthen our focus on ESG enterprise-wide.
Our BPF, along with the assessment of individual performance, formed the basis for fiscal 2022 NEO compensation as well as the compensation of all our EXCO members.
Talent Management and Succession Planning
Sustaining success over the long-term will depend on our ability to build a strong, future-ready workforce; this entails being able to identify, develop and retain a pipeline of high-potential leaders. Our future-focused talent strategy concentrates on building the leadership capabilities required for future success, augmenting with key, strategic external hires, growing the strengths of our CIBC Team and collectively unlocking potential to ensure we are future-proofing our bank and strengthening our diverse talent pipelines to drive value for our bank today and tomorrow.
The Committee and Board review regular updates on the progress of our talent strategy, the strength and diversity of our pipeline of future leaders and the alignment of CIBCs talent and business strategies. The Committee holds the CEO and EXCO members accountable for the progress of our talent strategy by setting specific goals on talent management, employee engagement and the strength of our leadership pipeline. Achievement against these goals is included in assessing individual performance and determining compensation for the CEO and EXCO members at the end of the year.
Throughout the year, the Committee conducts in-depth executive reviews focused on the strength and diversity of succession pools for key leadership roles across CIBC. At least once a year, the Committee and the Board review succession plans for the CEO and EXCO members across various time frames to ensure that management and the Board have choices when appointing talent in key roles. The Committee and management also discuss key external talent as well as internal talent deeper in the pipeline, with potential over a longer horizon to develop into senior leaders in the organization.
In addition, the Committee reviews the progress of leadership development initiatives and receives reports on employee engagement, turnover, talent segment representation, external recognition of our workplace and other critical employee matters. CIBC continues to receive positive recognition as an employer, and in particular, for our work in the area of inclusion. We are confident that CIBCs talent strategy is designed to attract and retain talented and engaged employees and leaders who are positioned to transform our bank and deliver on our purpose.
At CIBC, our goal is to create teams that reflect the clients and communities we serve with leaders who promote belonging and leverage the unique experiences of each team member. The result of getting this right is an engaged team that creates breakthrough ideas, promotes inclusive client experiences and ultimately helps us live our purpose.
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 72 |
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
We measure our performance through time-bound inclusive human capital goals and it remains a top organizational priority to close gaps where our leadership team and workforce do not reflect the clients and communities we serve. In fiscal 2022, we have continued to make steady progress, including:
◾ | Exceeding our goal for student recruitment from the Black community; |
◾ | Increasing representation of people of colour in board-approved executive roles; and |
◾ | Meeting our workforce representation goal for persons with disabilities, supported by efforts to promote self-disclosure and an enhanced focus on hiring through partnerships. |
We have also made significant investments in inclusive leadership capabilities, deploying programs aimed at helping our team practice intentional inclusion. This included the launch of new eLearning content developed in partnership with First Nations University to help team members understand the unique history of Indigenous peoples in Canada and the continued deployment of our immersive Leading for Equity and Inclusion training which has been completed by 95% of our global leadership team. At the same time, we remained focus on achieving all commitments established through our Reconciliation Framework, the BlackNorth Initiative CEO Pledge and our 5-Year Accessibility Roadmap.
73 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
2022 NEO compensation
CIBCs NEOs are the CEO, the CFO, and the three most highly compensated executive officers in fiscal 2022.
Mr. Dodig
|
As the President and CEO, Mr. Dodig is responsible for developing and executing CIBCs board-approved strategy and leading the day-to-day operations of CIBC.
The Committee evaluated Mr. Dodigs performance relative to his goals for fiscal 2022 and determined that he met or exceeded his key deliverables by continuing to instill a purpose-driven culture across all areas of CIBC ensuring that our actions were aligned with the needs of our clients, team, shareholders and the communities in which we operate. Despite a more challenging environment, Mr. Dodig played a key role in creating a modern, relationship-oriented bank by defining new ways to support our clients and the communities in which we live and work. |
Under Mr. Dodigs leadership, we proudly welcomed over 13,000 team members back to the office in our new state-of-the art global headquarters in Toronto, CIBC Square. Mr. Dodig, together with his leadership team, hosted our investors at our new building in June to share our client-focused strategy and how we are positioning our bank to outperform over the long-term.
Our purpose, to help make the ambitions of our clients, team members, shareholders and members of the community a reality, remains at the forefront of how we operate. Through the execution of our client-focused strategy and leveraging the strategic investments we are making for long-term growth, we delivered strong top-line performance in fiscal 2022. Mr. Dodig has focused his leadership team on strengthening the resilience of our bank which continues to position CIBC well for the evolving macroeconomic environment. You can read more about these developments in the Message to our Fellow Shareholders starting on page 55.
Under Mr. Dodigs leadership, CIBC delivered volume growth in all businesses including our strongest client growth in Canadian Personal and Business Banking since 2017 with the addition of over 350,000 net new clients to our bank (excluding the Costco Canadian co-brand card acquisition), 38% of which are from the affluent segment. Details on achievements across the various business lines are outlined in the table below. Fiscal 2022 proved to be a heavy investment year in order to position CIBC for long-term growth, including the acquisition of the Costco Canadian co-brand credit cards, which resulted in short-term pressure on adjusted operating leverage(1).
Mr. Dodig worked closely with the head of enterprise ESG to further evolve our ESG strategy and the framework in which we track and measure our progress against our ESG initiatives. Under Mr. Dodigs leadership, an initial $70 million, with an aim to grow to $155 million, was invested in the CIBC Foundation to focus efforts on the advancement of social and economic equity by creating greater access to opportunities for underserved communities in Canada, with plans to extend these efforts to the US in the future. CIBC was included among the Best 50 Corporate Citizens in Canada for the 14th time in recognition of our efforts in ESG leadership.
Mr. Dodig continued in his role of CIBCs wellbeing champion because it is important to him personally and to signify the importance of wellbeing to our team. Under his leadership, CIBC launched YourPulse@CIBC on the Virgin Pulse platform to emphasize and encourage all team members to embrace their own health and wellbeing journey.
(1) | Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information and a reconciliation of reported results to adjusted results, where applicable, see the Non-GAAP measures section starting on page 14 of CIBCs 2022 Annual Report available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 74 |
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
In considering compensation for the CEO, the Board conducted a thorough review of Mr. Dodigs performance relative to his key strategic priorities, highlights of which are outlined in the following table:
Key Strategic Priorities | Results | |
Deliver top-tier financial results and create shareholder value | ◾ Rolling five-year TSR of 40.2% was in-line with the Standard & Poors (S&P)/ Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) Composite Banks Index of 40.6%.
◾ Adjusted EPS(1) of $7.05 was down 2% year-over-year and in-line with our 2022 target.
◾ Adjusted ROE(1) of 14.7% was down 2% year-over-year and slightly below our medium-term objective of 15%+.
| |
Focus on key client segments to accelerate our earning growth |
◾ Improved market share in both Personal Deposits and Lending, ranking 2nd in year-over-year balance growth of 9.1% and 9.2% respectively, versus industry growth of 9.2% and 8.0% respectively.
◾ Including Assets Under Management (AUM), CIBC was ranked #1 in total Money-In with year-over-year growth of $2.3 billion or 0.7% (+42 bps in share) compared to industry decline of $110.8 billion or (3.4)%.
◾ CIBC was ranked #1 in credit cards balance growth, gaining 410 bps in market share. | |
Simplify our bank to deliver a modern relationship banking value proposition |
◾ Full year adjusted revenue(2) for Direct Financial Services was 12% ahead of plan and up 18% year-over-year.
◾ Continued to be a leader in financing for the renewables industry, ranking #6 in financing for the renewable energy industry across North America(3).
◾ Our Innovation Banking platform added two locations in the US this year as we continue to grow one of CIBCs future differentiators. Adjusted revenue(2) of $169 million was 135% higher than the prior year. | |
Invest in capabilities to protect our
franchise and maintain long-term positioning |
◾ At year-end, 93.5% of transactions were carried out over digital channels compared to 92.9% last year.
◾ Digital adoption rate of 82.8% was up 6% year-over-year.
◾ The number of digital transactions increased 12.7% to 138 million from 122 million last year.
◾ The Digital Everyday Transaction Rate continued to stay strong against a larger adopted and engaged customer base and exceeded the annual target.
◾ Cloud at Scale enabled innovation and modernization in how our teams work together as well as introduced improvements in security, resiliency and stability for both internal and client facing platforms. | |
Advance our purpose-driven culture |
◾ In support of our net-zero ambition, we announced 2030 targets to reduce the carbon intensity of financed emissions in our oil and gas, and power generation portfolios.
◾ Mobilized $35.9 billion in sustainable finance activities, achieving a cumulative 37.6% (or $112.9 billion) over the past four years towards our 13-year target(4).
◾ Met goals for women, people of colour and black leaders in board-approved executive roles, representation of persons with disabilities and Indigenous peoples, and student recruitment from the Black community.
◾ CIBC had the 2nd lowest voluntary turnover rate amongst its peers.
◾ Engagement scores of 90% across CIBC reflected a high level of engagement and the teams support for the direction and priorities of the organization.
|
(1) | Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information and a reconciliation of reported results to adjusted results, where applicable, see the Non-GAAP measures section starting on page 14 of CIBCs 2022 Annual Report available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. |
(2) | Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For fiscal 2022, adjusted revenue was the same as reported revenue. |
(3) | Inframation. For transactions that closed from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 (North American Renewables League Tables). |
(4) | Sustainable financing largely relates to client activities that support, but are not limited to, sectors such as renewable and emission-free energy, energy efficiency, sustainable infrastructure, sustainable real estate, affordable housing and basic infrastructure, and products such as, sustainability-linked and green financial products. The services offered by CIBC included in our mobilization commitment to support these client activities include loans and loan syndications, debt and equity underwritings, M&A advisory and principal investments. In fiscal 2022 our methodology was updated prospectively to include transactions relating to the affordable housing sector. We did not restate our cumulative performance from fiscal 2018 to fiscal 2021. The affordable housing sector includes loans and investments that meet our obligations under the U.S. Community Reinvestment Act. |
75 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Based on our BPF of 101% and the Boards assessment of his performance, the Board approved a fiscal 2022 GPS award for Mr. Dodig of $9.36 million, which was 104% of his target incentive opportunity and reflects a 12% decrease over fiscal 2021. The percentage of his GPS award that is deferred remained at 80%. The details of the fiscal 2022 award are provided in the table below.
Pay Element ($ unless otherwise noted) |
2022 | 2021 |
| |||||||
Salary (Fixed) |
1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | ||||||||
Cash
PSUs
Options
|
|
1,872,540
5,992,128
1,498,032
|
|
|
2,136,960
6,838,272
1,709,568
|
| ||||
Total GPS (Variable)
% of Target GPS |
|
9,362,700
104.0 |
|
|
10,684,800
118.7 |
| ||||
TDC
% of Target TDC |
|
10,362,700
103.6 |
|
|
11,684,800
116.8 |
|
Fiscal 2023 Target Compensation
Effective fiscal 2023, Mr. Dodigs variable incentive target increased from 900% to 1,000% of base salary to better align his target compensation to market peers following three years at his current target. This change resulted in Mr. Dodigs TDC target increasing from $10.00 million to $11.00 million and a decrease in his ratio of fixed to variable compensation with a heavier weighting placed on variable compensation which is paid to Mr. Dodig in the form of 20% cash and 80% deferred compensation split between PSUs (80%) and options (20%). The Board felt strongly that the increase in Mr. Dodigs compensation be tied directly to both CIBCs performance and his individual performance as captured in the variable incentive award and as a result no change was made to his base salary.
Share Ownership
Mr. Dodig is required to own 8 times his base salary and currently exceeds his share ownership guidelines with a multiple of 28.7.
Equity ownership as at October 31, 2022 using CIBCs share price of $61.87.
DSUs | PSUs |
Direct Share Holdings |
Total | Ownership | ||||||||||||
Units(1) | Value | Units(1) | Value | Units(1) | Value | |||||||||||
Vested |
59,852 | $3,703,052 | - | - | $6,647,359 | 167,293 | $10,350,411 | - | ||||||||
Unvested |
- | - | 296,532 | $18,346,455 | - | 296,532 | $18,346,455 | - | ||||||||
Total |
59,852 | $3,703,052 | 296,532 | $18,346,455 | $6,647,359 | 463,825 | $28,696,866 | 28.7 |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 76 |
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
CEO link between performance and compensation
The chart and accompanying table below illustrate CIBCs strong track record of aligning CEO pay to CIBCs performance. The chart compares the current value of compensation awarded to CIBCs CEO since fiscal 2018 to the value received by shareholders over the same period. The table provides the underlying information reflected in the chart, including the CEOs realized and realizable pay for each year. From fiscal 2018 to 2022, the current value of $100 invested by a shareholder is greater than the value of $100 in compensation awarded to CIBCs CEO.
The current value of the CEO awards as at December 31, 2022 for the fiscal years noted represents the total of:
(1) | realized pay received by the CEO (actual pay from awards received, dividend equivalents paid and options exercised); and |
(2) | potential realizable value of awards yet to be paid (unvested units and unexercised options if still outstanding). |
Year | CEO | TDC Awarded ($) |
A Realized Pay(1) ($) |
B Realizable Pay(2) ($) |
A+ B = C Current Value ($) |
Period |
To ($) |
To ($) | ||||||||||||||||
2018 |
Dodig | 9,526,100 | 10,911,871 | - | 10,911,871 | 10/31/2017 to 12/31/2022 | 115 | 124 | ||||||||||||||||
2019 |
Dodig | 8,509,750 | 8,750,557 | - | 8,750,557 | 10/31/2018 to 12/31/2022 | 103 | 118 | ||||||||||||||||
2020 |
Dodig | 9,010,000 | 2,602,000 | 5,590,234 | 8,192,234 | 10/31/2019 to 12/31/2022 | 91 | 114 | ||||||||||||||||
2021 |
Dodig | 11,684,800 | 3,136,960 | 5,326,363 | 8,463,323 | 10/31/2020 to 12/31/2022 | 72 | 121 | ||||||||||||||||
2022 |
Dodig | 10,362,700 | 2,872,540 | 5,105,931 | 7,978,471 | 10/31/2021 to 12/31/2022 | 77 | 76 | ||||||||||||||||
Weighted Average | 90 | 107 |
(1) | Realized Pay is the sum of salary, cash incentive, the payout value of share units granted during the period, the dividend equivalents paid, and the value of options exercised during the period. |
(2) | Realizable Pay is the sum of the current value of unvested units granted during the period and the in-the-money value of vested and unvested options that are still outstanding. |
(3) | Represents the actual value to the CEO for each $100 awarded in TDC for the fiscal year indicated, as at the end of the period, December 31, 2022. |
(4) | Represents the value of a $100 investment in CIBC common shares made on the first day of the period indicated, assuming reinvestment of dividends. |
77 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Mr. Panossian
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As CFO and Head of Enterprise Strategy, Mr. Panossian is responsible for strategy and corporate development, financial planning and analysis, financial and management reporting, maintenance of accounting records, internal control over financial reporting, regulatory reporting, tax planning and compliance, treasury and balance sheet management and liaising with CIBCs investors.
Mr. Panossian made a strong contribution to CIBCs fiscal 2022 financial performance through his focus on leading our Banks strategic growth agenda. Mr. Panossian, together with his team, led a best-in-class Investor Day in our new CIBC Square location where our priorities were shared with our key investors, including our unique growth drivers as well as quantitative targets and measures of value creation. Mr. Panossian successfully led the strategic planning for our bank as well as the evolution of the Finance organization. Through these efforts Mr. Panossian has built a solid foundation for the function and cultivated strong leadership bench strength across his team. |
Of note, Mr. Panossian was successful in completing the following key initiatives this year:
◾ | Integrated transformation office capabilities into a business as usual function to continue our transformation efforts daily; |
◾ | Began work on modernizing the finance function with the first phase related to Cloud Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP); |
◾ | Further streamlined and enhanced the planning process across our bank through the consolidation of Enterprise Project Management and Finance activities; |
◾ | Enhanced internal research capabilities with real-time competitive benchmarking during earnings releases; and, |
◾ | Maintained a focus on simplification and automation to further streamline work and reduce manual processes. |
The EXCO leaders have shared ESG goals and commitments. In fiscal 2022, Mr. Panossian contributed to the advancement of our purpose and CIBCs ESG commitments by meeting or exceeding targets related to progress towards key employee engagement measures, talent management, inclusion and diversity and wellbeing metrics.
Based on our BPF of 101% and the CEOs assessment of his individual performance, the Board approved a fiscal 2022 GPS award for Mr. Panossian of $2.71 million, which was above his target incentive opportunity. The decrease in Mr. Panossians 2022 GPS award over fiscal 2021 is reflective of the business performance factor, however, it is partially offset by an increase to his base salary and overall total target compensation for fiscal 2022 in recognition of the market median and his progression in role. The details are provided in the table below.
Pay Element ($) |
2022 | 2021 |
![]() | |||||||
Salary (Fixed)(1) |
581,096 | 500,000 | ||||||||
Cash |
813,365 | 882,000 | ||||||||
PSUs |
1,518,282 | 1,646,400 | ||||||||
Options |
379,570 | 411,600 | ||||||||
Total GPS (Variable) |
2,711,217 | 2,940,000 | ||||||||
TDC |
3,292,313 | 3,440,000 |
(1) | In fiscal 2022, Mr. Panossians salary increased effective January 9, 2022 and represents two months at $500,000 and ten months at $600,000. |
Share Ownership
Mr. Panossian is required to own 5 times his base salary and currently exceeds his share ownership guidelines with a multiple of 6.4.
Equity ownership as at October 31, 2022 using CIBCs share price of $61.87.
DSUs | PSUs | Direct Share Holdings |
Total Share Ownership |
Ownership Multiple | ||||||
Total |
$122,949 | $3,223,678 | $508,653 | $3,855,280 | 6.4 |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 78 |
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Mr. Culham
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As Group Head of Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services, Mr. Culham is accountable for CIBCs Capital Markets business and Direct Financial Services. CIBCs Capital Markets business provides integrated Capital Markets products, investment banking advisory services, corporate lending, and top-ranked research to corporate, government and institutional clients around the world. Direct Financial Services (DFS) includes Simplii Financial, Investors Edge and the Alternate Solutions Group. Mr. Culham is also accountable for the oversight of CIBC FirstCaribbean and CIBC Mellon.
Mr. Culham led the Capital Markets and DFS businesses to record results in fiscal 2022 underpinned by a continued focus on growing share in high-growth, high-touch client segments, elevating the client experience, and investing in future differentiators. Under Mr. Culhams leadership, Capital Markets delivered strong growth in the US and globally, despite the evolving market conditions. This growth was driven by disciplined execution of a client-focused strategy and successful expansion of coverage and capabilities aligned to key new economy industry verticals including Renewables. |
Mr. Culham also continued to focus on enhancing connectivity to accelerate the growth of DFS and deepen client relationships across the bank. Significant progress was made against DFSs modernization and growth initiatives in fiscal 2022.
Under Mr. Culhams leadership, the Capital Markets and DFS businesses achieved the following:
◾ | Strong financial performance, with full-year adjusted revenue(1) and pre-provision pre-tax earnings(1) up 11% and 7% respectively; |
◾ | Strong client experience, including Simplii Financial which achieved the leading NPS score amongst digital direct banks in Canada; |
◾ | Doubled the US business over the past five years, with 17% in adjusted revenue growth year-over-year; |
◾ | Successfully grew corporate deposits & cash management balances by 26% year-over-year; |
◾ | Continued to stay highly connected, delivering capital markets solutions to clients across the bank. DFS adjusted revenue grew 18% year-over-year; adjusted revenue with Commercial, Personal and Wealth Management clients grew 14% year-over-year; |
◾ | Continued to be a leader in financing for the renewables industry, ranking #6 in financing for the renewable energy industry across North America(2); |
◾ | Invested in diverse talent and capabilities to support Energy Transition and new US Corporate relationships; and |
◾ | As CIBC Foundation Co-Chair, Mr. Culham oversaw creation a long-term fund and investment strategy. |
The EXCO leaders have shared ESG goals and commitments. In fiscal 2022, Mr. Culham contributed to the advancement of our purpose and CIBCs ESG commitments by meeting or exceeding targets related to progress towards key employee engagement measures, talent management, inclusion and diversity, and wellbeing metrics.
Based on our BPF of 101% and the CEOs assessment of his individual performance, the Board approved a fiscal 2022 GPS award for Mr. Culham of $7.44 million, which was above his target incentive opportunity. Mr. Culham elected to defer 20% of his fiscal 2022 cash incentive, approximately $0.446 million, into DSUs which are payable when he leaves CIBC. In addition to the business performance factor, the decrease in incentive compensation year-over-year is partially attributed to the fact that we increased Mr. Culhams salary in fiscal 2022 to better align to his peers. This increase was offset with a slight decrease in his incentive target while his total target compensation remained the same. The details are provided in the table below.
Pay Element ($) |
2022 | 2021 |
![]() | |||||||
Salary (Fixed)(3) |
581,096 | 500,000 | ||||||||
Cash |
2,233,070 | 2,528,736 | ||||||||
PSUs |
4,168,396 | 4,720,307 | ||||||||
Options |
1,042,099 | 1,180,077 | ||||||||
Total GPS (Variable) |
7,443,565 | 8,429,120 | ||||||||
TDC |
8,024,661 | 8,929,120 |
79 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
(1) | Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information see the Non-GAAP measures section starting on page 14 of CIBCs 2022 Annual Report available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, which section is incorporated by reference herein, including the quantitative reconciliations therein of reported fiscal 2022 GAAP measures to: adjusted revenue on page 15; and adjusted Pre-Provision Pre-Tax Earnings on page 20. |
(2) | Inframation. For transactions that closed from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 (North American Renewables League Tables). |
(3) | In fiscal 2022, Mr. Culhams salary increased effective January 9, 2022 and represents two months at $500,000 and ten months at $600,000. |
Share Ownership
Mr. Culham is required to own 5 times his base salary and currently exceeds his share ownership guidelines with a multiple of 39.0.
Equity ownership as at October 31, 2022 using CIBCs share price of $61.87
DSUs | PSUs | Direct Share Holdings |
Total Share Ownership |
Ownership Multiple | ||||||
Total |
$8,648,669 | $13,328,742 | $1,443,797 | $23,421,208 | 39.0 |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 80 |
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Mr. Capatides
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As Group Head, CIBC US Region and President and CEO, CIBC Bank USA, Mr. Capatides is responsible for middle market commercial banking, wealth management, private banking, and retail and digital banking in the US market.
Mr. Capatides once again made strong contributions to advancing CIBCs strategy and purpose through his leadership. In fiscal 2022, CIBCs US Commercial Banking and Wealth Management business grew and exceeded plan in almost all categories. Under Mr. Capatides leadership the US successfully achieved top-quartile client satisfaction scores and 88% employee engagement. Strong referral activity to Private Banking continued and the business focused on growth with the opening of new branch locations. Mr. Capatides maintained a strong focus on strategic growth initiatives centered on efficiency while balancing deliverables associated with key projects. |
Under Mr. Capatides leadership, the US region accomplished the following:
◾ | Created a Foreign National Banking offer for Canadian CIBC clients looking for banking solutions in the US; |
◾ | Loan volumes, deposit volumes and flows, including reinvested dividends, were above plan despite annual growth in strategic clients trending below target; |
◾ | Made significant progress on efficiency goals to ensure we are well positioned to deliver financial benefits; and |
◾ | Focused on strengthening client relationships by transforming through optimization and simplification to deliver on client commitments with excellence every day. |
Oversaw investments in technology and infrastructure to meet the needs of our US business, continue to deliver market growth, improve client experience and drive efficiency.
In fiscal 2022, adjusted net income(1) for our US Commercial Banking and Wealth franchise totaled US$627 million, down 19.5% from the prior year, driven primarily by increased provision for credit losses as forward looking indicators were revised to reflect a weaker economic environment. Pre-Provision Pre-Tax Earnings(1) of US$927 million was 1.98% higher than the prior year. Adjusted revenue(1) of US$1,902 million was up 8.8% compared to the prior year, supported by 15% loan growth, three-quarters of which originated from new relationships. Mr. Capatides continued focus on the private economy and high-growth client segments also drove strong client growth of 6% in Wealth and Private Banking.
The EXCO leaders have shared ESG goals and commitments. In fiscal 2022, Mr. Capatides contributed to the advancement of our purpose and CIBCs ESG commitments in terms of meeting or exceeding targets related to progress towards key employee engagement measures, talent management, inclusion and diversity and wellbeing metrics.
Based on our BPF of 101% and the CEOs assessment of his individual performance, the Board approved a fiscal 2022 GPS award for Mr. Capatides of US$3.64 million, which was above his target incentive opportunity. The decrease in compensation year-over-year is reflective of the business performance factor. The details are provided in the table below.
Pay Element (US$) |
2022 | 2021 |
![]() | |||||||
Salary (Fixed) |
750,000 | 750,000 | ||||||||
Cash |
1,092,323 | 1,246,569 | ||||||||
PSUs |
2,039,003 | 2,326,929 | ||||||||
Options |
509,750 | 581,732 | ||||||||
Total GPS (Variable) |
3,641,076 | 4,155,230 | ||||||||
TDC |
4,391,076 | 4,905,230 |
(1) | Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information see the Non-GAAP measures section starting on page 14 of CIBCs 2022 Annual Report available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, which section is incorporated by reference herein, including the quantitative reconciliations therein of reported fiscal 2022 GAAP measures to: adjusted net income on page 15; adjusted Pre-Provision Pre-Tax Earnings on page 20; and adjusted revenue on page 15. |
81 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Share Ownership
Mr. Capatides is required to own 5 times his base salary and currently exceeds his share ownership guidelines with a multiple of 10.1.
Equity ownership as at October 31, 2022 using CIBCs share price of $61.87 (in CAD).
DSUs | PSUs | Direct Share Holdings |
Total Share Ownership |
Ownership Multiple | ||||||
Total |
$0 | $8,125,602 | $1,649,207 | $9,774,809 | 10.1 |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 82 |
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Ms. Dottori-Attanasio
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Ms. Dottori-Attanasio retired from CIBC effective February 1, 2023. During her time as Group Head, Personal and Business Banking, Canada, Ms. Dottori-Attanasio was responsible for advice, services and products to best meet the needs of clients through their preferred channels as CIBC seeks to help make their ambitions a reality.
Under Ms. Dottori-Attanasios leadership, Personal and Business Banking had another solid year as the team remained focused on delivering the very best in client satisfaction with respect to products and services, simplifying our processes to optimize efficiency for our frontline and corporate teams, and driving growth by investing in technology and digital capabilities to gain a competitive advantage. Ms Dottori-Attanasios contribution to advancing CIBCs strategy and purpose was demonstrated through her leadership in successfully navigating the economic challenges that arose in 2022 while maintaining a consistent focus on helping to make our clients ambitions a reality through strong execution and investing diligently to enhance initiatives that support the capability within our frontline, making it easier for our clients to do business with us. Under Ms. Dottori-Attanasios leadership, our Canadian Personal and Business Banking business delivered adjusted revenue(1) growth of 9%, supported by year-over-year deposit and asset growth of 9% and 12% respectively. This was underpinned by our strongest client growth since 2017 with the addition of over 350,000 net new clients to our bank. |
Adjusted net income(1) of $2,396 million was 4% lower than 2021, driven primarily by higher provision for credit losses reflecting a weaker economic environment. Adjusted Pre-Provision Pre-Tax Earnings(1) of $4,039 million was 7.8% higher than the prior year.
Under Ms. Dottori-Attanasio, the team continued to demonstrate a deep commitment to our clients, community and each other with the following accomplishments:
◾ | In 2022, we successfully transitioned over 2 million Costco Canadian co-brand credit cards and franchised over 30,000 of these new card clients to hold additional CIBC products and services; |
◾ | Ranked #1 in J.D. Powers Customer Satisfaction for Online Banking, #2 in J.D. Powers Client Satisfaction survey and we were recognized for delivering Outstanding Digital Client Experience by Digital Bank; |
◾ | We made investments to upgrade our digital capabilities for better business banking client experiences by partnering with Pollinate to create Tyl by CIBC for faster, better business banking client experience; |
◾ | Partnered with nCino to provide clients with a modern experience through a flexible cloud-based banking platform; |
◾ | Collaborated with Willful to offer digital solutions for estate planning for clients; |
◾ | Introduced CIBC Smart Start, an enhanced youth and student banking offer providing market-leading value; |
◾ | Delivered a market-leading Interac e-Transfer feature, enabling clients to set recurring or future-dated e-Transfer payments; and |
◾ | Helped clients learn how to integrate climate action into their everyday lives through our new CIBC Climate Centre on cibc.com. |
The EXCO leaders have shared ESG goals and commitments. In fiscal 2022, Ms. Dottori-Attanasio contributed to the advancement of our purpose and CIBCs ESG commitments in terms of meeting or exceeding targets related to progress towards key employee engagement measures, talent management, inclusion and diversity and wellbeing metrics.
Based on our BPF of 101% and the CEOs assessment of her individual performance, the Board approved a fiscal 2022 GPS award for Ms. Dottori-Attanasio of $3.38 million which was above her target incentive opportunity. The decrease in compensation year-over-year is reflective of the business performance factor and is partially offset by an increase to her target compensation for fiscal 2022 to better align her to the market median level of pay and recognize her progression in this role. The details are provided in the table below.
Pay Element ($) |
2022 | 2021 |
![]() | |||||||
Salary (Fixed) |
750,000 | 750,000 | ||||||||
Cash |
1,014,308 | 1,058,400 | ||||||||
PSUs |
1,893,375 | 1,975,680 | ||||||||
Options |
473,344 | 493,920 | ||||||||
Total GPS (Variable) |
3,381,027 | 3,528,000 | ||||||||
TDC |
4,131,027 | 4,278,000 |
(1) | Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information see the Non-GAAP measures section starting on page 14 of CIBCs 2022 Annual Report available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, which section is incorporated by reference herein, including the quantitative reconciliations therein of reported fiscal 2022 GAAP measures to: adjusted revenue on page 15; adjusted net income on page 15; and adjusted Pre-Provision Pre-Tax Earnings on page 20. |
83 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Share Ownership
Ms. Dottori-Attanasio is required to own 5 times her base salary and currently exceeds her share ownership guidelines with a multiple of 10.1.
Equity ownership as at October 31, 2022 using CIBCs share price of $61.87
DSUs | PSUs | Direct Share Holdings |
Total Share Ownership |
Ownership Multiple | ||||||
Total |
$1,568,767 | $5,305,691 | $693,575 | $7,568,033 | 10.1 |
Backtesting of NEO total compensation versus TSR
The chart below compares CIBCs cumulative TSR over the five-year period from November 1, 2017 through October 31, 2022, with the cumulative TSR of the S&P/TSX Composite and S&P/TSX Composite Banks indices over the same period. The change in annual NEO total compensation over this same period demonstrates the alignment of CIBC NEO pay with CIBC performance.
Cumulative Return(1) (%) | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||
CIBC |
100.00 | 104.71 | 109.09 | 102.65 | 162.22 | 140.23 | ||||||||||||||||||
S&P/TSX Composite Index |
100.00 | 96.59 | 109.39 | 106.88 | 148.31 | 141.06 | ||||||||||||||||||
S&P/TSX Composite Banks Index |
100.00 | 98.91 | 109.06 | 94.26 | 146.60 | 140.62 | ||||||||||||||||||
CIBC NEO Total Compensation(2) |
100.00 | 133.52 | 116.15 | 115.06 | 144.04 | 130.79 |
(1) | With dividends reinvested. |
(2) | The 2017 CIBC NEO total compensation is expressed as $100 compared to total compensation for subsequent years. CIBC NEO total compensation includes salary, cash incentive, grant date value of equity incentive awards, the compensatory portion of the change in the accrued pension obligation in the year, and all other compensation as reported in the Summary compensation table on page 85 of this Circular. The 2017 CIBC NEO Total Compensation excludes for Mr. Richman a deferred incentive award of US$8.20 (C$10.72) million, received upon the closing of CIBCs acquisition of PrivateBancorp, Inc and Mr. Khandelwals buy-out award of C$9.85 million. The 2019 CIBC NEO Total Compensation shown includes only the five highest paid NEOs (six NEOs were disclosed in the 2019 proxy circular). |
Cost of management ratio (COMR)
The table below summarizes CIBC NEO total compensation as a percentage of reported net income over the past three fiscal years. While the composition of NEOs may change from year to year, the fixed definition of executives included in this group allows for the comparability of compensation amounts between years.
Year | NEO Total Compensation(1) ($000s) |
Reported Net Income(2) ($ millions) |
NEO Total Compensation as a % of Reported Net Income(2) | |||
2022 |
33,576 | 6,243 | 0.54 | |||
2021 |
36,977 | 6,446 | 0.57 | |||
2020 |
29,538 | 3,792 | 0.78 |
(1) | CIBC NEO total compensation includes salary, cash incentive, grant date value of equity incentive awards, the compensatory portion of the change in the accrued pension obligation in the year, and all other compensation as reported in the Summary compensation table on page 85 of this Circular. |
(2) | COMR based on NEO total compensation as a percentage of adjusted net income was 0.51% for fiscal 2022, 0.55% for fiscal 2021, 0.66% for fiscal 2020. Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information and a reconciliation of reported results to adjusted results, where applicable, see the Non-GAAP measures section starting on page 14 of CIBCs 2022 Annual Report available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 84 |
Summary compensation table
The table below shows the compensation earned in fiscal 2022, 2021, and 2020 by CIBCs five NEOs.
Name and Principal Position |
Year | Salary ($) |
Share-based Awards(1) ($) |
Option-based
($) |
Non-equity Variable ($) |
Pension ($) |
All
Other Compensation(5) ($) |
Total Compensation ($) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Victor Dodig(6) |
2022 | 1,000,000 | 5,992,128 | 1,498,032 | 1,872,540 | 650,000 | 2,250 | 11,014,950 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CEO |
|
2021 2020 |
|
|
1,000,000 1,000,000 |
|
|
6,838,272 5,126,400 |
|
|
1,709,568 1,281,600 |
|
|
2,136,960 1,602,000 |
|
|
1,066,000 666,000 |
|
|
2,250 2,250 |
|
|
12,753,050 9,678,250 |
| ||||||||
Hratch Panossian |
2022 | 581,096(7) | 1,518,282 | 379,570 | 813,365 | 83,000 | 2,250 | 3,377,563 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CFO and Enterprise Strategy |
|
2021 2020 |
|
|
500,000 500,000 |
|
|
1,646,400 1,059,420 |
|
|
411,600 239,855 |
|
|
882,000 513,975 |
|
|
91,000 205,000 |
|
|
2,250 2,250 |
|
|
3,533,250 2,520,500 |
| ||||||||
Harry Culham |
2022 | 581,096(7) | 4,168,396 | 1,042,099 | 2,233,070 | 194,000 | 2,250 | 8,220,911 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group Head, Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services | |
2021 2020 |
|
|
500,000 500,000 |
|
|
4,720,307 3,654,518 |
|
|
1,180,077 913,630 |
|
|
2,528,736 1,957,777 |
|
|
210,000 214,000 |
|
|
2,250 2,250 |
|
|
9,141,370 7,242,175 |
| ||||||||
Michael Capatides(8) |
2022 | 968,925 | 2,634,187 | 658,546 | 1,411,172 | 409,324 | 534,655 | 6,616,809 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group Head, CIBC US Region, President and CEO, CIBC Bank USA | |
2021 2020 |
|
|
941,625 1,008,225 |
|
|
2,921,459 2,380,753 |
|
|
730,365 595,188 |
|
|
1,565,067 1,275,404 |
|
|
382,667 400,536 |
|
|
506,848 868,182 |
|
|
7,048,031 6,528,288 |
| ||||||||
Laura Dottori-Attanasio |
2022 | 750,000 | 1,893,375 | 473,344 | 1,014,308 | 212,000 | 2,250 | 4,345,277 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group Head, Personal and Business Banking, Canada | |
2021 2020 |
|
|
750,000 750,000 |
|
|
1,975,680 1,448,849 |
|
|
493,920 362,212 |
|
|
1,058,400 776,169 |
|
|
221,000 229,000 |
|
|
2,250 2,250 |
|
|
4,501,250 3,568,480 |
|
(1) | Amounts shown represent the grant date value of PSUs awarded under the PSU Plan for the specified fiscal years. The value of one PSU at grant is the average closing price of one CIBC common share on the TSX for the 10 trading days before December 1st for the specified fiscal years. Mr. Panossians share-based award value includes a one-time C$100,000 DSU award granted in 2020; the value of one DSU at grant is the average closing price of one CIBC common share on the TSX for the 10 trading days before December 3rd, 2020. |
(2) | Amounts shown are grant date fair values (compensation values) determined using a Black-Scholes model. For the specified fiscal years, the key model assumptions, accounting fair value (AFV) and variance between the compensation values and AFV are summarized in the tables below: |
Measure |
Grants made in December 2022 for fiscal 2022 |
Grants made in December 2021 for fiscal 2021 |
Grants made in December 2020 for fiscal 2020 | |||||||||||
Methodology
Risk-free rate (%)
Dividend yield (%)
Share price volatility (%)
Term (years)
Compensation value ($)
|
5-year Black-Scholes average
2.77
5.72
18.02
10
4.16
|
5-year Black-Scholes average
1.45
4.60
16.84
10
5.98
|
5-year Black-Scholes average
0.80
5.27
17.3
10
5.55
| |||||||||||
Name | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||
AFV ($4.52 per option) |
Variance ($) |
AFV ($4.68 per option) |
Variance ($) |
AFV ($3.37 per option) |
Variance ($) | |||||||||
Victor Dodig |
1,626,638 | (128,606) | 1,338,985 | 370,583 | 778,120 | 503,480 | ||||||||
Hratch Panossian |
412,157 | (32,587) | 322,377 | 89,223 | 145,631 | 94,224 | ||||||||
Harry Culham |
1,131,564 | (89,465) | 924,272 | 255,805 | 554,709 | 358,921 | ||||||||
Michael Capatides |
742,372 | (58,694) | 577,924 | 152,441 | 350,473 | 244,715 | ||||||||
Laura Dottori-Attanasio |
513,984 | (40,640) | 386,858 | 107,062 | 219,919 | 142,293 |
(3) | Non-equity Variable Incentive Awards consist entirely of the annual performance-based cash incentive. Executives may elect voluntarily to defer all or part of their annual incentive into DSUs. For 2022, 2021, and 2020, Mr. Culham elected to defer 20% of his cash incentive of $2,233,070, 20% of his cash incentive of $2,528,736 and 30% of his cash incentive of $1,957,777, into DSUs. Values will be converted to units based on the average share price in the 10 trading days preceding December 1 of the respective years. |
(4) | Amounts shown represent the compensatory value of changes in the pension obligation during the specified fiscal years. For Mr. Capatides, the amounts shown also include CIBCs contributions to his US 401(k) savings plan of $27,324 in fiscal 2022, $16,667 in fiscal 2021 and $12,536 in fiscal 2020 converted to Canadian dollars at the average WM/Reuters exchange rate of US$1.00 = C$1.2919 for fiscal 2022, US$1.00 = C$1.2555 for fiscal 2021 and US$1.00 = C$1.3443 for fiscal 2020. |
(5) | Amounts shown for Mr. Dodig, Mr. Panossian, Mr. Culham and Ms. Dottori-Attanasio represent CIBCs contributions to their Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP) accounts. For all NEOs, the amounts shown exclude the value of perquisites as they are less than $50,000 for each NEO. For the CEO, the amounts also exclude the value of any personal use of the CIBC plane by the CEO because he reimburses CIBC for this cost. |
85 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Compensation Disclosure
The amounts shown also exclude dividend equivalent amounts earned on any PSU, Restricted Share Award (RSA) and/or DSU awards granted in prior years as the expected dividend equivalents were factored into the disclosed grant date fair value of the awards, as applicable. The reinvested dividend equivalent amounts for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 are $1,129,501, $1,002,647, and $936,933 respectively, for Mr. Dodig; $171,433, $111,355, and $70,953 for Mr. Panossian; $1,125,808, $1,010,636, and $974,696 for Mr. Culham; $416,240, $363,321, and $331,197 in Canadian dollars for Mr. Capatides; $352,149, $319,154, and $316,545 for Ms. Dottori-Attanasio. |
Amounts shown for Mr. Capatides represent tax equalization payments made on his behalf for Canadian income taxes paid in excess of US income taxes. |
(6) | Mr. Dodigs 2021 pension value includes a past service cost of $360,000 as a result of the amendment to the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan effective November 1, 2020. |
(7) | Mr. Panossians fiscal 2022 salary represents two months at $500,000 and ten months at $600,000. Mr. Culhams fiscal 2022 salary represents two months at $500,000 and ten months at $600,000. |
(8) | Compensation for Mr. Capatides is determined and paid in US dollars. Mr. Capatides salary is $750,000 in US dollars for 2022, 2021 and 2020. All compensation figures, except for the Pension Value, have been converted to Canadian dollars using the Average WM/ Reuters exchange rate of US$1.00 = C$1.2919 for fiscal 2022, US$1.00 = C$1.2555 for fiscal 2021, and US$1.00 = C$1.3443 for fiscal 2020. Mr. Capatides Pension Value has been converted to Canadian dollars using the WM/Reuters spot exchange rate on October 31 of US$1.00 = C$1.3622 for 2022, US$1.00 = C$1.2374 for 2021 and US$1.00 = C$1.3321 for 2020. |
Incentive plan awards value vested or earned during the financial year
The table below includes information on the value of incentive plan awards vested or earned by each NEO during fiscal 2022.
Name | Value of Option-based ($) |
Value of Share-based Vested and Paid Out During ($) |
Value of Non-equity Variable Incentive Awards Earned During the Year(4) ($) | |||||||||
Victor Dodig |
14,686,698 | 7,780,347 | 1,872,540 | |||||||||
Hratch Panossian |
1,281,272 | 730,683 | 813,365 | |||||||||
Harry Culham |
12,910,121 | 6,457,228 | 2,233,070 | |||||||||
Michael Capatides |
6,032,898 | 3,138,597 | 1,411,172 | |||||||||
Laura Dottori-Attanasio |
4,864,908 | 2,439,390 | 1,014,308 |
(1) | Values shown are the difference between the exercise price of the awards and the closing price of CIBC common shares on the TSX on the vesting date. As the NEO may not have exercised the options on the vesting date or subsequently, the amount shown may not reflect an actual amount realized by the NEO. |
(2) | The value is based on the number of options vested multiplied by the difference between exercise price of the awards and the closing price of CIBC common shares on the TSX on the vesting date. |
(3) | Values shown relate to the vesting and payment of PSUs in fiscal 2022. With respect to PSUs, the performance factor applied to the PSUs granted in December 2018 for fiscal 2018 to determine the final amount paid out to participants in December 2021 was 100%, based on CIBCs ROE performance from November 1, 2018 to October 31, 2021. |
(4) | Values shown are the sum of annual performance-based cash incentives for fiscal 2022 disclosed in the Summary compensation table. Mr. Capatides annual cash bonus award was paid in US dollars and has been converted to Canadian dollars at an average WM/Reuters exchange rate for fiscal 2022 of US$1.00 = C$1.2919. |
2019 PSU vesting
The vesting percentage for PSUs granted in 2019 that vested in December 2022 was 100% based on the average of the ROE performance factor of 105% and the TSR performance factor of 95%, resulting from a number three ranking in ROE and number four ranking in TSR over the three-year performance period. The vesting percentage calculation details for the specified fiscal year are shown in the table below. See Deferred incentive award starting on page 65 for the scale.
CIBC PSU Vesting Calculation for 2019 PSU Grants | Vesting | |||||||||||||||||
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
Average |
CIBC Rank |
Performance |
|||||||||||||
ROE(1) |
11.7% |
16.7% |
14.7% |
14.4% |
3 |
105% |
100% | |||||||||||
TSR | (5.9)% | 58.0% | (13.6)% | 12.9% | 4 | 95% |
(1) | 2022 ROE results reflect adjusted ROE. Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information and a reconciliation of reported results to adjusted results, where applicable, see the Non-GAAP measures section starting on page 14 of CIBCs 2022 Annual Report available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 86 |
Compensation Disclosure
Incentive plan awards outstanding option and share-based awards
The table below shows the specified information for option-based and share-based awards previously awarded to the NEOs that remain outstanding as at October 31, 2022.
Name |
Compensation Year |
Option-based Awards(1)(8) | Share-based Awards(2)(8) | |||||||||||||||||
Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) |
Option Exercise Price(3) ($) |
Option Expiration Date |
Value of Unexercised in-the-money Options ($) |
Value of Options Exercised (4)(5)(6) ($) |
Plan |
Units or Shares Not Vested (#) |
Market or Payout Value of Share-based Awards Not Vested(7) ($) |
Market or Payout Value of Vested Share- Not Paid Out or Distributed ($) | ||||||||||||
Victor Dodig |
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 |
23,088 172,750 156,542 195,402 188,718 230,896 286,108 |
48.905 55.845 60.01 55.75 54.935 55.395 70.05 |
06-Dec-2025 08-Dec-2026 13-Dec-2027 02-Dec-2028 08-Dec-2029 06-Dec-2030 05-Dec-2031 |
299,336 1,040,819 291,168 1,195,860 1,308,759 1,495,052 |
|
DSU
PSU PSU PSU |
97,215 102,067 97,250 |
4,511,030 4,736,184 4,512,627 |
3,703,052
| ||||||||||
Hratch Panossian |
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2021 |
5,530 9,006 12,272 12,322 18,352 18,614 43,214
68,884 |
51.165 48.905 55.845 60.01 55.75 54.935 55.395
70.05 |
07-Dec-2024 06-Dec-2025 08-Dec-2026 13-Dec-2027 02-Dec-2028 08-Dec-2029 06-Dec-2030
05-Dec-2031 |
59,199 116,763 73,939 22,919 112,314 129,088 279,811
|
|
PSU DSU PSU PSU |
9,588 1,987 19,102 23,414 |
444,897 122,949 886,390 1,086,472 |
| ||||||||||
Harry Culham |
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
2020
2021
|
100,000 147,430 162,174 146,642
164,602
197,494 |
48.905 55.845 60.01 55.75 54.935
55.395
70.05 |
06-Dec-2025 08-Dec-2026 13-Dec-2027 02-Dec-2028 08-Dec-2029
06-Dec-2030
05-Dec-2031 |
602,500 274,220 992,505 1,016,962
1,065,798
|
1,049,138 1,516,125
|
DSU DSU DSU DSU DSU PSU DSU PSU DSU PSU |
75,540 72,762 67,129 |
3,505,250 3,376,340 3,114,966 |
2,098,737 1,060,427 1,547,286 1,521,847 1,251,875 723,501 444,995 | ||||||||||
Michael Capatides |
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 |
32,888 78,826 84,226 103,998 123,488 |
60.01 55.75 54.935 55.395 70.05 |
13-Dec-2027 02-Dec-2028 08-Dec-2029 06-Dec-2030 05-Dec-2031 |
61,172 482,415 584,107 673,387 |
|
PSU PSU PSU |
43,387 45,972 41,974 |
2,013,277 2,133,236 1,947,688 |
| ||||||||||
Laura Dottori- Attanasio |
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 |
30,632 55,932 65,258 82,662 |
48.905 55.845 60.01 55.75 54.935 55.395 70.05 |
06-Dec-2025 08-Dec-2026 13-Dec-2027 02-Dec-2028 08-Dec-2029 06-Dec-2030 05-Dec-2031 |
187,468 387,888 422,546 |
711,545 918,488 743,236 460,289 |
DSU
DSU
PSU PSU PSU |
28,812 28,847 28,097 |
1,336,938 1,338,564 1,303,766 |
405,960
1,162,806
|
(1) | Options are in respect of CIBC common shares. Options generally vest 50% on the third anniversary and 50% on the fourth anniversary of the grant date. |
(2) | PSUs vest and are cash-settled at the end of three years and the number of units that vest is determined by CIBCs ROE and TSR performance relative to CIBCs compensation peer group. |
The DSUs shown for Mr. Dodig, Mr. Culham and Ms. Dottori-Attanasio reflect annual performance-based incentive awards which have been deferred into DSUs. Such DSUs are fully vested but are not payable until termination of employment, retirement or death. The DSUs shown for Mr. Panossian will vest at the end of five years but are not payable until termination of employment, retirement or death. |
(3) | The option exercise price is equivalent to the closing market value of CIBC common shares on the trading day immediately preceding the date of grant. |
(4) | The value of options exercised during fiscal 2022 that were granted in previous years. Amounts are the proceeds received (the difference between the exercise price of the options and the market price of the CIBC common shares on the exercise date) before deductions for taxes and commissions. |
(5) | Amounts shown for Mr. Culham relate to sales in January 2022 of 40,000 shares upon exercises of his remaining 2015 Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) grant, and sales in March 2022 of 64,898 shares upon partial exercises of his 2016 ESOP grant. |
(6) | Amounts shown for Ms. Dottori-Attanasio relate to sales in December 2021 of 31,336 shares upon exercises of her remaining 2015 ESOP grant, 61,610 shares upon exercise of her remaining 2016 ESOP grant, 55,398 shares upon exercise of her remaining 2017 ESOP grant, and 30,634 shares upon exercise of her 2018 ESOP grant. |
(7) | Amounts shown are the threshold payout values of 75% of the applicable units. |
(8) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
87 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Compensation Disclosure
Equity ownership of NEOs at October 31, 2022
All CIBC executives (including the NEOs) and Managing Directors are expected to hold a minimum amount of equity in CIBC. Equity ownership includes all shares held in the ESPP or personal investment accounts outside of CIBC, DSUs and PSUs. It does not include the value of any in-the-money option grants. Newly appointed executives and external hires have five years from their appointment date to meet the minimum guideline, while executives promoted to a more senior level have three years to meet the applicable guidelines. Share ownership guidelines extend into retirement for all NEOs and are noted in the table below.
The table below shows NEO equity ownership relative to the minimum guideline for their position. All NEOs currently exceed the guidelines.
Name |
Minimum Equity Ownership Guideline (Multiple of Salary) |
Hold Period (years) |
Ownership(2) (Multiple of Salary) |
Equity Ownership(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
DSUs ($) |
PSUs(2) ($) |
Direct Share ($) |
Total(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
($) | Units (#) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Victor Dodig Hratch Panossian Harry Culham Michael Capatides(4) Laura Dottori-Attanasio |
8.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 |
2 1 1 1 1 |
|
28.7 6.4 39.0 10.1 10.1 |
|
|
3,703,052 122,949 8,648,669 1,568,767 |
|
|
18,346,455 3,223,678 13,328,742 8,125,602 5,305,691 |
|
|
6,647,359 508,653 1,443,797 1,649,207 693,575 |
|
|
28,696,866 3,855,280 23,421,208 9,774,809 7,568,033 |
|
|
463,825 62,313 378,555 157,989 122,322 |
|
(1) | Amounts shown have been calculated using CIBCs share price of $61.87 as at October 31, 2022 (the last trading day in the 2022 fiscal year). On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | For purposes of determining Equity Ownership, PSUs are valued based on a performance factor of 100%. |
(3) | Amounts shown represent the aggregate value and number of CIBC common shares, DSUs and PSUs held. |
(4) | For Mr. Capatides, his base salary has been converted from US dollars to Canadian dollars at an average WM/Reuters exchange rate for fiscal 2022 of US $1.00 = C$ 1.2919. |
Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans
The table below provides information at October 31, 2022 on common shares authorized for issuance under the ESOP and the PrivateBancorp Option Plans, which are the only CIBC equity compensation plans that provide for the issuance of shares from treasury.
A | B | C | |||||||||||||
Equity Compensation Plans |
Securities to be Issued upon Exercise of Outstanding (#)(2) |
Weighted-average Outstanding Options ($) |
Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans (excluding securities in column A) (#)(2) | ||||||||||||
Approved by security holders
Not approved by security holders(1) |
|
11,167,822
270,202 |
|
|
58.49
24.80 |
|
|
13,852,234
Nil |
| ||||||
Total |
11,438,024 | 57.69 | 13,852,234 |
(1) | CIBCs assumption of PrivateBancorps equity compensation plans in connection with its acquisition of PrivateBancorp, Inc. in June 2017 did not require approval by security holders under applicable securities legislation and stock exchange rules. |
(2) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 88 |
Compensation Disclosure
Options outstanding and available for grant at December 31, 2022
The table below provides additional disclosure on options outstanding and available for grant under the ESOP and the options outstanding under the PrivateBancorp Plans.
A | B | C = A+B | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Options Outstanding | Options Available for Grant | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Plan | (#)(1) | % of Common Shares Outstanding |
(#)(1) | % of Common Shares Outstanding |
(#)(1) | % of Common Shares Outstanding |
||||||||||||||||||
ESOP(2)
PrivateBancorp Plans(3) |
|
14,603,454
263,578 |
|
|
1.61
0.03 |
|
|
10,330,398
Nil |
|
|
1.14
Nil |
|
|
24,933,852
263,578 |
|
|
2.75
0.03 |
| ||||||
Total |
14,867,032 | 1.64 | 10,330,398 | 1.14 | 25,197,430 | 2.78 |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | At October 31, 2022, the total number of common shares issuable under options outstanding was 11,167,822, the total number of common shares issuable under options available for grant was 13,852,234 and the total number of common shares outstanding was 906,040,097. |
(3) | Upon the acquisition of PrivateBancorp, Inc. in June 2017, 1,119,211 CIBC common shares were reserved for issuance to settle outstanding PrivateBancorp option awards. These option awards were granted under the 2007 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan (2007 Plan), 2007 Strategic Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan (Strategic Plan) and the 2011 Amended and Restated Incentive Compensation Plan (2011 Plan) (collectively, the PrivateBancorp Plans) and were converted into options to acquire CIBC shares based on the relative values of the PrivateBancorp, Inc. shares to the CIBC common shares pursuant to the acquisition. |
CIBCs limited use of options is reflected in the ratios shown in the table below, which are well within best practice guidelines.
Measure | Year | ESOP |
PrivateBancorp Plans | |||
Dilution(1) number of options granted but not exercised/total number of common shares outstanding at the end of the fiscal year |
2022 2021 2020 |
1.23% 1.10% |
0.03% 0.04% | |||
Overhang(1) (number of options available to be granted + options granted but not exercised)/total number of common shares outstanding at the end of the fiscal year |
2022 2021 2020 |
2.76% 2.91% |
0.06% 0.08% | |||
Burn Rate(2) |
||||||
total number of options granted in a fiscal year/weighted average number of common shares outstanding in the fiscal year |
2022 2021 2020 |
0.28% 0.24% 0.18% |
|
(1) | All figures are calculated as a percentage of common shares outstanding on October 31 of the specified fiscal years. |
(2) | The burn rate is expressed as a percentage calculated by dividing the number of options granted during the fiscal year (e.g., ESOP 2,565,310 for fiscal 2022) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the fiscal year (e.g., 903,311,571 for fiscal 2022). |
Restrictions on trading and hedging CIBC Securities
To maintain the intended alignment between individual and shareholder interests, CIBC prohibits directors, officers and employees from using hedging strategies to offset a decrease in market value of CIBC securities. The policy specifically prohibits directly or indirectly:
| buying or selling call options, put options or forward derivative contracts with respect to CIBC shares; |
| buying or selling any other over-the-counter derivative product used to hedge exposure to CIBC shares; and |
| selling CIBC shares if they do not own or have not fully paid for them (i.e., a short sale). |
89 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Compensation Disclosure
Deferred incentive compensation plans key terms and conditions
The following tables summarize key terms and conditions of CIBCs ESOP, PSU Plan and DSU Plan. The Committee and Board must approve changes to key terms and conditions and any other material amendments to these plans. Certain amendments to the ESOP are subject to shareholder approval. Annually, the Committee reviews an assessment by CIBCs control functions of plan compliance with regulatory requirements and CIBCs risk management, governance, control and policy requirements. When plan design changes and awards are recommended, the Committee reviews scenario analysis and backtesting to ensure the plan design objectives are achieved.
ESOP
Eligibility |
Any full-time employee of CIBC (or any of its subsidiaries) as may be designated by the Committee. | |
Term |
10 years from the date of grant (subject to a shorter term for changes in employment status or extension due to the application of trading restrictions as described below). | |
Vesting |
Outstanding grants vest 50% on each of the third and fourth anniversaries of the grant date. | |
Exercise Price |
Set by the Committee, but must not be less than the closing market price of CIBC common shares on the TSX on the trading day immediately preceding the date of grant. CIBC has established an option grant date policy that sets out a process for determining the date of grant for options, which is to be applied consistently to all options granted pursuant to the ESOP, and facilitates CIBCs compliance with the requirements of the ESOP and the TSX for the grant of options. Where the Committee authorizes a grant of options at a time when CIBCs internal trading restrictions are in effect or where the price of CIBC common shares otherwise does not reflect all material information known to management, the effective date of the grant is the date on which the trading restrictions have been removed or the third trading day after all material information regarding CIBC has been disclosed, respectively, unless a later date is specified by the Committee. | |
Securities Reserved for Issue |
The number of common shares which may be issued from treasury cannot exceed 105,269,000. | |
Individual and Insider Limits |
Pursuant to the ESOP, the maximum number of common shares that may be issued to any one person upon the exercise of options may not exceed 5% of the number of common shares then outstanding; however, this number has been fixed at 1% of the number of CIBC common shares then issued and outstanding by resolution of the Committee. No options shall be granted to any participant if such grant could result in the number of CIBC common shares: (a) issued to insiders in any one year, or (b) issuable to insiders, at any time, in each case, pursuant to the exercise of options issued under the ESOP, or when combined with all other securities-based compensation arrangements, exceeding 10% of the issued and outstanding CIBC common shares. | |
Termination |
Resignation or termination of employment with cause: options are forfeited after 30 days. Termination of employment without cause: unvested options continue to vest, and vested options remain outstanding and exercisable, for the length of the employee severance period. Retirement: options continue to vest and can be exercised subject to the original vesting and expiry dates, provided the participant is 55 years of age or older on retirement. | |
Blackout Period Extension |
The term of options that are scheduled to expire during, or shortly after, a period in which the option holder is prohibited from exercising the option due to trading restrictions is automatically extended so that they expire 10 business days after any applicable trading restrictions end. | |
Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs) |
CIBC may attach a term to options that up to 50% of the options granted can be exercised as SARs (there are currently no outstanding options with SARs attached to them). | |
Assignability |
ESOP award recipients are generally not permitted to assign or transfer their options. An option recipient may assign their rights to, or to the benefit of, a spouse, minor child or minor grandchild, or a trust of which any combination of the option recipient and any of the foregoing are beneficiaries, with CIBCs prior approval. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 90 |
Compensation Disclosure
Amendments |
Shareholder approval is required for the following amendments (unless the change results from application of the anti-dilution provisions of the ESOP): increasing the number of common shares that can be issued under the ESOP; reducing the strike (exercise) price of an outstanding option; extending the expiry date of an outstanding option or amending the ESOP to permit the grant of an option with an expiry date of more than 10 years from the grant date; changing the provisions relating to the transferability of options, other than for estate settlement purposes; expanding the categories of individuals eligible to participate in the ESOP; amending the ESOP to provide for other types of compensation through equity issuance; removing or exceeding the insider participation limit contained in the ESOP; amending the ESOPs amending provisions; or making any amendment to the ESOP for which shareholder approval is required under applicable laws or stock exchange rules. Beyond these material plan amendments, the Committee may make changes to the ESOP, or the administration thereof, from time to time without shareholder approval (such as administrative changes, of a drafting or clarifying nature or to address regulatory and other developments and setting the terms, conditions and mechanics of grant, including with respect to vesting, exercise and expiry). In setting and amending the terms of CIBCs stock option plans, the Committee reviews and recommends the terms and conditions of any new plan or any change in the terms and conditions of any existing plan to the Board for approval. | |
Clawback |
Grants are subject to clawback for misconduct(1). |
(1) | Any individual who engages in misconduct that results in a significant financial loss to CIBC or causes or caused a material restatement of CIBCs financial statements will be required to repay to CIBC upon demand the total value of any gains arising from options that vested and were exercised within the 12 months preceding the date on which CIBC determined that such significant loss occurred or such material restatement of its financial statements is required due to the individuals misconduct. In addition, all outstanding options that vested within the previous 12 months will be cancelled. |
Misconduct is defined as (i) serious misconduct, (ii) fraud, (iii) a material breach of the terms and conditions of employment, (iv) willful breach of the provisions of CIBCs Code of Conduct of sufficient gravity to justify the application of this provision, (v) the failure or willful refusal to substantially perform the grantees material duties and responsibilities, (vi) the conviction of the grantee for any crime involving fraud, misrepresentation or breach of trust, or (vii) any other circumstances sufficient for a termination of employment for cause. |
PSU Plan(1)
Grants |
Grants are typically awarded as a dollar amount. Number of PSUs granted is based on the: - dollar value of the award; and - average closing price of CIBC common shares on the TSX for the 10 trading days preceding the fixed date. | |
Dividend Equivalents |
Dividend equivalents are reinvested and paid out at the same time, and subject to the same performance conditions, as the underlying PSUs. | |
Performance Conditions |
PSUs are subject to satisfaction of performance criteria at time of vesting based on CIBCs TSR and ROE performance compared with CIBCs peer group. | |
Performance Period |
The determination of the PSU award amount is based on both individual and business performance in the fiscal year prior to the grant(2) as it is driven by the year end performance multiplier which is comprised of the BPF and individual performance. PSUs are then subject to a three year performance period post grant that is measured based on relative ROE and TSR performance over the three subsequent years. | |
Vesting |
Vest at the end of the three-year period. | |
Payout |
Payouts vary from 75% to 125% of the value of the number of PSUs granted depending on performance against the criteria described above. The performance period spans the three fiscal years that begin on the first day of the fiscal year in which the grants were made. Vested PSUs pay out in cash, with each unit valued based on the average closing price of CIBC common shares on the TSX for the 10 trading days before a fixed date. | |
Clawback |
Grants are subject to: - clawback in the event of misconduct(3); and - cancellation in certain cases for unexpected losses(4). |
DSU Plan(1)
Grants |
Grants are typically awarded as a dollar amount. Number of DSUs granted is based on the: - dollar value of the award; and - average closing price of CIBC common shares on the TSX for the 10 trading days preceding the fixed date. | |
Dividend Equivalents |
Dividend equivalents are reinvested and paid out when the underlying DSUs are paid. | |
Deferral |
DSUs allow for a longer payout deferral than the typical three-year limit in Canada. | |
Vesting |
The Board has discretion to set the vesting period and any vesting conditions, which may include performance-related vesting conditions. When granted as part of a voluntary deferral of the executives cash incentive award, awards vest immediately. |
91 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Compensation Disclosure
Payout |
Vested DSUs pay out in cash after the termination of employment, retirement or death, subject to Plan termination provisions and income tax requirements. The payout price of each DSU will be the average closing price of CIBC common shares on the TSX over the ten trading days preceding the first day of the month of payment date. | |
Clawback |
Grants are subject to clawback for misconduct(3). |
(1) | CIBC hedges its financial exposure resulting from changes in the CIBC share unit value through a total return swap arrangement with a third-party financial institution. |
(2) | Awards for a given fiscal year (November 1 - October 31) are granted the December immediately following the close of the fiscal year. |
(3) | Any individual who engages in misconduct that results in a significant financial loss to CIBC or causes or caused a material restatement of CIBCs financial statements will be required to repay to CIBC upon demand the total value of any incentive payment made within the 12 months preceding the date on which CIBC determined that such significant loss occurred or such material restatement of its financial statements is required due to the individuals misconduct. In addition, all unvested and any outstanding deferred incentive compensation (PSUs or DSUs) that vested within the previous 12 months will be cancelled. Misconduct for this purpose is defined in note (1) on the previous page. |
(4) | If an employee engages in misconduct that causes a significant financial loss to CIBC, or that causes or caused a material restatement of the financial statements, CIBC may demand the repayment of cash or deferred incentive compensation awarded payment and cancellation of any unvested award. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 92 |
Compensation Disclosure
Retirement Benefits
All NEOs participate in pension plans on the same basis as all other CIBC employees in either Canada or the US, which are subject to limitations defined by the Income Tax Act in Canada, or US tax regulations in the US.
Supplemental Defined Benefit (DB) pension benefits for the NEOs (excluding Mr. Capatides, subject to the discussion below) are provided under a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP). For Mr. Culham and Ms. Dottori-Attanasio, who were promoted before January 1, 2016, the SERP provides for a final average earnings pension benefit for each year of pensionable service where earnings include a portion of incentive compensation up to a cap. This means that SERP benefits do not increase commensurate with earnings. For NEOs promoted on or after January 1, 2016, being Mr. Panossian, the SERP provides for a flat dollar pension accrual, which is irrespective of earnings, for service only from SERP appointment.
The SERP provides Mr. Dodig with a fully vested supplemental DB pension determined based on a flat dollar accrual rate of $52,000 per year of pensionable service. His supplemental pension is subject to a reduction of 4% for each year that pension commencement precedes age 65 and is payable for his lifetime. Depending on his retirement age, the prior grandfathered provisions may produce a larger pension, in which case the grandfathered provisions will apply. The grandfathered benefits provide for a final average earnings pension with a formula, similar to other Canadian NEOs promoted before January 1, 2016, with the exception that his final average earnings are capped at $2,300,000. His grandfathered pension is reduced by 4% for each year that retirement precedes age 61. Regardless of the formula applied, his overall annual pension is subject to a limit of $1,250,000.
Mr. Capatides participates in the Defined Contribution 401(k) plan on the same basis as all other US employees. Mr. Capatides also retains frozen accrued benefits in the DB pension plan covering US employees which was frozen effective January 1, 2021. Mr. Capatides is also eligible for equivalent supplemental benefits on the same basis as the Canadian NEOs, except denoted in US dollars.
Payment of SERP benefits, including for Mr. Capatides, is subject to compliance with certain non-solicitation and non-competition covenants.
Key earnings related to SERP provisions applicable to Mr. Culham, Ms. Dottori-Attanasio and Mr. Capatides are summarized in the table below:
Pension Formula | ◾ 2% of final average earnings per year of pensionable service (maximum of 35 years of service), offset by other CIBC-provided retirement income benefits. ◾ For Mr. Capatides, his supplemental benefit is further offset by a notional monthly annuity representing his 401(k) matching contributions provided by CIBC. | |
Final Average Earnings | ◾ The sum of: the average of the best consecutive five years of salary in the last 10 years before retirement; and the average of the best five years of annual cash bonus awards in the last 10 years before retirement. ◾ Subject to the following limits: $913,500 for Mr. Culham and Ms. Dottori-Attanasio. $1,244,370(1) for Mr. Capatides. | |
Reduction for Early Retirement | ◾ Pensions are reduced by 4% for each year that retirement age precedes age 61 for Mr. Capatides. ◾ For Mr. Culham and Ms. Dottori-Attanasio, pensions are reduced by 4% for each year that retirement age precedes age 61 for pension service accrued to December 31, 2012 and by 4% for each year that retirement precedes age 65 for pension service from January 1, 2013 forward. | |
Government Pension Adjustment | ◾ Pensions are reduced from age 65 by the maximum Canada/Québec Pension Plan benefit payable at that time. Mr. Capatides pension will be reduced by the maximum primary insurance amount payable from the Social Security Normal Retirement Age. | |
Form of Pension | ◾ Pension payments are made for the life of the executive. In the event of death of the executive, 50% of the pension is continued for the life of the executives spouse. Other optional forms of payment are made available on an actuarially equivalent basis. |
(1) | The limit on final average earnings for Mr. Capatides is US$913,500. This amount has been converted to Canadian dollars in the chart above using the October 31, 2022 WM/Reuters spot exchange rate of US$1.00 = C$1.3622. |
93 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Compensation Disclosure
The key flat dollar SERP provisions applicable to Mr. Panossian are summarized in the table below:
Pension Formula |
A flat dollar accrual rate of $12,500 per year of SERP pensionable service only (maximum of 35 years of service). | |
Reduction for Early Retirement |
Pensions are reduced by 4% for each year that retirement age precedes age 65. | |
Form of Pension |
Pension payments are made for the life of the executive only. Other optional forms of payment are made available on an actuarially equivalent basis. | |
Vesting |
Mr. Panossians SERP benefits are vested on attainment of age 55 and 5 years of service. |
The table below provides additional information related to NEO Defined Benefit pension obligations:
Defined Benefit Plans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number
|
Annual Benefits Payable Vested and Unvested(1) ($) |
Opening ($)
|
Compensatory ($)
|
Non-Compensatory ($)
|
Closing Present ($)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Name
|
At
|
At Age 65(3)
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Victor Dodig |
17.3 | 956,000 | 1,250,000 | 10,525,000 | 650,000 | (2,783,000 | ) | 8,392,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Hratch Panossian |
10.9 | 146,000 | 522,000 | 709,000 | 83,000 | (283,000 | ) | 509,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Harry Culham |
14.2 | 155,000 | 335,000 | 1,521,000 | 194,000 | (472,000 | ) | 1,243,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Michael Capatides(8) |
27.0 | 651,000 | 651,000 | 8,692,000 | 382,000 | (2,275,000 | ) | 6,799,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Laura Dottori-Attanasio(9) |
13.5 | 247,000 | 420,000 | 2,528,000 | 212,000 | (686,000 | ) | 2,054,000 |
(1) | These amounts represent the estimated annual pension payable at age 65 for vested and unvested credited service accrued to the date shown, assuming that final average earnings for SERP participants will be at or above the applicable SERP compensation limit. Mr. Dodigs pension accrued to October 31, 2022 is based on the flat dollar SERP formula. In addition to joining the SERP effective September 1, 2015, Mr. Culham has 7 years of service credited under the CIBC Pension Plan that is not recognized under the SERP. Mr. Culhams pension from the CIBC Pension Plan is equal to the maximum pension permitted to be paid from the CIBC Pension Plan as prescribed by the Income Tax Act, and is included in the amounts above. Mr. Panossian has 2.3 years of service credited under the CIBC Pension Plan which are not recognized under the SERP. For the NEOs except Mr. Panossian and Mr. Dodig, the SERP pension in Canada will be offset by the maximum Canada Pension Plan benefit amount starting at age 65, and for Mr. Capatides, the maximum primary insurance amount under US Social Security starting at the Social Security Normal Retirement Age. |
(2) | The amounts shown are fully vested for all NEOs except for Mr. Panossian. Vested annual benefits payable to Mr. Panossian as at October 31, 2022 are $37,000. Mr. Panossians benefits vest in accordance with the terms of the SERP. |
(3) | Mr. Capatides is eligible to retire with an immediate unreduced pension of $651,000 annually. All other NEOs are eligible to retire with an unreduced pension at age 65. The CIBC Pension Plan benefits for Mr. Culham, Mr. Panossian, and Mr. Dodig were determined using the Income Tax Act limits applicable in 2022. |
(4) | These amounts represent the present value of the NEOs projected pension earned for service up to October 31, 2021. Amounts have been calculated using the same actuarial assumptions used for CIBCs financial statement disclosure. Key actuarial assumptions include: |
| an annual discount rate of 3.48% (2.74% for Mr. Capatides); |
| an annual compensation increase that varies by age and tenure of the executive before taking into account limits on final average earnings; |
| no allowance for future increases in compensation limits or the different tax treatment of registered pension plans versus supplemental pension benefits; and |
| assumed retirement dates reflecting CIBC Pension Plan experience. |
(5) | These amounts represent the fiscal 2022 annual service cost and, where applicable, the impact on present value of defined benefit obligations of any differences between actual and estimated earnings. Amounts have been calculated using the actuarial assumptions and discount rate of 3.61% (2.77% for Mr. Capatides) consistent with the fiscal 2022 pension expense reported in CIBCs financial statement disclosure. |
(6) | These amounts include interest on the opening present value of the defined benefit obligation, experience gains and losses other than those associated with compensation levels, differences in US/Canada exchange rates during the year and changes in actuarial assumptions. |
(7) | These amounts represent the present value of the NEOs projected pension earned for service up to October 31, 2022. Amounts have been calculated using the same actuarial assumptions used for CIBCs financial statement disclosure. Key actuarial assumptions include: |
| an annual discount rate of 5.44% (5.90% for Mr. Capatides); |
| an annual compensation increase that varies by age and tenure of the executive before taking into account limits on final average earnings; |
| no allowance for future increases in compensation limits or the different tax treatment of registered pension plans versus supplemental pension benefits; and |
| assumed retirement dates reflecting CIBC Pension Plan experience. |
(8) | Mr. Capatides estimated annual pension has been translated to Canadian dollars using the October 31, 2022 WM/Reuters spot exchange rate of US$1.00 = C$1.3622. |
(9) | Ms. Dottori-Attanasio retired from CIBC effective February 1, 2023. Values shown for Ms. Dottori-Attanasio do not reflect her decision to retire prior to age 65. |
Mr. Capatides participates in the US 401(k) savings plan on the same basis as other US employees. Participants may choose to contribute up to 6% of their eligible earnings which will attract a 100% match from CIBC up to a maximum of 6%. From time to time, CIBC, at its discretion, may also remit additional non-discriminatory contributions to all US employees participating in the 401(k) savings plan. All contributions to the 401(k) savings plan are subject to applicable Internal Revenue Service limits.
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 94 |
Compensation Disclosure
The table below provides additional information related to NEO Defined Contribution pension obligations:
Defined Contribution Plans | ||||||
Name | Accumulated Value at start of year ($) |
Compensatory Change(1) ($) |
Accumulated value at end of year ($) | |||
Michael Capatides(2) |
3,338,687 | 27,324 | 3,234,676 |
(1) | The compensatory change consists of the contributions made by CIBC into the members 401(k) account during the fiscal year converted to Canadian dollars at the average WM/Reuters exchange rate of US$1.00 = C$1.2919. |
(2) | The accumulated values have been converted to Canadian dollars using the WM/Reuters spot exchange rate on October 31 of US$1.00 = C$1.3622 for 2022 and US$1.00 = C$1.2374 for 2021. |
Change of Control contracts
CIBC adopted a Change of Control Policy in 2001. This policy, which covers certain senior executive officer roles, including all the NEOs and EXCO members, recognizes the importance to CIBC and our shareholders of neutralizing potential conflicts of interest and stabilizing key management roles in connection with potential or actual change of control activity. The underlying premise of the policy is that, under a change of control, no additional benefits would be conferred on an officer than would be otherwise provided under a standard severance arrangement, recognizing there are some distinct features to the Change of Control Policy related to the unique circumstances being addressed. The provisions of the policy are reviewed by the Committee on a regular basis for consistency with current best practice and to confirm that the list of officers to which the policy applies is appropriate. The key terms of the policy are the following:
Eligibility | ◾ Certain senior officers of CIBC, including each of the NEOs. | |
Coverage Period | ◾ 24 months following the date of the change of control. | |
Trigger Events (i.e., Double Trigger) |
◾ The policy includes a Double Trigger where severance payouts, accelerated vesting of deferred incentive compensation and accrued pension occur only if both:
(1) a change of control event occurs; and
(2) the officers employment is terminated without cause or the officer resigns during the coverage period for one of the reasons listed below, as specified in the policy: a material reduction in the officers total compensation opportunities, job responsibilities, duties or reporting relationship; a material reduction in the officers title, unless the change is a result of a different titling structure or is to a title of essentially the same rank; a change in the officers work location that requires the officer to devote more than 50% of his/her working time over a period of three months at a location that is more than 50 miles/80 kilometers from his/her normal work location before the change of control event; or any other change in the officers employment constituting constructive dismissal under applicable law. | |
Severance Benefits | ◾ Upon the Double Trigger, the greater of:
(1) 2 times the sum of annual salary plus the greater of the average annual cash incentive for the three immediately preceding fiscal years, and the average target cash incentive for the three immediately preceding fiscal years(1); and (2) the amount the officer may be entitled to under any employment contract (as disclosed in footnote (3) to the Termination and change of control benefits table on page 96) or applicable law. | |
Vesting of Deferred Incentive Compensation and Pension | ◾ Upon the trigger events, all deferred incentive compensation and any unvested accrued pension vest. For PSUs, the number of units vesting is determined by applying the relevant performance criterion for the period from the grant date to the termination date. | |
Pension Benefits | ◾ Upon the Double Trigger, and only for participants who were SERP members prior to May 27, 2015, pension is paid in accordance with the standard terms of the SERP but with two years of service added to credited service (subject to an overall cap of 35 years of service). For participants who became members of the SERP on or after May 27, 2015, additional service credits will only be provided when the participant qualifies under CIBCs executive severance guidelines to have severance paid in the form of salary continuance. |
(1) | In addition, a cash amount of 10% of salary is paid in lieu of continued participation in CIBCs pension, health and welfare benefits plans that would otherwise be payable during the severance period. |
95 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Compensation Disclosure
Termination and change of control benefits
The table below summarizes estimated payments, payables and benefits which each NEO would be contractually entitled to in the event of a termination without cause or change of control where the executive is terminated without cause or resigns during the coverage period for reasons specified in the Change of Control Policy. Amounts do not include any potential greater common law entitlements. Ms. Dottori-Attanasio(5) is not shown in the table below given her retirement effective February 1, 2023.
Name | Compensation Element |
Estimated Incremental Payment at October 31, 2022(1) |
||||||||
Termination Without Cause(2) ($) |
Change of Control(3) ($) |
|||||||||
Victor Dodig |
Cash | 0 | 5,741,000 | |||||||
Deferred Compensation Incremental Value | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Benefits | 0 | 200,000 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total Payment | 0 | 5,941,000 | ||||||||
Annual Pension Increment | 0 | 104,000 | (4) | |||||||
Hratch Panossian |
Cash | 1,920,216 | 2,672,893 | |||||||
Deferred Compensation Incremental Value | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Benefits | 85,000 | 120,000 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total Payment | 2,005,216 | 2,792,893 | ||||||||
Annual Pension Increment | 0 | 134,000 | (4) | |||||||
Harry Culham |
Cash | 2,839,861 | 5,679,722 | |||||||
Deferred Compensation Incremental Value | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Benefits | 60,000 | 120,000 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total Payment | 2,899,861 | 5,799,722 | ||||||||
Annual Pension Increment | 0 | 0 | (4) | |||||||
Michael Capatides |
Cash | 0 | 5,028,916 | |||||||
Deferred Compensation Incremental Value | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Benefits | 0 | 204,330 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total Payment | 0 | 5,233,246 | ||||||||
Annual Pension Increment | 0 | 50,000 | (4) |
(1) | No incremental amounts are contractually payable upon retirement, resignation (other than for reasons specified in the Change of Control Policy) or termination with cause. In addition, no incremental amount would be received in respect of accelerated vesting of option- or share-based awards, if any, on the assumption that the discount rate applied to calculate the net present value of the accelerated entitlements is not greater than the rate at which the CIBC common shares would otherwise be expected to appreciate over the period of acceleration. For information regarding outstanding option- and share-based awards as at October 31, 2022, see Incentive plan awards outstanding option- and share-based awards on page 87. |
The Cash, Benefits and Annual Pension amounts for Mr. Capatides have been converted to Canadian dollars at the October 31, 2022 WM/Reuters spot exchange rate of US$1.00 = C$1.3622.
(2) | Amounts shown as Cash for Mr. Panossian and Mr. Culham represent entitlements to cash payments in lieu of notice. For Mr. Panossian, the cash payment is calculated using base salary, average annual cash bonus for the prior three years and annual car allowance for the length of the severance period. For Mr. Culham, the cash payment is calculated using annual salary and average annual cash bonus for the prior three years for the length of the severance period. The amounts shown as benefits are equal to 10% of the annual salary, multiplied by the length of severance payment period for both Mr. Panossian and Mr. Culham. |
For all NEOs, unvested PSU awards would continue to be eligible to vest and pay out over the normal schedule. Options would continue to be eligible to meet time-based vesting conditions over the severance period and expire at the end of the severance period.
(3) | For information on the cash payments, see Change of Control contracts on page 95 of the Circular. |
Amounts shown as Benefits are cash payments in lieu of continued participation in CIBCs pension, health and welfare benefit plans. Each NEO would receive a cash payment equal to 10% of the amount representing salary in the Change of Control severance payment.
(4) | Annual Pension Increment amounts for Mr. Dodig, Mr. Capatides and Mr. Panossian are the incremental annual lifetime pension amounts payable from their unreduced early retirement age (immediately for Mr. Capatides, and age 65 for all other NEOs) as a result of being entitled to two years of additional credited service and any remaining vesting requirements being waived. Unlike the other NEOs, Mr. Panossian is not vested at October 31, 2022 and therefore his Annual Pension Increment amount consists of the value of waiving the vesting requirements and receiving two years of additional credited service. |
The present values at October 31, 2022 of the Annual Pension Increment amounts are $1,060,000 for Mr. Dodig, $618,000 for Mr. Capatides and $503,000 for Mr. Panossian. The actuarial assumptions used to determine the present values are consistent with the assumptions used for the October 31, 2022 year-end pension plan liabilities which are disclosed in CIBCs financial statements, with the exception that the assumed retirement age is based on the first date of retirement eligibility. Payment of the Annual Pension amounts is subject to the NEOs acceptance of certain non-solicitation and non-competition covenants. Annual Pension Increment amount is $0 for Mr. Culham as he joined the SERP after May 27, 2015, the date the Change of Control Policy was amended to eliminate the provision of additional pension service credit upon Change of Control.
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 96 |
Compensation Disclosure
(5) | Ms. Dottori-Attanasio retired from CIBC effective February 1, 2023. Her deferred equity will vest in normal course subject to specific plan provisions. |
Additional disclosure under the FSB and Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
The following table provides disclosure under Standard 15 of the FSB Principles for Sound Compensation Practices and their Implementation Standards and Pillar III of the Basel Committee.
For purposes of these tables, CIBC includes in the FSB terms senior executive officers and employees whose actions have a material impact on the risk exposure of the firm, the NEOs and those employees who CIBC has determined are material risk takers based upon an assessment of each roles ability to have a material impact on the risk exposure to CIBC.
Amounts denominated in foreign currencies have been converted to Canadian dollars at exchange rates used in the annual compensation process. Other issuers that make disclosure of this type may include different officers and employees in these categories, so the amounts disclosed by CIBC may not be comparable to the amounts disclosed by other issuers.
(1) | Awards may have been granted and received during or after the fiscal year, but are in respect of the specified fiscal year. |
(2) | Amounts of deferred compensation awarded for, and paid out during, the specified fiscal years under current deferred compensation plans. Payouts include realized option gains (i.e., the difference between the market value and exercise price). |
(3) | Included in fiscal 2022 are amounts paid in December 2021 relating to fiscal 2020 and previous years and included in fiscal 2021 are amounts paid in December 2020. |
(4) | All forms of deferred compensation that remain outstanding and which had not expired at the end of the specified fiscal years. Deferral periods are specified within the terms of the relevant plan and, for DSUs, extend until termination, retirement or death. |
(5) | Implicit and explicit reductions related to outstanding remuneration at the end of the specified fiscal years that was awarded in the prior fiscal year (e.g., 2022 amounts related to remuneration awarded in 2021). Implicit reductions result from decreases in the value of CIBC common shares or share units while explicit reductions result from the application of misconduct or performance clawbacks. |
(6) | 2021 figures were amended to include one material risk takers deferred compensation paid out during the year and outstanding deferred compensation. |
97 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Compensation Disclosure
Other compensation paid
There were no guaranteed incentive compensation awards granted in fiscal 2022 for NEOs and other material risk takers (nil in fiscal 2021). Cash sign-on award(1) granted in fiscal 2022 for one material risk taker was $140,000 (nil in fiscal 2021). No cash sign-on awards were granted to NEOs in fiscal 2022 or fiscal 2021. No severance was negotiated and settled with respect to NEOs in fiscal 2022 or 2021. No severance amounts(2) were negotiated and settled in fiscal 2022 for material risk takers. In fiscal 2021, severance amounts(2) were negotiated and settled for one material risk taker. To preserve employee confidentiality, information regarding the severance amount for such individual has been provided to OSFI on a confidential basis.
(1) | Payouts in connection with the cash sign-on awards granted in the specified fiscal years to new hires may have been made in whole or in part in the specified fiscal year or in a subsequent fiscal year. Deferred sign-on awards are included in the Outstanding deferred compensation section of the table on the previous page. |
(2) | Severance amounts reflect the aggregate total amount payable by CIBC in connection with severance arrangements negotiated and settled (i.e., agreed to) in the applicable fiscal year, whether or not such amounts are payable during such fiscal year. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 98 |
Shareholders will be asked to vote on three shareholder proposals. One from Vancity Investment Management (Vancity) on behalf of IA Clarington Inhance SRI Funds (IA Clarington), 700 815 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 1B4, telephone: 604 871-5355, email: Kelly_hirsch@vancity.com; one from the Mouvement deducation et de défense des actionnaires (MÉDAC), 82 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H2X 1X3, telephone: 514 286-1155, email: admin@medac.qc.ca; and one from InvestNow, 7 Shannon Street, Toronto, Ontario M6J 2E6, telephone: 416 567-7192, email: gpappano@investnow.org. Proposals and supporting arguments, and the Boards responses, are set out below.
1. Vancity on behalf of IA Clarington
Be it resolved: The Board of Directors undertake a review of executive compensation levels in relation to the entire workforce and, at reasonable cost and omitting proprietary information, publicly disclose the CEO compensation to median worker pay ratio on an annual basis.
Supporting Statement
CEO realized compensation in the US has risen 1460% since 1978 compared to just 18.1% for the average worker. The CEO to worker compensation ratio in the US has increased from 31 times in 1978 to 399 times in 2021.1
Canada has seen similar issues with a report finding that CEO compensation at the top 100 companies on the TSX was estimated at 191 times the pay of the average Canadian worker in 2020.2
Wage gaps within workforces are important because they are indicative of, and contribute to, the growing inequality seen in North America.3 According to the US Federal Reserve, since 1989, the top 1% by wealth have increased their share of total wealth by 8.6% largely at the expense of the lowest 90% who saw their proportion decrease by 8%.4 The top 1% have also increased their share of total national income in the US from 8.3% to 20.8% over 19782019.5 Canada has seen similar inequality with the top 1% increasing their share of total national income over 19782019 from 8.4% to 14%.6
This growing inequality leads to negative outcomes for all individuals as more unequal societies have been shown to be associated with poorer health, more violence, a lack of community life and increased rates of mental illness across socioeconomic classes.7 Research has shown that this inequality harms economic productivity to the tune of 2-4% lost GDP growth annually and often leads to prolonged and more severe recessions.8 9
Beyond the negative societal impacts, compensation gaps within an organization can lead to lower employee morale and higher employee turnover10. This can erode company value as unmotivated employees are less productive and higher turnover directly increases staffing costs. These costs are especially material for human capital-intensive companies such as CIBC.
In Canada, the financial sector is particularly exposed to this issue with the top 1% in finance earning approx. 16% of the sectors income while the top 1% in most other sectors earn 6-10%.11
Unlike the US, it is not mandatory for publicly listed companies in Canada to provide CEO to median worker pay ratio disclosures. This is not a big ask as the Global Reporting Institute reporting standards, which CIBC already utilizes, provide a well-recognized framework for computing this ratio. It is critical to recognize that the focus is about the trend of the ratio over time. Disclosing and tracking the ratio allows CIBC to ensure the wage gap is not widening and can help it make corrections to ensure employee sentiment stays positive, thereby lowering turnover and lost productivity costs.
1 |
https://www.epi.org/publication/ceo-pay-in-2021/ |
2 |
https://policyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/National%20Office/2022/01/Another%20year%20in%20paradise.pdf |
3 | https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.575693/publication.html |
4 |
https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/dfa/distribute/chart/#quarter:131;series:Assets;demographic:networth;population:1,3,5,7,9;units:shares |
5 | https://wid.world/country/usa/ |
6 | https://wid.world/country/canada/ |
7 | https://equalitytrust.org.uk/resources/the-spirit-level |
8 |
https://www.frbsf.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/wp2017-23.pdf |
9 | https://www.epi.org/publication/secular-stagnation/ |
10 | https://www.nber.org/papers/w22491 |
11 | https://wid.world/news-article/worker-power-and-inequality-in-canada-a-sector-level-analysis/ |
99 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Shareholder Proposals
The Board recommends that you vote against this proposal.
CIBC continues to feel that without a standardized approach to determining this ratio, it is not a valuable statistic to disclose publicly as it would not be an accurate or reliable point of comparison given that the ratio across peers would vary greatly based on varied mix of businesses and differences in the composition of the workforce.
CIBC recognizes that the caliber of our talent is critical to achieving our goal of delivering superior client experience and top-tier shareholder returns while maintaining our financial strength by executing on our strategic priorities.
Our compensation programs have been designed based on our philosophy to pay our team members equitably and competitively, encourage behaviours aligned with our purpose and employee value proposition; and align with CIBCs business strategy, risk appetite, the creation of sustainable shareholder value and the evolving regulatory environment.
The CEO, all executives, and the majority of our team members (85%) globally participate in the same incentive plan referred to as Goals, Performance, Success (GPS) which focuses on pay for performance driven by both the Business Performance Factor (BPF) and individual performance. GPS provides transparency with respect to how incentive awards are determined and a strong link between pay and performance. With the majority of our team members on GPS, we had the opportunity to focus on progressing salaries and in 2022, CIBC made additional investments to further support the teams financial wellbeing, help us attract and retain talent, and build on our reputation as an employer of choice.
Specifically, for merit-eligible employees, we:
◾ | Increased base salaries by 3% for all Level 1-6 employees. Overall, these investments directly impacted almost 25,000 team members across CIBC, or approximately 54% of team members; |
◾ | Increased our minimum entry wage to $20.00 per hour in Canada and the US in local currency; |
◾ | Committed to further increasing our minimum entry wage in Canada and the US, making ongoing investments over the next three years to bring it to $25.00 per hour in local currency by the end of 2025; and |
◾ | Invested more in base salaries across our total population throughout 2022 and as part of our year-end merit budget to support our team members and ensure our compensation remained competitive. |
These investments build on the steady, strategic targeted investments we have been making to ensure we pay competitively and to recognize the contributions of our team.
In addition, total compensation is evaluated relative to a peer group of companies of comparable size, scope, market presence and complexity. CIBC uses a comprehensive and rigorous benchmarking approach to understanding appropriate comparator organizations based on the position and relative market(s) in which CIBC competes for talent as well as the market level and mix of compensation.
While we do not publish the ratio of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) compensation to median worker pay, it is a key consideration in the Management Resources and Compensation Committee (MRCC) review of CEO pay. Every year, CIBCs MRCC reviews a variety of internal and external factors before making recommendations to the Board for incentive compensation awards for the CEO. This information includes the ratio of CEO pay to median employee pay (a vertical pay ratio) and other horizontal and vertical pay relationships. The committee reviews the ratio including a historical look back to understand year-over-year changes when making current year pay decisions for the CEO.
2. MÉDAC
It is proposed that the Bank establish an annual advisory vote policy with respect to its environmental and climate change action plan and objectives.
Argument
We submitted this proposal at the 2022 annual meetings and it received strong support from the shareholders at TD (25.4%), CIBC (22.7%), National Bank (22%), Royal Bank (20.2%), Scotia (19.3%) and BMO (15%). In addition, Laurentian Bank committed to implementing a non-binding environmental advisory vote once it has established a baseline for its funded emissions.
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 100 |
According to the most recent report released by Rainforest1, the Big Five banks provided more than $131 billion in capital to oil companies in 2021, and this funding was up from 2020:
Global positioning
Rank among institutions | Name of bank | Financing | ||
5 |
RBC | $38.757 billion | ||
9 |
Scotia | $30.402 billion | ||
11 |
TD | $21.154 billion | ||
15 |
BMO | $18.781 billion | ||
20 |
CIBC | $22.218 billion |
It should be noted that the Big Five banks have lent or underwritten nearly $700B in capital to fossil fuel companies since the Paris Climate Agreement was signed in December 2015.
One might question the scope of the actual plans implemented by these banks to fulfill their commitment to join the Net-Zero Banking Alliance (NZBA) launched by former Bank of Canada Governor Mark Carney in 2015 and to play a leading role in financing the climate transition to achieve net zero emissions by 2050.
We therefore reiterate our proposal to implement a non-binding advisory vote so that shareholders can express their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the Banks environmental policy.
1 | Banking on Climate Chaos Fossil Fuel Finance Report 2022 |
https://www.bankingonclimatechaos.org//wp-content/themes/bocc-2021/inc/bcc-data-2022/BOCC_2022_vSPREAD.pd f
The Board recommends that you vote against this proposal.
CIBC is committed to accelerating climate action, a key focus of our ESG strategy, as demonstrated by our ambition to achieve net-zero for both our operational and financing activities by 2050. To support our net-zero ambition, we are guided by our climate strategy, which includes key themes of: supporting our clients, encouraging consumer behaviour, refining our operations, and sharing our progress.
In 2022, our bank continued to advance these priorities and respond to stakeholder expectations, including but not limited to:
◾ | Releasing 2030 financed emissions targets for high carbon-intensive sectors in our lending portfolio oil and gas and power generation, with plans to release additional targets in 2023; |
◾ | Launching the CIBC Climate Centre, aimed at providing education and advice that support our retail clients ambitions to reduce their own climate footprint; |
◾ | Committing $100 million in Limited Partnerships investments towards climate tech and energy transition funds; |
◾ | Establishing a new research chair in the field of sustainable finance through a $1.25 million commitment made to Schulich School of Business at York University; and |
◾ | Sharing our progress through the release of our second Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) report, and through our Net-Zero Approach, which outlines our net-zero target setting process. |
As we continue to execute on our climate strategy, we view ongoing stakeholder engagement as an integral part in developing our plans to accelerate climate action, but do not currently view an annual advisory vote with respect to our climate and environmental activities as the appropriate mechanism. At CIBC, our ESG strategy, which includes our climate strategy, is integrated within our overall corporate strategy on how we engage with our clients in line with our purpose and how all of the moving parts across our bank work in tandem. We view the duty to ensure this alignment and cohesion as being within the mandate of management, and we see the oversight of the same as being within the mandate of our Board. An annual advisory vote with respect to our climate and environmental activities, although non-binding in nature, would be inconsistent with our Boards role and responsibility to approve and oversee the implementation of the banks overall corporate strategy.
We are committed to working collectively with stakeholders, including our shareholders, governments, OSFI and other banking and securities regulators, through the ongoing implementation and iteration of our climate strategy to ensure our actions reflect and respond to evolving stakeholder priorities. This is why, in 2022, we held a dedicated ESG-focused investor session in which our climate strategy, related governance framework, and approach to net-zero target-setting was a central topic of discussion, and continued to enhance reporting on related stakeholder perspectives to our Boards Corporate Governance Committee, which oversees our ESG strategy, and to our Senior Executive ESG Council.
101 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Shareholder Proposals
We will continue to monitor developments on the adoption of Say on Climate advisory resolutions, and remain committed to engaging with our stakeholders, on key elements of, and progress made, on our climate strategy.
3. InvestNow
RESOLVED: That Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) make clear its commitment to continue to invest in and finance the Canadian oil and gas sector. And further that CIBC conduct a review of any and all of its policies to ensure that there are none that have the effect of encouraging divestment from the sector.
Argument
Canadians are facing a cost-of-living crisis with escalating inflation threatening serious recession and the prospect of durable stagflation. A major cause of this is rising energy costs. Energy costs are being driven up by a public policy framework and a public conversation that are both directed against investment in the oil and gas sector. The result is chronic underinvestment in that sector.
Its time for CIBC to explicitly state its commitment to Canadas oil and gas sector. In addition, CIBC should end or temporarily suspend support for policies like net zero targets. The embrace of such policies - which have the effect of suggesting that oil and gas extraction, development, and use are not of essential value - sends a negative signal about investment in the sector. Instead, CIBC should focus on investment in, lending to, and financing of the oil and gas industry to create more supply and reduce energy costs for Canadians and the world.
Support for the sector is important because:
| its wellbeing is essential to the wellbeing of Canadians, ensuring energy affordability and with it the affordability of everything else necessary to a reasonable standard of living for all in Canada; |
| its environmental performance is world-leading and steadily improving; |
| its expansion is increasingly important to addressing global concerns such as energy security and energy poverty; and |
| the lack of investment in Canada means more investment in oil and gas sector development in other parts of the world with poorer environmental performance, poorer corporate governance, and serious human rights infringements. |
The oil and gas sector is the biggest exporting industry in Canada, is in the top three industries for contribution to Canadas GDP, provides 500,000 jobs across the country and contributes billions every year to governments coffers in taxes and royalties paying for countless public services for Canadians.
Additionally, Canadian oil and gas producers are making major environmental gains: their Green House Gas emissions (GHG) were reduced by 22 per cent between 2011 and 2019, then another 12 per cent from 2019 to 20201. They invested $3.1 billion in better environmental performance in 2019 alone, two-thirds of all environmental protection spending in the country that year2.
Adopting a pro-investment stance in Canadas oil and gas sector is good for the economy, the environment, innovation, shareholders, and everyday Canadians.
1 | https://www.canadianenergycentre.ca/canadas-oil-and-gas-emissions-went-down-in-2020-national-inventory-report/ |
2 | https://energynow.ca/2022/07/five-ways-canadas-oil-and-gas-industry-is-improving-environmental-performance/ |
The Board recommends that you vote against this proposal.
At CIBC, we understand the urgency with which climate solutions are needed, the integral role that the financial sector plays in the low carbon transition, and the importance of preparing for and managing climate-related risks in our own business.
We equally recognize the long-standing contribution of the energy industry to Canadas economic prosperity, and understand that an orderly transition to net-zero is a complex, multi-sectoral challenge that will require systemic economic, societal and technological changes through collective action by governments, companies and consumers.
We are committed to doing our part, which is why we set a net-zero ambition for our operational and financing activities by 2050, and have released 2030 financed emissions targets for our high carbon intensive portfolios oil and gas and power generation. As a purpose-driven organization, we are also committed to supporting our clients, a key pillar of our climate strategy, and iteration is a key principle within our net-zero approach, as we acknowledge that there are factors outside of CIBCs control that will influence decarbonization globally across sectors and economies, such as the development of new technologies, industry-specific solutions, shifts in consumer behaviour, and the impact of geopolitical events.
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 102 |
Shareholder Proposals
We are supporting our clients as they transform their business models for success in a low-carbon economy through financing, advisory services and investments innovation. For example, in 2022, we continued to:
◾ | Provide industry-leading advice and capital markets solutions through our global Energy, Infrastructure, and Transition group within CIBC Capital Markets, to support clients, including those in the oil and gas sector, impacted by the shift in how the world produces and consumes energy, and develops infrastructure; and |
◾ | Make significant progress towards our goal of mobilizing $300 billion in sustainable finance by 2030, and our commitment to invest $100 million towards climate tech and energy transition funds through Limited Partnerships. |
In 2022, we also announced a multi-year sponsorship with the University of Calgary for the new Energy Transition Centre, which is helping to accelerate the transition from carbon-emitting energy systems by promoting cleaner energy alternatives, while also enhancing workplace skillsets within the oil and gas sector.
Withdrawn Shareholder Proposals
Shareholder Association for Research and Education (SHARE) on behalf of The IBVM Foundation of Canada
SHARE withdrew their proposal after discussion with CIBC. The text of SHAREs proposal, their supporting statement and the Boards response is set out below.
RESOLVED, shareholders request the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) to conduct and publish (at reasonable cost and omitting proprietary information) a third-party racial equity audit analyzing CIBCs adverse impacts on non-white stakeholders and communities of colour. Input from civil rights organizations, employees, and customers should be considered in determining the specific matters to be analyzed.
Supporting Statement
As critical intermediaries, financial institutions play a key role in the society as they allow businesses and individuals to access essential economic opportunities through a broad range of financial products and services, including facilitating transactions, providing credit and loan services, savings accounts, and investment management. Because of the important role that financial institutions play in our economy and society, such institutions have a responsibility to ensure that their business operations, practices, policies and products and services do not have adverse impacts on non-white stakeholders and communities of colour.
A report from the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada studying frontline practices of six Canadian banks, including CIBC, suggests that racialized or Indigenous bank customers are subjected to discriminatory practices.1 Compared to other customers, visible minorities and Indigenous customers were more likely recommended products that were not appropriate for their needs, were not presented information in a clear and simple manner and were offered optional products, such as overdraft protection and balance protection insurance.
A December 2020 academic review commissioned by the British Columbia Securities Commission found estimates of unbanked Canadians (no official relationship with a bank) ranged from 3%-6%, and underbanked Canadians (who rely on fringe financial institutions like payday lenders) ranged from 15%-28%.2 The review found that under/unbanking has a disproportionate effect on Indigenous peoples, and that financial access has been cited by researchers as an endemic problem in low-income communities of color.
Canadian financial institutions, including CIBC, have a responsibility to address financial discrimination and provide greater access to credit and other financial services to ensure all communities become economically resilient. CIBCs current Inclusion and Diversity Strategy (Strategy) is insufficient in identifying or addressing potential and existing racial equity issues stemming from its practices, policies, products, and services as it primarily focuses on diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives.
103 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Shareholder Proposals
Racial equity issues present significant legal, financial, regulatory, and reputational business risks to the Company and its shareholders. A racial equity audit will help CIBC identify, prioritize, remedy, and avoid adverse impacts on non-white stakeholders and communities of colour. Therefore, we urge CIBC to assess its behaviour through a racial equity lens in order to obtain a complete picture of how it contributes to, and could help dismantle, systemic racism.
1 | https://www.canada.ca/en/financial-consumer-agency/programs/research/mystery-shopping-domestic-retail-banks.html |
2 |
https://bcbasicincomepanel.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Financial_Inclusion_in_British_Columbia_Evaluating_the_Role_of_Fintech.pd f |
Board Statement
At CIBC, inclusion is the cornerstone of our banks culture. This means that our workforce and leadership team reflect the clients and communities we serve and that our people are equipped to practice intentional inclusion. The result is an engaged team able to create breakthrough ideas, promote inclusive client experiences and ultimately help our bank realize our purpose.
We also recognize that certain client segments, including Indigenous peoples and members of the Black community, continue to face unique barriers to financial inclusion. Thats why a commitment to inclusive banking - work focused on removing barriers to the financial system to advance social inclusion and economic prosperity for everyone - is a key priority aligned with our ESG strategys focus on creating access to opportunities.
Our current approach has been informed by consultations with employees, clients and non-profit partners as well as stakeholders across our strategic business units. Accountability sits with our Inclusion and Diversity Leadership Council, chaired by our President and CEO, who, together with our board of directors, review progress against outcome-based key performance indicators (KPIs) quarterly. More information on our approach and performance can be found in the 2022 CIBC Sustainability Report.
Further to the proposal described above, we have agreed to build on these commitments by engaging an independent third party to help assess and prioritize where our employment policies and commercial practices may fall short for people of colour and Indigenous peoples. We will start by focusing on our employment policies, overseen by the Management Resources and Compensation Committee, reporting results as part of our fiscal 2024 disclosures and expand to focus on our commercial practices, overseen by the Corporate Governance Committee, reporting interim results as part of our fiscal 2025 disclosures and a final report, including recommendations and an action plan, as part of our fiscal 2026 disclosures.
MÉDAC
MÉDAC withdrew three shareholder proposals after discussion with CIBC. The text of MÉDACs proposals, their supporting statements and the Boards responses are set out below.
1. Disclosure of language fluency of directors
It is proposed that the language fluency of the directors be disclosed in their skills and expertise grid in the circular.
Argument
In recent years, a number of public controversies about language have tainted the reputation of prominent public companies in terms of their social responsibility and their interpretation of their duties and obligations with respect to diversity, an inherent component of our societies. Language is at the heart of our democratic institutions and is a fundamental attribute of the community.
The recurrence of such situations, which are harmful from any standpoint, must be prevented. For this reason and for many others it is appropriate for all interested parties (stakeholders) to be informed, through a formal and official disclosure, of the language fluency of the companys directors. Obviously, fluency is meant to be understood as a level of language sufficient to allow its widespread use in all spheres of activity of individuals and entities; a level of language sufficient to allow each director to execute his or her duties and functions fully and completely.
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 104 |
Shareholder Proposals
Board Statement
CIBC believes that our Board should be composed of individuals with the skills, education, expertise, experience and perspectives appropriate to oversee CIBCs business needs and corporate strategy. The Board strives to reflect CIBCs workforce, as well as the clients and communities CIBC serves in its membership. CIBCs Board Diversity Policy outlines the Boards approach to identifying potential director nominees, including consideration of a range of factors such as gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, individual expertise and personal experiences. CIBCs practice is to disclose certain aspects of board composition on an aggregate basis in our director nominees section, and not in their individual biographies or the director skills grid, including gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Our disclosure approach preserves anonymity and protects the privacy of the information disclosed. We have enhanced our disclosure by adding, on an aggregate basis, the languages spoken by our directors (English, French and Other). See page 9 of this Circular.
2. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
It is proposed that the Board of Directors review the mandate of the Corporate Governance Committee and the Risk Management Committee in order to include a component on the ethical use of artificial intelligence.
Argument
Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming the key technology of the future. AI is the ability of a machine to simulate human behaviours such as reasoning, planning and creativity, particularly by learning algorithms. Companies are increasingly turning to AI to develop more automated, personalized and customer-oriented services. AI also opens up new opportunities to enhance and facilitate the detection and mitigation of risk and fraud and to enable better regulatory compliance.
However, its use is not without risk, as illustrated by Deloitte in one of its research reports:1
◾ | Quality, quantity and relevance of the data used. The results of AI systems are dependent on the quality and quantity of the data. If the datasets used to develop the algorithms contain biases, the algorithm generated is likely to reflect these biases as well, or even amplify them. |
◾ | The opacity of operation (black box in the context of AI). Contrary to previous generations of AI, where the systems made decisions that were very clear and established by humans, the new generations will rely on very complex statistical methods, based on thousands of parameters. All these factors make the final decision difficult to interpret, or even impossible to explain by humans. |
◾ | Possible dysfunctions. Algorithms do not have the capacity for conceptual understanding and common sense that humans have, and which are necessary to assess radically new situations. |
As highlighted in the latest reports from the World Economic Forum, the subject of artificial intelligence is reaching a turning point. In the short term, it seems important that the development of artificial intelligence meets the minimum criteria in terms of governance, ethics and risk management. Again according to Deloitte,2 this reflection should focus on proving the reliability of the algorithms used (from the point of view of their internal and external verification), the intelligibility of the models and the interactions between humans and intelligent algorithms.
It is therefore crucial that the mandate of the Corporate Governance Committee be reviewed in order to integrate this reflection and to develop a code for the use of artificial intelligence in order to assure shareholders and interested parties (stakeholders) that its development and use are carried out by placing humans at the heart of the machine and by guaranteeing the accuracy, security and confidentiality of the data that feeds it, and by regulating the algorithms so that they integrate diversity and overcome biases in decision making, in particular.
1 |
https://www2.deloitte.com/fr/fr/pages/risque-compliance-et-controle-interne/articles/intelligence-artificielle-quelles-evolutions-pour- profils-de-risques-des-entreprises.html |
2 | https://www2.deloitte.com/fr/fr/pages/risque-compliance-et-controle-interne/articles/intelligence-artificielle-dans-risque-de-credit.html https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2020/06/25/artificial-intelligence-and-ethics-an-emerging-area-of-board-oversight-responsibility / |
Board Statement
As CIBC becomes a more digital bank to remain competitive in a transforming economy, we are working to use technology to deliver better, more timely and more personalized insights to support our clients ambitions. Through this process, we are also committed to being accountable, transparent and responsive in how we use, protect and manage our clients data and apply Artificial Intelligence (AI). This is why a key pillar of our ESG strategy is Building Integrity and Trust, focused on topics such as data ethics, privacy, and information security.
105 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Shareholder Proposals
As we understand the importance of sharing our progress on our ESG strategy, CIBC plans to release additional disclosure on our approach to Data Ethics and Trustworthy AI, and oversight by management and Board Committees, in our 2023 Sustainability Report. This report is filed with the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada and is publicly available on our website. The report is not required to be filed on SEDAR. Currently our efforts are focused on scaling our Data Ethics Pilot, with plans to broaden this work to piloting an Algorithmic Fairness Impact Assessment to enhance governance of our AI-driven solutions. Our disclosure will outline our approach and principles to deploying Data Ethics and Trustworthy AI at scale, which will help position us to manage related risks effectively as the volume of data and application of AI solutions increases.
3. Increased energy and environmental transition efforts
It is proposed that the Banks Board of Directors adopt and publish by 2025 an action plan to realign all of its portfolios with the Paris Agreement (net-zero emissions by 2050) detailing precisely how this will be achieved and specifying the five-year interim targets to be reached.
Argument
A recent report by the Institut de recherche en économie contemporaine (IREC) commissioned by OXFAM Québec1 shows that the carbon footprint of the eight largest Canadian banks is 1.9 billion tons, i.e. 2.6 times Canadas GHG emissions and that if they were to unite to form a State, this new country would be the fifth-largest GHG emitter in the world. This report seems to contradict directly the commitments that the Bank made last year in response to our shareholder proposal regarding the setting of interim targets and the adoption of a plan to reach them.
While we acknowledge that the Bank is making tangible efforts to support and accelerate the climate transition, it could do better and could even set an example for other corporations. Allow us to quote two observations taken from IRECs report:
First, not only none of Canadas major deposit-taking institutions are committed, in the short or medium term, to withdraw from the fossil fuel industry, but, in addition, they all persist in presenting themselves as actors in the energy transition and sustainable funding of activities aiming either at decarbonizing the mining, transformation and/or consumption processes of fossil fuels, or at supporting the diversification of the green asset portfolios held by the corporations in this very industry, particularly in the green technology and renewable energy sectors.
Second, even with respect to their financial commitments in favour of the energy and environmental transition, Canadas deposit-taking institutions are still relatively lacking in ambition. For instance, the C$850 billion amount promised in the aggregate by BMO, RBC, Scotia, CIBC and TD for the 2020-2030 period, although not negligible, will ultimately account for only two thirds of the assets that they previously committed in fossil energies between 2016 and 2020 alone, exceeding C$1,300 billion. Moreover, overall, many of the mutual and exchange-traded funds of Canadas eight major deposit-taking institutions, including ESG or green funds have yet to align with the Paris Agreement targets, exceeding the maximum exposure to carbon-related industries that would limit global warming to less than two degrees.
The Bank which is one of the banks that the aforementioned report directly targets, in particular in its recommendation #4 wields significant financial power and must fulfill responsibilities that are just as significant by delivering on its commitments, by officially adopting and issuing a concrete plan.
1 | https://irec.quebec/ressources/publications/2022-canada-banques-empreinte-carbone-rapportVFF.pdf |
Board Statement
CIBC is committed to accelerating climate action, as demonstrated by our ambition to achieve net-zero by 2050 for our operational and financing activities. Aligned with this goal, in 2022, we began setting 2030 financed emissions targets for two of our high carbon intensive portfolios oil and gas and power generation:
◾ | 35% reduction in the operational emissions intensity of our oil and gas portfolio compared to a 2020 base year, including Scope 1 and 2 emissions from upstream production and downstream refining of oil and gas products; |
◾ | 27% reduction in the end use emissions intensity of our oil and gas portfolio compared to a 2020 base year, including Scope 3 emissions from the combustion of hydrocarbon-derived fuels sold into the market; and |
◾ | 32% reduction in the emissions intensity (Scope 1) of our power generation portfolio, compared to a 2020 base year. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 106 |
Shareholder Proposals
With a vision out to 2050, CIBC plans to take specific actions over the short, medium, and long-term, and our approach is guided by our climate strategy, which is focused on supporting our clients, encouraging consumer behaviour, refining our operations, and sharing our progress.
Recognizing that achieving our ambition requires collaboration across all segments of the economy, we are also contributing to the broader ecosystem through actions such as:
◾ | Committing $100 million in Limited Partnership investments to climate technology and energy transition funds; |
◾ | Creating the CIBC Chair in Sustainable Finance at the Schulich School of Business through a $1.25 million commitment, in addition to sponsoring the new Energy Transition Centre at the University of Calgary; and |
◾ | Furthering our progress on Carbonplace, an international joint effort to create an innovative voluntary carbon credit technology platform. |
As we continue to execute on our climate strategy in support of our net-zero ambition by 2050, CIBC is committed to listening to all our stakeholders as such, we have reviewed and are assessing the report published by OXFAM-Quebec on Canadian banks carbon footprints referenced in MEDACs proposal.
We are also committed to working with clients to support their own plans to achieve net-zero, and remaining accountable by reporting transparently on our progress, including through a planned climate report in 2023 that will disclose our progress made to-date on our established financed emissions 2030 targets.
Æquo Shareholder Engagement Services (Æquo) for Bâtirente, régime de retraite des membres de la CSN and Congrégation de Notre-Dame and co-filed by Vancity
Æquo Shareholder Engagement Services (on behalf of Bâtirente and CND) and Vancity Investment Management submitted a shareholder proposal requesting that CIBC publish a report describing 1) its expectations of what a credible transition plan is for clients in sectors most exposed to climate-related risks; and 2) procedures to ensure these transition plans will help CIBC reach its 2030 interim targets to reduce the financed emissions associated with its lending portfolios.
After discussion with CIBC, Æquo and Vancity withdrew the proposal based on CIBCs ongoing work, including that CIBC is planning to publish a climate-focused report in March 2023 that will describe:
◾ | Indicators used in its carbon scoring methodology to identify and understand the climate-related risks and transition activities of its clients, and which includes, but is not limited to transition indicators; |
◾ | Performance categories included in its carbon scoring legend, and summary of the performance of its oil and gas and power generation clients in relation to these categories; and |
◾ | The existing processes established to review results and determine next steps. |
Æquo and Vancity recognize that CIBCs efforts form a part of an evolving framework that supports its net-zero ambition by 2050 and 2030 interim goals. It is expected that Æquo, Vancity and CIBC will continue to engage as the bank evolves its approach to reducing financed emissions.
107 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Indebtedness of Directors and Executive Officers
All transactions with directors and executive officers must be on market terms and conditions unless, in the case of banking products and services for executive officers, otherwise stipulated under approved policy guidelines that govern all employees. Any loans to directors and executive officers must also be made in accordance with the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
The table below shows outstanding indebtedness to CIBC or its subsidiaries incurred by directors, director nominees and executive officers of CIBC or its subsidiaries and their associates, other than routine indebtedness(1) as defined under Canadian securities law and indebtedness that had been entirely repaid by the date of this Circular.
Indebtedness of Directors and Executive Officers under (1) Securities Purchases and (2) Other Programs | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Name and Principal Position | Involvement of CIBC or Subsidiary |
Largest Amount 2022 ($) |
Amount 2023 ($) |
Financially Assisted 2022 (#) |
Security for Indebtedness |
Amount October 31, 2022 ($) |
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Securities Purchase Programs(2) |
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Harry Culham, Group Head, Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services | CIBC as lender | 175,223 | 170,606 | - | |
CIBC common shares |
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- | ||||||||||||||
Hratch Panossian, CFO and Head of Enterprise Strategy | CIBC as lender | 183,373 | 169,649 | - | |
CIBC common shares |
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- |
(1) | Routine indebtedness includes (i) loans made on terms no more favourable than loans to employees generally, for which the amount remaining unpaid does not exceed $50,000 at any time during the last completed financial year to any director, executive officer, or proposed nominee together with their associates; (ii) loans to full-time employees, fully secured against their residence and not exceeding their annual salary; (iii) loans other than to full-time employees, on substantially the same terms available to other customers with comparable credit and involving no more than the usual risk of collectability; and (iv) loans for purchases on usual trade terms, or for ordinary travel or expense advances, or similar reasons, with repayment arrangements in accordance with usual commercial practice. |
(2) | CIBC employees can obtain credit from CIBC to purchase CIBC common shares under CIBCs employee loan program. All loans granted under the program have a maximum amortization of 15 years and interest rates are fixed at the time of purchase at CIBCs prime rate or 5%, whichever is lower. The credit criteria of the program and the compensation level of the borrower are considered when determining the amount of credit granted. The balance of the loan and accrued interest will become due immediately on demand, at CIBCs option, if the employee does not make a payment when due or if such amounts become due in accordance with any security held by CIBC for the loan (e.g., any security agreement, chattel mortgage, land mortgage, hypothec, etc.). |
The table below shows the aggregate indebtedness to CIBC or its subsidiaries of current and former directors, executive officers and employees of CIBC and its subsidiaries. This amount does not include routine indebtedness described in note (1) above.
Aggregate Indebtedness(1) | ||||
Purpose | To CIBC or its Subsidiaries ($) |
To Another Entity | ||
Securities Purchase |
340,255 | | ||
Other |
94,282,350 | |
(1) | Certain loans were made in US dollars. These amounts have been converted to Canadian dollars based on the January 31, 2023 WM/Reuters exchange rate of US$1.00 = C$1.3344. |
C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R | 108 |
Other Information
Directors and Officers Liability Insurance
Effective November 1, 2022, CIBC purchased at its expense a directors and officers liability insurance policy that protects directors and officers against liability incurred by them while acting as directors and officers of CIBC and its subsidiaries. The insurance applies where CIBC does not, or is not permitted to, indemnify them. This insurance has a limit of $300 million per claim and in the aggregate for the twelve-month period ending November 1, 2023. There is no deductible. The annual premium for this policy is approximately $1.7 million.
Under the Bank Act (Canada) and CIBCs by-laws, CIBC indemnifies any director or officer of CIBC, any former director or officer of CIBC, and any other person who acts or acted at CIBCs request as a director or officer of or in a similar capacity for another entity, and their heirs and personal representatives, against all costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment reasonably incurred by them in respect of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding in which they are involved because of that association with CIBC or other entity provided (i) the person acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of, as the case may be, CIBC or the other entity for which they acted at CIBCs request as a director or officer or in a similar capacity; and (ii) in the case of a criminal or administrative action or proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, the person had reasonable grounds for believing that their conduct was lawful.
During fiscal 2022, CIBC paid approximately $596,000 as an advance for legal fees and disbursements on behalf of Gerald T. McCaughey, former President and Chief Executive Officer; Thomas D. Woods, former Senior Executive Vice-President and Vice-Chairman; Ken Kilgour, former Senior Executive Vice-President and Chief Risk Officer; and Brian G. Shaw, former Senior Executive Vice-President and Chief Executive Officer of CIBC World Markets Inc., and $125 million on January 17, 2022 in connection with the settlement of the civil action entitled Howard Green and Anne Bell v. Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, et al, commenced in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice.
Financial information about CIBC is in our consolidated financial statements and MD&A for fiscal 2022. Additional information is available in our Circular, Annual Information Form, Annual Report and any subsequent interim financial statements and MD&A.
You can access these documents at www.cibc.com and www.sedar.com or obtain a printed copy free of charge by contacting Investor Relations at investorrelations@cibc.com or CIBC Investor Relations, 81 Bay Street, CIBC Square, Toronto, Ontario M5J 0E7.
Vote Results and Minutes of Meeting
Our vote results and the minutes of our meeting will be available at www.cibc.com. Vote results will also be filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.
Contacting our Board of Directors
You may contact the Board, the Chair of the Board, a Board committee or a Board member at corporate.secretary@cibc.com or CIBC Corporate Secretarys Division, 81 Bay Street, CIBC Square, 20th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5J 0E7.
The Board approved the contents of this Circular and sending it to shareholders.
Michelle Caturay
Senior Vice-President, Associate General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
February 16, 2023
109 | C I B C P R O X Y C I R C U L A R |
Head Office
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Investor Relations
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Call: 416 813-3743
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Email: investorrelations@cibc.com
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All paper used in the production of CIBCs 2023 Management Proxy Circular is Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC®) certified.
This paper is acid free and elemental chlorine free.
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The CIBC logo is a trademark of CIBC. |
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Exhibit 99.2
CIBC Ambitions made real Annual Report 2022
CIBCs purpose is to help make your ambition a reality Who we are CIBC is a leading and well-diversified North American financial institution committed to creating enduring value for all our stakeholders our clients, team, communities and shareholders. We are guided by our purpose to help make your ambition a reality, and we are activating our resources to create positive change and contribute to a more secure, equitable and sustainable future. Across our bank and our businesses Personal and Business Banking, Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, and Capital Markets our 50,000 employees bring our purpose to life every day for our 13 million personal banking, business, public sector and institutional clients in Canada, the U.S. and around the world. Our strategy In 2022, our modern relationship-oriented bank continued to focus on delivering superior client experience and top-tier shareholder returns while maintaining our financial strength, risk discipline and advancing our purpose-driven culture. Going forward, the execution of our client-focused strategy will enable us to continue driving long-term growth and to build on our momentum as we focus on three strategic priorities: 1. Further growing our market share of high-growth, high-touch client segments; 2. Elevating the CIBC banking experience for our clients through investments in digitization and technology, and further increasing connectivity across our businesses; and 3. Investing in our future differentiator businesses that are positioned to win in faster growing markets. 2022 highlights $6.2B 14.0% 13M Reported net income Return on equity Clients $6.6B 14.7% 11.7% Adjusted net income(1) Adjusted return on equity(1) Common Equity Tier 1 ratio(2) (1) Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information, see the Non-GAAP measures section of the managements discussion and analysis (MD&A). (2) Calculated pursuant to Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) Guideline, which is based on Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) standards.
at a glance |
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(1) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. (2) Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information, see the Non-GAAP measures section of the MD&A. |
Financial highlights For the year ended October 31 (Canadian $ in billions, except as noted) 2022 2021 Financial results Revenue 21.8 20.0 Provision for credit losses 1.1 0.2 Expenses 12.8 11.5 Reported/Adjusted net income(1) 6.2/6.6 6.4/6.7 Adjusted pre-provision, pre-tax earnings(1) 9.4 8.8 Financial measures (%) Reported(2)/Adjusted efficiency ratio(1) 58.6/56.4 57.6/55.4 Reported(2)/Adjusted return on common shareholders equity (ROE)(1) 14.0/14.7 16.1/16.7 Net interest margin(2) 1.40 1.42 Total shareholder return (13.56) 58.03 Common share information Reported/Adjusted diluted earnings per share(1)(3) 6.68/7.05 6.96/7.23 Market capitalization 56.1 67.7 Dividends (%) Dividend yield 5.3 3.9 Reported(2)/Adjusted dividend payout ratio(1) 48.8/46.3 41.8/40.3 Net income by strategic business unit Canadian Personal and Business Banking 2.2 2.5 Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management 1.9 1.7 U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management 0.8 0.9 Capital Markets 1.9 1.9 2022 financial scorecard Target Reported results Adjusted results(1) Diluted earnings per 5%10% annually(4) $6.68, down 4% from 2021 $7.05, down 2% from 2021 share (EPS) growth(3) 3-year CAGR(5) = 6.1% 3-year CAGR = 5.8% 5-year CAGR = 3.5% 5-year CAGR = 4.9% Return on equity At least 15%(4) 14.0% 14.7% (ROE)(2) 3-year average = 13.4% 3-year average = 14.4% 5-year average = 14.2% 5-year average = 15.2% Operating leverage(2) Positive(4) (1.9)%, a decrease of (1.9)%, a decrease of 720 basis points from 2021 260 basis points from 2021 3-year average = (0.2)% 3-year average = (0.6)% 5-year average = 0.1% 5-year average = 0.5% CET1 ratio Strong buffer to 11.7% regulatory requirement Dividend 40%50%(4) 48.8% 46.3% payout ratio(2) 3-year average = 53.8% 3-year average = 48.9% 5-year average = 51.3% 5-year average = 47.4% Total shareholder Outperform the S&P/TSX 3-year 5-year return Composite Banks Index over a CIBC: 28.5% 40.2% rolling three- and five-year period Banks Index: 29.0% 40.6% (1) Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information, see the Non-GAAP measures section of the MD&A. (2) For additional information on the composition of these specified financial measures, see the Glossary section of the MD&A. (3) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. (4) Based on adjusted measures. Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information, see the Non-GAAP measures section of the MD&A. (5) The 3-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is calculated from 2019 to 2022 and the 5-year CAGR is calculated from 2017 to 2022.
Our commitment to ESG ESG strategy Ambitions in action Were activating our resources to create positive change for our team, our clients, our communities and our planet, contributing to a more secure, equitable and sustainable future where everyones ambitions are made real. We are putting our ESG commitments into action by: Building integrity and trust Were leveraging technology to deliver innovative solutions that enable our clients to achieve their financial goals, and empowering our team to further enhance client experience. Prioritizing the good of our clients, shareholders and society, we advanced our work on Data Ethics Impact and Risk Assessment to help guide the ethical acquisition, management and use of data, supported by a process and Advisory Committee to evaluate risk, bringing governance and oversight, and underpinned by our culture and training. Demonstrating how were rapidly transforming our bank to be more agile, scalable and resilient, while designing security into everything we do as part of our overall Technology Strategy with the multi-year agreement with Microsoft Azure. Enhancing secure data sharing for clients, ensuring a safe and seamless experience for clients to share their financial information with third-party fintech applications facilitated by our partnership with MX Technologies Inc. Creating access to opportunities Were investing in strengthening and building more equitable and resilient communities. Our action plan is focused on removing barriers to access, championing change as an employer, and strengthening the communities we serve. Partnering with Microsoft Canada and co-funded by the CIBC Foundation, our new Social Impact Alliance will support NPower Canada and March of Dimes Canada to focus on closing the digital skills gap by providing new education and employment opportunities in the technology sector and ensuring equal access for all communities across the country. Fostering partnerships to offer diverse products and services to remove barriers and help reduce inequalities, advance social and economic inclusion, we continue to focus on ways to improve the Indigenous Housing Loan Program which is specifically designed to address the housing shortage within Indigenous communities in Canada. Building on our banking program designed for Black-owned businesses, we launched our new Black Entrepreneur Program to drive transformational opportunities in Canadian communities with a commitment of $15 million in business loans over four years (20222025). Accelerating climate action Our goal is to support clients climate ambitions, encourage consumer behaviour, and further refine our operations. Our action plan is focused on responsibly managing our own carbon footprint and providing advice, products and effective solutions that enable our clients to take meaningful steps towards achieving their own sustainability goals. Set interim targets to significantly reduce the carbon intensity of our financed emissions on our oil and gas and power generation portfolios by 2030, to further the banks net-zero ambition associated with operational and financing activities by 2050. Furthered our progress on Carbonplace, an international joint effort to create an innovative voluntary carbon credit technology platform, by expanding the network of banks from four to nine founding members and moving towards commercializing the platform. CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT i
Our commitment to ESG Our contribution to the ecosystem Achieving our collective sustainability ambitions requires system-wide change through collaboration and partnership. In addition to directly supporting our clients, we are investing in, and partnering within, the broader ecosystem to mobilize capital, inform policy, enable technology and develop the next generation of leaders. Contributing to policy and framework development Informing and supporting public-private approaches to develop infrastructure needed to mobilize sustainable finance and frameworks to measure financed emissions Developing market-based solutions Mobilizing $300 billion in sustainable finance by 2030(1) Commercializing Carbonplace to scale voluntary carbon markets Investing in climate technology Providing $100 million in limited partnership investments in climate technology and energy transition funds Supporting our clients sustainability ambitions Helping clients align to major energy shifts through industry leading advice and capital markets solutions Partnering with academia Partnering with academia to support the energy transition, scale Canadas sustainable finance market Fostering talent Developing future talent to build expertise to service the new economy and power the industries of tomorrow 1 Sustainable financing largely relates to client activities that support, but are not limited to, renewable and emission-free energy, energy efficiency, sustainable infrastructure, green buildings, sustainability-linked financings and green financial products. The products offered by CIBC included in our mobilization commitment to support these client activities include loans and loan syndications, debt and equity underwritings, M&A advisory and principal investments. ii CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
Our commitment to ESG Client experience Our clients are at the centre of what we do and our purpose is to help make their ambitions a reality. In 2022, we continued to invest in transforming our client experience, equipping our team to help clients achieve their goals and make it easy to bank with us. We welcomed more than two million Costco Mastercard clients to CIBC and focused on ensuring they were successfully transitioned to their new card. We also established a new contact centre to provide tailored service, and we survey these clients regularly along with all clients to measure their satisfaction. We made it easier for clients to bank with us digitally both in Canada and the U.S. We added new functionality on our CIBC US mobile app that makes it fast and easy to send money from a CIBC chequing or savings account to family and friends, wherever they bank. In Canada, we added the ability to check unrecognized credit card transactions online, a CIBC Virtual Assistant for mobile banking to provide on the go support and answers, and we were the first of the Big 5 banks to introduce the convenience of future-dated and recurring Interac e-Transfer payments. Our ongoing focus on improving our clients online experience led to a #1 ranking in the J.D. Power Online Banking Satisfaction Study, #1 in the Surviscor Mobile Banking Review, and a leadership award at the Digital Bankers Global Digital CX Banking Awards. We continued to focus on providing clients with advice and simplifying financial planning so they can focus on reaching their goals. Since launching CIBC GoalPlanner in 2020, 400,000 financial plans have been completed through our digital goal-setting platform, leading to significantly higher satisfaction (net promoter score) among clients who used the platform with the help of their financial advisor. Additionally, weve expanded advice capabilities to more clients by launching a new Associate Financial Advisor role in our banking centres, enhanced SmartAdvice tools and resources on our website and created a family office offering to support the unique wealth management needs of Canadian high-net-worth families. We redesigned our complaint-handling processes and platform to improve efficiency and transparency. Once implemented, we will have actionable insights that will help us resolve common client pain points and remove barriers. Heres what some of our clients had to say about our bank: Facing unexpected debt during the pandemic was frustrating and stressful. Luckily Kasey was there. He wasnt just an advisor. He was a friend. CIBC client, Chris C. CIBC didnt see our age they saw our ambition. We knew we wanted this business, but we didnt have the funding. The CIBC team really explained everything about the Black Entrepreneur Program. Our advisor Chancie R. was a huge help for us in understanding how the loan fit in with our business needs. CIBC clients, Chanice D. and Victoria C. The Bernese Barista It helps when someone believes in you. It makes you feel like you can achieve your dreams. My advisor Shayla never let me dream small. CIBC client, Alexa A. Auntie Aldoos Kitchen CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT iii
2022 revenue by business segment $8.91B Canadian Personal and Business Banking $5.25B Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management $2.46B U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management $5.00B Capital Markets Message from the President and Chief Executive Officer Victor G. Dodig President and Chief Executive Officer Today, CIBC is a bank on the rise with a strong foundation in place and a clear strategy focused on our clients, as well as a track record for delivering for all our stakeholders through the growth of our business and our commitment to a more sustainable future. iv CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
In 2022, our many accomplishments demonstrated that we have truly become the relationship-oriented bank for a modern world that we set out to build. We see this in our strong new client acquisition and robust top-line growth, and in the excitement and engagement across our team every day as we live our purpose to help make our clients ambitions a reality. Today, CIBC is a bank on the rise with a strong foundation in place and a clear strategy focused on our clients, as well as a track record for delivering for all our stakeholders through the growth of our business and our commitment to a more sustainable future. At the onset of the pandemic, we were there for our clients and stakeholders with advice, support, and an unwavering commitment to our communities in challenging times. Across the economy in 2022, families and businesses refocused on their long-term ambitions but are facing a more uncertain economic environment. Interest rates have moved higher to address rising inflation, and economic growth is forecast to slow in the key markets in which we operate. As weve always done, well be there for our clients with the right advice and solutions to keep their long-term ambitions on track. Doing so is core to our client-focused culture, and is driving our strong performance. The momentum we have established across our bank positions us well to deliver sustainable outperformance over the long term, through the continued execution of our client-focused strategy: Focusing on high-growth, high-touch segments of the market, where we have competitive advantages and clear momentum to deliver for clients and drive growth; Elevating the client experience through continued investments in digital, empowering our clients to do more and engage with our bank through technology, as well as enhancing the experience for our team; and Building future differentiators, areas of our business where we are widening strategic advantages to differentiate our bank in important growth markets moving forward. Victor Dodig touring a clients shipyard in Halifax, Nova Scotia. 2022 business performance The execution of our strategy and the positive results of our investments were clear in our 2022 performance. Our bank reported earnings in 2022 of $6.2 billion or $6.68 per share, or on an adjusted basis(1) $6.6 billion or $7.05 per share. These results were in line with last year, mainly as a result of more normal credit provisions, coming off a year of credit provision releases in 2021. Revenue of $21.8 billion was up 9%, and adjusted pre-provision, pre-tax earnings(1) of $9.4 billion were up 7% from last year. These results were driven by robust volume growth across all businesses, a direct result of the continued execution of our client-focused strategy and the investments were making in growth, which will benefit our business in 2023 and beyond. Building Canadas leading retail bank We have repositioned our Canadian Personal and Business Banking business for growth, and delivered strong results in 2022. Through a focus on our advisory capabilities and our leading digital offerings, we achieved our strongest net client growth since 2017, grew our market share across deposits and loans, and continued to earn recognition for our digital platforms as we were ranked First by J.D. Power in online banking among our Canadian peers. Our emphasis on meeting the more complex financial needs of affluent Canadians a high-touch, high-growth market for our bank has contributed to our growth. CIBCs Imperial Service offer is a structural advantage for us in this market, providing a dedicated advisor for clients with more complex financial needs. Weve enhanced this offer through innovative, data-centric digital tools including CIBC GoalPlanner a digital platform that our clients and our team can use to interact in establishing and tracking a clients personalized plan. Our bank plays a critical role as an enabler for the sustainability ambitions of our clients. We have long been committed to this role, and it is embedded in our strategic growth plans and our approach to doing business. (1) This measure is a non-GAAP measure. For additional information, see the Non-GAAP measures section of the MD&A. CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT v
Message from the President and Chief Executive Officer Our acquisition of the Costco credit card portfolio in Canada provided more scale in our Cards portfolio, and presents a significant long-term relationship opportunity as we introduce the more than two million new clients who joined our bank through the acquisition to the value of CIBCs advice-based offering. Victor Dodig speaking at CIBCs 2022 Investor Day at CIBC SQUARE in Toronto. Our acquisition of the Costco credit card portfolio in Canada provided more scale in our Cards portfolio, and presents a significant long-term relationship opportunity as we introduce the more than two million new clients who joined our bank through the acquisition to the value of CIBCs advice-based offering. Early results from our conversations with these clients have been very positive. We continued to innovate and develop future differentiators for our business clients with the announcement of our partnership with U.K.-based fintech Pollinate to launch Tyl by CIBC - a cloud-based, digital-first platform for small- and medium-sized businesses that enables safe and secure payments acceptance and the administration of loyalty programs. Overall, our retail business demonstrated robust growth through a continued focus on deepening relationships with clients and enabled by investments in technology. We carry significant momentum into 2023. Banking the private economy Our unique structure of bringing our commercial banking and wealth management businesses together in both Canada and the U.S. positions us to be the financial advice leader in the private economy across North America. In Canada, weve built a relationship-focused commercial bank with above-market, risk-controlled growth, and continued to see strong demand for both loans and deposits last year. Our Private Wealth business has a positive growth trajectory as weve invested in new technology to augment our advice offering. As just one proof point of our progress, The Globe and Mail named over 30 CIBC Wood Gundy advisors to Canadas Top Wealth Advisors in 2022. In our Asset Management business, we further incorporated an ESG framework into all actively managed investment strategies, and continue to rank favourably in our mutual fund net sales compared to our peers. In the U.S., weve taken a strategic and disciplined approach with a relationship-driven mindset to build our commercial and private wealth franchise and its working. Weve seen robust growth year-over-year. Across borders, were uniquely positioned to support individual investors and private economy clients through an integrated approach, investments in the right platforms and increased connectivity across our teams. Additionally, were future-focused on the new economy and are differentiated in this area through our growing Innovation Banking business, which continued to expand in 2022. Our collaborative and unique approach to our commercial and wealth management business gives us a competitive edge in this market that we will continue to build well into the future.
Growing our differentiated capital markets platform We have built a capital markets platform with a diversified business mix and a focus on connectivity with clients across our bank, which produces recurring revenues to reduce the volatility of traditional capital markets earnings. This has led to strong relative performance over the last several years, and stands as a unique platform among our peers. In addition to deep relationships with clients across Canada, in line with our strategic priorities we have doubled the revenue from our U.S. capital markets platform over the past five years. We will continue to capitalize on our organic growth opportunities in the U.S. in the years to come, leveraging the strong connectivity across our teams to meet more client needs. Through our focus on high-growth segments of the market where we can leverage our industry leading advice and expertise to drive growth, we are ranked among the top 10 banks in North America in financing for the renewable energy sector. This result speaks to the growth in our North American capital markets capabilities, and is a differentiator for us in a segment of the market that will continue to be a significant growth opportunity in the years ahead. The introduction and rapid growth of Canadian Depositary Receipts, a groundbreaking innovation in the way Canadian investors buy and hold shares of global companies, is one example of working together across our bank to meet the needs of our clients leveraging our capital markets platform. Our Direct Financial Services business a collection of digital businesses including our Simplii Financial, Investors Edge, and Alternate Solutions Group is a differentiator for our bank. In 2022, Simplii was ranked number one in client experience by Ipsos, a statement on the value of our offer and the growth potential we have in this business moving forward. We offer a unique value proposition and were investing in the continued growth of this business in the coming years. Executive team Victor G. Dodig President and Chief Executive Officer Shawn Beber Senior Executive Vice-President and Group Head, U.S. Region; President and CEO, CIBC Bank USA Harry Culham Senior Executive Vice-President and Group Head, Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services Laura Dottori-Attanasio Senior Executive Vice-President and Group Head, Personal and Business Banking, Canada Frank Guse Senior Executive Vice-President and Chief Risk Officer Jon Hountalas Senior Executive Vice-President and Group Head, Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, Canada Christina Kramer Senior Executive Vice-President and Group Head, Technology, Infrastructure and Innovation Kikelomo Lawal Executive Vice-President and Chief Legal Officer Hratch Panossian Senior Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer Sandy Sharman Senior Executive Vice-President and Group Head, People, Culture and Brand CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT vii
Message from the President and Chief Executive Officer Canadian Cancer Society CIBC Run for the Cure event, 2022. Enabling a more sustainable future Our bank plays a critical role as an enabler for the sustainability ambitions of our clients. We have long been committed to this role, and it is embedded in our strategic growth plans and our approach to doing business. Our ESG strategy is focused on accelerating climate action, building integrity and trust, and creating access to opportunities. We made progress in all these areas in 2022. As part of our ambition to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions from our operational and financing activities by 2050, we established interim targets for the reduction in emissions intensity from our oil and gas and power generation portfolios by 2030. Our bank is emerging as a leader in helping clients advance their strategic objectives related to sustainability. We work closely with traditional energy companies to invest in producing energy responsibly, and with emerging sectors who can help to power the future. Both are essential to advancing our sustainability ambitions. We are committed to an inclusive economy, and an inclusive society. Early this year, we launched the CIBC Foundation, which is focused on creating social and economic opportunities for all. In its first year, the CIBC Foundation announced initiatives such as our new partnership with Microsoft to invest in career opportunities in technology for communities currently underrepresented in the field. This provides an opportunity for individuals to accelerate their career ambitions, and supports economic growth for us all by strengthening our talent pool in sectors of the future. We also introduced products and programs for underserved communities in banking including a new banking program launched last year designed specifically for Black-owned businesses. Early response has been strong and were looking forward to furthering our progress here in the year ahead. We also continue to be leaders in gender balance we were recently named to The Globe and Mails Women Lead Here benchmark for executive gender diversity. This year marked the return of the Canadian Cancer Society CIBC Run for the Cure as an in-person event, raising $13 million for a cause that is close to the hearts of so many across our team. Investing in our team Our connected culture is a differentiator for our bank, and our team is the foundation for the momentum weve established across our business. I want to thank our remarkable team who live our purpose every day. We believe that investing in our team is also an investment in our growth potential. In 2022, we enhanced our health and benefits program, including by increasing income replacement benefits during child care leave, mental health services, gender affirmation care, fertility treatments and access to registered dieticians. In addition, we furthered our focus on wellbeing by actively discussing topics including mental health, physical health, and work-life balance with leaders and across our team. These conversations are vital to advancing a culture that enables our team members to be at their best for our clients and our stakeholders every day. In addition, we launched YourPulse@CIBC, a new global health and wellbeing platform which enables employees to set wellness goals and engage in individual and group challenges to encourage positive wellbeing behaviours. We also increased our base salary for a number of employees in 2022, and committed to further increasing our minimum entry wage in Canada and the U.S. to $25 per hour by 2025. In 2022, we completed our move into the first tower of CIBC SQUARE, which is now home to over 13,000 team members in Toronto, collaborating to meet the needs of our clients. As a result of these and other investments, our employee engagement scores rank us among high-performing organizations across all industries an advantage that shows in the dedication and commitment of our entire team every day. Closing CIBC is a relationship-oriented bank for a modern world. We enter 2023 with the confidence that our bank is well positioned for another year of success, with the strength to weather any challenges and to capitalize on growth opportunities across the spectrum. We have clear momentum, and a client-focused strategy that leverages our advantages in the market to deliver more for our clients and create value for our stakeholders. Victor G. Dodig President and Chief Executive Officer viii CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
Message from the Chair of the Board 2022 marked a year of continued momentum across CIBC. As geopolitical and economic factors created greater uncertainty, CIBCs purpose-led culture and client-focused strategy guided the efforts of the entire team and created value for all of our stakeholders. CIBCs strong momentum was highlighted at an Investor Day in June of this year, and the Board is in full support of the strategy, priorities and investments outlined for the path forward. Your Board actively monitors the execution of the banks strategic investments and the relative performance of the business. We continued to oversee the banks talent strategy to ensure a strong and diverse talent pipeline. CIBC appointed a number of senior leaders into new roles to further build their experience and capabilities in key business and functional roles. Your Board is committed to making continued progress on environmental, social and governance matters, further embedding ESG into our strategy and operations. Positive developments this year include setting 2030 interim financed emissions targets for greenhouse gases for several portfolios. Importantly, executive compensation, as well as compensation for the majority of team members, continues to be tied to ESG performance, including climate targets. In addition, the Board remains well informed on the evolving ESG landscape through our regular director development program. Fostering an inclusive team and advocating for an inclusive economy are priorities for CIBC. Your 2022 Board, comprised of directors with diverse experience, backgrounds and geographical representation, remained gender-balanced for a second year, and includes directors who identify as people of colour and a member of the LGBTQ+ community. Two new directors joined your Board this year. Ammar Aljoundi, President and CEO of Agnico Eagle Mines Limited, brings deep experience in business strategy, capital markets and banking. Bill Morneau, formerly Canadas Minister of Finance, brings strategic insight and breadth of leadership across the public and private sectors, as well as strong international expertise. Id like to warmly welcome Ammar and Bill to CIBCs Board of Directors. Patrick D. Daniel retired from your Board this year. On behalf of CIBCs shareholders and fellow board members, Id like to thank Pat for his important contributions over the last 13 years. We remain optimistic about the future, and confident that the momentum established in 2022 will continue to move CIBC forward. I would like to thank our President and CEO, Victor Dodig and our management team for their continued leadership, and recognize the 50,000 team members who live CIBCs purpose every day. Katharine B. Stevenson Chair of the Board CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT ix
The Enhanced Disclosure Task Force (EDTF), established by the Financial Stability Board, released its report Enhancing the Risk Disclosures of Banks in 2012, which included thirty-two disclosure recommendations. The index below provides the listing of these disclosures, along with their locations. EDTF disclosures are located in our managements discussion and analysis, consolidated financial statements, and supplementary packages, which may be found on our website (www.cibc.com). No information on CIBCs website, including the supplementary packages, should be considered incorporated herein by reference.
Topics | Recommendations | Disclosures | Managements discussion and analysis |
Consolidated financial statements |
Pillar 3 Report
and Supplementary regulatory capital disclosure | |||||
Page references | ||||||||||
General | 1 | Index of risk information current page |
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2 | Risk terminology and measures |
104 | 7173 | |||||||
3 | Top and emerging risks |
55 | ||||||||
4 | Key future regulatory ratio requirements |
40, 43, 78, 79 | 170171 | 9, 16 | ||||||
Risk governance, risk management and business model |
5 | Risk management structure |
48, 49 | |||||||
6 | Risk culture and appetite |
47, 50, 52 | ||||||||
7 | Risks arising from business activities |
53, 58 | ||||||||
8 | Bank-wide stress testing |
3536, 54, 62, 67, 74, 76 |
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Capital adequacy and risk-weighted assets |
9 | Minimum capital requirements |
3536 | 170171 | ||||||
10 | Components of capital and |
40 | 811 | |||||||
11 | Regulatory capital flow statement |
41 | 12 | |||||||
12 | Capital management and planning |
43 | 170171 | |||||||
13 | Business activities and risk-weighted assets |
42, 58 | 4 | |||||||
14 | Risk-weighted assets and capital requirements |
38, 42 | 4 | |||||||
15 | Credit risk by major portfolios |
6065 | 2736 | |||||||
16 | Risk-weighted assets flow statement |
42 | 4, 5 | |||||||
17 | Back-testing of models |
54, 62, 72 | 69, 70 | |||||||
Liquidity | 18 | Liquid assets |
77 | |||||||
Funding | 19 | Encumbered assets |
77 | |||||||
20 | Contractual maturity of assets, liabilities |
81 | ||||||||
21 | Funding strategy and sources |
80 | ||||||||
Market risk | 22 | Reconciliation of trading
and |
71 | |||||||
23 | Significant trading and
non-trading |
7175 | ||||||||
24 | Model assumptions, limitations and |
7175 | ||||||||
25 | Stress testing and scenario analysis |
35, 74 | ||||||||
Credit risk | 26 | Analysis of credit risk exposures |
6369 | 143150, 189 | 67, 6568 | |||||
27 | Impaired loan and forbearance techniques |
60, 68, 88 | 123 | |||||||
28 | Reconciliation of impaired loans and the |
68 | 144 | |||||||
29 | Counterparty credit risk arising from |
60, 64 | 159160 | 68, 35 (1) | ||||||
30 | Credit risk mitigation |
60 | 159160 | 20, 2736, 3940, 4650, 53, 68 | ||||||
Other risks | 31 | Other risks |
8286 | |||||||
32 | Discussion of publicly known
risk |
82 | 182 |
(1) | Included in supplementary financial information package. |
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Managements discussion and analysis
Managements discussion and analysis (MD&A) is provided to enable readers to assess CIBCs financial condition and results of operations as at and for the year ended October 31, 2022, compared with prior years. The MD&A should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements. Unless otherwise indicated, all financial information in this MD&A has been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS or GAAP) and all amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars. Certain disclosures in the MD&A have been shaded as they form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. The MD&A is current as of November 30, 2022. Additional information relating to CIBC, including the Annual Information Form, is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on the United States (U.S.) Securities and Exchange Commissions (SEC) website at www.sec.gov. No information on CIBCs website (www.cibc.com) should be considered incorporated herein by reference. A glossary of terms used in the MD&A and the audited consolidated financial statements is provided on pages 101 to 107 of this Annual Report.
2 | Overview | |
2 | Our strategy | |
2 | Performance against objectives | |
4 | Financial highlights | |
5 | Economic and market environment | |
5 | Year in review 2022 | |
5 | Outlook for calendar year 2023 | |
6 | Significant events |
A NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS: From time to time, we make written or oral forward-looking statements within the meaning of certain securities laws, including in this Annual Report, in other filings with Canadian securities regulators or the SEC and in other communications. All such statements are made pursuant to the safe harbour provisions of, and are intended to be forward-looking statements under applicable Canadian and U.S. securities legislation, including the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements made in the Message from the President and Chief Executive Officer, Overview Performance against objectives, Economic and market environment Outlook for calendar year 2023, Significant events, Financial performance overview Taxes, Strategic business units overview Canadian Personal and Business Banking, Strategic business units overview Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, Strategic business units overview U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, Strategic business units overview Capital Markets, Financial condition Capital management, Financial condition Off-balance sheet arrangements, Management of risk Risk overview, Management of risk Top and emerging risks, Management of risk Credit risk, Management of risk Market risk, Management of risk Liquidity risk, Accounting and control matters Critical accounting policies and estimates, Accounting and control matters Accounting developments, Accounting and control matters Other regulatory developments and Accounting and control matters Controls and procedures sections of this report and other statements about our operations, business lines, financial condition, risk management, priorities, targets and commitments (including with respect to net-zero emissions), ongoing objectives, strategies, the regulatory environment in which we operate and outlook for calendar year 2023 and subsequent periods. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the words believe, expect, anticipate, intend, estimate, forecast, target, objective and other similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as will, should, would and could. By their nature, these statements require us to make assumptions, including the economic assumptions set out in the Economic and market environment Outlook for calendar year 2023 section of this report, and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties that may be general or specific. Given the continuing impact of high inflation, rising interest rates and the war in Ukraine on the global economy, financial markets, and our business, results of operations, reputation and financial condition, there is inherently more uncertainty associated with our assumptions as compared to prior periods. A variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control, affect our operations, performance and results, and could cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations expressed in any of our forward-looking statements. These factors include: inflationary pressures; global supply-chain disruptions; geopolitical risk, including from the war in Ukraine, the occurrence, continuance or intensification of public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and any related government policies and actions; credit, market, liquidity, strategic, insurance, operational, reputation, conduct and legal, regulatory and environmental risk; currency value and interest rate fluctuations, including as a result of market and oil price volatility; the effectiveness and adequacy of our risk management and valuation models and processes; legislative or regulatory developments in the jurisdictions where we operate, including the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Common Reporting Standard, and regulatory reforms in the United Kingdom and Europe, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervisions global standards for capital and liquidity reform, and those relating to bank recapitalization legislation and the payments system in Canada; amendments to, and interpretations of, risk-based capital guidelines and reporting instructions, and interest rate and liquidity regulatory guidance; the resolution of legal and regulatory proceedings and related matters; the effect of changes to accounting standards, rules and interpretations; changes in our estimates of reserves and allowances; changes in tax laws; changes to our credit ratings; political conditions and developments, including changes relating to economic or trade matters; the possible effect on our business of international conflicts, such as the war in Ukraine, and terrorism; natural disasters, disruptions to public infrastructure and other catastrophic events; reliance on third parties to provide components of our business infrastructure; potential disruptions to our information technology systems and services; increasing cyber security risks which may include theft or disclosure of assets, unauthorized access to sensitive information, or operational disruption; social media risk; losses incurred as a result of internal or external fraud; anti-money laundering; the accuracy and completeness of information provided to us concerning clients and counterparties; the failure of third parties to comply with their obligations to us and our affiliates or associates; intensifying competition from established competitors and new entrants in the financial services industry including through internet and mobile banking; technological change; global capital market activity; changes in monetary and economic policy; general business and economic conditions worldwide, as well as in Canada, the U.S. and other countries where we have operations, including increasing Canadian household debt levels and global credit risks; climate change and other environmental and social risks; our success in developing and introducing new products and services, expanding existing distribution channels, developing new distribution channels and realizing increased revenue from these channels; changes in client spending and saving habits; our ability to attract and retain key employees and executives; our ability to successfully execute our strategies and complete and integrate acquisitions and joint ventures; the risk that expected benefits of an acquisition, merger or divestiture will not be realized within the expected time frame or at all; and our ability to anticipate and manage the risks associated with these factors. This list is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect any of our forward-looking statements. These and other factors should be considered carefully and readers should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements contained in this report represent the views of management only as of the date hereof and are presented for the purpose of assisting our shareholders and financial analysts in understanding our financial position, objectives and priorities and anticipated financial performance as at and for the periods ended on the dates presented, and may not be appropriate for other purposes. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement that is contained in this report or in other communications except as required by law.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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Managements discussion and analysis |
CIBC is a leading and well-diversified North American financial institution committed to creating enduring value for all our stakeholders our clients, team, communities and shareholders. We are guided by our purpose to help make your ambition a reality, and we are activating our resources to create positive change and contribute to a more secure, equitable and sustainable future.
Across our bank and our businesses Personal and Business Banking, Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, and Capital Markets our 50,000 employees bring our purpose to life every day for our 13 million personal banking, business, public sector and institutional clients in Canada, the U.S. and around the world.
In 2022, our modern, relationship-oriented bank continued to focus on delivering superior client experience and top-tier shareholder returns while maintaining our financial strength, risk discipline and advancing our purpose-driven culture. Going forward, the execution of our client-focused strategy will enable us to continue driving long-term growth, and to build on our momentum as we focus on three strategic priorities:
| Further growing our market share of high-growth, high-touch client segments; |
| Elevating the CIBC banking experience for all our clients through investments in digitization and technology, and further increasing connectivity across our businesses; and |
| Investing in our future differentiator businesses that are positioned to win in faster growing markets. |
Performance against objectives
CIBC reports a scorecard of financial measures that we use to evaluate and report on our progress to external stakeholders. These measures can be categorized into four key areas earnings growth, operating leverage, profitability, and balance sheet strength. We have set through the cycle targets for each of these measures, which we currently define as three to five years, assuming a normal business environment and credit cycle. Our ability to achieve these objectives may be adversely affected by extraordinary developments and disruptions.
Throughout 2022, economic challenges driven by geopolitical and persistent supply-chain issues had an impact on our ability to achieve certain performance objectives.
Earnings growth To assess our earnings growth, we monitor our earnings per share (EPS(1)). Our target of 5% to 10% growth reflects a simple average of annual adjusted(2) diluted EPS(1). In 2022, against a backdrop of a challenging economic environment, our year-over-year reported and adjusted(2) diluted EPS(1) decreased by 4% and 2%, respectively. Our 3-year compound annual growth rates (CAGR)(3) for reported and adjusted(2) diluted EPS(1) were 6.1% and 5.8%, respectively, and our 5-year CAGR(3) for reported and adjusted(2) diluted EPS(1) were 3.5% and 4.9%, respectively.
Going forward, we have increased our target to deliver adjusted(2) diluted EPS(1) CAGR of 7% to 10% through the cycle. |
Reported diluted EPS(1) ($)
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Adjusted diluted EPS(1)(2) ($)
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Operating leverage Operating leverage, defined as the difference between the year-over-year percentage change in revenue and year-over-year percentage change in non-interest expenses, is a measure of the relative growth rates of revenue and expenses. In 2022, both our reported and adjusted(2) operating leverage was (1.9)%, compared with 5.3% and 0.7%, respectively in 2021. Our 3-year simple average reported and adjusted(2) operating leverage was (0.2)% and (0.6)%, respectively, and our 5-year simple average reported and adjusted(2) operating leverage was 0.1% and 0.5%, respectively.
Going forward, we will continue to target positive adjusted(2) operating leverage through the cycle. |
Reported operating (%)
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Adjusted
operating (%)
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(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information, see the Non-GAAP measures section. |
(3) | The 3-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is calculated from 2019 to 2022 and the 5-year CAGR is calculated from 2017 to 2022. |
2 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
Profitability We have three metrics to measure profitability, including two shareholder value targets:
1. Return on common shareholders equity (ROE)
ROE, defined as the ratio of net income to average(2) common shareholders equity, is a key measure of profitability. In 2022, our reported and adjusted(1) ROE were at 14.0% and 14.7%, respectively, compared with 16.1% and 16.7%, respectively, in 2021 and below our 2022 target of at least 15%. On a 3-year average basis, our reported and adjusted(1) ROE were 13.4% and 14.4%, respectively. On a 5-year average basis, our reported and adjusted(1) ROE were 14.2% and 15.2%, respectively.
Going forward, we have increased our adjusted(1) ROE target from at least 15% to at least 16% through the cycle by 2025. |
Reported return on common shareholders equity
(%)
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Adjusted return on common shareholders equity(1)
(%)
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2. Dividend payout ratio
Dividend payout ratio is defined as the ratio of common share dividends paid as a percentage of net income after preferred share dividends, premium on preferred share redemptions, and distributions on other equity instruments. Key criteria for considering dividend increases are our current level of payout relative to our target and our view on the sustainability of our current earnings level. In 2022, our reported and adjusted(1) dividend payout ratios were 48.8% and 46.3%, respectively, compared with 41.8% and 40.3%, respectively, in 2021. On a 3-year average basis, our reported and adjusted(1) dividend payout ratios were 53.8% and 48.9%, respectively. On a 5-year average basis, our reported and adjusted(1) dividend payout ratios were 51.3% and 47.4%, respectively.
Going forward, we will continue to target an adjusted(1) dividend payout ratio of 40% to 50% through the cycle. |
Reported dividend payout ratio(3)
(%)
|
Adjusted dividend payout ratio(1)(3)
(%)
| ||
3. Total shareholder return (TSR)
TSR is the ultimate measure of shareholder value, and the output of |
Rolling three-year TSR
(%)
|
Rolling five-year TSR
(%)
|
Balance sheet strength Maintaining a strong balance sheet is foundational to our long-term success. Our goal is to maintain strong capital and liquidity positions. We look to constantly balance our objectives of holding a prudent amount of excess capital for unexpected events and environmental uncertainties, investing in our core businesses, growing through acquisitions and returning capital to our shareholders.
1. Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio
We actively manage our capital to maintain a strong and efficient capital base while supporting our business growth and returning capital to our shareholders. For the year ended October 31, 2022, our CET1(4) ratio was 11.7%, compared with 12.4% in 2021, well above the current regulatory requirement set by OSFI.
Going forward, we will continue to maintain a strong buffer to regulatory requirements.
2. Liquidity coverage ratio (LCR)
Our ability to meet our financial obligations is measured through the LCR ratio. It measures unencumbered high-quality liquid assets (HQLA) that can be converted into cash to meet liquidity needs in a 30-calendar-day liquidity stress scenario. The LCR standard requires that, absent a situation of financial stress, the value of the ratio be no lower than 100%.
For the quarter ended October 31, 2022, our three-month daily average LCR(4) was 129% compared to 127% for the same period last year. |
CET1 ratio(3) (%)
Liquidity coverage ratio
(%)
|
(1) | Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information, see the Non-GAAP measures section. |
(2) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
(3) | In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, effective March 2020, the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) directed that all federally regulated financial institutions (FRFIs) halt share buybacks and dividend increases until further notice. The temporary measure was lifted effective November 4, 2021. |
(4) | CET1 is calculated pursuant to OSFIs Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) Guideline and LCR is calculated pursuant to OSFIs Liquidity Adequacy Requirements (LAR) Guideline, which are both based on Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) standards. |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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3
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Managements discussion and analysis |
As at or for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||||
Financial results ($ millions) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income |
$ | 12,641 | $ | 11,459 | $ | 11,044 | $ | 10,551 | $ | 10,065 | ||||||||||||
Non-interest income |
9,192 | 8,556 | 7,697 | 8,060 | 7,769 | |||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
21,833 | 20,015 | 18,741 | 18,611 | 17,834 | |||||||||||||||||
Provision for credit losses |
1,057 | 158 | 2,489 | 1,286 | 870 | |||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
12,803 | 11,535 | 11,362 | 10,856 | 10,258 | |||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
7,973 | 8,322 | 4,890 | 6,469 | 6,706 | |||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
1,730 | 1,876 | 1,098 | 1,348 | 1,422 | |||||||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 6,243 | $ | 6,446 | $ | 3,792 | $ | 5,121 | $ | 5,284 | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests |
23 | 17 | 2 | 25 | 17 | |||||||||||||||||
Preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders |
171 | 158 | 122 | 111 | 89 | |||||||||||||||||
Common shareholders |
6,049 | 6,271 | 3,668 | 4,985 | 5,178 | |||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to equity shareholders |
$ | 6,220 | $ | 6,429 | $ | 3,790 | $ | 5,096 | $ | 5,267 | ||||||||||||
Financial measures |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Reported efficiency ratio (1) |
58.6 | % | 57.6 | % | 60.6 | % | 58.3 | % | 57.5 | % | ||||||||||||
Reported operating leverage (1) |
(1.9 | )% | 5.3 | % | (4.0 | )% | (1.5 | )% | 2.4 | % | ||||||||||||
Loan loss ratio (2) |
0.14 | % | 0.16 | % | 0.26 | % | 0.29 | % | 0.26 | % | ||||||||||||
Reported return on common shareholders equity (1) |
14.0 | % | 16.1 | % | 10.0 | % | 14.5 | % | 16.6 | % | ||||||||||||
Net interest margin (1) |
1.40 | % | 1.42 | % | 1.50 | % | 1.65 | % | 1.68 | % | ||||||||||||
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets (1)(3) |
1.58 | % | 1.59 | % | 1.69 | % | 1.84 | % | 1.88 | % | ||||||||||||
Return on average assets (1)(3) |
0.69 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.52 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.88 | % | ||||||||||||
Return on average interest-earning assets (1)(3) |
0.78 | % | 0.89 | % | 0.58 | % | 0.89 | % | 0.99 | % | ||||||||||||
Reported effective tax rate |
21.7 | % | 22.5 | % | 22.5 | % | 20.8 | % | 21.2 | % | ||||||||||||
Common share information |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Per share ($) (4) |
basic earnings |
$ | 6.70 | $ | 6.98 | $ | 4.12 | $ | 5.61 | $ | 5.84 | |||||||||||
reported diluted earnings |
6.68 | 6.96 | 4.11 | 5.60 | 5.82 | |||||||||||||||||
dividends |
3.270 | 2.920 | 2.910 | 2.800 | 2.660 | |||||||||||||||||
book value (5) |
49.95 | 45.83 | 42.03 | 39.94 | 36.92 | |||||||||||||||||
Closing share price ($) (4) |
61.87 | 75.09 | 49.69 | 56.16 | 56.84 | |||||||||||||||||
Shares outstanding (thousands) (4) |
weighted-average basic |
903,312 | 897,906 | 890,870 | 888,648 | 886,163 | ||||||||||||||||
weighted-average diluted |
905,684 | 900,365 | 892,042 | 890,915 | 889,254 | |||||||||||||||||
end of period |
906,040 | 901,656 | 894,171 | 890,683 | 885,653 | |||||||||||||||||
Market capitalization ($ millions) |
$ | 56,057 | $ | 67,701 | $ | 44,431 | $ | 50,016 | $ | 50,341 | ||||||||||||
Value measures |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Total shareholder return |
(13.56 | )% | 58.03 | % | (5.90 | )% | 4.19 | % | 4.70 | % | ||||||||||||
Dividend yield (based on closing share price) |
5.3 | % | 3.9 | % | 5.9 | % | 5.0 | % | 4.7 | % | ||||||||||||
Reported dividend payout ratio (1) |
48.8 | % | 41.8 | % | 70.7 | % | 49.9 | % | 45.5 | % | ||||||||||||
Market value to book value ratio |
1.24 | 1.64 | 1.18 | 1.41 | 1.54 | |||||||||||||||||
Selected financial measures adjusted (6) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted efficiency ratio (7) |
56.4 | % | 55.4 | % | 55.8 | % | 55.5 | % | 55.6 | % | ||||||||||||
Adjusted operating leverage (7) |
(1.9 | )% | 0.7 | % | (0.6 | )% | 0.2 | % | 3.2 | % | ||||||||||||
Adjusted return on common shareholders equity |
14.7 | % | 16.7 | % | 11.7 | % | 15.4 | % | 17.4 | % | ||||||||||||
Adjusted effective tax rate |
21.9 | % | 22.7 | % | 21.8 | % | 20.6 | % | 20.0 | % | ||||||||||||
Adjusted diluted earnings per share ($) (4) |
$ | 7.05 | $ | 7.23 | $ | 4.85 | $ | 5.96 | $ | 6.11 | ||||||||||||
Adjusted dividend payout ratio |
46.3 | % | 40.3 | % | 60.0 | % | 46.9 | % | 43.4 | % | ||||||||||||
On- and off-balance sheet information ($ millions) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash, deposits with banks and securities |
$ | 239,740 | $ | 218,398 | $ | 211,564 | $ | 138,669 | $ | 119,355 | ||||||||||||
Loans and acceptances, net of allowance for credit losses |
528,657 | 462,879 | 416,388 | 398,108 | 381,661 | |||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
943,597 | 837,683 | 769,551 | 651,604 | 597,099 | |||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
697,572 | 621,158 | 570,740 | 485,712 | 461,015 | |||||||||||||||||
Common shareholders equity (1) |
45,258 | 41,323 | 37,579 | 35,569 | 32,693 | |||||||||||||||||
Average assets (3) |
900,213 | 809,621 | 735,492 | 639,716 | 598,441 | |||||||||||||||||
Average interest-earning assets (1)(3) |
799,224 | 721,686 | 654,142 | 572,677 | 536,059 | |||||||||||||||||
Average common shareholders equity (1)(3) |
43,354 | 38,881 | 36,792 | 34,467 | 31,184 | |||||||||||||||||
Assets under administration (AUA) (1)(8)(9) |
2,854,828 | 2,963,221 | 2,364,005 | (8) | 2,423,240 | (8) | 2,303,962 | |||||||||||||||
Assets under management (AUM) (1)(9) |
291,513 | 316,834 | 261,037 | (8) | 249,596 | (8) | 225,379 | |||||||||||||||
Balance sheet quality (All-in basis) and liquidity measures (10) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk-weighted assets (RWA) ($ millions) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Total RWA |
$ | 315,634 | $ | 272,814 | $ | 254,871 | $ | 239,863 | n/a | |||||||||||||
CET1 capital RWA |
n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | $ | 216,144 | ||||||||||||||||
Tier 1 capital RWA |
n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 216,303 | |||||||||||||||||
Total capital RWA |
n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 216,462 | |||||||||||||||||
Capital ratios |
||||||||||||||||||||||
CET1 ratio (11) |
11.7 | % | 12.4 | % | 12.1 | % | 11.6 | % | 11.4 | % | ||||||||||||
Tier 1 capital ratio (11) |
13.3 | % | 14.1 | % | 13.6 | % | 12.9 | % | 12.9 | % | ||||||||||||
Total capital ratio (11) |
15.3 | % | 16.2 | % | 16.1 | % | 15.0 | % | 14.9 | % | ||||||||||||
Leverage ratio |
4.4 | % | 4.7 | % | 4.7 | % | 4.3 | % | 4.3 | % | ||||||||||||
LCR (12) |
129 | % | 127 | % | 145 | % | 125 | % | 128 | % | ||||||||||||
Net stable funding ratio (NSFR) |
118 | % | 118 | % | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||
Other information |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Full-time equivalent employees |
50,427 | 45,282 | 43,853 | 45,157 | 44,220 |
(1) | For additional information on the composition, see the Glossary section. |
(2) | The ratio is calculated as the provision for credit losses on impaired loans to average loans and acceptances, net of allowance for credit losses. |
(3) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
(4) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(5) | Common shareholders equity divided by the number of common shares issued and outstanding at end of period. |
(6) | Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. Adjusted measures are calculated in the same manner as reported measures, except that financial information included in the calculation of adjusted measures is adjusted to exclude the impact of items of note. For additional information and a reconciliation of reported results to adjusted results, see the Non-GAAP measures section. |
(7) | Calculated on a taxable equivalent basis (TEB). |
(8) | Includes the full contract amount of AUA or custody under a 50/50 joint venture between CIBC and The Bank of New York Mellon of $2,258.1 billion as at October 31, 2022 (2021: $2,341.1 billion). |
(9) | AUM amounts are included in the amounts reported under AUA. |
(10) | RWA and our capital ratios are calculated pursuant to OSFIs CAR Guideline, the leverage ratio is calculated pursuant to OSFIs Leverage Requirements Guideline, and LCR and NSFR are calculated pursuant to OSFIs LAR Guideline, all of which are based on BCBS standards. For additional information, see the Capital management and Liquidity risk sections. |
(11) | Ratios reflect the expected credit loss (ECL) transitional arrangement announced by OSFI on March 27, 2020 in response to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
(12) | Average for the three months ended October 31 for each respective year. |
n/a | Not applicable. |
4 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
Economic and market environment
Canadas economy registered healthy growth through the first half of 2022, but then joined the U.S. in showing signs of a deceleration in the second half of 2022 in the face of higher interest rates aimed at reducing inflation. Canadas growth benefitted from strength in consumer spending as public health constraints were further eased, funded by income gains from a strong jobs market and prior savings, while nominal exports increased as commodity prices peaked in the first half of the year. Rising interest rates in the latter half of the year caused mortgage demand to decelerate from the very high growth rates in place early in the year as higher interest rates slowed transactions volumes and eased house prices, while wider corporate bond spreads negatively impacted margins. Non-mortgage household credit demand picked up with greater discretionary services spending. Business loan demand remained healthy in both Canada and the U.S., reflecting inflations impact on nominal measures of economic activity and wider spreads in the corporate bond market. Financial markets saw healthy merger and acquisition (M&A) volumes but a softer backdrop for CIBC wealth businesses and equity issuance, particularly in the latter half of the year, as market conditions weakened in the face of the economic shocks from the war in Ukraine, monetary tightening, and prospects for slower growth ahead. Deposit growth in Canada decelerated close to historical norms after being elevated earlier in the pandemic, with a shift towards term deposits as interest rates climbed.
Outlook for calendar year 2023
Global economic growth looks to be weak in 2023 in response to monetary policy tightening, as central banks attempt to ease demand and thereby bring inflation back to target levels. The eurozone and the United Kingdom (U.K.) are likely to see recessions as higher interest rates hit a region already vulnerable due to the spillover impacts from the war in Ukraine. Chinas economy could see some improvement after a year beset with lockdowns, but weakness in its property sector and softer export markets will see another year of below-average growth. The global slowdown will result in most commodity prices at lower average levels in 2023 than in 2022, although geopolitical risks to supply remain a risk for renewed upward pressure. Supply chains could see some improvements from the easing in demand pressures and a further lessening in COVID-19 severity as vaccinations and prior infections reduce the severity of new cases.
In Canada, the Bank of Canada is expected to increase overnight rates to 4.25% and maintain them at elevated levels through calendar 2023, thereby slowing demand to allow inflation to end next year near its 2% target. Weaker economic growth, improvements in supply chains, and softer average prices for food and energy will be key to getting inflation back to that target. Real gross domestic product (GDP) growth is expected to decelerate to 0.6% from an expected growth rate of roughly 3.5% in 2022, with a softening in housing and consumer spending in response to higher interest rates and a gradual climb in the unemployment rate to nearly 6% by the end of calendar 2023, up from an average of 5.3% in 2022. Long-term interest rates in both the U.S. and Canada could end 2023 at lower levels as the market starts to price-in a modest easing in central bank policy rates in 2024, and gains confidence that inflation will be under control.
In the U.S., the effort to contain inflation is likely to see the Federal Reserve take overnight rates just under 5% by early 2023, leaving them at that level through the remainder of the year. The resulting drag on housing and interest sensitive consumption is expected to hold real GDP growth to 0.7% in 2023, down from roughly 2% in 2022. That should see the unemployment rate climb from an average of 3.7% in 2022 to 4.2% by the end of 2023, allowing wage inflation to decelerate.
A softer pace for economic growth is likely to have broad implications across many of our strategic business units (SBUs). Rising unemployment and higher interest rates are likely to see a moderate decrease in business and household credit quality from very strong levels achieved in 2022. Deposit growth will be contained, as quantitative tightening will require bonds currently held by the central bank to be financed in the public markets, with higher rates resulting in greater growth in term deposits relative to short-term deposits. While the rising interest rate environment is starting to level off, we expect a modestly positive impact on the net interest margins for all our SBUs, but the high interest rates may have implications for credit quality in 2023 as economic growth slows in response to monetary tightening.
For Canadian Personal and Business Banking, mortgage growth is expected to further decelerate on softer home sales volumes and average house prices tied to the increase in interest rates. Although year-over-year non-mortgage consumer credit demand will be supported by additional volume gains in spending on services, lower inflation will feed into slower growth in dollar terms. Business lending is expected to register healthy growth, but is also likely to decelerate from the strong pace seen in 2022.
Volatility in asset markets has prompted investors to seek greater diversification in their portfolios, which could dampen the growth prospects of our Canadian and U.S. wealth management businesses in the near term.
Our Capital Markets business is expected to benefit from continued strength in merger and acquisition activity as corporate consolidations continue, while corporate bond issuance could pick up as longer term rates ease over the course of 2023. Loan demand growth in our Canadian and U.S. commercial banking businesses is expected to decelerate with softer economic growth and a slowing in multi-unit residential construction.
The economic outlook described above reflects numerous assumptions regarding the economic impact of recent and expected increases in interest rates, the easing of supply chain and inflationary pressures, the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the global economic risks emanating from the war in Ukraine. The measures taken by central banks to combat inflation could have a larger than expected impact on economic growth. Expectations for the pandemic reflect currently available information and are subject to change as new information on epidemiology and government health measures becomes available. The war in Ukraine could escalate into a broader conflict or result in a deeper cut in food and energy output that would add to pressures on inflation and global growth. As a result, actual experience may differ materially from expectations.
Our financial condition and our regulatory capital and liquidity positions continue to be strong, however, the downside risk to the economic outlook described above may result in us taking a more conservative approach to capital management. See the Capital management and Liquidity risk sections for further details. The impact of the increase in interest rates, the pandemic and the war in Ukraine on our risk environment are discussed in the Top and emerging risks section. Changes in the level of economic uncertainty continue to impact key accounting estimates and assumptions, particularly the estimation of ECLs. See Accounting and control matters and Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements for further details.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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5
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|
Managements discussion and analysis |
Acquisition of Canadian Costco credit card portfolio
On March 4, 2022, we completed the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, which had an outstanding balance of $2.9 billion, for cash consideration of $3.1 billion. We have also entered into a long-term agreement under which we have become the exclusive issuer of Costco-branded Mastercard credit cards in Canada. The combined transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition and included in our Canadian Personal and Business Banking SBU. For additional information, see Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.
Sale of certain banking assets in the Caribbean
On October 12, 2021, FirstCaribbean International Bank Limited (CIBC FirstCaribbean) announced that it had entered into agreements to sell its banking assets in St. Vincent, Grenada, Dominica, St. Kitts and Aruba. The sale of banking assets in Aruba was completed on February 25, 2022 upon the satisfaction of the closing conditions. The proposed sales of banking assets in St. Vincent and St. Kitts received regulatory approval in the third quarter of 2022 and are expected to close by the third quarter of 2023, subject to the satisfaction of closing conditions. The parties continue to pursue the regulatory approvals required to complete the transaction in Grenada, which may require amendments to the proposed transaction. The proposed transaction in Dominica will not be proceeding and operations in Dominica will cease on January 31, 2023. The impacts upon the closing of these transactions and closures are not expected to be material.
6 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
Financial performance overview
This section provides a review of our consolidated financial results for 2022. A review of our SBU results follows on pages 21 to 32. Refer to page 12 for a review of our financial performance for 2021.
Reported net income for the year was $6,243 million, compared with $6,446 million in 2021.
Adjusted net income(1) for the year was $6,578 million, compared with $6,687 million in 2021.
Reported diluted EPS(2) for the year was $6.68, compared with $6.96 in 2021.
Adjusted diluted EPS(1)(2) for the year was $7.05, compared with $7.23 in 2021.
2022
Net income was affected by the following items of note:
| $181 million ($133 million after-tax) in acquisition and integration-related costs as well as purchase accounting adjustments and provision for credit losses for performing loans(3) associated with the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio (Canadian Personal and Business Banking); |
| $136 million ($100 million after-tax) increase in legal provisions (Corporate and Other); |
| $98 million ($75 million after-tax) amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets ($14 million after-tax in Canadian Personal and Business Banking, $50 million after-tax in U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management and $11 million after-tax in Corporate and Other); and |
| $37 million ($27 million after-tax) charge related to the consolidation of our real estate portfolio (Corporate and Other). |
The above items of note increased revenue by $16 million, increased provision for credit losses by $94 million, increased non-interest expenses by $374 million and decreased income taxes by $117 million. In aggregate, these items of note decreased net income by $335 million.
2021
Net income was affected by the following items of note:
| $125 million ($92 million after-tax) increase in legal provisions (Corporate and Other); |
| $109 million ($80 million after-tax) charge related to the consolidation of our real estate portfolio (Corporate and Other); |
| $79 million ($60 million after-tax) amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets ($50 million after-tax in U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management and $10 million after-tax in Corporate and Other); and |
| $12 million ($9 million after-tax) in acquisition and integration-related costs(3) associated with the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio (Canadian Personal and Business Banking). |
The above items of note increased non-interest expenses by $325 million and decreased income taxes by $84 million. In aggregate, these items of note decreased net income by $241 million.
(1) | Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information, see the Non-GAAP measures section. |
(2) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(3) | Acquisition and integration costs are comprised of incremental costs incurred as part of planning for and executing the integration of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, including enabling franchising opportunities, the upgrade and conversion of systems and processes, project delivery, communication costs and client welcome bonuses. Purchase accounting adjustments include the accretion of the acquisition date fair value discount on the acquired Canadian Costco credit card receivables. Provision for credit losses for performing loans associated with the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, included the stage 1 ECL allowance established immediately after the acquisition date and the impact of the migration of stage 1 accounts to stage 2 during the second quarter of 2022. |
Net interest income and margin
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Average interest-earning assets |
$ | 799,224 | $ | 721,686 | ||||
Net interest income (1) |
12,641 | 11,459 | ||||||
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets |
1.58 | % | 1.59 | % |
(1) | Trading activities is based on the risk definition of trading for regulatory capital and trading market risk management purposes. Positions in a trading book are considered trading provided the book and positions continue to meet OSFI-defined trading book criteria set out in OSFIs CAR Guideline. Trading activities and related risk management strategies can periodically shift trading income between net interest income and non-interest income. Therefore, we view total trading income as the most appropriate measure of trading performance. |
Net interest income was up $1,182 million or 10% from 2021, primarily due to volume growth across our businesses, partially offset by lower trading income.
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets was comparable with 2021, primarily due to lower asset margins offset by higher deposit margins.
Additional information on net interest income and margin is provided in the Supplementary annual financial information section and in the Strategic business units overview section.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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7
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Managements discussion and analysis |
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Underwriting and advisory fees |
$ | 557 | $ | 713 | ||||
Deposit and payment fees |
880 | 797 | ||||||
Credit fees |
1,286 | 1,152 | ||||||
Card fees |
437 | 460 | ||||||
Investment management and custodial fees (2)(3) |
1,760 | 1,621 | ||||||
Mutual fund fees (3) |
1,776 | 1,772 | ||||||
Insurance fees, net of claims |
351 | 358 | ||||||
Commissions on securities transactions |
378 | 426 | ||||||
Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), net (4) |
1,172 | 607 | ||||||
Gains (losses) from debt securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) and amortized cost, net |
35 | 90 | ||||||
Foreign exchange other than trading |
242 | 276 | ||||||
Income from equity-accounted associates and joint ventures (2) |
47 | 55 | ||||||
Other |
271 | 229 | ||||||
$ | 9,192 | $ | 8,556 |
(1) | Trading activities is based on the risk definition of trading for regulatory capital and trading market risk management purposes. Positions in a trading book are considered trading provided the book and positions continue to meet OSFI-defined trading book criteria set out in OSFIs CAR Guideline. Trading activities and related risk management strategies can periodically shift trading income between net interest income and non-interest income. Therefore, we view total trading income as the most appropriate measure of trading performance. |
(2) | Custodial fees directly recognized by CIBC are included in Investment management and custodial fees. Our proportionate share of the custodial fees from the joint ventures which CIBC has with The Bank of New York Mellon are included within Income from equity-accounted associates and joint ventures. |
(3) | Investment management fees and mutual fund fees are driven by various factors, including the amount of AUM. Investment management fees in our asset management and private wealth management businesses are generally driven by the amount of AUM, while investment management fees in our retail brokerage business are driven by a combination of the amount of AUA and, to a lesser extent, other factors not directly related to the amount of AUA (e.g., flat fees on a per account basis). |
(4) | Includes $44 million of gains (2021: $87 million of losses) relating to non-trading financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL. |
Non-interest income was up $636 million or 7% from 2021.
Underwriting and advisory fees were down $156 million or 22%, primarily due to lower equity and debt issuance revenue.
Deposit and payment fees were up $83 million or 10%, primarily due to higher fees in Canadian Personal and Business Banking.
Credit fees were up $134 million or 12%, primarily due to growth in commercial borrowing.
Investment management and custodial fees were up $139 million or 9%, primarily due to higher average AUA and AUM in our wealth management businesses.
Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL, net were up $565 million or 93%, primarily due to higher trading revenue.
Gains (losses) from debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost, net were down $55 million or 61%, primarily due to lower net realized gains from dispositions of FVOCI debt securities.
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Trading revenue consists of: |
||||||||
Net interest income (1) |
$ | 875 | $ | 1,020 | ||||
Non-interest income (3) |
1,128 | 694 | ||||||
$ | 2,003 | $ | 1,714 | |||||
Trading revenue by product line: |
||||||||
Interest rates |
$ | 335 | $ | 328 | ||||
Foreign exchange |
899 | 651 | ||||||
Equities (1) |
611 | 548 | ||||||
Commodities |
144 | 158 | ||||||
Other |
14 | 29 | ||||||
$ | 2,003 | $ | 1,714 |
(1) | Includes a TEB adjustment of $211 million (2021: $204 million) reported within Capital Markets. See Strategic business units overview section and Note 30 to our consolidated financial statements for further details. |
(2) | Trading activities is based on the risk definition of trading for regulatory capital and trading market risk management purposes. Positions in a trading book are considered trading provided the book and positions continue to meet OSFI-defined trading book criteria set out in OSFIs CAR Guideline. |
(3) | Reported as part of the Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL in the consolidated statement of income, which consist of a gain of $1,128 million (2021: $694 million) related to trading financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL and a gain of $44 million (2021: loss of $87 million) relating to non-trading financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL. |
Trading revenue was up $289 million or 17% from 2021, primarily due to higher foreign exchange and equity trading revenue.
Trading revenue comprises net interest income and non-interest income. Net interest income arises from interest and dividends relating to financial assets and liabilities associated with trading activities, other than derivatives, net of interest expense and interest income associated with funding these assets and liabilities. Non-interest income includes realized and unrealized gains and losses on securities mandatorily measured at FVTPL and income relating to changes in fair value of derivative financial instruments. Trading revenue excludes underwriting fees and commissions on securities transactions, which are shown separately in the consolidated statement of income. Trading activities and related risk management strategies can periodically shift income between net interest income and non-interest income. Therefore, we view total trading revenue as the most appropriate measure of trading performance.
8 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses impaired |
||||||||
Canadian Personal and Business Banking |
$ | 534 | $ | 484 | ||||
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
22 | 6 | ||||||
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
113 | 104 | ||||||
Capital Markets |
(31 | ) | 32 | |||||
Corporate and Other |
59 | 76 | ||||||
697 | 702 | |||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses performing |
||||||||
Canadian Personal and Business Banking |
342 | (134 | ) | |||||
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
1 | (45 | ) | |||||
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
105 | (179 | ) | |||||
Capital Markets |
(31 | ) | (132 | ) | ||||
Corporate and Other |
(57 | ) | (54 | ) | ||||
360 | (544 | ) | ||||||
$ | 1,057 | $ | 158 |
Provision for credit losses was up $899 million or 569% from 2021, as provisions for performing loans in the current year reflected an unfavourable change in our economic outlook, while the prior year benefitted from a favourable change in our economic outlook driven by the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.
For further details regarding provision for credit losses in our SBUs, refer to the Strategic business units overview section.
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Employee compensation and benefits |
||||||||
Salaries (1) |
$ | 3,770 | $ | 3,213 | ||||
Performance-based compensation |
2,460 | 2,329 | ||||||
Benefits |
927 | 908 | ||||||
7,157 | 6,450 | |||||||
Occupancy costs (2) |
853 | 916 | ||||||
Computer, software and office equipment |
2,297 | 2,030 | ||||||
Communications |
352 | 318 | ||||||
Advertising and business development |
334 | 237 | ||||||
Professional fees |
313 | 277 | ||||||
Business and capital taxes |
123 | 111 | ||||||
Other |
1,374 | 1,196 | ||||||
$ | 12,803 | $ | 11,535 |
(1) | Includes termination benefits. |
(2) | Includes charges of $37 million (2021: $109 million), related to the consolidation of our real estate portfolio, shown as items of note. |
Non-interest expenses were up $1,268 million or 11% from 2021.
Employee compensation and benefits were up $707 million or 11%, primarily due to higher employee-related and performance-based compensation.
Computer, software and office equipment were up $267 million or 13%, primarily due to higher spending on strategic initiatives.
Advertising and business development were up $97 million or 41%, primarily due to higher spending on strategic initiatives and higher travel and business development spending driven by the easing of COVID-19 travel restrictions.
Other expenses were up $178 million or 15%, as the current year included costs associated with the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio and an increase in legal provisions, both shown as items of note.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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Managements discussion and analysis |
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Income taxes |
$ | 1,730 | $ | 1,876 | ||||
Indirect taxes (1) |
||||||||
Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) and sales taxes |
471 | 403 | ||||||
Payroll taxes |
368 | 306 | ||||||
Capital taxes |
84 | 77 | ||||||
Property and business taxes |
73 | 70 | ||||||
Total indirect taxes |
996 | 856 | ||||||
Total taxes |
$ | 2,726 | $ | 2,732 | ||||
Reported effective tax rate |
21.7 | % | 22.5 | % | ||||
Total taxes as a percentage of net income before deduction of total taxes |
30.4 | % | 29.8 | % |
(1) | Certain amounts are based on a paid or payable basis and do not factor in capitalization and subsequent amortization. |
Total income and indirect taxes were down $6 million from 2021.
Income tax expense was $1,730 million, down $146 million from 2021. This was due to both lower income and also an increase in the relative proportion of income subject to lower rates of income tax.
Indirect taxes were up $140 million from 2021, due to increases in both sales taxes and payroll taxes. Sales taxes increased by $68 million from 2021, primarily due to increased non-employee related non-interest expenses. Payroll taxes increased by $62 million from 2021 primarily due to increases in statutory pension, health care and unemployment insurance contributions driven by higher employee-related compensation. Indirect taxes are included in non-interest expenses.
In prior years, the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) issued reassessments disallowing the deduction of Enron settlement payments and related legal expenses (the Enron expenses). In January 2019, CIBC entered into a settlement agreement with the CRA with respect to the portion of the Enron expenses deductible in Canada. The portion of the Enron expenses deductible in the U.S. has not yet been agreed to by the Internal Revenue Service. It is possible that adjustments may be required to the amount of tax benefits recognized in the U.S.
The CRA has reassessed CIBC approximately $1,602 million of additional income tax related to the denial of the tax deductibility of certain 2011 to 2017 Canadian corporate dividends, on the basis that certain dividends received were part of a dividend rental arrangement, and similar matters. This includes approximately $182 million of additional income tax for the 2017 taxation year that was reassessed by the CRA in May 2022. The dividends that were subject to the reassessments are similar to those prospectively addressed by the rules in the 2015 and 2018 Canadian federal budgets. It is possible that subsequent years may be reassessed for similar matters. In August 2021, CIBC filed a Notice of Appeal with the Tax Court of Canada and the matter is now in litigation. CIBC is confident that its tax filing positions were appropriate and intends to defend itself vigorously. Accordingly, no amounts have been accrued in the consolidated financial statements.
In November 2021, the Tax Court of Canada ruled against CIBC on its 2007 foreign exchange capital loss reassessment (Decision). CIBC disagrees with the Decision and filed its Appeal in November 2021. The Appeal is scheduled to be heard in December 2022. CIBC remains confident that its tax filing position was appropriate. Accordingly, no amounts have been accrued in the consolidated financial statements. The exposure of additional tax and interest related to this and similar matters is approximately $300 million in addition to the potential inability to utilize approximately $600 million in unrecognized capital tax loss carryforwards.
Following the announcement of budget proposals in April 2022, the Canadian Federal government released draft legislation in August 2022, and subsequently introduced other draft legislation which went through first and second readings in Parliament in November 2022. These proposals included the introduction of a one-time 15% Canada Recovery Dividend tax (CRD) on banks and life insurer groups, based on the average of 2020 and 2021 taxable income in excess of $1.0 billion. Once substantively enacted, the CRD would become payable over a five-year period in equal increments. The draft legislation also includes a prospective 1.5% increase in the tax rate applied to taxable income in excess of $100 million earned by banks and life insurers. We will account for these measures in future periods once they become substantively enacted, which is generally interpreted to occur at the point of a third reading in a Canadian Parliament held by a minority government. Based on the draft legislation, a charge to income tax expense of approximately $550 million would be recognized for the full amount of the CRD obligation upon its substantive enactment.
The estimated impact of U.S. dollar translation on key lines of our consolidated statement of income, as a result of changes in average exchange rates, is as follows:
2022 | 2021 | |||||||
vs. | vs. | |||||||
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||
Estimated increase (decrease) in: |
||||||||
Total revenue |
$ | 143 | $ | (307 | ) | |||
Provision for credit losses |
6 | 13 | ||||||
Non-interest expenses |
65 | (141 | ) | |||||
Income taxes |
10 | (26 | ) | |||||
Net income |
62 | (153 | ) | |||||
Impact on EPS (1): |
||||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.07 | $ | (0.17 | ) | |||
Diluted |
0.07 | (0.17 | ) | |||||
Average USD appreciation (depreciation) relative to CAD |
2.9 % | (6.6 | )% |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
10 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
$ millions, except per share amounts, for the three months ended | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oct. 31 | Jul. 31 | Apr. 30 | Jan. 31 | Oct. 31 | Jul. 31 | Apr. 30 | Jan. 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canadian Personal and Business Banking |
$ | 2,262 | $ | 2,321 | $ | 2,143 | $ | 2,183 | $ | 2,128 | $ | 2,056 | $ | 1,941 | $ | 2,025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
1,316 | 1,338 | 1,303 | 1,297 | 1,240 | 1,207 | 1,135 | 1,088 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
653 | 604 | 591 | 609 | 562 | 539 | 532 | 561 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital Markets (1) |
1,182 | 1,199 | 1,316 | 1,304 | 1,012 | 1,140 | 1,194 | 1,174 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate and Other (1) |
(25 | ) | 109 | 23 | 105 | 122 | 114 | 130 | 115 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
$ | 5,388 | $ | 5,571 | $ | 5,376 | $ | 5,498 | $ | 5,064 | $ | 5,056 | $ | 4,932 | $ | 4,963 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income |
$ | 3,185 | $ | 3,236 | $ | 3,088 | $ | 3,132 | $ | 2,980 | $ | 2,893 | $ | 2,747 | $ | 2,839 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest income |
2,203 | 2,335 | 2,288 | 2,366 | 2,084 | 2,163 | 2,185 | 2,124 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
5,388 | 5,571 | 5,376 | 5,498 | 5,064 | 5,056 | 4,932 | 4,963 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
436 | 243 | 303 | 75 | 78 | (99 | ) | 32 | 147 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
3,483 | 3,183 | 3,114 | 3,023 | 3,135 | 2,918 | 2,756 | 2,726 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
1,469 | 2,145 | 1,959 | 2,400 | 1,851 | 2,237 | 2,144 | 2,090 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
284 | 479 | 436 | 531 | 411 | 507 | 493 | 465 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 1,185 | $ | 1,666 | $ | 1,523 | $ | 1,869 | $ | 1,440 | $ | 1,730 | $ | 1,651 | $ | 1,625 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests |
$ | 7 | $ | 6 | $ | 5 | $ | 5 | $ | 4 | $ | 5 | $ | 4 | $ | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity shareholders |
1,178 | 1,660 | 1,518 | 1,864 | 1,436 | 1,725 | 1,647 | 1,621 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EPS |
basic (2) |
$ | 1.26 | $ | 1.79 | $ | 1.63 | $ | 2.02 | $ | 1.54 | $ | 1.88 | $ | 1.78 | $ | 1.78 | |||||||||||||||||||||
diluted (2) |
1.26 | 1.78 | 1.62 | 2.01 | 1.54 | 1.88 | 1.78 | 1.78 |
(1) | Capital Markets revenue and income taxes are reported on a TEB with an equivalent offset in the revenue and income taxes of Corporate and Other. |
(2) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
Compared with Q4/21
Net income for the quarter was $1,185 million, down $255 million or 18% from the fourth quarter of 2021.
Net interest income was up $205 million, primarily due to volume growth across our businesses, partially offset by lower trading income.
Non-interest income was up $119 million or 6%, primarily due to higher trading income, partially offset by lower treasury and market-related fee revenue.
Provision for credit losses was up $358 million or 459% from the same quarter last year. The current quarter included a provision for credit losses on performing loans of $217 million, while the same quarter last year included a provision reversal of $34 million. Provision for credit losses on impaired loans was up $107 million, mainly attributable to Canadian Personal and Business Banking, and U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management.
Non-interest expenses were up $348 million or 11%, primarily due to higher employee-related compensation, higher spending on strategic initiatives, including the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, and an increase in legal provisions, shown as an item of note.
Income tax expense was down $127 million or 31%, primarily due to lower income.
Compared with Q3/22
Net income for the quarter was down $481 million or 29% from the prior quarter.
Net interest income was down $51 million or 2%, primarily due to lower product spreads and lower trading income, partially offset by volume growth across our businesses.
Non-interest income was down $132 million or 6%, primarily due to lower treasury and market-related fee revenue.
Provision for credit losses was up $193 million or 79% from the prior quarter. Provision for credit losses on performing loans was up $130 million, primarily due to an unfavourable change in our economic outlook. Provision for credit losses on impaired loans was up $63 million, as a result of increases across all of our SBUs.
Non-interest expenses were up $300 million or 9%, primarily due to employee-related and performance-based compensation, an increase in legal provisions and the charge related to the consolidation of our real estate portfolio, both shown as items of note.
Income tax expense was down $195 million or 41%, primarily due to lower income.
Our quarterly results are modestly affected by seasonal factors. The second quarter has fewer days as compared with the other quarters, generally leading to lower earnings. The summer months (July third quarter and August fourth quarter) typically experience lower levels of market activity, which affects our brokerage, investment management, and Capital Markets activities.
Revenue
Revenue in our lending and deposit-taking businesses is generally driven by volume growth, fees related to client transaction activity and the interest rate environment. Our wealth management businesses are driven by net sales activity impacting AUA and AUM, the level of client investment activity and market conditions. Capital Markets revenue is also influenced, to a large extent, by market conditions affecting client trading and underwriting activity.
Canadian Personal and Business Banking has benefitted from loan and deposit growth throughout the period, as well as increased client transaction activity as the economy recovered from the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Earlier periods were negatively impacted by the low interest rate environment, which has started to improve with interest rate increases in recent quarters.
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management revenue has benefitted from commercial banking volume growth as well as from strong markets. In Commercial Banking, loan and deposit revenue growth was driven by strong client demand and more recently from an increase in interest rates. In Wealth Management, AUA and AUM growth has been challenged over the past few quarters as a result of volatile markets caused by global concerns surrounding inflation, supply chain issues and geopolitical uncertainty.
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management has benefitted from organic client acquisitions that are driving increased loans, deposits, AUM and fee income. Loan growth has also accelerated due to the economic recovery in 2021 and into the first half of 2022, although recently
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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Managements discussion and analysis |
decelerated due to softer economic growth, rising interest rates and inflation. Wealth Management AUA and AUM growth has been hindered over the past few quarters by market depreciation, partially offset by strong sales momentum.
Capital Markets had increased revenue from underwriting and advisory activities in the second and third quarters of 2021, and lower trading revenue in the fourth quarter of 2021. The first and second quarters of 2022 had higher trading revenue.
Corporate and Other included the impact of an increase in funding costs in the first and second quarters of 2021 from the excess liquidity that built up during the early stages of the pandemic, as well as an increase in funding costs starting in the second quarter of 2022 from an increase in credit spreads. In 2021, the interest rate environment and narrower margins negatively impacted revenue, while the gradual increase in interest rates in 2022 have resulted in higher margins in International banking.
Provision for credit losses
Provision for credit losses is dependent upon the credit cycle in general, on the credit performance of the loan portfolios, and changes in our economic outlook. While the uncertainty relating to the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced significantly, we still operate in an uncertain macroeconomic environment due to concerns related to rising interest rates, high levels of inflation and supply chain disruptions related to geopolitical events, slower economic growth and the continued measures imposed in some countries to combat the spread of COVID-19. There is considerable judgment involved in the estimation of credit losses in the current environment.
All four quarters of 2021 and the first quarter of 2022 reflect a moderate improvement in economic conditions as well as our economic outlook. With a faster than expected pace of interest rate increases, along with rising inflation, continued supply chain disruption and the increase in global geopolitical concerns, our provision for credit losses on performing loans increased in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2022.
In Canadian Personal and Business Banking, lower insolvencies and write-offs in credit cards relative to pre-pandemic levels impacted the first, third and fourth quarters of 2021, and the first and second quarters of 2022. The decrease in insolvencies was in line with the national Canadian trend. The low level of write-offs in the first quarter of 2021 were a result of the assistance offered to clients from our payment deferral programs and government support, as well as lower client spending. In contrast, the second quarter of 2021 included higher write-offs in credit cards, mainly attributable to a relatively small segment of client balances that were previously in the payment deferral programs that continued to underperform and eventually were written off after exiting the programs. Lower write-offs in the third and fourth quarters of 2021 and the first and second quarters of 2022 benefitted from the household savings that built up during the pandemic. Commencing in the second quarter of 2022, our loan losses included write-offs from the seasoning of the acquired Canadian Costco credit card portfolio.
In Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, impaired loan losses continue to remain at a relatively low level.
In U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, the first quarter of 2021, and the first, second and fourth quarters of 2022 included higher provisions on impaired loans.
In Capital Markets, the first quarter of 2021 included higher provisions on impaired loans in the utilities sector.
In Corporate and Other, the third quarter of 2021 included higher provisions on impaired loans in CIBC FirstCaribbean.
Non-interest expenses
Non-interest expenses have fluctuated over the period largely due to changes in employee compensation expenses, investments in strategic initiatives and movement in foreign exchange rates. The third and fourth quarters of 2021, and the second and fourth quarters of 2022 included increases in legal provisions in Corporate and Other, all shown as items of note. The fourth quarter of 2021 and the fourth quarter of 2022 included charges related to the consolidation of our real estate portfolio as a result of our move to our new global headquarters.
Income taxes
Income taxes vary with changes in income subject to tax, and the jurisdictions in which the income is earned. Taxes can also be affected by the impact of significant items and the level of tax-exempt income.
Review of 2021 financial performance
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | Canadian Personal and Business Banking |
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
Capital Markets (1) |
Corporate and Other (1) |
CIBC Total |
||||||||||||||||||||
2021 |
Net interest income |
$ | 5,954 | $ | 1,291 | $ | 1,449 | $ | 2,701 | $ | 64 | $ | 11,459 | |||||||||||||
Non-interest income |
2,196 | 3,379 | 745 | 1,819 | 417 | 8,556 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
8,150 | 4,670 | 2,194 | 4,520 | 481 | 20,015 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
350 | (39 | ) | (75 | ) | (100 | ) | 22 | 158 | |||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
4,414 | 2,443 | 1,121 | 2,117 | 1,440 | 11,535 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
3,386 | 2,266 | 1,148 | 2,503 | (981 | ) | 8,322 | |||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
892 | 601 | 222 | 646 | (485 | ) | 1,876 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 2,494 | $ | 1,665 | $ | 926 | $ | 1,857 | $ | (496 | ) | $ | 6,446 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 17 | $ | 17 | ||||||||||||||
Equity shareholders |
2,494 | 1,665 | 926 | 1,857 | (513 | ) | 6,429 | |||||||||||||||||||
2020 |
Net interest income |
$ | 5,849 | $ | 1,248 | $ | 1,422 | $ | 2,354 | $ | 171 | $ | 11,044 | |||||||||||||
Non-interest income |
2,073 | 2,873 | 621 | 1,699 | 431 | 7,697 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
7,922 | 4,121 | 2,043 | 4,053 | 602 | 18,741 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for credit losses |
1,189 | 303 | 487 | 311 | 199 | 2,489 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
4,308 | 2,179 | 1,126 | 1,929 | 1,820 | 11,362 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
2,425 | 1,639 | 430 | 1,813 | (1,417 | ) | 4,890 | |||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
640 | 437 | 55 | 505 | (539 | ) | 1,098 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 1,785 | $ | 1,202 | $ | 375 | $ | 1,308 | $ | (878 | ) | $ | 3,792 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 2 | $ | 2 | ||||||||||||||
Equity shareholders |
1,785 | 1,202 | 375 | 1,308 | (880 | ) | 3,790 |
(1) | Capital Markets revenue and income taxes are reported on a TEB with an equivalent offset in the revenue and income taxes of Corporate and Other. |
12 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
The following discussion provides a comparison of our results of operations for the years ended October 31, 2021 and 2020.
Overview
Net income for 2021 was $6,446 million, compared with $3,792 million in 2020. The increase in net income of $2,654 million was due to lower provision for credit losses and higher revenue, partially offset by higher non-interest expenses.
Consolidated CIBC
Net interest income
Net interest income was up $415 million or 4% from 2020, primarily due to volume growth across our businesses and higher trading revenue, partially offset by lower product spreads as a result of changes in the interest rate environment and the impact of foreign exchange translation.
Non-interest income
Non-interest income was up $859 million or 11% from 2020, primarily due to higher equity and debt issuance revenue and advisory activity, higher fee-based revenue driven by higher average AUA and AUM reflecting market appreciation and net sales in our wealth management businesses, and growth in fees related to commercial borrowing.
Provision for credit losses
Provision for credit losses was down $2,331 million or 94% from 2020, as 2021 reflected an improvement in economic conditions as well as our economic outlook, while 2020 was adversely impacted by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Non-interest expenses
Non-interest expenses were up $173 million or 2% from 2020, primarily due to higher performance-based compensation.
Income taxes
Income tax expense was up $778 million or 71% from 2020, primarily due to higher income.
Revenue by segment
Canadian Personal and Business Banking
Revenue was up $228 million or 3% from 2020, primarily due to volume growth and higher fee income, partially offset by lower product spreads largely as a result of changes in the interest rate environment.
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
Revenue was up $549 million or 13% from 2020. Commercial banking revenue was up $164 million or 10%, primarily due to higher fees and volume growth, partially offset by lower product spreads. Wealth management revenue was up $385 million or 16%, primarily due to higher fee-based revenue driven by higher average AUA and AUM reflecting market appreciation and net sales, and higher commission revenue from increased client activity.
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
Revenue was up $151 million or 7% from 2020. Commercial banking revenue was up $23 million or 2%, primarily due to volume growth and higher fees, partially offset by lower product spreads. Wealth management revenue was up $128 million or 28%, primarily due to higher fee-based revenue driven by higher average AUA and AUM reflecting market appreciation and net sales, higher product spreads, partially driven by loans made under the U.S. Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), and volume growth.
Capital Markets
Revenue was up $467 million or 12% from 2020. Global markets revenue was up $77 million or 4%, primarily due to higher revenue from our equity derivatives trading business, partially offset by lower fixed income and foreign exchange trading revenue. Corporate and investment banking revenue was up $272 million or 20%, primarily due to higher equity and debt underwriting activity, higher advisory revenue and higher corporate banking revenue. Direct financial services revenue was up $118 million or 17%, primarily due to higher volumes and growth in our direct brokerage trading, and innovative foreign exchange and payments business.
Corporate and Other
Revenue was down $121 million or 20% from 2020. International banking revenue was down $47 million, primarily due to the impact of foreign exchange translation, and lower U.S. dollar revenue in CIBC FirstCaribbean driven by lower product spreads, partially offset by higher ECL charges on debt securities in 2020, volume growth and higher fees. Other revenue was down $74 million, primarily due to lower revenue from our strategic investments, interest income in 2020 related to the settlement of certain income tax matters, a higher TEB adjustment and lower treasury revenue.
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Managements discussion and analysis |
We use a number of financial measures to assess the performance of our business lines as described below. Some measures are calculated in accordance with GAAP (IFRS), while other measures do not have a standardized meaning under GAAP, and accordingly, these measures may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies. Investors may find these non-GAAP measures, which include non-GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP ratios as defined in National Instrument 52-112 Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures Disclosure, useful in understanding how management views underlying business performance.
Adjusted measures
Management assesses results on a reported and adjusted basis and considers both as useful measures of performance. Adjusted measures, which include adjusted total revenue, adjusted provision for credit losses, adjusted non-interest expenses, adjusted income before income taxes, adjusted income taxes and adjusted net income, in addition to the adjusted measures noted below, remove items of note from reported results to calculate our adjusted results. Items of note include the amortization of intangible assets, and certain items of significance that arise from time to time which management believes are not reflective of underlying business performance. We believe that adjusted measures provide the reader with a better understanding of how management assesses underlying business performance and facilitates a more informed analysis of trends. While we believe that adjusted measures may facilitate comparisons between our results and those of some of our Canadian peer banks, which make similar adjustments in their public disclosure, it should be noted that there is no standardized meaning for adjusted measures under GAAP.
We also adjust our results to gross up tax-exempt revenue on certain securities to a TEB, being the amount of fully taxable revenue, which, were it to have incurred tax at the statutory income tax rate, would yield the same after-tax revenue. See the Strategic business units overview section and Note 30 to our consolidated financial statements for further details.
Adjusted diluted EPS
We adjust our reported diluted EPS to remove the impact of items of note, net of income taxes, to calculate the adjusted EPS.
Adjusted efficiency ratio
We adjust our reported revenue and non-interest expenses to remove the impact of items of note and gross up tax-exempt revenue to bring it to a TEB, to calculate the adjusted efficiency ratio.
Adjusted operating leverage
We adjust our reported revenue and non-interest expenses to remove the impact of items of note and gross up tax-exempt revenue to bring it to a TEB, to calculate the adjusted operating leverage.
Adjusted dividend payout ratio
We adjust our reported net income attributable to common shareholders to remove the impact of items of note, net of income taxes, to calculate the adjusted dividend payout ratio.
Adjusted return on common shareholders equity
We adjust our reported net income attributable to common shareholders to remove the impact of items of note, net of income taxes, to calculate the adjusted return on common shareholders equity.
Adjusted effective tax rate
We adjust our reported income before income taxes and reported income taxes to remove the impact of items of note, to calculate the adjusted effective tax rate.
Pre-provision, pre-tax earnings
Pre-provision, pre-tax earnings is calculated as revenue net of non-interest expenses, and provides the reader with an assessment of our ability to generate earnings to cover credit losses through the credit cycle, as well as an additional basis for comparing underlying business performance between periods by excluding the impact of provision for credit losses, which involves the application of judgments and estimates related to matters that are uncertain and can vary significantly between periods. We adjust our pre-provision, pre-tax earnings to remove the impact of items of note to calculate the adjusted pre-provision, pre-tax earnings. As discussed above, we believe that adjusted measures provide the reader with a better understanding of how management assesses underlying business performance and facilitates a more informed analysis of trends.
Allocated common equity
Common equity is allocated to the SBUs based on the estimated amount of regulatory capital required to support their businesses (as determined for the consolidated bank pursuant to OSFIs regulatory capital requirements and internal targets). Unallocated common equity is reported in Corporate and Other. Allocating capital on this basis provides a consistent framework to evaluate the returns of each SBU commensurate with the risk assumed. In 2022, we increased the common equity allocated to our SBUs to 11% of CET1 capital requirements for each SBU, reflecting an increase from 10% in 2021. For additional information, see the Risks arising from business activities section.
Segmented return on equity
We use return on equity on a segmented basis as one of the measures for performance evaluation and resource allocation decisions. While return on equity for total CIBC provides a measure of return on common equity, return on equity on a segmented basis provides a similar metric based on allocated common equity to our SBUs. As a result, segmented return on equity is a non-GAAP ratio. Segmented return on equity is calculated as net income attributable to common shareholders for each SBU expressed as a percentage of average allocated common equity, which is the average of monthly allocated common equity during the period. In 2022, we increased the common equity allocated to our SBUs, as noted above.
14 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP (reported) results to non-GAAP (adjusted) results on a segmented basis.
$ millions, for the year ended October 31, 2022 | Canadian Personal and Business Banking |
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
Capital Markets |
Corporate and Other |
CIBC Total |
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management (US$ millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating results reported |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
$ | 8,909 | $ | 5,254 | $ | 2,457 | $ | 5,001 | $ | 212 | $ | 21,833 | $ | 1,902 | ||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
876 | 23 | 218 | (62 | ) | 2 | 1,057 | 169 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
4,975 | 2,656 | 1,328 | 2,437 | 1,407 | 12,803 | 1,028 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
3,058 | 2,575 | 911 | 2,626 | (1,197 | ) | 7,973 | 705 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
809 | 680 | 151 | 718 | (628 | ) | 1,730 | 117 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
2,249 | 1,895 | 760 | 1,908 | (569 | ) | 6,243 | 588 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests |
| | | | 23 | 23 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders |
2,249 | 1,895 | 760 | 1,908 | (592 | ) | 6,220 | 588 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted EPS ($) (1) |
$ | 6.68 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note (2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition and integration-related costs as well as |
$ | (16 | ) | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | (16 | ) | $ | | ||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on revenue |
(16 | ) | | | | | (16 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition and integration-related costs as well as |
(94 | ) | | | | | (94 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
(94 | ) | | | | | (94 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets |
(18 | ) | | (68 | ) | | (12 | ) | (98 | ) | (53 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition and integration-related costs as well as |
(103 | ) | | | | | (103 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Charge related to the consolidation of our real estate portfolio |
| | | | (37 | ) | (37 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase in legal provisions |
| | | | (136 | ) | (136 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on non-interest expenses |
(121 | ) | | (68 | ) | | (185 | ) | (374 | ) | (53 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total pre-tax impact of items of note on net income |
199 | | 68 | | 185 | 452 | 53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets |
4 | | 18 | | 1 | 23 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition and integration-related costs as well as |
48 | | | | | 48 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charge related to the consolidation of our real estate portfolio |
| | | | 10 | 10 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase in legal provisions |
| | | | 36 | 36 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on income taxes |
52 | | 18 | | 47 | 117 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total after-tax impact of items of note on net income |
$ | 147 | $ | | $ | 50 | $ | | $ | 138 | $ | 335 | $ | 39 | ||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on diluted EPS ($) (1) |
$ | 0.37 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating results adjusted (4) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue adjusted (5) |
$ | 8,893 | $ | 5,254 | $ | 2,457 | $ | 5,001 | $ | 212 | $ | 21,817 | $ | 1,902 | ||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses adjusted |
782 | 23 | 218 | (62 | ) | 2 | 963 | 169 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses adjusted |
4,854 | 2,656 | 1,260 | 2,437 | 1,222 | 12,429 | 975 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes adjusted |
3,257 | 2,575 | 979 | 2,626 | (1,012 | ) | 8,425 | 758 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes adjusted |
861 | 680 | 169 | 718 | (581 | ) | 1,847 | 131 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) adjusted |
2,396 | 1,895 | 810 | 1,908 | (431 | ) | 6,578 | 627 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests adjusted |
| | | | 23 | 23 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders adjusted |
2,396 | 1,895 | 810 | 1,908 | (454 | ) | 6,555 | 627 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted diluted EPS ($) (1) |
$ | 7.05 |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | Items of note are removed from reported results to calculate adjusted results. |
(3) | Acquisition and integration costs, shown as an item of note starting in the fourth quarter of 2021, are comprised of incremental costs incurred as part of planning for and executing the integration of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, including enabling franchising opportunities, the upgrade and conversion of systems and processes, project delivery, communication costs and client welcome bonuses. Purchase accounting adjustments shown as an item of note starting in the second quarter of 2022, include the accretion of the acquisition date fair value discount on the acquired Canadian Costco credit card receivables. Provision for credit losses for performing loans associated with the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, included the stage 1 ECL allowance established immediately after the acquisition date and the impact of the migration of stage 1 accounts to stage 2 during the second quarter of 2022. Integration costs, shown as an item of note from the second quarter of 2017 to the fourth quarter of 2019, are comprised of direct and incremental costs incurred as part of planning for and executing the integration of the businesses of The PrivateBank (subsequently rebranded as CIBC Bank USA) and Geneva Advisors with CIBC, including enabling cross-sell opportunities and expansion of services in the U.S. market, the upgrade and conversion of systems and processes, project management, integration-related travel, severance, consulting fees and marketing costs related to rebranding activities. Transaction costs, shown as an item of note from the second quarter of 2017 to the fourth quarter of 2019, included legal and other advisory fees, as well as interest adjustments relating to the obligation payable to dissenting shareholders. Purchase accounting adjustments, shown as an item of note from the fourth quarter of 2017 to the fourth quarter of 2019, include the accretion of the acquisition date fair value discount on the acquired loans of The PrivateBank, and changes in the fair value of contingent consideration relating to the Geneva Advisors and Wellington Financial acquisitions. |
(4) | Adjusted to exclude the impact of items of note. Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. |
(5) | CIBC total results excludes a taxable equivalent basis (TEB) adjustment of $211 million (2021: $204 million). Our adjusted efficiency ratio and adjusted operating leverage are calculated on a TEB. |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
|
|
15
|
|
Managements discussion and analysis |
The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP (reported) results to non-GAAP (adjusted) results on a segmented basis.
$ millions, for the year ended October 31, 2021 | Canadian Personal and Business Banking |
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
Capital Markets |
Corporate and Other |
CIBC Total |
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management (US$ millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating results reported |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
$ | 8,150 | $ | 4,670 | $ | 2,194 | $ | 4,520 | $ | 481 | $ | 20,015 | $ | 1,748 | ||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
350 | (39 | ) | (75 | ) | (100 | ) | 22 | 158 | (61 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
4,414 | 2,443 | 1,121 | 2,117 | 1,440 | 11,535 | 893 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
3,386 | 2,266 | 1,148 | 2,503 | (981 | ) | 8,322 | 916 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
892 | 601 | 222 | 646 | (485 | ) | 1,876 | 177 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
2,494 | 1,665 | 926 | 1,857 | (496 | ) | 6,446 | 739 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests |
| | | | 17 | 17 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders |
2,494 | 1,665 | 926 | 1,857 | (513 | ) | 6,429 | 739 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted EPS ($) (1) |
$ | 6.96 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note (2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets |
$ | | $ | | $ | (68 | ) | $ | | $ | (11 | ) | $ | (79 | ) | $ | (54 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Acquisition and integration-related costs (3) |
(12 | ) | | | | | (12 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Charge related to the consolidation of our real estate portfolio |
| | | | (109 | ) | (109 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase in legal provisions |
| | | | (125 | ) | (125 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on non-interest expenses |
(12 | ) | | (68 | ) | | (245 | ) | (325 | ) | (54 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total pre-tax impact of items of note on net income |
12 | | 68 | | 245 | 325 | 54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets |
| | 18 | | 1 | 19 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition and integration-related costs (3) |
3 | | | | | 3 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charge related to the consolidation of our real estate portfolio |
| | | | 29 | 29 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase in legal provisions |
| | | | 33 | 33 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on income taxes |
3 | | 18 | | 63 | 84 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total after-tax impact of items of note on net income |
$ | 9 | $ | | $ | 50 | $ | | $ | 182 | $ | 241 | $ | 40 | ||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on diluted EPS ($) (1) |
$ | 0.27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating results adjusted (4) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue adjusted (5) |
$ | 8,150 | $ | 4,670 | $ | 2,194 | $ | 4,520 | $ | 481 | $ | 20,015 | $ | 1,748 | ||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses adjusted |
350 | (39 | ) | (75 | ) | (100 | ) | 22 | 158 | (61 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses adjusted |
4,402 | 2,443 | 1,053 | 2,117 | 1,195 | 11,210 | 839 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes adjusted |
3,398 | 2,266 | 1,216 | 2,503 | (736 | ) | 8,647 | 970 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes adjusted |
895 | 601 | 240 | 646 | (422 | ) | 1,960 | 191 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) adjusted |
2,503 | 1,665 | 976 | 1,857 | (314 | ) | 6,687 | 779 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests adjusted |
| | | | 17 | 17 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders adjusted |
2,503 | 1,665 | 976 | 1,857 | (331 | ) | 6,670 | 779 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted diluted EPS ($) (1) |
$ | 7.23 |
See previous page for footnote references.
16 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP (reported) results to non-GAAP (adjusted) results on a segmented basis.
$ millions, for the year ended October 31, 2020 | Canadian Personal and Business Banking |
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
Capital Markets |
Corporate and Other |
CIBC Total |
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management (US$ millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating results reported |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
$ | 7,922 | $ | 4,121 | $ | 2,043 | $ | 4,053 | $ | 602 | $ | 18,741 | $ | 1,520 | ||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
1,189 | 303 | 487 | 311 | 199 | 2,489 | 358 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
4,308 | 2,179 | 1,126 | 1,929 | 1,820 | 11,362 | 838 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
2,425 | 1,639 | 430 | 1,813 | (1,417 | ) | 4,890 | 324 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
640 | 437 | 55 | 505 | (539 | ) | 1,098 | 42 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
1,785 | 1,202 | 375 | 1,308 | (878 | ) | 3,792 | 282 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests |
| | | | 2 | 2 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders |
1,785 | 1,202 | 375 | 1,308 | (880 | ) | 3,790 | 282 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted EPS ($) (1) |
$ | 4.11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note (2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets |
$ | (8 | ) | $ | (1 | ) | $ | (83 | ) | $ | | $ | (13 | ) | $ | (105 | ) | $ | (62 | ) | ||||||||||||
Charge related to the consolidation of our real estate portfolio |
| | | | (114 | ) | (114 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase in legal provisions |
| | | | (70 | ) | (70 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Gain as a result of plan amendments related to pension and other post-employment plans |
| | | | 79 | 79 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges, primarily relating to employee severance and related costs |
| | | | (339 | ) | (339 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill impairment charge related to our controlling interest in CIBC FirstCaribbean |
| | | | (248 | ) | (248 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on non-interest expenses |
(8 | ) | (1 | ) | (83 | ) | | (705 | ) | (797 | ) | (62 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Total pre-tax impact of items of note on net income |
8 | 1 | 83 | | 705 | 797 | 62 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets |
2 | | 22 | | 1 | 25 | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charge related to the consolidation of our real estate portfolio |
| | | | 30 | 30 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase in legal provisions |
| | | | 19 | 19 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gain as a result of plan amendments related to pension and other post-employment plans |
| | | | (21 | ) | (21 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges, primarily relating to employee severance and related costs |
| | | | 89 | 89 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on income taxes |
2 | | 22 | | 118 | 142 | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total after-tax impact of items of note on net income |
$ | 6 | $ | 1 | $ | 61 | $ | | $ | 587 | $ | 655 | $ | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on diluted EPS ($) (1) |
$ | 0.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating results adjusted (4) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue adjusted (5) |
$ | 7,922 | $ | 4,121 | $ | 2,043 | $ | 4,053 | $ | 602 | $ | 18,741 | $ | 1,520 | ||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses adjusted |
1,189 | 303 | 487 | 311 | 199 | 2,489 | 358 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses adjusted |
4,300 | 2,178 | 1,043 | 1,929 | 1,115 | 10,565 | 776 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes adjusted |
2,433 | 1,640 | 513 | 1,813 | (712 | ) | 5,687 | 386 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes adjusted |
642 | 437 | 77 | 505 | (421 | ) | 1,240 | 59 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) adjusted |
1,791 | 1,203 | 436 | 1,308 | (291 | ) | 4,447 | 327 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests adjusted |
| | | | 2 | 2 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders adjusted |
1,791 | 1,203 | 436 | 1,308 | (293 | ) | 4,445 | 327 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted diluted EPS ($) (1) |
$ | 4.85 |
See previous pages for footnote references.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
|
|
17
|
|
Managements discussion and analysis |
The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP (reported) results to non-GAAP (adjusted) results on a segmented basis.
$ millions, for the year ended October 31, 2019 | Canadian Personal and Business Banking |
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
Capital Markets |
Corporate and Other |
CIBC Total |
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management (US$ millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating results reported |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
$ | 8,240 | $ | 4,027 | $ | 1,911 | $ | 3,475 | $ | 958 | $ | 18,611 | $ | 1,438 | ||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
889 | 163 | 73 | 160 | 1 | 1,286 | 55 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
4,459 | 2,106 | 1,114 | 1,802 | 1,375 | 10,856 | 838 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
2,892 | 1,758 | 724 | 1,513 | (418 | ) | 6,469 | 545 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
766 | 471 | 76 | 396 | (361 | ) | 1,348 | 58 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
2,126 | 1,287 | 648 | 1,117 | (57 | ) | 5,121 | 487 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests |
| | | | 25 | 25 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders |
2,126 | 1,287 | 648 | 1,117 | (82 | ) | 5,096 | 487 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted EPS ($) (1) |
$ | 5.60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note (2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Settlement of certain income tax matters |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | (67 | ) | $ | (67 | ) | $ | | ||||||||||||||||
Purchase accounting adjustments (3) |
| | (34 | ) | | | (34 | ) | (26 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on revenue |
| | (34 | ) | | (67 | ) | (101 | ) | (26 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets |
(9 | ) | (1 | ) | (88 | ) | | (11 | ) | (109 | ) | (66 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Transaction and integration-related costs as well as purchase accounting adjustments (3) |
| | | | 11 | 11 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase in legal provisions |
| | | | (28 | ) | (28 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill impairment charge related to our controlling interest in CIBC FirstCaribbean |
| | | | (135 | ) | (135 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Charge for payment made to Air Canada, including related sales tax and transaction costs |
(227 | ) | | | | | (227 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on non-interest expenses |
(236 | ) | (1 | ) | (88 | ) | | (163 | ) | (488 | ) | (66 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Total pre-tax impact of items of note on net income |
236 | 1 | 54 | | 96 | 387 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets |
2 | | 23 | | 2 | 27 | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction and integration-related costs as well as purchase accounting adjustments (3) |
| | (9 | ) | | (3 | ) | (12 | ) | (7 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Increase in legal provisions |
| | | | 7 | 7 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Settlement of certain income tax matters |
| | | | (18 | ) | (18 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Charge for payment made to Air Canada, including related sales tax and transaction costs |
60 | | | | | 60 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on income taxes |
62 | | 14 | | (12 | ) | 64 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total after-tax impact of items of note on net income |
$ | 174 | $ | 1 | $ | 40 | $ | | $ | 108 | $ | 323 | $ | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on diluted EPS ($) (1) |
$ | 0.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating results adjusted (4) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue adjusted (5) |
$ | 8,240 | $ | 4,027 | $ | 1,877 | $ | 3,475 | $ | 891 | $ | 18,510 | $ | 1,412 | ||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses adjusted |
889 | 163 | 73 | 160 | 1 | 1,286 | 55 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses adjusted |
4,223 | 2,105 | 1,026 | 1,802 | 1,212 | 10,368 | 772 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes adjusted |
3,128 | 1,759 | 778 | 1,513 | (322 | ) | 6,856 | 585 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes adjusted |
828 | 471 | 90 | 396 | (373 | ) | 1,412 | 68 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income adjusted |
2,300 | 1,288 | 688 | 1,117 | 51 | 5,444 | 517 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests adjusted |
| | | | 25 | 25 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to equity shareholders adjusted |
2,300 | 1,288 | 688 | 1,117 | 26 | 5,419 | 517 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted diluted EPS ($) (1) |
$ | 5.96 |
See previous pages for footnote references.
18 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP (reported) results to non-GAAP (adjusted) results on a segmented basis.
$ millions, for the year ended October 31, 2018 | Canadian Personal and Business Banking |
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
Capital Markets |
Corporate and Other |
CIBC Total |
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management (US$ millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating results reported |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
$ | 8,595 | $ | 3,836 | $ | 1,760 | $ | 2,935 | $ | 708 | $ | 17,834 | $ | 1,366 | ||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
741 | 5 | 79 | (30 | ) | 75 | 870 | 61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
4,395 | 2,067 | 1,023 | 1,492 | 1,281 | 10,258 | 794 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
3,459 | 1,764 | 658 | 1,473 | (648 | ) | 6,706 | 511 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
919 | 478 | 97 | 387 | (459 | ) | 1,422 | 75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
2,540 | 1,286 | 561 | 1,086 | (189 | ) | 5,284 | 436 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests |
| | | | 17 | 17 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders |
2,540 | 1,286 | 561 | 1,086 | (206 | ) | 5,267 | 436 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted EPS ($) (1) |
$ | 5.82 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note (2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase accounting adjustments (3) |
$ | | $ | | $ | (55 | ) | $ | | $ | (8 | ) | $ | (63 | ) | $ | (43 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Incremental losses on debt securities and loans in |
| | | | 61 | 61 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on revenue |
| | (55 | ) | | 53 | (2 | ) | (43 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Incremental losses on debt securities and loans in |
| | | | (28 | ) | (28 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
| | | | (28 | ) | (28 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets |
(12 | ) | (1 | ) | (91 | ) | | (11 | ) | (115 | ) | (71 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Transaction and integration-related costs as well as purchase accounting adjustments (3) |
| | | | (79 | ) | (79 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on non-interest expenses |
(12 | ) | (1 | ) | (91 | ) | | (90 | ) | (194 | ) | (71 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Total pre-tax impact of items of note on net income |
12 | 1 | 36 | | 171 | 220 | 28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets |
3 | | 26 | | 1 | 30 | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction and integration-related costs as well as purchase accounting adjustments (3) |
| | (17 | ) | | 2 | (15 | ) | (13 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase in legal provisions |
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Incremental losses on debt securities and loans in |
| | | | 19 | 19 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charge from net tax adjustments resulting from U.S. tax reforms |
| | | | (88 | ) | (88 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on income taxes |
3 | | 9 | | (66 | ) | (54 | ) | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total after-tax impact of items of note on net income |
9 | 1 | 27 | | 237 | 274 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
After-tax impact of items of note on non-controlling interests |
| | | | 5 | 5 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
After-tax impact of items of note on net income attributable to equity shareholders |
$ | 9 | $ | 1 | $ | 27 | $ | | $ | 232 | $ | 269 | $ | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||
Impact of items of note on diluted EPS ($) (1) |
$ | 0.29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating results adjusted (4) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue adjusted (5) |
$ | 8,595 | $ | 3,836 | $ | 1,705 | $ | 2,935 | $ | 761 | $ | 17,832 | $ | 1,323 | ||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses adjusted |
741 | 5 | 79 | (30 | ) | 47 | 842 | 61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses adjusted |
4,383 | 2,066 | 932 | 1,492 | 1,191 | 10,064 | 723 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes adjusted |
3,471 | 1,765 | 694 | 1,473 | (477 | ) | 6,926 | 539 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes adjusted |
922 | 478 | 106 | 387 | (525 | ) | 1,368 | 83 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income adjusted |
2,549 | 1,287 | 588 | 1,086 | 48 | 5,558 | 456 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests adjusted |
| | | | 22 | 22 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to equity shareholders adjusted |
2,549 | 1,287 | 588 | 1,086 | 26 | 5,536 | 456 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted diluted EPS ($) (1) |
$ | 6.11 |
See previous pages for footnote references.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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19
|
|
Managements discussion and analysis |
The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP (reported) net income to non-GAAP (adjusted) pre-provision, pre-tax earnings on a segmented basis.
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | Canadian Personal and Business Banking |
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
U.S. and Wealth |
Capital Markets |
Corporate and Other |
CIBC Total |
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management (US$ millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 2,249 | $ | 1,895 | $ | 760 | $ | 1,908 | $ | (569 | ) | $ | 6,243 | $ | 588 | ||||||||||||||||||
Add: provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
876 | 23 | 218 | (62 | ) | 2 | 1,057 | 169 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Add: income taxes |
809 | 680 | 151 | 718 | (628 | ) | 1,730 | 117 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax earnings (losses) (1) |
3,934 | 2,598 | 1,129 | 2,564 | (1,195 | ) | 9,030 | 874 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-tax impact of items of note (2)(3) |
105 | | 68 | | 185 | 358 | 53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax earnings (losses) (4) |
$ | 4,039 | $ | 2,598 | $ | 1,197 | $ | 2,564 | $ | (1,010 | ) | $ | 9,388 | $ | 927 | |||||||||||||||||||
2021 |
Net income (loss) |
$ | 2,494 | $ | 1,665 | $ | 926 | $ | 1,857 | $ | (496 | ) | $ | 6,446 | $ | 739 | ||||||||||||||||||
Add: provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
350 | (39 | ) | (75 | ) | (100 | ) | 22 | 158 | (61 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Add: income taxes |
892 | 601 | 222 | 646 | (485 | ) | 1,876 | 177 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax earnings (losses) (1) |
3,736 | 2,227 | 1,073 | 2,403 | (959 | ) | 8,480 | 855 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-tax impact of items of note (2) |
12 | | 68 | | 245 | 325 | 54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax earnings (losses) (4) |
$ | 3,748 | $ | 2,227 | $ | 1,141 | $ | 2,403 | $ | (714 | ) | $ | 8,805 | $ | 909 | |||||||||||||||||||
2020 |
Net income (loss) |
$ | 1,785 | $ | 1,202 | $ | 375 | $ | 1,308 | $ | (878 | ) | $ | 3,792 | $ | 282 | ||||||||||||||||||
Add: provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
1,189 | 303 | 487 | 311 | 199 | 2,489 | 358 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Add: income taxes |
640 | 437 | 55 | 505 | (539 | ) | 1,098 | 42 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax earnings (losses) (1) |
3,614 | 1,942 | 917 | 2,124 | (1,218 | ) | 7,379 | 682 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-tax impact of items of note (2) |
8 | 1 | 83 | | 705 | 797 | 62 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax earnings (losses) (4) |
$ | 3,622 | $ | 1,943 | $ | 1,000 | $ | 2,124 | $ | (513 | ) | $ | 8,176 | $ | 744 | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 |
Net income (loss) |
$ | 2,126 | $ | 1,287 | $ | 648 | $ | 1,117 | $ | (57 | ) | $ | 5,121 | $ | 487 | ||||||||||||||||||
Add: provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
889 | 163 | 73 | 160 | 1 | 1,286 | 55 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Add: income taxes |
766 | 471 | 76 | 396 | (361 | ) | 1,348 | 58 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax earnings (losses) (1) |
3,781 | 1,921 | 797 | 1,673 | (417 | ) | 7,755 | 600 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-tax impact of items of note (2) |
236 | 1 | 54 | | 96 | 387 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax earnings (losses) (4) |
$ | 4,017 | $ | 1,922 | $ | 851 | $ | 1,673 | $ | (321 | ) | $ | 8,142 | $ | 640 | |||||||||||||||||||
2018 |
Net income (loss) |
$ | 2,540 | $ | 1,286 | $ | 561 | $ | 1,086 | $ | (189 | ) | $ | 5,284 | $ | 436 | ||||||||||||||||||
Add: provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
741 | 5 | 79 | (30 | ) | 75 | 870 | 61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Add: income taxes |
919 | 478 | 97 | 387 | (459 | ) | 1,422 | 75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax earnings (losses) (1) |
4,200 | 1,769 | 737 | 1,443 | (573 | ) | 7,576 | 572 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-tax impact of items of note (2) |
12 | 1 | 36 | | 171 | 220 | 28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax earnings (losses) (4) |
$ | 4,212 | $ | 1,770 | $ | 773 | $ | 1,443 | $ | (402 | ) | $ | 7,796 | $ | 600 |
(1) | Non-GAAP measure. |
(2) | Items of note are removed from reported results to calculate adjusted results. |
(3) | Excludes the impact of the provision for credit losses for performing loans from the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, as the amount is included in the add back of provision for (reversal of) credit losses. |
(4) | Adjusted to exclude the impact of items of note. Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. |
20 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
Strategic business units overview
CIBC has four SBUs Canadian Personal and Business Banking, Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, and Capital Markets. These SBUs are supported by the following functional groups Technology, Infrastructure and Innovation, Risk Management, People, Culture and Brand, Finance and Enterprise Strategy, as well as other support groups, which all are included within Corporate and Other. The expenses of these functional and support groups are generally allocated to the business lines within the SBUs. The majority of the functional and support costs of CIBC Bank USA are recognized directly in the U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management SBU. Corporate and Other also includes the results of CIBC FirstCaribbean and other strategic investments, as well as other income statement and balance sheet items not directly attributable to the business lines.
Business unit allocations
Revenue, expenses, and other balance sheet resources related to certain activities are generally allocated to the lines of business within the SBUs.
Treasury activities impact the financial results of the SBUs. Each line of business within our SBUs is charged or credited with a market-based cost of funds on assets and liabilities, respectively, which impacts the revenue performance of the SBUs. This market-based cost of funds takes into account the cost of maintaining sufficient regulatory capital to support business requirements, including the cost of preferred shares. Once the interest and liquidity risks inherent in our client-driven assets and liabilities are transfer priced into Treasury, they are managed within CIBCs risk framework and limits. Capital is attributed to the SBUs based on the estimated amount of regulatory capital required to support their businesses, which is intended to consistently measure and align the costs with the underlying benefits and risks associated with SBU activities. Earnings on unattributed capital remain in Corporate and Other. We review our transfer pricing methodologies on an ongoing basis to ensure they reflect changing market environments and industry practices.
We use a Product Owner/Customer Segment/Distributor Channel allocation management model to measure and report the results of operations of various lines of business within our SBUs. The model uses certain estimates and methodologies to process internal transfers between the impacted lines of business for sales, renewals and trailer commissions as well as certain attributable costs. Periodically, the sales, renewals and trailer commission rates paid to customer segments for certain products/services are revised and applied prospectively.
The non-interest expenses of the functional and support groups are generally allocated to the business lines within the SBUs based on appropriate criteria and methodologies. The basis of allocation is reviewed periodically to reflect changes in support to business lines. Other costs not directly attributable to business lines remain in Corporate and Other.
We recognize provision for credit losses on both impaired (stage 3) and performing (stages 1 and 2) loans in the respective SBUs.
Revenue, taxable equivalent basis
Certain SBUs evaluate revenue on a TEB. In order to arrive at the TEB amount, the SBUs gross up tax-exempt revenue on certain securities to a TEB, being the amount of fully taxable revenue, which, were it to have incurred tax at the statutory income tax rate, would yield the same after-tax revenue. Simultaneously, an equivalent amount is booked as an income tax expense resulting in no impact on the net income of the SBUs. This measure enables comparability of revenue arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. The total TEB adjustments of the SBUs are offset in revenue and income tax expense in Corporate and Other.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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21
|
|
Managements discussion and analysis |
Canadian Personal and Business Banking
Canadian Personal and Business Banking provides personal and business clients across Canada with financial advice, services and solutions through banking centres, as well as mobile and online channels to help make their ambitions a reality.
Our business strategy
We are focused on helping our clients achieve their ambitions, and delivering sustainable, market-leading performance. To achieve this, our strategy continues to comprise three key priorities:
| Introducing more opportunities for our clients to deal with us digitally by investing in digital and real-time remote capabilities; |
| Providing our team with the tools to deliver an excellent experience for our clients consistent with a one-team approach; and |
| Delivering personalized advice to our clients in a way that is meaningful and relevant to each of them. |
2022 progress
In 2022, we demonstrated positive momentum, with our strongest net client growth since 2017, as we welcomed new clients to our bank. Looking at our client experience, we improved to 2nd place in the J.D. Power Client Satisfaction survey, up from 5th last year. In addition, we continued to narrow our primary clients net promoter score gap to the leader in the Ipsos Customer Satisfaction Index study. With excellent revenue diversification, we remained focused on generating high-value growth despite headwinds. We drove unprecedented growth in our everyday bank account openings and leading market share growth in lending. We also continued to support our clients homeownership ambitions by enhancing the mortgage origination and renewal process, and helping them navigate rising interest rates. We will maintain focus on our three strategic priorities and build on our 2022 momentum and success.
Introducing more opportunities for our clients to deal with us digitally
| Ranked #1 in Online Banking Satisfaction by J.D. Power and recognized by Digital Banker for Outstanding Digital Client Experience in Mobile Banking as well as for using in-house research and client feedback to improve digital journeys. |
| Introduced CIBC Smart Start, our enhanced youth and student banking offer which provides market-leading value. Clients can open a new account digitally and enjoy no-fee banking, including free direct investing through CIBC Investors Edge, until the age of 25. |
| Announced a strategic investment to bring a new merchant services platform called Tyl by CIBC to Canada. |
| Delivered a market-leading Interac e-Transfer feature, enabling clients to set recurring or future-dated e-Transfer payments. |
| Announced a new collaboration with Willful, a digital solution for estate planning, making financial planning easier and affordable for clients. |
| Introduced more digital options for clients to renew their mortgage online, including an enhanced online pre-qualification tool. |
| Improved the digital onboarding experience allowing clients to start banking within minutes by adding a digital debit card to their mobile wallet and automatically linking new cards to their profiles. |
Providing our team with the tools to deliver an excellent experience for our clients
| Ranked #1 on Investment Executive 2022 Report Card on Banks, for the seventh consecutive year. |
| Announced an agreement with nCino, to digitize the end-to-end account open and lending experience for both business clients and team members. |
| Introduced accessible credit, debit and Smart prepaid card sleeves for clients who are blind, have low vision or specific conditions such as glaucoma, including the card name, number and expiry date in braille or larger print. |
| Launched Smart Interest on the CIBC eAdvantage Savings Account for clients who save $200 or more each month. |
| Welcomed more than two million Costco Mastercard clients and focused on ensuring they were successfully transitioned to their new card. |
| Demonstrated our commitment to inclusion by hosting our first virtual Global Accessibility Awareness Day, sponsoring the MaRS CIBC Inclusive Design Challenge, and removing barriers to services and products for underserved clients including seniors and persons with disabilities. |
Delivering personalized advice to our clients in a way that is meaningful and relevant to each of them
| Named in The Globe and Mails 2022 Best B2B Brands for our client engagement throughout the pandemic. |
| Launched the CIBC Black Entrepreneur Program, which includes a $15 million commitment for business loans of up to $250,000 to accelerate the start-up and growth of their businesses. |
| Improved the mortgage experience by engaging clients ahead of prime rate increases to help them manage rising interest rates. |
| Supported displaced Ukrainians with our newcomer banking offer, helped them find Ukrainian-speaking advisors, and provided welcome kits. |
| Helped clients learn how to integrate climate action into their everyday lives through our new CIBC Climate Centre on cibc.com, which provides a number of insights on saving energy and how to have a positive impact on the environment. |
2022 financial review
Revenue ($ billions) |
Net income ($ millions) |
Operating leverage (%) |
Average loans and acceptances(1)(2) ($ billions) |
Average deposits(2) ($ billions) | ||||
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![]() |
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(1) | Loan amounts are stated before any related allowances. |
(2) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
22 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
Our focus for 2023
In Canadian Personal and Business Banking our objective is to deliver sustainable, market-leading performance with a focus on helping our clients achieve their ambitions. Our strategy remains centred on three key priorities:
| Deliver personalized advice to our clients in a way that is meaningful to them; |
| Introduce more opportunities for our clients to deal with us digitally; and |
| Provide our team with the tools to deliver an excellent experience for our clients. |
Results(1)
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Revenue |
$ | 8,909 | $ | 8,150 | ||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
||||||||
Impaired |
534 | 484 | ||||||
Performing |
342 | (134 | ) | |||||
Provision for credit losses |
876 | 350 | ||||||
Non-interest expenses |
4,975 | 4,414 | ||||||
Income before income taxes |
3,058 | 3,386 | ||||||
Income taxes |
809 | 892 | ||||||
Net income |
$ | 2,249 | $ | 2,494 | ||||
Net income attributable to: |
||||||||
Equity shareholders |
$ | 2,249 | $ | 2,494 | ||||
Total revenue |
||||||||
Net interest income |
$ | 6,657 | $ | 5,954 | ||||
Non-interest income (2) |
2,252 | 2,196 | ||||||
$ | 8,909 | $ | 8,150 | |||||
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets (3)(4) |
2.21 | % | 2.21 | % | ||||
Efficiency ratio |
55.8 | % | 54.2 | % | ||||
Operating leverage |
(3.4 | )% | 0.4 | % | ||||
Return on equity (5) |
28.2 | % | 38.1 | % | ||||
Average allocated common equity (5) |
$ | 7,987 | $ | 6,554 | ||||
Average assets ($ billions) (3) |
$ | 305.1 | $ | 272.6 | ||||
Average loans and acceptances ($ billions) (3) |
$ | 302.1 | $ | 270.3 | ||||
Average deposits ($ billions) (3) |
$ | 204.0 | $ | 187.9 | ||||
Full-time equivalent employees |
13,840 | 12,629 |
(1) | For additional segmented information, see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements. |
(2) | Includes intersegment revenue, which represents internal sales commissions and revenue allocations under the Product Owner/Customer Segment/Distributor Channel allocation management model. |
(3) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
(4) | For additional information on the composition, see the Glossary section. |
(5) | For additional information, see the Non-GAAP measures section. |
Financial overview
Net income was down $245 million or 10% from 2021, primarily due to higher non-interest expenses and a higher provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher revenue.
Revenue
Revenue was up $759 million or 9% from 2021, primarily due to volume growth and higher fee income.
Net interest income was up $703 million or 12% from 2021, primarily due to deposit and loan growth, including from the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio. Non-interest income was up $56 million or 3% from 2021, primarily due to higher fee income.
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets was comparable with 2021, mainly due to higher deposit margins and the impact of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, partially offset by lower loan margins.
Provision for credit losses
Provision for credit losses was up $526 million or 150% from 2021. The current year included a provision for credit losses on performing loans mainly due to an unfavourable change in our economic outlook and the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, while the prior year included a provision reversal due to a favourable change in our economic outlook driven by the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Provision for credit losses on impaired loans was up due to higher provisions reflective of higher impaired balances, with write-offs being comparable to the prior year.
Non-interest expenses
Non-interest expenses were up $561 million or 13% from 2021, primarily due to higher spending on strategic initiatives, including the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, and higher employee-related compensation.
Income taxes
Income taxes were down $83 million or 9% from 2021, primarily due to lower income.
Average assets
Average assets were up $32.5 billion or 12% from 2021, primarily due to growth in residential mortgages, as well as the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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23
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Managements discussion and analysis |
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management provides high-touch, relationship-oriented banking and wealth management services to middle-market companies, entrepreneurs, high-net-worth individuals and families across Canada, as well as asset management services to institutional investors.
Our business strategy
We are focused on building and enhancing client relationships, being Canadas leader in financial advice and generating long-term consistent growth. To deliver on this, our three key strategic priorities continue to be:
| Delivering risk-controlled growth in our Commercial Bank; |
| Accelerating the growth of Private Wealth; and |
| Evolving our Asset Management business. |
2022 progress
In 2022, we had positive momentum on our client-focused journey and delivered strong growth across our SBU. As the economic environment continued to evolve, our purpose-driven culture, combined with the banks solid capital position and disciplined risk and expense management approach, helped us to deliver consistent financial performance. In Commercial Banking, we had strong demand for both loans and deposits, and we continue to streamline and simplify the digital experience for our clients. In Private Wealth, we made progress on our growth trajectory with a key focus on advisor support programs and new technology. In Asset Management, we further incorporated a comprehensive ESG framework into all actively managed investment strategies. And finally, we had strong referral momentum across our internal teams resulting in deeper client relationships and reinforcing our commitment to helping our clients achieve their ambitions.
Delivering risk-controlled growth in our Commercial Bank
| Improved client and employee experience by modernizing our systems and streamlining processes. |
| Continued to enhance programs tailored to high-growth industries through our National Industries Program team including centralized marketing and tools to support enriched client conversations. |
| Further expanded CIBC Innovation Banking across North America, providing strategic advice, cash management and funding to technology and life science companies at each stage of their business cycle. |
| Launched dedicated Commercial Banking Inclusion and Diversity and ESG committees, including training modules on addressing gender bias and the importance of an inclusive workplace and inclusive client interactions. |
Accelerating the growth of Private Wealth
| Investment Executive Brokerage Report Card ranked CIBC second overall among the Big 6 banks in 2022. |
| Launched exclusive private banking offers for entrepreneurs, executives, and their children to onboard new relationships, and deepen existing ones. |
| Deepened client relationships through increased financial planning and the onboarding of new Wealth Planning Professionals to further support our integrated wealth offer and help clients achieve their ambitions, resulting in a 40% increase versus last year with over 4,500 plans delivered, contributing an additional $4 billion in AUA. |
| Created a new program to increase partner referrals across the bank to help clients fulfill their broader wealth needs. |
| Achieved 57% higher net flows versus last year in CIBC Wood Gundy related to an ongoing client-focused approach and commitments to financial planning. |
| Launched refreshed competitive recruiting programs to build capacity and gain market share, including an Associate Development Program to enhance career and succession planning. |
| Created frontline capacity through streamlined credit processes and centralizing administrative functions. |
| Launched digital signature with our CIBC Wood Gundy and CIBC Private Investment Counsel for account openings and maintenance activities. |
| The Globe and Mail named 30 CIBC Wood Gundy advisors to Canadas Top Wealth Advisors list with three advisors ranked in the top 10. |
Evolving our Asset Management business
| Ranked #3 among Big 6 banks in long-term mutual fund sales as a percent of AUM. |
| Launched CIBC Asset Management (CAM) Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) Indigenous Scholarship for individuals in our communities that identify as Indigenous who are working towards completing their CFA designation. |
| Announced a three-year partnership with the new Ivey School of Business Women in Asset Management Program designed to overcome the under representation of individuals who self-identify as women in asset management, including an introduction to career opportunities, and CIBC Asset Management internships. |
| Incorporated a climate policy in CAMs Responsible Investing Policy. |
| Launched inaugural CAM Annual ESG & Stewardship Report which includes tracking climate-specific company engagements. |
| Continued to create new efficiencies and enhance the client experience, including launching the first phase of our investment platform simplification to further streamline account structures, improve onboarding and client reporting and provide enhanced portfolio management capabilities for advisors. |
| Launched several alternative investment products for Private Wealth clients and launched two PIMCO bond funds for Private Wealth and Personal and Business Banking clients. |
24 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
2022 financial review
Revenue ($ billions) |
Net income ($ millions) |
Operating leverage (%) |
Average loans(1)(2) ($ billions) |
Average deposits(2) ($ billions) | ||||
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Average commercial banking loans(1)(2)(3) ($ billions) |
Average commercial banking deposits(2) ($ billions) |
Assets under administration and management(4) ($ billions) |
Canadian retail mutual funds and exchange- ($ billions) | |||||
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(1) | Loan amounts are stated before any related allowances. |
(2) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
(3) | Comprises loans and acceptances and notional amount of letters of credit. |
(4) | AUM amounts are included in the amounts reported under AUA. |
Our focus for 2023
In Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, our ambition is to become the leader in financial advice to both personal and business clients. We remain focused on three strategic priorities:
| Delivering risk-controlled growth in our Commercial Bank, while fostering strong referrals across CIBC; |
| Accelerating the growth of Private Wealth to deepen client relationships; and |
| Evolving our Asset Management business to increase connectivity within our own bank channels and to launch new technologies to support clients and advisors. |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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25
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Managements discussion and analysis |
Results(1)
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Revenue |
||||||||
Commercial banking |
$ | 2,278 | $ | 1,827 | ||||
Wealth management |
2,976 | 2,843 | ||||||
Total revenue |
5,254 | 4,670 | ||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
||||||||
Impaired |
22 | 6 | ||||||
Performing |
1 | (45 | ) | |||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
23 | (39 | ) | |||||
Non-interest expenses |
2,656 | 2,443 | ||||||
Income before income taxes |
2,575 | 2,266 | ||||||
Income taxes |
680 | 601 | ||||||
Net income |
$ | 1,895 | $ | 1,665 | ||||
Net income attributable to: |
||||||||
Equity shareholders |
$ | 1,895 | $ | 1,665 | ||||
Total revenue |
||||||||
Net interest income |
$ | 1,672 | $ | 1,291 | ||||
Non-interest income (2) |
3,582 | 3,379 | ||||||
$ | 5,254 | $ | 4,670 | |||||
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets (3)(4) |
3.37 | % | 3.25 | % | ||||
Efficiency ratio |
50.5 | % | 52.3 | % | ||||
Operating leverage |
3.8 | % | 1.2 | % | ||||
Return on equity (5) |
22.9 | % | 24.5 | % | ||||
Average allocated common equity (5) |
$ | 8,275 | $ | 6,794 | ||||
Average assets ($ billions) (3) |
$ | 84.7 | $ | 70.1 | ||||
Average loans ($ billions) (3) |
$ | 87.6 | $ | 72.8 | ||||
Average deposits ($ billions) (3) |
$ | 94.0 | $ | 83.6 | ||||
AUA ($ billions) |
$ | 324.5 | $ | 356.6 | ||||
AUM ($ billions) |
$ | 208.8 | $ | 230.3 | ||||
Full-time equivalent employees |
5,711 | 5,241 |
(1) | For additional segmented information, see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements. |
(2) | Includes intersegment revenue, which represents internal sales commissions and revenue allocations under the Product Owner/Customer Segment/Distributor Channel allocation management model. |
(3) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
(4) | For additional information on the composition, see the Glossary section. |
(5) | For additional information, see the Non-GAAP measures section. |
Financial overview
Net income was up $230 million or 14% from 2021, primarily due to higher revenue, partially offset by higher non-interest expenses and a provision for credit losses in the current year compared with a provision reversal in the prior year.
Revenue
Revenue was up $584 million or 13% from 2021.
Commercial banking revenue was up $451 million or 25%, primarily due to higher net interest income from loan and deposit growth, higher deposit spreads that benefitted from the rising interest rate environment, and higher fees.
Wealth management revenue was up $133 million or 5%, primarily due to higher fee-based revenue driven by higher average AUA and AUM reflecting market appreciation and the impact of net sales, and higher net interest income, mainly from deposits, partially offset by lower commission revenue from decreased client activity.
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets was up 12 basis points primarily due to higher deposit margins, partially offset by lower loan margins.
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Provision for credit losses was up $62 million or 159% from 2021. The current year included a small provision for credit losses on performing loans, while the prior year included a provision reversal due to a favourable change in our economic outlook driven by the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Provision for credit losses on impaired loans was up mainly attributable to the education, health and social services sector.
Non-interest expenses
Non-interest expenses were up $213 million or 9% from 2021, primarily due to higher spending on strategic initiatives, and higher performance-based and employee-related compensation.
Income taxes
Income taxes were up $79 million or 13% from 2021, primarily due to higher income.
Average assets
Average assets were up $14.6 billion or 21% from 2021, primarily due to growth in commercial loans.
Assets under administration
AUA on a spot basis were down $32.1 billion or 9% from 2021, primarily due to market depreciation. AUM amounts are included in the amounts reported under AUA.
26 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management provides high-touch, relationship-oriented banking and wealth management services across the U.S., focused on middle-market and mid-corporate companies, entrepreneurs, high-net-worth individuals and families, as well as personal and small business banking services in four U.S. Midwestern markets.
Our business strategy
Our goal is to grow our purpose-built U.S. commercial and wealth management franchise focused on the private economy and high-growth client segments through a focus on organic growth and seamless connectivity to our Capital Markets and Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management franchises. Our key strategic priorities continue to be:
| Building and deepening client relationships; |
| Strengthening and diversifying our deposit base; |
| Improving efficiency through data and technology; and |
| Advancing the growth and transformation of our business. |
2022 progress
In 2022, our continued focus on deep-rooted relationship banking continues to attract new clients and at the same time provides us with opportunities to do more with existing clients. As a result, we drove strong loan, deposit and AUM/AUA net flows. Investments in our business to support growth allow us to continue to expand the products and services we offer, improve processes and technology and meet client needs.
Building and deepening client relationships
| Drove solid loan and deposit growth, including continued expansion of our private banking business with existing commercial and wealth clients. |
| Generated strong growth in AUM and AUA net flows, which helped to offset the impact of volatile investment markets during the year. |
| Leveraged our strong partnership with our Capital Markets franchise to provide a wider range of products and services to U.S. commercial and wealth clients. |
| Ranked as a Top Ten Registered Investment Advisor by Barrons for the third consecutive year. |
Strengthening and diversifying our deposit base
| Maintained a diversified funding strategy through our commercial, private banking and retail clients. |
| Continued growth in private banking. |
| Expanded deposit gathering, including leveraging the rising rate environment to attract new clients to our CIBC Agility online savings platform. |
Improving efficiency through data and technology
| Advanced the implementation of customer relationship management and data strategy initiatives to further the connectivity between teams, provide a consolidated view of our businesses and support a strong risk management infrastructure. |
| Continued to refine client-facing processes making it easier for clients to bank with us, including launching the Zelle® person-to-person payment platform. |
| Began implementation of a consolidated wealth management system to improve client service. |
Advancing the growth and transformation of our business
| Expanded Commercial Banking industry specialties with the launch of Equipment Financing, and added Junior Debt lending and advisory services. |
| Further enhanced our risk and change management infrastructure to support our growth. |
2022 financial review
Revenue
(US$ billions) |
Net income
($ millions) |
Net income
(US$ millions) |
Operating leverage
(% in U.S. dollars) | |||
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CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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Managements discussion and analysis |
Average loans(1)(2)
(US$ billions) |
Average deposits(2)
(US$ billions) |
Average commercial banking loans(1)(2)
(US$ billions) |
Assets under administration and management(3)
(US$ billions) | |||
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(1) | Loan amounts are stated before any related allowances. |
(2) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
(3) | AUM amounts are included in the amounts reported under AUA. |
Our focus for 2023
To build on our momentum across U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, we will continue to focus on helping our clients achieve their ambitions by:
| Growing Commercial Banking by delivering expertise and unique solutions leveraging the strength of our franchise to provide lending and deposit services; |
| Expanding Private Wealth and Private Banking with the high-net-worth and ultra-high-net-worth segments, and in fast-growing markets; and |
| Investing in people, technology and infrastructure to scale our platform, strengthen our risk management capabilities, enhance data-driven decision making and create greater efficiencies. |
Results in Canadian dollars(1)
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Revenue |
||||||||
Commercial banking |
$ | 1,613 | $ | 1,444 | ||||
Wealth management (2) |
844 | 750 | ||||||
Total revenue (3) |
2,457 | 2,194 | ||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
||||||||
Impaired |
113 | 104 | ||||||
Performing |
105 | (179 | ) | |||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
218 | (75 | ) | |||||
Non-interest expenses |
1,328 | 1,121 | ||||||
Income before income taxes |
911 | 1,148 | ||||||
Income taxes |
151 | 222 | ||||||
Net income |
$ | 760 | $ | 926 | ||||
Net income attributable to: |
||||||||
Equity shareholders |
$ | 760 | $ | 926 | ||||
Total revenue (3) |
||||||||
Net interest income |
$ | 1,655 | $ | 1,449 | ||||
Non-interest income |
802 | 745 | ||||||
$ | 2,457 | $ | 2,194 | |||||
Average allocated common equity (5) |
$ | 10,422 | $ | 8,975 | ||||
Average assets ($ billions) (4) |
$ | 54.0 | $ | 46.7 | ||||
Average loans ($ billions) (4) |
$ | 48.3 | $ | 41.4 | ||||
Average deposits ($ billions) (4) |
$ | 45.6 | $ | 41.4 | ||||
AUA ($ billions) (6) |
$ | 121.0 | $ | 124.5 | ||||
AUM ($ billions) (6) |
$ | 93.2 | $ | 96.4 | ||||
Full-time equivalent employees |
2,472 | 2,170 |
(1) | For additional segmented information, see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements. |
(2) | Includes revenue related to the U.S. Paycheck Protection Program. |
(3) | Included $8 million of income relating to the accretion of the acquisition date fair value discount on the acquired loans of The PrivateBank (2021: $15 million). |
(4) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
(5) | For additional information, see the Non-GAAP measures section. |
(6) | Includes certain Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management assets that U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management provides sub-advisory services for. |
28 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
Results in U.S. dollars(1)
US$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Revenue |
||||||||
Commercial banking |
$ | 1,249 | $ | 1,151 | ||||
Wealth management (2) |
653 | 597 | ||||||
Total revenue (3) |
1,902 | 1,748 | ||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
||||||||
Impaired |
87 | 82 | ||||||
Performing |
82 | (143 | ) | |||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
169 | (61 | ) | |||||
Non-interest expenses |
1,028 | 893 | ||||||
Income before income taxes |
705 | 916 | ||||||
Income taxes |
117 | 177 | ||||||
Net income |
$ | 588 | $ | 739 | ||||
Net income attributable to: |
||||||||
Equity shareholders |
$ | 588 | $ | 739 | ||||
Total revenue (3) |
||||||||
Net interest income |
$ | 1,281 | $ | 1,154 | ||||
Non-interest income |
621 | 594 | ||||||
$ | 1,902 | $ | 1,748 | |||||
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets (4)(5) |
3.42 | % | 3.50 | % | ||||
Efficiency ratio |
54.0 | % | 51.1 | % | ||||
Operating leverage |
(6.3 | )% | 8.5 | % | ||||
Return on equity (4) |
7.3 | % | 10.3 | % | ||||
Average allocated common equity (6) |
$ | 8,066 | $ | 7,149 | ||||
Average assets ($ billions) (4) |
$ | 41.7 | $ | 37.2 | ||||
Average loans ($ billions) (4) |
$ | 37.4 | $ | 33.0 | ||||
Average deposits ($ billions) (4) |
$ | 35.3 | $ | 33.0 | ||||
AUA ($ billions) (7) |
$ | 88.8 | $ | 100.6 | ||||
AUM ($ billions) (7) |
$ | 68.4 | $ | 77.9 |
(1) | For additional segmented information, see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements. |
(2) | Includes revenue related to the U.S. Paycheck Protection Program. |
(3) | Included US$6 million of income relating to the accretion of the acquisition date fair value discount on the acquired loans of The PrivateBank (2021: US$12 million). |
(4) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
(5) | For additional information on the composition, see the Glossary section. |
(6) | For additional information, see the Non-GAAP measures section. |
(7) | Includes certain Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management assets that U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management provides sub-advisory services for. |
Financial overview
Net income was down $166 million or 18% (US$151 million or 20%) from 2021, primarily due to a provision for credit losses in the current year compared with a provision reversal in the prior year and higher non-interest expenses, partially offset by higher revenue.
Revenue
Revenue was up US$154 million or 9% from 2021.
Commercial banking revenue was up US$98 million or 9%, primarily due to higher net interest income from loan growth and higher fees from loan syndication, partially offset by lower loan margins.
Wealth management revenue was up US$56 million or 9%, primarily due to higher net interest income from deposit growth, higher deposit margins, and higher fee-based revenue driven by higher average AUA and AUM balances and net sales.
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets was down 8 basis points, primarily due to lower loan margins, and lower loan repayment fees due to the PPP, partially offset by higher deposit margins.
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
The current year included a provision for credit losses of US$169 million, while the prior year included a provision reversal of US$61 million. The current year included a provision for credit losses on performing loans due to unfavourable portfolio migration and model parameter updates, while the prior year included a provision reversal due to a favourable change in our economic outlook driven by the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Provision for credit losses on impaired loans was up due to higher provisions in the capital goods manufacturing sector, partially offset by lower provisions in the real estate and construction sector.
Non-interest expenses
Non-interest expenses were up US$135 million or 15% from 2021, primarily due to higher employee-related and performance-based compensation, and higher spending of US$94 million on strategic initiatives in support of growth in our commercial banking platform and infrastructure build in our U.S. franchise.
Income taxes
Income taxes were down US$60 million or 34% from 2021, primarily due to lower income.
Average assets
Average assets were up US$4.5 billion or 12% from 2021, primarily due to growth in loans.
Assets under administration
AUA were down US$11.8 billion or 12% from 2021, primarily due to market depreciation, partially offset by net sales. AUM amounts are included in the amounts reported under AUA.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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Managements discussion and analysis |
Capital Markets provides integrated global markets products and services, investment banking advisory and execution, corporate banking solutions and top-ranked research to our clients around the world. It includes Direct Financial Services which focuses on expanding CIBCs digital capabilities to provide a cohesive set of direct banking, direct investing and innovative multi-currency payment solutions for CIBCs clients.
Our business strategy
Our goal is to deliver leading capital markets solutions to our North American and international clients by providing best-in-class insight, advice and execution. To enable CIBCs strategy and priorities, we collaborate with our partners across our bank to deepen and enhance client relationships. Our three key strategic priorities continue to be:
| Delivering the leading capital markets platform in Canada to our core clients; |
| Building a North American client platform with global capabilities; and |
| Focusing on connectivity to accelerate the growth of Direct Financial Services and deepen relationships across our bank. |
2022 progress
In 2022, we continued to make progress on our strategic priorities with an emphasis on deepening client relationships, growing in the U.S. and enhancing connectivity across the bank. Collectively, these efforts have built a well-diversified Capital Markets business that delivers consistent performance and growth. Our growth in 2022 was enabled by our strong focus on our clients and favourable market conditions in Global Markets. In addition, we further expanded our Direct Financial Services business to generate more recurring revenue and attract new clients seeking a convenient, digitally-enabled banking and investing model.
Delivering the leading capital markets platform in Canada to our core clients
| Continued delivering industry-leading advice and capital markets solutions by expanding our Energy, Infrastructure and Transition group to complement our existing platform and enable the transition to a lower carbon future. |
| Strengthened our platform by continuing to invest in talent and technology, including investments in our talent and simplifying processes to support our client-focused culture. |
| Committed $100 million in limited partnership investments dedicated to investing in key climate tech and energy transition funds, driving the development of new climate innovations. |
| Announced multi-year partnerships with the University of Calgary, the Schulich School of Business, and McGill University, to help foster the energy transition ecosystem and enable new ideas and develop a new generation of leaders. |
Building a North American client platform with global capabilities
| Made a strategic investment in New York and London co-headquartered specialized private markets firm Sera Global, which is aligned with our strategy to accelerate our momentum in the U.S. |
| Achieved top 10 ranking in financing for the renewable industry across North America for transactions that closed from January 1, 2022 to September 30, 2022 (North American Renewables League Tables by Inframation). |
| Expanded Carbonplace (formally known as Project Carbon) with three new members, providing settlements infrastructure and systems for marketplaces and exchanges in the voluntary carbon market, helping to enable the sustainability ambitions of our clients. |
| Recipient of Global Finances North American Regional Awards for Outstanding Leadership in Transition & Sustainability Linked Bonds and for Outstanding Leadership in Green Bonds. |
| CIBC Cleary Gull was the recipient of M&A Atlas Americas Awards for Americas Industries Manufacturing Deal of the Year (Middle Market) and USA Deal of the Year (Small Markets). |
Focusing on connectivity to accelerate the growth of Direct Financial Services and deepen relationships across our bank
| Expanded our industry-first Canadian Depositary Receipts lineup as part of our ongoing commitment to developing innovative, market-based solutions that meet investor needs. |
| Broadened the banking services available to clients through Simplii Financial, becoming the first Canadian digital banking brand to offer recurring and future-dated Interac e-Transfer transactions and establish a digital gift card marketplace, in addition to launching a U.S. dollar savings account, partnerships with Visa Direct and MoneyGram, and winning Best Bank in Canada for Value for Money by Ipsos. |
| Continued to enhance our offerings to clients within our Global Money Transfer platform, with services such as Cash Pickup and Digital Identity Verification. |
As a leading capital markets franchise in Canada and banking partner to our clients around the world, Capital Markets acted as:
| Financial advisor to Blackstone Infrastructure Partners on its US$3 billion equity investment in Invenergy Renewable Holdings LLC to accelerate renewable development activities. |
| Financial advisor to Innergex Renewable Energy Inc. on its acquisition of Aela Generación S.A. and Aela Energía SpA, one of Chiles largest independent power producers of renewable energy, for a transaction value of US$686 million; lead on a $173 million issue of common shares and provision of acquisition credit facilities in support of the transaction; also, joint lead placement agent on a US$710 million dual tranche private placement of senior notes for Aela Generación S.A. and assisted in the implementation of a financial risk management strategy. |
| Financial advisor to Cameco Corporation on the acquisition of Westinghouse Electric Company, through a strategic partnership with Brookfield Renewable Partners, for a transaction value of US$7.9 billion (closing expected in the second half of 2023); lead on a US$748 million issue of common shares and joint bookrunner, joint lead arranger and administrative agent on a US$600 million senior term loan facility and joint bookrunner, joint lead arranger and syndication agent on a US$1 billion senior 364-day bridge facility in support of the acquisition. |
30 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
| Exclusive financial advisor to TELUS Corporation on its acquisition of LifeWorks Inc. for a transaction value of $2.9 billion. |
| Exclusive financial advisor to Resolute Forest Products Inc. on its sale to Paper Excellence Group for a transaction value of US$2.7 billion (expected to close in the first half of 2023). |
| Joint bookrunner on a number of corporate green/sustainable bonds including TELUS Corporations $1.1 billion sustainability-linked notes, iA Financial Corporations $300 million sustainable debentures and Ontario Power Generations $300 million green notes offerings as well as joint bookrunner for the Government of Canadas $5 billion green bonds, Province of Ontarios $1.75 billion green bond, Province of Quebecs $1 billion green notes and European Investment Banks $1.4 billion climate awareness bond offerings. |
| Led the structuring and execution of a number of Sustainability-Linked Loans (SLLs) in Canada, including acting as joint bookrunner, co-lead arranger and sustainability structuring agent on a SLL overlay to the $750 million Revolver for Cogeco Communications Inc. and acting as co-sustainability structuring agent for Hydro Ones amendments to incorporate the SLL structure to the existing $2.3 billion Hydro One Inc. and $250 million Hydro One Limited syndicated credit facilities. Hydro One is the first organization in Canada to incorporate increasing Indigenous procurement spend as a key sustainability performance measure in the loan. |
2022 financial review
Revenue ($ billions) |
Net income ($ millions) |
Operating leverage (%) | ||
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Average loans and acceptances ($ billions) |
Average deposits ($ billions) |
Average value-at-risk (VaR) ($ millions) |
Revenue Direct financial services ($ millions) | |||
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Our focus for 2023
To support our banks long-term objectives, Capital Markets remains focused on delivering profitable growth by deepening client relationships and collaborating with our partners across our bank to help make our clients ambitions a reality. We will continue to do this by:
| Maintaining our focused approach to client coverage in Canada; |
| Growing our North American platform by further expanding our U.S. reach and broadening the services offered to clients; and |
| Strengthening our connectivity, technology and innovation efforts to bring more of our banks offerings to our clients. |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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Managements discussion and analysis |
Results(1)
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Revenue |
||||||||
Global markets |
$ | 2,322 | $ | 2,076 | ||||
Corporate and investment banking |
1,700 | 1,616 | ||||||
Direct financial services |
979 | 828 | ||||||
Total revenue (2) |
5,001 | 4,520 | ||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
||||||||
Impaired |
(31 | ) | 32 | |||||
Performing |
(31 | ) | (132 | ) | ||||
Reversal of credit losses |
(62 | ) | (100 | ) | ||||
Non-interest expenses |
2,437 | 2,117 | ||||||
Income before income taxes |
2,626 | 2,503 | ||||||
Income taxes (2) |
718 | 646 | ||||||
Net income |
$ | 1,908 | $ | 1,857 | ||||
Net income attributable to: |
||||||||
Equity shareholders |
$ | 1,908 | $ | 1,857 | ||||
Efficiency ratio |
48.7 | % | 46.8 | % | ||||
Operating leverage |
(4.4 | )% | 1.7 | % | ||||
Return on equity (3) |
21.3 | % | 25.6 | % | ||||
Average allocated common equity (3) |
$ | 8,978 | $ | 7,241 | ||||
Average assets ($ billions) (4) |
$ | 284.3 | $ | 255.1 | ||||
Average loans and acceptances ($ billions) (4) |
$ | 62.5 | $ | 47.8 | ||||
Average deposits ($ billions) (4) |
$ | 100.5 | $ | 86.0 | ||||
Full-time equivalent employees (5) |
2,384 | 2,225 |
(1) | For additional segmented information, see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements. |
(2) | Revenue and income taxes are reported on a TEB. Accordingly, revenue and income taxes include a TEB adjustment of $211 million (2021: $204 million). The equivalent amounts are offset in the revenue and income taxes of Corporate and Other. |
(3) | For additional information, see the Non-GAAP measures section. |
(4) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
(5) | In 2021, 79 full-time equivalent employees related to Simplii Financials call centre operations were transferred to Capital Markets from Corporate and Other, with no financial impact as the costs were previously allocated to Direct financial services. |
Financial overview
Net income was up $51 million or 3% from 2021, primarily due to higher revenue, partially offset by higher non-interest expenses and a lower provision reversal in the current year.
Revenue
Revenue was up $481 million or 11% from 2021.
Global markets revenue was up $246 million or 12%, primarily due to higher foreign exchange, global collateral finance and equity derivatives trading revenue, partially offset by lower commodities trading revenue.
Corporate and investment banking revenue was up $84 million or 5%, primarily due to higher corporate banking and advisory revenue, and higher gains from our investment portfolios, partially offset by lower equity and debt underwriting activity.
Direct financial services revenue was up $151 million or 18%, primarily due to higher revenue from Simplii Financial, and higher volumes and growth in our foreign exchange and payments business, partially offset by lower trading volumes in direct investing.
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Provision reversal of credit losses was down $38 million or 38% from 2021. The provision reversal of credit losses on performing loans was down as the prior year included a favourable change in our economic outlook driven by the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, and favourable portfolio migration. The current year included a provision reversal of credit losses on impaired loans attributable to the oil and gas, and utilities sectors, while the prior year included a provision for credit losses mainly in the utilities sector.
Non-interest expenses
Non-interest expenses were up $320 million or 15% from 2021, primarily due to higher spending on strategic initiatives, and higher employee-related and performance-based compensation.
Income taxes
Income taxes were up $72 million or 11% from 2021, primarily due to higher income.
Average assets
Average assets were up $29.2 billion or 11% from 2021, primarily due to higher loan balances, trading securities and higher derivative valuation.
32 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
Corporate and Other includes the following functional groups Technology, Infrastructure and Innovation, Risk Management, People, Culture and Brand, Finance and Enterprise Strategy, as well as other support groups. The expenses of these functional and support groups are generally allocated to the business lines within the SBUs. The majority of the functional and support costs of CIBC Bank USA are recognized directly in the U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management SBU. Corporate and Other also includes the results of CIBC FirstCaribbean and other strategic investments, as well as other income statement and balance sheet items not directly attributable to the business lines.
Results(1)
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Revenue |
||||||||
International banking |
$ | 778 | $ | 687 | ||||
Other |
(566 | ) | (206 | ) | ||||
Total revenue (2) |
212 | 481 | ||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
||||||||
Impaired |
59 | 76 | ||||||
Performing |
(57 | ) | (54 | ) | ||||
Provision for credit losses |
2 | 22 | ||||||
Non-interest expenses |
1,407 | 1,440 | ||||||
Loss before income taxes |
(1,197 | ) | (981 | ) | ||||
Income taxes (2) |
(628 | ) | (485 | ) | ||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (569 | ) | $ | (496 | ) | ||
Net income (loss) attributable to: |
||||||||
Non-controlling interests |
$ | 23 | $ | 17 | ||||
Equity shareholders |
(592 | ) | (513 | ) | ||||
Full-time equivalent employees |
26,020 | 23,017 |
(1) | For additional segmented information, see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements. |
(2) | Revenue and income taxes of Capital Markets are reported on a TEB. The equivalent amounts are offset in the revenue and income taxes of Corporate and Other. Accordingly, revenue and income taxes include a TEB adjustment of $211 million (2021: $204 million). |
Financial overview
Net loss was up $73 million from 2021, due to lower revenue, partially offset by lower non-interest expenses and lower provision for credit losses.
Revenue
Revenue was down $269 million from 2021.
International banking revenue was up $91 million, primarily due to the impact of foreign exchange translation, higher net product spreads that benefitted from the rising interest rate environment, and higher fee-based revenue in CIBC FirstCaribbean.
Other revenue was down $360 million, primarily due to lower treasury revenue related to an increase in funding costs from higher credit and liquidity spreads.
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Provision for credit losses was down $20 million from 2021. The provision reversal of credit losses on performing loans was comparable to the prior year. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans was down due to lower provisions in CIBC FirstCaribbean.
Non-interest expenses
Non-interest expenses were down $33 million from 2021, mainly due to a lower charge related to the consolidation of our real estate portfolio, shown as an item of note, and lower unallocated corporate support costs, partially offset by higher employee termination costs and higher expenses in CIBC FirstCaribbean.
Income taxes
Income tax benefit was up $143 million from 2021, primarily due to a higher loss.
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Review of condensed consolidated balance sheet
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Cash and deposits with banks |
$ | 63,861 | $ | 56,997 | ||||
Securities |
175,879 | 161,401 | ||||||
Securities borrowed and purchased under resale agreements |
84,539 | 79,940 | ||||||
Loans and acceptances |
528,657 | 462,879 | ||||||
Derivative instruments |
43,035 | 35,912 | ||||||
Other assets |
47,626 | 40,554 | ||||||
$ | 943,597 | $ | 837,683 | |||||
Liabilities and equity |
||||||||
Deposits |
$ | 697,572 | $ | 621,158 | ||||
Obligations related to securities lent, sold short and under repurchase agreements |
97,308 | 97,133 | ||||||
Derivative instruments |
52,340 | 32,101 | ||||||
Acceptances |
11,586 | 10,961 | ||||||
Other liabilities |
28,117 | 24,961 | ||||||
Subordinated indebtedness |
6,292 | 5,539 | ||||||
Equity |
50,382 | 45,830 | ||||||
$ | 943,597 | $ | 837,683 |
Assets
Total assets as at October 31, 2022 were up $105.9 billion or 13% from 2021, of which approximately $27 billion was due to the appreciation of the U.S. dollar.
Cash and deposits with banks increased by $6.9 billion or 12%, primarily due to higher short-term placements in Treasury.
Securities increased by $14.5 billion or 9%, primarily due to increases in U.S. Treasury and Canadian government debt securities, partially offset by decreases in corporate equity. Further details on the composition of securities is provided in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements.
Securities borrowed and purchased under resale agreements increased by $4.6 billion or 6%, primarily due to client-driven activities.
Net loans and acceptances increased by $65.8 billion or 14%, primarily due to increases in business and government loans, which included the impact of foreign exchange translation, Canadian residential mortgages, and the credit card portfolio, which included the addition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio acquired in the second quarter. Further details on the composition of loans and acceptances are provided in the Supplementary annual financial information section and Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements.
Derivative instruments increased by $7.1 billion or 20%, largely driven by increases in foreign exchange derivatives valuation, partially offset by a decrease in equity derivatives valuation.
Other assets increased by $7.1 billion or 17%, primarily due to increases in collateral pledged for derivatives, software and other intangibles, and tax receivables, partially offset by a decrease in broker receivables.
Liabilities
Total liabilities as at October 31, 2022 were up $101.4 billion or 13% from 2021, of which approximately $27 billion was due to the appreciation of the U.S. dollar.
Deposits increased by $76.4 billion or 12%, primarily due to increased wholesale funding and business and government deposits, both of which included the impact of foreign exchange translation, and domestic retail volume growth. Further details on the composition of deposits are provided in the Supplementary annual financial information section and Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.
Obligations related to securities lent, sold short and under repurchase agreements was comparable with the prior year.
Derivative instruments increased by $20.2 billion or 63%, largely driven by increases in foreign exchange and interest rate derivatives valuation, partially offset by a decrease in equity derivatives valuation.
Acceptances increased by $0.6 billion or 6%, driven by client activities.
Other liabilities increased by $3.2 billion or 13%, primarily due to increases in accrued interest payable and broker payables.
Subordinated indebtedness increased by $0.8 billion or 14%, primarily due to the issuance of subordinated indebtedness in the second quarter. For further details see the Capital management section.
Equity
Equity as at October 31, 2022 increased $4.6 billion or 10% from 2021, primarily due to a net increase in retained earnings, accumulated other comprehensive income resulting from a net foreign currency translation gain related to our net investment in foreign operations, the issuance of a limited recourse capital note in the third quarter and the issuance of preferred shares in the fourth quarter, partially offset by net losses recognized in other comprehensive income related to debt securities measured at FVOCI and net losses on cash flow hedges, and the redemption of preferred shares in the third quarter. For further details see the Capital management section.
34 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
Our capital strength protects our depositors and creditors from risks inherent in our businesses. Our overall capital management objective is to maintain a strong and efficient capital base that:
| Acts as a buffer to absorb unexpected losses while providing sustainable returns to our shareholders; |
| Enables our businesses to grow and execute on our strategy; |
| Demonstrates balance sheet strength and our commitment to prudent balance sheet management; and |
| Supports us in maintaining a favourable credit standing and raising additional capital or other funding on attractive terms. |
We actively manage our capital to meet these objectives in support of our overall enterprise strategy. We also consider the economic outlook, and the overall operating environment when deploying our capital and may choose to operate with greater levels of capital based on our view of potential downside risks.
Capital management and planning framework
We maintain a capital management policy that establishes our capital management principles in the context of our risk appetite to support our capital management objectives. Our capital management policy is reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors (the Board) in support of our Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP). The policy includes guidelines that relate to capital strength, capital mix, dividends and return of capital, and unconsolidated capital adequacy of regulated entities, based on regulatory requirements and our risk appetite. The level of capital and capital ratios are continually monitored relative to our regulatory minimums and internal targets and the amount of capital required may change in relation to our business growth, risk appetite, and the business and regulatory environment.
Capital planning is a crucial element of our overall financial planning process and establishment of strategic objectives and is developed in accordance with the capital management policy. Each year, a capital plan and three-year outlook are developed as part of the financial plan, which establishes targets for the coming year and business plans to achieve those targets. The capital plan is also stress-tested as a part of our enterprise-wide stress testing process to ensure CIBC is adequately capitalized through severe but plausible stress scenarios (see the Enterprise-wide stress testing section for further details). Our capital position and forecasts are monitored throughout the year and assessed against the capital plan.
The Board, with endorsement from the Risk Management Committee (RMC), provides oversight of CIBCs capital management through the approval of our risk appetite, capital policy and plan. The RMC is provided with regular updates on our capital position including performance to date, updated forecasts, and any material regulatory developments that may impact our future capital position. Treasury is responsible for the overall management of capital including planning, forecasting, and execution of the plan, with senior management oversight provided by the Global Asset Liability Committee (GALCO).
Enterprise-wide stress testing
We perform enterprise-wide stress testing on at least an annual basis. The results are an integral part of our ICAAP, as defined by Pillar 2 of the Basel III Accord, wherein we identify and measure our risks on an ongoing basis in order to ensure that the capital available is sufficient to cover all risks across CIBC, including the impacts of stress testing. We maintain a process that determines plausible but stressed economic scenarios such as global recessions and housing price shocks, and then apply these stress scenarios to our bank-wide exposures to determine the impact on the consolidated statement of income, RWA requirements, and consequently, key capital ratios. This helps us analyze the potential risks within our portfolios and establish prudent capital levels in excess of the regulatory minimum requirements. All of the elements of capital are monitored throughout the year and the capital plan is adjusted as appropriate.
Management determines the range of scenarios to be tested. Macroeconomic stress test scenarios are designed to be both severe and plausible and designed to be consistent with OSFIs stress testing framework to ensure that they are comprehensive.
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Managements discussion and analysis |
The following diagram summarizes the enterprise-wide stress testing process including the development of scenarios, identification of risk drivers and linkages to our other bank-wide ICAAP processes. The process includes syndication with our economists and lines of business to ensure scenarios are relevant to our businesses and there is a consistent interpretation of the scenarios across CIBC.
Stress test scenarios are designed to capture a wide range of macroeconomic and financial variables that are relevant to assess the impact on our specific portfolios. This includes, for example, GDP, unemployment, house prices, interest rates and equity prices.
The stress testing process is comprehensive, using a bottoms-up analysis of each of our bank-wide portfolios, and the results are analyzed on a product, location and sector basis. Our stress testing approach combines the use of statistical models and expert judgment to ensure the results are reasonable in estimating the impacts of the stress scenarios.
Stress testing methodologies and results are subject to a detailed review and challenge from both our lines of business and Risk Management. Stress testing results are presented for review to the RMC and are also shared with the Board and OSFI. The results of our enterprise-wide stress testing are used to highlight any vulnerabilities and ensure we remain well capitalized against regulatory and management expectations.
A key objective of the enterprise-wide stress tests is to identify key areas of exposure and foster discussion of management actions that would be taken to mitigate the impact of stress scenarios. Contingency planning and strategies for extreme stress scenarios are included in the development and maintenance of CIBCs recovery and resolution plans. These plans include credible remedial actions that may be considered to counteract and recover from stress, or promote CIBCs orderly resolution with limited systemic impacts. Additional information on stress testing is provided in the Management of risk section.
Recovery plan
FRFIs must maintain robust and credible recovery plans that identify options to restore financial strength and viability when under severe stress. CIBC continues to maintain and update its recovery plan in line with OSFI requirements and industry best practices.
Resolution plan
The Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation (CDIC) Resolution Planning By-law establishes a statutory framework pursuant to which domestic systemically important banks (D-SIBs) submit and maintain resolution plans that are critical to support resolvability and financial sector stability. CDIC, Canadas resolution authority for its member institutions, including D-SIBs, has issued guidance for the development, maintenance and testing of comprehensive resolution plans and related strategies to demonstrate their operational capability, thus ensuring resolvability can be achieved in an orderly fashion. CIBCs resolution plan has been developed and maintained in alignment with guidance and is in compliance with CDICs Resolution Planning By-law.
Regulatory capital requirements
Our regulatory capital requirements are determined in accordance with guidelines issued by OSFI, which are based upon the capital standards developed by the BCBS.
36 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
Regulatory capital consists of CET1, Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital. The tiers of regulatory capital indicate increasing quality/permanence and the ability to absorb losses. The major components of our regulatory capital are summarized as follows:
(1) | Excluding AOCI relating to cash flow hedges and changes to fair value option (FVO) liabilities attributable to changes in own credit risk. |
(2) | In response to the COVID 19 pandemic, OSFI has provided regulatory flexibility by implementing transitional arrangements for the treatment of expected loss provisioning, such that part of the allowances that would otherwise be included in Tier 2 capital will instead qualify for inclusion in CET1 capital subject to certain scalars and limitations until the end of fiscal 2022. The transitional arrangement will no longer apply in Q1 2023. See the Continuous enhancement to regulatory capital requirements section for additional details. |
Qualifying regulatory capital instruments must be capable of absorbing loss at the point of non-viability of the financial institution.
OSFI requires all institutions to achieve target capital ratios which include buffers. Targets may be higher for certain institutions at OSFIs discretion. CIBC has been designated by OSFI as a domestic systemically important bank (D-SIB) in Canada. D-SIBs are subject to a CET1 surcharge equal to 1.0% of RWA. In addition, OSFI expects D-SIBs to hold a Domestic Stability Buffer (DSB) requirement intended to address Pillar 2 risks that are not adequately captured in the Pillar 1 capital requirements. The DSB is currently set at 2.5% but can range from 0% to 2.5% of RWA. Additionally, banks need to hold an incremental countercyclical capital buffer equal to their weighted-average buffer requirement in Canada and across certain other jurisdictions where they have private sector credit exposures. OSFIs current targets are summarized below:
As at October 31, 2022 | Minimum | Capital conservation buffer |
D-SIB buffer |
Pillar 1 targets (1) |
Domestic Stability Buffer (2) |
Target including all buffer requirements |
||||||||||||||||||
CET1 ratio |
4.5 | % | 2.5 | % | 1.0 | % | 8.0 | % | 2.5 | % | 10.5 | % | ||||||||||||
Tier 1 capital ratio |
6.0 | % | 2.5 | % | 1.0 | % | 9.5 | % | 2.5 | % | 12.0 | % | ||||||||||||
Total capital ratio |
8.0 | % | 2.5 | % | 1.0 | % | 11.5 | % | 2.5 | % | 14.0 | % |
(1) | The countercyclical capital buffer applicable to CIBC is insignificant as at October 31, 2022. |
(2) | On June 22, 2022, OSFI announced the DSB will remain at 2.5% of total RWA. This level remains unchanged from October 31, 2021. |
In the first quarter of 2022, we increased the common equity allocated to our SBUs based on a target CET1 ratio of 11%, from 10% in 2021, for the
purpose of capital management. Further increases are possible as a result of the downside risks inherent in the economic outlook.
Capital adequacy requirements are applied on a consolidated basis consistent with our financial statements, except for our insurance subsidiaries (CIBC Cayman Reinsurance Limited and CIBC Life Insurance Company Limited), which are excluded from the regulatory scope of consolidation. The basis of consolidation applied to our financial statements is described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. CIBC Life Insurance Company Limited is subject to OSFIs Life Insurance Capital Adequacy Test.
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Risk-weighted assets
The following table provides a summary of permissible regulatory capital approaches and those adopted by CIBC:
(1) | Includes CCR. |
We also calculate a capital floor based on the standardized approaches. If our capital requirement is lower than that calculated by reference to the standardized approaches with a floor adjustment factor applied, currently at 70%, an adjustment to our RWA would be required.
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Managements discussion and analysis |
Continuous enhancement to regulatory capital requirements
The BCBS and OSFI have published a number of proposals for changes to the existing regulatory capital requirements to strengthen the regulation, supervision, and practices of banks, as well as to respond to changes in market conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the overall objective of enhancing financial stability. The discussion below provides a summary of BCBS and OSFI publications that have been issued since our 2021 Annual Report and transitional arrangements in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Basel III reforms and revised Pillar 3 disclosure requirements
On January 31, 2022, OSFI released final capital, leverage, liquidity and disclosure guidelines that incorporate the final Basel III reforms, as well as certain updates to the treatment of credit valuation adjustments (CVA), market risk hedges of other valuation adjustments of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives and management of operational risk. The implementation date for these changes is the second quarter of 2023, with the exceptions of revisions to the CVA and market risk frameworks, which is the first quarter of 2024. The revisions to the LAR Guideline will be implemented as of April 1, 2023. Primary changes include:
| Revisions to both the internal ratings-based (IRB) approach and standardized approach to credit risk; |
| Revised operational, market risk and CVA frameworks; |
| Updated CET1 capital deductions for certain assets; |
| An updated capital output floor based on the revised standardized approach noted above, with the phase-in of the floor factor over three years commencing in the second quarter of 2023; |
| Modification to the Leverage Ratio framework, including a buffer requirement for D-SIBs; and |
| Enhancements to the LAR Guideline, including changes to net cumulative cash flow (NCCF) requirements. |
OSFI also announced revisions to existing Pillar 3 disclosure to be implemented in the second quarter of 2023 and new Pillar 3 disclosure to be implemented in the fourth quarter of 2023 for D-SIBs.
On November 11, 2021, the BCBS published Revisions to market risk disclosure requirements, which included a number of adjustments to reflect the revised market risk framework introduced in January 2019. OSFI has not adopted the related changes and currently requires implementation of the 2019 market risk framework in the first quarter of 2024.
Transitional arrangements for the capital treatment of expected loss provisioning
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, OSFI introduced transitional arrangements for ECL provisioning that are available under the Basel Framework. These transitional arrangements were effective immediately upon being announced by OSFI on March 27, 2020 and result in a portion of allowances that would otherwise be included in Tier 2 capital qualifying for inclusion in CET1 capital. The amount of ECL allowances eligible for inclusion in CET1 capital is determined based on the increase in stage 1 and stage 2 allowances relative to balances as at January 31, 2020 as a baseline. This amount is then adjusted for tax effects and is subject to a scaling factor that decreases over time. The scaling factor has been set at 70% for fiscal 2020, 50% for fiscal 2021, and 25% for fiscal 2022. For exposures under the IRB approach, the lower of this amount and excess allowances otherwise eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 capital is included as CET1 capital under the transitional arrangements. The temporary transitional arrangements for ECL provisioning will no longer apply after October 31, 2022.
Leverage ratio
On April 9, 2020, OSFI announced temporary exclusion of central bank reserves and qualifying sovereign-issued securities from the leverage ratio exposure measure in response to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Starting January 1, 2022, the temporary exclusion of qualifying sovereign-issued securities from the leverage ratio exposure measure was no longer applicable. On September 13, 2022, OSFI announced that the temporary exclusion of central bank reserves from the leverage exposure measure will be no longer applicable effective April 1, 2023. As noted above, effective February 1, 2023, D-SIBs will be expected to have leverage ratios that meet or exceed 3.5%, including a leverage ratio buffer introduced under the modified Leverage Ratio framework as part of Basel III reforms.
We continue to monitor and prepare for developments impacting regulatory capital requirements and disclosures.
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Regulatory capital and ratios
The components of our regulatory capital and ratios under Basel III are presented in the table below:
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital: instruments and reserves |
||||||||
Directly issued qualifying common share capital plus related stock surplus |
$ | 14,841 | $ | 14,461 | ||||
Retained earnings |
28,823 | 25,793 | ||||||
AOCI (and other reserves) |
1,594 | 1,069 | ||||||
Common share capital issued by subsidiaries and held by third parties (amount allowed in group CET1) |
107 | 116 | ||||||
CET1 capital before regulatory adjustments |
45,365 | 41,439 | ||||||
CET1 capital: regulatory adjustments |
||||||||
Prudential valuation adjustments |
23 | 18 | ||||||
Goodwill (net of related tax liabilities) |
5,268 | 4,877 | ||||||
Other intangibles other than mortgage-servicing rights (net of related tax liabilities) |
2,289 | 1,737 | ||||||
Deferred tax assets excluding those arising from temporary differences (net of related tax liabilities) |
15 | 7 | ||||||
Defined benefit pension fund net assets (net of related tax liabilities) |
1,071 | 1,051 | ||||||
Other deductions or regulatory adjustments to CET1 as determined by OSFI (1) |
(170 | ) | (209 | ) | ||||
Other |
(136 | ) | 207 | |||||
Total regulatory adjustments to CET1 capital |
8,360 | 7,688 | ||||||
CET1 capital |
37,005 | 33,751 | ||||||
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital: instruments |
||||||||
Directly issued qualifying AT1 instruments plus related stock surplus (2) |
4,923 | 4,325 | ||||||
Directly issued capital instruments subject to phase out from AT1 (3) |
| 251 | ||||||
AT1 instruments issued by subsidiaries and held by third parties (amount allowed in AT1) |
18 | 17 | ||||||
AT1 capital |
4,941 | 4,593 | ||||||
Tier 1 capital (T1 = CET1 + AT1) |
41,946 | 38,344 | ||||||
Tier 2 capital: instruments and provisions |
||||||||
Directly issued qualifying Tier 2 instruments plus related stock surplus (4) |
5,716 | 4,945 | ||||||
Directly issued capital instruments subject to phase out from Tier 2 |
| 451 | ||||||
Tier 2 instruments issued by subsidiaries and held by third parties (amount allowed in Tier 2) |
25 | 22 | ||||||
General allowances |
576 | 440 | ||||||
Tier 2 capital (T2) |
6,317 | 5,858 | ||||||
Total capital (TC = T1 + T2) |
$ | 48,263 | $ | 44,202 | ||||
Total RWA |
$ | 315,634 | $ | 272,814 | ||||
Capital ratios |
||||||||
CET1 ratio |
11.7 | % | 12.4 | % | ||||
Tier 1 capital ratio |
13.3 | % | 14.1 | % | ||||
Total capital ratio |
15.3 | % | 16.2 | % |
(1) | Includes the impact of the ECL transitional arrangement announced by OSFI on March 27, 2020 in response to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The transitional arrangement results in a portion of ECL allowances that would otherwise be included in Tier 2 capital qualifying for inclusion in CET1 capital. The amount is subject to certain adjustments and limitations until the end of 2022. |
(2) | Comprised of non-viability contingent capital (NVCC) preferred shares and Limited Recourse Capital Notes (LRCN). |
(3) | Comprised of CIBC Tier 1 Notes Series B due June 30, 2108. On November 1, 2021, CIBC Capital Trust redeemed all $300 million of its Tier 1 Notes Series B. |
(4) | Comprised of certain debentures which qualify as NVCC. |
CET1 ratio
The CET1 ratio at October 31, 2022 decreased 0.7% from October 31, 2021, driven by the impact of an increase in RWA, partially offset by the increase in CET1 capital.
The increase in RWA was primarily due to increased book size from organic growth, the impact of foreign exchange translation, the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, increased operational risk levels and capital model updates.
The increase in CET1 capital was primarily the result of internal capital generation (net income less dividends and distributions) and the impact of foreign currency translation, partially offset by a decrease in AOCI related to debt securities measured at FVOCI and higher intangible assets including the impact from the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio.
Tier 1 capital ratio
The Tier 1 capital ratio at October 31, 2022 decreased 0.8% from October 31, 2021, primarily due to the factors affecting the CET1 ratio noted above, the redemption of Non-cumulative Class A Preferred Shares Series 45 (NVCC) (Series 45 shares) and the redemption of CIBC Tier 1 notes which were subject to phase-out rules for capital instruments. These factors are partially offset by the issuance of Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 3 (LRCN Series 3 Notes) and Non-cumulative Class A Preferred Shares Series 56 (NVCC) (Series 56 shares). See the Capital initiatives section below for further details.
Total capital ratio
The Total capital ratio at October 31, 2022 decreased 0.9% from October 31, 2021, primarily due to the factors affecting the Tier 1 capital ratio noted above and the phase-out of non-qualifying subordinated indebtedness, partially offset by a $1.0 billion issuance of Tier 2 capital instrument in the current year. See the Capital initiatives section below for further details.
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Managements discussion and analysis |
Movement in total regulatory capital
Changes in regulatory capital under Basel III are presented in the table below:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
CET1 capital |
| |||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 33,751 | $ | 30,876 | ||||
Shares issued in lieu of cash dividends (add back) |
153 | 132 | ||||||
Other issue of common shares |
248 | 326 | ||||||
Purchase of common shares for cancellation |
(29 | ) | | |||||
Premium on purchase of common shares for cancellation |
(105 | ) | | |||||
Net income attributable to equity shareholders |
6,220 | 6,429 | ||||||
Dividends and distributions |
(3,125 | ) | (2,780 | ) | ||||
Change in AOCI balances |
||||||||
Currency translation differences |
1,753 | (1,115 | ) | |||||
Securities measured at FVOCI |
(889 | ) | (43 | ) | ||||
Cash flow hedges (1) |
(799 | ) | (137 | ) | ||||
Fair value change of FVO liabilities attributable to changes in credit risk |
262 | 12 | ||||||
Post-employment defined benefit plans |
198 | 917 | ||||||
Removal of own credit spread (net of tax) |
(468 | ) | (9 | ) | ||||
Shortfall of allowance to expected losses |
| | ||||||
Goodwill and other intangible assets (deduction, net of related tax liabilities) |
(943 | ) | 225 | |||||
Other, including regulatory adjustments and transitional arrangements (1)(2) |
778 | (1,082 | ) | |||||
CET1 capital balance at end of year |
$ | 37,005 | $ | 33,751 | ||||
AT1 capital |
| |||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 4,593 | $ | 3,899 | ||||
AT1 eligible capital issues |
1,400 | 750 | ||||||
Impact of the cap on inclusion for instruments subject to phase out (3) |
(251 | ) | (51 | ) | ||||
Redeemed capital |
(800 | ) | | |||||
Other, including regulatory adjustments |
(1 | ) | (5 | ) | ||||
AT1 capital balance at end of year |
$ | 4,941 | $ | 4,593 | ||||
Tier 2 capital |
| |||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 5,858 | $ | 6,194 | ||||
New Tier 2 eligible capital issues |
1,000 | 1,000 | ||||||
Redeemed capital |
| (1,000 | ) | |||||
Impact of the cap on inclusion for instruments subject to phase out |
(451 | ) | (150 | ) | ||||
Other, including change in regulatory adjustments (2) |
(90 | ) | (186 | ) | ||||
Tier 2 capital balance at end of year |
$ | 6,317 | $ | 5,858 | ||||
Total capital balance at end of year |
$ | 48,263 | $ | 44,202 |
(1) | Net change in cash flow hedges is included in Change in AOCI balances then derecognized in Other, including regulatory adjustments and transitional arrangements. |
(2) | Includes the impact of the ECL transitional arrangement announced by OSFI on March 27, 2020 in response to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The transitional arrangement results in a portion of ECL allowances that would otherwise be included in Tier 2 capital qualifying for inclusion in CET1 capital. The amount is subject to certain adjustments and limitations until the end of fiscal 2022. |
(3) | On November 1, 2021, CIBC Capital Trust, a trust wholly owned by CIBC, redeemed all $300 million of its Tier 1 Notes Series B, of which $251 million was recognized as AT1 capital as at October 31, 2021. |
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Components of risk-weighted assets
The components of our RWA and corresponding minimum total capital requirements are presented in the table below:
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||
RWA | Minimum total capital required (1) |
RWA | Minimum total capital required (1) |
|||||||||||||
Credit risk (2) |
||||||||||||||||
Standardized approach |
||||||||||||||||
Corporate |
$ | 56,160 | $ | 4,493 | $ | 43,768 | $ | 3,501 | ||||||||
Sovereign |
1,446 | 116 | 1,418 | 113 | ||||||||||||
Banks |
446 | 36 | 382 | 31 | ||||||||||||
Real estate secured personal lending |
2,467 | 197 | 2,153 | 172 | ||||||||||||
Other retail |
3,824 | 306 | 976 | 78 | ||||||||||||
Trading book |
101 | 8 | 416 | 33 | ||||||||||||
Equity |
810 | 65 | 654 | 52 | ||||||||||||
Securitization |
557 | 44 | 768 | 61 | ||||||||||||
65,811 | 5,265 | 50,535 | 4,041 | |||||||||||||
AIRB approach (3) |
||||||||||||||||
Corporate |
108,472 | 8,678 | 92,808 | 7,425 | ||||||||||||
Sovereign (4) |
3,478 | 278 | 3,125 | 250 | ||||||||||||
Banks |
3,663 | 293 | 3,711 | 297 | ||||||||||||
Real estate secured personal lending |
27,396 | 2,192 | 22,508 | 1,801 | ||||||||||||
Qualifying revolving retail |
14,591 | 1,167 | 13,636 | 1,091 | ||||||||||||
Other retail |
11,358 | 909 | 9,525 | 762 | ||||||||||||
Equity |
686 | 55 | 564 | 45 | ||||||||||||
Trading book |
5,354 | 428 | 5,484 | 439 | ||||||||||||
Securitization |
1,810 | 145 | 1,246 | 100 | ||||||||||||
Adjustment for scaling factor |
10,500 | 840 | 9,082 | 727 | ||||||||||||
187,308 | 14,985 | 161,689 | 12,937 | |||||||||||||
Other credit RWA (5) |
13,261 | 1,061 | 12,913 | 1,033 | ||||||||||||
Total credit risk (before adjustment for CVA phase-in) |
266,380 | 21,311 | 225,137 | 18,011 | ||||||||||||
Market risk (Internal Models and IRB Approach) |
||||||||||||||||
VaR |
921 | 74 | 1,575 | 126 | ||||||||||||
Stressed VaR |
4,002 | 320 | 3,887 | 311 | ||||||||||||
Incremental risk charge |
1,426 | 114 | 2,583 | 206 | ||||||||||||
Securitization and other |
2,881 | 230 | 1,061 | 85 | ||||||||||||
Total market risk |
9,230 | 738 | 9,106 | 728 | ||||||||||||
Operational risk |
33,328 | 2,666 | 31,397 | 2,512 | ||||||||||||
Total RWA before adjustments for CVA phase-in |
$ | 308,938 | $ | 24,715 | $ | 265,640 | $ | 21,251 | ||||||||
CVA capital charge |
||||||||||||||||
Total RWA |
$ | 6,696 | $ | 536 | $ | 7,174 | $ | 574 | ||||||||
Total RWA after adjustments for CVA phase-in |
||||||||||||||||
Total RWA |
$ | 315,634 | $ | 25,251 | $ | 272,814 | $ | 21,825 |
(1) | Refers to the minimum standard established by the BCBS before the application of the capital conservation buffer and any other capital buffers that may be established by regulators from time to time. It is calculated by multiplying RWA by 8%. |
(2) | Credit risk includes CCR, which comprises derivative and repo-style transactions. Credit risk for CIBC Bank USA and CIBC FirstCaribbean are calculated under the standardized approach. |
(3) | Includes RWA relating to equity investments in funds and certain commercial loans which are determined using the supervisory slotting approach. |
(4) | Includes residential mortgages insured by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), an agency of the Government of Canada, and government-guaranteed student loans. |
(5) | Comprises RWA relating to derivative and repo-style transactions cleared through qualified central counterparties (QCCPs), settlement risk, and other assets that are subject to the credit risk framework but are not included in the standardized or IRB frameworks, including other balance sheet assets that are risk-weighted at 100%, significant investments in the capital of non-financial institutions that are risk-weighted at 1,250%, and amounts below the thresholds for deduction that are risk-weighted at 250%. |
The increase in credit risk RWA was primarily due to increased book size, the impact of foreign exchange translation, the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, and capital model updates.
The increase in market risk RWA was primarily driven by movement in risk levels, which includes changes in open positions and the market rates affecting these positions.
The increase in operational risk RWA was driven by changes in gross income, as defined by OSFI.
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Managements discussion and analysis |
Leverage ratio
The Basel III capital standards include a non-risk-based capital metric, the leverage ratio, to supplement risk-based capital requirements. The leverage ratio is defined as Tier 1 capital divided by the leverage ratio exposure. The leverage ratio exposure is defined under the standards as the sum of:
(i) | On-balance sheet assets less Tier 1 capital regulatory adjustments; |
(ii) | Derivative exposures; |
(iii) | Securities financing transaction exposures; and |
(iv) | Off-balance sheet exposures (such as commitments, direct credit substitutes, letters of credit, and securitization exposures). |
OSFI expects federally regulated deposit-taking institutions to have leverage ratios that meet or exceed 3.0%. This minimum may be higher for certain institutions at OSFIs discretion. See the Continuous enhancement to regulatory capital requirements section for recently announced capital measures impacting the leverage ratio.
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Tier 1 capital |
$ | 41,946 | $ | 38,344 | ||||
Leverage ratio exposure |
961,791 | 823,343 | ||||||
Leverage ratio |
4.4 | % | 4.7 | % |
The leverage ratio at October 31, 2022, decreased by 0.3% from October 31, 2021, as the impact of an increase in Tier 1 capital was more than offset by the impact of an increase in leverage ratio exposure. The increase in leverage ratio exposure was primarily driven by an increase in on-balance sheet exposures and the reversal of the temporary exclusion of qualifying sovereign-issued securities from the exposure measure.
Total loss absorbing capacity requirements
OSFI also requires D-SIBs to maintain a supervisory target total loss absorbing capacity (TLAC) ratio (which builds on the risk-based capital ratios) and a minimum TLAC leverage ratio (which builds on the leverage ratio).
TLAC is required to ensure that a non-viable D-SIB has sufficient loss absorbing capacity to support its recapitalization. This would, in turn, facilitate an orderly resolution of the D-SIB while minimizing adverse impacts on the financial sector stability and taxpayers. TLAC is defined as the aggregate of total capital and other TLAC instruments primarily comprised of bail-in eligible instruments with residual maturity greater than 365 days.
OSFI expects D-SIBs to have a minimum risk-based TLAC ratio of 21.5% plus the then applicable DSB requirement (2.5% as noted above), and a minimum TLAC leverage ratio of 6.75%, beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2022.
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
TLAC available |
$ | 95,136 | $ | 76,701 | ||||
Total RWA |
315,634 | 272,814 | ||||||
Leverage ratio exposure (1) |
961,791 | 823,343 | ||||||
TLAC ratio |
30.1 | % | 28.1 | % | ||||
TLAC leverage ratio |
9.9 | % | 9.3 | % |
(1) | The temporary exclusion of qualifying sovereign-issued securities from the leverage ratio exposure measure in response to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was no longer applicable beginning in the first quarter of 2022. Central bank reserves continue to be excluded from the measure. On September 13, 2022, OSFI announced that the temporary exclusion of central bank reserves from the leverage exposure measure will be no longer applicable effective April 1, 2023. |
The TLAC ratio at October 31, 2022 increased 2.0% from October 31, 2021, driven by the increase in TLAC, partially offset by the impact of an increase in RWA. The increase in TLAC was primarily due to issuances of bail-in eligible liabilities.
The TLAC leverage ratio at October 31, 2022 increased 0.6% from October 31, 2021, primarily due to an increase in TLAC, partially offset by an increase in the leverage ratio exposure as noted above.
Share split
In February 2022, CIBCs Board of Directors approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares to be effected through an amendment to CIBCs by-laws. On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved the Share Split. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented.
Capital initiatives
On March 13, 2020, following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, OSFI imposed temporary measures on FRFIs to cease dividend increases and share buybacks in order to ensure that the additional capital available is used to support Canadian lending activities. The temporary measures were lifted by OSFI effective November 4, 2021. The following were the main capital initiatives undertaken since our 2021 Annual Report:
Normal Course Issuer Bid (NCIB)
On December 9, 2021, we announced that the TSX had accepted the notice of our intention to commence a NCIB. Purchases under this bid will be completed upon the earlier of: (i) CIBC purchasing 20 million common shares (on a post share split basis); (ii) CIBC providing a notice of termination; or (iii) December 12, 2022. For the year ended October 31, 2022, we purchased and cancelled 1,800,000 common shares (on a post share split basis) at an average price of $74.43 for a total amount of $134 million, all of which occurred during the first quarter.
Employee share purchase plan
Pursuant to the employee share purchase plan, we issued 2,302,876 common shares (on a post share split basis) for consideration of $163 million for the year ended October 31, 2022.
Shareholder investment plan
Pursuant to the shareholder investment plan, we issued 2,272,831 common shares (on a post share split basis) for consideration of $153 million for the year ended October 31, 2022.
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Dividends
Our quarterly common share dividend was increased from $0.805 per share to $0.830 per share for the quarter ending July 31, 2022.
On November 30, 2022, the CIBC Board of Directors approved an increase in our quarterly common share dividend from $0.830 per share to $0.850 per share for the quarter ending January 31, 2023.
Common and preferred share dividends are declared quarterly at the discretion of the Board. The declaration and payment of dividends is governed by Section 79 of the Bank Act (Canada), the terms of the preferred shares, as explained in Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements.
Subordinated indebtedness
On April 7, 2022, we issued $1.0 billion principal amount of 4.20% Debentures due April 7, 2032 (subordinated indebtedness). The Debentures bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.20% per annum (paid semi-annually) until April 7, 2027, and at Daily Compounded Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average (CORRA) plus 1.69% per annum (paid quarterly) thereafter until maturity on April 7, 2032. The debenture qualifies as Tier 2 capital.
Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 3 (LRCN Series 3 Notes)
On June 15, 2022, we issued $800 million principal amount of 7.150% LRCN Series 3 Notes (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness). The LRCN Series 3 Notes mature on July 28, 2082, and bear interest at a fixed rate of 7.150% per annum (paid semi-annually) until July 28, 2027. Starting on July 28, 2027, and every five years thereafter until July 28, 2077, the interest rate will be reset to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 4.000% per annum.
Concurrently with the issuance of the LRCN Series 3 Notes, we issued Non-Cumulative 5-Year Fixed Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 55 (NVCC) (Series 55 shares), which are held in a CIBC LRCN Limited Recourse Trust (the Limited Recourse Trust) that is consolidated by CIBC and, as a result, the Series 55 shares are eliminated in CIBCs consolidated financial statements. In the event of non-payment by CIBC of the principal amount of, interest on, or redemption price for, the LRCN Series 3 Notes when due, the sole remedy of each LRCN Series 3 Note holder is limited to that holders proportionate share of the Series 55 shares held in the Limited Recourse Trust. Subject to regulatory approval, we may redeem the LRCN Series 3 Notes, in whole or in part, every five years during the period from June 28 to and including July 28, commencing on June 28, 2027, at par.
The LRCN Series 3 Notes and the Series 55 shares carry standard NVCC provisions necessary for them to qualify as additional Tier 1 regulatory capital under Basel III. Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, each Series 55 share held in the Limited Recourse Trust will automatically and immediately be converted, without the consent of LRCN Series 3 Note holders, into a variable number of common shares that will be delivered to LRCN Series 3 Note holders in satisfaction of the principal amount of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the LRCN Series 3 Notes. All claims of LRCN Series 3 Note holders against CIBC under the LRCN Series 3 Notes will be extinguished upon receipt of such common shares.
The LRCN Series 3 Notes are compound instruments with both equity and liability features as payments of interest and principal in cash are made at our discretion, as the sole recourse of each LRCN Series 3 Note holder in the event of non-payment will be limited to that holders proportionate share of the Series 55 shares held in the Limited Recourse Trust. The liability component of the LRCN Series 3 Notes has a nominal value and, as a result, the full proceeds received upon the issuance of the LRCN Series 3 Notes have been presented as equity on the consolidated balance sheet and any interest payments paid thereon are accounted for as equity distributions.
Preferred shares
On July 29, 2022, we redeemed all 32 million Non-cumulative Class A Preferred Shares Series 45 (NVCC) (Series 45 shares), at a redemption price of $25.00 per Series 45 share, for a total redemption cost of $800 million.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 56 (NVCC) (Series 56 shares)
On September 16, 2022, we issued 600,000 Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 56 (NVCC) (Series 56 shares) with a par value of $1,000.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $600 million. For the initial five-year period to October 28, 2027, the Series 56 shares pay semi-annual cash dividends on the 28th day of April and October in each year, as declared, at a rate of 7.361%. The first dividend, if declared, will be payable on April 28, 2023. On October 28, 2027, and on October 28 every five years thereafter, the dividend rate will reset to be equal to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 4.20%.
Subject to regulatory approval and certain provisions of the shares, we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 56 shares at par during the period from September 28, 2027 to and including October 28, 2027 and during the period from September 28 to and including October 28 every five years thereafter.
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Outstanding share data
The table below provides a summary of our outstanding shares, NVCC capital instruments, and the maximum number of common shares issuable on conversion/exercise:
Shares outstanding | Minimum conversion price per common share (1) |
Maximum number issuable on |
||||||||||||||
$ millions, except number of shares and per share amounts, as at November 25, 2022 | Number of shares |
Amount | ||||||||||||||
Common shares |
906,218,463 | $ | 14,735 | |||||||||||||
Treasury shares common shares |
(68,633 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||||||||||
Preferred shares (2)(3) |
||||||||||||||||
Series 39 (NVCC) |
16,000,000 | $ | 400 | $ | 2.50 | 160,000,000 | ||||||||||
Series 41 (NVCC) |
12,000,000 | 300 | 2.50 | 120,000,000 | ||||||||||||
Series 43 (NVCC) |
12,000,000 | 300 | 2.50 | 120,000,000 | ||||||||||||
Series 47 (NVCC) |
18,000,000 | 450 | 2.50 | 180,000,000 | ||||||||||||
Series 49 (NVCC) |
13,000,000 | 325 | 2.50 | 130,000,000 | ||||||||||||
Series 51 (NVCC) |
10,000,000 | 250 | 2.50 | 100,000,000 | ||||||||||||
Series 56 (NVCC) |
600,000 | 600 | 2.50 | 240,000,000 | ||||||||||||
Treasury shares preferred shares (2)(3) |
(1,995 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||||||||||
Limited recourse capital notes (3)(4) |
||||||||||||||||
4.375% Limited recourse capital notes Series 1 (NVCC) |
n/a | 750 | 2.50 | 300,000,000 | ||||||||||||
4.000% Limited recourse capital notes Series 2 (NVCC) |
n/a | 750 | 2.50 | 300,000,000 | ||||||||||||
7.150% Limited recourse capital notes Series 3 (NVCC) |
n/a | 800 | 2.50 | 320,000,000 | ||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness (3)(5) |
||||||||||||||||
3.45% Debentures due April 4, 2028 (NVCC) |
n/a | 1,500 | 2.50 | 900,000,000 | ||||||||||||
2.95% Debentures due June 19, 2029 (NVCC) |
n/a | 1,500 | 2.50 | 900,000,000 | ||||||||||||
2.01% Debentures due July 21, 2030 (NVCC) |
n/a | 1,000 | 2.50 | 600,000,000 | ||||||||||||
1.96% Debentures due April 21, 2031 (NVCC) |
n/a | 1,000 | 2.50 | 600,000,000 | ||||||||||||
4.20% Debentures due April 7, 2032 (NVCC) |
n/a | 1,000 | 2.50 | 600,000,000 | ||||||||||||
Stock options outstanding |
11,412,239 |
(1) | The minimum conversion price per common share for CIBCs outstanding NVCC instruments, including NVCC preferred shares, NVCC subordinated debentures and NVCC LRCN have been adjusted from $5.00 to $2.50 to account for the Share Split in accordance with the terms and conditions of the NVCC instruments. |
(2) | Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, each share is convertible into a number of common shares, determined by dividing the par value of $25.00 ($1,000 in the case of Series 56 shares) plus declared and unpaid dividends by the average common share price (as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement) subject to a minimum price per share (subject to adjustment in certain events as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement, including a share split). Preferred shareholders do not have the right to convert their shares into common shares. |
(3) | The maximum number of common shares issuable on conversion excludes the impact of declared but unpaid dividends and accrued interest. |
(4) | Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, the Series 53, 54 and 55 Preferred Shares held in the Limited Recourse Trust in support of the LRCN are convertible into a number of common shares, determined by dividing the par value of $1,000 by the average common share price (as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement) subject to a minimum price per common share (subject to adjustment in certain events as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement, including a share split). |
(5) | Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, the Debentures are convertible into a number of common shares, determined by dividing 150% of the par value plus accrued and unpaid interest by the average common share price (as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement) subject to a minimum price per common share (subject to adjustment in certain events as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement, including a share split). |
n/a | Not applicable. |
The occurrence of a Trigger Event would result in conversion of all of the outstanding NVCC instruments described above, which would represent a dilution impact of 86% based on the number of CIBC common shares outstanding as at October 31, 2022. As described in the CAR Guideline, a Trigger Event occurs when OSFI determines the bank is or is about to become non-viable and, if after conversion of all contingent instruments and consideration of any other relevant factors or circumstances, it is reasonably likely that its viability will be restored or maintained; or if the bank has accepted or agreed to accept a capital injection or equivalent support from a federal or provincial government, without which OSFI would have determined the bank to be non-viable.
In addition to the potential dilution impacts related to the NVCC instruments discussed above, as at October 31, 2022, $55,111 million (2021: $32,643 million) of our outstanding liabilities were subject to conversion to common shares under the bail-in regime. Under the bail-in regime, there is no fixed and pre-determined contractual conversion ratio for the conversion of the specified eligible shares and liabilities of CIBC that are subject to a bail-in conversion into common shares, nor are there specific requirements regarding whether liabilities subject to a bail-in conversion are converted into common shares of CIBC or any of its affiliates. CDIC determines the timing of the bail-in conversion, the portion of the specified eligible shares and liabilities to be converted and the terms and conditions of the conversion, subject to parameters set out in the bail-in regime. See the Total loss absorbing capacity requirements section for further details.
Preferred share and other equity instruments rights and privileges
See Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements for details on our preferred share and other equity instruments rights and privileges.
Off-balance sheet arrangements
We enter into off-balance sheet arrangements in the normal course of our business. We consolidate all of our sponsored trusts that securitize our own assets.
Non-consolidated structured entities (SEs)
We manage and administer a single-seller conduit and several CIBC-sponsored multi-seller conduits in Canada. The multi-seller conduits acquire direct or indirect ownership or security interests in pools of financial assets from our clients and finance the acquisitions by issuing asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) to investors. The single-seller conduit acquires financial assets and finances these acquisitions through a credit facility provided by a syndicate of financial institutions. The sellers to the conduits may continue to service the assets and may be exposed to credit losses realized on these assets, typically through the provision of over-collateralization or another form of credit enhancement. The conduits may obtain credit enhancement from third-party providers.
We provide the multi-seller conduits with commercial paper backstop liquidity facilities, securities distribution, and provide both the single and multi-seller conduits with accounting, cash management, and operations services. The liquidity facilities for the managed and administered multi-seller
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conduits require us to provide funding, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions with respect to the conduits, for ABCP not placed with external investors. We may also purchase ABCP issued by the multi-seller conduits for market-making purposes.
We are required to maintain certain short-term and/or long-term debt ratings with respect to the liquidity facilities that we provide to the sponsored multi-seller conduits. If we are downgraded below the level specified under the terms of those facilities, we must provide alternative satisfactory liquidity arrangements, such as procuring an alternative liquidity provider that meets the minimum rating requirements.
We may also act as the counterparty to derivative contracts entered into by a multi-seller conduit in order to convert the yield of the underlying assets to match the needs of the multi-seller conduits investors or to mitigate the interest rate, basis, and currency risk within the conduit.
We earn fees for providing services related to the non-consolidated single-seller and multi-seller conduits, such as backstop liquidity facilities, distribution, transaction structuring, and conduit administration. These fees totalled $70 million in 2022 (2021: $71 million). All fees earned in respect of activities with the conduits are on a market basis.
As at October 31, 2022, the amount funded for the various asset types in the multi-seller conduits amounted to $9.3 billion (2021: $7.5 billion). The estimated weighted-average life of these assets was 1.8 years (2021: 2.0 years). Our holdings of commercial paper issued by the non-consolidated sponsored multi-seller conduits that offer commercial paper to external investors were $642 million (2021: $35 million). Our committed backstop liquidity facilities to these conduits were $11.7 billion (2021: $10.6 billion). We also provided credit facilities of $50 million (2021: $50 million) to these conduits.
We participated in a syndicated facility of $700 million to the single-seller conduit that provides funding to franchisees of a major Canadian retailer, which will mature in April 2025. Our portion of the commitment was $130 million (2021: $130 million), of which $98 million (2021: $106 million) was funded as at October 31, 2022.
We engage one or more of the four major rating agencies, DBRS Limited (DBRS), Fitch Ratings Inc. (Fitch), Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys), and S&P, to opine on the credit ratings of asset-backed securities (ABS) issued by our sponsored multi-seller conduits. In the event that ratings differ between rating agencies, we use the lower rating.
We also have investments in and provide loans, liquidity and credit facilities to certain other third-party and CIBC-managed SEs. The on-balance sheet exposure related to these SEs is included in the consolidated financial statements.
We provide interim and term senior financing to third-party SEs for the purpose of purchasing loans during the warehousing phase for future securitization. As senior lenders we are repaid by proceeds from the issuance of debt securities to external investors when the securitization closes or by the cash flows from the repayment of the underlying assets held by the SE or alternative financing obtained by the SE from third-party lenders.
Our on- and off-balance sheet amounts related to the SEs that are not consolidated are set out in the table below. For additional details on our SEs, see Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments and loans (1) |
Liquidity, credit facilities and commitments |
Written credit derivatives (2) |
Investments and loans (1) |
Liquidity, credit facilities and commitments |
Written credit derivatives (2) |
|||||||||||||||||||
Single-seller and multi-seller conduits |
$ | 740 | $ | 8,682 | (3) | $ | | $ | 141 | $ | 7,539 | (3) | $ | | ||||||||||
Third-party structured vehicles |
5,005 | 2,638 | | 3,838 | 2,016 | | ||||||||||||||||||
Loan warehouse financing |
8,898 | 2,700 | | 3,245 | 921 | | ||||||||||||||||||
Other |
601 | 308 | 80 | 394 | 129 | 87 |
(1) | Excludes securities issued by, retained interest in, and derivatives with entities established by CMHC, Federal National Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Government National Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Farm Credit Bank, and Student Loan Marketing Association. $3 million (2021: $3 million) of the exposures related to structured vehicles run-off were hedged. |
(2) | Disclosed amounts reflect the outstanding notional of written credit derivatives. The negative fair value recorded on the consolidated balance sheet was $45 million (2021: $54 million). Notional of $75 million (2021: $82 million) was hedged with credit derivatives protection from third parties. The fair value of these hedges net of CVA was $40 million (2021: $49 million). An additional notional of $5 million (2021: $5 million) was hedged through a limited recourse note. |
(3) | Excludes an additional $2.4 billion (2021: $3.0 billion) relating to our backstop liquidity facilities provided to the multi-seller conduits as part of their commitment to fund purchases of additional assets. Also excludes $642 million (2021: $35 million) of our direct investments in the multi-seller conduits which we consider investment exposure. |
Other financial transactions
We are the sponsor of several mutual and pooled funds, in the form of trusts. We are the administrator of these funds. In addition, we may act in other capacities, including custodian, trustee and broker. We earn fees at market rates from these trusts. We do not guarantee either principal or returns to investors in these funds. We act as a trustee of a number of personal trusts and have a fiduciary responsibility to act in the best interests of the beneficiaries of the trusts. We earn a fee for acting as a trustee. We also participate in transactions to modify the cash flows of trusts managed by third-party asset managers to create investments with specific risk profiles, or to assist clients in the efficient management of other risks. Typically, these involve the use of derivative products, which transfer the risks and returns to or from a trust.
Derivatives
We participate in derivatives transactions, as a market maker facilitating the needs of our clients or as a principal to manage the risks associated with our funding, investing and trading strategies. All derivatives are recorded at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet. See Notes 12 and 23 to the consolidated financial statements for details on derivative contracts and the risks associated with them.
Credit-related arrangements
Credit-related arrangements are generally off-balance sheet instruments and are typically entered into to meet the financing needs of clients. In addition, there are certain exposures for which we could be obligated to extend credit that are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. For additional details of these arrangements, see the Liquidity risk section and Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements.
Guarantees
A guarantee is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor failed to make payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument. Guarantees include credit derivatives protection sold and standby and performance letters of credit, as discussed in Notes 12 and 21 to the consolidated financial statements, respectively.
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We have provided certain disclosures required under IFRS 7 Financial Instruments Disclosures (IFRS 7) related to the nature and extent of risks arising from financial instruments in the MD&A, as permitted by that IFRS standard. These disclosures are included in the Risk overview, Credit risk, Market risk, Liquidity risk, Operational risk, Reputation and legal risks, Conduct risk, and Regulatory compliance risk sections.
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CIBC faces a wide variety of risks across all of its areas of business. Identifying and understanding risks and their impact allows CIBC to frame its risk appetite and risk management practices. Defining acceptable levels of risk, and establishing sound principles, policies and practices for managing risks, is fundamental to achieving consistent and sustainable long-term performance, while remaining within our risk appetite.
Our risk appetite defines tolerance levels for various risks. This is the foundation for our risk management culture and our risk management framework.
Our risk management framework includes:
| CIBC, SBU, functional group-level and regional risk appetite statements; |
| Risk frameworks, policies, procedures and limits to align activities with our risk appetite; |
| Regular risk reports to identify and communicate risk levels; |
| An independent control framework to identify and test the design and operating effectiveness of our key controls; |
| Stress testing to consider the potential impact of changes in the business environment on capital, liquidity and earnings; |
| Proactive consideration of risk mitigation options in order to optimize results; and |
| Oversight through our risk-focused committees and governance structure. |
Managing risk is a shared responsibility at CIBC. Business units and risk management professionals work in collaboration to ensure that business strategies and activities are consistent with our risk appetite. CIBCs approach to enterprise-wide risk management aligns with the three lines of defence model:
(i) | As the first line of defence, CIBCs Management, in SBUs and functional groups own the risks and are accountable and responsible for identifying and assessing risks inherent in its activities in accordance with the CIBC risk appetite. In addition, Management establishes and maintains controls to mitigate such risks. Management may include governance groups within the business to facilitate the Control Framework and other risk-related processes. A Governance Group refers to a group within Business Unit Management (first line of defence) whose focus is to manage governance, risk and control activities on behalf of that Business Unit Management. A Governance Group is considered first line of defence, in conjunction with Business Unit Management. Control Groups are groups with enterprise-wide accountability for specific risk type and are also considered first line of defence. They provide subject matter expertise to Management and/or implement/maintain enterprise-wide control programs and activities for their domain area (for example Information Security). While Control Groups collaborate with Management in identifying and managing risk, they also challenge risk decisions and risk mitigation strategies. |
(ii) | The second line of defence is independent from the first line of defence and provides an enterprise-wide view of specific risk types, guidance and effective challenge to risk and control activities. Risk Management is the primary second line of defence. Risk Management may leverage subject matter expertise of other groups (e.g., third parties or Control Groups) to inform their independent assessments, as appropriate. |
(iii) | As the third line of defence, CIBCs Internal Audit is responsible for providing reasonable assurance to senior management and the Audit Committee of the Board on the effectiveness of CIBCs governance practices, risk management processes, and Internal Control as a part of its risk-based audit plan and in accordance with its mandate as described in the Internal Audit Charter. |
A strong risk culture and communication between the three lines of defence are important characteristics of effective risk management.
We continuously monitor our risk profile against our defined risk appetite and related limits, taking action as needed to maintain an appropriate balance of risk and return. Monitoring our risk profile includes forward-looking analysis of sensitivity to local and global market factors, economic conditions, and geopolitical and regulatory environments that influence our overall risk profile.
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Regular and transparent risk reporting and discussion at senior management committees facilitates communication of risks and discussion of risk management strategies across the organization.
Board of Directors (the Board): The Board oversees the enterprise-wide risk management program through approval of our risk appetite, Control Framework and supporting risk management policies and limits. The Board accomplishes its mandate through its Audit, Risk Management, Management Resources and Compensation, and Corporate Governance committees, described below.
Audit Committee (AC): The Audit Committee reviews the overall design and operating effectiveness of internal controls and the control environment, including controls over financial reporting. The Audit Committee also has oversight of the underlying processes and controls of the ESG disclosures in our Annual Report and our Sustainability Report.
Risk Management Committee (RMC): This committee assists the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities for defining CIBCs risk appetite and overseeing CIBCs risk profile and performance against the defined risk appetite. This includes oversight of key frameworks, policies and risk limits related to the identification, measurement and monitoring of CIBCs principal business risks.
Management Resources and Compensation Committee (MRCC): This committee is responsible for assisting the Board in its global oversight of CIBCs human capital strategy, including talent and total rewards, and the alignment with CIBCs strategy, risk appetite and controls.
Corporate Governance Committee (CGC): This committee is responsible for assisting the Board in fulfilling its corporate governance oversight responsibilities and oversight of the ESG strategy.
Executive Committee (ExCo): The ExCo, led by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and including selected executives reporting directly to the CEO, is responsible for setting business strategy and for monitoring, evaluating and managing risks across CIBC. The ExCo is supported by the following management governance committees:
| Global Asset Liability Committee (GALCO): This committee, which comprises members from the ExCo and senior Treasury, Risk Management and lines of business executives, provides oversight regarding capital management, funding and liquidity management, and asset/liability management (ALM). It also provides strategic direction regarding structural interest rate risk (SIRR) and structural foreign exchange risk postures, approval of funds transfer pricing policies/parameters and approval of wholesale funding plans. |
| Global Risk Committee (GRC): This committee, which comprises selected members of the ExCo and senior leaders from the lines of business, Risk Management and other functional groups, provides a forum for discussion and oversight of risk appetite, risk profile and risk mitigation strategies. Key activities include reviewing and providing input regarding CIBCs risk appetite statements; monitoring risk profile against risk appetite; reviewing and evaluating business activities in the context of risk appetite; and identifying, reviewing, and advising on current and emerging risk issues and associated mitigation plans. |
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The Risk Management group, led by our Chief Risk Officer (CRO), is responsible for setting risk strategies and for providing independent oversight of the businesses. Risk Management works to identify, assess, mitigate, monitor and control risks associated with business activities and strategies, and is responsible for providing an effective challenge to the lines of business.
The current structure is illustrated below:
The Risk Management group performs several important activities including:
| Developing our risk appetite and associated management control metrics; |
| Setting risk strategy to manage risks in alignment with our risk appetite and business strategy; |
| Establishing and communicating risk frameworks, policies, procedures and limits to mitigate risks in alignment with risk strategy; |
| Measuring, monitoring and reporting on risk levels; |
| Identifying and assessing emerging and potential strategic risks; |
| Reviewing transactions that fall outside of risk limits delegated to business lines; and |
| Ensuring compliance with applicable regulatory and anti-money laundering (AML) requirements. |
The following key groups within Risk Management, independent of the originating businesses, contribute to our management of risk:
| Capital Markets Risk Management This group provides independent oversight of the measurement, monitoring and control of market risks (both trading and non-trading), and trading credit risk (also called counterparty credit risk) across CIBCs portfolios, and effective challenge and sound risk management oversight to Treasury, including with respect to liquidity and funding risk management and SIRR management. |
| Global Credit Risk Management This group is responsible for the adjudication and oversight of credit risks associated with CIBCs commercial, corporate and wealth management activities, management of the risks in our investment portfolios, as well as management of special loan portfolios. |
| Global Operational Risk Management This group is responsible for designing and implementing effective operational risk management and control programs, and providing effective challenge to and monitoring of all operational risks globally, including (but not limited to) technology risk, information security (including cyber) risk, fraud risk, model risk, and third-party risk. In addition, the team has global accountability for corporate risk insurance programs, reputation risks, risk policy and governance, and risk transformation programs. |
| Risk Analytics and Credit Decisioning This group manages credit risk in personal and business products (such as residential mortgages, credit cards, personal loans/lines of credit, indirect auto lending, small business loans) offered through various distribution channels and performs analytics to optimize retail credit performance, along with collections and AML outcomes. |
| Enterprise Risk Management This group is responsible for enterprise-wide analysis, including the measuring and monitoring of risk appetite, enterprise-wide stress testing and reporting, credit loss reporting, risk models and model quantification, economic and regulatory capital methodologies, as well as risk data management. In addition, this group identifies and manages environmental risk, including transaction-specific environmental and related social risk, and the physical and transition risks associated with climate change. |
| Compliance and Global Regulatory Affairs This group is responsible for designing and implementing an effective enterprise-wide framework to manage and mitigate regulatory compliance risk. In addition, it provides oversight of conduct and culture risk, including sales practice risk and performs effective challenge of compensation plan changes. This group also builds and maintains credible relationships with our prudential, market, conduct and securities regulators and acts as a liaison between the regulators and CIBC. |
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| Enterprise Anti-Money Laundering This group is responsible for all aspects of compliance with and oversight of requirements relating to AML, anti-terrorist financing (ATF), and sanctions measures. Enterprise Anti-Money Laundering provides advice to all businesses and functional groups globally and is responsible for providing an enterprise-wide view of money laundering, terrorist financing and sanctions risks, as well as guidance and effective independent challenge to control activities. Furthermore, Enterprise Anti-Money Laundering executes a risk-based approach to deter, detect and report suspected money laundering, terrorist financing and sanctioned activities, in accordance with their policies and supporting standards. |
| Europe and Asia-Pacific Risk Management This group carries out the mandate of CIBC Risk Management at a regional level under the leadership of the Senior Vice-President & Chief Risk Officer, Europe & APAC Region, with oversight from the Management Committees and CIBC Luxembourg Board. The group provides independent oversight for the identification, management, measurement, monitoring and mitigation of risks in Europe and Asia. |
| U.S. Risk Management This group carries out the mandate of CIBC Risk Management at a regional level under the leadership of the U.S. CRO, with oversight from the Risk Management Committee of the CIBC Board and the Risk Committees of the Boards of CIBC Bank USA and CIBC Bancorp USA Inc. The group provides independent oversight for the identification, management, measurement, monitoring and mitigation of risks in the U.S. region. |
Our risk management process is illustrated below:
Our risk appetite statement defines the amount of risk we are willing to assume in pursuit of our strategic and financial objectives. Our guiding principle is to practice sound risk management, supported by strong capital and funding positions, as we pursue our client-focused strategy. In defining our risk appetite, we take into consideration our purpose, vision, values, strategy and objectives, along with our risk capacity (defined by regulatory constraints). It defines how we conduct business, which is to be consistent with the following objectives:
| Safeguarding our reputation and brand; |
| Doing the right thing for our clients/stakeholders; |
| Engaging in client-oriented businesses that we understand; |
| Make our clients goals our own in a professional and radically simple manner; |
| Maintaining a balance between risk and returns; |
| Retaining a prudent attitude towards tail and event risk; |
| Meeting regulatory expectations and/or identifying and having plans in place to address any issues in a timely manner; |
| Achieving/maintaining an AA rating; and |
| Meeting/exceeding stakeholders expectations with respect to the ESG criteria including achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions. |
Our risk appetite statement contains metrics with limits that define our risk tolerance levels. In addition, we have SBU, functional group and regional risk appetite statements that are integrated with our overall risk appetite statement that further articulate our business level risk tolerances.
Our risk appetite statement is reviewed annually in conjunction with our strategic, financial and capital planning cycle to ensure alignment and is approved annually by the Board. To help ensure CIBC stays within its risk appetite, the Board, RMC and senior management regularly receive and review reporting on our risk profile against the risk appetite limits.
All strategic business decisions, as well as day-to-day business decisions, are governed by our risk appetite framework. Strategic decisions are evaluated to ensure that the risk exposure is within our risk appetite. Day-to-day activities and decisions are governed by our framework of risk tolerance limits, policies, standards and procedures that support our risk appetite statement.
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Risk culture
Risk culture refers to desired attitudes and behaviours relative to risk management practices. At CIBC, we strive to achieve a consistent and effective risk culture by:
| Promoting, through both formal and informal channels, a shared accountability of risk identification, management and mitigation; |
| Cultivating an environment of transparency, open communication and robust discussion of risk; |
| Setting the appropriate tone at the top through clear communication and reinforcement; and |
| Identifying and reinforcing behaviours that are aligned with risk appetite, and escalating misaligned behaviours. |
Every year, all employees are required to complete formal training on risk appetite, reputation risk, operational risk, code of conduct, AML and other key risk topics. By taking this mandatory training, all employees strengthen their basic knowledge of risk management in support of our risk culture. This training is supplemented by our risk appetite statement, risk management priorities and documents on our internal website. In addition, we have policies, procedures and limits in place that govern our day-to-day business activity, with escalation procedures for limit breaches outlined accordingly.
Risk input into performance and compensation
Throughout the year, the Risk Management team manages various compensation risk reviews. These reviews are part of the second line of defence responsibilities to review and challenge new compensation plans, changes to existing compensation plans and compensation plan closure. In addition, periodic risk reviews are completed to ensure all compensation plans are risk assessed on a regular basis. All compensation plans are rated as either high-risk or low-risk with high-risk compensation plans requiring approval from the CRO.
At each year-end, Risk Management provides an assessment of adherence to risk appetite and material risk matters across CIBC. Risk Management also considers a number of risk inputs to identify matters that may directly impact incentive pools and/or individual compensation awards and/or performance ratings. Annually, Risk Management reviews the assessment with both the RMC and the MRCC.
The MRCC oversees the performance management and compensation process and is responsible for assisting the Board in its global oversight of CIBCs human capital strategy, including talent and total rewards, and the alignment with CIBCs strategy, risk appetite and controls. The MRCCs oversight of human capital strategy includes inclusion and diversity, employee health, safety and wellbeing and other ESG practices related to their mandate. The MRCCs key compensation-related responsibilities include:
| Approving CIBCs compensation philosophy and any material changes to CIBCs compensation principles or practices; |
| Approving new material compensation policies and material changes to existing material compensation policies; |
| Reviewing and recommending for Board approval new material compensation plans or changes to existing material compensation plans; |
| Reviewing a report on non-material plans; |
| Assessing the appropriateness and alignment of compensation relative to actual business performance and risks; |
| Reviewing and recommending for Board approval incentive compensation funding and allocations, based on an assessment of business performance and risk; |
| Reviewing and recommending for Board approval individual compensation target and compensation for the ExCo, including the CEO and other key officers; and |
| Approving individual compensation for employees with total direct compensation above a certain materiality threshold. |
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Our risk policies and limits framework is intended to ensure that risks are appropriately identified, measured, monitored and controlled in accordance with our risk appetite. For most risks, we have developed an overarching framework document that sets out the key principles for managing the associated risks and our key risk policies and limits. This framework is supported by standards, guidelines, processes, procedures and controls that govern day-to-day activities in our businesses. Oversight is provided by management committees, as well as the Board/Board committees.
Key risk policies and management committees are illustrated below:
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Risk identification and measurement
Risk identification and measurement are important elements of CIBCs risk management framework. Risk identification is a continuous process, generally achieved through:
| Regular assessment of risks associated with lending and trading credit exposures; |
| Ongoing monitoring of trading and non-trading portfolios; |
| Assessment of risks in new business activities and processes; |
| Assessment of risks in complex and unusual business transactions; |
| Regular monitoring of the overall risk profile considering market developments and trends, and external and internal events; and |
| Ongoing monitoring of management operations and processes. |
Risk Management maintains a Risk Register to list all material risks facing CIBC. The inventory is based on the risks inherent in our businesses and updated through various processes, illustrated in the following chart, to reflect changes in the nature of the risks we are facing. The Risk Register is used to support our ICAAP, either explicitly in the economic and regulatory capital calculations, or implicitly through the buffer of actual capital over economic capital and regulatory capital.
The decision to register a new risk is based on its risk assessment through our risk identification processes and includes criteria such as severity, measurability and probability. Furthermore, the decision on the amount of capital allocated to cover the new risk brought on the books will take into consideration the effectiveness and impact of the risk mitigants available.
We have enterprise-wide methodologies, models and techniques in place to measure both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of risks, appropriate for the various types of risks we face. These methodologies, models and techniques are subject to independent assessment and review to ensure that the underlying logic remains sound, that model risks have been identified and managed, that use of the models continues to be appropriate and outputs are valid.
Risk is usually measured in terms of expected loss, unexpected loss, and economic capital.
Expected loss
Expected loss represents the loss that is statistically expected to occur in the normal course of business, with adjustments for conservatism, in a given period of time.
In respect of credit risk, the parameters used to measure expected loss are PD, LGD and EAD. These parameters are updated regularly and are based on our historical experience through the cycle and benchmarking of credit exposures. Unlike the PD, LGD and EAD parameters used for calculating ECL on our consolidated financial statements, the PD, LGD and EAD parameters used for regulatory capital purposes are not adjusted for forward-looking information.
For trading market risks, VaR is a statistical technique used to measure risk. VaR is an estimate of the loss in market value for a given level of confidence that we would expect to incur in our trading portfolio due to an adverse one-day movement in market rates, implied volatility and prices using the most recent 500 trading days. We also use stressed VaR to estimate an expected loss over a 10 day holding period and using a one year historical window when relevant market factors were in distress.
For trading credit risks associated with market value based products, we use models to estimate exposure relative to the value of the portfolio of trades with each counterparty, giving consideration to market rates and prices.
Unexpected loss and economic capital
Unexpected loss is the statistical estimate of the amount by which actual losses might exceed expected losses over a specified time horizon, computed at a given confidence level. We use economic capital to estimate the level of capital needed to protect us against unexpected losses. Economic capital allows us to assess performance on a risk-adjusted basis.
We also use techniques such as sensitivity analysis and stress testing to help ensure that the risks remain within our risk appetite and that our capital is adequate to cover those risks. Our stress testing program includes evaluation of the potential effects of various economic and market scenarios on our risk profile, earnings and capital. Refer to the Capital management section for additional details.
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Model risk management
Model risk management encompasses sound development, independent validation, and ongoing monitoring and review of the models as well as governance and controls that are proportionate to the risks. Our model inventory includes, but is not limited to, models that relate to risk measurement (including VaR, economic and regulatory capital), pricing, mark-to-market (MTM), credit risk rating and scoring models, credit models for the calculation of loss severity and stress testing, and models for the calculation of ECL under IFRS 9. CIBCs approach to provide effective governance and oversight for model risk management comprises the following key elements:
| Governance and oversight by management committees, including the Model and Parameter Risk Committee (MPRC), senior management and the Board; |
| Policies, procedures and standards to outline applicable roles and responsibilities of the various oversight groups and to provide guidance to identify, measure, control and monitor model risk throughout the models life cycle; and |
| Controls for key operational aspects of model risk management including maintaining a model inventory, model risk ranking, model risk attestation and ongoing monitoring and reporting. |
The MPRC is a subcommittee of the Operational Risk and Control Committee (ORCC) and is responsible for reviewing and approving proposals for new and/or modified regulatory, economic capital and IFRS 9 models and provides oversight of CIBCs regulatory, economic capital and IFRS 9 models and parameters for credit, market and operational risks. The MPRC has accountability and responsibility for model and parameter approvals, parameter performance monitoring, validation oversight, and policy oversight.
Model risk mitigation policies
We have policies, procedures, standards and controls to ensure effective model risk management for CIBC. A model review and validation is the independent effective challenge that documents the model risk and ensures models are sound and we can rely on their output. The model review and validation process includes:
| Review of model documentation; |
| Comprehensive, systematic testing of key model parameters on implementation to ensure results are as expected; |
| Replication of the risk quantification process to determine whether the model implementation is faithful to the model specifications; |
| Review of whether the model/parameter concepts and assumptions are appropriate and robust; |
| Accuracy testing to assess the calibration and accuracy of the risk components including, for example, the discriminative power of rating systems and the reasonableness of capital parameters; |
| Sensitivity testing to analyze the sensitivity of model/parameter outputs to model/parameter assumptions and key inputs; |
| Scenario and stress testing of the model outputs to key inputs; |
| Back-testing by comparing actual results with model-generated risk measures; |
| Benchmarking to other models and comparable internal and external data; |
| Review of the internal usage of the model/parameter applications to ensure consistency of application; |
| Reporting of model status to the MPRC, supported through an up-to-date inventory of regulatory models and parameters; |
| A quarterly attestation process for model owners in order to ensure compliance with the Model Risk and Validation Policy; and |
| A comprehensive validation report that identifies the conditions for valid application of the model and summarizes these findings to the model owners, developers and users. |
Once a model has been approved for use, ongoing monitoring becomes a joint responsibility of model users, owners and validators.
Stress testing supplements our other risk management tools by providing an estimate of the potential impacts of plausible but stressed economic scenarios and risk factors. Results of stress testing are interpreted in the context of our risk appetite, including metrics for capital adequacy. Enterprise-wide stress testing, capital planning and financial planning processes are integrated for a comprehensive information system. See the Capital management section for detailed discussion on our enterprise-wide stress testing.
Risk treatment and mitigation is the implementation of options for modifying risk levels. We pursue risk mitigation options in order to control our risk profile in the context of our risk appetite. Our objective is to proactively consider risk mitigation options in order to optimize results.
Discussions regarding potential risk mitigation strategies are held between Risk Management and the lines of business, and at the GRC or GALCO and at the RMC for governance and oversight, as appropriate. In evaluating possible strategies, considerations include costs and benefits, residual risks (i.e., risks that are retained), secondary risks (i.e., those caused by the risk mitigation actions), and appropriate monitoring and review to track results.
Risk controls
Our risk management framework also includes a comprehensive set of risk controls, designed to ensure that risks are being appropriately identified and managed. Our risk controls are part of CIBCs overall Control Framework, developed based on the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commissions (COSO) widely accepted Internal Control Integrated Framework. The Control Framework also draws on elements of the OSFI Supervisory Framework and Corporate Governance Guidelines.
The Board, primarily through the RMC, approves certain credit risk limits and delegates specific transactional approval authorities to the CEO or jointly to the CEO and CRO. The RMC must approve transactions that exceed delegated authorities. Delegation of authority to business units is controlled to ensure decision-making authorities are restricted to those individuals with the necessary experience levels. In addition, CIBC has rigorous processes to identify, evaluate and remediate risk control deficiencies in a timely manner. Regular reporting is provided to the RMC to evidence compliance with risk limits. Risk limits and the delegation of authority to the CEO or jointly to the CEO and CRO are reviewed annually by the RMC.
To monitor CIBCs risk profile and facilitate evaluation against the risk appetite statement, a number of measurement metrics have been established, with regular reporting against these metrics provided to the GRC and the RMC. This reporting enables decisions on growth and risk mitigation strategies.
Exposures are also regularly monitored against limits, with escalation protocols for limit excesses, should they occur. Escalation protocols ensure awareness at appropriate levels and facilitate management of excesses that is consistent with our risk appetite.
Regular management reports on each risk type are also prepared to facilitate monitoring and control of risk at a more granular level.
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We monitor and review top and emerging risks that may affect our future results, and take action to mitigate potential risks. We perform in-depth analyses, which may include stress testing our exposures relative to the risks, and we provide updates and related developments to the Board on a regular basis. Top and emerging risks are those that we consider to have potential negative implications that are material for CIBC. This section describes those top and emerging risks, as well as regulatory and accounting developments that are material for CIBC.
Inflation, interest rates and economic growth
High inflation exacerbated by global supply chain issues, including from the war in Ukraine, continues to drive tightening in monetary policies globally and GDP growth forecasts have been revised downward, increasing the risk of recession. We are closely monitoring the macroeconomic environment and assessing its potential adverse impact on our clients, counterparties and businesses. Further details on the macroeconomic environment are provided in the Economic and market environment Outlook for calendar year 2023 section.
Canadian consumer debt and the housing market
OSFIs Guideline B-20 was introduced in 2012, with a subsequent update effective January 2018, to provide its expectations for strong residential mortgage underwriting for federally regulated lenders. The revised guideline had its intended effect as debt-to-income ratios flattened in 20182019. Subsequently, to counter the unfavourable economic impact of COVID-19, the government put in place several support programs, the Bank of Canada cut interest rates and CIBC and other Canadian banks supported clients with relief programs. The housing market rebounded strongly and prices grew, increasing the risk that new borrowers may be unable to repay loan obligations due to higher indebtedness levels. In June 2021, as part of the updated Guideline B-20, we started to qualify uninsured and insured mortgages at the higher of the mortgage contract rate plus 2%, or 5.25%. In March 2022, the Bank of Canada started to increase interest rates with further hikes expected, leading to higher mortgage rates for new and renewing contracts. A downward correction in housing activity and house prices would increase risk-weighted assets and potentially lead to higher credit losses. We regularly run stress tests and perform scenario and sensitivity analyses to assess the potential impact of a number of macroeconomic factors, including interest rates, unemployment and housing prices, on borrowers ability to repay loan obligations and portfolio performance. See the Real estate secured personal lending section for the guidance issued by OSFI in June 2022 on the Clarification on the Treatment of Innovative Real Estate Secured Lending Products under Guideline B-20.
Geopolitical risk
The level of geopolitical risk escalates at certain points in time. While the specific impact on the global economy and on global credit and capital markets would depend on the nature of the event, in general, any major event could result in instability and volatility, leading to widening spreads, declining equity valuations, flight to safe-haven currencies and increased purchases of gold. In the short run, market disruption could hurt the net income of our trading and non-trading market risk positions. Geopolitical risk could reduce economic growth, and in combination with the potential impacts on commodity prices and the recent rise of protectionism, could have serious negative implications for general economic and banking activities. Current areas of concern include:
| The war in Ukraine; |
| Ongoing U.S., Canada and China relations and trade issues; |
| Global uncertainty and market repercussions pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic as discussed below; |
| Rising civil unrest and activism globally; |
| Implications of the U.S. Buy American policy; |
| Relations between the U.S. and Iran; |
| Tensions in the Middle East; and |
| Concerns following the agreed-upon Brexit deal. |
While it is impossible to predict where new geopolitical disruption will occur, we do pay particular attention to markets and regions with existing or recent historical instability to assess the impact of these environments on the markets and businesses in which we operate.
Pandemic risk
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the global economy, financial markets, supply chains and business productivity in unprecedented and unpredictable ways. Future developments, such as the severity and duration of the pandemic, the emergence and progression of new variants, and actions taken by governments, monetary authorities, regulators, financial institutions and other third parties in response to a resurgence of cases, continue to impact our outlook.
If further variants continue to emerge and vaccines are not able to effectively mitigate the impacts in a timely manner and if broader economic closures are reinstated to address future waves of infection, the effect on the economy and financial markets could worsen and result in further volatility. Unexpected developments in financial markets, regulatory environments, or consumer behaviour and confidence may have additional adverse impacts on our business, results of operations, reputation and financial condition.
Climate risk
The physical effects of climate change along with regulations designed to mitigate its negative impacts will have a measurable impact on communities and the economy. The physical risks of climate change resulting from severe weather events and systemic issues such as rising sea levels can impact CIBCs profitability through disruptions in our own operations and damage to critical infrastructure. Transition risks, which arise as society adjusts towards a low-carbon future, can impact the financial health of our clients as changes in policy and technology aimed at limiting global warming can increase their operating costs and reduce profitability, while translating into potentially higher credit losses for the bank. We are also exposed to reputational risks due to changing stakeholder expectations related to action or inaction in addressing climate-related risks. As the world transitions to a low-carbon economy, we are committed to understanding and responsibly managing the relevant impacts of climate change on our operations and our business activities. In support of this commitment, we announced our ambition to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions associated with operational and financing activities by 2050, including interim targets to reduce the carbon intensity of our financed emissions in the oil and gas and power generation sectors by 2030. This builds on our environmental leadership and enhances our ability to continue creating long-term shareholder value as the landscape of climate-related risks and opportunities evolves.
Setting net-zero targets across a complex set of financing activities is an emerging practice and our methodology is informed by international standards and current industry best practices. With our first targets in place, we are now working to accelerate our climate aspirations by embedding net-zero considerations through our business practices and financing activities.
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There is an increasing demand for disclosure around climate-related risk identification and mitigation. We support the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFDs) recommendations for globally consistent and comparable climate disclosure and recently published our second standalone report, which presents information about CIBCs efforts towards aligning our climate disclosure with the TCFD framework. We are proactively collaborating with our Canadian peer banks to ensure consistency and comparability as we continue to improve our TCFD reporting.
We keep informed of emerging risks by engaging with stakeholders through established partnerships, such as the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP-FI) and we are also a signatory to external sustainability frameworks such as the Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) to ensure comparable sustainability disclosure.
In the past year, a number of regulators and standard-setting organizations announced intentions of preparing disclosure frameworks related to climate change risks. Key among them is the IFRS Foundations establishment of the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) to develop global sustainability disclosure standards for the financial markets and to increase connectivity with accounting standards. In addition, regulators such as the SEC, OSFI and the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) have released proposed requirements for climate risk disclosures including defining guidance and expectations related to climate risk management practices and metrics to measure this risk. In May 2022, OSFI released draft Guideline B-15 on Climate Risk Management. OSFIs principles-based expectations set out in this guideline focus on understanding and mitigating the impact of climate-related risks to business models and strategy, governance and risk management practices used to manage climate-related risks, and remaining financially and operationally resilient through severe climate scenarios. In addition, in October 2021, the CSA released a proposed new National Instrument 51-107 on climate-related disclosures, which builds upon the current TCFD guidance to address the need for consistent and comparable climate information to inform investment decisions.
Potential divergence among the regulators in disclosure expectations, coupled with the pace at which the regulatory landscape changes, pose operational risks to us. We continue to monitor these developments and evolve our approach to support future regulatory requirements.
See the Environmental and social risk section for additional information.
Technology, information and cyber security risk
Financial institutions like CIBC are evolving their use of technology and business processes to improve the client experience and streamline operations. At the same time, cyber threats and the associated financial, reputation and business interruption risks have also increased. We continue to actively manage these risks through strategic risk reviews, enterprise-wide technology and information security programs, with the goal of maintaining overall cyber-resilience that prevents, detects, and responds to threats such as data breaches, malware, unauthorized access, and denial-of-service attacks, which can result in damage to CIBC systems and information, theft or disclosure of confidential information, unauthorized or fraudulent activity, and service disruption at CIBC or its service providers, including those that offer cloud services.
Given the importance of electronic financial systems, including secure online and mobile banking provided by CIBC to its clients, CIBC monitors the changing environment globally, including cyber threats, mitigation strategies and evolving regulatory requirements, in order to improve our controls and processes to protect our systems and client information. In addition, we perform cyber security preparedness, testing, and recovery exercises to validate our defences, benchmark against best practices and provide regular updates to the Board. We have well-defined cyber incident response protocols and playbooks in the event that a security incident or breach occurs. We also have cyber insurance coverage to help mitigate against certain potential losses associated with cyber incidents. Our insurance coverage is subject to various terms and provisions, including limits on the types and amounts of coverage relating to losses arising from cyber incidents. We periodically assess our insurance coverage based on our risk tolerance and limits. Despite our commitment to information and cyber security, and given the rapidly evolving threat and regulatory landscape, coupled with a changing business environment, it is not possible for us to identify all cyber risks or implement measures to prevent or eliminate all potential cyber incidents from occurring. However, we monitor our risk profile for changes and continue to refine approaches to security protection and service resilience to minimize the impact of any cyber incidents that may occur.
Commodity prices
Commodity markets continued to exhibit elevated volatility with both oil and gas prices trading in a wide range over recent months, as several factors weigh heavily on supply and demand fundamentals. Supply-side constraints continue to manifest as a result of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and resulting sanctions on Russia, with European markets being particularly susceptible to an interruption in Russian natural gas supplies. The macroeconomic environment is tempering demand expectations given the outlook for reduced growth, while other factors such as the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries production cuts, winter temperatures, a potential slowdown in China and U.S. releases from strategic reserves are influencing prices and volatility in the near term. We also continue to monitor longer-term developments as geopolitical tensions, and a desire for energy independence, face off against environmental considerations in a manner that will shape energy policies and trade flows in the years to come.
Disintermediation risk
Canadian banking clients are increasingly shifting their service transactions from brick-and-mortar banking centres to digital platforms. Competitive pressure from digital disruptors, both global technology leaders and smaller financial technology entrants, is increasing and the risk of disintermediation continues to grow due to the level of sophistication of these non-traditional competitors, and increased adoption of emerging technologies. The emergence of Decentralized Finance, where fully automated financial applications are programmed into a blockchain network using digital assets, such as cryptocurrencies, is one such technology trend that enables parties to transact without third-party intermediaries such as banks. However, in Canada, the risk of blockchain technology disintermediating banks in the near-term appears low. Currently, Canadians have access to robust financial infrastructure that delivers much of the value promised within a blockchain-based transactional network. For banks, while blockchain technology offers an effective approach to addressing counterparty risk, the value a bank brings to a client relationship extends beyond managing counterparty risk; especially as clients develop more complex financial considerations that require the expertise and empathy of a human-centered approach. Decentralized Finance may evolve in ways that make it more accessible to the general public, but without appropriate regulation to address the elevated levels of volatility, fraud, theft, and associated risks, its appeal may remain limited to Canadians with a higher risk tolerance. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and automation also have the potential to transform business models over time, including the delivery of financial services advice through automated processes. CIBC is maturing its AI capabilities with a focus on maintaining customer confidence and trust by building AI practices that apply principles such as fairness, ethics, transparency and security.
We manage disintermediation risk through strategic reviews as well as investment in emerging channels, in data and analytics capabilities, and in technology and innovation in general, to meet our clients changing expectations, while working to reduce our cost structure and simplify operations. We maintain a central and coordinated approach to innovation to manage these risks while also benefitting from the opportunities they bring.
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Third-party risk
The Board and senior management recognize the establishment of third-party relationships as important to CIBCs business model and therefore leverage them to achieve CIBCs business objectives. With the introduction of new technologies, new foreign jurisdictions and increasing reliance on sub-contractors, the third-party landscape continues to evolve. While such relationships may benefit us through reduced costs, increased innovation, improved performance and increased business competitiveness, they can also introduce risks of failure or disruption to CIBC through breakdowns in people, processes or technology or through external events that impact these third parties.
To mitigate third-party risks, prepare for future third-party risks and changing regulatory expectations, and to ensure existing processes and internal controls are operating effectively, we rely on our strong risk culture and established the Third Party Risk Management program, which includes policies, procedures, expertise and resources dedicated to third-party risk management. The program identifies and manages risks that arise from third-party relationships from the point of planning through the life cycle of the business arrangement and supports the maintenance of collaborative relationships that advance our strategic direction and operational needs within our risk appetite.
Anti-money laundering
Money laundering, terrorist financing activities and other related crimes pose a threat to the stability and integrity of a countrys financial sector and its broader economy. In recognition of this threat, the international community has made the fight against these illegal activities a priority. We are committed to adhering to all regulatory requirements pertaining to AML/ATF and Sanctions in the jurisdictions where we operate and implementing best practices to minimize the impact of such activities. In Canada, to improve the effectiveness of the AML/ATF regime, amendments to the regulations under the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act continue to be published (with some provisions coming into force by 2024). In accordance with these amendments, we have implemented procedures, processes and controls with respect to client due diligence, record keeping and reporting as well as mandatory annual AML/ATF and Sanctions training for all employees to ensure that relevant regulatory obligations are met in each jurisdiction where we operate. Since March 2022, Canada, the U.S., U.K. and the European Union have expanded economic sanctions on Russia over the war in Ukraine, which continue to develop. While overall exposure is deemed limited, we continue to monitor and enhance controls, as required to respond to this evolving situation.
U.S. banking regulation
Our U.S. operations are subject to supervision by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve), and are also subject to a comprehensive federal and state regulatory framework. Our wholly owned subsidiary, CIBC Bancorp USA Inc. (CIBC Bancorp), is a financial holding company subject to regulation and supervision by the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. CIBC Bank USA, our Illinois-chartered bank, is subject to regulation by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the Federal Reserve and the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation. CIBCs New York branch is subject to regulation and supervision by the New York Department of Financial Services and the Federal Reserve. Certain market activities of our U.S. operations are subject to regulation by the SEC and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, as well as other oversight bodies.
The scope of these regulations impact our business in a number of ways. For example, both CIBC Bancorp and CIBC Bank USA are required to maintain minimum capital ratios in accordance with Basel III rules adopted by the U.S. bank regulatory agencies, which differ in some respects from Canadas Basel III rules. Under the U.S. bank regulatory framework, both CIBC and CIBC Bancorp are expected to provide a source of strength to the subsidiary bank and may be required to commit additional capital and other resources to CIBC Bank USA in the event that its financial condition were to deteriorate, whether due to overall challenging economic conditions in the U.S., or because of business-specific issues. The Federal Reserve (in the case of CIBC Bancorp), and the FDIC and the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation (in the case of CIBC Bank USA) also have the ability to restrict dividends paid by CIBC Bancorp or CIBC Bank USA, which could limit our ability to receive distributions on our capital investment in our U.S. banking operations.
As our combined U.S. operations grow, we will become subject to additional enhanced prudential standards under the Federal Reserves regulations applicable to foreign banking organizations. Furthermore, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC may also restrict our U.S. operations, organic or inorganic growth, if, among other things, they have supervisory concerns about risk management, AML or compliance programs and practices, governance and controls, and/or capital and liquidity adequacy at CIBC Bancorp, CIBC Bank USA or our New York branch, as applicable. In some instances, banking regulators may take supervisory actions that may not be publicly disclosed, which may restrict or limit our New York branch and our U.S. subsidiaries from engaging in certain categories of new activities or acquiring shares or control of other companies. Any restrictions imposed by banking regulators could negatively impact us by loss of revenue, limitations on the products or services we offer, and increased operational and compliance costs.
The U.S. regulatory environment continues to evolve and future legislative and regulatory developments may impact CIBC.
Interbank Offered Rate transition
Interest rate benchmarks including the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other similar benchmarks, are being reformed and replaced by alternative benchmark rates (alternative rates) that are largely based on traded markets. The United Kingdoms (U.K.s) Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) originally announced in July 2017 that it would not compel banks to submit LIBOR rates beyond 2021. Consistent with this announcement, as of December 31, 2021, a formal cessation of GBP, EUR, JPY and CHF LIBORs occurred, with fallback to the alternative rates triggered. In addition, trading of USD LIBOR has been curtailed in advance of its forthcoming cessation in June 2023 as the industry continues its transition away from LIBOR as a reference rate underpinning loans, derivatives and cash products globally. We continue to monitor industry developments in this space and have also implemented controls to ensure new USD LIBOR trades are for permitted purposes only during this transition. Furthermore, in December 2021 the Canadian Alternative Reference Rate working group (CARR) recommended that the Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (CDOR) should cease calculation and publication after June 2024 with CORRA suggested as the replacement benchmark rate. On May 16, 2022, the CDOR administrator announced the cessation of CDOR consistent with the recommendations outlined by CARR. See the Other regulatory developments section for further details.
Tax reform
As many governments took on additional debt to support the economy during the pandemic and look to ensure a strong post-pandemic recovery, there are tax reform proposals that could increase taxes affecting CIBC.
The Canadian Federal government published draft legislation in 2022 that if enacted would increase our income taxes as described in the Financial results review Taxes section.
Canada is one of 137 members of The Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD)/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting that joined a Two-Pillar plan for international tax reform agreed to in October 2021. The Two-Pillar frameworks stated purpose is to ensure that large Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) pay tax where they operate and earn profit. Pillar One focuses on the taxation of digital
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services and Pillar Two establishes rules for the application of the 15% global minimum tax. Pillar One is to be implemented by a multilateral convention to come into effect in 2023, which will require all parties to remove their Digital Services Taxes. If Pillar One implementation is delayed, the Canadian government plans to enact draft Digital Services Tax legislation, which will come into effect no earlier than January 1, 2024. The Canadian government held public consultation on the implementation of Pillar Two model rules, but no legislation has yet been proposed.
Corporate transactions
CIBC seeks out acquisition and divestiture opportunities that align with its strategy, risk appetite and financial goals. The ability to successfully execute on our strategy to integrate acquisitions, and the ability to anticipate and manage risks associated with such corporate transactions are subject to various factors such as receiving regulatory and shareholder approval on a timely basis and on favourable terms, retaining clients and key personnel, realizing synergies and efficiencies, controlling integration and acquisition costs, and changes in general business and economic conditions, among others.
Although many of the factors are beyond our control, their impact is partially mitigated by conducting due diligence before completing the transaction and developing and executing appropriate plans. However, given the inherent uncertainty involved in such corporate transactions, we cannot anticipate all potential events, facts and circumstances that may arise and there could be an adverse impact on our operations and financial performance as a result of such corporate transactions.
Regulatory developments
See the Taxes, Capital management, Credit risk, Liquidity risk and Accounting and control matters sections for additional information on regulatory developments.
Accounting developments
See the Accounting and control matters section and Note 31 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on accounting developments.
Risks arising from business activities
The chart below shows our business activities and related risk measures based upon regulatory RWA and average allocated common equity as at October 31, 2022:
(1) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
(2) | Includes CCR of $9 million, which comprises derivatives and repo-style transactions. |
(3) | Includes CCR of $17,234 million, which comprises derivatives and repo-style transactions. |
(4) | Includes CCR of $227 million, which comprises derivatives and repo-style transactions. |
(5) | Average allocated common equity is a non-GAAP measure. For additional information on the composition of this non-GAAP measure, see the Non-GAAP measures section. |
(6) | Represents average allocated common equity relating to capital deductions, such as goodwill and intangible assets, in accordance with the rules in OSFIs CAR Guideline. |
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Credit risk is the risk of financial loss due to a borrower or counterparty failing to meet its obligations in accordance with contractual terms.
Credit risk arises out of the lending businesses in each of our SBUs and in International banking, which is included in Corporate and Other. Other sources of credit risk consist of our trading activities, which include our OTC derivatives, debt securities, and our repo-style transaction activity. In addition to losses on the default of a borrower or counterparty, unrealized gains or losses may occur due to changes in the credit spread of the counterparty, which could impact the carrying or fair value of our assets.
Credit risk is managed through the three lines of defence model. The first line of defence consists of the frontline businesses and control groups that assess and manage the risks associated with their activities. They own the risks and the controls that mitigate the risks this is the first line of defence.
The second line of defence is Risk Management, which takes a broader, independent view and is responsible for the adjudication and oversight of credit risks associated with CIBCs personal, small business, commercial, corporate and wealth management activities.
Internal audit is the third line of defence, providing reasonable assurance to senior management and the Audit Committee of the Board on the effectiveness of CIBCs governance practices, risk management processes, and internal control as part of its risk-based audit plan and in accordance with its mandate as described in the Internal Audit Charter.
Senior management reports to the GRC and RMC at least quarterly on material credit risk matters, including material credit transactions, compliance with limits, portfolio trends, impaired loans and credit loss provisioning levels. Provision for (reversal of) credit losses is reviewed by the RMC and the Audit Committee quarterly.
Specific to the management of credit risk, Risk Management is mandated to provide enterprise-wide oversight of the management of credit risk in CIBCs credit portfolios, including the measurement, monitoring and control of credit risk and the management of credit risk models. Key groups in Risk Management with credit risk responsibility include:
Capital Markets Risk Management: This group is responsible for independent oversight of the measurement, monitoring and control of traded and non-traded market risk, liquidity risk and trading credit risk, including adjudication of trading credit facilities for banks, non-bank financial entities, prime brokerage clients and central clearing counterparties. In addition, Capital Markets Risk Management is responsible for the risk management of sovereign and country risk, securitizations and the oversight of the Global Collateral Finance framework covering repos and securities lending.
Global Credit Risk Management: This group is responsible for the adjudication and oversight of credit risks associated with our commercial, corporate and wealth management credit portfolios, management of the risks in our investment portfolios, as well as management of special loan portfolios.
Model Validation, Global Operational Risk Management: This group is responsible for the oversight of model validation practices. Model validation constitutes the independent set of processes, activities and ongoing documentary evidence that models and parameters are sound and CIBC can rely on their output.
Enterprise Risk Management: This group is responsible for enterprise-wide analysis, including enterprise-wide stress testing and reporting, risk data systems and models, economic and regulatory capital methodologies as well as transaction-specific environmental and social risk.
Risk Analytics and Credit Decisioning: This group manages credit risk in personal and small business products offered through the various distribution channels (e.g., residential mortgages, credit cards, personal loans/lines of credit, small business loans) and performs analytics to optimize retail credit performance, along with collections and AML outcomes.
U.S. Risk Management: This group carries out the mandate of CIBC Risk Management at a regional level and provides independent oversight of the identification, management, measurement, monitoring and control of credit risks in the U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management SBU.
Adjudication and oversight above delegated levels is provided by the CRO, GRC and RMC.
To control credit risk, prudent credit risk management principles are used as a base to establish policies, standards and guidelines that govern credit activities as outlined by the credit risk management policy.
The credit risk management policy supplements CIBCs risk management framework and risk appetite framework, and together with CIBCs portfolio concentration limits for credit exposures, CIBCs common risk/concentration risk limits for credit exposures, and other supporting credit risk policies, standards and procedures, assists CIBC in achieving its desired risk profile by providing an effective foundation for the management of credit risk.
Credit risk limits
The RMC approves Board limits, and exposures above Board limits require reporting to, or approval of, the RMC. Management limits are approved by the CRO. Usage is monitored to ensure risks are within allocated management and Board limits. Exposures above management limits require the approval of the CRO. Business lines may also impose lower limits to reflect the nature of their exposures and target markets. This tiering of limits provides for an appropriate hierarchy of decision making and reporting between management and the RMC. Credit approval authority flows from the Board and is further cascaded to officers in writing. The Boards Investment and Lending Authority Resolution sets thresholds above which credit exposures require reporting to, or approval of, the RMC, ensuring an increasing level of oversight for credit exposures of higher risk. CIBC maintains country limits to control exposures within countries outside of Canada and the U.S.
Credit concentration limits
At a bank-wide level, credit exposures are managed to promote alignment to our risk appetite statement, to maintain the target business mix and to ensure that there is no undue concentration of risk. We set limits to control borrower concentrations by risk-rating band for large exposures (i.e., risk-rated credits). Direct loan sales, credit derivative hedges, or structured transactions may also be used to reduce concentrations. We also have a set of portfolio concentration limits in place to control exposures by country, industry, product and activity. Further, our policies require limits to be established as appropriate for new initiatives and implementation of strategies involving material levels of credit risk. Concentration limits represent the maximum exposure levels we wish to hold on our books. In the normal course, it is expected that exposures will be held at levels below the maximums. The credit concentration limits are reviewed and approved by the RMC at least annually.
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Credit concentration limits are also applied to our retail lending portfolios to mitigate concentration risk. We not only have concentration limits applied to individual borrowers and geographic regions, but also to different types of credit facilities, such as unsecured credits. In addition, we limit the maximum insured mortgage exposure to private insurers in order to reduce counterparty risk.
Credit risk mitigation
We may mitigate credit risk by obtaining a pledge of collateral, which improves recoveries in the event of a default. Our credit risk management policies include verification of the collateral and its value and ensuring that we have legal certainty with respect to the assets pledged. Valuations are updated periodically depending on the nature of the collateral, legal environment, and the creditworthiness of the counterparty. The main types of collateral include: (i) cash or marketable securities for securities lending and repurchase transactions; (ii) cash or marketable securities taken as collateral in support of our OTC derivatives activity; (iii) charges over operating assets such as inventory, receivables and real estate properties for lending to small business and commercial borrowers; and (iv) mortgages over residential properties for retail lending.
In certain circumstances we may use third-party guarantees to mitigate risk. We also obtain insurance to reduce the risk in our real estate secured lending portfolios, the most material of which relates to the portion of our residential mortgage portfolio that is insured by CMHC, an agency of the Government of Canada.
We mitigate the trading credit risk of OTC derivatives, securities lending and repurchase transactions with counterparties by employing the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Master Agreement, as well as Credit Support Annexes (CSAs) or similar master and collateral agreements. See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements for additional details on the risks related to the use of derivatives and how we manage these risks.
ISDA Master Agreements and similar master and collateral agreements, such as the Global Master Repurchase Agreement and Global Master Securities Lending Agreement, facilitate cross transaction payments, prescribe close-out netting processes, and define the counterparties contractual trading relationship. In addition, the agreements formalize non-transaction-specific terms. Master agreements serve to mitigate our credit risk by outlining default and termination events, which enable parties to close out of all outstanding transactions in the case of a negative credit event on either partys side. The mechanism for calculating termination costs in the event of a close-out are outlined in the master agreement; this allows for the efficient calculation of a single net obligation of one party to another.
CSAs and other collateral agreements are often included in ISDA Master Agreements or similar master agreements governing securities lending and repurchase transactions. They mitigate CCR by providing for the exchange of collateral between parties when a partys exposure to the other exceeds agreed upon thresholds, subject to a minimum transfer amount. CSAs and other collateral agreements that operate with master agreements also designate acceptable collateral types, and set out rules for re-hypothecation and interest calculation on collateral. Collateral types permitted under CSAs and other master agreements are set through our trading credit risk management documentation procedures. These procedures include requirements around collateral type concentrations.
Consistent with global initiatives to improve resilience in the financial system, we clear derivatives through central counterparties (CCPs) where feasible. Credit derivatives may be used to reduce industry sector concentrations and single-name exposure.
Forbearance techniques
We employ forbearance techniques to manage client relationships and to minimize credit losses due to default, foreclosure or repossession. In certain circumstances, it may be necessary to modify a loan for reasons related to a borrowers financial difficulties, reducing the potential of default. Total debt restructurings are subject to our normal quarterly impairment review which considers, amongst other factors, covenants and/or payment delinquencies. Loan loss provisions are adjusted as appropriate.
In retail lending, forbearance techniques include interest capitalization, amortization amendments and debt consolidations. We have a set of eligibility criteria that allow our Client Account Management team to determine suitable remediation strategies and propose products based on each borrowers situation.
The solutions available to corporate and commercial clients vary based on the individual nature of the clients situation and are undertaken selectively where it has been determined that the client has or is likely to have repayment difficulties servicing its obligations. Covenants often reveal changes in the clients financial situation before there is a change in payment behaviour and typically allow for a right to reprice or accelerate payments. Solutions may be temporary in nature or may involve other special management options.
The credit approval process is centrally controlled, with all significant credit requests submitted to a credit adjudication group within Risk Management that is independent of the originating businesses. Approval authorities are a function of the risk and amount of credit requested. In certain cases, credit requests must be escalated to senior management, the CRO, or to the RMC for approval.
After initial approval, individual credit exposures continue to be monitored. A formal risk assessment is completed at least annually for all risk-rated accounts, including review of assigned ratings. Higher risk-rated accounts are subject to closer monitoring and are reviewed at least quarterly. Collections and specialized loan workout groups handle the day-to-day management of high-risk loans to maximize recoveries.
Exposures subject to AIRB approach
Under the AIRB approach we are required to categorize exposures to credit risk into broad classes of assets with different underlying risk characteristics. This asset categorization may differ from the presentation in our consolidated financial statements. Under the AIRB approach, credit risk is measured using the following three key risk parameters(1):
| PD the probability that the obligor will default within the next 12 months. |
| EAD the estimate of the amount that will be drawn at the time of default. |
| LGD the expected severity of loss as the result of the default, expressed as a percentage of the EAD. |
Our credit risk exposures are divided into business and government and retail portfolios. Regulatory models used to measure credit risk exposure under the AIRB approach are subject to CIBCs model risk management process.
(1) | These parameters differ from those used in the calculation of ECL under IFRS 9. See the Accounting and control matters section for further details. |
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Business and government portfolios (excluding scored small business) risk-rating method
The portfolios comprise exposures to corporate, sovereign, and bank obligors. Our adjudication process and criteria includes assigning an obligor rating that reflects our estimate of the financial strength of the borrower, and a facility rating or LGD rating that reflects the collateral amount and quality applicable to secured exposures, the seniority position of the claim, and the capital structure of the borrower for unsecured exposures.
The obligor rating takes into consideration our financial assessment of the obligor, the industry, and the economic environment of the region in which the obligor operates. Where a guarantee from a third-party exists, both the obligor and the guarantor will be assessed. While our obligor rating is determined independently of external ratings for the obligor, our risk-rating methodology includes a review of those external ratings.
CIBC employs a 20-point master internal obligor default rating scale that broadly maps to external agencies ratings as presented in the table below.
CIBC | S&P | Moodys | ||||||||||
Grade |
rating | equivalent | equivalent | |||||||||
Investment grade |
0047 | AAA to BBB- | Aaa to Baa3 | |||||||||
Non-investment grade |
5167 | BB+ to B- | Ba1 to B3 | |||||||||
Watch list |
7080 | CCC+ to C | Caa1 to Ca | |||||||||
Default |
90 | D | C |
We use quantitative modelling techniques to assist in the development of internal risk-rating systems. The risk-rating systems have been developed through analysis of internal and external credit risk data, supplemented with expert judgment. The risk ratings are used for portfolio management, risk limit setting, product pricing, and in the determination of regulatory and economic capital.
Our credit process is designed to ensure that we approve applications and extend credit only where we believe that our client has the ability to repay according to the agreed terms and conditions.
Our credit framework of policies and limits defines our appetite for exposure to any single name or group of related borrowers, which is a function of the internal risk rating. We generally extend new credit only to borrowers in the investment and non-investment grade categories noted above. Our credit policies are also defined to manage our exposure to concentration in borrowers in any particular industry or region.
In accordance with our process, each obligor is assigned an obligor default rating and the assigned rating is mapped to a PD estimate that represents a long-run average one-year default likelihood. For corporate obligors, PD estimates are calculated using joint maximum likelihood techniques based on our internal default rate history by rating category and longer dated external default rates as a proxy for the credit cycle to arrive at long-run average PD estimates. Estimates drawn from third-party statistical default prediction models are used to supplement the internal default data for some rating bands where internal data is sparse. For small and medium corporate enterprises, PD estimates are developed using only internal default history. For bank and sovereign obligors, PD estimates are derived from an analysis based on external default data sets and supplemented with internal data where possible. We examine several different estimation methodologies and compare results across the different techniques. In addition, we apply the same techniques and estimation methodologies to analogous corporate default data and compare the results for banks and sovereigns to the corporate estimates for each technique. A regulatory floor is applied to PD estimates for corporate and bank obligors.
Each facility is assigned an LGD rating and each assigned rating is mapped to an LGD estimate that considers economic downturn conditions. For corporate obligors, LGD estimates are primarily derived from internal historical recovery data. Time to resolution is typically one to two years for most corporate obligors, and one to four years in the real estate sector. LGD values are based on discounted post-default cash flows for resolved accounts and include material direct and indirect costs associated with collections. External data is used in some cases to supplement our analysis. Economic downturn periods are identified for each portfolio by examining the history of actual losses, default rates and LGD. For bank and sovereign exposures, LGD estimates are primarily driven by expert judgment supplemented with external data and benchmarks where available. Appropriate adjustments are made to LGD estimates to account for various uncertainties associated with estimation techniques and data limitations, including adjustments for unresolved accounts.
EAD is estimated based on the current exposure to the obligor together with possible future changes in that exposure driven by factors such as the available undrawn credit commitment amount and the obligor default rating. EAD estimates are primarily based on internal historical loss data supplemented with comparable external data. Economic downturn periods are identified for each portfolio by examining the historical default rates and actual EAD factors.
Appropriate adjustments are made to PD, LGD and EAD estimates to account for various uncertainties associated with estimation techniques and data limitations, including adjustments for unresolved accounts (for LGD).
A simplified risk-rating process (slotting approach) is used for part of our uninsured Canadian commercial mortgage portfolio, which comprises non-residential mortgages and multi-family residential mortgages. These exposures are individually rated on our rating scale using a risk-rating methodology that considers the propertys key attributes, which include its loan-to-value (LTV) and debt service ratios, the quality of the property, and the financial strength of the owner/sponsor. All exposures are secured by a lien over the property. In addition, we have insured multi-family residential mortgages, which are not treated under the slotting approach, but are instead treated as sovereign exposures.
Retail portfolios
Retail portfolios are characterized by a large number of relatively small exposures. They comprise: real estate secured personal lending (residential mortgages and personal loans and lines secured by residential property); qualifying revolving retail exposures (credit cards, overdrafts and unsecured lines of credit); and other retail exposures (loans secured by non-residential assets, unsecured loans including student loans, and scored small business loans).
We use scoring models in the adjudication of new retail credit exposures, which are based on statistical methods of analyzing the unique characteristics of the borrower, to estimate future behaviour. In developing our models, we use internal historical information from previous borrowers, as well as information from external sources, such as credit bureaus. The use of credit scoring models allows for consistent assessment across borrowers. There are specific guidelines in place for each product, and our adjudication decision will take into account the characteristics of the borrower, any guarantors, and the quality and sufficiency of the collateral pledged (if any). The lending process will include documentation of, where appropriate, satisfactory identification, proof of income, independent appraisal of the collateral and registration of security.
Retail portfolios are managed as pools of homogeneous risk exposures, using external credit bureau scores and/or other behavioural assessments to group exposures according to similar credit risk profiles. These pools are established through statistical techniques. Characteristics used to group individual exposures vary by asset category; as a result, the number of pools, their size, and the statistical techniques applied to their management differ accordingly.
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The following table maps the PD bands to various risk levels:
Risk level |
PD bands | |||
Exceptionally low |
0.01%0.20% | |||
Very low |
0.21%0.50% | |||
Low |
0.51%2.00% | |||
Medium |
2.01%10.00% | |||
High |
10.01%99.99% | |||
Default |
100% |
For the purposes of the AIRB approach for retail portfolios, additional PD, LGD and EAD segmentation into homogeneous risk exposures is established through statistical techniques. The principal statistical estimation technique is decision trees benchmarked against alternative techniques such as regression and random forests.
Within real estate secured lending, we have two key parameter estimation models: mortgages and real estate secured personal lines of credit. Within qualifying revolving retail, we have three key parameter estimation models: credit cards, overdraft, and unsecured personal lines. A small percentage of credit cards, overdraft, and unsecured line accounts that do not satisfy the requirements for qualifying revolving retail are grouped into other retail parameter models. Within other retail, we have three key parameter models: margin lending, personal loans, and scored small business loans. Each parameter model pools accounts according to characteristics such as: delinquency, current credit bureau score, internal behaviour score, estimated current LTV ratio, account type, account age, utilization, outstanding balance, or authorized limit.
PD is estimated as the average default rate over an extended period based on internal historical data, generally for a 5-to-10-year period, which is adjusted using internal historical data on default rates over a longer period or comparable external data that includes a period of stress. A regulatory floor is applied to our PD estimate for all retail exposures with the exception of insured mortgages and government-guaranteed loans.
LGD is estimated based on observed recovery rates over an extended period using internal historical data. In determining our LGD estimate, we exclude any accounts that have not had enough time since default for the substantial majority of expected recovery to occur. This recovery period is product-specific and is typically in the range of 1 to 3 years. Accounts that cure from default and return to good standing are considered to have zero loss. We simulate the loss rate in a significant downturn based on the relationship(s) between LGD and one or more of the following: PD; housing prices, cure rate, and recovery time; or observed LGD in periods with above-average loss rates. We apply appropriate adjustments to address various types of estimation uncertainty including sampling error and trending. A regulatory floor is applied to all real estate secured exposures with the exception of insured mortgages.
EAD for revolving products is estimated as a percentage of the authorized credit limit based on the observed EAD rates over an extended period using historical data. We simulate the EAD rate in a significant downturn based on the relationship(s) between the EAD rate and PD and/or the observed EAD rate in periods with above-average EAD rates. For term loan products, EAD is set equal to the outstanding balance.
We apply appropriate adjustments to PD, LGD and EAD to address various types of estimation uncertainty including sampling error and trending.
Back-testing
We monitor the three key risk parameters PD, EAD and LGD on a quarterly basis for our business and government portfolios and on a monthly basis for our retail portfolios. Every quarter, the back-testing results are reported to OSFI and are presented to the business and Risk Management senior management for review and challenge. For each parameter, we identify any portfolios whose realized values are significantly above or significantly below expectations and then test to see if this deviation is explainable by changes in the economy. If the results indicate that a parameter model may be losing its predictive power, we prioritize that model for review and update.
Stress testing
As part of our regular credit portfolio management process, we conduct stress testing and scenario analyses on our portfolio to quantitatively assess the impact of various historical, as well as hypothetical, stressed conditions, versus limits determined in accordance with our risk appetite. Scenarios are selected to test our exposures to specific industries (e.g., oil and gas and real estate), products (e.g., mortgages and cards), or geographic regions (e.g., Europe and the Caribbean). Results from stress testing are a key input into management decision making, including the determination of limits and strategies for managing our credit exposure. See the Real estate secured personal lending section for further discussion on our residential mortgage portfolio stress testing.
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Managements discussion and analysis |
The portfolios are categorized based upon how we manage the business and the associated risks. Gross credit exposure amounts presented in the table below represent our estimate of EAD, which is net of derivative master netting agreements and CVA but is before allowance for credit losses or credit risk mitigation. Gross credit exposure amounts relating to our business and government portfolios are reduced for collateral held for repo-style transactions, which reflects the EAD value of such collateral. Non-trading equity exposures are not included in the table below as they have been deemed immaterial under the OSFI guidelines, and hence are subject to 100% risk-weighting.
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
AIRB approach |
Standardized approach |
Total | AIRB approach (1) |
Standardized approach |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Business and government portfolios |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Drawn |
$ | 151,361 | $ | 45,924 | $ | 197,285 | $ | 120,417 | $ | 36,321 | $ | 156,738 | ||||||||||||
Undrawn commitments |
64,470 | 10,142 | 74,612 | 61,417 | 7,583 | 69,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
Repo-style transactions |
185,680 | | 185,680 | 172,827 | | 172,827 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other off-balance sheet |
14,181 | 831 | 15,012 | 13,644 | 981 | 14,625 | ||||||||||||||||||
OTC derivatives |
13,094 | 98 | 13,192 | 12,914 | 415 | 13,329 | ||||||||||||||||||
428,786 | 56,995 | 485,781 | 381,219 | 45,300 | 426,519 | |||||||||||||||||||
Sovereign |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Drawn |
149,200 | 28,680 | 177,880 | 125,001 | 26,272 | 151,273 | ||||||||||||||||||
Undrawn commitments |
8,560 | | 8,560 | 8,525 | | 8,525 | ||||||||||||||||||
Repo-style transactions |
24,228 | | 24,228 | 26,746 | | 26,746 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other off-balance sheet |
2,421 | | 2,421 | 1,613 | | 1,613 | ||||||||||||||||||
OTC derivatives |
2,475 | | 2,475 | 2,011 | 1 | 2,012 | ||||||||||||||||||
186,884 | 28,680 | 215,564 | 163,896 | 26,273 | 190,169 | |||||||||||||||||||
Banks |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Drawn |
14,151 | 1,548 | 15,699 | 12,291 | 1,565 | 13,856 | ||||||||||||||||||
Undrawn commitments |
1,297 | 18 | 1,315 | 1,554 | 3 | 1,557 | ||||||||||||||||||
Repo-style transactions |
46,155 | | 46,155 | 42,529 | | 42,529 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other off-balance sheet |
74,748 | | 74,748 | 64,728 | | 64,728 | ||||||||||||||||||
OTC derivatives |
6,287 | 12 | 6,299 | 5,765 | 12 | 5,777 | ||||||||||||||||||
142,638 | 1,578 | 144,216 | 126,867 | 1,580 | 128,447 | |||||||||||||||||||
Gross business and government portfolios |
758,308 | 87,253 | 845,561 | 671,982 | 73,153 | 745,135 | ||||||||||||||||||
Less: collateral held for repo-style transactions |
237,484 | | 237,484 | 225,399 | | 225,399 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net business and government portfolios |
520,824 | 87,253 | 608,077 | 446,583 | 73,153 | 519,736 | ||||||||||||||||||
Retail portfolios |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate secured personal lending |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Drawn |
281,518 | 5,491 | 287,009 | 261,531 | 4,835 | 266,366 | ||||||||||||||||||
Undrawn commitments |
38,038 | | 38,038 | 36,631 | | 36,631 | ||||||||||||||||||
319,556 | 5,491 | 325,047 | 298,162 | 4,835 | 302,997 | |||||||||||||||||||
Qualifying revolving retail |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Drawn |
18,034 | n/a | 18,034 | 18,181 | n/a | 18,181 | ||||||||||||||||||
Undrawn commitments |
58,471 | n/a | 58,471 | 54,509 | n/a | 54,509 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other off-balance sheet |
375 | n/a | 375 | 327 | n/a | 327 | ||||||||||||||||||
76,880 | n/a | 76,880 | 73,017 | n/a | 73,017 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other retail |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Drawn |
17,519 | 5,099 | 22,618 | 15,578 | 1,419 | 16,997 | ||||||||||||||||||
Undrawn commitments |
3,308 | 28 | 3,336 | 2,937 | 26 | 2,963 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other off-balance sheet |
45 | 121 | 166 | 40 | | 40 | ||||||||||||||||||
20,872 | 5,248 | 26,120 | 18,555 | 1,445 | 20,000 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total retail portfolios |
417,308 | 10,739 | 428,047 | 389,734 | 6,280 | 396,014 | ||||||||||||||||||
Securitization exposures |
15,333 | 3,257 | 18,590 | 10,823 | 4,556 | 15,379 | ||||||||||||||||||
Gross credit exposure |
1,190,949 | 101,249 | 1,292,198 | 1,072,539 | 83,989 | 1,156,528 | ||||||||||||||||||
Less: collateral held for repo-style transactions |
237,484 | | 237,484 | 225,399 | | 225,399 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net credit exposure (2) |
$ | 953,465 | $ | 101,249 | $ | 1,054,714 | $ | 847,140 | $ | 83,989 | $ | 931,129 |
(1) | Includes exposures subject to the supervisory slotting approach. |
(2) | Excludes exposures arising from derivative and repo-style transactions that are cleared through QCCPs as well as credit risk exposures arising from other assets that are subject to the credit risk framework but are not included in the standardized or IRB frameworks, including other balance sheet assets that are risk-weighted at 100%, significant investments in the capital of non-financial institutions that are risk-weighted at 1,250%, settlement risk, and amounts below the thresholds for deduction that are risk-weighted at 250%. |
n/a | Not applicable. |
Net credit exposure increased by $123.6 billion in 2022, due to business growth in our North American lending portfolios.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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Exposures subject to the standardized approach(1)
Exposures within CIBC Bank USA, CIBC FirstCaribbean and certain exposures to individuals for non-business purposes do not have sufficient historical data to support the AIRB approach for credit risk, and are subject to the standardized approach. The standardized approach utilizes a set of risk weightings defined by the regulators, as opposed to the more data intensive AIRB approach. A detailed breakdown of our standardized credit risk exposures by risk-weight category, before considering the effect of credit risk mitigation strategies and before allowance for credit losses, is provided below.
$ millions, as at October 31 | Risk-weight category | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0% | 20% | 35% | 50% | 75% | 100% | 150% | Total | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 56,863 | $ | 132 | $ | 56,995 | $ | 45,300 | ||||||||||||||||||
Sovereign |
24,809 | 2,971 | | 102 | | 794 | 4 | 28,680 | 26,273 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Banks |
| 1,359 | | 85 | | 134 | | 1,578 | 1,580 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate secured personal lending |
| | 3,980 | | 1,269 | 233 | 9 | 5,491 | 4,835 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other retail |
| | | | 5,130 | 80 | 38 | 5,248 | 1,445 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 24,809 | $ | 4,330 | $ | 3,980 | $ | 187 | $ | 6,399 | $ | 58,104 | $ | 183 | $ | 97,992 | $ | 79,433 |
(1) | See Securitization exposures section for securitization exposures that are subject to the standardized approach. |
We use credit ratings from S&P and Moodys to calculate credit risk RWA for certain exposures under the standardized approach, including securities issued by sovereigns and their central banks (sovereigns), banks and corporates, and deposits with sovereigns and banks. This includes S&P and Moodys issuer-specific credit ratings for securities issued by sovereigns and corporates, the S&P country credit rating for the country of incorporation for securities issued by banks, and deposits with banks, and the S&P country credit rating for deposits with central banks. The RWA calculated using credit ratings from these agencies represents 0.8% of credit risk RWA under the standardized approach.
Trading credit exposures
We have trading credit exposure (also called counterparty credit exposure) that arises from our OTC derivatives and our repo-style transactions. The nature of our derivatives exposure and how it is mitigated is further explained in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements. Our repo-style transactions consist of our securities bought or sold under repurchase agreements, and our securities borrowing and lending activity.
The PD of our counterparties is estimated using models consistent with the models used for our direct lending activity. Due to the fluctuations in the market values of interest rates, exchange rates, and equity and commodity prices, counterparty credit exposure cannot be quantified with certainty at the inception of the trade. Counterparty credit exposure is estimated using the current fair value of the exposure, plus an estimate of the maximum potential future exposure due to changes in the fair value. Credit risk associated with these counterparties is managed within the same process as our lending business, and for the purposes of credit adjudication, the exposure is aggregated with any exposure arising from our lending business. The majority of our counterparty credit exposure benefits from the credit risk mitigation techniques discussed above, including daily re-margining, and posting of collateral.
We are also exposed to wrong-way risk. Specific wrong-way risk arises when CIBC receives financial collateral issued (or an underlying reference obligation of a transaction is issued) by the counterparty itself, or by a related entity that would be considered to be part of the same common risk group. General wrong-way risk arises when the exposure and/or collateral pledged to CIBC is highly correlated to that of the counterparty. Exposure to wrong-way risk with derivative counterparties is monitored by Capital Markets Risk Management. Where we may be exposed to wrong-way risk, our adjudication procedures subject those transactions to a more rigorous approval process. The exposure may be hedged with other derivatives to further mitigate the risk that can arise from these transactions.
We establish a CVA for expected future credit losses from each of our derivative counterparties. The expected future credit loss is a function of our estimates of the PD, the estimated loss in the event of default, and other factors such as risk mitigants.
Rating profile of OTC derivative mark-to-market (MTM) receivables
$ billions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||
Exposure (1) | ||||||||||||||||
Investment grade |
$ | 11.18 | 79.1 | % | $ | 9.87 | 68.9 | % | ||||||||
Non-investment grade |
2.87 | 20.3 | 4.39 | 30.6 | ||||||||||||
Watch list |
0.09 | 0.6 | 0.07 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||
Default |
| | | | ||||||||||||
Unrated |
| | | | ||||||||||||
$ | 14.14 | 100.0 | % | $ | 14.33 | 100.0 | % |
(1) | MTM of the OTC derivative contracts is after the impact of master netting agreements, but before any collateral. |
Concentration of exposures
Concentration of credit risk exists when a number of obligors are engaged in similar activities, or operate in the same geographic areas or industry sectors, and have similar economic characteristics so that their ability to meet contractual obligations is similarly affected by changes in economic, political, or other conditions.
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Managements discussion and analysis |
Geographic distribution(1)
The following table provides a geographic distribution of our business and government exposures under the AIRB approach, net of collateral held for repo-style transactions.
$ millions, as at October 31, 2022 | Canada | U.S. | Europe | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||
Drawn |
$ | 195,500 | $ | 89,657 | $ | 13,330 | $ | 16,225 | $ | 314,712 | ||||||||||
Undrawn commitments |
51,733 | 16,322 | 3,693 | 2,579 | 74,327 | |||||||||||||||
Repo-style transactions |
8,629 | 5,430 | 1,857 | 2,663 | 18,579 | |||||||||||||||
Other off-balance sheet |
74,955 | 7,646 | 8,190 | 559 | 91,350 | |||||||||||||||
OTC derivatives |
11,100 | 6,547 | 2,157 | 2,052 | 21,856 | |||||||||||||||
$ | 341,917 | $ | 125,602 | $ | 29,227 | $ | 24,078 | $ | 520,824 | |||||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
$ | 301,992 | $ | 95,561 | $ | 28,504 | $ | 20,526 | $ | 446,583 |
(1) | Classification by country is primarily based on domicile of debtor or customer. |
Business and government exposure by industry groups
The following table provides an industry-wide breakdown of our business and government exposures under the AIRB approach, net of collateral held for repo-style transactions.
Undrawn | Repo-style | Other off- | OTC | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31 | Drawn | commitments | transactions | balance sheet | derivatives | Total | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgages |
$ | 9,098 | $ | 10 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 9,108 | $ | 9,665 | ||||||||||||||
Financial institutions |
93,137 | 13,940 | 17,504 | 79,477 | 10,991 | 215,049 | 187,163 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Retail and wholesale |
9,966 | 4,191 | | 391 | 308 | 14,856 | 12,120 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Business services |
9,675 | 3,054 | 8 | 634 | 330 | 13,701 | 11,253 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Manufacturing capital goods |
3,961 | 2,357 | | 275 | 313 | 6,906 | 5,577 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Manufacturing consumer goods |
5,131 | 2,163 | | 254 | 134 | 7,682 | 6,270 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate and construction |
39,584 | 10,477 | | 1,661 | 178 | 51,900 | 45,470 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Agriculture |
7,860 | 2,268 | | 34 | 90 | 10,252 | 9,306 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Oil and gas |
3,642 | 5,491 | | 646 | 5,429 | 15,208 | 15,931 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mining |
1,956 | 3,700 | | 755 | 211 | 6,622 | 4,903 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Forest products |
464 | 612 | | 217 | 60 | 1,353 | 1,220 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hardware and software |
3,348 | 1,544 | | 56 | 48 | 4,996 | 3,422 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Telecommunications and cable |
1,508 | 1,935 | | 365 | 308 | 4,116 | 3,440 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Broadcasting, publishing and printing |
460 | 118 | | 7 | 8 | 593 | 614 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Transportation |
5,873 | 3,647 | | 269 | 604 | 10,393 | 10,889 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Utilities |
15,567 | 11,365 | | 4,559 | 557 | 32,048 | 28,209 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Education, health, and social services |
3,691 | 1,621 | 2 | 191 | 104 | 5,609 | 5,530 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Governments |
99,791 | 5,834 | 1,065 | 1,559 | 2,183 | 110,432 | 85,601 | |||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 314,712 | $ | 74,327 | $ | 18,579 | $ | 91,350 | $ | 21,856 | $ | 520,824 | $ | 446,583 |
As part of our risk mitigation strategy, we may use credit protection purchases as a hedge against customer or industry sector concentration. As at October 31, 2022, we had no credit protection purchased (2021: $124 million) related to our business and government loans.
Credit quality of the retail portfolios
The following table presents the credit quality of our retail portfolios under the AIRB approach.
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
EAD | ||||||||||||||||||||
Risk level | Real estate secured personal lending |
Qualifying revolving retail |
Other retail |
Total | Total | |||||||||||||||
Exceptionally low |
$ | 243,056 | $ | 47,835 | $ | 3,183 | $ | 294,074 | $ | 282,648 | ||||||||||
Very low |
40,396 | 9,035 | 6,282 | 55,713 | 48,481 | |||||||||||||||
Low |
31,437 | 13,122 | 7,503 | 52,062 | 44,718 | |||||||||||||||
Medium |
3,804 | 5,839 | 2,600 | 12,243 | 11,551 | |||||||||||||||
High |
587 | 1,002 | 1,203 | 2,792 | 1,953 | |||||||||||||||
Default |
276 | 47 | 101 | 424 | 383 | |||||||||||||||
$ | 319,556 | $ | 76,880 | $ | 20,872 | $ | 417,308 | $ | 389,734 |
Securitization exposures
The following table provides details on securitization exposures in our banking book, by credit rating.
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
EAD | ||||||||
Exposures under the AIRB approach |
||||||||
S&P rating equivalent |
||||||||
AAA to BBB- |
$ | 15,333 | $ | 10,823 | ||||
BB+ to BB- |
| | ||||||
Below BB- |
| | ||||||
Unrated |
| | ||||||
15,333 | 10,823 | |||||||
Exposures under the standardized approach |
3,257 | 4,556 | ||||||
Total securitization exposures |
$ | 18,590 | $ | 15,379 |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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Government lending programs in response to COVID-19
In 2020, the Government of Canada launched a number of lending programs to provide credit and financing to businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. CIBC participated in a number of those programs, including the Canada Emergency Business Account (CEBA) program with the Export Development Canada (EDC). Loans advanced under the CEBA program are not recognized on our consolidated balance sheet because they are funded by EDC and all of the resulting cash flows and associated risks and rewards, including any exposure to payment defaults and principal forgiveness, are assumed by EDC. As at October 31, 2022, loans of $4.1 billion (2021: $4.5 billion), net of repayments, have been provided to our clients under the CEBA. Funded loans outstanding on our consolidated balance sheet under other Canadian lending programs for businesses that commenced during the pandemic were $0.4 billion (2021: $0.3 billion).
The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), introduced by the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), was a forgivable loan program that ended on May 31, 2021. PPP loans are guaranteed by the U.S. SBA. Loans advanced under the PPP are recognized on our consolidated balance sheet as business and government loans with the SBAs guarantee reflected in our estimate of the ECL associated with these loans. Loans outstanding under the PPP in the U.S. were US$54 million (2021: US$0.5 billion).
Real estate secured personal lending
Real estate secured personal lending comprises residential mortgages, and personal loans and lines secured by residential property (HELOC). This portfolio is lower risk compared with other retail portfolios, as we have a first charge on the majority of the properties and a second lien on only a small portion of the portfolio. We use the same lending criteria in the adjudication of both first lien and second lien loans.
Under the Bank Act (Canada), banks are limited to providing residential real estate loans of no more than 80% of the collateral value. An exception is made for mortgage loans with a higher LTV ratio if they are insured by either CMHC or a private mortgage insurer. Mortgage insurance protects banks from the risk of default by the borrower, over the term of the coverage. Mortgage insurers are subject to regulatory capital requirements, which aim to ensure that they are well capitalized. If a private mortgage insurer becomes insolvent, the Government of Canada has, provided certain conditions are met, obligations in respect of policies underwritten by certain insolvent private mortgage insurers as more fully described in the Protection of Residential Mortgage or Hypothecary Insurance Act (PRMHIA). There is a possibility that losses could be incurred in respect of insured mortgages if, among other things, CMHC or the applicable private mortgage insurer denies a claim, or further, if a private mortgage insurer becomes insolvent and either the conditions under the PRMHIA are not met or the Government of Canada denies the claim.
The following disclosures are required by OSFI pursuant to the Guideline B-20 Residential Mortgage Underwriting Practices and Procedures (Guideline B-20).
The following table provides details on our residential mortgage and HELOC portfolios:
Residential mortgages (1) | HELOC (2) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ billions, as at October 31, 2022 | Insured | Uninsured | Uninsured | Insured | Uninsured | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ontario (3) |
$ | 21.8 | 15 | % | $ | 123.4 | 85 | % | $ | 10.9 | 100 | % | $ | 21.8 | 14 | % | $ | 134.3 | 86 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
British Columbia and territories (4) |
7.3 | 14 | 44.8 | 86 | 4.0 | 100 | 7.3 | 13 | 48.8 | 87 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alberta |
12.0 | 45 | 14.9 | 55 | 2.0 | 100 | 12.0 | 42 | 16.9 | 58 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quebec |
5.2 | 25 | 15.9 | 75 | 1.2 | 100 | 5.2 | 23 | 17.1 | 77 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Central prairie provinces |
3.1 | 42 | 4.3 | 58 | 0.6 | 100 | 3.1 | 39 | 4.9 | 61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Atlantic provinces |
3.2 | 36 | 5.8 | 64 | 0.7 | 100 | 3.2 | 33 | 6.5 | 67 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canadian portfolio (5)(6) |
52.6 | 20 | 209.1 | 80 | 19.4 | 100 | 52.6 | 19 | 228.5 | 81 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. portfolio (5) |
| | 2.4 | 100 | | | | | 2.4 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other international portfolio (5) |
| | 2.7 | 100 | | | | | 2.7 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total portfolio |
$ | 52.6 | 20 | % | $ | 214.2 | 80 | % | $ | 19.4 | 100 | % | $ | 52.6 | 18 | % | $ | 233.6 | 82 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
$ | 59.6 | 24 | % | $ | 187.9 | 76 | % | $ | 18.8 | 100 | % | $ | 59.6 | 22 | % | $ | 206.7 | 78 | % |
(1) | Balances reflect principal values. |
(2) | We did not have any insured HELOCs as at October 31, 2022 and 2021. |
(3) | Includes $9.9 billion (2021: $11.7 billion) of insured residential mortgages, $77.0 billion (2021: $67.7 billion) of uninsured residential mortgages, and $6.3 billion (2021: $6.0 billion) of HELOCs in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). |
(4) | Includes $3.2 billion (2021: $3.8 billion) of insured residential mortgages, $30.6 billion (2021: $27.9 billion) of uninsured residential mortgages, and $2.5 billion (2021: $2.4 billion) of HELOCs in the Greater Vancouver Area (GVA). |
(5) | Geographic location is based on the address of the property. |
(6) | 61% (2021: 64%) of insurance on Canadian residential mortgages is provided by CMHC and the remaining by two private Canadian insurers, both rated at least AA (low) by DBRS. |
The average LTV ratios(1) for our uninsured residential mortgages and HELOCs originated and acquired during the year are provided in the following table:
For the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
HELOC | Residential mortgages |
HELOC | |||||||||||||
Ontario (2) |
65 | % | 65 | % | 64 | % | 68 | % | ||||||||
British Columbia and territories (3) |
62 | 64 | 61 | 65 | ||||||||||||
Alberta |
72 | 72 | 69 | 73 | ||||||||||||
Quebec |
69 | 71 | 68 | 73 | ||||||||||||
Central prairie provinces |
71 | 73 | 69 | 74 | ||||||||||||
Atlantic provinces |
70 | 70 | 69 | 73 | ||||||||||||
Canadian portfolio (4) |
65 | 66 | 64 | 68 | ||||||||||||
U.S. portfolio (4) |
64 | 61 | 63 | 65 | ||||||||||||
Other international portfolio (4) |
73 | % | n/m | 75 | % | n/m |
(1) | LTV ratios for newly originated and acquired residential mortgages and HELOCs are calculated based on weighted average. |
(2) | Average LTV ratios for our uninsured GTA residential mortgages originated during the year were 65% (2021: 64%). |
(3) | Average LTV ratios for our uninsured GVA residential mortgages originated during the year were 62% (2021: 61%). |
(4) | Geographic location is based on the address of the property. |
n/m | Not meaningful. |
66 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
The following table provides the average LTV ratios on our total Canadian residential mortgage portfolio:
Insured | Uninsured | |||||||
October 31, 2022 (1)(2) |
50 | % | 48 | % | ||||
October 31, 2021 (1)(2) |
51 | % | 49 | % |
(1) | LTV ratios for residential mortgages are calculated based on weighted average. The house price estimates for October 31, 2022 and 2021 are based on the Forward Sortation Area (FSA) level indices from the Teranet National Bank National Composite House Price Index (Teranet) as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Teranet is an independent estimate of the rate of change in Canadian home prices. |
(2) | Average LTV ratio on our uninsured GTA residential mortgage portfolio was 48% (2021: 47%). Average LTV ratio on our uninsured GVA residential mortgage portfolio was 44% (2021: 45%). |
The tables below summarize the remaining amortization profile of our total Canadian, U.S. and other international residential mortgages. The first table provides the remaining amortization periods based on the minimum contractual payment amounts with the assumption that variable rate mortgages renew at payment amounts that maintain the original amortization schedule. The second table summarizes the remaining amortization profile of our total Canadian, U.S. and other international residential mortgages based upon current customer payment amounts.
Contractual payment basis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
05 years | >510 years |
>1015 years |
>1520 years |
>2025 years |
>2530 years |
>3035 years |
>35 years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canadian portfolio |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2022 |
| % | 1 | % | 1 | % | 10 | % | 54 | % | 34 | % | | % | | % | ||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
| % | 1 | % | 1 | % | 8 | % | 57 | % | 33 | % | | % | | % | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. portfolio |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2022 |
| % | 1 | % | | % | 2 | % | 9 | % | 88 | % | | % | | % | ||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
| % | 1 | % | | % | 1 | % | 10 | % | 88 | % | | % | | % | ||||||||||||||||
Other international portfolio |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2022 |
7 | % | 12 | % | 21 | % | 23 | % | 20 | % | 15 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
8 | % | 15 | % | 21 | % | 23 | % | 19 | % | 13 | % | 1 | % | | % | ||||||||||||||||
Current customer payment basis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
05 years | >510 years |
>1015 years |
>1520 years |
>2025 years |
>2530 years |
>3035 years |
>35 years (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canadian portfolio |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2022 |
1 | % | 3 | % | 5 | % | 13 | % | 31 | % | 17 | % | 4 | % | 26 | % | ||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
1 | % | 3 | % | 7 | % | 17 | % | 45 | % | 27 | % | | % | | % | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. portfolio |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2022 |
1 | % | 2 | % | 6 | % | 9 | % | 10 | % | 72 | % | | % | | % | ||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
1 | % | 3 | % | 6 | % | 9 | % | 10 | % | 71 | % | | % | | % | ||||||||||||||||
Other international portfolio |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2022 |
7 | % | 12 | % | 21 | % | 23 | % | 20 | % | 15 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
7 | % | 12 | % | 21 | % | 24 | % | 19 | % | 15 | % | 1 | % | | % |
(1) | Includes variable rate mortgages of $68 billion, of which $39 billion relates to mortgages in which all of the fixed contractual payments are currently being applied to interest based on the rates in effect at October 31, 2022 and the terms of the mortgages, with the portion of the contractual interest requirement not met by the payments being added to the principal. Since the amortization profile reflected in this table is based on the current amount of existing contractual payments, it does not reflect that the contractual payment amount is required to be increased at the time of renewal by the amount necessary to reduce the amortization period down to the period in effect at the time the mortgage was originally provided. |
The increase in the duration of the amortization profile is driven by the prime rate increases that commenced earlier in 2022, impacting clients with a variable rate mortgage. The increase in interest rates had no impact on the remaining amortization period for fixed rate mortgages which in the current interest rate environment are assumed to be renewed at the same or a shorter amortization period.
We have two types of condominium exposures in Canada: mortgages and developer loans. Both are primarily concentrated in the Toronto and Vancouver areas. As at October 31, 2022, our Canadian condominium mortgages were $38.7 billion (2021: $34.7 billion), of which 20% (2021: 24%) were insured. Our drawn developer loans were $1.7 billion (2021: $1.1 billion), or 0.8% (2021: 0.7%) of our business and government portfolio, and our related undrawn exposure was $5.9 billion (2021: $4.9 billion). The condominium developer exposure is diversified across 112 projects.
We stress test our mortgage and HELOC portfolios to determine the potential impact of different economic events. Our stress tests can use variables such as unemployment rates, debt service ratios and housing price changes, to model potential outcomes for a given set of circumstances. The stress testing involves variables that could behave differently in certain situations. Our main tests use economic variables in a similar range or more conservative to historical events when Canada experienced economic downturns, and also incorporate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that in an economic downturn, our capital position should be sufficient to absorb mortgage and HELOC losses.
On December 17, 2021, OSFI and the Department of Finance confirmed that the minimum qualifying rate for uninsured and insured mortgages will remain the higher of: (i) the mortgage contract rate plus 2%; or (ii) 5.25% as a minimum floor.
OSFI Clarification on the Treatment of Innovative Real Estate Secured Lending Products under Guideline B-20
On June 28, 2022, OSFI released a new Advisory (Clarification on the Treatment of Innovative Real Estate Secured Lending Products under Guideline B-20), which complements existing expectations under Guideline B-20. The Advisory articulates OSFIs expectations regarding underwriting practices and procedures for reverse residential mortgages, residential mortgages with shared equity features and Combined Loan Plans (CLPs), which are applicable to all FRFIs that are engaged in residential mortgage underwriting and/or the acquisition of residential mortgage loan assets in Canada. The changes will affect CIBCs Home Power Plan (HPP) product, which is considered a CLP, with LTVs above 65% when combined with related mortgage products. OSFI expects that HPPs with balances above the 65% LTV limit after considering the associated mortgage to be both amortizing and non-readvanceable until the combined LTV reduces to 65%. For previously originated HPPs, principal payments on both the mortgage and HPP are required to be matched by a reduction in the aggregate authorized limit until it reduces to a 65% LTV. This change will take place for existing borrowers upon the first renewal date of their HPP after October 2023. We expect to discontinue the origination of HPPs that do not meet these requirements by October 2023.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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67
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Managements discussion and analysis |
As at October 31, 2022, total loans and acceptances after allowance for credit losses were $528.7 billion (2021: $462.9 billion). Consumer loans (comprising residential mortgages, credit cards, and personal loans, including student loans) constitute 62% (2021: 65%) of the portfolio, and business and government loans (including acceptances) constitute the remainder of the portfolio.
Consumer loans were up $26.8 billion or 9% from the prior year, primarily due to an increase in residential mortgages and credit cards. Business and government loans (including acceptances) were up $39.0 billion or 24% from the prior year, mainly attributable to financial institutions, real estate and construction, business services, and retail and wholesale.
Impaired loans
The following table provides details of our impaired loans and allowance for credit losses:
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government loans |
Consumer loans |
Total | Business and government loans |
Consumer loans |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Gross impaired loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 1,033 | $ | 800 | $ | 1,833 | $ | 1,359 | $ | 990 | $ | 2,349 | ||||||||||||
Classified as impaired during the year |
491 | 1,456 | 1,947 | 750 | 1,686 | 2,436 | ||||||||||||||||||
Transferred to performing during the year |
(100 | ) | (294 | ) | (394 | ) | (235 | ) | (574 | ) | (809 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net repayments (1) |
(243 | ) | (448 | ) | (691 | ) | (511 | ) | (579 | ) | (1,090 | ) | ||||||||||||
Amounts written off |
(312 | ) | (718 | ) | (1,030 | ) | (279 | ) | (707 | ) | (986 | ) | ||||||||||||
Foreign exchange and other |
51 | 27 | 78 | (51 | ) | (16 | ) | (67 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 920 | $ | 823 | $ | 1,743 | $ | 1,033 | $ | 800 | $ | 1,833 | ||||||||||||
Allowance for credit losses impaired loans |
$ | 351 | $ | 313 | $ | 664 | $ | 508 | $ | 264 | $ | 772 | ||||||||||||
Net impaired loans (2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 525 | $ | 536 | $ | 1,061 | $ | 709 | $ | 726 | $ | 1,435 | ||||||||||||
Net change in gross impaired |
(113 | ) | 23 | (90 | ) | (326 | ) | (190 | ) | (516 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net change in allowance |
157 | (49 | ) | 108 | 142 | | 142 | |||||||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 569 | $ | 510 | $ | 1,079 | $ | 525 | $ | 536 | $ | 1,061 | ||||||||||||
Net impaired loans as a percentage of net loans and acceptances |
0.20 | % | 0.23 | % |
(1) | Includes disposal of loans. |
(2) | Net impaired loans are gross impaired loans net of stage 3 allowance for credit losses. |
Gross impaired loans
As at October 31, 2022, gross impaired loans were $1,743 million, down $90 million from the prior year, primarily due to decreases in the Canadian residential mortgages portfolio, and the real estate and construction, and utilities sectors, partially offset by the impact of U.S. dollar appreciation on our existing portfolio, and an increase in the education, health and social services sector.
57% of gross impaired loans related to Canada, of which the residential mortgages and personal lending portfolios, as well as the retail and wholesale, and education, health and social services sectors accounted for the majority.
21% of gross impaired loans related to the U.S., of which the real estate and construction, capital goods manufacturing, and business services sectors accounted for the majority.
The remaining gross impaired loans related to CIBC FirstCaribbean, of which the residential mortgages and personal lending portfolios, as well as the real estate and construction, and business services sectors accounted for the majority.
See the Supplementary annual financial information section for additional details on the geographic distribution and industry classification of impaired loans.
Allowance for credit losses impaired loans
Allowance for credit losses on impaired loans was $664 million, down $108 million from the prior year, primarily due to decreases in the utilities, real estate and construction, and business services sectors, partially offset by the impact of the U.S. dollar appreciation on our existing portfolio.
Loans contractually past due but not impaired
The following table provides an aging analysis of loans that are not impaired, where repayment of principal or payment of interest is contractually in arrears. Loans less than 30 days past due are excluded as such loans are not generally indicative of the borrowers ability to meet their payment obligations.
$ millions, as at October 31 | 31 to 90 days |
Over 90 days |
2022 Total |
2021 Total |
||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
$ | 874 | $ | | $ | 874 | $ | 703 | ||||||||
Personal |
247 | | 247 | 146 | ||||||||||||
Credit card (1) |
206 | 125 | 331 | 203 | ||||||||||||
Business and government |
256 | | 256 | 162 | ||||||||||||
$ | 1,583 | $ | 125 | $ | 1,708 | $ | 1,214 |
(1) | For the acquired Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, the credit cards were transferred in the aging category that applied at the time of acquisition and have continued to age to the extent a payment has not been made. |
During the year, gross interest income that would have been recorded if impaired loans were treated as current was $87 million (2021: $96 million), of which $45 million (2021: $55 million) was in Canada and $42 million (2021: $41 million) was outside Canada. During the year, interest recognized on impaired loans was $35 million (2021: $41 million), and interest recognized on loans before being classified as impaired was $31 million (2021: $30 million), of which $23 million (2021: $21 million) was in Canada and $8 million (2021: $9 million) was outside Canada.
68 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
Exposure to certain countries and regions
The following table provides our exposure to certain countries and regions outside of Canada and the U.S.
Our direct exposures presented in the table below comprise (A) funded on-balance sheet loans (stated at amortized cost net of stage 3 allowance for credit losses, if any), deposits with banks (stated at amortized cost net of stage 3 allowance for credit losses, if any) and securities (stated at carrying value); (B) unfunded unutilized credit commitments, letters of credit, and guarantees (stated at notional amount net of stage 3 allowance for credit losses, if any); and (C) derivative MTM receivables (stated at fair value) and repo-style transactions (stated at fair value).
The following table provides a summary of our positions in these regions:
Direct exposures | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Funded | Unfunded | Derivative MTM receivables and repo-style transactions (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31, 2022 | Corporate | Sovereign | Banks | Total funded (A) |
Corporate | Banks | Total unfunded (B) |
Corporate | Sovereign | Banks | Net exposure (C) |
Total direct exposure (A)+(B)+(C) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.K. |
$ | 6,439 | $ | 1,537 | $ | 2,562 | $ | 10,538 | $ | 6,251 | $ | 541 | $ | 6,792 | $ | 809 | $ | | $ | 439 | $ | 1,248 | $ | 18,578 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Europe excluding U.K. (2) |
6,366 | 772 | 5,987 | 13,125 | 5,557 | 1,157 | 6,714 | 146 | 96 | 455 | 697 | 20,536 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Caribbean |
5,167 | 2,343 | 3,151 | 10,661 | 1,810 | 2,299 | 4,109 | 30 | | 275 | 305 | 15,075 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Latin America (3) |
180 | 84 | 15 | 279 | 213 | | 213 | | 43 | 1 | 44 | 536 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asia |
455 | 4,716 | 3,185 | 8,356 | 127 | 385 | 512 | | 226 | 679 | 905 | 9,773 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oceania (4) |
7,609 | 1,641 | 1,440 | 10,690 | 3,561 | 204 | 3,765 | 38 | | 87 | 125 | 14,580 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
508 | | 100 | 608 | 498 | 5 | 503 | | | | | 1,111 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total (5) |
$ | 26,724 | $ | 11,093 | $ | 16,440 | $ | 54,257 | $ | 18,017 | $ | 4,591 | $ | 22,608 | $ | 1,023 | $ | 365 | $ | 1,936 | $ | 3,324 | $ | 80,189 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
$ | 13,496 | $ | 12,483 | $ | 9,153 | $ | 35,132 | $ | 9,366 | $ | 5,422 | $ | 14,788 | $ | 912 | $ | 339 | $ | 1,630 | $ | 2,881 | $ | 52,801 |
(1) | The amounts shown are net of CVA and collateral. Collateral on derivative MTM receivables was $6.5 billion (2021: $4.6 billion), collateral on repo-style transactions was $62.4 billion (2021: $60.5 billion), and both comprise cash and investment grade debt securities. |
(2) | Exposures to Russia and Ukraine are de minimis. |
(3) | Includes Mexico, Central America and South America. |
(4) | Includes Australia and New Zealand. |
(5) | Excludes exposure of $4,355 million (2021: $4,947 million) to supranationals (a multinational organization or a political union comprising member nation-states). |
Settlement risk is the risk that during an agreed concurrent exchange of currency or principal payments, the counterparty will fail to make its payment to CIBC. This risk can arise in general trading activities and from payment and settlement system participation.
Many global settlement systems offer significant risk reduction benefits through complex risk mitigation frameworks. Bilateral payment netting agreements may be put in place to mitigate risk by reducing the aggregate settlement amount between counterparties. Further, we participate in several North American payment and settlement systems, including a global foreign exchange multilateral netting system. We also use financial intermediaries to access some payment and settlement systems, and for certain trades, we may utilize an established clearing house to minimize settlement risk.
Transactions settled outside of payment and settlement systems or clearing houses require approval of credit facilities for counterparties, either as pre-approved settlement risk limits or payment-versus-payment arrangements.
We engage in three types of securitization activities: we securitize assets that we originate, we securitize assets originated by third parties and we engage in trading activities related to securitized products.
We securitize assets that we originate principally as a funding mechanism. The credit risk on the underlying assets in these transactions is transferred to the SE, with CIBC retaining first loss exposure and other investors exposed to the remaining credit risk.
Securitization activities relating to assets originated by third parties can include the securitization of those assets through ABCP conduits (or similar programs) that we sponsor (including both consolidated and non-consolidated SEs; see the Off-balance sheet arrangements section and Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements for additional details), or through direct exposure to a client-sponsored structured entity. Risks associated with securitization exposures to client-originated assets are mitigated through the transaction structure, which includes credit enhancements. For the transactions where we retain credit risk on the exposures that we hold, we earn interest income on these holdings. For the transactions in the non-consolidated ABCP conduits, we are also exposed to liquidity risk associated with the potential inability to roll over maturing ABCP in the market. We earn fee income for the services that we provide to these ABCP conduits.
We are also involved in the trading of ABS and ABCP to earn income in our role as underwriter and market maker. We are exposed to credit and market risk on the securities that we hold in inventory on a temporary basis until such securities are sold to an investor.
Capital requirements for exposures arising from securitization activities are determined using one of the following approaches: SEC-IRBA, SEC-ERBA, SEC-IAA, or SEC-SA.
The SEC-IAA process relies on internal risk ratings and is utilized for securitization exposures relating to ABCP conduits when external ratings are not available for the securitization exposures but the ABCP itself is externally rated. The internal assessment process involves an evaluation of a number of factors, including, but not limited to, pool characteristics, including asset eligibility criteria and concentration limits, transaction triggers, the asset sellers risk profile, servicing capabilities, and cash flow stress testing. Cash flows are stress-tested based on historical asset performance using our internal cash flow stress testing models by asset type. These models are subject to our model risk mitigation policies and are independently reviewed by the Model Validation team in Risk Management. The stress test factors used to determine the transaction risk profile and required credit enhancement levels are tailored for each asset type and transaction based on the assessment of the factors described above and are done in accordance with our internal risk rating methodologies and guidelines. Internal risk ratings are mapped to equivalent external ratings of external credit assessment institutions (DBRS, Fitch, Moodys and S&P) and are used to determine the appropriate risk weights for capital purposes. Securitization exposures and underlying asset performance are monitored on an ongoing basis. Risk Management serves as a second line of defence providing independent oversight regarding risk rating assumptions and adjudicating on the assignment of the internal risk ratings. SEC-IAA applies to various asset types in our ABCP conduits including, but not limited to, auto loans and leases, consumer loans, credit cards, equipment loans and leases, fleet lease receivables, franchise loans, residential mortgages and residential rental equipment.
Internal risk ratings determined for securitization exposures are also used in the estimation of ECL as required under IFRS 9, determining economic capital, and for setting risk limits.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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Managements discussion and analysis |
Market risk is the risk of economic and/or financial loss in our trading and non-trading portfolios from adverse changes in underlying market factors, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity market prices, commodity prices, credit spreads, and customer behaviour for retail products. Market risk arises in CIBCs trading and treasury activities, and encompasses all market-related positioning and market-making activity.
The trading portfolio consists of positions in financial instruments and commodities held to meet the near-term needs of our clients.
The non-trading portfolio consists of positions in various currencies that are related to ALM and investment activities.
Market risk is managed through the three lines of defence model. The first line of defence comprises frontline businesses and governance groups that are responsible for managing the market risk associated with their activities.
The second line of defence is Risk Management, which has a dedicated market risk manager for each trading business, supplemented by regional risk managers located in all of our major trading centres, facilitating comprehensive risk coverage, including the measurement, monitoring and control of market risk.
Internal audit is the third line of defence providing reasonable assurance to senior management and the Audit Committee of the Board on the effectiveness of CIBCs governance practices, risk management processes, and internal control as part of its risk-based audit plan and in accordance with its mandate as described in the Internal Audit Charter.
Senior management reports material risk matters to the GRC and RMC at least quarterly, including material transactions, limit compliance, and portfolio trends.
We have comprehensive policies for the management of market risk. These policies are related to the identification and measurement of various types of market risk, their inclusion in the trading portfolio, and the establishment of limits within which we monitor, manage and report our overall exposures. Our policies also outline the requirements for the construction of valuation models, model review and validation, independent checking of the valuation of positions, the establishment of valuation adjustments, and alignment with accounting policies including MTM and mark-to-model methodologies.
We have risk tolerance levels, expressed in terms of statistically based VaR measures, potential stress losses, and notional or other limits as appropriate. We use a multi-tiered approach to set limits on the amounts of risk that we can assume in our trading and non-trading activities, as follows:
| Board limits control consolidated market risk; |
| Management limits control market risk for CIBC overall and are lower than the Board limits to allow for a buffer in the event of extreme market moves and/or extraordinary client needs; |
| Tier 2 limits control market risk at the business unit level; and |
| Tier 3 limits control market risk at the sub-business unit or desk level. |
Management limits are established by the CRO, consistent with the risk appetite statement approved by the Board. Tier 2 and Tier 3 limits are approved at levels of management commensurate with the risk assumed.
Market risk exposures are monitored daily against approved risk limits, and processes are in place to monitor that only authorized activities are undertaken. We generate daily risk and limit-monitoring reports, based on the previous days positions. Summary market risk and limit compliance reports are produced and reviewed periodically with the GRC and RMC.
We use the following measures for market risk:
| VaR enables the meaningful comparison of the risks in different businesses and asset classes. VaR is determined by the combined modelling of VaR for each of interest rate, credit spread, equity, foreign exchange, commodity, and debt specific risks, along with the portfolio effect arising from the interrelationship of the different risks (diversification effect): |
| Interest rate risk measures the impact of changes in interest rates and volatilities on cash instruments and derivatives. |
| Credit spread risk measures the impact of changes in credit spreads of provincial, municipal and agency bonds, sovereign bonds, corporate bonds, securitized products, and credit derivatives such as credit default swaps. |
| Equity risk measures the impact of changes in equity prices and volatilities. |
| Foreign exchange risk measures the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates and volatilities. |
| Commodity risk measures the impact of changes in commodity prices and volatilities, including the basis between related commodities. |
| Debt specific risk measures the impact of changes in the volatility of the yield of a debt instrument as compared with the volatility of the yield of a representative bond index. |
| Diversification effect reflects the risk reduction achieved across various financial instrument types, counterparties, currencies and regions. The extent of the diversification benefit depends on the correlation between the assets and risk factors in the portfolio at a particular time. |
| Price sensitivity measures the change in value of a portfolio to a small change in a given underlying parameter, so that component risks may be examined in isolation, and the portfolio rebalanced accordingly to achieve a desired exposure. |
| Stressed VaR enables the meaningful comparison of the risks in different businesses and asset classes under stressful conditions. Changes to rates, prices, volatilities, and spreads over a 10-day horizon from a stressful historical period are applied to current positions to determine stressed VaR. |
| IRC measures the required capital due to credit migration and default risk for debt securities held in the trading portfolios. |
| Back-testing validates the effectiveness of risk measurement through analysis of observed and theoretical profit and loss outcomes. |
| Stress testing and scenario analysis provide insight into portfolio behaviour under extreme circumstances. |
70 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
The following table provides balances on the consolidated balance sheet that are subject to market risk. Certain differences between accounting and risk classifications are detailed in the footnotes below:
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subject to market risk (1) | Subject to market risk (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated balance sheet |
Trading | Non- trading |
Not subject to market risk |
Consolidated balance sheet |
Trading | Non- trading |
Not subject to market risk |
Non-traded risk primary risk sensitivity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks |
$ | 31,535 | $ | | $ | 3,009 | $ | 28,526 | $ | 34,573 | $ | | $ | 2,661 | $ | 31,912 | Foreign exchange | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits with banks |
32,326 | 9 | 32,317 | | 22,424 | 19 | 22,405 | | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities |
175,879 | 50,295 | 125,584 | | 161,401 | 56,028 | 105,373 | | Interest rate, equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash collateral on securities borrowed |
15,326 | | 15,326 | | 12,368 | | 12,368 | | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under resale agreements |
69,213 | | 69,213 | | 67,572 | | 67,572 | | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
269,706 | | 269,706 | | 251,526 | | 251,526 | | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
45,429 | | 45,429 | | 41,897 | | 41,897 | | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit card |
16,479 | | 16,479 | | 11,134 | | 11,134 | | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
188,542 | 209 | (2) | 188,333 | | 150,213 | 24,780 | (2) | 125,433 | | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for credit losses |
(3,073 | ) | | (3,073 | ) | | (2,849 | ) | | (2,849 | ) | | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
43,035 | 40,048 | 2,987 | | 35,912 | 34,589 | 1,323 | | Interest rate, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
foreign exchange | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Customers liability under acceptances |
11,574 | | 11,574 | | 10,958 | | 10,958 | | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets |
47,626 | 2,025 | 34,294 | 11,307 | 40,554 | 2,977 | 26,743 | 10,834 | Interest rate, equity, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
foreign exchange | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 943,597 | $ | 92,586 | $ | 811,178 | $ | 39,833 | $ | 837,683 | $ | 118,393 | $ | 676,544 | $ | 42,746 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
$ | 697,572 | $ | 714 | (3) | $ | 626,562 | $ | 70,296 | $ | 621,158 | $ | 609 | (3) | $ | 548,419 | $ | 72,130 | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold short |
15,284 | 14,216 | 1,068 | | 22,790 | 19,472 | 3,318 | | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash collateral on securities lent |
4,853 | | 4,853 | | 2,463 | | 2,463 | | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements |
77,171 | | 77,171 | | 71,880 | | 71,880 | | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
52,340 | 46,393 | 5,947 | | 32,101 | 30,882 | 1,219 | | Interest rate, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
foreign exchange | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acceptances |
11,586 | | 11,586 | | 10,961 | | 10,961 | | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
28,117 | 2,836 | 14,347 | 10,934 | 24,961 | 2,705 | 11,344 | 10,912 | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness |
6,292 | | 6,292 | | 5,539 | | 5,539 | | Interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 893,215 | $ | 64,159 | $ | 747,826 | $ | 81,230 | $ | 791,853 | $ | 53,668 | $ | 655,143 | $ | 83,042 |
(1) | Funding valuation adjustment (FVA) exposures are excluded from trading activities for regulatory capital purposes, with related derivative hedges to these FVA exposures also excluded. |
(2) | Excludes nil (2021: $48 million) of loans that are warehoused for future securitization purposes. These are considered non-trading for market risk purposes. |
(3) | Comprises FVO deposits which are considered trading for market risk purposes. |
We hold positions in traded financial contracts to meet client investment and risk management needs. Trading revenue (net interest income and non-interest income) is generated from these transactions. Trading instruments are recorded at fair value and include debt and equity securities, as well as interest rate, foreign exchange, equity, commodity, and credit derivative products.
Value-at-risk
Our VaR methodology is a statistical technique that measures the potential overnight loss at a 99% confidence level. We use a full revaluation historical simulation methodology to compute VaR, stressed VaR and other risk measures.
Although a valuable guide to risk, VaR should always be viewed in the context of its limitations. For example:
| The use of historical data for estimating future events will not encompass all potential events, particularly those that are extreme in nature. |
| The use of a one-day holding period assumes that all positions can be liquidated, or the risks offset in one day. This may not fully reflect the market risk arising at times of severe illiquidity, when a one-day period may be insufficient to liquidate or hedge all positions fully. |
| The use of a 99% confidence level does not take into account losses that might occur beyond this level of confidence. |
| VaR is calculated on the basis of exposures outstanding at the close of business and assumes no management action to mitigate losses. |
The VaR table below presents market risks by type of risk and in aggregate. The risks are interrelated and the diversification effect reflects the reduction of risk due to portfolio effects among the trading positions. Our trading risk exposures to interest rates and credit spreads arise from activities in the global debt and derivative markets, particularly from transactions in the Canadian, U.S. and European markets. The primary instruments are government and corporate debt, and interest rate derivatives. The majority of the trading exposure to foreign exchange risk arises from transactions involving the Canadian dollar, U.S. dollar, Euro, Pound sterling, Australian dollar, Chinese yuan and Japanese yen, whereas the primary risks of losses in equities are in the U.S., Canadian and European markets. Trading exposure to commodities arises primarily from transactions involving North American natural gas, crude oil products, and precious metals.
Stressed VaR
The stressed VaR measure is intended to replicate the VaR calculation that would be generated for our current portfolio if the values of the relevant market risk factors were sourced from a period of stressed market conditions. The model inputs are calibrated to historical data from a continuous 12-month period of significant financial stress relevant to our current portfolio since December 2006. In 2022, our stressed VaR window has been the 20082009 Global Financial Crisis period. This historical period exhibited not only increased volatility in interest rates but also increased volatility in equity prices, combined with a reduction in the level of interest rates, and an increase in credit spreads.
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Incremental risk charge
IRC is a measure of default and migration risk for debt securities held in the trading portfolios. Our IRC methodology measures the risk of issuer migration and default, at a 99.9% confidence level, over a period of one year.
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
High | Low | As at | Average | High | Low | As at | Average | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
$ | 16.3 | $ | 4.7 | $ | 6.0 | $ | 7.3 | $ | 15.0 | $ | 4.1 | $ | 5.7 | $ | 8.7 | ||||||||||||||||
Credit spread risk |
11.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 3.4 | 11.8 | 5.8 | 8.4 | 8.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity risk |
10.5 | 2.6 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 7.8 | 2.3 | 6.5 | 4.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange risk |
4.8 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 3.8 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commodity risk |
6.0 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 6.1 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 3.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt specific risk |
3.3 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 5.7 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 3.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diversification effect (1) |
n/m | n/m | (8.1 | ) | (13.2 | ) | n/m | n/m | (18.5 | ) | (21.2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total VaR (one-day measure) |
$ | 14.6 | $ | 5.5 | $ | 7.6 | $ | 8.7 | $ | 13.9 | $ | 4.6 | $ | 7.9 | $ | 7.6 | ||||||||||||||||
Stressed total VaR (one-day measure) |
$ | 49.9 | $ | 16.1 | $ | 31.2 | $ | 30.0 | $ | 40.8 | $ | 15.3 | $ | 33.2 | $ | 28.0 | ||||||||||||||||
IRC (one-year measure) (2) |
$ | 178.9 | $ | 95.7 | $ | 114.0 | $ | 130.7 | $ | 266.4 | $ | 144.6 | $ | 182.3 | $ | 203.5 |
(1) | Total VaR is less than the sum of the VaR of the different market risk types due to risk offsets resulting from a portfolio diversification effect. |
(2) | High and low IRC are not equal to the sum of the constituent parts, because the highs and lows of the constituent parts may occur on different days. |
n/m | Not meaningful. It is not meaningful to compute a diversification effect because the high and low may occur on different days for different risk types. |
Average total VaR for the year ended October 31, 2022 was up $1.1 million from the prior year, driven primarily by a decrease in the diversification benefit, partially offset by decreases in credit spread and interest rate risks.
Average stressed total VaR for the year ended October 31, 2022 was up $2.0 million from the prior year. The increase was primarily due to increased equity risk.
Average IRC for the year ended October 31, 2022 was down $72.8 million from the prior year due to decreases in trading book bond inventory and improved credit quality within our fixed income portfolio.
Back-testing
To determine the reliability of the trading VaR model, outcomes are monitored regularly through a back-testing process to test the validity of the assumptions and the parameters used in the trading VaR calculation. The back-testing process includes calculating a hypothetical or static profit and loss and comparing that result with calculated VaR. Static profit and loss represents the change in value of the prior days closing portfolio due to each days price movements, on the assumption that the portfolio remained unchanged. The back-testing process is conducted on a daily basis at the consolidated CIBC level as well as business lines and individual portfolios.
Static profit and loss in excess of the one-day VaR are investigated. The back-testing process, including the investigation of results, is performed by risk professionals who are independent of those responsible for development of the model.
Based on our back-testing results, we are able to ensure that our VaR model continues to appropriately measure risk.
During the year, there were two negative back-testing breaches of the total VaR measure at the consolidated CIBC level, driven by the volatility in CAD and, to a lesser extent, USD interest rates.
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Trading revenue
Trading revenue (TEB) comprises both trading net interest income and non-interest income and excludes underwriting fees and commissions. See the Financial performance overview section for details. Trading revenue (TEB) in the charts below excludes certain exited portfolios.
During the year, trading revenue (TEB) was positive for 96.9% of the days, with the largest loss of $8.8 million occurring on September 26, 2022. Average daily trading revenue (TEB) was $7.8 million during the year, compared to $6.7 million during the previous year. Average daily trading revenue (TEB) is calculated as the total trading revenue (TEB) divided by the number of business days in the year.
Frequency distribution of daily 2022 trading revenue (TEB) (1)
The histogram below presents the frequency distribution of daily trading revenue (TEB) for 2022.
Trading revenue (TEB) (1) versus VaR (2)
The trading revenue (TEB) versus VaR graph below shows the current years daily trading revenue (TEB) against the close of business day VaR measures.
(1) | Excludes certain month-end transfer pricing and other miscellaneous adjustments. |
(2) | Fair value adjustments are excluded from trading activities for regulatory capital purposes, with related derivative hedges to these fair value adjustments also excluded. |
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Stress testing and scenario analysis
Stress testing and scenario analysis is designed to add insight into possible outcomes of abnormal market conditions, and to highlight possible concentration of risk.
We measure the effect on portfolio valuations under a wide range of extreme moves in market risk factors. Our approach simulates the impact on earnings of extreme market events over a one-month time horizon, and in most cases assume that no risk-mitigating actions are taken during this period to reflect the reduced market liquidity that typically accompanies such events.
Scenarios are developed using historical market data during periods of market disruption, or are based on hypothetical impacts of economic events, political events, and natural disasters as predicted by economists, business leaders, and risk managers.
Among the historical scenarios are the 1994 period of U.S. Federal Reserve tightening, and the market events following the 2008 market crisis. The hypothetical scenarios include potential market crises originating in North America, Europe and Asia.
The hypothetical scenarios are informed from current themes in geopolitics, central bank action and various macro themes originating in North America, Europe and Asia. These include considering the impact of further escalation in the war in Ukraine, possible conflict between Taiwan and China and further impact of rising energy prices. Furthermore, during the past year, we amended our Pandemic hypothetical scenario to reflect the shocks observed during the initial month following the declaration of the pandemic.
Below are examples of the core stress test scenarios which are currently run on a daily basis to add insight into potential exposures under stress:
Subprime crisis traded |
Canadian market crisis |
Quantitative easing tapering and asset price correction | ||
U.S. Federal Reserve tightening 1994 |
U.S. protectionism | |||
U.S. sovereign debt default and downgrade |
Eurozone bank crisis |
Oil crisis | ||
Chinese hard landing |
Pandemic |
Stress testing scenarios are periodically reviewed and amended as necessary to ensure they remain relevant. Under stress limit monitoring, limits are placed on the maximum acceptable loss based on risk appetite in aggregate, at the detailed portfolio level, and for specific asset classes.
Structural interest rate risk (SIRR)
SIRR primarily consists of the risk arising due to mismatches in assets and liabilities, which do not arise from trading and trading-related businesses. The objective of SIRR management is to lock in product spreads and deliver stable and predictable net interest income over time, while managing the risk to the economic value of our assets arising from changes in interest rates.
SIRR results from differences in the maturities or repricing dates of assets and liabilities, both on- and off-balance sheet, as well as from embedded optionality in retail products, and other product features that could affect the expected timing of cash flows, such as options to pre-pay loans or redeem term deposits prior to contractual maturity. A number of assumptions affecting cash flows, product re-pricing and the administration of rates underlie the models used to measure SIRR. The key assumptions pertain to the expected funding profile of mortgage rate commitments, fixed rate loan prepayment behaviour, term deposit redemption behaviour, the treatment of non-maturity deposits and equity. All assumptions are derived empirically based on historical client behaviour, balance sheet composition and product pricing with the consideration of possible forward-looking changes. All models and assumptions used to measure SIRR are subject to independent oversight by Risk Management. A variety of cash instruments and derivatives, primarily interest rate swaps, are used to manage these risks.
The Board has oversight of the management of SIRR, approves the risk appetite and the associated SIRR risk limits. GALCO and its subcommittee, the Asset Liability Management Committee, regularly review structural market risk positions and provide senior management oversight.
In addition to Board-approved limits on earnings and economic value exposure, more granular management limits are in place to guide day-to-day management of this risk. The ALM group within Treasury is responsible for the ongoing management of structural market risk across the enterprise, with independent oversight and compliance with SIRR policy provided by Risk Management.
ALM activities are designed to manage the effects of potential interest rate movements while balancing the cost of any hedging activities on the current net revenue. To monitor and control SIRR, two primary metrics, net interest income risk and economic value of equity (EVE) risk, are assessed, in addition to stress testing, gap analysis and other market risk metrics. The net interest income sensitivity is a measure of the impact of potential changes in interest rates on the projected 12-month pre-tax net interest income of the banks portfolio of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet positions in response to prescribed parallel interest rate movements with interest rates floored at zero. The EVE sensitivity is a measure of the impact of potential changes in interest rates on the market value of the banks assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet positions in response to prescribed parallel interest rate movements with interest rates floored at zero.
The following table shows the potential before-tax impact of an immediate and sustained 100 basis points increase and 100 basis points decrease in interest rates on projected 12-month net interest income and the EVE for our structural balance sheet, assuming no subsequent hedging. Due to the recent increase in interest rates in Canada and the U.S., and the market expectation that a higher interest rate environment will persist, an immediate downward shock of 100 basis points was applied in the current year, while maintaining a floor on market and client interest rates at zero at the end of the year. We have continued to provide the impact of a 25 basis point decrease and have not revised prior period amounts as we believe the impact of a 25 basis points decrease was appropriate due to the low interest rate environment in both Canada and the U.S. for those periods.
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Structural interest rate sensitivity measures
$ millions (pre-tax), as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
CAD (1) | USD | Total | CAD (1) | USD | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
100 basis point increase in interest rates |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase (decrease) in net interest income |
$ | 278 | $ | (7 | ) | $ | 271 | $ | 270 | $ | 134 | $ | 404 | |||||||||||
Increase (decrease) in EVE |
(679 | ) | (336 | ) | (1,015 | ) | (684 | ) | (161 | ) | (845 | ) | ||||||||||||
25 basis point decrease in interest rates |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase (decrease) in net interest income |
(71 | ) | 2 | (69 | ) | (117 | ) | (70 | ) | (187 | ) | |||||||||||||
Increase (decrease) in EVE |
151 | 86 | 237 | 161 | 29 | 190 | ||||||||||||||||||
100 basis point decrease in interest rates |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase (decrease) in net interest income |
(301 | ) | 4 | (297 | ) | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
Increase (decrease) in EVE |
604 | 350 | 954 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
(1) | Includes CAD and other currency exposures. |
n/a | Not applicable. |
Foreign exchange risk
Structural foreign exchange risk primarily consists of the risk inherent in: (a) net investments in foreign operations (NIFO) due to changes in foreign exchange rates; and (b) foreign currency denominated RWA and foreign currency denominated capital deductions. This risk, predominantly in U.S. dollars, is managed using derivative hedges and by funding the investments in matching currencies. We actively manage this position to ensure that the potential impact on our capital ratios is within an acceptable tolerance in accordance with the policy approved by the CRO, while giving consideration to the impact on earnings and shareholders equity. Structural foreign exchange risk is managed by Treasury under the guidance of GALCO with monitoring and oversight by Capital Markets Risk Management.
A 1% appreciation of the Canadian dollar would reduce our shareholders equity as at October 31, 2022 by approximately $200 million (2021: $160 million) on an after-tax basis.
Our non-functional currency denominated earnings are converted into the functional currencies through spot or forward foreign exchange transactions. Typically, there is no significant impact of exchange rate fluctuations on our consolidated statement of income.
Derivatives held for ALM purposes
Where derivatives are held for ALM purposes, and when transactions meet the criteria specified under IFRS, we apply hedge accounting for the risks being hedged, as discussed in Notes 12 and 13 to the consolidated financial statements. Derivative hedges that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment are referred to as economic hedges and are recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statement of income.
Economic hedges for other than FVO financial instruments may lead to income volatility because the hedged items are recorded either on a cost or amortized cost basis or recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet with changes in fair value recognized through OCI. This income volatility may not be representative of the overall risk.
Equity risk
Non-trading equity risk arises primarily in our strategy and corporate development activities and strategic investments portfolio. The investments comprise public and private equities, investments in limited partnerships, and equity-accounted investments.
The following table provides the amortized cost and fair values of our non-trading equities:
$ millions, as at October 31 | Cost | Fair value | ||||||||
2022 | Equity securities designated at FVOCI |
$ | 525 | $ | 522 | |||||
Equity-accounted investments in associates (1) |
206 | 230 | ||||||||
$ | 731 | $ | 752 | |||||||
2021 | Equity securities designated at FVOCI |
$ | 730 | $ | 836 | |||||
Equity-accounted investments in associates (1) |
66 | 89 | ||||||||
$ | 796 | $ | 925 |
(1) | Excludes our equity-accounted joint ventures. See Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements for further details. |
We sponsor defined benefit pension plans in a number of jurisdictions. As at October 31, 2022, our consolidated defined benefit pension plans were in a net asset position of $1,379 million, compared with $1,323 million as at October 31, 2021. The change in the net asset position of our pension plans is disclosed in Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements.
Our Canadian pension plans represent approximately 91% of our pension plans, the most significant of which is our principal Canadian pension plan (the CIBC Pension Plan). The estimated impact on our Canadian defined benefit obligations of a 100 basis point change in the discount rate is disclosed in Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements.
The MRCC is responsible for sound governance and oversight, and delegates management authority to the Pension Benefits Management Committee (PBMC). An appropriate investment strategy for the CIBC Pension Plan is set through a statement of investment objectives, policies and procedures.
Within Treasury, the Pension Investment Management department is responsible for developing and implementing custom investment strategies to sustainably deliver pension benefits within manageable risk tolerances and capital impacts. Key risks include actuarial risks (such as longevity risk), interest rate risk, currency risk, and market (investment) risk.
A principal risk for the CIBC Pension Plan is interest rate risk, which it manages through its liability-driven investment strategy which includes a combination of physical bonds and a bond overlay program funded through the use of repurchase agreements. The plan also operates a currency overlay strategy, which may use forwards or similar instruments, to manage and mitigate its currency risk. Investment risk is mitigated through a multi-asset portfolio construction process that diversifies across a variety of market risk drivers.
The use of derivatives within the CIBC Pension Plan are permitted for risk management and rebalancing purposes, as well as the ability to enhance returns and are governed by the plans derivatives policy that was approved by the PBMC. The fair value of derivatives held in the CIBC Pension Plan is disclosed in Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements.
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Liquidity risk is the risk of having insufficient cash or its equivalent in a timely and cost-effective manner to meet financial obligations as they come due. Common sources of liquidity risk inherent in banking services include unanticipated withdrawals of deposits, the inability to replace maturing debt, credit and liquidity commitments, and additional pledging or other collateral requirements.
Our approach to liquidity risk management supports our business strategy, aligns with our risk appetite and adheres to regulatory expectations.
Our management strategies, objectives and practices are regularly reviewed to align with changes to the liquidity environment, including regulatory, business and/or market developments. Liquidity risk remains within CIBCs risk appetite.
We manage liquidity risk in a manner that enables us to withstand a liquidity stress event without an adverse impact on the viability of our operations. Actual and anticipated cash flows generated from on- and off-balance sheet exposures are routinely measured and monitored to ensure compliance with established limits. We incorporate stress testing into the management and measurement of liquidity risk. Stress test results assist with the development of our liquidity assumptions, identification of potential constraints to funding planning, and contribute to the design of our contingency funding plan.
Liquidity risk is managed using the three lines of defence model, and the ongoing management of liquidity risk is the responsibility of the Treasurer, supported by guidance from GALCO.
The Treasurer is responsible for managing the activities and processes required for measurement and the reporting and monitoring of CIBCs liquidity risk position as the first line of defence.
The Liquidity and Non-Trading Market Risk group provides independent oversight of the measurement, monitoring and control of liquidity risk, as the second line of defence.
Internal audit is the third line of defence providing reasonable assurance to senior management and the Audit Committee of the Board on the effectiveness of CIBCs governance practices, risk management processes, and internal control as part of its risk-based audit plan and in accordance with its mandate as described in the Internal Audit Charter.
The GALCO governs CIBCs liquidity risk management, ensuring the liquidity risk management methodologies, assumptions, and key metrics are regularly reviewed and aligned with CIBCs requirements. The Liquidity Risk Management Committee, a subcommittee of GALCO, monitors global liquidity risk and is responsible for ensuring that CIBCs liquidity risk profile is comprehensively measured and managed in alignment with CIBCs strategic direction, risk appetite and regulatory requirements.
The RMC provides governance through bi-annual review of CIBCs liquidity risk management policy, and recommends liquidity risk tolerance to the Board through the risk appetite statement which is reviewed annually.
Our liquidity risk management policy establishes requirements that enable us to meet anticipated liquidity needs in both normal and stressed conditions by maintaining a sufficient amount of available unencumbered liquid assets and diversified funding sources. Branches and subsidiaries possessing unique liquidity characteristics, due to distinct businesses or jurisdictional requirements, maintain local liquidity practices in alignment with CIBCs liquidity risk management policy.
Our pledging policy sets out consolidated limits for the pledging of CIBCs assets across a broad range of financial activities. These limits ensure unencumbered liquid assets are available for liquidity purposes.
We maintain a detailed global contingency funding plan that sets out the strategies for addressing liquidity shortfalls in emergency and unexpected situations, and delineates the requirements necessary to manage a range of stress conditions, establishes lines of responsibility, articulates implementation, defines escalation procedures, and is aligned to CIBCs risk appetite. In order to reflect CIBCs organizational complexity, regional and subsidiary contingency funding plans are maintained to respond to liquidity stresses unique to the jurisdictions within which CIBC operates, and support CIBC as an enterprise.
Our liquidity risk tolerance is defined by our risk appetite statement, which is approved annually by the Board, and forms the basis for the delegation of liquidity risk authority to senior management. We use both regulatory-driven and internally developed liquidity risk metrics to measure our liquidity risk exposure. Internally, our liquidity position is measured using the Liquidity Horizon, which combines contractual and behavioural cash flows to measure the future point in time when projected cumulative cash outflows exceed cash inflows under a combined CIBC-specific and market-wide stress scenario. Expected and potential anticipated inflows and outflows of funds generated from on- and off-balance sheet exposures are measured and monitored on a regular basis to ensure compliance with established limits. These cash flows incorporate both contractual and behavioural on- and off-balance sheet cash flows.
Our liquidity measurement system provides liquidity risk exposure reports that include the calculation of the internal liquidity stress tests and regulatory reporting such as the LCR, NSFR and NCCF. Our liquidity management also incorporates the monitoring of our unsecured wholesale funding position and funding capacity.
Risk appetite
CIBCs risk appetite statement ensures prudent management of liquidity risk by outlining qualitative considerations and quantitative metrics including the LCR and Liquidity Horizon. Quantitative metrics are measured and managed to a set of limits approved by Risk Management.
Stress testing
A key component of our liquidity risk management, and complementing our assessments of liquidity risk exposure, is liquidity risk stress testing. Liquidity stress testing involves the application of name-specific and market-wide stress scenarios at varying levels of severity to assess the amount of available liquidity required to satisfy anticipated obligations as they come due. The scenarios model potential liquidity and funding requirements in the event of changes to unsecured wholesale funding and deposit run-off, contingent liquidity utilization, and liquid asset marketability.
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Available liquid assets include unencumbered cash and marketable securities from on- and off-balance sheet sources, that can be used to access funding in a timely fashion. Encumbered liquid assets, composed of assets pledged as collateral and those assets that are deemed restricted due to legal, operational, or other purposes, are not considered as sources of available liquidity when measuring liquidity risk.
Encumbered and unencumbered liquid assets from on- and off-balance sheet sources are summarized as follows:
$ millions, as at October 31 | Bank owned liquid assets |
Securities received as collateral |
Total liquid assets |
Encumbered liquid assets |
Unencumbered liquid assets (1) |
|||||||||||||||||
2022 |
Cash and deposits with banks | $ | 63,861 | $ | | $ | 63,861 | $ | 286 | $ | 63,575 | |||||||||||
Securities issued or guaranteed by sovereigns, central banks, and multilateral development banks |
133,923 | 85,602 | 219,525 | 122,283 | 97,242 | |||||||||||||||||
Other debt securities | 6,764 | 8,957 | 15,721 | 2,262 | 13,459 | |||||||||||||||||
Equities | 30,825 | 29,521 | 60,346 | 30,408 | 29,938 | |||||||||||||||||
Canadian government guaranteed National Housing Act mortgage-backed securities |
33,148 | 3,321 | 36,469 | 16,711 | 19,758 | |||||||||||||||||
Other liquid assets (2) | 19,159 | 2,326 | 21,485 | 16,040 | 5,445 | |||||||||||||||||
$ | 287,680 | $ | 129,727 | $ | 417,407 | $ | 187,990 | $ | 229,417 | |||||||||||||
2021 |
Cash and deposits with banks | $ | 56,997 | $ | | $ | 56,997 | $ | 252 | $ | 56,745 | |||||||||||
Securities issued or guaranteed by sovereigns, central banks, and multilateral development banks |
113,515 | 100,944 | 214,459 | 134,370 | 80,089 | |||||||||||||||||
Other debt securities | 5,681 | 5,510 | 11,191 | 1,827 | 9,364 | |||||||||||||||||
Equities | 37,855 | 22,996 | 60,851 | 25,133 | 35,718 | |||||||||||||||||
Canadian government guaranteed National Housing Act mortgage-backed securities |
36,116 | 948 | 37,064 | 14,677 | 22,387 | |||||||||||||||||
Other liquid assets (2) | 12,772 | 3,927 | 16,699 | 7,203 | 9,496 | |||||||||||||||||
$ | 262,936 | $ | 134,325 | $ | 397,261 | $ | 183,462 | $ | 213,799 |
(1) | Unencumbered liquid assets are defined as on-balance sheet assets, assets borrowed or purchased under resale agreements, and other off-balance sheet collateral received less encumbered liquid assets. |
(2) | Includes cash pledged as collateral for derivatives transactions, select ABS and precious metals. |
The following table summarizes unencumbered liquid assets held by CIBC (parent) and its domestic and foreign subsidiaries:
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
CIBC (parent) |
$ | 166,968 | $ | 153,971 | ||||
Domestic subsidiaries |
11,535 | 12,271 | ||||||
Foreign subsidiaries |
50,914 | 47,557 | ||||||
$ | 229,417 | $ | 213,799 |
Asset haircuts and monetization depth assumptions under a liquidity stress scenario are applied to determine asset liquidity value. Haircuts take into consideration those margins applicable at central banks such as the Bank of Canada and the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank historical observations, and securities characteristics including asset type, issuer, credit ratings, currency and remaining term to maturity, as well as available regulatory guidance.
Our unencumbered liquid assets increased by $15.6 billion since October 31, 2021, primarily due to an increase in unencumbered liquid government securities holdings and cash balances. This increase is a result of higher deposit and funding levels to fund asset growth.
Furthermore, we maintain access eligibility to the Bank of Canadas Emergency Lending Assistance program and the U.S. Federal Reserve Banks Discount Window.
Asset encumbrance
In the course of our day-to-day operations, securities and other assets are pledged to secure obligations, participate in clearing and settlement systems and for other collateral management purposes.
The following table provides a summary of our total on- and off-balance sheet encumbered and unencumbered assets:
Encumbered | Unencumbered | Total assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31 | Pledged as collateral |
Other (1) | Available as collateral |
Other (2) | ||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
Cash and deposits with banks | $ | | $ | 286 | $ | 63,575 | $ | | $ | 63,861 | |||||||||||
Securities (3) | 157,357 | 5,263 | 141,964 | | 304,584 | |||||||||||||||||
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses (4) | | 46,720 | 29,645 | 440,720 | 517,085 | |||||||||||||||||
Other assets | 13,637 | | 2,304 | 86,294 | 102,235 | |||||||||||||||||
$ | 170,994 | $ | 52,269 | $ | 237,488 | $ | 527,014 | $ | 987,765 | |||||||||||||
2021 |
Cash and deposits with banks | $ | | $ | 252 | $ | 56,745 | $ | | $ | 56,997 | |||||||||||
Securities (3) | 154,382 | 1,817 | 134,018 | | 290,217 | |||||||||||||||||
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses (4) | 1,488 | 44,615 | 29,331 | 376,487 | 451,921 | |||||||||||||||||
Other assets | 6,599 | | 3,005 | 77,820 | 87,424 | |||||||||||||||||
$ | 162,469 | $ | 46,684 | $ | 223,099 | $ | 454,307 | $ | 886,559 |
(1) | Includes assets supporting CIBCs long-term funding activities and assets restricted for legal or other reasons, such as restricted cash. |
(2) | Other unencumbered assets are not subject to any restrictions on their use to secure funding or as collateral, however, they are not considered immediately available to existing borrowing programs. |
(3) | Total securities comprise certain on-balance sheet securities, as well as off-balance sheet securities received under resale agreements, secured borrowings transactions, and collateral-for-collateral transactions. |
(4) | Loans included as available as collateral represent the loans underlying National Housing Act mortgage-backed securities and Federal Home Loan Banks eligible loans. |
Restrictions on the flow of funds
Our subsidiaries are not subject to significant restrictions that would prevent transfers of funds, dividends or capital distributions. However, certain subsidiaries have different capital and liquidity requirements, established by applicable banking and securities regulators.
We monitor and manage our capital and liquidity requirements across these entities to ensure that resources are used efficiently and entities are in compliance with local regulatory and policy requirements.
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Liquidity coverage ratio
The objective of the LCR is to promote short-term resilience of a banks liquidity risk profile, ensuring that it has adequate unencumbered high-quality liquid resources to meet its liquidity needs in a 30-day acute stress scenario. Canadian banks are required by OSFI to achieve a minimum LCR value of 100%. We are in compliance with this requirement.
In accordance with the calibration methodology contained in OSFIs LAR Guideline, we report the LCR to OSFI on a monthly basis. The ratio is calculated as the total of unencumbered HQLA over the total net cash outflows in the next 30 calendar days.
The LCRs numerator consists of unencumbered HQLA, which follow an OSFI-defined set of eligibility criteria that considers fundamental and market-related characteristics, and the relative ability to operationally monetize assets on a timely basis during a period of stress. Our centrally-managed liquid asset portfolio includes those liquid assets reported in the HQLA, such as central government treasury bills and bonds, central bank deposits and high-rated sovereign, agency, provincial, and corporate securities. Asset eligibility limitations inherent in the LCR metric do not necessarily reflect our internal assessment of our ability to monetize our marketable assets under stress.
The ratios denominator reflects net cash outflows expected in the LCRs stress scenario over the 30-calendar-day period. Expected cash outflows represent LCR-defined withdrawal or draw-down rates applied against outstanding liabilities and off-balance sheet commitments, respectively. Significant contributors to our LCR outflows include business and financial institution deposit run-off, draws on undrawn lines of credit and unsecured debt maturities. Cash outflows are partially offset by cash inflows, which are calculated at OSFI-prescribed LCR inflow rates, and include performing loan repayments and maturing non-HQLA marketable assets.
During a period of financial stress, institutions may use their stock of HQLA, thereby falling below 100%, as maintaining the LCR at 100% under such circumstances could produce undue negative effects on the institution and other market participants.
The LCR is calculated and disclosed using a standard OSFI-prescribed template.
(1) | Unweighted inflow and outflow values are calculated as outstanding balances maturing or callable within 30 days of various categories or types of liabilities, off-balance sheet items or contractual receivables. |
(2) | Weighted values are calculated after the application of haircuts (for HQLA) and inflow and outflow rates prescribed by OSFI. |
n/a | Not applicable as per the LCR common disclosure template. |
Our average LCR as at October 31, 2022, increased to 129% from 123% in the prior quarter, due to higher HQLA, partially offset by an increase in net cash outflows.
Furthermore, we report the LCR to OSFI in multiple currencies, thus measuring the extent of potential currency mismatch under the ratio. CIBC predominantly operates in major currencies with deep and fungible foreign exchange markets.
Net stable funding ratio (NSFR)
Derived from the BCBSs Basel III framework and incorporated into OSFIs LAR Guideline, the NSFR standard aims to promote long-term resilience of the financial sector by requiring banks to maintain a sustainable funding profile in relation to the composition of their assets and off-balance sheet activities. Canadian D-SIBs are required to maintain a minimum NSFR value of 100% on a consolidated bank basis. CIBC is in compliance with this requirement.
In accordance with the calibration methodology contained in OSFIs LAR Guideline, we report the NSFR to OSFI on a quarterly basis. The ratio is calculated as total available stable funding (ASF) over the total required stable funding (RSF).
The numerator consists of the portion of capital and liabilities considered reliable over a one-year time horizon. The NSFR considers longer-term sources of funding to be more stable than short-term funding and deposits from retail and commercial customers to be behaviourally more
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stable than wholesale funding of the same maturity. In accordance with our funding strategy, key drivers of our ASF include client deposits supplemented by secured and unsecured wholesale funding, and capital instruments.
The denominator represents the amount of stable funding required based on the OSFI-defined liquidity characteristics and residual maturities of assets and off-balance sheet exposures. The NSFR ascribes varying degrees of RSF such that HQLA and short-term exposures are assumed to have a lower funding requirement than less liquid and longer-term exposures. Our RSF is largely driven by retail, commercial and corporate lending, investments in liquid assets, derivative exposures, and undrawn lines of credit and liquidity.
The ASF and RSF may be adjusted to zero for certain liabilities and assets that are determined to be interdependent if they meet the NSFR-defined criteria, which take into account the purpose, amount, cash flows, tenor and counterparties among other aspects to ensure the institution is acting solely as a pass-through unit for the underlying transactions. We report, where applicable, interdependent assets and liabilities arising from transactions OSFI has designated as eligible for such treatment in the LAR Guideline.
The NSFR is calculated and disclosed using an OSFI-prescribed template, which captures the key quantitative information based on liquidity characteristics unique to the NSFR as defined in the LAR Guideline. As a result, amounts presented in the table below may not allow for direct comparison with the annual consolidated financial statements.
a | b | c | d | e | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unweighted value by residual maturity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31, 2022 | No maturity |
<6 months | 6 months to <1 year |
>1 year | Weighted value |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
ASF item |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | Capital | $ | 51,229 | $ | | $ | | $ | 5,716 | $ | 56,945 | |||||||||||||||||||
2 | Regulatory capital |
51,229 | | | 5,716 | 56,945 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | Other capital instruments |
| | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | Retail deposits and deposits from small business customers | 196,289 | 42,442 | 16,514 | 15,162 | 249,648 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | Stable deposits |
90,973 | 14,797 | 8,203 | 8,515 | 116,788 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | Less stable deposits |
105,316 | 27,645 | 8,311 | 6,647 | 132,860 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | Wholesale funding | 167,997 | 178,412 | 55,348 | 85,742 | 220,115 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | Operational deposits |
117,115 | 4,181 | | | 60,648 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | Other wholesale funding |
50,882 | 174,231 | 55,348 | 85,742 | 159,467 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | Liabilities with matching interdependent assets | | 1,636 | 2,387 | 12,262 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | Other liabilities | | 99,015 (1) | 7,550 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | NSFR derivative liabilities |
13,149 (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | All other liabilities and equity not included in the above categories |
| 51,615 | 129 | 34,122 | 7,550 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | Total ASF | 534,258 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RSF item |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | Total NSFR HQLA | 11,313 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | Deposits held at other financial institutions for operational purposes | | 3,825 | | 395 | 2,308 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | Performing loans and securities | 65,278 | 105,413 | 52,671 | 355,651 | 382,621 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | Performing loans to financial institutions secured by Level 1 HQLA |
| 19,359 | 2,854 | | 2,405 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | Performing loans to financial institutions secured by non-Level 1
HQLA and |
594 | 34,378 | 6,605 | 20,353 | 28,127 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | Performing loans to non-financial corporate clients, loans to
retail and small |
34,211 | 37,248 | 27,215 | 118,133 | 162,214 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | With a risk weight of less than or equal to 35% under the Basel II |
| | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | Performing residential mortgages, of which: |
18,669 | 11,468 | 15,761 | 209,618 | 171,829 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | With a risk weight of less than or equal to 35% under the Basel II |
18,669 | 11,392 | 15,677 | 204,508 | 167,406 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | Securities that are not in default and do not qualify as HQLA,
including |
11,804 | 2,960 | 236 | 7,547 | 18,046 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
25 | Assets with matching interdependent liabilities | | 1,636 | 2,387 | 12,262 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
26 | Other assets | 12,762 | 99,299 (1) | 44,800 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
27 | Physical traded commodities, including gold |
2,304 | 1,959 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
28 | Assets posted as initial margin for derivative contracts and contributions to |
10,581 (1) | 8,994 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | NSFR derivative assets |
10,897 (1) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | NSFR derivative liabilities before deduction of variation margin posted |
28,942 (1) | 1,447 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | All other assets not included in the above categories |
10,458 | 43,546 | 142 | 5,191 | 32,400 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | Off-balance sheet items | 378,863 (1) | 13,071 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | Total RSF | $ | 454,113 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
34 | NSFR | 118 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at July 31, 2022 | Weighted value |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
35 | Total ASF | $ | 519,356 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
36 | Total RSF | $ | 443,626 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
37 | NSFR | 117 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31, 2021 | Weighted value |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
38 | Total ASF | $ | 472,518 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
39 | Total RSF | $ | 401,362 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
40 | NSFR | 118 | % |
(1) | No assigned time period per disclosure template design. |
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Our NSFR as at October 31, 2022, increased to 118% from 117% in the prior quarter and was comparable with 2021, due to an increase in long-term funding, offset by an increase in lending in line with strategic business growth.
CIBC considers the impact of its business decisions on the LCR, NSFR and other liquidity risk metrics that it regularly monitors as part of a robust liquidity risk management function. Variables that can impact the metrics month-over-month include, but are not limited to, items such as wholesale funding activities and maturities, strategic balance sheet initiatives, and transactions and market conditions affecting collateral.
Reporting of the LCR and NSFR is calibrated centrally by Treasury, in conjunction with the SBUs and other functional groups.
We fund our operations with client-sourced deposits, supplemented with a wide range of wholesale funding.
Our principal approach aims to fund our consolidated balance sheet with deposits primarily raised from personal and commercial banking channels. We maintain a foundation of relationship-based core deposits, whose stability is regularly evaluated through internally developed statistical assessments.
We routinely access a range of short-term and long-term secured and unsecured funding sources diversified by geography, depositor type, instrument, currency and maturity. We raise long-term funding from existing programs including covered bonds, asset securitizations and unsecured debt.
We continuously evaluate opportunities to diversify into new funding products and investor segments in an effort to maximize funding flexibility and minimize concentration and financing costs. We regularly monitor wholesale funding levels and concentrations to internal limits consistent with our desired liquidity risk profile.
GALCO and RMC review and approve CIBCs funding plan, which incorporates projected asset and liability growth, funding maturities, and output from our liquidity position forecasting.
The following table provides the contractual maturity profile of our wholesale funding sources at their carrying values:
$ millions, as at October 31, 2022 | Less than 1 month |
13 months |
36 months |
612 months |
Less than 1 year total |
12 years |
Over 2 years |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits from banks (1) |
$ | 1,580 | $ | 1,730 | $ | 2,459 | $ | 3,465 | $ | 9,234 | $ | | $ | | $ | 9,234 | ||||||||||||||||
Certificates of deposit and commercial paper |
10,472 | 12,942 | 20,911 | 21,019 | 65,344 | 477 | | 65,821 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bearer deposit notes and bankers acceptances |
398 | 586 | 394 | 336 | 1,714 | | | 1,714 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior unsecured medium-term notes (2) |
| 4,291 | 4,504 | 15,249 | 24,044 | 13,146 | 30,389 | 67,579 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior unsecured structured notes |
206 | | | | 206 | | 68 | 274 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Covered bonds/asset-backed securities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage securitization |
| 1,230 | 403 | 2,355 | 3,988 | 2,318 | 10,172 | 16,478 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Covered bonds |
| 1,674 | 697 | 2,080 | 4,451 | | 21,807 | 26,258 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cards securitization |
| | | | | 1,028 | 2,002 | 3,030 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated liabilities |
| | | | | 36 | 6,256 | 6,292 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
| | | | | | 8 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 12,656 | $ | 22,453 | $ | 29,368 | $ | 44,504 | $ | 108,981 | $ | 17,005 | $ | 70,702 | $ | 196,688 | |||||||||||||||||
Of which: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secured |
$ | | $ | 2,904 | $ | 1,100 | $ | 4,435 | $ | 8,439 | $ | 3,346 | $ | 33,981 | $ | 45,766 | ||||||||||||||||
Unsecured |
12,656 | 19,549 | 28,268 | 40,069 | 100,542 | 13,659 | 36,721 | 150,922 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 12,656 | $ | 22,453 | $ | 29,368 | $ | 44,504 | $ | 108,981 | $ | 17,005 | $ | 70,702 | $ | 196,688 | |||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
$ | 16,671 | $ | 23,696 | $ | 16,387 | $ | 36,144 | $ | 92,898 | $ | 25,488 | $ | 52,514 | $ | 170,900 |
(1) | Includes non-negotiable term deposits from banks. |
(2) | Includes wholesale funding liabilities which are subject to conversion under bail-in regulations. See the Capital management section for additional details. |
The following table provides the diversification of CIBCs wholesale funding by currency:
$ billions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||
CAD |
$ | 51.2 | 26 | % | $ | 48.0 | 28 | % | ||||||||
USD |
103.0 | 52 | 91.5 | 54 | ||||||||||||
Other |
42.5 | 22 | 31.4 | 18 | ||||||||||||
$ | 196.7 | 100 | % | $ | 170.9 | 100 | % |
We manage liquidity risk in a manner that enables us to withstand severe liquidity stress events. Wholesale funding may present a higher risk of run-off in stress situations, and we maintain significant portfolios of unencumbered liquid assets to mitigate this risk. See the Liquid assets section for additional details.
Funding plan
Our funding plan is updated at least quarterly, or in response to material changes in underlying assumptions and business developments. The plan incorporates projected asset and liability growth from our ongoing operations, and the output from our liquidity position forecasting.
Credit ratings
Our access to and cost of wholesale funding are dependent on multiple factors, among them credit ratings provided by rating agencies. Rating agencies opinions are based upon internal methodologies, and are subject to change based on factors including, but not limited to, financial strength, competitive position, macroeconomic backdrop and liquidity positioning.
On February 22, 2022, S&P announced the following updates to our credit ratings: senior debt to A- from BBB+; subordinated indebtedness to A- from BBB+; subordinated indebtedness NVCC to BBB+ from BBB; LRCN NVCC to BBB- from BB+; preferred shares NVCC to P-2(L) from P-3(H). These rating revisions reflect S&Ps views on improvements in our risk position.
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Our credit ratings are summarized in the following table:
As at October 31, 2022 | DBRS | Fitch | Moodys | S&P | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposit/Counterparty (1) |
AA | AA | Aa2 | A+ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Legacy senior debt (2) |
AA | AA | Aa2 | A+ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior debt (3) |
AA(L) | AA- | A2 | A- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness |
A(H) | A | Baa1 | A- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness NVCC (4) |
A(L) | A | Baa1 | BBB+ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Limited recourse capital notes NVCC (4) |
BBB(H) | n/a | Baa3 | BBB- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred shares NVCC (4) |
Pfd-2 | n/a | Baa3 | P-2(L) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term debt |
R-1(H) | F1+ | P-1 | A-1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outlook |
Stable | Stable | Stable | Stable |
(1) | DBRS Long-Term Issuer Rating; Fitch Long-Term Deposit Rating and Derivative Counterparty Rating; Moodys Long-Term Deposit and Counterparty Risk Assessment Rating; S&Ps Issuer Credit Rating. |
(2) | Includes senior debt issued prior to September 23, 2018 as well as senior debt issued on or after September 23, 2018 which is not subject to bail-in regulations. |
(3) | Comprises liabilities which are subject to conversion under bail-in regulations. See the Capital management section for additional details. |
(4) | Comprises instruments which are treated as NVCC in accordance with OSFIs CAR Guideline. |
n/a | Not applicable. |
Additional collateral requirements for rating downgrades
We are required to deliver collateral to certain derivative counterparties in the event of a downgrade to our current credit risk rating. The collateral requirement is based on MTM exposure, collateral valuations, and collateral arrangement thresholds, as applicable. The following table presents the additional cumulative collateral requirements for rating downgrades:
$ billions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
One-notch downgrade |
$ | | $ | 0.1 | ||||
Two-notch downgrade |
0.1 | 0.2 | ||||||
Three-notch downgrade |
0.3 | 0.3 |
Contractual obligations give rise to commitments of future payments affecting our short- and long-term liquidity and capital resource needs. These obligations include financial liabilities, credit and liquidity commitments, and other contractual obligations.
Assets and liabilities
The following table provides the contractual maturity profile of our on-balance sheet assets, liabilities and equity at their carrying values. Contractual analysis is not representative of our liquidity risk exposure, however this information serves to inform our management of liquidity risk, and provide input when modelling a behavioural balance sheet.
$ millions, as at October 31, 2022 | Less than 1 month |
13 months |
36 months |
69 months |
912 months |
12 years |
25 years |
Over 5 years |
No specified maturity |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks (1) |
$ | 31,535 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 31,535 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits with banks |
32,326 | | | | | | | | | 32,326 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities |
7,423 | 6,244 | 5,472 | 4,302 | 5,933 | 13,893 | 64,060 | 36,358 | 32,194 | 175,879 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash collateral on securities borrowed |
15,326 | | | | | | | | | 15,326 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under resale agreements |
44,040 | 11,997 | 6,180 | 4,175 | 1,481 | 1,340 | | | | 69,213 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
1,943 | 4,077 | 8,099 | 6,528 | 14,214 | 45,804 | 180,672 | 8,369 | | 269,706 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
1,228 | 552 | 1,047 | 785 | 790 | 662 | 3,687 | 5,536 | 31,142 | 45,429 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit card |
346 | 692 | 1,038 | 1,038 | 1,038 | 4,153 | 8,174 | | | 16,479 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
10,464 | 7,518 | 8,867 | 11,235 | 12,521 | 32,717 | 74,126 | 20,181 | 10,913 | 188,542 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for credit losses |
| | | | | | | | (3,073 | ) | (3,073 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
7,088 | 5,847 | 2,803 | 2,354 | 1,778 | 7,586 | 8,912 | 6,667 | | 43,035 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Customers liability under acceptances |
10,419 | 1,109 | 2 | 44 | | | | | | 11,574 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets |
| | | | | | | | 47,626 | 47,626 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 162,138 | $ | 38,036 | $ | 33,508 | $ | 30,461 | $ | 37,755 | $ | 106,155 | $ | 339,631 | $ | 77,111 | $ | 118,802 | $ | 943,597 | |||||||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
$ | 133,285 | $ | 39,067 | $ | 39,932 | $ | 35,900 | $ | 31,154 | $ | 95,910 | $ | 276,311 | $ | 70,812 | $ | 115,312 | $ | 837,683 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits (2) |
$ | 14,627 | $ | 33,409 | $ | 45,187 | $ | 60,217 | $ | 54,474 | $ | 31,954 | $ | 72,009 | $ | 16,238 | $ | 369,457 | $ | 697,572 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold short |
15,284 | | | | | | | | | 15,284 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash collateral on securities lent |
4,853 | | | | | | | | | 4,853 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements |
70,976 | 5,332 | 752 | | 111 | | | | | 77,171 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
7,192 | 4,725 | 2,751 | 2,624 | 2,574 | 6,919 | 12,219 | 13,336 | | 52,340 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acceptances |
10,431 | 1,109 | 2 | 44 | | | | | | 11,586 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
25 | 57 | 58 | 77 | 65 | 311 | 629 | 949 | 25,946 | 28,117 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness |
| | | | | 36 | | 6,256 | | 6,292 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity |
| | | | | | | | 50,382 | 50,382 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 123,388 | $ | 44,632 | $ | 48,750 | $ | 62,962 | $ | 57,224 | $ | 39,220 | $ | 84,857 | $ | 36,779 | $ | 445,785 | $ | 943,597 | |||||||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
$ | 114,437 | $ | 58,465 | $ | 42,381 | $ | 43,224 | $ | 28,107 | $ | 40,038 | $ | 54,440 | $ | 27,969 | $ | 428,622 | $ | 837,683 |
(1) | Cash includes interest-bearing demand deposits with the Bank of Canada. |
(2) | Comprises $232.1 billion (2021: $213.9 billion) of personal deposits; $443.0 billion (2021: $387.1 billion) of business and government deposits and secured borrowings; and $22.5 billion (2021: $20.2 billion) of bank deposits. |
The changes in the contractual maturity profile were primarily due to the natural migration of maturities and also reflect the impact of our regular business activities.
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Credit-related commitments
The following table provides the contractual maturity of notional amounts of credit-related commitments. Since a significant portion of commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total of the contractual amounts is not representative of future liquidity requirements.
$ millions, as at October 31, 2022 | Less than 1 month |
13 months |
36 months |
69 months |
912 months |
12 years |
25 years |
Over 5 years |
No specified maturity (1) |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unutilized credit commitments |
$ | 1,621 | $ | 10,058 | $ | 5,190 | $ | 5,867 | $ | 5,300 | $ | 21,483 | $ | 67,286 | $ | 2,583 | $ | 216,873 | $ | 336,261 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Securities lending (2) |
44,328 | 4,352 | 4,328 | | | | | | | 53,008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standby and performance letters of credit |
3,968 | 3,330 | 2,927 | 3,783 | 2,942 | 618 | 739 | 152 | | 18,459 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Backstop liquidity facilities |
| 11,003 | 1,076 | 604 | 172 | | | | | 12,855 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Documentary and commercial letters of credit |
59 | 98 | 21 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 24 | | | 209 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
718 | | | | | | | | | 718 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 50,694 | $ | 28,841 | $ | 13,542 | $ | 10,256 | $ | 8,415 | $ | 22,105 | $ | 68,049 | $ | 2,735 | $ | 216,873 | $ | 421,510 | |||||||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
$ | 49,440 | $ | 28,564 | $ | 10,516 | $ | 9,343 | $ | 7,902 | $ | 25,284 | $ | 57,866 | $ | 3,678 | $ | 188,449 | $ | 381,042 |
(1) | Includes $167.3 billion (2021: $141.5 billion) of personal, home equity and credit card lines, which are unconditionally cancellable at our discretion. |
(2) | Excludes securities lending of $4.9 billion (2021: $2.5 billion) for cash because it is reported on the consolidated balance sheet. |
Other off-balance sheet contractual obligations
The following table provides the contractual maturities of other off-balance sheet contractual obligations affecting our funding needs:
$ millions, as at October 31, 2022 (1) | Less than 1 month |
13 months |
36 months |
69 months |
912 months |
12 years |
25 years |
Over 5 years |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase obligations (2) |
$ | 111 | $ | 155 | $ | 275 | $ | 192 | $ | 162 | $ | 596 | $ | 757 | $ | 145 | $ | 2,393 | ||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting commitments |
936 | | | | | | | | 936 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Future lease commitments (1) |
| | | | | | 72 | 497 | 569 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment commitments |
| | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 18 | 432 | 462 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pension contributions (3) |
19 | 38 | 57 | 57 | 57 | | | | 228 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 1,066 | $ | 193 | $ | 341 | $ | 250 | $ | 220 | $ | 597 | $ | 847 | $ | 1,074 | $ | 4,588 | |||||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
$ | 414 | $ | 176 | $ | 221 | $ | 320 | $ | 185 | $ | 483 | $ | 735 | $ | 1,187 | $ | 3,721 |
(1) | Excludes operating lease obligations that are accounted for under IFRS 16, which are typically recognized on the consolidated balance sheet, and operating and tax expenses relating to lease commitments. The table includes lease obligations that are not accounted for under IFRS 16, including those related to future starting lease commitments for which we have not yet recognized a lease liability and right-of-use asset. |
(2) | Obligations that are legally binding agreements whereby we agree to purchase products or services with specific minimum or baseline quantities defined at fixed, minimum or variable prices over a specified period of time are defined as purchase obligations. Purchase obligations are included through to the termination date specified in the respective agreements, even if the contract is renewable. Many of the purchase agreements for goods and services include clauses that would allow us to cancel the agreement prior to expiration of the contract within a specific notice period. However, the amount above includes our obligations without regard to such termination clauses (unless actual notice of our intention to terminate the agreement has been communicated to the counterparty). The table excludes purchases of debt and equity instruments that settle within standard market time frames. |
(3) | Includes estimated minimum funding contributions for our funded defined benefit pension plans in Canada, the U.S., the U.K., and the Caribbean. Estimated minimum funding contributions are included only for the next annual period as the minimum contributions are affected by various factors, such as market performance and regulatory requirements, and are therefore subject to significant variability. |
Strategic risk is the risk of ineffective or improper implementation of business strategies, including mergers, acquisitions and divestitures. It includes the potential financial loss due to the failure of organic growth initiatives or failure to respond appropriately to changes in the business environment. For additional details on corporate transactions, see the Top and emerging risks section.
Oversight of strategic risk is the responsibility of the ExCo and the Board. At least annually, the CEO outlines the process and presents the strategic business plan to the Board for review and approval. As part of the annual planning process, Risk Management assesses the overall and business unit strategic plans to ensure alignment with our risk appetite. The Board reviews the plan in light of managements assessment of emerging market trends, the competitive environment, potential risks and other key issues.
One of the tools for measuring, monitoring and controlling strategic risk is attribution of regulatory capital against this risk. Our regulatory capital models include a strategic risk component for those businesses utilizing capital to fund an acquisition or a significant organic growth strategy.
Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from people, inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, or from external events. Operational risk is inherent in all CIBC activities and transactions. Failure to manage operational risk can result in direct or indirect financial loss, reputational impact, or regulatory review and penalties. The Operational Risk Management Framework (the Framework) sets out the requirements and roles and responsibilities in managing operational risk at CIBC.
Governance and Management
Operational risk is managed through the three lines of defence model and articulated in the Operational Risk Management Framework. A strong risk culture and communication between the three lines of defence are important characteristics of effective risk management. All three lines of defence, including all team members are accountable for identifying, managing and mitigating operational risk within the approved Operational Risk Appetite. For further details, refer to the Management of risk Risk overview section.
Global Operational Risk Management (GORM) is responsible for oversight of the enterprise-wide operational risk and control environment globally. To effectively discharge its mandate, GORM establishes frameworks, policies, related procedures and guidelines, and develops tools, systems and processes to enable effective identification, measurement, mitigation, monitoring and reporting of operational risks. GORM is also responsible for determining the level of operational risk capital in compliance with OSFIs guidelines. From a governance perspective, the ORCC, chaired by the Senior Vice-President, GORM, is a forum for senior management, with representation from each of the three lines of defence, to monitor and discuss significant operational risk and control matters. ORCC is a sub-committee of the GRC. GRC, chaired by the CRO, is a senior management forum for discussion and oversight of risk appetite, risk profile and risk mitigation strategies.
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Operational risk management approach
Information transparency, timely escalation, clear accountability and a robust internal control environment are the principles forming the basis of the Operational Risk Management Framework, which supports and governs the processes of identifying, measuring, mitigating, monitoring, and reporting operational risks. We mitigate operational losses by consistently applying risk-based approaches and employing risk-specific assessment tools. Regular review of our risk governance structure ensures clarity of, and ownership in, key risk areas.
Risk identification
Risk identification includes the process of assessing, understanding and confirming risks, on Business Unit operations, transactions, change initiatives and emerging risks to ensure operational risks are proactively identified and managed. CIBCs business lines regularly conduct reviews of operational risks inherent in their products, services or processes and assess ways to mitigate and manage them in alignment with CIBCs risk appetite. These reviews include using risk and control self-assessments, audit findings, operational risk scenarios, past internal and external loss events, key risk indicators (KRIs) trends, change initiative risk assessments and in-depth risk reviews to form a holistic operational risk profile for the business lines. Under the three lines of defence model, GORM and relevant Control Groups challenge business lines risk assessments and mitigation actions.
Risk measurement
Risk measurement is the quantification of operational risks through operational risk capital calculations, internal loss data collection and analysis, and stress testing to understand potential operational risk exposures.
Operational loss is one of the key operational risk metrics informing us of areas of heightened risk. We collect and analyze internal operational loss event data for themes and trends. The occurrence of a material or potential material loss triggers an investigation to determine the root causes of the incident and the effectiveness of existing mitigating controls, as well as the identification of any additional mitigating actions. Additionally, we monitor the external environment for emerging or potential risks to CIBC. The analysis of material operational risk events is performed by the first line of defence and the outputs of the analysis are subject to formal independent challenge by our second line of defence. The analysis of material operational risk events forms one component of our ongoing operational risk reporting to senior management and the Board.
A robust risk measurement practice is in place to quantify operational risk and ensure adequate capital. We use the standardized method to quantify our operational risk exposure in the form of operational risk regulatory capital, as agreed with local regulators.
Risk mitigation
Risk mitigation is the determination of appropriate strategies and development of action plans to address operational risks to ensure residual risks are within the CIBC risk appetite. Our primary tool for mitigating operational risk exposure is a robust internal control environment. Our Control Framework outlines key principles, structure and processes underpinning our approach to managing risks through effective controls. Under our framework, all key controls are subject to ongoing testing and review to ensure they effectively mitigate our operational risk exposures. In addition, our corporate insurance program may afford additional protection from loss while our global business continuity and broader operational resilience programs enable us to deliver critical services to our clients through disruption.
Risk monitoring and reporting
Risk monitoring and reporting ensures that operational risk issues, including emerging risks, are monitored and communicated to the relevant stakeholders in a timely and transparent manner.
Both forward-looking KRIs as well as backward-looking key performance indicators provide insight into our risk exposure and are used to monitor the main drivers of exposure associated with key operational risks and their adherence to the operational risk appetite. KRIs assist in early detection of potential operational risk events by identifying unfavourable trends and highlighting controls that may not be designed or operating effectively. Business lines are required to identify and implement KRIs for material risk exposures on an ongoing basis. Escalation triggers are used to highlight risk exposures requiring additional attention from senior management and/or the Board. The second line of defence challenges the selection of KRIs and the appropriateness of thresholds.
Our risk monitoring processes support a transparent risk-reporting program, informing both senior management and the Board of our control environment, operational risk exposures, and mitigation strategies. Operational risk practices are continuously enhanced to increase robustness of the operational risk management program for effective and efficient identification, measurement, mitigation, monitoring and reporting of operational risks in CIBC.
Operational risks which may adversely impact CIBC include the following:
Anti-money laundering/anti-terrorist financing
The risk of CIBCs potential non-conformance with global AML and ATF regulatory requirements and sanctions regulations leading to enhanced regulatory scrutiny, regulatory censure (i.e., cease and desist orders) and/or financial loss (i.e., regulatory, criminal or civil penalties and/or forfeiture of assets). See Anti-money laundering in the Top and emerging risks section for further details.
Fraud risk
The risk relating to the intentions to defraud, misappropriate property/assets or circumvent regulations, the law or CIBC policy and can be committed by either employees or by outsiders such as clients or third parties.
Information security risk (including cyber security)
The risk to the confidentiality, integrity and availability of CIBC-owned information, and the information entrusted to CIBC by clients, employees, shareholders, business partners, and third parties that if leaked, accessed without authorization or lost, could cause damage to CIBCs business and its customers. See Technology, information and cyber security risk in the Top and emerging risks section for further details.
Technology risk
The risk of compromised availability, degradation, recovery, capacity, performance, integrity of new or existing systems. See Technology, information and cyber security risk in the Top and emerging risks section for further details.
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Third party risk
The potential risk that may arise from relying on a third party business arrangement between CIBC and another entity, by contract or otherwise. This includes activities that involve outsourced products and services, use of outside consultants, networking arrangements, managed services, services provided by affiliates and subsidiaries, joint ventures, sponsorships, no-fee contracts, and any other arrangement that involves the delivery of business activities, functions or processes to CIBC and/or its clients. See Third-party risk in the Top and emerging risks section for further details.
Other operational risks include business interruption risk, data risk, conduct risk (see the Conduct risk section), financial reporting risk, legal risk (see the Reputation and legal risks section), model risk, people risk, privacy risk, project risk, physical security and safety risk, regulatory compliance risk (see the Regulatory compliance risk section) and transaction processing and execution risk.
Environmental and social risk is the risk of financial loss or damage to reputation associated with environmental and social issues, whether arising from our credit and investment activities or related to our own operations. These risks can include but are not limited to topics such as climate change, biodiversity, racial inequality, and modern slavery.
Governance
As environmental and social risk management requires a multi-disciplinary approach, these risk factors are considered in our ESG Governance Framework, which defines responsibility for ESG from the Board down to those with day-to-day accountability for execution.
CIBCs Board and its committees provide ongoing oversight of our bank-wide ESG framework, each playing a distinct, but integrated role. The Corporate Governance Committee leads oversight of our ESG strategy, and in this capacity considers external challenges, trends and developments that should be incorporated in our strategic plans. Other Board committees lead the oversight of specific elements of our ESG strategy based on mandate, and as it pertains to environmental and social risks; in particular, the Risk Committee supervises key frameworks related to CIBCs principal business risks, which include climate-related risks, and the Audit Committee has oversight of the underlying processes and controls of the ESG disclosures in our Annual Report and our Sustainability Report.
At the senior management level, our Executive Committee is accountable for the progress on CIBCs ESG agenda, and the Executive Vice-President and Chief Legal Officer (CLO) is the executive horizontal owner of ESG across the enterprise, which includes leading our ESG strategy and ESG Governance Framework. In this capacity, the CLO also works closely with our CRO, who has overall responsibility for enterprise risk management. Executive management of ESG is also facilitated through CIBCs Senior Executive ESG Council, which is chaired by the Executive Vice-President and Chief Legal Officer, and has representation from all SBUs and functional groups, enabling bank-wide input and coordination on strategic ESG initiatives in response to CIBCs environmental and social responsibilities. Our Enterprise ESG team, which reports to the CLO, works alongside the SBUs, functional groups and ESG subject matter experts across the bank, such as the Environmental Risk team within Enterprise Risk Management, to advance CIBCs ESG agenda.
Understanding that environmental and social topics and related risks are evolving, we have regular, two-way engagement with our stakeholders and continuously assess and engage on other environmental and social issues through partnerships and industry initiatives. This helps to ensure that we have a common understanding of this risk area and are prepared to respond. Beyond the risks listed below, we are learning and contributing to emerging topics such as biodiversity and the circular economy, through participation in the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures Forum and Circular Economy Leadership Canada, respectively, and helping to transform financial decision making to better integrate risks posed by environmental and social issues through participation in A4S (Accounting for Sustainability).
Risk management
Within CIBCs Risk Management function, the Enterprise Risk Management group provides independent oversight of the measurement, monitoring and control of environmental risks. This group is led by the Senior Vice-President, Enterprise Risk Management, who has direct accountability to the CRO for environmental risk oversight. This team works closely with the Enterprise ESG team, to ensure that climate and related social risks are integrated into our ESG strategy, as well as with the SBUs and functional groups to ensure that best practices of environmental responsibility are applied to the banking services that we provide to our clients, the relationships we have with our stakeholders, and to the way we manage our facilities.
Our corporate environmental policy describes our approach to prudent environmental management, including climate-related issues, and assigns responsibilities for managing our environmental impacts and is under the overall management of the Environmental Risk team. Our policy states that CIBC will develop, implement and maintain standards and procedures to review, assess and manage the environmental risks inherent in lending and investment activities and seek through such activities to promote sound environmental management practices among those with whom business is conducted. For example, environmental and related social evaluations are integrated into our credit risk assessment processes, with standards and procedures in place for all sectors. In addition, environmental and related social risk assessments in project finance, project-related corporate loans and bridge loans are required, in accordance with our commitment to the Equator Principles (adopted in 2003), which are a voluntary set of guidelines for financial institutions based on the screening criteria from the International Finance Corporation. An escalation process is in place for transactions with the potential to have significant environmental and related social risk, with escalation up to the Reputation and Legal Risks Committee for senior executive review, if required.
Social risks, which may not be related to environmental risks, such as child labour or human rights violations, are a component of reputation and legal risks. Social risk is therefore assessed and mitigated according to the policies and related procedures followed for managing reputation and legal risks, including through the Reputation Risk Management Framework, Global Reputation and Legal Risks Policy and business-specific procedures. See the Reputation and legal risks section for additional information.
Climate change
Climate risk is integrated into our risk management processes, beginning with our climate-related risk appetite, which is defined based on qualitative considerations and reflects our guiding principle of practicing sound risk management, as well as enabling us to address stakeholders expectations with respect to climate risk management. We are currently focused on defining quantitative climate-related risk appetite statement measures, and to achieve this, we are developing different options to incorporate relevant risk appetite metrics and tolerance levels.
We are actively identifying and assessing climate-related risks and how they might impact business operations, cause physical damage, disrupt supply chains and affect global economies, and ultimately impact credit and market risk. To do this, we are continuing to develop a suite of tools including carbon risk scoring, heat maps, scenario analysis and measuring financed emissions to give us insights into the risks at a client, sector and portfolio level, as there is not one individual tool that can adequately measure the risks that our clients face due to climate change.
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Our carbon risk scoring considers the short, medium and long-term impacts that a corporate or commercial client might face due to climate change such as policy, technology and market shifts. It allows us to score each client on a scale of advanced to poor, referring those clients that score poorly to our High Carbon Score Committee to develop appropriate action plans to mitigate the risk.
Our heat map approach also provides a visual representation of the business and government sectors that are vulnerable to climate-related risks. Based on this heat map assessment, we assign a score to each industry and sector within our portfolio based on general exposure to physical and transition risks. The combined weighted average score is used to infer potential credit migrations which is used as an input into scenario analysis to estimate potential changes in PD, expected loss and RWA. The latter is based on the Bank of Canada and OSFI pilot scenario and provides a useful what-if framework to explore how climate-related risks may manifest in the future.
These risk management tools provide us with a higher level of granularity to understand how our individual portfolios behave with regard to climate-related risks and where to focus mitigation efforts, as well as informing business decisions towards potential opportunities and areas where we can support our clients. We will continue expanding our knowledge and exploring and assessing climate-related risk impacts as industry standards, the regulatory environment, data quality, tools and our approach mature.
Human rights and codes of conduct
CIBC is committed to respecting human rights and stands against slavery and human trafficking throughout our business and supply chains.
We uphold human rights by incorporating global best practices enterprise-wide, including those embodied by the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, and promoting a fair, diverse and inclusive work environment. We comply with all applicable human rights laws and standards in the jurisdictions in which we operate, including laws addressing issues such as pay equity, employment equity, health and safety, discrimination and harassment. We expect our team members, clients, suppliers and other third parties with whom we have a business relationship to share our commitment to respect human rights. More information can be found in the CIBC on Human Rights: Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement, which is available on our website.
CIBCs Code of Conduct is an important reference point in our culture and also lays out the standards we have in place for how team members should behave and treat our clients, communities and fellow team members. The Code of Conduct sets out underlying policies that guide our actions that are foundational to our purpose-led and inclusive culture as we grow in a sustainable way. This includes acting with honesty, integrity and respect. To maintain appropriate conduct and address inappropriate conduct, we use an integrated framework of programs, standards, policies, guidelines and procedures that all align with the high-level principles and ethical standards set out in our Code of Conduct. See the Conduct risk section for additional information.
Our Supplier Code of Conduct sets out the principles, standards and behaviours that our suppliers must follow, as we expect that they act ethically and adhere to all applicable laws, rules and regulations, such as maintaining responsible labour practices and human rights, in the jurisdictions in which they operate. We have procedures in place to assess supplier risk and to govern our contracted supplier relationships. Due diligence reviews of new, existing and prospective suppliers require consideration of applicable ESG factors in order to mitigate these potential risks within our supply chain.
More information on our ESG governance, policy, management and performance can be found in our Sustainability Report, which is available on our website.
Regulatory compliance risk is the risk of CIBCs potential non-conformance with applicable regulatory requirements.
Our regulatory compliance philosophy is to manage and mitigate regulatory compliance risk through the promotion of a strong risk culture within the parameters established by CIBCs Risk Appetite Statement. The foundation of this approach is a comprehensive Regulatory Compliance Management (RCM) framework. The RCM framework, owned by the Senior Vice-President, Chief Compliance Officer and Global Regulatory Affairs, and approved by the RMC, maps regulatory requirements to internal policies, procedures and/or controls that govern regulatory compliance.
Our Compliance department is responsible for the development and maintenance of a comprehensive regulatory compliance program, including oversight of the RCM framework. This department is independent of business management and regularly reports to the RMC.
Primary responsibility for compliance with all applicable regulatory requirements rests with senior management of the business and functional groups, and extends to all employees. The Compliance departments activities support those groups, with particular emphasis on regulatory requirements that govern the relationship between CIBC and its clients.
See the Regulatory developments section for further details.
Insurance risk is the risk of loss arising from the obligation to pay out benefits and expenses on insurance policies in excess of expected amounts. Unfavourable actual experience could emerge due to adverse fluctuations in timing, size and frequency of actual claims (e.g., mortality, morbidity), policyholder behaviour (e.g., cancellation of coverage), or associated expenses.
Insurance contracts provide financial compensation to the beneficiary in the event of an insured risk occurring in exchange for premiums. We are exposed to insurance risk in our life insurance business and in our reinsurance business within the respective subsidiaries.
Senior management of the insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries have primary responsibility for managing insurance risk with oversight by Risk Management. The insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries also have their own boards of directors, and an independent Appointed Actuary who provide additional input to risk management oversight. Processes and oversight are in place to manage the risk to our insurance business. Underwriting risk on business assumed is managed through risk policies that limit exposure to an individual life, to certain types of business and to regions.
Our risk governance practices ensure strong independent oversight and control of risk within the insurance businesses. The subsidiaries boards outline the internal risk and control structure to manage insurance risk, which includes risk, capital and control policies, processes as well as limits and governance. Senior management of the insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries and Risk Management attend the subsidiaries board meetings.
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Our reputation and financial soundness are of fundamental importance to us and to our clients, shareholders, third parties, regulators, team members and communities.
Reputation risk is the risk of negative publicity regarding our business conduct or practices which, whether true or not, could significantly harm our reputation as a leading financial institution, or could materially and adversely affect our business, operations or financial condition.
Legal risk is the risk of financial loss arising from one or more of the following factors: (a) civil, criminal or regulatory enforcement proceedings against us; (b) our failure to correctly document, enforce or comply with contractual obligations; (c) failure to comply with our legal obligations to clients, investors, team members, counterparties or other stakeholders; (d) failure to take appropriate legal measures to protect our assets or security interests; or (e) misconduct by our team members or agents.
All team members at CIBC play an important role in protecting our reputation by ensuring that the highest ethical standards are followed in how we act and what we do. Not only must we act with integrity at all times, we must also ensure that activities being conducted do not pose undue risks to CIBCs reputation for ethical, sound and responsible business practices. As a result, requirements for the management and oversight of potential reputation risk are integrated throughout our framework of policies and related procedures. These processes include the management of various risks as set out in CIBCs Risk Appetite Statement, Risk Management Framework and Code of Conduct. Our Reputation Risk Management Framework, Global Reputation and Legal Risks Policy and business-specific procedures outline how we safeguard our reputation through identification, assessment, escalation and mitigation of potential reputation and legal risks. Proactive management of potential reputation and legal risks is a key responsibility of CIBC and all our team members.
Overall governance and oversight of reputation risk is provided by the Board, primarily through the RMC of the Board. Senior management oversight of reputation and legal risks is provided by the Reputation and Legal Risks Committee, which is a sub-committee of GRC and reports its activities regularly to the GRC. Additionally, there are specific senior management committees across the enterprise that provide further oversight to ensure required practices are followed and any material reputation and legal risks are identified, managed, and if required, escalated, effectively.
Conduct risk is the risk that the actions or omissions (i.e., behaviour) of CIBC, team members or third parties: do not align with our desired culture and values; deliver poor or unfair outcomes for clients, team members or shareholders; result in adverse market practices and outcomes; impact CIBCs reputation as a leading financial institution; or materially and adversely affect our business, operations or financial condition.
Our Conduct and Culture Risk Framework applies enterprise-wide and outlines how we manage conduct risk through the proactive identification, measurement and management of potential conduct risk. Every team member is accountable for the identification and management of conduct risk. The overarching principles and requirements for maintaining appropriate conduct and addressing inappropriate conduct are covered in the CIBC Code of Conduct (the Code) and other global, regional and business specific policies, frameworks, processes and procedures. All team members must abide by the Code, and CIBC policies, frameworks, processes and procedures in carrying out the accountabilities of their role. Overall governance of conduct risk is provided by the Board and its committees, including the CGC, as well as senior management committees.
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Accounting and control matters
Critical accounting policies and estimates
The consolidated financial statements of CIBC have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). These consolidated financial statements also comply with Section 308(4) of the Bank Act (Canada) and the requirements of OSFI. A summary of significant accounting policies is presented in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.
Certain accounting policies require us to make judgments and estimates, some of which relate to matters that are uncertain. As discussed in the Economic and market environment section, there are elevated levels of uncertainty related to the impact that rising interest rates, inflation and supply chain disruptions exacerbated by geopolitical events and the measures imposed in some countries to combat the spread of COVID-19, will have on the macroeconomic environment. These challenges continue to give rise to heightened uncertainty as it relates to our critical accounting estimates and increases the need to apply judgment in evaluating the economic and market environment and its impact on significant estimates. Changes in the judgments and estimates required in the critical accounting policies discussed below could have a material impact on our financial results. We have established control procedures to ensure accounting policies are applied consistently and processes for changing methodologies are well controlled.
Use and classification of financial instruments
As a financial institution, our assets and liabilities primarily comprise financial instruments, which include deposits, securities, loans, derivatives, acceptances, repurchase agreements, and subordinated indebtedness.
We use these financial instruments for both trading and non-trading activities. Trading activities primarily include the purchase and sale of securities and metals, transacting in foreign exchange and derivative instruments in the course of facilitating client trades and taking proprietary trading positions with the objective of income generation. Non-trading activities generally include the business of lending, investing, funding, and ALM.
The use of financial instruments may either introduce or mitigate exposures to market, credit and/or liquidity risks. See the Management of risk section for details on how these risks are managed.
Financial instruments are accounted for according to their classification. Judgment is applied in determining the appropriate classification of financial instruments under IFRS 9, in particular as it relates to the assessment of whether debt financial assets meet the solely payment of principal and interest (SPPI) test, and the assessment of the business model used to manage financial assets. For details on the accounting for these instruments under IFRS 9, see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.
Determination of fair value of financial instruments
Under IFRS 9, debt and equity securities mandatorily measured and designated at FVTPL, business and government loans mandatorily measured and designated at FVTPL, obligations related to securities sold short, derivative contracts, FVOCI securities and FVO financial instruments are carried at fair value. FVO financial instruments include certain debt securities, certain secured borrowings, obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements, structured deposits and business and government deposits. Retail mortgage interest rate commitments are also designated as FVO financial instruments.
IFRS 13 defines fair value to be the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability at the measurement date in an orderly arms-length transaction between market participants in the principal market under current market conditions (i.e., the exit price). Fair value measurements are categorized into levels within a fair value hierarchy based on the nature of the valuation inputs (Level 1, 2 or 3). We have an established and documented process for determining fair value. Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in an active market for the same instrument, where available (Level 1). If active market prices or quotes are not available for an instrument, fair value is then based on valuation models in which the significant inputs are observable (Level 2) or in which one or more of the significant inputs are non-observable (Level 3). Estimating fair value requires the application of judgment. The type and level of judgment required is largely dependent on the amount of observable market information available.
For instruments valued using internally developed models that use significant non-observable market inputs and are therefore classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy, the judgment used to estimate fair value is more significant than when estimating the fair value of instruments classified within Levels 1 and 2. To ensure that valuations are appropriate, a number of policies and controls are in place, including independent validation of valuation inputs to external sources such as exchange quotes, broker quotes or other management-approved independent pricing sources.
The following table presents amounts, in each category of financial instruments, which are valued using valuation techniques based on Level 3 inputs. For further details of the valuation of and sensitivity associated with Level 3 financial assets and liabilities, see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||
Level 3 | Total (1) | Level 3 | Total (1) | |||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||
Securities mandatorily measured and designated at FVTPL and loans mandatorily measured at FVTPL |
$ | 1,194 | 1.7 | % | $ | 1,099 | 1.1 | % | ||||||||
Debt securities measured at FVOCI and equity securities designated at FVOCI |
161 | 0.3 | 392 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
67 | 0.2 | 97 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||
$ | 1,422 | 0.8 | % | $ | 1,588 | 0.8 | % | |||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||
Deposits and other liabilities (2) |
$ | 409 | 1.5 | % | $ | 742 | 3.8 | % | ||||||||
Derivative instruments |
1,586 | 3.0 | 267 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||
$ | 1,995 | 2.0 | % | $ | 1,009 | 1.3 | % |
(1) | Represents the percentage of Level 3 assets and liabilities over total assets and liabilities for each reported category that are carried on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. |
(2) | Includes FVO deposits and bifurcated embedded derivatives. |
Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements presents the valuation methods used to determine fair value showing separately those financial instruments that are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet and those that are not.
In order to reflect the observed market practice of pricing collateralized and uncollateralized derivatives, our valuation approach uses overnight indexed swap curves as the discount rate in the valuation of collateralized derivatives and market cost of funding in the valuation of
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uncollateralized derivatives. The use of a market cost of funds curve reduces the fair value of uncollateralized derivative assets incremental to the reduction in fair value for credit risk already reflected through the CVA. In contrast, the use of a market cost of funds curve reduces the fair value of uncollateralized derivative liabilities in a manner that generally includes adjustments for our own credit. As market practices continue to evolve in regard to derivative valuation, further adjustments may be required in the future.
Fair value adjustments
We apply judgment in establishing valuation adjustments that take into account various factors that may have an impact on the valuation of financial instruments that are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the bid-offer spread, illiquidity due to lack of market depth and other market risks, parameter uncertainty, model risk, and credit risk.
The establishment of fair value adjustments involves estimates that are based on accounting processes and judgments by management. We evaluate the adequacy of the fair value adjustments on an ongoing basis. The level of fair value adjustments could change as events warrant and may not reflect ultimate realizable amounts.
As at October 31, 2022, the total valuation adjustments related to financial instruments carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet was $326 million (2021: $270 million), primarily related to credit risk, bid-offer spreads, and parameter uncertainty of our derivative assets and liabilities, as well as adjustments recognized for valuing our uncollateralized derivative assets and liabilities based on an estimated market cost of funds curve.
Impairment of financial assets
Under IFRS 9, we establish and maintain ECL allowances for all debt instrument financial assets classified as amortized cost or FVOCI. In addition, the ECL allowances apply to loan commitments and financial guarantees that are not measured at FVTPL.
ECL allowances represent credit losses that reflect an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes, the time value of money and reasonable and supportable information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions. One of the objectives of IFRS 9 is to record lifetime losses on all financial instruments that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk since their initial recognition. As a result, ECL allowances are measured at amounts equal to either: (i) 12-month ECL; or (ii) lifetime ECL for those financial instruments that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition or when there is objective evidence of impairment.
Key drivers of expected credit loss
The ECL impairment requirements of IFRS 9 require that we make judgments and estimates related to matters that are uncertain. In particular, the ECL requirements of IFRS 9 incorporate the following elements that are subject to a high level of judgment:
| Determining when a significant increase in credit risk of a loan has occurred; |
| Measuring both 12-month and lifetime credit losses; and |
| Forecasting forward-looking information for multiple scenarios and determining the probability weighting of each scenario. |
In addition, the interrelationship between these elements is also subject to a high degree of judgment. Changes in the judgments and estimates related to IFRS 9 can have a significant impact on the level of ECL allowance recognized and the period-over-period volatility of the provision for credit losses. Changes in a particular period could have a material impact on our financial results.
We continue to operate in an uncertain macroeconomic environment. While improvements in our economic outlook resulted in a moderate reduction in our stage 1 and stage 2 performing ECLs during the three months ended January 31, 2022, a worsening of our economic outlook during the nine months ended October 31, 2022 resulted in a moderate increase in our stage 1 and stage 2 performing ECLs. There is inherent uncertainty in estimating the impact that rising interest rates, inflation and supply chain disruptions exacerbated by the measures imposed in some countries to combat the spread of COVID-19 and geopolitical events, will have on the macroeconomic environment. As a result, a heightened level of judgment in estimating ECLs in respect of all these elements as discussed above, continued to be required. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions. See Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements for more information concerning the high level of judgment inherent in the estimation of ECL allowance under IFRS 9.
Use of the regulatory framework
Our ECL model leverages the data, systems and processes that are used to calculate Basel expected losses regulatory adjustments for the portion of our portfolios under the AIRB approach. Significant judgment is applied in making appropriate adjustments to the Basel parameters to meet IFRS 9 requirements, including the conversion of through-the-cycle and downturn parameters used in the Basel regulatory calculations to point-in-time parameters used under IFRS 9 that consider forward-looking information. In addition, credit losses under IFRS 9 are 12 months for stage 1 financial instruments and lifetime for stage 2 and stage 3 financial instruments, compared to 12 months for AIRB portfolios under Basel. The main adjustments necessary to Basel risk parameters are explained in the table below:
Regulatory Capital | IFRS 9 | |||
PD | Through-the-cycle PD represents long-run average PD throughout a full economic cycle | Point-in-time 12-month or lifetime PD based on current conditions and relevant forward-looking assumptions | ||
LGD | Downturn LGD based on losses that would be expected in an economic downturn and subject to certain regulatory floors
Discounted using the cost of capital |
Unbiased probability-weighted LGD based on estimated LGD including impact of relevant forward-looking assumptions such as changes in collateral value
Discounted using the original effective interest rate | ||
EAD | Based on the drawn balance plus expected utilization of any undrawn portion prior to default, and cannot be lower than the drawn balance | Amortization and repayment of principal and interest from the balance sheet date to the default date is also captured | ||
Other | ECL is discounted from the default date to the reporting date |
Attribution of provision for credit losses
We recognize provision for credit losses on both impaired (stage 3) and performing (stages 1 and 2) loans in the respective SBUs. Provision for credit losses recognized directly on our consolidated statement of income is in respect to financial instruments classified as loans and bankers
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acceptances. Provision for credit losses for FVOCI debt securities and amortized cost securities are recognized in Gains (losses) from debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost, net in the consolidated statement of income.
Hedge accounting
The IFRS 9 hedge accounting guidance is intended to better align the accounting with risk management activities. However, IFRS 9 allows the existing hedge accounting requirements under IAS 39 to continue in place of the hedge accounting requirements under IFRS 9. As permitted, we previously elected to not adopt the IFRS 9 hedge accounting requirements and instead retained the IAS 39 hedge accounting requirements. As required, we have adopted the hedge accounting disclosure requirements under amendments to IFRS 7 that were effective in 2018. As a result of interest rate benchmark reform, we have adopted Interest Rate Benchmark Reform: Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7 (Phase 1 amendments) issued by the IASB as of November 1, 2019, and adopted Interest Rate Benchmark Reform: Phase 2 Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4, and IFRS 16 (Phase 2 amendments) as of November 1, 2020. See Reforms to interest rate benchmarks in the Other regulatory developments section for more information.
Securitizations and structured entities
Securitization of our own assets
Under IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10), judgment is exercised in determining whether an investor controls an investee including assessing whether the investor has: (i) power over the investee; (ii) exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and (iii) the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Power may be exercised through voting or similar rights or, in the case of SEs, through contractual arrangements that direct the relevant activities of the investee. When voting rights are not relevant in deciding whether CIBC has power over an entity, particularly for complex SEs, the assessment of control considers all facts and circumstances, including the purpose and design of the investee, its relationship with other parties and each partys ability to make decisions over significant activities, and whether CIBC is acting as a principal or as an agent.
We sponsor several SEs that have purchased and securitized our own assets including Cards II Trust, which we consolidate under IFRS 10.
We also securitize our own mortgage assets through a government-sponsored securitization program. We sell these securitized assets to a government-sponsored securitization vehicle that we do not consolidate, as well as to other third parties. IFRS 9 provides guidance on when to derecognize financial assets. A financial asset is derecognized when the contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or when we have transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the asset such that:
| We have transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset; or |
| We have neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but have transferred control of the asset. |
We have determined that our securitization activities related to residential mortgages and cards receivables are accounted for as secured borrowing transactions because we have not met the aforementioned criteria.
Securities lending and repurchase transactions generally do not result in the transfer of substantially all the risks and rewards of the securities and as a result do not result in derecognition of the securities.
We also sell certain U.S. commercial mortgages to third parties that qualify for derecognition because we have transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the mortgages and have no continuous involvement after the transfer.
Securitization of third-party assets
We also sponsor several SEs that purchase pools of third-party assets. We consider a number of factors in determining whether CIBC controls these SEs. We monitor the extent to which we support these SEs, through direct investment in the debt issued by the SEs and through the provision of liquidity protection to the other debtholders, to assess whether we should consolidate these entities.
IFRS 10 also requires that we reconsider our consolidation assessment if facts and circumstances relevant to the entities indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control described above. Factors that trigger reassessment include, but are not limited to, significant changes in ownership structure of the entities, changes in contractual or governance arrangements, provision of a liquidity facility beyond the original terms, transactions with the entities that were not contemplated originally and changes in the financing structure of the entities.
Specifically, in relation to our multi-seller conduits, we would reconsider our consolidation assessment if our level of interest in the ABCP issued by the conduits changes significantly, or in the rare event that the liquidity facility that we provide to the conduits is drawn or amended.
A significant increase in our holdings of the outstanding commercial paper issued by the conduits would become more likely in a scenario in which the market for bank-sponsored ABCP suffered a significant deterioration such that the conduits were unable to roll their ABCP.
For additional information on the securitizations of our own assets and third-party assets, see the Off-balance sheet arrangements section and Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.
Leases
As a lessee, we recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability based on the present value of future lease payments, less any lease incentives receivable, when the lessor makes the leased asset available for use to CIBC. We apply judgment in determining the appropriate lease term, which is based on the non-cancellable portion of the lease term, adjusted for any renewal or termination options that are reasonably certain to be exercised. In accounting for the lease, we also determine the appropriate discount rates based on the rate implicit in the lease, if determinable, or on CIBCs incremental borrowing rate.
As an intermediate lessor, we apply judgment to classify a sublease as an operating or finance sublease based on whether substantially all of the risks and rewards related to the underlying right-of-use asset are transferred to the sub-lessee. If classified as a finance sublease, the related right-of-use asset is derecognized and an investment in sublease is recognized based on the head lease discount rate unless the rate implicit in the sublease is determinable. Where a finance sublease includes lease and non-lease components, we allocate the total consideration in the contract to each component based on our estimation of the standalone prices for each of these components. The investment in sublease is subsequently measured using the effective interest rate method, with interest income recognized over the term of the sublease. Rental income from operating subleases is recognized on a systematic basis over the lease term. For both finance and operating subleases, we apply similar judgments as when we are acting as a lessee to determine the appropriate lease term.
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Asset impairment
Goodwill
As at October 31, 2022, we had goodwill of $5,348 million (2021: $4,954 million). Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested, at least annually, for impairment by comparing the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit (CGU) to which goodwill has been allocated, with the carrying amount of the CGU including goodwill. Any deficiency is recognized as impairment of goodwill. The recoverable amount of a CGU is defined as the higher of its estimated fair value less cost to sell and its value in use. Goodwill is also required to be tested for impairment whenever there are indicators that it may be impaired.
Estimation of the recoverable amount is an area of significant judgment. Recoverable amounts are estimated using internally developed models that require the use of significant assumptions including forecasted earnings, discount rates, growth rates, forecasted regulatory capital requirements, and price-earnings multiples. Reductions in the estimated recoverable amount could arise from various factors, such as reductions in forecasted cash flows, an increase in the assumed level of required capital, and any adverse changes to the discount rate or terminal growth rates either in isolation or in any combination thereof. Where our estimated recoverable amount is not significantly in excess of the carrying amount of the CGU, additional judgment is required, and reductions in the recoverable amount are more likely to result in an impairment charge.
In the fourth quarter of 2022, we performed our annual impairment test. We concluded that the recoverable amounts of our CGUs were in excess of their carrying amounts.
For additional information, see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.
Other intangible assets and long-lived assets
As at October 31, 2022, we had other intangible assets with an indefinite life of $143 million (2021: $140 million) and with a definite life of $358 million (2021: $195 million), including purchased credit card relationships with a carrying value of $218 million (2021: nil) that were acquired as part of the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio. Acquired intangible assets are separately recognized if the benefits of the intangible assets are obtained through contractual or other legal rights, or if the intangible assets can be sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged. Determining the useful lives of intangible assets requires judgment and fact-based analysis.
Intangible assets with an indefinite life are not amortized but are assessed for impairment by comparing the recoverable amount to the carrying amount. The recoverable amount is defined as the higher of the estimated fair value less cost to sell and value in use. An impairment test is required at least annually, or whenever there are indicators that these assets may be impaired.
Long-lived assets and other identifiable intangible assets with a definite life are amortized over their estimated useful lives. These assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount is higher than the recoverable amount.
Determining the recoverable amount of intangible assets and long-lived assets is an area of judgment as we estimate the future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and, where appropriate, cash flows arising from the assets eventual disposition.
For additional information, see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.
Income taxes
We are committed to responsible tax practices. We execute active tax governance and tax compliance processes to meet the requirements of tax laws in all countries where we operate. We seek to manage tax and reputational risk to ensure any financial exposure is well understood and remains consistent with our strategy, risk appetite and financial goals.
We are subject to income tax laws in the various jurisdictions where we operate, and the tax laws in those jurisdictions are potentially subject to different interpretations by us and the relevant taxation authority, which gives rise to uncertainty. We use judgment in the estimation of income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities. As a result, management judgment is applied in the interpretation of the relevant tax laws and in estimating the provision for current and deferred income taxes. For tax positions where there is uncertainty regarding the ultimate determination of the tax impact, including positions which are under audit, dispute or appeal, we recognize provisions to consider this uncertainty based on our best estimate of the amount expected to be paid based on an assessment of the relevant factors.
Current tax is calculated using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. For Canadian income taxes, substantively enacted is generally interpreted to occur at the point of a third reading in a Canadian Parliament held by a minority government, or the first reading in a Canadian Parliament held by a majority government.
Deferred tax assets or liabilities are determined for each temporary difference based on the tax rates that are expected to be in effect in the period that the assets are realized or the liabilities are settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences unless the temporary differences relate to our NIFOs and will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
We are required to assess whether it is probable that our deferred tax assets will be realized prior to their expiration and, based on all of the available evidence, determine if any portion of our deferred tax assets should not be recognized. The factors used to assess the probability of realization are based on our past experience of income and capital gains, forecasts of future net income before income taxes, available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the deferred tax assets, and the remaining expiration period of tax loss carryforwards. In addition, for deductible temporary differences arising from our NIFOs, we must consider whether the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future. Although realization is not assured, we believe, based on all of the available evidence, it is probable that the recognized deferred tax assets will be realized. Income tax accounting impacts all of our reporting segments. For further details on our income taxes, see Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements.
Contingent liabilities and provisions
Legal proceedings and other contingencies
In the ordinary course of its business, CIBC is a party to a number of legal proceedings, including regulatory investigations, in which claims for substantial monetary damages are asserted against CIBC and its subsidiaries. Legal provisions are established if, in the opinion of management, it is both probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to resolve the matter, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the reliable estimate of probable loss involves a range of potential outcomes within which a specific amount appears to be a better estimate, that amount is accrued. If no specific amount within the range of potential outcomes appears to be a better estimate than any other amount, the mid-point in the range is accrued. In some instances, however, it is not possible to determine whether an obligation is probable or to reliably estimate the amount of loss, in which case no accrual can be made.
While there is inherent difficulty in predicting the outcome of legal proceedings, based on current knowledge and in consultation with legal counsel, we do not expect the outcome of these matters, individually or in aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial
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statements. However, the outcome of these matters, individually or in aggregate, may be material to our operating results for a particular reporting period. We regularly assess the adequacy of CIBCs litigation accruals and make the necessary adjustments to incorporate new information as it becomes available.
CIBC considers losses to be reasonably possible when they are neither probable nor remote. It is reasonably possible that CIBC may incur losses in addition to the amounts recorded when the loss accrued is the mid-point of a range of reasonably possible losses, or the potential loss pertains to a matter in which an unfavourable outcome is reasonably possible but not probable.
A description of significant ongoing matters to which CIBC is a party can be found in Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements. The provisions disclosed in Note 22 include all of CIBCs accruals for legal matters as at October 31, 2022, including amounts related to the significant legal proceedings described in that note and to other legal matters.
CIBC believes the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of the amounts accrued, for its significant legal proceedings, where it is possible to make such an estimate, is from nil to approximately $1.5 billion as at October 31, 2022. This estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses is based upon currently available information for those significant proceedings in which CIBC is involved, taking into account CIBCs best estimate of such losses for those cases for which an estimate can be made. CIBCs estimate involves significant judgment, given the varying stages of the proceedings and the existence of multiple defendants in many of such proceedings whose share of the liability has yet to be determined. The range does not include potential punitive damages. The matters underlying the estimated range as at October 31, 2022, consist of the significant legal matters disclosed in Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements. The matters underlying the estimated range will change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly from the current estimate. For certain matters, CIBC does not believe that an estimate can currently be made as many of them are in preliminary stages and certain matters have no specific amount claimed. Consequently, these matters are not included in the range.
Post-employment and other long-term benefit plan assumptions
We sponsor a number of benefit plans to eligible employees, including registered and supplemental pension plans, and post-retirement medical and dental plans (other post-employment benefit plans). We also continue to sponsor long-term disability medical and dental benefit plans (collectively, other long-term benefit plans). The long-term disability income replacement plan that was previously closed to new claims as of June 2004, was settled effective December 2021.
The calculation of net defined benefit plan expense and obligations depends on various actuarial assumptions such as discount rates, health-care cost trend rates, turnover of employees, projected salary increases, retirement age, and mortality rates. The actuarial assumptions used for determining the net defined benefit plan expense for a fiscal year are set at the beginning of the annual reporting period, are reviewed in accordance with accepted actuarial practice and are approved by management. We applied additional judgment in developing salary-related assumptions for the year ended October 31, 2022 given the impact of inflationary pressures on employee compensation and our public commitments to additional wage increases for certain employees.
The discount rate assumption used in measuring the net defined benefit plan expense and obligations reflects market yields, as of the measurement date, on high-quality debt instruments with a currency and term to maturity that match the currency and expected timing of benefit payments. Our discount rate is estimated by developing a yield curve based on high-quality corporate bonds. While there is a deep market of high-quality corporate bonds denominated in Canadian dollars with short and medium terms to maturity, there is not a deep market in bonds with terms to maturity that match the timing of all the expected benefit payments for all of our Canadian plans. As a result, for our Canadian pension, other post-employment and other long-term benefit plans, we estimate the yields of high-quality corporate bonds with longer-term maturities by extrapolating current yields on bonds with short- and medium-term durations along the yield curve. Judgment is required in constructing the yield curve, and as a result, different methodologies applied in constructing the yield curve can give rise to different discount rates.
For further details of our annual pension and other post-employment expense and obligations, see Note 18 and Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.
Self-managed loyalty points program
We sponsor certain self-managed credit card loyalty points programs for which we recognize credit card loyalty point liabilities that are subject to periodic remeasurement to reflect the expected cost of redemption as this expectation changes over time. The calculation of the expected cost of redemption requires the use of judgment and depends on various assumptions, including estimation of the cost per point and the long-term redemption rate.
For further details on our self-managed loyalty points programs, see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.
Transition to IFRS 17
IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts (IFRS 17), issued in May 2017, replaces IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts. In June 2020, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 17 partly aimed at helping companies implement the standard. IFRS 17, incorporating the amendments, is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023, which for us, will be November 1, 2023. IFRS 17 provides comprehensive guidance on the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of insurance contracts we issue and reinsurance contracts we hold. IFRS 17 is to be applied retrospectively unless impracticable. We expect changes in the timing of revenue recognition for our insurance contracts and changes to our insurance contract liabilities as a result of IFRS 17.
We continue to prepare for the implementation of IFRS 17, which is overseen by an Executive Steering Committee. The Executive Steering Committee includes stakeholders from the frontline business and functional groups including Finance, Technology and Risk Management as well as our Appointed Actuary. We have evaluated the changes to our accounting and actuarial policies resulting from the adoption of IFRS 17 and are in the process of implementing a technology solution to support the new accounting requirements.
We continue to evaluate the effect of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.
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Reforms to interest rate benchmarks
Various interest rate and other indices that are deemed to be benchmarks (including LIBOR) are the subject of international regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. Regulators in various jurisdictions have pushed for the transition from Interbank Offered Rates (IBORs) to alternative benchmark rates (alternative rates), based upon risk-free rates determined using actual market transactions. Following the previous announcements by various regulators, the publication of LIBOR settings for all sterling, Japanese yen, Swiss franc and euro, as well as 1-week and 2-month USD LIBOR settings was discontinued on December 31, 2021. The remaining USD LIBOR settings will cease to be published after June 30, 2023. In March 2022, the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act was enacted in the U.S., which allows for contracts that do not contain adequate fallback provisions to automatically transition to Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) upon the cessation of USD LIBOR. The enactment of this legislation is a positive step towards facilitating the remediation efforts for USD LIBOR exposures.
In December 2021, CARR recommended to Refinitiv Benchmark Services (UK) Limited (RBSL), the CDOR administrator, to cease the calculation and publication of CDOR after June 30, 2024 and proposed a two-staged approach to the transition from CDOR to CORRA. Following public consultation, on May 16, 2022, RBSL announced that it will permanently cease the publication and calculation of all remaining tenors of CDOR after June 28, 2024. Following this announcement, OSFI published its expectations for CDOR transition which is consistent with the two-stage transition approach proposed by CARR. OSFI expects all new derivatives and securities to transition to the alternative rates by June 30, 2023, with no new CDOR exposures after that date, with limited exceptions. OSFI also expects all loan agreements referencing CDOR to be transitioned by June 28, 2024, and FRFIs to prioritize system and model updates to accommodate the use of CORRA prior to June 28, 2024.
The transition from current reference rates to alternative rates may adversely affect the value of, return on, or trading market for contracts linked to existing benchmarks. These developments may cause some LIBOR and other benchmarks to be discontinued. A significant number of CIBCs derivatives, securities, and lending and deposit contracts reference various interest rate benchmarks, including contracts with maturity dates that extend beyond the cessation dates announced by the regulators.
In response to the reforms to interest rate benchmarks, CIBC established an Enterprise IBOR Transition Program (Program), to manage and coordinate all aspects of the transition. The Program is supported by a formal governance structure and dedicated working groups that include stakeholders from frontline businesses as well as functional groups such as Treasury, Technology and Operations, Risk Management, Legal, and Finance, to facilitate the transition.
Our Enterprise IBOR Transition Program continues to manage and coordinate all aspects of the transition. Consistent with regulatory expectations, we have completed the transition of our non-USD LIBOR and 1-week and 2-month USD LIBOR referenced contracts, and no new USD LIBOR products were originated after December 31, 2021 with limited permitted exceptions. We are in the process of transitioning our remaining USD LIBOR based contracts to the alternative rates and have developed business processes to support the transition. The Program is also assessing the impact of the cessation of CDOR on our operations and is developing plans to facilitate the transition of CDOR to alternative rates. As part of the Program, we continue to engage with industry associations on ongoing developments, and continue to incorporate these into our project plan and make information available to our clients, advising them on recent developments. The Program provides regular updates to senior management, including the Executive Committee, and the Board.
The IASB issued amendments to impacted accounting standards to provide relief to entities impacted by the transition to alternative rates. In September 2019, the IASB issued Interest Rate Benchmark Reform: Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7 (the Phase 1 amendments), which provides relief for specific hedge accounting requirements to address uncertainties in the period before interest rate benchmark reform, and provides certain disclosure requirements. In August 2020, the IASB issued Interest Rate Benchmark Reform: Phase 2 Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16 (the Phase 2 amendments), which addresses issues that affect financial reporting once an existing rate is replaced with an alternative rate and provides for additional disclosure requirements. As we elected to continue to apply the hedge accounting requirements of IAS 39 upon the adoption of IFRS 9, only the amendments to the classification and measurement sections of IFRS 9, the hedge accounting sections of IAS 39 and IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16 apply to us. CIBC elected to early adopt the Phase 1 and Phase 2 amendments effective November 1, 2019 and November 1, 2020, respectively. As a result, we have provided additional disclosures related to our exposures to significant benchmark rates subject to the reform in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements.
Client-focused reforms
In October 2019, the CSA published final amendments to National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions, and Ongoing Registrant Obligations and its Companion Policy. The client-focused reforms are supported by new and/or amended requirements with respect to know your client, enhanced suitability, product due diligence, know your product, conflicts of interest, relationship disclosure, referrals, and misleading communications. The CSA expects that these requirements will result in a new, higher standard of conduct across all categories for registered dealers, advisers and their representatives. In addition, the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada and the Mutual Fund Dealers Association (MFDA) published rule amendments aligning to the CSA client-focused reforms.
Due to COVID-19, the original implementation dates scheduled for June 30, 2020 (conflicts of interest) and December 31, 2020 (all remaining amendments) were deferred to 2021. Pursuant to the new timelines, the requirements related to conflicts of interest were effective June 30, 2021 and all other remaining requirements are effective December 31, 2021.
These requirements impact our Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management and Canadian Personal and Business Banking SBUs, as well as Direct Financial Services within our Capital Markets SBU. Relevant changes to our policies and procedures to comply with the conflicts of interest requirements were implemented by June 30, 2021. The remaining changes to our policies and procedures to comply were implemented by December 31, 2021.
CDIC Deposit protection modernization
In April 2019, the Canadian Federal government approved changes to the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation Act intended to strengthen and modernize deposit protection. The changes occur in two phases. The first phase was effective on April 30, 2020, and included changes to extend CDIC coverage to foreign currency deposits and deposits with terms greater than five years, and to eliminate coverage for travellers cheques. The second phase was effective on April 30, 2022, and included additional changes such as providing separate coverage for certain registered plans and introducing new requirements for deposits held in trust.
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OSFI Guideline B-13 Technology and Cyber Risk Management
On July 13, 2022, OSFI issued the final Guideline B-13, which will become effective on January 1, 2024. This guideline sets out OSFIs expectations for how FRFIs should manage technology and cyber risks such as data breaches, technology outages and more. The Guideline is organized around three domains, each of which sets out key components for sound risk management: Governance and Risk Management, Technology Operations and Resilience, and Cyber Security. Efforts are underway to self-assess and ensure compliance with the Guideline.
OSFI Guideline Assurance on Capital, Leverage and Liquidity Returns
On November 7, 2022, OSFI issued a Guideline on Assurance on Capital, Leverage and Liquidity Returns, which sets out OSFIs three-step approach to enhancing and aligning assurance expectations over regulatory capital, leverage and liquidity returns, including expectations concerning the role of management, Internal Audit and the external auditors. The Guideline is effective in stages over a three year period beginning in fiscal 2023, including the requirement for an external audit opinion on the numerator and denominator of key regulatory ratios in fiscal 2025.
We have various processes in place to ensure that the relevant related-party information is identified and reported to the CGC of the Board on a quarterly basis, as required by the Bank Act (Canada). The CGC has the responsibility for reviewing our policies and practices in identifying transactions with our related parties that may materially affect us, and reviewing the associated procedures for promoting compliance with the Bank Act (Canada).
In the ordinary course of business, we provide banking services and enter into transactions with related parties on terms similar to those offered to unrelated parties. Related parties include key management personnel(1), their close family members, and entities that they or their close family members control or jointly control. Related parties also include associates and joint ventures accounted for under the equity method, and post-employment benefit plans for CIBC employees. Loans to these related parties are made in the ordinary course of business and on substantially the same terms as for comparable transactions with unrelated parties. We offer a subsidy on annual fees and preferential interest rates on credit card balances to senior officers which is the same offer extended to all employees of CIBC. In addition, CIBC offers deferred share and other plans to non-employee directors, executives, and certain other key employees. Details of our compensation of key management personnel(1) and our investments in equity-accounted associates and joint ventures are disclosed in Notes 17, 18, 24 and 25 to the consolidated financial statements.
(1) | Key management personnel are defined as those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of CIBC directly or indirectly and comprise the members of the Board (referred to as directors), ExCo and certain named officers per the Bank Act (Canada) (collectively referred to as senior officers). Board members who are also ExCo members are included as senior officers. |
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Policy on the Scope of Services of the Shareholders Auditor
The Policy on the Scope of Services of the Shareholders Auditor sets out the parameters for the engagement of the shareholders auditor by CIBC that are consistent with applicable law, including the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and SEC rules. The policy requires the Audit Committees pre-approval of all work performed by the shareholders auditor and prohibits CIBC from engaging the shareholders auditor for prohibited services. The Audit Committee is accountable for the oversight of the work of the shareholders auditor and for an annual assessment of the engagement teams qualifications, performance and independence, including lead audit partner rotation. The Audit Committee is also responsible for conducting a periodic comprehensive review of the external auditor at least every five years. The Audit Committees oversight activities over the shareholders auditor are disclosed in our Management Proxy Circular.
Disclosure controls and procedures
CIBCs disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that relevant information is accumulated and communicated to CIBCs management, including the President and CEO and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
CIBCs management, with the participation of the President and CEO and the CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of CIBCs disclosure controls and procedures as at October 31, 2022, (as defined in the rules of the SEC and the CSA). Based on that evaluation, the President and CEO and the CFO have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Managements annual report on internal control over financial reporting
CIBCs management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for CIBC.
Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the President and CEO and the CFO and effected by the Board, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. CIBCs internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records, that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of CIBC; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB, and that receipts and expenditures of CIBC are being made only in accordance with authorizations of CIBCs management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of CIBCs assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations and may not prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.
CIBCs management has used the Internal Control Integrated Framework that was published in 2013 by the COSO as the basis to evaluate the effectiveness of CIBCs internal control over financial reporting.
As at October 31, 2022, management assessed the effectiveness of CIBCs internal control over financial reporting and concluded that such internal control was effective.
Ernst & Young LLP, the shareholders auditor, has audited the consolidated financial statements of CIBC for the year ended October 31, 2022, and has also issued a report on internal control over financial reporting under standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).
Changes in internal control over financial reporting
There have been no changes in CIBCs internal control over financial reporting during the year ended October 31, 2022, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control.
94 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
Supplementary annual financial information
Average balance sheet, net interest income and margin
Average balance (1) | Interest | Average rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic assets (2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and deposits with banks |
$ | 24,833 | $ | 37,527 | $ | 30,232 | $ | 384 | $ | 95 | $ | 150 | 1.55 | % | 0.25 | % | 0.50 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Securities |
88,483 | 82,262 | 76,063 | 2,072 | 1,567 | 1,776 | 2.34 | 1.90 | 2.33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements |
29,606 | 27,203 | 26,498 | 509 | 154 | 290 | 1.72 | 0.57 | 1.09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
Residential mortgages |
256,600 | 230,606 | 208,811 | 6,722 | 5,141 | 5,581 | 2.62 | 2.23 | 2.67 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal (3) |
41,687 | 39,939 | 40,690 | 2,075 | 1,624 | 1,949 | 4.98 | 4.07 | 4.79 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit card (3) |
13,236 | 10,171 | 11,258 | 1,687 | 1,338 | 1,484 | 12.75 | 13.16 | 13.18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
86,543 | 70,755 | 68,072 | 2,795 | 1,712 | 2,043 | 3.23 | 2.42 | 3.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total loans |
398,066 | 351,471 | 328,831 | 13,279 | 9,815 | 11,057 | 3.34 | 2.79 | 3.36 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other interest-bearing assets |
9,488 | 8,901 | 5,194 | 123 | 45 | 62 | 1.30 | 0.51 | 1.19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
15,426 | 11,382 | 14,334 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Customers liability under acceptances |
11,909 | 10,613 | 9,560 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other non-interest-bearing assets |
25,385 | 21,371 | 19,641 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total domestic assets |
603,196 | 550,730 | 510,353 | 16,367 | 11,676 | 13,335 | 2.71 | 2.12 | 2.61 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign assets (2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and deposits with banks |
34,703 | 30,270 | 20,050 | 324 | 36 | 99 | 0.93 | 0.12 | 0.49 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities |
88,234 | 72,870 | 62,014 | 1,350 | 574 | 792 | 1.53 | 0.79 | 1.28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements |
49,196 | 51,157 | 42,199 | 666 | 165 | 552 | 1.35 | 0.32 | 1.31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
Residential mortgages |
4,941 | 4,501 | 4,429 | 187 | 157 | 176 | 3.78 | 3.49 | 3.97 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal (3) |
1,347 | 1,192 | 1,156 | 65 | 55 | 62 | 4.83 | 4.61 | 5.36 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit card (3) |
133 | 129 | 153 | 28 | 28 | 35 | 21.05 | 21.71 | 22.88 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
84,337 | 66,677 | 66,015 | 3,103 | 1,995 | 2,416 | 3.68 | 2.99 | 3.66 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total loans |
90,758 | 72,499 | 71,753 | 3,383 | 2,235 | 2,689 | 3.73 | 3.08 | 3.75 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other interest-bearing assets |
2,522 | 923 | 701 | 89 | 55 | 55 | 3.53 | 5.96 | 7.85 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
24,127 | 24,186 | 20,629 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Customers liability under acceptances |
| 1 | 1 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other non-interest-bearing assets |
7,477 | 6,985 | 7,792 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total foreign assets |
297,017 | 258,891 | 225,139 | 5,812 | 3,065 | 4,187 | 1.96 | 1.18 | 1.86 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 900,213 | $ | 809,621 | $ | 735,492 | $ | 22,179 | $ | 14,741 | $ | 17,522 | 2.46 | % | 1.82 | % | 2.38 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic liabilities (2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
Personal |
$ | 204,075 | $ | 189,599 | $ | 172,913 | $ | 1,535 | $ | 734 | $ | 1,405 | 0.75 | % | 0.39 | % | 0.81 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
224,303 | 198,978 | 178,476 | 3,662 | 1,170 | 2,019 | 1.63 | 0.59 | 1.13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bank |
1,513 | 2,220 | 2,105 | 9 | 3 | 13 | 0.59 | 0.14 | 0.62 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secured borrowings |
43,892 | 37,893 | 39,076 | 862 | 378 | 668 | 1.96 | 1.00 | 1.71 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total deposits |
473,783 | 428,690 | 392,570 | 6,068 | 2,285 | 4,105 | 1.28 | 0.53 | 1.05 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
15,581 | 10,621 | 14,398 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acceptances |
11,910 | 10,614 | 9,563 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold short |
18,496 | 19,018 | 16,794 | 333 | 229 | 251 | 1.80 | 1.20 | 1.49 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements |
18,594 | 26,349 | 27,374 | 301 | 151 | 220 | 1.62 | 0.57 | 0.80 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
23,979 | 20,432 | 6,464 | 86 | 36 | 49 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.76 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness |
5,901 | 5,340 | 4,891 | 200 | 120 | 152 | 3.39 | 2.25 | 3.11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total domestic liabilities |
568,244 | 521,064 | 472,054 | 6,988 | 2,821 | 4,777 | 1.23 | 0.54 | 1.01 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign liabilities (2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
Personal |
18,689 | 16,795 | 16,974 | 108 | 62 | 142 | 0.58 | 0.37 | 0.84 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
157,085 | 134,038 | 113,877 | 1,535 | 268 | 964 | 0.98 | 0.20 | 0.85 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bank |
20,842 | 16,848 | 13,891 | 121 | 20 | 100 | 0.58 | 0.12 | 0.72 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secured borrowings |
3,290 | 1,883 | 1,322 | 55 | 16 | 15 | 1.67 | 0.85 | 1.13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total deposits |
199,906 | 169,564 | 146,064 | 1,819 | 366 | 1,221 | 0.91 | 0.22 | 0.84 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
24,369 | 22,571 | 20,718 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acceptances |
| 1 | 1 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold short |
2,789 | 1,050 | 1,047 | 47 | 7 | 3 | 1.69 | 0.67 | 0.29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements |
53,750 | 50,142 | 41,881 | 642 | 57 | 436 | 1.19 | 0.11 | 1.04 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
3,013 | 2,395 | 13,706 | 39 | 29 | 34 | 1.29 | 1.21 | 0.25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness |
97 | 96 | 152 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 3.09 | 2.08 | 4.61 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total foreign liabilities |
283,924 | 245,819 | 223,569 | 2,550 | 461 | 1,701 | 0.90 | 0.19 | 0.76 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
852,168 | 766,883 | 695,623 | 9,538 | 3,282 | 6,478 | 1.12 | 0.43 | 0.93 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shareholders equity |
47,851 | 42,563 | 39,682 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests |
194 | 175 | 187 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and equity |
$ | 900,213 | $ | 809,621 | $ | 735,492 | $ | 9,538 | $ | 3,282 | $ | 6,478 | 1.06 | % | 0.41 | % | 0.88 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income and net interest margin (4) |
$ | 12,641 | $ | 11,459 | $ | 11,044 | 1.40 | % | 1.42 | % | 1.50 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional disclosures: Non-interest-bearing deposit liabilities |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic |
$ | 92,579 | $ | 76,224 | $ | 59,862 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign |
25,950 | 22,396 | 18,430 |
(1) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
(2) | Classification as domestic or foreign is based on domicile of debtor or customer. |
(3) | Certain prior year information has been revised to conform to current year presentation. |
(4) | Net interest income as a percentage of average assets. |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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95
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|
Managements discussion and analysis |
Volume/rate analysis of changes in net interest income
$ millions | 2022/2021 | 2021/2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase (decrease) due to change in: | Increase (decrease) due to change in: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average balance |
Average rate |
Total | Average balance |
Average rate |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic assets (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and deposits with banks |
$ | (32 | ) | $ | 321 | $ | 289 | $ | 36 | $ | (91 | ) | $ | (55 | ) | |||||||||||
Securities |
119 | 386 | 505 | 145 | (354 | ) | (209 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements |
14 | 341 | 355 | 8 | (144 | ) | (136 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
Residential mortgages |
579 | 1,002 | 1,581 | 583 | (1,023 | ) | (440 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Personal (2) |
71 | 380 | 451 | (36 | ) | (289 | ) | (325 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Credit card (2) |
403 | (54 | ) | 349 | (143 | ) | (3 | ) | (146 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
382 | 701 | 1,083 | 81 | (412 | ) | (331 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total loans (2) |
1,435 | 2,029 | 3,464 | 485 | (1,727 | ) | (1,242 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Other interest-bearing assets |
3 | 75 | 78 | 44 | (61 | ) | (17 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Change in domestic interest income (2) |
1,539 | 3,152 | 4,691 | 718 | (2,377 | ) | (1,659 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Foreign assets (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and deposits with banks |
5 | 283 | 288 | 50 | (113 | ) | (63 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Securities |
121 | 655 | 776 | 139 | (357 | ) | (218 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements |
(6 | ) | 507 | 501 | 117 | (504 | ) | (387 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Loans |
Residential mortgages |
15 | 15 | 30 | 3 | (22 | ) | (19 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Personal (2) |
7 | 3 | 10 | 2 | (9 | ) | (7 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit card (2) |
1 | (1 | ) | | (5 | ) | (2 | ) | (7 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
528 | 580 | 1,108 | 24 | (445 | ) | (421 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total loans (2) |
551 | 597 | 1,148 | 24 | (478 | ) | (454 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Other interest-bearing assets |
95 | (61 | ) | 34 | 17 | (17 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||
Change in foreign interest income (2) |
766 | 1,981 | 2,747 | 347 | (1,469 | ) | (1,122 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total change in interest income (2) |
$ | 2,305 | $ | 5,133 | $ | 7,438 | $ | 1,065 | $ | (3,846 | ) | $ | (2,781 | ) | ||||||||||||
Domestic liabilities (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
Personal |
$ | 56 | $ | 745 | $ | 801 | $ | 136 | $ | (807 | ) | $ | (671 | ) | |||||||||||
Business and government |
149 | 2,343 | 2,492 | 232 | (1,081 | ) | (849 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Bank |
(1 | ) | 7 | 6 | 1 | (11 | ) | (10 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Secured borrowings |
60 | 424 | 484 | (20 | ) | (270 | ) | (290 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Total deposits |
264 | 3,519 | 3,783 | 349 | (2,169 | ) | (1,820 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold short |
(6 | ) | 110 | 104 | 33 | (55 | ) | (22 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements |
(44 | ) | 194 | 150 | (8 | ) | (61 | ) | (69 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
6 | 44 | 50 | 106 | (119 | ) | (13 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness |
13 | 67 | 80 | 14 | (46 | ) | (32 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Change in domestic interest expense |
233 | 3,934 | 4,167 | 494 | (2,450 | ) | (1,956 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Foreign liabilities (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
Personal |
7 | 39 | 46 | (1 | ) | (79 | ) | (80 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
46 | 1,221 | 1,267 | 171 | (867 | ) | (696 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Bank |
5 | 96 | 101 | 21 | (101 | ) | (80 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Secured borrowings |
12 | 27 | 39 | 6 | (5 | ) | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total deposits |
70 | 1,383 | 1,453 | 197 | (1,052 | ) | (855 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold short |
12 | 28 | 40 | | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements |
4 | 581 | 585 | 86 | (465 | ) | (379 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
7 | 3 | 10 | (28 | ) | 23 | (5 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness |
| 1 | 1 | (3 | ) | (2 | ) | (5 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Change in foreign interest expense |
93 | 1,996 | 2,089 | 252 | (1,492 | ) | (1,240 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total change in interest expense |
$ | 326 | $ | 5,930 | $ | 6,256 | $ | 746 | $ | (3,942 | ) | $ | (3,196 | ) | ||||||||||||
Change in total net interest income |
$ | 1,979 | $ | (797 | ) | $ | 1,182 | $ | 319 | $ | 96 | $ | 415 |
(1) | Classification as domestic or foreign is based on domicile of debtor or customer. |
(2) | Certain prior year information has been revised to conform to current year presentation. |
96 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Managements discussion and analysis |
Analysis of net loans and acceptances
Canada (1) | U.S. (1) | Other (1) | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
$ | 264,089 | $ | 246,581 | $ | 2,439 | $ | 2,071 | $ | 2,885 | $ | 2,594 | $ | 269,413 | $ | 251,246 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
43,210 | 39,940 | 626 | 542 | 691 | 647 | 44,527 | 41,129 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit card |
15,523 | 10,362 | 26 | 22 | 146 | 125 | 15,695 | 10,509 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total net consumer loans |
322,822 | 296,883 | 3,091 | 2,635 | 3,722 | 3,366 | 329,635 | 302,884 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-residential mortgages |
5,827 | 6,259 | | 48 | 250 | 268 | 6,077 | 6,575 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial institutions |
13,593 | 11,407 | 20,045 | 13,705 | 6,805 | 3,896 | 40,443 | 29,008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retail and wholesale |
9,304 | 6,549 | 3,156 | 2,449 | 650 | 596 | 13,110 | 9,594 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business services |
9,932 | 6,663 | 6,188 | 4,808 | 2,077 | 1,789 | 18,197 | 13,260 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manufacturing capital goods |
3,012 | 2,222 | 2,746 | 2,500 | 39 | 93 | 5,797 | 4,815 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manufacturing consumer goods |
5,014 | 3,430 | 1,610 | 1,283 | 133 | 91 | 6,757 | 4,804 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate and construction |
29,486 | 25,151 | 22,705 | 18,138 | 1,218 | 1,264 | 53,409 | 44,553 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agriculture |
7,901 | 7,242 | 242 | 129 | 32 | 36 | 8,175 | 7,407 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oil and gas |
2,391 | 2,539 | 1,214 | 1,818 | 55 | 238 | 3,660 | 4,595 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mining |
993 | 415 | 167 | 127 | 554 | 490 | 1,714 | 1,032 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Forest products |
442 | 283 | 111 | 165 | | | 553 | 448 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hardware and software |
940 | 589 | 3,056 | 2,275 | 412 | 130 | 4,408 | 2,994 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Telecommunications and cable |
1,066 | 238 | 1,348 | 1,196 | 141 | 130 | 2,555 | 1,564 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Publishing, printing, and broadcasting |
211 | 343 | 259 | 71 | 85 | 95 | 555 | 509 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transportation |
2,673 | 2,526 | 2,176 | 1,255 | 2,406 | 2,909 | 7,255 | 6,690 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Utilities |
5,583 | 4,397 | 3,870 | 3,654 | 4,159 | 3,519 | 13,612 | 11,570 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Education, health and social services |
3,828 | 3,664 | 4,932 | 3,927 | 48 | 23 | 8,808 | 7,614 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Governments |
2,074 | 1,666 | 302 | 229 | 2,304 | 1,736 | 4,680 | 3,631 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Others |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stage 1 and 2 allowance for credit losses (2)(3) |
(260 | ) | (245 | ) | (370 | ) | (282 | ) | (113 | ) | (141 | ) | (743 | ) | (668 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total net business and government loans, including acceptances |
104,010 | 85,338 | 73,757 | 57,495 | 21,255 | 17,162 | 199,022 | 159,995 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total net loans and acceptances |
$ | 426,832 | $ | 382,221 | $ | 76,848 | $ | 60,130 | $ | 24,977 | $ | 20,528 | $ | 528,657 | $ | 462,879 |
(1) | Classification by country is primarily based on domicile of debtor or customer. |
(2) | Stage 3 allowance for credit losses is allocated to business and government loans, including acceptances, by category above. |
(3) | Includes the allocation of Stage 1 and 2 allowance based on the geographic location where they are recorded. |
Summary of allowance for credit losses
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 2,970 | $ | 3,722 | ||||
Provision for credit losses |
1,057 | 158 | ||||||
Write-offs (1) |
||||||||
Residential mortgages |
47 | 27 | ||||||
Personal |
274 | 266 | ||||||
Credit card |
397 | 414 | ||||||
Business and government |
312 | 279 | ||||||
Total write-offs |
1,030 | 986 | ||||||
Recoveries (1) |
||||||||
Residential mortgages |
2 | 3 | ||||||
Personal |
69 | 70 | ||||||
Credit card |
114 | 119 | ||||||
Business and government |
33 | 14 | ||||||
Total recoveries |
218 | 206 | ||||||
Net write-offs |
812 | 780 | ||||||
Interest income on impaired loans |
(35 | ) | (41 | ) | ||||
Foreign exchange and other |
96 | (89 | ) | |||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 3,276 | $ | 2,970 | ||||
Comprises: |
||||||||
Loans |
$ | 3,073 | $ | 2,849 | ||||
Undrawn credit facilities and other off-balance sheet exposures |
203 | 121 | ||||||
Ratio of net write-offs during the year to average loans outstanding during the year (1) |
||||||||
Residential mortgages |
0.02 | % | 0.01 | % | ||||
Personal |
0.48 | 0.48 | ||||||
Credit card |
2.12 | 2.86 | ||||||
Business and government |
0.16 | 0.19 |
(1) | Certain prior year information has been revised to conform to current year presentation. |
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Net loans and acceptances by geographic location(1)
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Canada |
||||||||
Atlantic provinces |
$ | 16,108 | $ | 14,898 | ||||
Quebec |
41,703 | 35,092 | ||||||
Ontario |
229,250 | 202,789 | ||||||
Prairie provinces |
16,580 | 15,092 | ||||||
Alberta, Northwest Territories and Nunavut |
49,666 | 46,816 | ||||||
British Columbia and Yukon |
75,385 | 69,110 | ||||||
Stage 1 and 2 allowance allocated to Canada (2)(3) |
(1,860 | ) | (1,576 | ) | ||||
Total Canada |
426,832 | 382,221 | ||||||
U.S. (2)(3) |
76,848 | 60,130 | ||||||
Other countries (2)(3) |
24,977 | 20,528 | ||||||
Total net loans and acceptances |
$ | 528,657 | $ | 462,879 |
(1) | Classification by country is primarily based on domicile of debtor or customer. |
(2) | Includes the allocation of Stage 1 and 2 allowance based on the geographic location where they are recorded. |
(3) | For Canada, Stage 3 allowance for credit losses is allocated to provinces above, including acceptances. For U.S. and Other countries, amounts are net of Stage 3 allowances for credit losses. |
Loans interest rate sensitivity
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Floating |
Fixed rate (1) | Non-rate sensitive |
Total |
Floating | Fixed rate (1) | Non-rate sensitive |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
$ | 104,379 | $ | 165,327 | $ | | $ | 269,706 | $ | 72,507 | $ | 179,019 | $ | | $ | 251,526 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
37,023 | 8,406 | | 45,429 | 35,626 | 6,271 | | 41,897 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit card |
| | 16,479 | 16,479 | | | 11,134 | 11,134 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
137,478 | 50,842 | 222 | 188,542 | 104,724 | 45,336 | 153 | 150,213 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross loans |
278,880 | 224,575 | 16,701 | 520,156 | 212,857 | 230,626 | 11,287 | 454,770 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for credit losses |
(3,073 | ) | (2,849 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 517,083 | $ | 451,921 |
(1) | Bankers acceptances are included as part of fixed rate loans. |
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Net impaired loans
Canada (1) | U.S. (1) | Other (1) | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross impaired loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
$ | 355 | $ | 425 | $ | 19 | $ | 18 | $ | 222 | $ | 195 | $ | 596 | $ | 638 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
155 | 104 | 18 | 3 | 54 | 55 | 227 | 162 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total gross impaired consumer loans |
510 | 529 | 37 | 21 | 276 | 250 | 823 | 800 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-residential mortgages |
1 | 2 | | | 23 | 11 | 24 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial institutions |
11 | 4 | 30 | 70 | | 1 | 41 | 75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retail, wholesale and business services |
187 | 192 | 55 | 55 | 51 | 53 | 293 | 300 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manufacturing consumer and capital goods |
26 | 24 | 67 | 51 | 3 | 16 | 96 | 91 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate and construction |
63 | 16 | 131 | 239 | 41 | 42 | 235 | 297 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agriculture |
11 | 10 | | | | | 11 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Resource-based industries |
12 | 50 | 23 | 7 | | | 35 | 57 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Telecommunications, media and technology |
6 | 4 | 15 | 6 | | | 21 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transportation |
4 | 6 | | | 1 | 2 | 5 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Utilities |
28 | 93 | | | | | 28 | 93 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
129 | 71 | 2 | 8 | | | 131 | 79 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total gross impaired business and government loans |
478 | 472 | 323 | 436 | 119 | 125 | 920 | 1,033 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total gross impaired loans |
988 | 1,001 | 360 | 457 | 395 | 375 | 1,743 | 1,833 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other past due loans (2) |
122 | 64 | | | 3 | 2 | 125 | 66 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total gross impaired and other past due loans |
1,110 | 1,065 | 360 | 457 | 398 | 377 | 1,868 | 1,899 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for credit losses |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
48 | 54 | 5 | 5 | 114 | 99 | 167 | 158 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
101 | 64 | 6 | 2 | 39 | 40 | 146 | 106 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total allowance consumer loans |
149 | 118 | 11 | 7 | 153 | 139 | 313 | 264 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-residential mortgages |
| | | | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial institutions |
1 | 1 | | 15 | | 1 | 1 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retail, wholesale and business services |
161 | 177 | 17 | 19 | 34 | 33 | 212 | 229 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manufacturing consumer and capital goods |
9 | 9 | | 3 | 1 | 4 | 10 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate and construction |
10 | 8 | 8 | 62 | 18 | 22 | 36 | 92 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agriculture |
7 | 7 | | | | | 7 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Resource-based industries |
9 | 33 | 10 | 1 | | | 19 | 34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Telecommunications, media and technology |
4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | | | 7 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transportation |
2 | 3 | | | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Utilities |
9 | 79 | | | | | 9 | 79 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
39 | 24 | | | | | 39 | 24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total allowance business and government loans |
251 | 344 | 38 | 101 | 62 | 63 | 351 | 508 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total allowance |
400 | 462 | 49 | 108 | 215 | 202 | 664 | 772 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net impaired loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
307 | 371 | 14 | 13 | 108 | 96 | 429 | 480 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
54 | 40 | 12 | 1 | 15 | 15 | 81 | 56 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total net impaired consumer loans |
361 | 411 | 26 | 14 | 123 | 111 | 510 | 536 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-residential mortgages |
1 | 2 | | | 15 | 9 | 16 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial institutions |
10 | 3 | 30 | 55 | | | 40 | 58 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retail, wholesale and business services |
26 | 15 | 38 | 36 | 17 | 20 | 81 | 71 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manufacturing consumer and capital goods |
17 | 15 | 67 | 48 | 2 | 12 | 86 | 75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate and construction |
53 | 8 | 123 | 177 | 23 | 20 | 199 | 205 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agriculture |
4 | 3 | | | | | 4 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Resource-based industries |
3 | 17 | 13 | 6 | | | 16 | 23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Telecommunications, media and technology |
2 | 1 | 12 | 5 | | | 14 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transportation |
2 | 3 | | | | 1 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Utilities |
19 | 14 | | | | | 19 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
90 | 47 | 2 | 8 | | | 92 | 55 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total net impaired business and government loans |
227 | 128 | 285 | 335 | 57 | 62 | 569 | 525 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total net impaired loans |
$ | 588 | $ | 539 | $ | 311 | $ | 349 | $ | 180 | $ | 173 | $ | 1,079 | $ | 1,061 |
(1) | Classification by country is primarily based on domicile of debtor or customer. |
(2) | Represents loans where repayment of principal or payment of interest is contractually in arrears between 90 and 180 days. |
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Deposits
Average balance (1) | Interest | Rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
Deposits in domestic bank offices (2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Payable on demand |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
$ | 14,123 | $ | 12,820 | $ | 5 | $ | 5 | 0.04 | % | 0.04 | % | ||||||||||||
Business and government |
77,567 | 67,233 | 731 | 164 | 0.94 | 0.24 | ||||||||||||||||||
Bank |
11,076 | 8,881 | 2 | | 0.02 | | ||||||||||||||||||
Payable after notice |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
135,937 | 130,636 | 490 | 194 | 0.36 | 0.15 | ||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
68,671 | 64,661 | 1,115 | 390 | 1.62 | 0.60 | ||||||||||||||||||
Bank |
129 | 351 | 2 | 2 | 1.55 | 0.57 | ||||||||||||||||||
Payable on a fixed date |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
58,700 | 50,479 | 1,075 | 552 | 1.83 | 1.09 | ||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
116,811 | 105,251 | 2,190 | 684 | 1.87 | 0.65 | ||||||||||||||||||
Bank |
2,362 | 2,167 | 20 | 2 | 0.85 | 0.09 | ||||||||||||||||||
Secured borrowings |
43,892 | 37,893 | 862 | 378 | 1.96 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total domestic |
529,268 | 480,372 | 6,492 | 2,371 | 1.23 | 0.49 | ||||||||||||||||||
Deposits in foreign bank offices |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Payable on demand |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
2,650 | 2,213 | 2 | 1 | 0.08 | 0.05 | ||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
28,621 | 24,156 | 69 | 8 | 0.24 | 0.03 | ||||||||||||||||||
Bank |
14 | 37 | 1 | 1 | 4.29 | 2.70 | ||||||||||||||||||
Payable after notice |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
9,333 | 8,305 | 57 | 33 | 0.61 | 0.40 | ||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
18,834 | 16,623 | 153 | 26 | 0.81 | 0.16 | ||||||||||||||||||
Payable on a fixed date |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
2,021 | 1,941 | 14 | 11 | 0.69 | 0.57 | ||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
70,884 | 55,092 | 939 | 166 | 1.32 | 0.30 | ||||||||||||||||||
Bank |
8,774 | 7,632 | 105 | 18 | 1.20 | 0.24 | ||||||||||||||||||
Secured borrowings |
3,290 | 1,883 | 55 | 16 | 1.67 | 0.85 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total foreign |
144,421 | 117,882 | 1,395 | 280 | 0.97 | 0.24 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total deposits |
$ | 673,689 | $ | 598,254 | $ | 7,887 | $ | 2,651 | 1.17 | % | 0.44 | % |
(1) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
(2) | Deposits by foreign depositors in our domestic bank offices amounted to $55.8 billion (2021: $51.9 billion). |
Fees paid to the shareholders auditor
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Audit fees (1) |
$ | 24.6 | $ | 23.1 | ||||
Audit-related fees (2) |
2.2 | 2.3 | ||||||
Tax fees (3) |
1.9 | 1.3 | ||||||
All other fees (4) |
| | ||||||
Total |
$ | 28.7 | $ | 26.7 |
(1) | For the audit of CIBCs annual financial statements and the audit of certain of our subsidiaries, as well as other services normally provided by the principal auditor in connection with CIBCs statutory and regulatory filings. Audit fees also include the audit of internal control over financial reporting under the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). |
(2) | For the assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of CIBCs consolidated financial statements, including accounting consultation, various agreed upon procedures and translation of financial reports. |
(3) | For tax compliance and advisory services. |
(4) | Includes fees for non-audit services. |
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Allowance for credit losses
Under International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9, allowance for credit losses represents 12 months of expected credit losses (ECL) for instruments that have not been subject to a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, while allowance for credit losses represents lifetime ECL for instruments that have been subject to a significant increase in credit risk, including impaired instruments. ECL allowances for loans and acceptances are included in Allowance for credit losses on the consolidated balance sheet. ECL allowances for fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) debt securities are included as a component of the carrying value of the securities, which are measured at fair value. ECL allowances for other financial assets are included in the carrying value of the instrument. ECL allowances for guarantees and loan commitments are included in Other liabilities.
Allowance for credit losses are adjusted for provisions for (reversals of) credit losses and are reduced by write-offs, net of recoveries.
Amortized cost
The amount at which a financial asset or financial liability is measured at initial recognition minus repayments, plus or minus any unamortized origination date premiums or discounts, plus or minus any basis adjustments resulting from a fair value hedge, and minus any reduction for impairment (directly or through the use of an allowance account). The amount of a financial asset or liability measured at initial recognition is the cost of the financial asset or liability including capitalized transaction costs and deferred fees.
Assets under administration (AUA)
Assets administered by CIBC that are beneficially owned by clients and are, therefore, not reported on the consolidated balance sheet. The services provided by CIBC are of an administrative nature, such as safekeeping of securities, client reporting and record keeping, collection of investment income, and the settlement of purchase and sale transactions. In addition, assets under management (AUM) amounts are included in the amounts reported under AUA.
Assets under management (AUM)
Assets managed by CIBC that are beneficially owned by clients and are, therefore, not reported on the consolidated balance sheet. The service provided in respect of these assets is discretionary portfolio management on behalf of the clients.
Average interest-earning assets
Average interest-earning assets include interest-bearing deposits with banks, interest-bearing demand deposits with the Bank of Canada, securities, cash collateral on securities borrowed or securities purchased under resale agreements, loans net of allowance for credit losses, and certain sublease-related assets.
Basis point
One-hundredth of a percentage point (0.01%).
Collateral
Assets pledged to secure loans or other obligations, which are forfeited if the obligations are not repaid.
Collateralized debt obligation (CDO)
Securitization of any combination of corporate debt, asset-backed securities (ABS), mortgage-backed securities or tranches of other CDOs to form a pool of diverse assets that are tranched into securities that offer varying degrees of risk and return to meet investor demand.
Collateralized loan obligation (CLO)
Securitizations of diversified portfolios of corporate debt obligations and/or ABS that are tranched into securities that offer varying degrees of risk and return to meet investor demand.
Common shareholders equity
Common shareholders equity includes common shares, contributed surplus, retained earnings and accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI).
Credit derivatives
A category of financial instruments that allow one party (the beneficiary) to separate and transfer the credit risk of nonpayment or partial payment of an underlying financial instrument to another party (the guarantor).
Credit valuation adjustment (CVA)
A valuation adjustment that is required to be considered in measuring fair value of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives to recognize the risk that any given derivative counterparty may not ultimately be able to fulfill its obligations. In assessing the net counterparty credit risk (CCR) exposure, we take into account credit mitigants such as collateral, master netting arrangements, and settlements through clearing houses.
Current replacement cost
The estimated cost of replacing an asset at the present time according to its current worth.
Derivatives
A financial contract that derives its value from the performance of an underlying instrument, index or financial rate.
Dividend payout ratio
Common share dividends paid as a percentage of net income after preferred share dividends, premium on preferred share redemptions, and distributions on other equity instruments.
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Dividend yield
Dividends per common share divided by the closing common share price.
Effective interest rate method
A method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset or financial liability and of allocating the interest income or interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or, when appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability.
Efficiency ratio
Non-interest expenses as a percentage of total revenue (net interest income and non-interest income).
Exchange-traded derivative contracts
Standardized derivative contracts (e.g., futures contracts and options) that are transacted on an organized exchange and cleared through a central clearing house, and are generally subject to standard margin requirements.
Fair value
The price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, between market participants in an orderly transaction in the principal market at the measurement date under current market conditions.
Forward contracts
A non-standardized contract to buy or sell a specified asset at a specified price and specified date in the future.
Forward rate agreement
An OTC forward contract that determines an interest rate to be paid or received commencing on a specified date in the future for a specified period.
Full-time equivalent employees
A measure that normalizes the number of full-time and part-time employees, base salary plus commissioned employees, and 100% commissioned employees into equivalent full-time units based on actual hours of paid work during a given period, for individuals whose compensation is included in the Employee compensation and benefits line on the consolidated statement of income.
Futures
A standardized contract to buy or sell a specified commodity, currency or financial instrument of standardized quantity and quality at a specific price and date in the future. Futures contracts are traded on an exchange.
Guarantees and standby letters of credit
Primarily represent CIBCs obligation, subject to certain conditions, to make payments to third parties on behalf of clients, if these clients cannot make those payments, or are unable to meet other specified contractual obligations.
Hedge
A transaction intended to offset potential losses/gains that may be incurred in a transaction or portfolio.
Loan loss ratio
The ratio is calculated as the provision for credit losses on impaired loans to average loans and acceptances, net of allowance for credit losses.
Mark-to-market
The fair value (as defined above) at which an asset can be sold or a liability can be transferred.
Net interest income
The difference between interest earned on assets (such as loans and securities) and interest incurred on liabilities (such as deposits and subordinated indebtedness).
Net interest margin
Net interest income as a percentage of average assets.
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets
Net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.
Normal course issuer bid (NCIB)
Involves a listed company buying its own shares for cancellation through a stock exchange or other published market, from time to time, and is subject to the various rules of the exchanges and securities commissions.
Notional amount
Principal amount or face amount of a financial contract used for the calculation of payments made on that contract.
Off-balance sheet financial instruments
A financial contract that is based mainly on a notional amount and represents a contingent asset or liability of an institution. Such instruments include credit-related arrangements.
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Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI)
OSFI supervises and regulates all banks, all federally incorporated or registered trust and loan companies, insurance companies, cooperative credit associations, fraternal benefit societies, and federal pension plans in Canada.
Operating leverage
Operating leverage is the difference between the year-over-year percentage change in revenue and year-over-year percentage change in non-interest expenses.
Options
A financial contract under which the writer (seller) confers the right, but not the obligation, to the purchaser to either buy (call option) or sell (put option) a specified amount of an underlying asset or instrument at a specified price either at or by a specified date.
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
An amount charged or credited to income to adjust the allowance for credit losses to the appropriate level, for both performing and impaired financial assets. Provision for (reversal of) credit losses for loans and acceptances and related off-balance sheet loan commitments is included in the Provision for (reversal of) credit losses line on the consolidated statement of income. Provision for (reversal of) credit losses for debt securities measured at FVOCI or amortized cost is included in Gains (losses) from debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost, net.
Return on average assets or average interest-earning assets
Net income expressed as a percentage of average assets or average interest-earning assets.
Return on common shareholders equity
Net income attributable to equity shareholders expressed as a percentage of average common shareholders equity.
Securities borrowed
Securities are typically borrowed to cover short positions. Borrowing requires the pledging of collateral by the borrower to the lender. The collateral may be cash or a highly rated security.
Securities lent
Securities are typically lent to a borrower to cover their short positions. Borrowing requires the pledging of collateral by the borrower to the lender. The collateral provided may be cash or a highly rated security.
Securities purchased under resale agreements
A transaction where a security is purchased by the buyer and, at the same time, the buyer commits to resell the security to the original seller at a specific price and date in the future.
Securities sold short
A transaction in which the seller sells securities that it does not own. Initially the seller typically borrows the securities in order to deliver them to the purchaser. At a later date, the seller buys identical securities in the market to replace the borrowed securities.
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
A transaction where a security is sold by the seller and, at the same time, the seller commits to repurchase the security from the original purchaser at a specific price and date in the future.
Structured entities (SEs)
Entities that have been designed so that voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as when any voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual arrangements.
Swap contracts
A financial contract in which counterparties exchange a series of cash flows based on a specified notional amount over a specified period.
Taxable equivalent basis (TEB)
The gross-up of tax-exempt revenue on certain securities to a TEB. There is an equivalent offsetting adjustment to the income tax expense.
Total shareholder return
The total return earned on an investment in CIBCs common shares. The return measures the change in shareholder value, assuming dividends paid are reinvested in additional shares.
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Risk and capital glossary
Advanced internal ratings-based (AIRB) approach for credit risk
Internal models based on historical experience of key risk assumptions such as probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD) and exposure at default (EAD) are used to compute the capital requirements subject to OSFI approval. A capital floor based on the standardized approach is also calculated by banks under the AIRB approach for credit risk and an adjustment to risk-weighted assets (RWA) may be required as prescribed by OSFI.
Asset/liability management (ALM)
The practice of managing risks that arise from mismatches between the assets and liabilities, mainly in the non-trading areas of the bank. Techniques are used to manage the relative duration of CIBCs assets (such as loans) and liabilities (such as deposits), in order to minimize the adverse impact of changes in interest rates.
Bail-in eligible liabilities
Bail-in eligible liabilities include long-term (i.e., original maturity over 400 days), unsecured senior debt issued on or after September 23, 2018 that is tradable and transferrable, and any preferred shares and subordinated debt that are not considered non-viability contingent capital (NVCC). Consumer deposits, secured liabilities (including covered bonds), certain financial contracts (including derivatives) and certain structured notes are not bail-in eligible.
Bank exposures
All direct credit risk exposures to deposit-taking institutions and regulated securities firms, and exposures guaranteed by those entities.
Business and government portfolio
A category of exposures that includes lending to businesses and governments, where the primary basis of adjudication relies on the determination and assignment of an appropriate risk rating that reflects the credit risk of the exposure.
Central counterparty (CCP)
A clearing house that interposes itself between counterparties to clear contracts traded in one or more financial markets, becoming the buyer to every seller and the seller to every buyer and thereby ensuring the future performance of open contracts.
Comprehensive approach for securities financing transactions
A framework for the measurement of CCR with respect to securities financing transactions, which utilizes a volatility-adjusted collateral value to reduce the amount of the exposure.
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1), Tier 1 and Total capital ratios
CET1, Tier 1 and total regulatory capital, divided by RWA, as defined by OSFIs Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) Guideline, which is based on Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) standards.
Corporate exposures
All direct credit risk exposures to corporations, partnerships and proprietorships, and exposures guaranteed by those entities.
Credit risk
The risk of financial loss due to a borrower or counterparty failing to meet its obligations in accordance with contractual terms.
Drawn exposure
The amount of credit risk exposure resulting from loans and other receivables advanced to the customer.
Economic capital
Economic capital provides a framework to evaluate the returns of each strategic business unit, commensurate with risk assumed. Economic capital is a non-GAAP risk measure based upon an internal estimate of equity capital required by the businesses to absorb unexpected losses consistent with our targeted risk rating over a one-year horizon. Economic capital comprises primarily credit, market, operational and strategic risk capital.
Economic profit
A non-GAAP risk-adjusted performance measure used for measuring economic value added. It is calculated as earnings of each business less a charge for the cost of capital.
Exposure at default (EAD)
An estimate of the amount of exposure to a customer at the event of, and at the time of, default.
Incremental risk charge (IRC)
A capital charge applied in addition to market risk capital specifically to cover default and migration risk in unsecuritized credit assets of varying liquidity held in the trading book.
Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP)
A framework and process designed to provide a comprehensive view on capital adequacy, as defined by Pillar II of the Basel Accord, wherein we identify and measure our risks on an ongoing basis in order to ensure that the capital available is sufficient to cover all risks across CIBC.
Internal models approach (IMA) for market risk
Models, which have been developed by CIBC and approved by OSFI, for the measurement of risk and regulatory capital in the trading portfolio for general market risk, debt specific risk, and equity specific risk.
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Internal model method (IMM) for counterparty credit risk
Models, which have been developed by CIBC and approved by OSFI, for the measurement of CCR with respect to OTC derivatives.
Internal ratings-based (IRB) approach for securitization exposures
This approach comprises two calculation methods available for securitization exposures that require OSFI approval: the Internal Ratings-Based Approach (SEC-IRBA) is available to the banks approved to use the IRB approach for underlying exposures securitized and the Internal Assessment Approach (SEC-IAA) available for certain securitization exposures extended to asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) programs.
Leverage ratio exposure
The leverage ratio exposure is defined under the OSFI rules as on-balance sheet assets (unweighted) less Tier 1 capital regulatory adjustments plus derivative exposures, securities financing transaction exposures with a limited form of netting under certain conditions, and other off-balance sheet exposures (such as commitments, direct credit substitutes, forward asset purchases, standby/trade letters of credit and securitization exposures).
Leverage ratio
Defined as Tier 1 capital divided by the leverage ratio exposure determined in accordance with guidelines issued by OSFI, which are based on BCBS standards.
Liquidity coverage ratio (LCR)
Derived from the BCBSs Basel III framework and incorporated into OSFIs Liquidity Adequacy Requirements (LAR) Guideline, the LCR is a liquidity standard that aims to ensure that an institution has an adequate stock of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets (HQLA) that consists of cash or assets that can be converted into cash at little or no loss of value in private markets, to meet its liquidity needs for a 30-calendar-day liquidity stress scenario.
Liquidity risk
The risk of having insufficient cash or its equivalent in a timely and cost-effective manner to meet financial obligations as they come due.
Loss given default (LGD)
An estimate of the amount of exposure to a customer that will not be recovered following a default by that customer, expressed as a percentage of the EAD. LGD is generally based on through-the-cycle assumptions for regulatory capital purposes, and generally based on point-in-time assumptions reflecting forward-looking information for IFRS 9 ECL purposes.
Market risk
The risk of economic and/or financial loss in our trading and non-trading portfolios from adverse changes in underlying market factors, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity market prices, commodity prices, credit spreads and customer behaviour for retail products.
Master netting agreement
An industry standard agreement designed to reduce the credit risk of multiple transactions with a counterparty through the creation of a legal right of offset of exposures in the event of a default by that counterparty and through the provision for net settlement of all contracts through a single payment.
Net cumulative cash flow (NCCF)
The NCCF is a liquidity horizon metric defined under OSFIs LAR Guideline as a monitoring and supervision tool for liquidity risk that measures an institutions detailed cash flows in order to capture the risk posed by funding mismatches between assets and liabilities.
Net stable funding ratio (NSFR)
Derived from the BCBSs Basel III framework and incorporated into OSFIs LAR Guideline, the NSFR standard aims to promote long-term resilience of the financial sector by requiring banks to maintain a sustainable stable funding profile in relation to the composition of their assets and off-balance sheet activities.
Non-viability contingent capital (NVCC)
Effective January 1, 2013, in order to qualify for inclusion in regulatory capital, all non-common Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital instruments must be capable of absorbing losses at the point of non-viability of a financial institution. This will ensure that investors in such instruments bear losses before taxpayers where the government determines that it is in the public interest to rescue a non-viable bank.
Operational risk
The risk of loss resulting from people, inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, or from external events.
Other off-balance sheet exposure
The amount of credit risk exposure resulting from the issuance of guarantees and letters of credit.
Other retail
This exposure class includes all loans other than qualifying revolving retail and real estate secured personal lending that are extended to individuals and small businesses under the regulatory capital reporting framework.
Over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives exposure
The amount of credit risk exposure resulting from derivatives that trade directly between two counterparties, rather than through exchanges.
Probability of default (PD)
An estimate of the likelihood of default for any particular customer which occurs when that customer is not able to repay its obligations as they become contractually due. PD is based on through-the-cycle assumptions for regulatory capital purposes, and based on point-in-time assumptions reflecting forward-looking information for IFRS 9 ECL purposes.
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Qualifying central counterparty (QCCP)
An entity that is licensed to operate as a CCP and is permitted by the appropriate regulator or oversight body to operate as such with respect to the products offered by that CCP.
Qualifying revolving retail
This exposure class includes credit cards, unsecured lines of credit and overdraft protection products extended to individuals. Under the standardized approach, these exposures would be included under other retail.
Real estate secured personal lending
This exposure class includes residential mortgages and home equity loans and lines of credit extended to individuals.
Regulatory capital
Regulatory capital, as defined by OSFIs CAR Guideline, is comprised of CET1, Additional Tier 1 (AT1) and Tier 2 capital. CET1 capital includes common shares, retained earnings, AOCI (excluding AOCI relating to cash flow hedges and changes in fair value option liabilities attributable to changes in own credit risk) and qualifying instruments issued by a consolidated banking subsidiary to third parties, less regulatory adjustments for items such as goodwill and other intangible assets, certain deferred tax assets, net assets related to defined benefit pension plans, and certain investments. On March 27, 2020, OSFI introduced transitional arrangements for the capital treatment of expected loss provisioning, such that part of the allowances that would otherwise be included in Tier 2 capital will instead qualify for inclusion in CET1 capital subject to certain scalars and limitations until the end of fiscal year 2022. AT1 capital primarily includes NVCC preferred shares, Limited Recourse Capital Notes, and qualifying instruments issued by a consolidated subsidiary to third parties. Tier 1 capital is comprised of CET1 plus AT1. Tier 2 capital includes NVCC subordinated indebtedness, eligible general allowances, and qualifying instruments issued by a consolidated subsidiary to third parties. Total capital is comprised of Tier 1 capital plus Tier 2 capital. Qualifying regulatory capital instruments must be capable of absorbing loss at the point of non-viability of the financial institution.
Repo-style transactions exposure
The amount of credit risk exposure resulting from our securities bought or sold under resale agreements, as well as securities borrowing and lending activities.
Reputation risk
The risk of negative publicity regarding CIBCs business conduct or practices which, whether true or not, could significantly harm CIBCs reputation as a leading financial institution, or could materially and adversely affect CIBCs business, operations, or financial condition.
Resecuritization
A securitization exposure in which the risk associated with an underlying pool of exposures is tranched and at least one of the underlying exposures is a securitization exposure.
Retail portfolios
A category of exposures that primarily includes consumer but also small business lending, where the primary basis of adjudication relies on credit-scoring models.
Risk-weighted assets (RWA)
RWA consist of three components: (i) RWA for credit risk, which are calculated using the AIRB and standardized approaches, (ii) RWA for market risk, and (iii) RWA for operational risk. The AIRB RWA are calculated using PDs, LGDs, EADs, and in some cases maturity adjustments, while the standardized approach applies risk weighting factors specified in the OSFI guidelines to on- and off-balance sheet exposures. The RWA for market risk in the trading portfolio are based on the internal models approved by OSFI with the exception of the RWA for traded securitization assets where we are using the methodology defined by OSFI. The RWA for operational risk, which relate to the risk of losses resulting from people, inadequate or failed internal processes, and systems or from external events, are calculated under a standardized approach.
Since the introduction of Basel II in 2008, OSFI has prescribed a capital floor requirement for institutions that use the AIRB approach for credit risk. The capital floor is determined by comparing a capital requirement calculated by reference to the Basel II standardized approach against the Basel III calculation, as specified by OSFI. Any shortfall in the Basel III capital requirement is added to RWA.
Securitization
The process of selling assets (normally financial assets such as loans, leases, trade receivables, credit card receivables or mortgages) to trusts or other SEs. A SE normally issues securities or other forms of interests to investors and/or the asset transferor, and the SE uses the proceeds from the issue of securities or other forms of interest to purchase the transferred assets. The SE will generally use the cash flows generated by the assets to meet the obligations under the securities or other interests issued by the SE, which may carry a number of different risk profiles.
Sovereign exposures
All direct credit risk exposures to governments, central banks and certain public sector entities, and exposures guaranteed by those entities.
Standardized approach for credit risk
Applied to exposures when there is not sufficient information to allow for the use of the AIRB approach for credit risk. Credit risk capital requirements are calculated based on a standardized set of risk weights as prescribed in the CAR Guideline. The standardized risk weights are based on external credit assessments, where available, and other risk-related factors, including export credit agencies, exposure asset class, collateral, etc.
Standardized approach for operational risk
Capital is based on prescribed percentages that vary by business activity and is applied to the three-year average gross income.
Standardized approach for securitization exposures
This approach comprises the calculation methods available for securitization exposures that do not require OSFI approval: the External Ratings-Based Approach (SEC-ERBA) and the Standardized Approach (SEC-SA).
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Strategic risk
The risk of ineffective or improper implementation of business strategies, including mergers and acquisitions. It includes the potential financial loss and impact to resiliency due to the failure of organic growth initiatives or failure to respond appropriately to changes in the business or industry environments.
Stressed Value-at-Risk (VaR)
A VaR calculation using a one-year observation period related to significant losses for the given portfolio at a specified level of confidence and time horizon.
Structural foreign exchange risk
Structural foreign exchange risk is the risk primarily inherent in net investments in foreign operations due to changes in foreign exchange rates, and foreign currency denominated RWA and foreign currency denominated capital deductions.
Structural interest rate risk
Structural interest rate risk primarily consists of the risk arising due to mismatches in assets and liabilities, which do not arise from trading and trading-related businesses.
Total loss absorbing capacity (TLAC) measure
The sum of Total capital and bail-in eligible liabilities (as defined above) that have a residual maturity greater than one year.
Total loss absorbing capacity ratio
Defined as TLAC measure divided by RWA determined in accordance with guidelines issued by OSFI.
Total loss absorbing capacity leverage ratio
Defined as TLAC measure divided by leverage ratio exposure determined in accordance with guidelines issued by OSFI.
Transitional arrangements for capital treatment of expected loss provisioning
On March 27, 2020, OSFI introduced transitional arrangements for ECL provisioning. These arrangements result in a portion of allowances that would otherwise be included in Tier 2 capital qualifying for inclusion in CET1 capital. The amount of ECL allowances eligible for inclusion in CET1 capital is determined based on the increase in stage 1 and stage 2 allowances relative to balances as at January 31, 2020 as a baseline. This amount is then adjusted for tax effects and is subject to a scaling factor that will decrease over time. The scaling factor has been set at 70% for fiscal 2020, 50% for fiscal 2021, and 25% for fiscal 2022. For exposures under the IRB approach, the lower of this amount and excess allowances eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 capital is included as CET1 capital under the transitional arrangements.
Undrawn exposures
The amount of credit risk exposure resulting from loans that have not been advanced to a customer, but which a customer may be entitled to draw in the future.
Value-at-Risk (VaR)
Generally accepted risk measure that uses statistical models to estimate the distribution of possible returns on a given portfolio at a specified level of confidence and time horizon.
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Details of the notes to the consolidated financial statements
121 | Note 1 | | Basis of preparation and summary of significant accounting policies | |||
133 | Note 2 | | ||||
141 | Note 3 | | Significant transactions | |||
142 | Note 4 | | Securities | |||
143 | Note 5 | | ||||
150 | Note 6 | | ||||
154 | Note 7 | | Property and equipment | |||
154 | Note 8 | | Goodwill, software and other intangible assets | |||
156 | Note 9 | | Other assets | |||
157 | Note 10 | | ||||
157 | Note 11 | | ||||
157 | Note 12 | | Derivative instruments | |||
161 | Note 13 | | Designated accounting hedges | |||
165 | Note 14 | | Subordinated indebtedness | |||
166 | Note 15 | | Common and preferred shares and other equity instruments |
171 | Note 16 | | Capital Trust securities | |||
171 | Note 17 | | Share-based payments | |||
173 | Note 18 | | Post-employment benefits | |||
178 | Note 19 | | Income taxes | |||
180 | Note 20 | | ||||
180 | Note 21 | | Commitments, guarantees and pledged assets | |||
182 | Note 22 | | Contingent liabilities and provisions | |||
185 | Note 23 | | Concentration of credit risk | |||
186 | Note 24 | | Related-party transactions | |||
187 | Note 25 | | Investments in equity-accounted associates and joint ventures | |||
188 | Note 26 | | Significant subsidiaries | |||
189 | Note 27 | | Financial instruments disclosures | |||
190 | Note 28 | | Offsetting financial assets and liabilities | |||
190 | Note 29 | | Interest income and expense | |||
191 | Note 30 | | Segmented and geographic information | |||
193 | Note 31 | | Future accounting policy changes |
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Financial reporting responsibility
Management of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) is responsible for the preparation, presentation, accuracy and reliability of the Annual Report, which includes the consolidated financial statements and managements discussion and analysis (MD&A). The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Section 308(4) of the Bank Act (Canada), which requires that the financial statements be prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The MD&A has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of applicable securities laws.
The consolidated financial statements and MD&A contain items that reflect the best estimates and judgments of the expected effects of current events and transactions with appropriate consideration to materiality. Financial information appearing throughout the Annual Report is consistent with the consolidated financial statements.
Management has developed and maintained effective systems, controls and procedures to ensure that information used internally and disclosed externally is reliable and timely. CIBCs system of internal controls and supporting procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that transactions are authorized, assets are safeguarded and proper records are maintained. These internal controls and supporting procedures include the communication of policies and guidelines, the establishment of an organizational structure that provides appropriate and well-defined responsibilities and accountability, and the careful selection and training of qualified staff. Management has assessed the effectiveness of CIBCs internal control over financial reporting as at year-end using the Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Based upon this assessment, we have determined that internal control over financial reporting is effective in all material respects and CIBC is in compliance with the requirements set by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
CIBCs Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have certified CIBCs annual filings with the SEC under the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act and with the Canadian Securities Administrators under Canadian securities laws.
The Internal Audit department reviews and reports on the effectiveness of CIBCs internal control, risk management and governance systems and processes, including accounting and financial controls, in accordance with the audit plan approved by the Audit Committee. Our Chief Auditor has unfettered access to the Audit Committee.
The Board of Directors oversees managements responsibilities for financial reporting through the Audit Committee, which is composed of independent directors. The Audit Committee reviews CIBCs interim and annual consolidated financial statements and MD&A and recommends them for approval by the Board of Directors. Other key responsibilities of the Audit Committee include monitoring CIBCs system of internal control, and reviewing the qualifications, independence and service quality of the shareholders auditor and the performance of CIBCs internal auditors.
Ernst & Young LLP, the shareholders auditor, obtains an understanding of CIBCs internal controls and procedures for financial reporting to plan and conduct such tests and other audit procedures as they consider necessary in the circumstances to express their opinions in the reports that follow. Ernst & Young LLP has unrestricted access to the Audit Committee to discuss their audit and related matters.
The Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) Canada is mandated to protect the rights and interest of depositors and creditors of CIBC. Accordingly, OSFI examines and enquires into the business and affairs of CIBC, as deemed necessary, to ensure that the provisions of the Bank Act (Canada) are being complied with and that CIBC is in sound financial condition.
Victor G. Dodig | Hratch Panossian | |||
President and Chief Executive Officer | Chief Financial Officer | November 30, 2022 |
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Consolidated financial statements |
Report of independent registered public accounting firm
To the shareholders and directors of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Opinion on the consolidated financial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) as of October 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of CIBC at October 31, 2022 and 2021, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), CIBCs internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated November 30, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of CIBCs management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on CIBCs consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to CIBC in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical audit matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Allowance for credit losses | ||
Description of the matter | As described in Note 1 and Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements, CIBC has recognized $3.3 billion in expected credit loss (ECL) allowances on its consolidated balance sheet. ECL allowances represent an unbiased and probability-weighted amount, which is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes and reasonable and supportable information about past events, current conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions. Forward-looking information (FLI), which involves significant judgment, is explicitly incorporated into the estimation of ECL allowances. ECL allowances are measured at amounts equal to either (i) 12-month ECL; or (ii) lifetime ECL for those financial instruments that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk (SICR) since initial recognition or when there is objective evidence of impairment.
Auditing the allowance for credit losses was complex, involved significant auditor judgment, and required the involvement of specialists due to the inherent complexity of the models, the large volume of data used, assumptions, judgments, and the interrelationship of these variables in measuring the ECL. Significant assumptions and judgments with respect to the estimation of the allowance for credit losses include (i) the determination of when a loan has experienced a SICR; (ii) the forecast of FLI for multiple economic scenarios and the probability weighting of those scenarios; (iii) the calculation of both 12-month and lifetime credit losses; and (iv) the application of expert credit judgment. Management has applied a heightened use of judgment in the areas noted above, when assessing the impact of the uncertain macroeconomic environment on the allowance for credit losses. | |
How we addressed the matter in our audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of managements controls over the allowance for credit losses, with the assistance of our internal specialists. The controls we tested included, amongst others, controls over technology, model development, validation and monitoring, economic forecasting, data completeness and accuracy, the determination of internal risk ratings for non-retail loans, and the governance and oversight controls over the review of the overall ECL, including the application of expert credit judgment.
To test the allowance for credit losses, amongst other procedures, we assessed, with the assistance of our credit risk specialists, whether the methodology and assumptions used in significant models that estimate ECL are consistent with the requirements of IFRS and industry standards. For a sample of models, our credit risk specialists reperformed the model validation and monitoring tests performed by management. This included an assessment of the thresholds used to determine a SICR. For a sample of FLI variables, with the assistance of our economic specialists, we evaluated managements forecasting methodology and compared managements FLI to independently derived forecasts and publicly available information. We also evaluated the scenario probability weights used in the ECL models. With the assistance of our credit risk specialists, we also evaluated managements methodology and governance over the application of expert credit judgment by evaluating that the amounts recorded were reflective of underlying credit and/or economic conditions. We tested the completeness and accuracy of data used in the measurement of the ECL by agreeing to documents and systems and evaluated a sample of non-retail borrower risk ratings against CIBCs risk rating scale. On a sample basis, we recalculated the ECL to test the mathematical accuracy of managements models. We also assessed the adequacy of the allowance for credit loss financial statement note disclosures. |
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Fair value measurement of derivatives | ||
Description of the matter |
As described in Note 2 and Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements, CIBC has recognized $43.0 billion in derivative assets and $52.3 billion in derivative liabilities. The portfolio of derivative instruments is presented by level within the fair value hierarchy, with the majority of the portfolio classified as Level 2. While derivative instruments classified as Level 1 have quoted market prices, those classified as Level 2 and 3 require valuation techniques that use observable and non-observable market inputs and involve the application of management judgment.
Auditing the valuation of certain derivatives was complex and required the application of significant auditor judgment and involvement of valuation specialists where the fair value was determined based on complex models and/or significant non-observable market inputs, including any significant valuation adjustments. The inputs and modelling assumptions used to determine fair value that were subject to significant auditor judgment included, amongst others, correlations, volatilities and credit spreads. The valuation of derivatives is sensitive to these inputs as they are forward-looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. | |
How we addressed the matter in our audit |
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of managements controls over the valuation of CIBCs derivatives portfolio, with the assistance of our internal specialists. The controls we tested included, amongst others, controls over technology, the development and validation of models used to determine the fair value of derivatives, controls over the independent price verification process, including the integrity of significant inputs described above, and controls over significant valuation adjustments applied.
To test the valuation of these derivatives, our audit procedures included, amongst others, an evaluation of the methodologies and significant inputs used by CIBC. With the assistance of our valuation specialists, we performed an independent valuation for a sample of derivatives and valuation adjustments to assess the modelling assumptions and significant inputs used by CIBC to estimate the fair value. We independently obtained significant inputs and assumptions from external market data in performing our independent valuation. For a sample of models, and with the assistance of our valuation specialists, we assessed the valuation methodologies used by CIBC to determine fair value. We also assessed the adequacy of the disclosures related to the fair value measurement of derivatives. | |
Measurement of uncertain tax provisions | ||
Description of the matter |
As described in Note 1 and Note 19 of the consolidated financial statements, CIBC has disclosed its significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions in relation to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. CIBC operates in a tax environment with constantly evolving and complex tax legislation for financial institutions. Uncertainty in tax positions may arise as tax legislation is subject to interpretation. Estimating uncertain tax provisions requires management judgment to be applied in the interpretation of tax laws across the various jurisdictions in which CIBC operates. This includes significant judgment in the determination of whether it is probable that CIBCs tax filing positions will be sustained relating to certain complex tax positions and the measurement of such provision when recognized.
Auditing CIBCs uncertain tax provisions required the involvement of our tax professionals and the application of judgment, including the interpretation of applicable tax legislation and jurisprudence. | |
How we addressed the matter in our audit |
With the assistance of our tax professionals, we obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of managements controls over CIBCs uncertain tax provisions. This included, amongst others, controls over managements assessment of the technical merits of tax positions and the process related to the measurement of any related income tax provisions.
With the assistance of our tax professionals, our audit procedures included, amongst others, an assessment of the technical merits of income tax positions taken by CIBC and the measurement of any related uncertain tax provisions recorded. We inspected and evaluated correspondence from the relevant income tax authorities, income tax advice obtained by CIBC from external advisors including income tax opinions, CIBCs interpretations of tax laws and the assessment thereof with respect to uncertain tax positions. We evaluated the reasonability of CIBCs treatment of any new information received during the year relating to the amounts recorded. We also assessed the adequacy of the disclosures related to uncertain tax positions. |
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
Licensed Public Accountants
We have served as CIBCs auditor since 2002.
Toronto, Canada
November 30, 2022
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Consolidated financial statements |
Report of independent registered public accounting firm
To the shareholders and directors of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Opinion on internal control over financial reporting
We have audited Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerces (CIBC) internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, CIBC maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2022, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of CIBC as of October 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes and our report dated November 30, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for opinion
CIBCs management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in Managements annual report on internal control over financial reporting section contained in the accompanying Managements Discussion and Analysis. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on CIBCs internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to CIBC in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
Licensed Public Accountants
Toronto, Canada
November 30, 2022
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Millions of Canadian dollars, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks |
$ | 31,535 | $ | 34,573 | ||||
Interest-bearing deposits with banks |
32,326 | 22,424 | ||||||
Securities (Note 4) |
175,879 | 161,401 | ||||||
Cash collateral on securities borrowed |
15,326 | 12,368 | ||||||
Securities purchased under resale agreements |
69,213 | 67,572 | ||||||
Loans (Note 5) |
||||||||
Residential mortgages |
269,706 | 251,526 | ||||||
Personal |
45,429 | 41,897 | ||||||
Credit card |
16,479 | 11,134 | ||||||
Business and government |
188,542 | 150,213 | ||||||
Allowance for credit losses |
(3,073 | ) | (2,849 | ) | ||||
517,083 | 451,921 | |||||||
Other |
||||||||
Derivative instruments (Note 12) |
43,035 | 35,912 | ||||||
Customers liability under acceptances |
11,574 | 10,958 | ||||||
Property and equipment (Note 7) |
3,377 | 3,286 | ||||||
Goodwill (Note 8) |
5,348 | 4,954 | ||||||
Software and other intangible assets (Note 8) |
2,592 | 2,029 | ||||||
Investments in equity-accounted associates and joint ventures (Note 25) |
632 | 658 | ||||||
Deferred tax assets (Note 19) |
480 | 402 | ||||||
Other assets (Note 9) |
35,197 | 29,225 | ||||||
102,235 | 87,424 | |||||||
$ | 943,597 | $ | 837,683 | |||||
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |
||||||||
Deposits (Note 10) |
||||||||
Personal |
$ | 232,095 | $ | 213,932 | ||||
Business and government |
397,188 | 344,388 | ||||||
Bank |
22,523 | 20,246 | ||||||
Secured borrowings |
45,766 | 42,592 | ||||||
697,572 | 621,158 | |||||||
Obligations related to securities sold short |
15,284 | 22,790 | ||||||
Cash collateral on securities lent |
4,853 | 2,463 | ||||||
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements |
77,171 | 71,880 | ||||||
Other |
||||||||
Derivative instruments (Note 12) |
52,340 | 32,101 | ||||||
Acceptances |
11,586 | 10,961 | ||||||
Deferred tax liabilities (Note 19) |
45 | 38 | ||||||
Other liabilities (Note 11) |
28,072 | 24,923 | ||||||
92,043 | 68,023 | |||||||
Subordinated indebtedness (Note 14) |
6,292 | 5,539 | ||||||
Equity |
||||||||
Preferred shares and other equity instruments (Note 15) |
4,923 | 4,325 | ||||||
Common shares (Note 15) |
14,726 | 14,351 | ||||||
Contributed surplus |
115 | 110 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
28,823 | 25,793 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) |
1,594 | 1,069 | ||||||
Total shareholders equity |
50,181 | 45,648 | ||||||
Non-controlling interests |
201 | 182 | ||||||
Total equity |
50,382 | 45,830 | ||||||
$ | 943,597 | $ | 837,683 |
The accompanying notes and shaded sections in MD&A Management of risk are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Victor G. Dodig | Mary Lou Maher | |
President and Chief Executive Officer | Director |
116 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Consolidated statement of income
Millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Interest income (Note 29) (1) |
||||||||
Loans |
$ | 16,874 | $ | 12,150 | ||||
Securities |
3,422 | 2,141 | ||||||
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements |
1,175 | 319 | ||||||
Deposits with banks |
708 | 131 | ||||||
22,179 | 14,741 | |||||||
Interest expense (Note 29) |
||||||||
Deposits |
7,887 | 2,651 | ||||||
Securities sold short |
380 | 236 | ||||||
Securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements |
943 | 208 | ||||||
Subordinated indebtedness |
203 | 122 | ||||||
Other |
125 | 65 | ||||||
9,538 | 3,282 | |||||||
Net interest income |
12,641 | 11,459 | ||||||
Non-interest income |
||||||||
Underwriting and advisory fees |
557 | 713 | ||||||
Deposit and payment fees |
880 | 797 | ||||||
Credit fees |
1,286 | 1,152 | ||||||
Card fees |
437 | 460 | ||||||
Investment management and custodial fees |
1,760 | 1,621 | ||||||
Mutual fund fees |
1,776 | 1,772 | ||||||
Insurance fees, net of claims |
351 | 358 | ||||||
Commissions on securities transactions |
378 | 426 | ||||||
Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), net |
1,172 | 607 | ||||||
Gains (losses) from debt securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) and amortized cost, net |
35 | 90 | ||||||
Foreign exchange other than trading (FXOTT) |
242 | 276 | ||||||
Income from equity-accounted associates and joint ventures (Note 25) |
47 | 55 | ||||||
Other |
271 | 229 | ||||||
9,192 | 8,556 | |||||||
Total revenue |
21,833 | 20,015 | ||||||
Provision for credit losses (Note 5) |
1,057 | 158 | ||||||
Non-interest expenses |
||||||||
Employee compensation and benefits |
7,157 | 6,450 | ||||||
Occupancy costs |
853 | 916 | ||||||
Computer, software and office equipment |
2,297 | 2,030 | ||||||
Communications |
352 | 318 | ||||||
Advertising and business development |
334 | 237 | ||||||
Professional fees |
313 | 277 | ||||||
Business and capital taxes |
123 | 111 | ||||||
Other (Notes 3 and 8) |
1,374 | 1,196 | ||||||
12,803 | 11,535 | |||||||
Income before income taxes |
7,973 | 8,322 | ||||||
Income taxes (Note 19) |
1,730 | 1,876 | ||||||
Net income |
$ | 6,243 | $ | 6,446 | ||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests |
$ | 23 | $ | 17 | ||||
Preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders |
$ | 171 | $ | 158 | ||||
Common shareholders |
6,049 | 6,271 | ||||||
Net income attributable to equity shareholders |
$ | 6,220 | $ | 6,429 | ||||
Earnings per share (EPS) (in dollars) (Note 20) (2) |
||||||||
Basic |
$ | 6.70 | $ | 6.98 | ||||
Diluted |
6.68 | 6.96 | ||||||
Dividends per common share (in dollars) (Note 15) (2) |
3.270 | 2.920 |
(1) | Interest income included $20.0 billion for the year ended October 31, 2022 (2021: $13.2 billion) calculated based on the effective interest rate method. |
(2) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
The accompanying notes and shaded sections in MD&A Management of risk are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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Consolidated financial statements |
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income
Millions of Canadian dollars, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Net income |
$ | 6,243 | $ | 6,446 | ||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI), net of income tax, that is subject to subsequent reclassification to net income |
||||||||
Net foreign currency translation adjustments |
||||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments in foreign operations |
4,043 | (2,610 | ) | |||||
Net gains (losses) on hedges of investments in foreign operations |
(2,290 | ) | 1,495 | |||||
1,753 | (1,115 | ) | ||||||
Net change in debt securities measured at FVOCI |
||||||||
Net gains (losses) on securities measured at FVOCI |
(784 | ) | (50 | ) | ||||
Net (gains) losses reclassified to net income |
(25 | ) | (66 | ) | ||||
(809 | ) | (116 | ) | |||||
Net change in cash flow hedges |
||||||||
Net gains (losses) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges |
(1,351 | ) | 178 | |||||
Net (gains) losses reclassified to net income |
552 | (315 | ) | |||||
(799 | ) | (137 | ) | |||||
OCI, net of income tax, that is not subject to subsequent reclassification to net income |
||||||||
Net gains (losses) on post-employment defined benefit plans |
198 | 917 | ||||||
Net gains (losses) due to fair value change of fair value option (FVO) liabilities attributable to changes in credit risk |
262 | 12 | ||||||
Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated at FVOCI |
(35 | ) | 100 | |||||
425 | 1,029 | |||||||
Total OCI (1) |
570 | (339 | ) | |||||
Comprehensive income |
$ | 6,813 | $ | 6,107 | ||||
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests |
$ | 23 | $ | 17 | ||||
Preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders |
$ | 171 | $ | 158 | ||||
Common shareholders |
6,619 | 5,932 | ||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to equity shareholders |
$ | 6,790 | $ | 6,090 |
(1) | Includes $218 million of losses for 2022 (2021: $43 million of losses) relating to our investments in equity-accounted associates and joint ventures. |
Millions of Canadian dollars, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit allocated to each component of OCI |
||||||||
Subject to subsequent reclassification to net income |
||||||||
Net foreign currency translation adjustments |
||||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments in foreign operations |
$ | (136 | ) | $ | 45 | |||
Net gains (losses) on hedges of investments in foreign operations |
131 | (53 | ) | |||||
(5 | ) | (8 | ) | |||||
Net change in debt securities measured at FVOCI |
||||||||
Net gains (losses) on securities measured at FVOCI |
160 | (11 | ) | |||||
Net (gains) losses reclassified to net income |
9 | 23 | ||||||
169 | 12 | |||||||
Net change in cash flow hedges |
||||||||
Net gains (losses) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges |
482 | (64 | ) | |||||
Net (gains) losses reclassified to net income |
(197 | ) | 112 | |||||
285 | 48 | |||||||
Not subject to subsequent reclassification to net income |
||||||||
Net gains (losses) on post-employment defined benefit plans |
(97 | ) | (311 | ) | ||||
Net gains (losses) due to fair value change of FVO liabilities attributable to changes in credit risk |
(93 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||
Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated at FVOCI |
9 | (34 | ) | |||||
(181 | ) | (349 | ) | |||||
$ | 268 | $ | (297 | ) |
The accompanying notes and shaded sections in MD&A Management of risk are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
118 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Consolidated statement of changes in equity
Millions of Canadian dollars, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Preferred shares and other equity instruments (Note 15) |
||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 4,325 | $ | 3,575 | ||||
Issue of preferred shares and limited recourse capital notes (LRCNs) |
1,400 | 750 | ||||||
Redemption of preferred shares |
(800 | ) | | |||||
Treasury shares |
(2 | ) | | |||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 4,923 | $ | 4,325 | ||||
Common shares (Note 15) |
||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 14,351 | $ | 13,908 | ||||
Issue of common shares |
401 | 458 | ||||||
Purchase of common shares for cancellation |
(29 | ) | | |||||
Treasury shares |
3 | (15 | ) | |||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 14,726 | $ | 14,351 | ||||
Contributed surplus |
||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 110 | $ | 117 | ||||
Compensation expense arising from equity-settled share-based awards |
24 | 19 | ||||||
Exercise of stock options and settlement of other equity-settled share-based awards |
(20 | ) | (43 | ) | ||||
Other |
1 | 17 | ||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 115 | $ | 110 | ||||
Retained earnings |
||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 25,793 | $ | 22,119 | ||||
Net income attributable to equity shareholders |
6,220 | 6,429 | ||||||
Dividends and distributions (Note 15) |
||||||||
Preferred and other equity instruments |
(171 | ) | (158 | ) | ||||
Common |
(2,954 | ) | (2,622 | ) | ||||
Premium on purchase of common shares for cancellation |
(105 | ) | | |||||
Realized gains (losses) on equity securities designated at FVOCI reclassified from AOCI |
45 | 27 | ||||||
Other |
(5 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 28,823 | $ | 25,793 | ||||
AOCI, net of income tax |
||||||||
AOCI, net of income tax, that is subject to subsequent reclassification to net income |
||||||||
Net foreign currency translation adjustments |
||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 58 | $ | 1,173 | ||||
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments |
1,753 | (1,115 | ) | |||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 1,811 | $ | 58 | ||||
Net gains (losses) on debt securities measured at FVOCI |
||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 193 | $ | 309 | ||||
Net change in debt securities measured at FVOCI |
(809 | ) | (116 | ) | ||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | (616 | ) | $ | 193 | |||
Net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges |
||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 137 | $ | 274 | ||||
Net change in cash flow hedges |
(799 | ) | (137 | ) | ||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | (662 | ) | $ | 137 | |||
AOCI, net of income tax, that is not subject to subsequent reclassification to net income |
||||||||
Net gains (losses) on post-employment defined benefit plans |
||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 634 | $ | (283 | ) | |||
Net change in post-employment defined benefit plans |
198 | 917 | ||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 832 | $ | 634 | ||||
Net gains (losses) due to fair value change of FVO liabilities attributable to changes in credit risk |
||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | (28 | ) | $ | (40 | ) | ||
Net change attributable to changes in credit risk |
262 | 12 | ||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 234 | $ | (28 | ) | |||
Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated at FVOCI |
||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 75 | $ | 2 | ||||
Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated at FVOCI |
(35 | ) | 100 | |||||
Realized (gains) losses on equity securities designated at FVOCI reclassified to retained earnings |
(45 | ) | (27 | ) | ||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | (5 | ) | $ | 75 | |||
Total AOCI, net of income tax |
$ | 1,594 | $ | 1,069 | ||||
Non-controlling interests |
||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 182 | $ | 181 | ||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests |
23 | 17 | ||||||
Dividends |
(8 | ) | (9 | ) | ||||
Other |
4 | (7 | ) | |||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 201 | $ | 182 | ||||
Equity at end of year |
$ | 50,382 | $ | 45,830 |
The accompanying notes and shaded sections in MD&A Management of risk are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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Consolidated financial statements |
Consolidated statement of cash flows
Millions of Canadian dollars, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities |
||||||||
Net income |
$ | 6,243 | $ | 6,446 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities: |
||||||||
Provision for credit losses |
1,057 | 158 | ||||||
Amortization and impairment (1) |
1,047 | 1,017 | ||||||
Stock options and restricted shares expense |
24 | 19 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
(46 | ) | (41 | ) | ||||
Losses (gains) from debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost |
(35 | ) | (90 | ) | ||||
Net losses (gains) on disposal of property and equipment |
(6 | ) | | |||||
Other non-cash items, net |
(1,126 | ) | 927 | |||||
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities |
||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits with banks |
(9,902 | ) | (3,437 | ) | ||||
Loans, net of repayments |
(65,000 | ) | (46,883 | ) | ||||
Deposits, net of withdrawals |
74,511 | 47,521 | ||||||
Obligations related to securities sold short |
(7,506 | ) | 6,827 | |||||
Accrued interest receivable |
(959 | ) | 46 | |||||
Accrued interest payable |
1,228 | (419 | ) | |||||
Derivative assets |
(7,073 | ) | (3,172 | ) | ||||
Derivative liabilities |
20,622 | 1,582 | ||||||
Securities measured at FVTPL |
4,949 | (9,552 | ) | |||||
Other assets and liabilities measured/designated at FVTPL |
9,404 | 7,277 | ||||||
Current income taxes |
(809 | ) | 543 | |||||
Cash collateral on securities lent |
2,390 | 639 | ||||||
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements |
3,680 | (2,248 | ) | |||||
Cash collateral on securities borrowed |
(2,958 | ) | (3,821 | ) | ||||
Securities purchased under resale agreements |
(1,641 | ) | (1,977 | ) | ||||
Other, net |
(5,379 | ) | (4,694 | ) | ||||
22,715 | (3,332 | ) | ||||||
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities |
||||||||
Issue of subordinated indebtedness |
1,000 | 1,000 | ||||||
Redemption/repurchase/maturity of subordinated indebtedness |
(2 | ) | (1,008 | ) | ||||
Issue of preferred shares and limited recourse capital notes, net of issuance cost |
1,395 | 748 | ||||||
Redemption of preferred shares |
(800 | ) | | |||||
Issue of common shares for cash |
228 | 284 | ||||||
Purchase of common shares for cancellation |
(134 | ) | | |||||
Net sale (purchase) of treasury shares |
1 | (15 | ) | |||||
Dividends and distributions paid |
(2,972 | ) | (2,649 | ) | ||||
Repayment of lease liabilities |
(326 | ) | (305 | ) | ||||
(1,610 | ) | (1,945 | ) | |||||
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities |
||||||||
Purchase of securities measured/designated at FVOCI and amortized cost |
(70,954 | ) | (49,896 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from sale of securities measured/designated at FVOCI and amortized cost |
23,183 | 23,917 | ||||||
Proceeds from maturity of debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost |
27,574 | 23,312 | ||||||
Acquisition of Canadian Costco credit card portfolio (Note 3) |
(3,085 | ) | | |||||
Net sale (purchase) of property, equipment, software and other intangible assets |
(1,109 | ) | (839 | ) | ||||
(24,391 | ) | (3,506 | ) | |||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks |
248 | (175 | ) | |||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks during the year |
(3,038 | ) | (8,958 | ) | ||||
Cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks at beginning of year |
34,573 | 43,531 | ||||||
Cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks at end of year (2) |
$ | 31,535 | $ | 34,573 | ||||
Cash interest paid |
$ | 8,310 | $ | 3,701 | ||||
Cash interest received |
20,120 | 13,890 | ||||||
Cash dividends received |
1,100 | 897 | ||||||
Cash income taxes paid |
2,585 | 1,374 |
(1) | Comprises amortization and impairment of buildings, right-of-use assets, furniture, equipment, leasehold improvements, software and other intangible assets, and goodwill. |
(2) | Includes restricted cash of $493 million (2021: $446 million) and interest-bearing demand deposits with Bank of Canada. |
The accompanying notes and shaded sections in MD&A Management of risk are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
120 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) is a diversified financial institution governed by the Bank Act (Canada). CIBC was formed through the amalgamation of the Canadian Bank of Commerce and Imperial Bank of Canada in 1961. Through our four strategic business units (SBUs) Canadian Personal and Business Banking, Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, and Capital Markets CIBC provides a full range of financial products and services to 13 million personal banking, business, public sector and institutional clients in Canada, the United States (U.S.) and around the world. Refer to Note 30 for further details on our business units. CIBC is incorporated and domiciled in Canada, with our registered and principal business offices located at CIBC SQUARE, Toronto, Ontario.
Note 1 | Basis of preparation and summary of significant accounting policies |
Basis of preparation
The consolidated financial statements of CIBC have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). These consolidated financial statements also comply with Section 308(4) of the Bank Act (Canada) and the requirements of the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI).
CIBC has consistently applied the same accounting policies throughout all periods presented.
These consolidated financial statements are presented in millions of Canadian dollars, unless otherwise indicated.
These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors (the Board) on November 30, 2022.
Summary of significant accounting policies
The following paragraphs describe our significant accounting policies.
Use of estimates and assumptions
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the recognized and measured amounts of assets, liabilities, net income, comprehensive income and related disclosures. Significant estimates and assumptions are made in the areas of the valuation of financial instruments, allowance for credit losses, the evaluation of whether to consolidate structured entities (SEs), leases, asset impairment, income taxes, provisions and contingent liabilities, post-employment and other long-term benefit plan assumptions and the valuation of self-managed loyalty points programs. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions.
Basis of consolidation
We consolidate entities over which we have control. We have control over another entity when we have: (i) power to direct relevant activities of the entity; (ii) exposure, or rights, to variable returns from our involvement with the entity; and (iii) the ability to affect those returns through our power over the entity.
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are entities over which CIBC has control. Generally, CIBC has control of its subsidiaries through a shareholding of more than 50% of the voting rights, and has significant exposure to the subsidiaries based on its ownership interests of more than 50%. The effects of potential voting rights that CIBC has the practical ability to exercise are considered when assessing whether control exists. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date control is obtained by CIBC and are deconsolidated from the date control is lost. Consistent accounting policies are applied for all consolidated subsidiaries. Details of our significant subsidiaries are provided in Note 26.
Structured entities
A SE is an entity that has been designed so that voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as when any voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the significant relevant activities are directed by contractual arrangements. SEs often have some or all of the following features or attributes: (i) restricted activities; (ii) a narrow and well-defined objective, such as to securitize our own financial assets or third-party financial assets to provide sources of funding or to provide investment opportunities for investors by passing on risks and rewards associated with the assets of the SE to investors; (iii) insufficient equity to permit the SE to finance its activities without subordinated financial support; or (iv) financing in the form of multiple contractually linked instruments to investors that create concentrations of credit or other risks. Examples of SEs include securitization vehicles, asset-backed financings, and investment funds.
When voting rights are not relevant in deciding whether CIBC has power over an entity, particularly for complex SEs, the assessment of control considers all facts and circumstances, including the purpose and design of the investee, its relationship with other parties and each partys ability to make decisions over significant activities, and whether CIBC is acting as a principal or as an agent.
We do not have control over an investee when we are acting as the agent for a third-party. In assessing whether we are an agent we determine (i) the scope of our decision-making authority, (ii) the rights held by other parties, (iii) the remuneration to which we are entitled and (iv) our exposure to variability of returns from other interests that we hold in the investee.
Consolidation conclusions are reassessed whenever there is a change in the specific facts and circumstances relevant to one or more of the three elements of control. Factors that trigger the reassessment include, but are not limited to, significant changes in ownership structure of the entities, changes in contractual or governance arrangements, provision of a liquidity facility beyond the original terms, transactions with the entities that were not contemplated originally and changes in the financing structure of the entities.
Transactions eliminated on consolidation
All intercompany transactions, balances and unrealized gains and losses on transactions are eliminated on consolidation.
Non-controlling interests
Non-controlling interests are presented on the consolidated balance sheet as a separate component of equity that is distinct from CIBCs shareholders equity. The net income attributable to non-controlling interests is presented separately in the consolidated statement of income.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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Associates and joint ventures
We classify investments in entities over which we have significant influence, and that are neither subsidiaries nor joint ventures, as associates. Significant influence is presumed to exist where we hold, either directly or indirectly, between 20% and 50% of the voting rights of an entity, or, in the case of a limited partnership, where CIBC is a co-general partner. Significant influence also may exist where we hold less than 20% of the voting rights of an entity, for example if we have influence over policy-making processes through representation on the entitys Board of Directors, or by other means. Where we are a party to a contractual arrangement whereby we undertake an economic activity that is subject to joint control together with one or more parties, we classify our interest in the venture as a joint venture.
Investments in associates and interests in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method, such investments are initially measured at cost, including attributable goodwill and intangible assets, and are adjusted thereafter for the post-acquisition change in our share of the net assets of the investment.
In applying the equity method for an investment that has a different reporting period from that of CIBC, adjustments are made for the effects of any significant events or transactions that occur between the reporting date of the investment and CIBCs reporting date.
Foreign currency translation
Monetary assets and liabilities and non-monetary assets and liabilities measured at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currencies of operations at prevailing exchange rates at the date of the consolidated balance sheet. Revenue and expenses are translated using average monthly exchange rates. Realized and unrealized gains and losses arising from translation into functional currencies are included in the consolidated statement of income, with the exception of unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses on FVOCI equity securities, which are included in AOCI.
Assets and liabilities of foreign operations with a functional currency other than the Canadian dollar, including goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on acquisition, are translated into Canadian dollars at the exchange rates prevailing as at the consolidated balance sheet date, while revenue and expenses of these foreign operations are translated into Canadian dollars at the average monthly exchange rates. Exchange gains and losses arising from the translation of these foreign operations and from the results of hedging the net investment in these foreign operations, net of applicable taxes, are included in Net foreign currency translation adjustments, in AOCI.
Any accumulated exchange gains and losses, including the impact of hedging, and any applicable taxes in AOCI are reclassified into the consolidated statement of income when there is a disposal of a foreign operation, including a partial disposal of a foreign operation that involves the loss of control. On partial disposal of a foreign operation that does not involve the loss of control, the proportionate share of the accumulated exchange gains and losses, including the impact of hedging, and any applicable taxes previously recognized in AOCI are reclassified into the consolidated statement of income.
Accounting for financial instruments
Classification and measurement of financial instruments
All financial assets must be classified at initial recognition as financial instruments mandatorily measured at FVTPL (trading and non-trading), financial instruments measured at amortized cost, debt financial instruments measured at FVOCI, equity financial instruments designated at FVOCI, or financial instruments designated at FVTPL (fair value option), based on the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial assets and the business model under which the financial assets are managed. All financial assets and derivatives are required to be measured at fair value with the exception of financial assets measured at amortized cost. Financial assets are required to be reclassified when and only when the business model under which they are managed has changed. All reclassifications are to be applied prospectively from the reclassification date.
The classification and measurement model requires that all debt instrument financial assets that do not meet a solely payment of principal and interest (SPPI) test, including those that contain embedded derivatives, be classified at initial recognition as FVTPL. The SPPI test is conducted to identify whether the contractual cash flows of a financial instrument are solely payments of principal and interest such that any variability in the contractual cash flows is consistent with a basic lending arrangement. Principal for the purpose of this test is defined as the fair value of the financial asset at initial recognition and may change over the life of the financial asset, for example, due to repayments of principal or amortization of the premium/discount. Interest for the purpose of this test is defined as the consideration for the time value of money and credit risk, which are the most significant elements of interest within a lending arrangement. Contractual terms that introduce a more than de minimis exposure to risks or volatility in the contractual cash flows that are unrelated to a basic lending arrangement do not give rise to contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the amount outstanding. The intent of the SPPI test is to ensure that debt instruments that contain non-basic lending features, such as conversion options and equity-linked payouts, are measured at FVTPL.
For debt instrument financial assets that meet the SPPI test, classification at initial recognition is determined based on the business model under which these instruments are managed. Debt instruments that are managed on a held for trading or fair value basis are classified as FVTPL. Debt instruments that are managed on a hold to collect and for sale basis are classified as FVOCI for debt. Debt instruments that are managed on a hold to collect basis are classified as amortized cost. We consider the following in our determination of the applicable business model for financial assets:
I) | The business purpose of the portfolio; |
II) | The risks that are being managed and the type of business activities that are being carried out on a day-to-day basis to manage the risks; |
III) | The basis on which performance of the portfolio is being evaluated; and |
IV) | The frequency and significance of sales activity. |
All equity instrument financial assets are classified at initial recognition as FVTPL unless they are not held with the intent for short-term profit-taking and an irrevocable designation is made to classify the instrument as FVOCI for equities.
Financial liabilities, other than derivatives, obligations related to securities sold short and FVO liabilities, are measured at amortized cost. Derivatives, obligations related to securities sold short and FVO financial liabilities are measured at fair value.
Derivatives are measured at FVTPL, except to the extent that they are designated in a hedging relationship, in which case the International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (IAS 39) hedge accounting requirements continue to apply.
Financial instruments mandatorily measured at FVTPL (trading and non-trading)
Trading financial instruments are mandatorily measured at FVTPL as they are held for trading purposes or are part of a managed portfolio with a pattern of short-term profit-taking. Non-trading financial assets are also mandatorily measured at fair value if their contractual cash flow characteristics do not meet the SPPI test or if they are managed together with other financial instruments on a fair value basis.
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Trading and non-trading financial instruments mandatorily measured at FVTPL are remeasured at fair value as at the consolidated balance sheet date. Gains and losses realized on disposition and unrealized gains and losses from changes in fair value are included in Non-interest income as Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL, net. Interest income and dividends earned on trading and non-trading securities and dividends and interest expense incurred on securities sold short are included in Interest income and Interest expense, respectively.
Financial instruments designated at FVTPL (fair value option)
Financial instruments designated at FVTPL are those that we voluntarily designate at initial recognition as instruments that we will measure at fair value through the consolidated statement of income that would otherwise fall into a different accounting category. The FVO designation, once made, is irrevocable and can only be applied if reliable fair values are available, when doing so eliminates or significantly reduces the measurement inconsistency that would otherwise arise from measuring assets or liabilities on a different basis and if certain OSFI requirements pertaining to certain loans are met. Financial liabilities may also be designated at FVTPL when they are part of a portfolio which is managed on a fair value basis, in accordance with our investment strategy, and are reported internally on that basis. Designation at FVTPL may also be applied to financial liabilities that have one or more embedded derivatives that would otherwise require bifurcation. We apply the FVO to certain mortgage commitments.
Gains and losses realized on dispositions and unrealized gains and losses from changes in the fair value of FVO financial instruments are treated in the same manner as financial instruments which are mandatorily measured at FVTPL, except that changes in the fair value of FVO liabilities that are attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. Dividends and interest earned, and interest expense incurred on FVO assets and liabilities are included in Interest income and Interest expense, respectively.
Financial assets measured at amortized cost
Financial assets measured at amortized cost are debt financial instruments with contractual cash flows that meet the SPPI test and are managed on a hold to collect basis. These financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus or minus direct and incremental transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at amortized cost, using the effective interest rate method, net of an allowance for expected credit losses (ECL).
Loans measured at amortized cost include residential mortgages, personal loans, credit cards and most business and government loans. Certain portfolios of treasury securities that are managed on a hold to collect basis are also classified as amortized cost. Most deposits with banks, securities purchased under resale agreements, cash collateral on securities borrowed and most customers liability under acceptances are accounted for at amortized cost.
Debt financial assets measured at FVOCI
Debt financial instruments measured at FVOCI are non-derivative financial assets with contractual cash flows that meet the SPPI test and are managed on a hold to collect and for sale basis.
FVOCI debt instruments are measured initially at fair value, plus direct and incremental transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, FVOCI debt instruments are remeasured at fair value, with the exception that changes in ECL allowances in addition to related foreign exchange gains or losses are recognized in the consolidated statement of income. Cumulative gains and losses previously recognized in OCI are transferred from AOCI to the consolidated statement of income when the debt instrument is sold. Realized gains and losses on sale, determined on an average cost basis, and changes in ECL allowances, are included in Gains (losses) from debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost, net in the consolidated statement of income. Interest income from FVOCI debt instruments is included in Interest income. FVOCI debt instruments include our treasury securities which are managed on a hold to collect and for sale basis.
A debt financial instrument is classified as impaired (stage 3) when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of that financial instrument have occurred after its initial recognition. Evidence of impairment includes indications that the borrower is experiencing significant financial difficulty, or a default or delinquency has occurred.
Equity financial instruments designated at FVOCI
Equity financial instruments are measured at FVTPL unless an irrevocable designation is made to measure them at FVOCI. Gains or losses from changes in the fair value of equity instruments designated at FVOCI, including any related foreign exchange gains or losses, are recognized in OCI. Amounts recognized in OCI will not be subsequently recycled to profit or loss, with the exception of dividends that are not considered a return of capital, which are recognized as interest income when received in the consolidated statement of income. Instead, cumulative gains or losses upon derecognition of the equity instrument will be transferred within equity from AOCI to retained earnings and presented in Realized gains (losses) on equity securities designated at FVOCI reclassified to retained earnings in the consolidated statement of changes in equity. Financial assets designated as FVOCI include non-trading equity securities, primarily related to our investment in private companies and certain limited partnerships.
Impairment of financial assets
ECL allowances are recognized on all financial assets that are debt instruments classified either as amortized cost or FVOCI and for all loan commitments and financial guarantees that are not measured at FVTPL. ECL allowances represent credit losses that reflect an unbiased and probability-weighted amount which is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes, the time value of money and reasonable and supportable information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions. Forward-looking information is explicitly incorporated into the estimation of ECL allowances, which involves significant judgment (see Note 5 for additional details).
ECL allowances for loans and acceptances are included in Allowance for credit losses on the consolidated balance sheet. ECL allowances for FVOCI debt securities are included as a component of the carrying value of the securities, which are measured at fair value. ECL allowances for other financial assets are included in the carrying value of the instrument. ECL allowances for guarantees and loan commitments are included in Other liabilities.
ECL allowances are measured at amounts equal to either: (i) 12-month ECL; or (ii) lifetime ECL for those financial instruments which have experienced a significant increase in credit risk (SICR) since initial recognition or when there is objective evidence of impairment.
The calculation of ECL allowances is based on the expected value of three probability-weighted scenarios to measure the expected cash shortfalls, discounted at the effective interest rate. A cash shortfall is the difference between the contractual cash flows that are due and the cash flows that we expect to receive. The key inputs in the measurement of ECL allowances are as follows:
| The probability of default (PD) is an estimate of the likelihood of default over a given time horizon; |
| The loss given default (LGD) is an estimate of the loss arising in the case where a default occurs at a given time; and |
| The exposure at default (EAD) is an estimate of the exposure at a future default date. |
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Lifetime ECL is the expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. 12-month ECL is the portion of lifetime expected credit losses that represent the expected credit losses that result from default events on the financial instrument that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date.
Stage migration and significant increase in credit risk
As a result of the requirements above, financial instruments subject to ECL allowances are categorized into three stages.
For performing financial instruments:
Stage 1 is comprised of all performing financial instruments which have not experienced a SICR since initial recognition. We recognize 12 months of ECL for stage 1 financial instruments. In assessing whether credit risk has increased significantly, we compare the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the date of its initial recognition.
Stage 2 is comprised of all performing financial instruments which have experienced a SICR since initial recognition. We recognize lifetime ECL for stage 2 financial instruments. In subsequent reporting periods, if the credit risk of the financial instrument improves such that there is no longer a SICR since initial recognition, then we revert to recognizing 12 months of ECL as the financial instrument has migrated back to stage 1.
We determine whether a financial instrument has experienced a SICR since its initial recognition on an individual financial instrument basis. Changes in the required ECL allowance, including the impact of financial instruments migrating between stage 1 and stage 2, are recorded in Provision for credit losses in the consolidated statement of income. Significant judgment is required in the application of SICR (see Note 5 for additional details).
Stage 3 financial instruments are those that we have classified as impaired. We recognize lifetime ECL for all stage 3 financial instruments. We classify a financial instrument as impaired when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of that financial instrument have occurred after its initial recognition. Evidence of impairment includes indications that the borrower is experiencing significant financial difficulties, or a default or delinquency has occurred. All financial instruments on which repayment of principal or payment of interest is contractually 90 days in arrears are automatically considered impaired, except for credit card loans, which are classified as impaired and are fully written off when payments are contractually 180 days in arrears or at the earlier of the notice of bankruptcy, settlement proposal, or enlistment of credit counselling services.
A financial instrument is no longer considered impaired when all past due amounts, including interest, have been recovered, and it is determined that the principal and interest are fully collectable in accordance with the original contractual terms or revised market terms of the financial instrument with all criteria for the impaired classification having been remedied.
Financial instruments are written off, either partially or in full, against the related allowance for credit losses when we judge that there is no realistic prospect of future recovery in respect of those amounts. When financial instruments are secured, this is generally after all collateral has been realized or transferred to CIBC, or in certain circumstances, when the net realizable value of any collateral and other available information suggests that there is no reasonable expectation of further recovery. In subsequent periods, any recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited to the provision for credit losses.
Purchased loans
Both purchased performing and purchased credit-impaired loans are initially measured at their acquisition date fair values. As a result of recording these loans at fair value, no allowance for credit losses is recognized in the purchase equation at the acquisition date. Fair value is determined by estimating the principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected and discounting those cash flows at a market rate of interest. At the acquisition date, we classify a loan as performing where we expect timely collection of all amounts in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan and as credit-impaired where it is probable that we will not be able to collect all contractually required payments.
For purchased performing loans, the acquisition date fair value adjustment on each loan is amortized to interest income over the expected remaining life of the loan using the effective interest rate method. The remaining unamortized amounts relating to those loans are recorded in income in the period that the loan is repaid. ECL allowances are established in Provision for credit losses in the consolidated statement of income immediately after the acquisition date based on classifying each loan in stage 1, since the acquisition date is established as the initial recognition date of purchased performing loans for the purpose of assessing whether a SICR has occurred. Subsequent to the acquisition date, ECL allowances are estimated in a manner consistent with our SICR and impairment policies that we apply to loans that we originate.
For purchased credit-impaired loans, the acquisition date fair value adjustment on each loan consists of managements estimate of the shortfall of principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected and the time value of money. The time value of money component of the fair value adjustment is amortized to interest income over the expected remaining life of the loan using the effective interest rate method. Subsequent to the acquisition date, we regularly re-estimate the expected cash flows for purchased credit-impaired loans. Decreases in the expected cash flows will result in an increase in our ECL allowance. Increases in the expected cash flows will result in a recovery of the ECL allowance. ECL allowances for purchased credit-impaired loans are reported in stage 3.
Originated credit-impaired financial assets
The accounting for originated credit-impaired financial assets operates in a similar manner to the accounting for purchased credit-impaired loans in that originated credit-impaired assets are initially recognized at fair value with no initial ECL allowance as concerns about the collection of future cash flows are instead reflected in the origination date discount. The time value of money component of the discount is amortized to interest income over the expected remaining life of the financial asset using the effective interest rate method. Changes in expectation regarding the contractual cash flows for loans are recognized immediately in Provision for credit losses and for securities are recognized in Gains (losses) from debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost, net.
This accounting generally applies to financial assets that result from debt restructuring arrangements in which a previously impaired financial asset is exchanged for a new financial asset that is either recognized at a fair value that represents a deep discount to par or for which there are significant concerns over the ability to collect the contractual cash flows.
Determination of fair value
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability between market participants in an orderly transaction in the principal market at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e., the exit price). Fair value measurements are categorized into three levels within a fair value hierarchy (Level 1, 2 or 3) based upon the market observability of the valuation inputs used in measuring the fair value. See Note 2 for more details about fair value measurement subsequent to initial recognition by type of financial instrument.
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Transaction costs
Transaction costs relating to financial instruments mandatorily measured or designated at FVTPL are expensed as incurred. Transaction costs are amortized over the expected life of the instrument using the effective interest rate method for instruments measured at amortized cost, and debt instruments measured at FVOCI. For equity instruments designated at FVOCI, transaction costs are included in the instruments carrying value.
Date of recognition of securities
We account for all securities transactions on our consolidated balance sheet using settlement date accounting.
Effective interest rate
Interest income and expense for all financial instruments measured at amortized cost and for debt securities measured at FVOCI are recognized in Interest income and Interest expense using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts or payments through the expected life of the financial instrument to the net carrying value of the financial asset or liability upon initial recognition. When calculating the effective interest rate, we estimate future cash flows considering all contractual terms of the financial instrument, but not future credit losses.
Fees relating to loan origination, including commitment, restructuring and renegotiation fees, are considered an integral part of the yield earned on the loan and are accounted for using the effective interest rate method. Fees received for commitments that are not expected to result in a loan are included in Non-interest income over the commitment period. Loan syndication fees are included in Non-interest income on completion of the syndication arrangement, provided that the yield on the portion of the loan we retain is at least equal to the average yield earned by the other lenders involved in the financing; otherwise, an appropriate portion of the fee is deferred as unearned income and amortized to interest income using the effective interest rate method.
Interest income is recognized on stage 1 and stage 2 financial assets measured at amortized cost by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of the financial instrument. For stage 3 financial instruments, interest income is recognized using the rate of interest used to discount the estimated future cash flows for the purpose of measuring the impairment loss and applied to the net carrying value of the financial instrument.
Securitizations and derecognition of financial assets
Securitization of our own assets provides us with an additional source of liquidity. As we generally retain substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, assets remain on the consolidated balance sheet and funding from these transactions is accounted for as Deposits secured borrowings.
Securitizations to non-consolidated SEs are accounted for as sales, with the related assets being derecognized, only where:
| Our contractual right to receive cash flows from the assets has expired; |
| We transfer our contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, and have: (i) transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership, or (ii) neither retained nor transferred substantially all the risks and rewards, but have not retained control; or |
| The transfer meets the criteria of a qualifying pass-through arrangement. |
Derecognition of financial liabilities
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged, cancelled or expires. If an existing financial liability is replaced by another liability from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of the existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference in the respective carrying values is recognized in the consolidated statement of income. The repurchase of a debt instrument is considered an extinguishment of that debt instrument even if we intend to resell the instrument in the near term.
Financial guarantees
Financial guarantees are financial contracts that require the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument.
Financial guarantee contracts issued by CIBC that are not classified as insurance contracts are initially recognized as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantees, which is generally the premium received or receivable on the date the guarantee was given. Subsequently, financial guarantee liabilities are measured at the higher of the initial fair value, less cumulative amortization, and the applicable ECL allowances. A financial guarantee that qualifies as a derivative is remeasured at fair value as at each reporting date and reported as Derivative instruments in assets or liabilities, as appropriate.
Mortgage commitments
Mortgage interest rate commitments are extended to our retail clients in contemplation of borrowing to finance the purchase of homes under mortgages to be funded by CIBC in the future. These commitments are usually for periods of up to 120 days and generally entitle the borrower to receive funding at the lower of the interest rate at the time of the commitment and the rate applicable at the funding date. We use financial instruments, such as interest rate derivatives, to economically hedge our exposure to an increase in interest rates. Based on our estimate of the commitments expected to be exercised, a financial liability would be recognized on our consolidated balance sheet, to which we apply the FVO. We also carry the associated economic hedges at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the fair value of the FVO commitment liability and the associated economic hedges are included in Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL, net. In addition, since the fair value of the commitments is priced into the mortgage, the difference between the mortgage amount and its fair value at funding is recognized in the consolidated statement of income to offset the carrying value of the mortgage commitment that is released upon its expiry.
Offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset, and the amount presented net, when we have a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and intend to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
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Acceptances and customers liability under acceptances
Acceptances constitute a liability of CIBC on negotiable instruments issued to third parties by our customers. We earn a fee for guaranteeing and then making the payment to the third parties. The amounts owed to us by our customers in respect of these guaranteed amounts are reflected in assets as Customers liability under acceptances.
Securities purchased under resale agreements and obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements
Securities purchased under resale agreements are treated as collateralized lending transactions as they represent the purchase of securities affected with a simultaneous agreement to sell them back at a future date at a fixed price, which is generally near term. Securities subject to these transactions include certain loans that are readily securitizable. The agreements include certain total return swap arrangements that are economically equivalent to resale agreements. These transactions are classified and measured at amortized cost, as they meet the SPPI criteria and are managed under a hold to collect business model, unless they were classified at FVTPL or designated under the FVO. For Securities purchased under resale agreements that are classified at amortized cost, an ECL is applied. Interest income is accrued using the effective interest rate method and is included in Interest income Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements in the consolidated statement of income.
Similarly, securities sold under agreements to repurchase are treated as collateralized borrowing transactions at amortized cost with interest expense accrued using the effective interest rate method and are included in Interest expense Securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements in the consolidated statement of income. Certain obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements are designated at FVTPL under the FVO.
Cash collateral on securities borrowed and securities lent
The right to receive back cash collateral paid and the obligation to return cash collateral received on borrowing and lending of securities, which is generally near term, is recognized as cash collateral on securities borrowed and securities lent, respectively. These transactions are classified and measured at amortized cost as they meet the SPPI criteria and are managed under a hold to collect business model. For Cash collateral on securities borrowed classified at amortized cost, an ECL is applied. Interest income on cash collateral paid and interest expense on cash collateral received together with the security borrowing fees and security lending income are included in Interest income Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements and Interest expense Securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements, respectively. For securities borrowing and lending transactions where securities are pledged or received as collateral, securities pledged by CIBC remain on the consolidated balance sheet and securities received by CIBC are not recognized on the consolidated balance sheet.
Derivatives
We use derivative instruments for both asset/liability management (ALM) and trading purposes. The derivatives used for ALM purposes allow us to manage financial risks, such as movements in interest and foreign exchange rates, while our derivative trading activities are primarily driven by client activities. We may also take proprietary trading positions within prescribed risk limits with the objective of earning income.
All derivative instruments are recognized initially, and are measured subsequently, at fair value and are reported as assets where they have a positive fair value and as liabilities where they have a negative fair value, in both cases as derivative instruments. Any realized and unrealized gains or losses on derivatives used for trading purposes are recognized immediately in Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL, net. The accounting for derivatives used for ALM purposes depends on whether they qualify for hedge accounting as discussed below.
Fair values of exchange-traded derivatives are based on quoted market prices. Fair values of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, including OTC derivatives that are centrally cleared, are obtained using valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models and option pricing models. See Note 12 for further information on the valuation of derivatives.
Derivatives used for ALM purposes that qualify for hedge accounting
As permitted at the time of transition to IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (IFRS 9), we previously elected to continue to apply the hedge accounting requirements of IAS 39.
We apply hedge accounting for derivatives held for ALM purposes that meet specified criteria. There are three types of hedges: fair value, cash flow and hedges of net investments in foreign operations (NIFOs). When hedge accounting is not applied, the change in the fair value of the derivative is recognized in the consolidated statement of income (see Derivatives used for ALM purposes that are not designated for hedge accounting below).
In order for derivatives to qualify for hedge accounting, the hedge relationship must be designated and formally documented at its inception in accordance with IAS 39. The particular risk management objective and strategy, the specific asset, liability or cash flow being hedged, as well as how hedge effectiveness is assessed, are documented. Hedge effectiveness requires a high correlation of changes in fair values or cash flows between the hedged and hedging items.
We assess the effectiveness of derivatives in hedging relationships, both at inception and on an ongoing basis. Ineffectiveness results to the extent that the change in the fair value of the hedging derivative differs from the change in the fair value of the hedged risk in the hedged item, or the cumulative change in the fair value of the hedging derivative exceeds the cumulative change in the fair value of expected future cash flows of the hedged item. The amount of ineffectiveness of hedging instruments is recognized immediately in the consolidated statement of income.
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform
In response to interest rate benchmark reform, the IASB issued Interest Rate Benchmark Reform: Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7 (Phase 1 amendments) in September 2019, and Interest Rate Benchmark Reform: Phase 2 Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4, and IFRS 16 (Phase 2 amendments) in August 2020. Only the amendments to the classification and measurement sections of IFRS 9, the hedge accounting sections of IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (IAS 39), IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures, IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts, and IFRS 16 Leases apply to us since we elected to continue to apply the hedge accounting requirements of IAS 39 upon the adoption of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (IFRS 9). We adopted the Phase 1 and Phase 2 amendments effective November 1, 2019 and November 1, 2020, respectively.
During the period prior to the replacement of Interbank Offered Rates (IBORs), the Phase 1 amendments allow us to continue hedge accounting by assuming that the interest rate benchmarks which are the basis for the hedged risk, the cash flows of the hedged item or the hedging instrument are not altered as a result of the reform. For the banks cash flow hedges of forecast transactions that are directly impacted by IBOR reform, for the purpose of assessing whether a forecast transaction is highly probable or expected to occur, the amendments allow us to assume that the benchmark interest rate on which the hedged cash flows are based is not altered as a result of IBOR reform. Phase 1 amendments also provide temporary exceptions to allow hedge accounting to continue if a hedge relationship does not meet certain hedge effectiveness assessment solely as a result of IBOR reform.
The Phase 2 amendments address issues once an existing rate is replaced with an alternative rate. The amendments provide temporary relief that allows for hedging relationships to continue upon the replacement of an existing interest rate benchmark with an alternative rate under certain
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qualifying conditions. The amendments also allow us to redefine the hedged risk to an alternative rate, and to amend the description of the hedged item and the hedging instrument, and the description of how we will assess hedge effectiveness to reflect changes required by the reform without discontinuing the hedge relationship. The amendments also provide temporary relief that allows us to designate an alternative rate as a risk component to hedge provided that we reasonably expect that the alternative rate will become separately identifiable within 24 months of its first designation.
See the Interest Rate Benchmark Reform section below for further detail.
Fair value hedges
We designate fair value hedges primarily as part of interest rate risk management strategies that use derivatives to hedge changes in the fair value of financial instruments with fixed interest rates. Changes in fair value attributed to the hedged interest rate risk are accounted for as basis adjustments to the hedged financial instruments and are included in Net interest income. Changes in fair value from the hedging derivatives are also included in Net interest income. Any differences between the two represent hedge ineffectiveness that is included in Net interest income.
Similarly, for hedges of foreign exchange risk, changes in the fair value from the hedging derivatives and non-derivatives are included in FXOTT. Changes in the fair value of the hedged item from the hedged foreign exchange risk are accounted for as basis adjustments and are also included in FXOTT. Any difference between the two represents hedge ineffectiveness.
If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or where the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the hedge relationship is terminated and the basis adjustment applied to the hedged item is amortized over the remaining term of the hedged item. If the hedged item is derecognized, the unamortized basis adjustment is recognized immediately in the consolidated statement of income.
Cash flow hedges
We designate cash flow hedges as part of interest rate risk management strategies that use derivatives to mitigate our risk from variable cash flows by effectively converting certain variable-rate financial instruments to fixed-rate financial instruments, and as part of foreign exchange rate risk management strategies to hedge forecasted foreign currency denominated cash flows. We also designate cash flow hedges to hedge changes in CIBCs share price in respect of certain cash-settled share-based payment awards.
The effective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative instrument is recognized in OCI until the variability in cash flows being hedged is recognized in the consolidated statement of income in future accounting periods, at which time an appropriate portion of the amount that was in AOCI is reclassified into the consolidated statement of income. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the hedging derivative is included in Net interest income, FXOTT, or Non-interest expenses immediately as it arises.
If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or where the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the hedge relationship is terminated. Upon termination of the hedge relationship, any remaining amount in AOCI remains therein until it is recognized in the consolidated statement of income when the variability in cash flows hedged or the hedged forecast transaction is ultimately recognized in the consolidated statement of income. When the forecasted transaction is no longer expected to occur, the related cumulative gain or loss in AOCI is recognized immediately in the consolidated statement of income.
Hedges of NIFOs with a functional currency other than the Canadian dollar
We may designate NIFO hedges to mitigate the foreign exchange risk on our NIFOs with a functional currency other than the Canadian dollar.
These hedges are accounted for in a similar manner to cash flow hedges. The change in fair value of the hedging instrument relating to the effective portion is recognized in OCI. The change in fair value of the hedging instrument attributable to the forward points and relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in FXOTT. Gains and losses in AOCI are reclassified to the consolidated statement of income upon the disposal or partial disposal of the investment in the foreign operation that involves the loss of control, as explained in the Foreign currency translation policy above.
Derivatives used for ALM purposes that are not designated for hedge accounting
The change in fair value of the derivatives not designated as accounting hedges but used to economically hedge FVO assets or liabilities is included in Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL, net. The change in fair value of other derivatives not designated as accounting hedges but used for other economic hedging purposes is included in Non-interest income as FXOTT or Other, as appropriate, or in the case of economic hedges of cash-settled share-based payment obligations, in compensation expense.
Embedded derivatives
Derivatives embedded in financial liabilities are accounted for as separate derivatives when their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host instrument and the terms of the embedded derivative represent those of a freestanding derivative in situations where the combined instrument is not classified as FVTPL or FVO. These embedded derivatives, which are classified together with the host instrument on the consolidated balance sheet, are measured at fair value, with changes therein included in the consolidated statement of income. The residual amount of the host liability is accreted to its maturity value through Interest income and Interest expense, respectively, using the effective interest rate method.
Gains at inception on derivatives embedded in financial instruments bifurcated for accounting purposes are not recognized at inception; instead they are recognized over the life of the residual host instrument. Where an embedded derivative is separable from the host instrument but the fair value, as at the acquisition or reporting date, cannot be reliably measured separately or is otherwise not bifurcated, the entire combined contract is measured at FVTPL.
Financial assets with embedded derivatives are classified in their entirety into the appropriate classification at initial recognition through an assessment of the contractual cash flow characteristics of the asset and the business model under which it is managed.
Accumulated other comprehensive income
AOCI is included on the consolidated balance sheet as a separate component of total equity, net of income tax. It includes net unrealized gains and losses on FVOCI debt and equity securities, the effective portion of gains and losses on derivative instruments designated within effective cash flow hedges under IAS 39, unrealized foreign currency translation gains and losses on foreign operations with a functional currency other than the Canadian dollar net of gains or losses on related hedges, net gains (losses) related to fair value changes of FVO liabilities attributable to changes in own credit risk, and net gains (losses) on post-employment defined benefit plans.
Treasury shares
Where we repurchase our own equity instruments, these instruments are treated as treasury shares and are deducted from equity at their cost with any gain or loss recognized in Contributed surplus or Retained earnings as appropriate. No gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statement
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of income on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of our own equity instruments. Any difference between the carrying value and the consideration, if reissued, is also included in Contributed surplus.
Liabilities and equity
We classify financial instruments as a liability or equity based on the substance of the contractual arrangement. An instrument is classified as a liability if it is a contractual obligation to deliver cash or another financial asset, or to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities at potentially unfavourable terms. A contract is also classified as a liability if it is a non-derivative and could obligate us to deliver a variable number of our own shares or it is a derivative other than one that can be settled by the delivery of a fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of our own equity instruments. An instrument is classified as equity if it evidences a residual interest in our assets after deducting all liabilities. The components of a compound financial instrument are classified and accounted for separately as assets, liabilities, or equity as appropriate. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of equity instruments are shown in equity, net of income tax.
Property and equipment
Land is recognized initially at cost and is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Buildings, furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements are recognized initially at cost and are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.
Depreciation commences when the assets are available for use and is recognized on a straight-line basis to depreciate the cost of these assets to their estimated residual value over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives are as follows:
| Buildings 40 years |
| Computer equipment 3 to 7 years |
| Office furniture, equipment and other 4 to 15 years |
| Leasehold improvements over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term, including reasonably assured renewal periods |
Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each annual reporting date and are adjusted if appropriate.
Gains and losses on disposal are included in Non-interest income Other.
Leases
As a lessee, we recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability based on the present value of future lease payments, less any lease incentives receivable, when the lessor makes the leased asset available for use to CIBC, based on the non-cancellable portion of the lease term, adjusted for any renewal or termination options that are reasonably certain to be exercised. Measurement of the right-of-use asset also includes any initial direct costs of procuring the lease, any lease payments made or lease incentives received prior to lease commencement, and the estimated cost of remediating the underlying asset at the end of the lease term. Discount rates are based on the rate implicit in the lease, if determinable, or on CIBCs incremental borrowing rate. Where a property lease contains both a lease and non-lease component, we have elected not to allocate the consideration in the contract to each of the components. Subsequent to initial measurement, CIBC measures the lease liability by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability based on the discount rate at the time of recognition and reducing the carrying amount to reflect lease payments made during the period, net of any remeasurements for lease reassessment or modifications. The right-of-use asset is measured using the cost model, and amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Right-of-use assets and the corresponding lease liabilities, including asset retirement obligations, are recognized in Property and equipment and Other liabilities, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet.
The right-of-use asset and the corresponding lease liability are remeasured when there is a change in lease term, a change in the assessment of an option to purchase a leased asset, a change in the expected residual value guarantee (if any), or a change in future lease payments due to a change in the index or rate applicable to the payment. Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment as required under IAS 36 Impairment of Assets (IAS 36). Refer to the Impairment of non-financial assets policy below. In addition, the evaluation of the useful life for depreciation is assessed under IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment (IAS 16).
Lease payments for low-value assets, short-term leases and variable leases are systematically recognized in Non-interest expenses based on the nature of the expense.
As an intermediate lessor, we classify a sublease as an operating or finance sublease based on whether substantially all of the risks and rewards related to the underlying right-of-use asset are transferred to the sub-lessee. If classified as a finance sublease, the related right-of-use asset is derecognized and an investment in sublease is recognized, with the difference recognized in the consolidated statement of income as a gain or loss. In measuring the investment in sublease, we apply the head lease discount rate unless the rate implicit in the sublease is determinable. Where a finance sublease includes lease and non-lease components, we allocate the total consideration in the contract to each component based on the standalone prices for each of these components. The investment in sublease is recognized in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheet, and is subsequently measured using the effective interest rate method, with interest income recognized over the term of the sublease. Rental income from operating subleases is recognized on a systematic basis over the lease term.
Goodwill, software and other intangible assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired in business combinations. Identifiable intangible assets are recognized separately from goodwill when they are separable or arise from contractual or other legal rights, and have fair values that can be reliably measured.
Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to impairment review at least annually or more frequently if there are indicators that the goodwill may be impaired. Refer to the Impairment of non-financial assets policy below.
Intangible assets represent software and customer relationships, core deposit intangibles, investment management contracts, and brand names recognized as part of past acquisitions. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Each intangible asset is assessed for legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive or other factors to determine if the useful life is definite. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which are as follows:
| Software 5 to 10 years |
| Contract-based intangibles 8 to 15 years |
| Core deposit and customer relationship intangibles 3 to 16 years |
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Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Indefinite-life intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. Refer to the Impairment of non-financial assets policy below.
Impairment of non-financial assets
The carrying values of non-financial assets with definite useful lives, including right-of-use assets, buildings and equipment, and intangible assets with definite useful lives are reviewed to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. If any such indication of impairment exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss, if any.
For the purpose of reviewing non-financial assets with definite useful lives for impairment, asset groups are reviewed at their lowest level for which identifiable cash inflows are largely independent of cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets. This grouping is referred to as a cash-generating unit (CGU).
Corporate assets do not generate separate cash inflows. Corporate assets are tested for impairment at the minimum collection of CGUs to which the corporate asset can be allocated reasonably and consistently.
The recoverable amount is the greater of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. Value in use is the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from the asset or CGU. When the carrying value exceeds its recoverable amount, an impairment loss equal to the difference between the two amounts is recognized in the consolidated statement of income. If an impairment subsequently reverses, the carrying value of the asset is increased to the extent that the carrying value of the underlying assets does not exceed the carrying value that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment had been recognized. Any impairment reversal is recognized in the consolidated statement of income in the period in which it occurs.
Goodwill is assessed for impairment based on the group of CGUs expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination, and the lowest level at which management monitors the goodwill. Any potential goodwill impairment is identified by comparing the recoverable amount of the CGU grouping to which the goodwill is allocated to its carrying value including the allocated goodwill. If the recoverable amount is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized in the consolidated statement of income in the period in which it occurs. Impairment losses on goodwill are not subsequently reversed if conditions change.
Income taxes
Income tax comprises current tax and deferred tax. Income tax is recognized in the consolidated statement of income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in OCI or directly in equity, in which case it is recognized accordingly.
Current tax is the tax expected to be payable on the taxable profit for the year, calculated using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Current tax assets and liabilities are offset when CIBC intends to settle on a net basis and the legal right to offset exists.
Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and the corresponding amounts attributed to such assets and liabilities for tax purposes. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences unless the temporary differences relate to our NIFOs and will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets, other than those arising from our NIFOs, are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Deferred tax assets arising from our NIFOs are recognized for deductible temporary differences which are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which these deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Deferred tax is not recognized for temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable income, or for taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.
Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different taxable entities which intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
We are subject to income tax laws in the various jurisdictions where we operate, and the tax laws in those jurisdictions are potentially subject to different interpretations by us and the relevant taxation authority, which gives rise to uncertainty. For tax positions where there is uncertainty regarding the ultimate determination of the tax impact, including positions which are under audit, dispute or appeal, we recognize provisions to consider this uncertainty based on our best estimate of the amount expected to be paid based on an assessment of the relevant factors.
Pension and other post-employment benefits
We are the sponsor of a number of employee benefit plans. These plans include both defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans, and various other post-employment benefit plans including post-retirement medical and dental benefits.
Defined benefit plans
The cost of pensions and other post-employment benefits earned by employees is actuarially determined separately for each plan using the projected unit credit method and our best estimate of salary escalation, retirement ages of employees, mortality and expected health-care costs. This represents CIBCs defined benefit obligation, which is measured as at the reporting date. The discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation is based on the yield of a portfolio of high-quality corporate bonds denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid and with terms to maturity that, on average, match the terms of the defined benefit obligation.
Plan assets are measured at fair value as at the reporting date.
The net defined benefit asset (liability) represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation less the fair value of plan assets. The net defined benefit asset (liability) is included in Other assets and Other liabilities, respectively.
Current service cost reflects the cost of providing post-employment benefits earned by employees in the current period. Current service cost is calculated as the present value of the benefits attributed to the current year of service and is recognized in the consolidated statement of income. The current service cost is calculated using a separate discount rate to reflect the longer duration of future benefit payments associated with the additional year of service to be earned by the plans active participants.
Past service costs arising from plan amendments or curtailments are recognized in net income in the period in which they arise.
Net interest income or expense comprises interest income on plan assets and interest expense on the defined benefit obligation. Interest income is calculated by applying the discount rate to the plan assets, and interest expense is calculated by applying the discount rate to the defined benefit obligation. Net interest income or expense is recognized in the consolidated statement of income.
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Actuarial gains and losses represent changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation which result from changes in actuarial assumptions and differences between previous actuarial assumptions and actual experience, and from differences between the actual return on plan assets and assumed interest income on plan assets. Net actuarial gains and losses are recognized in OCI in the period in which they arise and are not subject to subsequent reclassification to net income. Cumulative net actuarial gains and losses are included in AOCI.
When the calculation results in a net defined benefit asset, the recognized asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan (the asset ceiling). For plans where we do not have an unconditional right to a refund of surplus, we determine the asset ceiling by reference to future economic benefits available in the form of reductions in future contributions to the plan, in which case the present value of economic benefits is calculated giving consideration to minimum funding requirements for future service that apply to the plan. Where a reduction in future contributions to the plan is not currently realizable at the reporting date, we estimate whether we will have the ability to reduce contributions for future service at some point during the life of the plan by taking into account, among other things, expected future returns on plan assets. If it is anticipated that we will not be able to recover the value of the net defined benefit asset, after considering minimum funding requirements for future service, the net defined benefit asset is reduced to the amount of the asset ceiling.
When the payment in the future of minimum funding requirements related to past service would result in a net defined benefit surplus, or an increase in a net defined benefit surplus, the minimum funding requirements are recognized as a liability to the extent that the surplus would not be fully available as a refund or a reduction in future contributions. Any funded status surplus is limited to the present value of future economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan.
Defined contribution plans
Costs for defined contribution plans are recognized during the year in which the service is provided.
Other long-term employee benefits
CIBC previously sponsored a closed long-term disability income replacement plan that was classified as a long-term defined benefit arrangement before it was settled effective December 2021. CIBC also offers other medical and dental benefits to employees while on long-term disability.
The amount of other long-term employee benefits is actuarially calculated using the projected unit credit method. Under this method, the benefit is discounted to determine its present value. The methodology used to determine the discount rate used to value the long-term employee benefit obligation is consistent with that for pension and other post-employment benefit plans. Actuarial gains and losses and past service costs are recognized in the consolidated statement of income in the period in which they arise.
Share-based payments
We provide compensation to certain employees and directors in the form of share-based awards.
Compensation expense for share-based awards is recognized from the service commencement date to the earlier of the contractual vesting date or the employees retirement eligible date. For grants regularly awarded in the annual incentive compensation cycle (annual incentive grant), the service commencement date is considered to be the start of the fiscal year that precedes the fiscal year in which the grant is made. The service commencement date in respect of special awards granted outside of the annual cycle is the grant date. The amount of compensation expense recognized is based on managements best estimate of the number of share-based awards expected to vest, including estimates of expected forfeitures, which are revised periodically as appropriate. For the annual incentive grant, compensation expense is recognized from the service commencement date based on the estimated fair value of the forthcoming grant with the estimated fair value adjusted to the actual fair value at the grant date.
Under the Restricted Share Award (RSA) plan, where grants are settled in the cash equivalent of common shares, changes in the obligation which arise from fluctuations in the market price of common shares, net of related hedges, are recognized in the consolidated statement of income as compensation expense in proportion to the award recognized.
Under the Performance Share Unit (PSU) plan, where grants are settled in the cash equivalent of common shares, changes in the obligation which arise from fluctuations in the market price of common shares, and revised estimates of the performance factor, net of related hedges, are recognized in the consolidated statement of income as compensation expense in proportion to the award recognized. The performance factor ranges from 75% to 125% of the initial number of units awarded based on CIBCs performance relative to the other major Canadian banks.
Compensation expense in respect of the Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) is based on the grant date fair value. Where the service commencement date precedes the grant date, compensation expense is recognized from the service commencement date based on the estimated fair value of the award at the grant date, with the estimated fair value adjusted to the actual fair value at the grant date. Compensation expense results in a corresponding increase to contributed surplus. If the ESOP award is exercised, the proceeds we receive, together with the amount recognized in Contributed surplus, are credited to common share capital. If the ESOP award expires unexercised, the compensation expense remains in Contributed surplus.
As part of our acquisition of Wellington Financial Fund V LP (Wellington Financial) in the first quarter of 2018, equity-settled awards in the form of exchangeable shares with specific service and non-market performance vesting conditions were issued to selected employees. Compensation expense in respect of the exchangeable shares is based on the grant date fair value, adjusted for changes in the estimated impact of the non-market performance conditions.
Compensation in the form of Deferred Share Units (DSUs) issued pursuant to the Deferred Share Unit Plan, the Deferred Compensation Plan (DCP), and the Directors Plan entitles the holder to receive the cash equivalent of a CIBC common share. At the time DSUs are granted, the related expense in respect of the cash compensation that an employee or director would otherwise receive would have been fully recognized. Changes in the obligations which arise from fluctuations in the market price of common shares, net of related hedges, are recognized in the consolidated statement of income as compensation expense for employee DSUs and as Non-interest expense Other for Directors DSUs.
Our contributions under the Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP) are expensed as incurred.
The impact due to our changes in common share price in respect of cash-settled share-based compensation under the RSA and PSU plans is hedged through the use of derivatives. We designate these derivatives within cash flow hedge accounting relationships. The effective portion of the change in fair value of these derivatives is recognized in OCI and is reclassified into compensation expense, within the consolidated statement of income, over the period that the hedged awards impact the consolidated statement of income. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the hedging derivatives is recognized in the consolidated statement of income immediately as it arises.
Provisions and contingent liabilities
Provisions are liabilities of uncertain timing or amount. A provision is recognized when we have a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The provision is recognized as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the reporting date,
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taking into account the risk and uncertainties related to the obligation. Where material, provisions are discounted to reflect the time value of money, and the increase in the obligation due to the passage of time is presented as Interest expense in the consolidated statement of income.
Contingent liabilities are possible obligations that arise from past events whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence, or non-occurrence, of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of CIBC, or are present obligations that have arisen from past events but are not recognized because it is not probable that settlement will require the outflow of economic benefits.
Provisions and contingent liabilities are disclosed in the consolidated financial statements.
Earnings per share
We present basic and diluted EPS for our common shares.
Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income for the period attributable to CIBC common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The net income attributable to CIBC common shareholders is determined after deducting the after-tax amount of dividends on preferred shares and distributions on other equity instruments, which are accounted for in retained earnings, from the net income attributable to equity shareholders.
Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income for the period attributable to CIBC common shareholders by the weighted-average number of diluted common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted common shares reflect the potential dilutive effect of the exercise of stock options based on the treasury stock method. For stock options, the treasury stock method determines the number of incremental common shares by assuming that outstanding stock options, whose exercise price is less than the average market price of common shares during the period, are exercised and then reduced by the number of common shares assumed to be repurchased with the exercise proceeds from the assumed exercise of the options. Instruments determined to have an antidilutive effect for the period are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.
Fee and commission income
The recognition of fee and commission income is determined by the purpose of the fee or commission and the terms specified in the contract with the customer. Revenue is recognized when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of the service to the customer, in the amount of the consideration to which we expect to be entitled. Revenue may therefore be recognized at a point in time upon completion of the service or over time as the services are provided. When revenue is recognized over time, we are generally required to provide the services each period, such that control of the services is transferred evenly to the customer, and we therefore measure our progress towards completion of the service based upon the time elapsed. For contracts where the transaction price includes variable consideration, revenue is only recognized to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved, which typically occurs by the end of the reporting period. When another party is involved in providing a service to a customer, we determine whether the nature of our performance obligation is that of a principal or an agent. If we control the service before it is transferred to the customer, we are acting as the principal and present revenue separately from the amount paid to the other party; otherwise we are the agent and present revenue net of the amount paid to the other party. Consideration payable to a customer, including cash amounts payable to a customer, credits or other items that can be applied against amounts owing to us, is recognized as a reduction of revenue unless the payment to the customer is in exchange for a distinct good or service, in which case the purchase of the good or service is accounted for in the same way as for other purchases from suppliers. Our performance obligations typically have a term of one year or less, with payment received upon satisfaction of the performance obligation or shortly afterwards, and as a result there is no significant financing component and we do not typically capitalize the costs of obtaining contracts with our customers. Income which forms an integral part of the effective interest rate of a financial instrument is recognized as an adjustment to the effective interest rate.
In addition to these general principles, the following specific policies are also applied:
Underwriting and advisory fees are earned on debt and equity securities placements and transaction-based advisory services. Underwriting fees are typically recognized at the point in time when the transaction is completed. Advisory fees are generally recognized as revenue over the period of the engagement as the related services are provided or at the point in time when the transaction is completed.
Deposit and payment fees arise from personal and business deposit accounts and cash management services. Monthly and annual fees are recognized over the period that the related services are provided. Transactional fees are recognized at the point in time when the related services are provided.
Credit fees consist of loan syndication fees, loan commitment fees, letter of credit fees, bankers acceptance stamping fees, and securitization fees. Credit fees are generally recognized over the period that the related services are provided, except for loan syndication fees, which are typically recognized at the point in time that the financing placement is completed.
Card fees primarily include interchange income, overlimit fees, cash advance fees, and annual fees. Card fees are recognized at the point in time that the related services are provided, except for annual fees, which are recognized over the 12-month period to which they relate. The cost of credit card loyalty points is recognized as a reduction of interchange income when the loyalty points are issued for both self-managed and third-party loyalty points programs. Credit card loyalty point liabilities are recognized for self-managed loyalty point programs and are subject to periodic remeasurement to reflect the expected cost of redemption as this expectation changes over time.
Commissions on securities transactions include brokerage commissions for transactions executed on behalf of clients, trailer fees and mutual fund sales commissions. Brokerage commissions and mutual fund sales commissions are generally recognized at the point in time that the related transaction is executed. Trailer fees are typically calculated based upon the average daily net asset value of the mutual fund units held by clients and are recognized over time as the related services are provided.
Investment management fees are primarily based on the respective value of the assets under management (AUM) or assets under administration (AUA) and are recognized over the period that the related services are provided. Investment management fees relating to our asset management and private wealth management business are generally calculated based on point-in-time AUM balances, and investment management fees relating to our retail brokerage business are generally calculated based on point-in-time AUM or AUA balances. Custodial fees are recognized as revenue over the applicable service period, which is generally the contract term.
Mutual fund fees include management fees and administration fees, which are earned on fund management services and are recognized over the period that the mutual funds are managed based upon a specified percentage of the daily net asset values of the respective mutual funds. In certain circumstances, CIBC may, on a discretionary basis, elect to absorb certain expenses that would otherwise be payable by the mutual funds directly. These expenses are recognized in Non-interest expenses on the consolidated statement of income.
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform
Various interest rate and other indices that are deemed to be benchmarks including the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) are the subject of international regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. Regulators in various jurisdictions have advocated for the transition from Interbank Offered Rates (IBORs) to alternative benchmark rates (alternative rates), based upon risk-free rates determined using actual market transactions.
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Following the previous announcements by various regulators, the publication of LIBOR settings for all sterling, Japanese yen, Swiss franc and euro, as well as 1-week and 2-month USD LIBOR settings was discontinued on December 31, 2021. The remaining USD LIBOR settings will cease to be published after June 30, 2023. In March 2022, the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act was enacted in the U.S., which allows for contracts that do not contain adequate fallback provisions to automatically transition to Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) upon the cessation of USD LIBOR. The enactment of this legislation is a positive step towards facilitating the remediation efforts for USD LIBOR exposures.
In December 2021, the Canadian Alternative Reference Rate working group (CARR) recommended to Refinitiv Benchmark Services (UK) Limited (RBSL), the Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (CDOR) administrator, to cease the calculation and publication of CDOR after June 30, 2024 and proposed a two-staged approach to the transition from CDOR to Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average (CORRA). Following public consultation, on May 16, 2022, RBSL announced that it will permanently cease the publication and calculation of all remaining tenors of CDOR after June 28, 2024. Following this announcement, OSFI published its expectations for CDOR transition which is consistent with the two-stage transition approach proposed by CARR. OSFI expects all new derivatives and securities to transition to the alternative rates by June 30, 2023, with no new CDOR exposures after that date, with limited exceptions. OSFI also expects all loan agreements referencing CDOR to be transitioned by June 28, 2024, and federally regulated financial institutions to prioritize system and model updates to accommodate the use of CORRA prior to June 28, 2024.
IASB has addressed the impact of IBOR reform on financial reporting by issuing Phase 1 and Phase 2 amendments. We have adopted Phase 1 and Phase 2 amendments effective November 1, 2019 and November 1, 2020, respectively. Phase 1 amendments provide temporary relief for specific hedge accounting requirements to address uncertainties in the period prior to replacement of IBORs, and provide specific disclosure requirements for the affected hedging relationships. Phase 2 amendments address issues that affect financial reporting once an existing rate is replaced with an alternative rate and conclude the IASBs amendments to financial reporting standards due to the effects of interest rate benchmark reform. The Phase 2 amendments permit modifications of amortized cost financial assets and financial liabilities that are made as a direct consequence of IBOR reform and on an economically equivalent basis to be accounted for by updating the effective interest rate prospectively with no immediate gain or loss recognition. See Derivatives used for ALM purposes that qualify for hedge accounting for further details on temporary relief provided by IASB.
As IBORs are widely referenced by large volumes of derivative, loan and cash products, the transition presents a number of risks to us, and the industry as a whole. These transition risks include market risk (as new basis risks emerge), model risk, operational risk (as processes are changed or newly introduced), legal risk (as contracts are revised) and conduct risk (in ensuring clients are adequately informed/prepared). In response to the reforms to interest rate benchmarks, we have established an Enterprise IBOR Transition Program (Program), which is supported by a formal governance structure and dedicated working groups that include stakeholders from frontline businesses as well as functional groups such as Treasury, Technology and Operations, Risk Management, Legal and Finance, to manage and coordinate all aspects of the transition, including the identification and mitigation of the risks. An IBOR Steering Committee has been established with responsibility for oversight and execution of the Program. The IBOR Steering Committee manages the impact of the transition risks through appropriate mitigating actions. We also continue to engage with industry associations to incorporate recent developments into our project plan. The Program provides regular updates to the senior management including the Executive Committee, and the Board.
As a part of the Program and consistent with regulatory expectations, we have completed the transition of our non-USD LIBOR and 1-week and 2-month USD LIBOR referenced contracts, and no new USD LIBOR products were originated after December 31, 2021 with limited permitted exceptions. We are in the process of transitioning our remaining USD LIBOR based contracts to the alternative rates by incorporating appropriate fallback provisions or making amendments to contracts to reference alternative rates, and have developed business processes to support the transition. We are also working with clearing houses to prepare for the transition of our USD LIBOR referenced derivatives to alternative rates, ahead of the expected cessation of USD LIBOR. The Program is also assessing the impact of the cessation of CDOR on our operations and is developing plans to facilitate the transition of CDOR to alternative rates. As part of the Program, we continue to engage with industry associations on ongoing developments, and continue to incorporate these into our project plan and make information available to our clients, advising them on recent developments.
The following table presents the approximate notional amounts of our derivatives and the gross outstanding balances of our non-derivative financial assets and financial liabilities that are indexed to USD LIBOR and CDOR with a maturity date beyond June 30, 2023 for USD LIBOR, and June 28, 2024 for CDOR, that are expected to be affected by IBOR reform.
Notional/gross outstanding amounts (1)(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
October 31, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
(billions of Canadian dollars) | USD LIBOR | CDOR | USD LIBOR | CDOR | ||||||||||||||||
Maturing after June 30, 2023 |
Maturing after June 28, 2024 |
Maturing after June 30, 2023 |
Maturing after June 28, 2024 |
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Non-derivative financial assets |
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Securities |
$ | 1.6 | $ | 3.4 | $ | 1.6 | $ | 2.7 | ||||||||||||
Loans and customers liability under acceptances (3) |
33.6 | 20.0 | 36.9 | 10.3 | ||||||||||||||||
35.2 | 23.4 | 38.5 | 13.0 | |||||||||||||||||
Non-derivative financial liabilities |
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Secured borrowing deposits and subordinated indebtedness (4) |
0.1 | 6.5 | 0.1 | 6.3 | ||||||||||||||||
Other deposits and acceptances (3) |
1.1 | 7.1 | 1.0 | 3.8 | ||||||||||||||||
1.2 | 13.6 | 1.1 | 10.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Derivatives (5) |
866.9 | 1,757.9 | 735.7 | 1,341.6 |
(1) | The table excludes undrawn loan commitments. As at October 31, 2022, the total outstanding undrawn loan commitments that are denominated in U.S. dollars and are potentially subject to USD LIBOR transition with a maturity date beyond June 30, 2023 are estimated to be $22.6 billion, and the total outstanding undrawn loan commitments that are denominated in Canadian dollars and are potentially subject to CDOR transition with a maturity date beyond June 28, 2024 are estimated to be $24.7 billion. A portion of these commitments can also be drawn in other benchmark rates. |
(2) | Includes exposures for which fallback provisions have been incorporated. |
(3) | Includes exposures referenced to the 1-month and 3-month Bankers Acceptance rates. |
(4) | Includes subordinated indebtedness with redemption dates either prior to or after June 28, 2024, which will be repriced based on CDOR and mature after June 28, 2024 to the extent that they are not redeemed. |
(5) | As at October 31, 2022, the notional amount of our derivatives in designated hedge accounting relationships that are indexed to USD LIBOR with a maturity date beyond June 30, 2023 was approximately $46.2 billion and CDOR with a maturity date beyond June 28, 2024, was approximately $151.9 billion. For cross-currency swaps and basis swaps for which either leg is indexed to USD LIBOR or CDOR, the notional amount of each leg has been included in the table above and in the notional amount of our derivatives in designated hedge accounting relationships that are indexed to USD LIBOR or CDOR, respectively. |
Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (Conceptual Framework)
The Conceptual Framework sets out the fundamental concepts that underlie the preparation and presentation of financial statements and serves to guide the IASB in developing IFRS standards. The Conceptual Framework is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2020. As a result, CIBC adopted the Conceptual Framework as at November 1, 2020.
There was no impact to our consolidated financial statements and no changes in our accounting policies as a result of adopting the Conceptual Framework.
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Consolidated financial statements |
Note 2 |
Fair value measurement |
This note presents the fair values of financial instruments and explains how we determine those values. Note 1, Basis of preparation and summary of significant accounting policies, sets out the accounting treatment for each measurement category of financial instruments.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, between market participants in an orderly transaction in the principal market at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e., the exit price). The determination of fair value requires judgment and is based on market information, where available and appropriate. Fair value measurements are categorized into three levels within a fair value hierarchy (Level 1, 2 or 3) based on the valuation inputs used in measuring the fair value, as outlined below.
| Level 1 Unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities we can access at the measurement date. Bid prices, ask prices or prices within the bid and ask, which are the most representative of the fair value, are used as appropriate to measure fair value. Fair value is best evidenced by an independent quoted market price for the same instrument in an active market. An active market is one where transactions are occurring with sufficient frequency and volume to provide quoted prices on an ongoing basis. |
| Level 2 Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are inactive or observable market quotes for similar instruments, or use of valuation techniques where all significant inputs are observable. Inactive markets may be characterized by a significant decline in the volume and level of observed trading activity or through large or erratic bid/offer spreads. In instances where traded markets do not exist or are not considered sufficiently active, we measure fair value using valuation models. |
| Level 3 Non-observable or indicative prices or use of valuation techniques where one or more significant inputs are non-observable. |
For a significant portion of our financial instruments, quoted market prices are not available because of the lack of traded markets, and even where such markets do exist, they may not be considered sufficiently active to be used as a final determinant of fair value. When quoted market prices in active markets are not available, we would consider using valuation models. The valuation model and technique we select maximizes the use of observable market inputs to the extent possible and appropriate in order to estimate the price at which an orderly transaction would take place at the measurement date. In an inactive market, we consider all reasonably available information, including any available pricing for similar instruments, recent arms-length market transactions, any relevant observable market inputs, indicative dealer or broker quotations, and our own internal model-based estimates.
Valuation adjustments are an integral component of our fair valuation process. We apply judgment in establishing valuation adjustments that take into account various factors that may have an impact on the valuation. Such factors primarily include, but are not limited to, the bid-offer spreads, illiquidity due to lack of market depth, parameter uncertainty and other market risk, model risk and credit risk of our derivative assets and liabilities, as well as adjustments for valuing our uncollateralized derivative assets and liabilities based on an estimated market cost of funds curve.
Generally, the unit of account for a financial instrument is the individual instrument, and valuation adjustments are applied at an individual instrument level, consistent with that unit of account. In cases where we manage a group of financial assets and liabilities that consist of substantially similar and offsetting risk exposures, the fair value of the group of financial assets and liabilities is measured on the basis of the net open risks.
We apply judgment in determining the most appropriate inputs and the weighting we ascribe to each such input as well as in our selection of valuation methodologies. Regardless of the valuation technique we use, we incorporate assumptions that we believe market participants would make for credit, funding, and liquidity considerations. When the fair value of a financial instrument at inception is determined using a valuation technique that incorporates one or more significant inputs that are non-observable, no inception profit or loss (the difference between the determined fair value and the transaction price) is recognized at the time the asset or liability is initially recorded. Any gains or losses at inception are deferred and recognized only in future periods over the term of the instruments or when the inputs become significantly observable.
We have an ongoing process for evaluating and enhancing our valuation techniques and models. Where enhancements are made, they are applied prospectively, so that fair values reported in prior periods are not recalculated on the new basis. Valuation models used, including analytics for the construction of yield curves and volatility surfaces, are vetted and approved, consistent with our model risk policy.
To ensure that valuations are appropriate, we have established internal guidance on fair value measurement, which is reviewed periodically in recognition of the dynamic nature of markets and the constantly evolving pricing practices in the market. A number of policies and controls are put in place to ensure that the internal guidance on fair value measurement is being applied consistently and appropriately, including independent validation of valuation inputs to external sources such as exchange quotes, broker quotes or other management-approved independent pricing sources. Key model inputs, such as yield curves and volatilities, are independently verified. The results from the independent price validation and any valuation adjustments are reviewed by the Independent Price Verification Committee on a monthly basis. This includes, but is not limited to, reviewing fair value adjustments and methodologies, independent price verification results, limits and valuation uncertainty.
Due to the judgment used in applying a wide variety of acceptable valuation techniques and models, as well as the use of estimates inherent in this process, estimates of fair value for the same or similar assets may differ among financial institutions. The calculation of fair value is based on market conditions as at each consolidated balance sheet date and may not be reflective of ultimate realizable value.
Methods and assumptions
Financial instruments with fair value equal to carrying value
For financial instruments that are not carried on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value and where we consider the carrying value to be a reasonable approximation of fair value due to their short-term nature and generally negligible credit risk, the fair values disclosed for these financial instruments are assumed to equal their carrying values. These financial instruments are: cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks; short-term interest-bearing deposits with banks; cash collateral on securities borrowed; securities purchased under resale agreements; customers liability under acceptances; cash collateral on securities lent; obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements; acceptances; deposits with demand features; and certain other financial assets and liabilities.
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Securities
The fair value of debt or equity securities and obligations related to securities sold short is based on quoted bid or ask market prices where available in an active market.
Securities for which quotes in an active market are not available are valued using all reasonably available market information as described below.
The fair value of government issued or guaranteed securities that are not traded in an active market is calculated by applying valuation techniques such as discounted cash flow models using implied yields derived from the prices of actively traded government securities and most recently observable spread differentials.
The fair value of corporate debt securities is determined using the most recently executed transaction prices, and where appropriate, adjusted to the price of these securities obtained from independent dealers, brokers, and third-party multi-contributor consensus pricing sources. When observable price quotations are not available, fair value is determined based on discounted cash flow models using observable discounting curves such as benchmark and government yield curves and spread differentials observed through independent dealers, brokers, and third-party multi-contributor consensus pricing sources.
Asset-backed securities (ABS) and mortgage-backed securities (MBS) not issued or guaranteed by a government are valued using discounted cash flow models making maximum use of market observable inputs, such as broker quotes on identical or similar securities and other pricing information obtained from third-party pricing sources adjusted for the characteristics and the performance of the underlying collateral. Other key inputs used include prepayment and liquidation rates, credit spreads, and discount rates commensurate with the risks involved. These assumptions factor in information that is derived from actual transactions, underlying reference asset performance, external market research, and market indices, where appropriate.
Privately issued debt and equity securities are valued using recent market transactions, where available. Otherwise, fair values are derived from valuation models using a market or income approach. These models consider various factors, including projected cash flows, earnings, revenue or other third-party evidence as available. The fair value of limited partnership investments is based upon net asset values published by third-party fund managers and is adjusted for more recent information where available and appropriate. The carrying value of Community Reinvestment Act equity investments and Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock approximates fair value.
Loans
The fair value of variable-rate loans and loans for which interest rates are repriced or reset frequently is assumed to be equal to their carrying value. The fair value for fixed-rate loans is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that uses market interest rates.
The ultimate fair value of loans disclosed is net of the associated allowance for credit losses. The fair value of loans is not adjusted for the value of any credit derivatives used to manage the credit risk associated with them. The fair value of these credit derivatives is disclosed separately.
Securities purchased under resale agreements or sold under repurchase agreements
The fair values of these contracts are determined using valuation techniques such as the discounted cash flow method using interest rate curves as inputs.
Other assets and other liabilities
Other assets and other liabilities mainly comprise accrued interest receivable or payable, brokers client accounts receivable or payable, derivative collateral receivable or payable, precious metals and accounts receivable or payable.
The fair values of other assets and other liabilities are primarily assumed to be at cost or amortized cost as we consider the carrying value to be a reasonable approximation of fair value, except for the fair value of precious metals, which is quoted in an active market. Other assets also include investment in bank-owned life insurance carried at the cash surrender value, which is assumed to be a reasonable approximation of fair value.
Deposits
The fair values of floating-rate deposits and demand deposits are assumed to be equal to their amortized cost. The fair value of fixed-rate deposits is determined by discounting the contractual cash flows using either current market interest rates with similar remaining terms or rates estimated using internal models and broker quotes. The fair value of deposit notes issued to CIBC Capital Trust is determined by reference to the quoted market prices of CIBC Tier 1 Notes Series B issued by CIBC Capital Trust. The fair value of deposit liabilities with embedded optionality includes the fair value of those options. The fair value of equity- and commodity-linked notes includes the fair value of embedded equity and commodity derivatives.
Certain deposits designated at FVTPL are structured notes that have coupons or repayment terms linked to the performance of commodities, debt or equity securities or specific market indices. The fair value of these structured notes is estimated using internally vetted valuation models for the debt and embedded derivative portions of the notes by incorporating market observable prices of the referenced securities or comparable securities, and other inputs such as interest rate yield curves, equity prices or indices, market volatility levels, foreign exchange rates and changes in our own credit risk, where appropriate. Where observable prices or inputs are not available, management judgment is required to determine fair values by assessing other relevant sources of information such as historical data, proxy information from similar transactions, and through extrapolation and interpolation techniques. Appropriate market risk valuation adjustments for such inputs are assessed in all such instances.
The fair value of secured borrowings, which comprises liabilities issued by or as a result of activities associated with the securitization of residential mortgages, the Covered Bond Programme, and consolidated securitization vehicles, is based on identical or proxy market observable quoted bond prices or determined by discounting the contractual cash flows using maximum market observable inputs, such as market interest rates, or credit spreads implied by debt instruments of similar credit quality, as appropriate.
Subordinated indebtedness
The fair value of subordinated indebtedness is determined by reference to market prices for the same or similar debt instruments.
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Consolidated financial statements |
Derivative instruments
The fair value of exchange-traded derivatives such as options and futures is based on quoted market prices. OTC derivatives primarily consist of interest rate swaps, foreign exchange forwards, equity and commodity derivatives, interest rate and currency derivatives, and credit derivatives. For such instruments, where quoted market prices or third-party consensus pricing information are not available, valuation techniques are employed to estimate fair value on the basis of pricing models. Such vetted pricing models incorporate current market measures for interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity and commodity prices and indices, credit spreads, corresponding market volatility levels, and other market-based pricing factors.
In order to reflect the observed market practice of pricing collateralized and uncollateralized derivatives, our valuation approach uses overnight indexed swap (OIS) curves as the discount rate for valuing collateralized derivatives and uses an estimated market cost of funds curve as the discount rate for valuing uncollateralized derivatives. Uncollateralized derivatives are valued based on an estimated market cost of funds curve, which reduces the fair value of uncollateralized derivative assets incremental to the reduction in fair value for credit risk already reflected through the credit valuation adjustment (CVA). In contrast, the use of a market cost of funds curve reduces the fair value of uncollateralized derivative liabilities in a manner that generally includes adjustments for our own credit. As market practices continue to evolve in regard to derivative valuation, further adjustments may be required in the future.
In addition to reflecting estimated market funding costs in our valuation of uncollateralized derivative receivables, we also consider whether a CVA is required to recognize the risk that any given derivative counterparty may not ultimately be able to fulfill its obligations. The CVA is driven off market-observed credit spreads or proxy credit spreads and our assessment of the net counterparty credit risk (CCR) exposure. In assessing this exposure, we also take into account credit mitigants such as collateral, master netting arrangements, and settlements through clearing houses. As noted above, the fair value of uncollateralized derivative liabilities based on market cost of funding generally includes adjustments for our own credit.
In determining the fair value of complex and customized derivatives, such as equity, credit, and commodity derivatives written in reference to indices or baskets of reference, we consider all reasonably available information including any relevant observable market inputs, third-party consensus pricing inputs, indicative dealer and broker quotations, and our own internal model-based estimates, which are vetted and approved in accordance with our model risk policy, and are regularly and periodically calibrated. The model calculates fair value based on inputs specific to the type of contract, which may include stock prices, correlation for multiple assets, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, yield curves, volatility surfaces, and the probability of early termination. Where observable prices or inputs are not available, management judgment is required to determine fair values by assessing other relevant sources of information such as historical data, proxy information from similar transactions, and through extrapolation and interpolation techniques. Appropriate parameter uncertainty and market risk valuation adjustments for such inputs and other model risk valuation adjustments are assessed in all such instances.
Mortgage commitments
The fair value of mortgage commitments designated at FVTPL is for fixed-rate residential mortgage commitments and is based on changes in market interest rates for the loans between the commitment and the consolidated balance sheet dates. The valuation model takes into account the expected probability that outstanding commitments will be exercised as well as the length of time the commitment is offered.
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Consolidated financial statements |
Fair value of financial instruments
Carrying value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31 | Amortized cost |
Mandatorily measured at FVTPL |
Designated at FVTPL |
Fair value OCI |
Total | Fair value |
Fair value over (under) carrying value |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
Financial assets |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and deposits with banks |
$ | 62,193 | $ | 1,668 | $ | | $ | | $ | 63,861 | $ | 63,861 | $ | | ||||||||||||||||
Securities |
52,484 | 67,296 | | 56,099 | 175,879 | 173,663 | (2,216 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash collateral on securities borrowed |
15,326 | | | | 15,326 | 15,326 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under resale agreements |
53,626 | 15,587 | | | 69,213 | 69,213 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
269,409 | 4 | | | 269,413 | 262,865 | (6,548 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
44,527 | | | | 44,527 | 44,394 | (133 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit card |
15,695 | | | | 15,695 | 15,775 | 80 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
186,485 | 758 | 205 | | 187,448 | 186,967 | (481 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
| 43,035 | | | 43,035 | 43,035 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Customers liability under acceptances |
11,574 | | | | 11,574 | 11,574 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets | 26,387 | | | | 26,387 | 26,387 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
$ | 220,244 | $ | | $ | 11,851 | $ | | $ | 232,095 | $ | 231,532 | $ | (563 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Business and government |
383,502 | | 13,686 | | 397,188 | 397,145 | (43 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Bank |
22,523 | | | | 22,523 | 22,523 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Secured borrowings |
44,110 | | 1,656 | | 45,766 | 45,507 | (259 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments | | 52,340 | | | 52,340 | 52,340 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Acceptances | 11,586 | | | | 11,586 | 11,586 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold short |
| 15,284 | | | 15,284 | 15,284 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash collateral on securities lent |
4,853 | | | | 4,853 | 4,853 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements |
73,084 | | 4,087 | | 77,171 | 77,171 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities | 19,830 | 102 | 22 | | 19,954 | 19,954 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness | 6,292 | | | | 6,292 | 6,329 | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 |
Financial assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and deposits with banks |
$ | 56,701 | $ | 296 | $ | | $ | | $ | 56,997 | $ | 56,997 | $ | | ||||||||||||||||
Securities |
35,159 | 72,192 | 53 | 53,997 | 161,401 | 161,712 | 311 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash collateral on securities borrowed |
12,368 | | | | 12,368 | 12,368 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under resale agreements |
60,482 | 7,090 | | | 67,572 | 67,572 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
251,230 | 16 | | | 251,246 | 249,786 | (1,460 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
41,129 | | | | 41,129 | 41,114 | (15 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit card |
10,509 | | | | 10,509 | 10,509 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government (1) |
123,054 | 25,651 | 332 | | 149,037 | 148,960 | (77 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
| 35,912 | | | 35,912 | 35,912 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Customers liability under acceptances |
10,958 | | | | 10,958 | 10,958 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets | 21,054 | | | | 21,054 | 21,054 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
$ | 205,461 | $ | | $ | 8,471 | $ | | $ | 213,932 | $ | 213,949 | $ | 17 | ||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
334,632 | | 9,756 | | 344,388 | 345,533 | 1,145 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Bank |
20,246 | | | | 20,246 | 20,246 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Secured borrowings |
41,539 | | 1,053 | | 42,592 | 42,838 | 246 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
| 32,101 | | | 32,101 | 32,101 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Acceptances |
10,961 | | | | 10,961 | 10,961 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold short |
| 22,790 | | | 22,790 | 22,790 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash collateral on securities lent |
2,463 | | | | 2,463 | 2,463 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements |
67,905 | | 3,975 | | 71,880 | 71,880 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
16,854 | 113 | 51 | | 17,018 | 17,018 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness | 5,539 | | | | 5,539 | 5,820 | 281 |
(1) | Includes $24.8 billion of FVTPL loans that matured in 2022. |
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Consolidated financial statements |
Fair value of derivative instruments
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Positive | Negative | Net | Positive | Negative | Net | |||||||||||||||||||||
Held for trading |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
Forward rate agreements |
$ | | $ | 1 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 127 | $ | 79 | $ | 48 | ||||||||||||
Swap contracts |
6,688 | 12,762 | (6,074 | ) | 8,365 | 7,928 | 437 | |||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options |
491 | | 491 | 101 | | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Written options |
| 354 | (354 | ) | | 177 | (177 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
7,179 | 13,117 | (5,938 | ) | 8,593 | 8,184 | 409 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded |
Futures contracts |
3 | 1 | 2 | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options |
3 | | 3 | 3 | | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 1 | 5 | 3 | | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total interest rate derivatives |
7,185 | 13,118 | (5,933 | ) | 8,596 | 8,184 | 412 | |||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
Forward contracts |
10,650 | 11,798 | (1,148 | ) | 5,373 | 5,555 | (182 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Swap contracts |
8,252 | 10,198 | (1,946 | ) | 5,214 | 3,600 | 1,614 | |||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options |
561 | | 561 | 293 | | 293 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Written options |
| 481 | (481 | ) | | 203 | (203 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total foreign exchange derivatives |
19,463 | 22,477 | (3,014 | ) | 10,880 | 9,358 | 1,522 | |||||||||||||||||||
Credit derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
Credit default swap contracts protection purchased |
53 | 12 | 41 | 50 | 58 | (8 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swap contracts protection sold |
6 | 51 | (45 | ) | 3 | 45 | (42 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total credit derivatives |
59 | 63 | (4 | ) | 53 | 103 | (50 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Equity derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
2,338 | 3,110 | (772 | ) | 1,842 | 5,356 | (3,514 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded |
2,775 | 3,220 | (445 | ) | 4,650 | 3,422 | 1,228 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total equity derivatives |
5,113 | 6,330 | (1,217 | ) | 6,492 | 8,778 | (2,286 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Precious metal and other commodity derivatives (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
8,163 | 2,989 | 5,174 | 8,283 | 2,495 | 5,788 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded |
118 | 1,301 | (1,183 | ) | 343 | 1,122 | (779 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total precious metal and other commodity derivatives |
8,281 | 4,290 | 3,991 | 8,626 | 3,617 | 5,009 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total held for trading |
40,101 | 46,278 | (6,177 | ) | 34,647 | 30,040 | 4,607 | |||||||||||||||||||
Held for ALM |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
Forward rate agreements |
696 | 62 | 634 | 148 | 37 | 111 | |||||||||||||||||||
Swap contracts |
391 | 1,194 | (803 | ) | 236 | 341 | (105 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options |
1 | | 1 | 6 | | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Written options |
| 10 | (10 | ) | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Total interest rate derivatives |
1,088 | 1,266 | (178 | ) | 390 | 378 | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
Forward contracts |
29 | 129 | (100 | ) | 22 | 40 | (18 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Swap contracts |
1,805 | 4,623 | (2,818 | ) | 805 | 1,641 | (836 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total foreign exchange derivatives |
1,834 | 4,752 | (2,918 | ) | 827 | 1,681 | (854 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
Credit default swap contracts protection purchased |
| | | | 1 | (1 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total credit derivatives |
| | | | 1 | (1 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Equity derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
12 | 44 | (32 | ) | 48 | 1 | 47 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total equity derivatives |
12 | 44 | (32 | ) | 48 | 1 | 47 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total held for ALM |
2,934 | 6,062 | (3,128 | ) | 1,265 | 2,061 | (796 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total fair value |
43,035 | 52,340 | (9,305 | ) | 35,912 | 32,101 | 3,811 | |||||||||||||||||||
Less: effect of netting |
(25,999 | ) | (25,999 | ) | | (16,585 | ) | (16,585 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||
$ | 17,036 | $ | 26,341 | $ | (9,305 | ) | $ | 19,327 | $ | 15,516 | $ | 3,811 |
(1) | Certain prior year information has been revised to conform to current year presentation. |
Financial assets and liabilities not carried on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value
The table below presents the fair values by level within the fair value hierarchy for those financial instruments in which fair value is not assumed to equal the carrying value:
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quoted market price | Valuation technique observable market inputs |
Valuation technique non-observable market inputs |
Total 2022 |
Total 2021 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortized cost securities |
$ | | $ | | $ | 49,576 | $ | 34,878 | $ | 692 | $ | 592 | $ | 50,268 | $ | 35,470 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
| | | | 262,861 | 249,770 | 262,861 | 249,770 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
| | | | 44,394 | 41,114 | 44,394 | 41,114 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit card |
| | | | 15,775 | 10,509 | 15,775 | 10,509 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
| | | | 186,004 | 122,977 | 186,004 | 122,977 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
$ | | $ | | $ | 62,636 | $ | 42,015 | $ | 1,899 | $ | 1,107 | $ | 64,535 | $ | 43,122 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
| | 179,182 | 146,442 | 1,766 | 2,222 | 180,948 | 148,664 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bank |
| | 10,724 | 9,751 | | | 10,724 | 9,751 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secured borrowings |
| | 40,913 | 40,050 | 2,938 | 1,735 | 43,851 | 41,785 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness |
| | 6,329 | 5,820 | | | 6,329 | 5,820 |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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137
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Consolidated financial statements |
Financial instruments carried on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value
The table below presents the fair values of financial instruments by level within the fair value hierarchy:
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quoted market price | Valuation technique observable market inputs |
Valuation technique non-observable market inputs |
Total 2022 |
Total 2021 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits with banks |
$ | | $ | | $ | 1,668 | $ | 296 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,668 | $ | 296 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt securities mandatorily measured and designated at FVTPL |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Government issued or guaranteed |
2,611 | 3,015 | 25,539 | (1) | 24,737 | (1) | | | 28,150 | 27,752 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt |
| | 3,609 | 3,997 | 2 | 2 | 3,611 | 3,999 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage- and asset-backed |
| | 3,656 | (2) | 2,235 | (2) | 207 | 55 | 3,863 | 2,290 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2,611 | 3,015 | 32,804 | 30,969 | 209 | 57 | 35,624 | 34,041 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans mandatorily measured at FVTPL |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
| | 276 | 24,945 | 687 | (3) | 1,038 | (3) | 963 | 25,983 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
| | 4 | 16 | | | 4 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | 280 | 24,961 | 687 | 1,038 | 967 | 25,999 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt securities measured at FVOCI |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Government issued or guaranteed |
4,888 | 5,309 | 42,200 | 38,122 | | | 47,088 | 43,431 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt |
| | 6,967 | 7,833 | | | 6,967 | 7,833 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage- and asset-backed |
| | 1,522 | 1,897 | | | 1,522 | 1,897 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4,888 | 5,309 | 50,689 | 47,852 | | | 55,577 | 53,161 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate equity mandatorily measured at FVTPL and designated at FVOCI (4) |
30,962 | 38,106 | 773 | 538 | 459 | 396 | 32,194 | 39,040 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under resale agreements |
| | 15,587 | 7,090 | | | 15,587 | 7,090 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate |
6 | 3 | 8,249 | 8,948 | 18 | 35 | 8,273 | 8,986 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange |
| | 21,297 | 11,707 | | | 21,297 | 11,707 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit |
| | 14 | 4 | 45 | 49 | 59 | 53 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity |
2,776 | 4,650 | 2,345 | 1,877 | 4 | 13 | 5,125 | 6,540 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Precious metal and other commodity (4) |
94 | 343 | 8,187 | 8,283 | | | 8,281 | 8,626 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2,876 | 4,996 | 40,092 | 30,819 | 67 | 97 | 43,035 | 35,912 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial assets |
$ | 41,337 | $ | 51,426 | $ | 141,893 | $ | 142,525 | $ | 1,422 | $ | 1,588 | $ | 184,652 | $ | 195,539 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits and other liabilities (5) |
$ | | $ | | $ | (26,908 | ) | $ | (18,702 | ) | $ | (409 | ) | $ | (742 | ) | $ | (27,317 | ) | $ | (19,444 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold short |
(5,499 | ) | (11,226 | ) | (9,785 | ) | (11,564 | ) | | | (15,284 | ) | (22,790 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold under |
| | (4,087 | ) | (3,975 | ) | | | (4,087 | ) | (3,975 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate |
(1 | ) | | (12,850 | ) | (8,426 | ) | (1,533 | ) | (136 | ) | (14,384 | ) | (8,562 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange |
| | (27,229 | ) | (11,039 | ) | | | (27,229 | ) | (11,039 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit |
| | (13 | ) | (50 | ) | (50 | ) | (54 | ) | (63 | ) | (104 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity |
(3,220 | ) | (3,422 | ) | (3,151 | ) | (5,280 | ) | (3 | ) | (77 | ) | (6,374 | ) | (8,779 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Precious metal and other commodity (4) |
(365 | ) | (1,122 | ) | (3,925 | ) | (2,495 | ) | | | (4,290 | ) | (3,617 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(3,586 | ) | (4,544 | ) | (47,168 | ) | (27,290 | ) | (1,586 | ) | (267 | ) | (52,340 | ) | (32,101 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial liabilities |
$ | (9,085 | ) | $ | (15,770 | ) | $ | (87,948 | ) | $ | (61,531 | ) | $ | (1,995 | ) | $ | (1,009 | ) | $ | (99,028 | ) | $ | (78,310 | ) |
(1) | Includes nil related to securities designated at FVTPL (2021: $49 million). |
(2) | Includes nil related to ABS designated at FVTPL (2021: $4 million). |
(3) | Includes $205 million related to loans designated at FVTPL (2021: $332 million). |
(4) | Certain prior year information has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. |
(5) | Comprises deposits designated at FVTPL of $26,802 million (2021: $18,530 million), net bifurcated embedded derivative liabilities of $391 million (2021: net bifurcated embedded derivative liabilities of $750 million), other liabilities designated at FVTPL of $22 million (2021: $51 million), and other financial liabilities measured at fair value of $102 million (2021: $113 million). |
Transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy are deemed to have occurred at the beginning of the year in which the transfer occurred. Transfers between levels can occur as a result of additional or new information regarding valuation inputs and changes in their observability. During the year, we transferred $1,287 million of securities mandatorily measured at FVTPL (2021: $19 million) from Level 1 to Level 2 and nil (2021: $2 million) from Level 2 to Level 1, $4,532 million of securities sold short (2021: nil) from Level 1 to Level 2 and nil of securities sold short (2021: nil) from Level 2 to Level 1 due to changes in the observability of the inputs used to value these securities. In addition, transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 were made during 2022 and 2021, primarily due to changes in the assessment of the observability of certain correlation, market volatility and probability inputs that were used in measuring the fair value of our fair value option liabilities and derivatives.
138 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
The following table presents the changes in fair value of financial assets and liabilities in Level 3. These instruments are measured at fair value utilizing non-observable market inputs. We often hedge positions with offsetting positions that may be classified in a different level. As a result, the gains and losses for assets and liabilities in the Level 3 category presented in the table below do not reflect the effect of offsetting gains and losses on the related hedging instruments that are classified in Level 1 and Level 2.
Net gains (losses) included in income (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | Opening balance |
Realized (2) | Unrealized (2)(3) | Net gains (losses) included in OCI (4) |
Transfer in to Level 3 |
Transfer out of Level 3 |
Purchases/ Issuances |
Sales/ Settlements |
Closing balance |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt securities mandatorily measured and designated at FVTPL |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt |
$ | 2 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage- and asset-backed |
55 | | | | | | 205 | (53 | ) | 207 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans mandatorily measured at FVTPL |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
1,038 | | (15 | ) | 59 | | | 58 | (453 | ) | 687 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate equity mandatorily measured at |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FVTPL and designated at FVOCI (5) |
396 | 11 | 53 | (21 | ) | | | 102 | (82 | ) | 459 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate |
35 | | (46 | ) | | 27 | | 1 | 1 | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit |
49 | (8 | ) | 4 | | | | | | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity |
13 | 1 | (2 | ) | | 12 | (21 | ) | 3 | (2 | ) | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 1,588 | $ | 4 | $ | (6 | ) | $ | 38 | $ | 39 | $ | (21 | ) | $ | 369 | $ | (589 | ) | $ | 1,422 | |||||||||||||||
Deposits and other liabilities (6) |
$ | (742 | ) | $ | (68 | ) | $ | 58 | $ | | $ | | $ | 3 | $ | (131 | ) | $ | 471 | $ | (409 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate |
(136 | ) | | (1,288 | ) | | | 11 | (95 | ) | (25 | ) | (1,533 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit |
(54 | ) | 8 | (4 | ) | | | | | | (50 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity |
(77 | ) | 4 | (15 | ) | | (1 | ) | 75 | (5 | ) | 16 | (3 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
$ | (1,009 | ) | $ | (56 | ) | $ | (1,249 | ) | $ | | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 89 | $ | (231 | ) | $ | 462 | $ | (1,995 | ) | ||||||||||||
2021 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt securities mandatorily measured and designated at FVTPL |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt |
$ | 25 | $ | | $ | 13 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 2 | $ | (38 | ) | $ | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgage- and asset-backed |
135 | | | | | | 44 | (124 | ) | 55 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans mandatorily measured at FVTPL |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
626 | | (3 | ) | (51 | ) | | | 556 | (90 | ) | 1,038 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate equity mandatorily measured at |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FVTPL and designated at FVOCI (5) |
256 | | (5 | ) | 80 | | | 160 | (95 | ) | 396 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate |
48 | | 1 | | | (2 | ) | 3 | (15 | ) | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit |
98 | (22 | ) | (27 | ) | | | | | | 49 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity |
212 | (3 | ) | 2 | | | (32 | ) | 10 | (176 | ) | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 1,400 | $ | (25 | ) | $ | (19 | ) | $ | 29 | $ | | $ | (34 | ) | $ | 775 | $ | (538 | ) | $ | 1,588 | ||||||||||||||
Deposits and other liabilities (6) |
$ | 4 | $ | (340 | ) | $ | (541 | ) | $ | | $ | (15 | ) | $ | (14 | ) | $ | (93 | ) | $ | 257 | $ | (742 | ) | ||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate |
(28 | ) | | (28 | ) | | (26 | ) | (6 | ) | (31 | ) | (17 | ) | (136 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Credit |
(107 | ) | 22 | 34 | | | | | (3 | ) | (54 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity |
(163 | ) | (41 | ) | (6 | ) | | | 58 | (69 | ) | 144 | (77 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
$ | (294 | ) | $ | (359 | ) | $ | (541 | ) | $ | | $ | (41 | ) | $ | 38 | $ | (193 | ) | $ | 381 | $ | (1,009 | ) |
(1) | Cumulative AOCI gains or losses related to equity securities designated at FVOCI are reclassified from AOCI to retained earnings at the time of disposal or derecognition. |
(2) | Includes foreign currency gains and losses related to debt securities measured at FVOCI. |
(3) | Comprises unrealized gains and losses relating to these assets and liabilities held at the end of the reporting year. |
(4) | Foreign exchange translation on loans mandatorily measured at FVTPL held by foreign operations and denominated in the same currency as the foreign operations is included in OCI. |
(5) | Certain prior year information has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. |
(6) | Includes deposits designated at FVTPL of $70 million (2021: $90 million), net bifurcated embedded derivative liabilities of $317 million (2021: net bifurcated embedded derivative liabilities of $601 million) and other liabilities designated at FVTPL of $22 million (2021: $51 million). |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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139
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Consolidated financial statements |
Quantitative information about significant non-observable inputs
Valuation techniques using one or more non-observable inputs are used for a number of financial instruments. The following table discloses the valuation techniques and quantitative information about the significant non-observable inputs used in Level 3 financial instruments:
Range of inputs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | Valuation techniques | Key non-observable inputs | Low | High | |||||||||||||||||||
Securities mandatorily measured and designated at FVTPL |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt (1) |
$ | 2 | Discounted cash flow | Discount rate | 6.9 | % | 6.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Mortgage- and asset-backed |
207 | Discounted cash flow | Credit spread | 5.4 | % | 5.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Market proxy or direct broker quote | Market proxy or direct broker quote | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate equity mandatorily measured at FVTPL and designated at FVOCI |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Limited partnerships and private companies (1) |
459 | Adjusted net asset value | (2) | Net asset value | (3) | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||
Valuation multiple | Earnings multiple | 7.9 | x | 9.8 | x | |||||||||||||||||||
Proxy share price | Proxy share price | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||
Loans mandatorily measured at FVTPL Business and government |
687 | Discounted cash flow | Credit spread | 0.6 | % | 2.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate |
18 | Proprietary model | (4) | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||||||
Option model | Market volatility | 48.8 | % | 162.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Probability assumption | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Credit |
45 | Market proxy or direct broker quote | Market proxy or direct broker quote | | % | 40.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Equity |
4 | Option model | Market correlation | 46.8 | % | 98.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 1,422 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits and other liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits designated at FVTPL and net bifurcated embedded derivative liabilities |
$ | (387 | ) | Option model | Market volatility | 17.3 | % | 30.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
Market correlation | (100.0 | )% | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities designated at FVTPL |
(22 | ) | Option model | Funding ratio | 40.2 | % | 40.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate |
(1,533 | ) | Proprietary model | (4) | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||
Option model | Market volatility | 48.8 | % | 162.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Probability assumption | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Credit |
(50 | ) | Market proxy or direct broker quote | Market proxy or direct broker quote | | % | 40.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Equity |
(3 | ) | Option model | Market correlation | 35.4 | % | 98.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
$ | (1,995 | ) |
(1) | Certain prior year information has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. |
(2) | Adjusted net asset value is determined using reported net asset values obtained from the fund manager or general partner of the limited partnership or the limited liability company and may be adjusted for current market levels where appropriate. |
(3) | The range of net asset value price or proxy share price has not been disclosed due to the wide range and diverse nature of the investments. |
(4) | Using valuation techniques that we consider to be non-observable. |
n/a | Not applicable. |
Sensitivity of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities
The following section describes the significant non-observable inputs identified in the table above, the interrelationships between those inputs, where applicable, and the change in fair value if changing one or more of the non-observable inputs within a reasonably possible range would impact the fair value significantly.
The fair value of our limited partnerships is determined based on the net asset value provided by the fund managers, adjusted as appropriate. The fair value of limited partnerships is sensitive to changes in the net asset value, and by adjusting the net asset value within a reasonably possible range, the aggregate fair value of our limited partnerships would increase or decrease by $109 million (2021: $90 million).
While our standalone derivatives are recorded as derivative assets or derivative liabilities, our derivatives embedded in our structured note deposit liabilities or deposit liabilities designated at FVTPL are recorded within deposits and other liabilities. The determination of the fair value of certain Level 3 embedded derivatives and certain standalone derivatives requires significant assumptions and judgment to be applied to both the inputs and the valuation techniques employed. These derivatives are sensitive to long-dated market volatility and correlation inputs, which we consider to be non-observable. Market volatility is a measure of the anticipated future variability of a market price and is an important input for pricing options, which are inherent in many of our Level 3 derivatives. A higher market volatility generally results in a higher option price, with all else held constant, due to the higher probability of obtaining a greater return from the option, and results in an increase in the fair value of our Level 3 derivatives. Correlation inputs are used to value those derivatives where the payout is dependent upon more than one market price. For example, the payout of an equity basket option is based upon the performance of a basket of stocks, and the interrelationships between the price movements of those stocks. A positive correlation implies that two inputs tend to change the fair value in the same direction, while a negative correlation implies that two inputs tend to change the fair value in the opposite direction. Changes in market correlation could result in an increase or a decrease in the fair value of our Level 3 derivatives and embedded derivatives. By adjusting the non-observable inputs by reasonably alternative amounts, the fair value of our net Level 3 standalone derivatives and embedded derivatives would increase by $128 million or decrease by $127 million (2021: increase by $95 million or decrease by $86 million).
For certain interest rate derivatives, the probability of early termination was a significant Level 3 valuation input. By increasing the probability of early termination by 10%, the fair value of those derivatives in an asset position would decrease by less than $1 million, while the fair value of those derivatives in a liability position would decrease by up to $62 million.
140 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Financial instruments designated at FVTPL
Financial assets designated at FVTPL include certain debt securities and loans that were designated at FVTPL on the basis of being managed together with derivatives to eliminate or significantly reduce financial risks.
Deposits and other liabilities designated at FVTPL include:
| Certain business and government deposit liabilities, certain secured borrowings and certain obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements that are economically hedged with derivatives and other financial instruments, and certain financial liabilities that have one or more embedded derivatives that significantly modify the cash flows of the host liability but are not bifurcated from the host instrument; and |
| Our mortgage commitments to retail clients to provide mortgages at fixed rates that are economically hedged with derivatives and other financial instruments. |
The carrying value of our securities designated at FVTPL represents our maximum exposure to credit risk related to these assets designated at FVTPL. The change in fair value attributable to change in credit risk of these assets designated at FVTPL during the year is insignificant (2021: insignificant). The fair value of a liability designated at FVTPL reflects the credit risk relating to that liability. For those liabilities designated at FVTPL for which we believe changes in our credit risk would impact the fair value from the note holders perspective, the related fair value changes were recognized in OCI. Changes in fair value attributable to changes in our own credit are measured as the difference between: (i) the period-over-period change in the present value of the expected cash flows using a discount curve adjusted for our own credit; and (ii) the period-over-period change in the present value of the same expected cash flows using a discount curve based on the benchmark curve adjusted for our own credit as implied at inception of the liability designated at FVTPL. The pre-tax impact of changes in CIBCs own credit risk on our liabilities designated at FVTPL was gains of $355 million for the year and gains of $316 million cumulatively (2021: gains of $16 million for the year and losses of $39 million cumulatively). A net gain of $81 million, net of hedges (2021: a net gain of $50 million), was realized for assets designated at FVTPL and liabilities designated at FVTPL, which is included in the consolidated statement of income under Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL, net.
The estimated contractual amount payable at maturity of deposits designated at FVTPL, which is based on the par value and the intrinsic value of the applicable embedded derivatives, is $3,576 million higher (2021: $872 million higher) than its fair value. The intrinsic value of the embedded derivatives reflects the structured payoff of certain FVO deposit liabilities, which we hedge economically with derivatives and other FVTPL financial instruments.
Note 3 | Significant transactions |
2022
Acquisition of Canadian Costco credit card portfolio
On March 4, 2022, we completed the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, which had an outstanding balance of $2.9 billion, for cash consideration of $3.1 billion. We have also entered into a long-term agreement under which we have become the exclusive issuer of Costco-branded MasterCard credit cards in Canada. The combined transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition and included in our Canadian Personal and Business Banking SBU. On the acquisition date, we recognized credit card receivables at their fair value of $2.8 billion and an intangible asset for the purchased credit card relationships. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we finalized the purchase consideration and recognized a reduction in the intangible asset to its fair value of $236 million.
Sale of certain banking assets in the Caribbean
On February 25, 2022, FirstCaribbean International Bank Limited (CIBC FirstCaribbean) completed the sale of its banking assets in Aruba upon the satisfaction of the closing conditions. The proposed sales of banking assets in St. Vincent and St. Kitts received regulatory approval in the third quarter of 2022 and are expected to close by the third quarter of 2023, subject to the satisfaction of closing conditions. In September 2022, CIBC FirstCaribbean announced that its operations in Dominica will cease on January 31, 2023. The impacts upon the closing of these transactions and closures are not expected to be material.
2021
Sale of CIBC FirstCaribbean
On November 8, 2019, we announced that we had entered into a definitive agreement to sell 66.73% of the outstanding shares of CIBC FirstCaribbean to GNB Financial Group Limited (GNB), subject to regulatory approvals. On February 3, 2021, we announced that the proposed sale of CIBC FirstCaribbean to GNB did not receive approval from CIBC FirstCaribbeans regulators and that the transaction will not proceed.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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141
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Consolidated financial statements |
Note 4 | Securities |
Securities
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Securities measured and designated at FVOCI (1) |
$ | 56,099 | $ | 53,997 | ||||
Securities measured at amortized cost (2) |
52,484 | 35,159 | ||||||
Securities mandatorily measured and designated at FVTPL |
67,296 | 72,245 | ||||||
$ | 175,879 | $ | 161,401 |
(1) | Certain prior year information has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. |
(2) | During the year, less than $1 million of amortized cost debt securities were disposed of, generally shortly before their maturity, resulting in a realized gain of less than $1 million (2021: a realized gain of less than $1 million). |
Residual term to contractual maturity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31 | Within 1 year | 1 to 5 years | 5 to 10 years | Over 10 years | No specific maturity |
2022 Total |
2021 Total |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying value |
Yield (1) | Carrying value |
Yield (1) | Carrying value |
Yield (1) | Carrying value |
Yield (1) | Carrying value |
Yield (1) | Carrying value |
Yield (1) | Carrying value |
Yield (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt securities measured at FVOCI |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities issued or guaranteed by: |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canadian federal government |
$ | 2,222 | 2.9 | % | $ | 7,050 | 3.8 | % | $ | 1,367 | 3.6 | % | $ | | | % | $ | | | % | $ | 10,639 | 3.6 | % | $ | 8,340 | 0.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Canadian governments |
842 | 1.7 | 6,422 | 4.0 | 9,947 | 3.5 | 241 | 3.4 | | | 17,452 | 3.6 | 14,189 | 2.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury and agencies |
3,524 | 2.0 | 8,300 | 1.5 | 135 | 3.4 | | | | | 11,959 | 1.7 | 14,127 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other foreign governments |
3,792 | 2.5 | 3,047 | 3.0 | 176 | 5.4 | 23 | 6.1 | | | 7,038 | 2.8 | 6,775 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (2) |
67 | 2.5 | 193 | 3.4 | 322 | 2.7 | 581 | 3.8 | | | 1,163 | 3.3 | 1,545 | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset-backed securities |
| | | | | | 359 | 5.5 | | | 359 | 5.5 | 352 | 1.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt |
1,583 | 3.4 | 4,549 | 3.2 | 819 | 3.4 | 16 | 4.0 | | | 6,967 | 3.2 | 7,833 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 12,030 | $ | 29,561 | $ | 12,766 | $ | 1,220 | $ | | $ | 55,577 | $ | 53,161 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities measured at amortized cost |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities issued or guaranteed by: |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canadian federal government |
$ | | | % | $ | 2,159 | 1.8 | % | $ | 53 | 4.0 | % | $ | | | % | $ | | | % | $ | 2,212 | 1.8 | % | $ | 1,668 | 1.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Canadian governments |
1,102 | 4.0 | 8,879 | 3.2 | 4,033 | 4.0 | 458 | 4.2 | | | 14,472 | 3.5 | 12,020 | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury and agencies |
4,430 | 1.4 | 19,856 | 1.4 | 2,565 | 2.0 | | | | | 26,851 | 1.5 | 12,874 | 1.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other foreign governments |
62 | 0.5 | 382 | 1.7 | 204 | 2.4 | 533 | 1.4 | | | 1,181 | 1.7 | 695 | 1.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (3) |
374 | 0.5 | 1,436 | 1.6 | 1,318 | 2.2 | 509 | 2.8 | | | 3,637 | 1.9 | 3,412 | 1.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset-backed securities |
| | 103 | 2.4 | 347 | 4.6 | 40 | 8.3 | | | 490 | 4.4 | 309 | 2.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt |
869 | 4.0 | 2,525 | 2.4 | 247 | 2.2 | | | | | 3,641 | 2.7 | 4,181 | 1.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 6,837 | $ | 35,340 | $ | 8,767 | $ | 1,540 | $ | | $ | 52,484 | $ | 35,159 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities mandatorily measured and |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities issued or guaranteed by: |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canadian federal government |
$ | 2,850 | $ | 3,914 | $ | 2,323 | $ | 1,735 | $ | | $ | 10,822 | $ | 8,452 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Canadian governments |
1,294 | 1,764 | 890 | 4,686 | | 8,634 | 10,334 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury and agencies |
1,534 | 2,553 | 633 | 486 | | 5,206 | 4,935 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other foreign governments |
2,485 | 894 | 66 | 43 | | 3,488 | 4,031 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (4) |
331 | 2,332 | 215 | | | 2,878 | 1,957 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset-backed securities |
821 | 157 | 4 | 3 | | 985 | 333 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt |
1,192 | 1,438 | 661 | 320 | | 3,611 | 3,999 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 10,507 | $ | 13,052 | $ | 4,792 | $ | 7,273 | $ | | $ | 35,624 | $ | 34,041 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate equity mandatorily measured |
$ | | | % | $ | | | % | $ | | | % | $ | | | % | $ | 32,194 | n/m | $ | 32,194 | n/m | $ | 39,040 | n/m | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total securities (6) |
$ | 29,374 | $ | 77,953 | $ | 26,325 | $ | 10,033 | $ | 32,194 | $ | 175,879 | $ | 161,401 |
(1) | Represents the weighted-average yield, which is determined by applying the weighted average of the yields of individual fixed income securities. |
(2) | Includes securities backed by mortgages insured by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), with amortized cost of $192 million (2021: $301 million) and fair value of $193 million (2021: $303 million); securities issued by Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), with amortized cost of $439 million (2021: $537 million) and fair value of $416 million (2021: $554 million); securities issued by Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), with amortized cost of $190 million (2021: $235 million) and fair value of $180 million (2021: $243 million); and securities issued by Government National Mortgage Association, a U.S. government corporation (Ginnie Mae), with amortized cost of $381 million (2021: $443 million) and fair value of $374 million (2021: $445 million). |
(3) | Includes securities backed by mortgages insured by the CMHC, with amortized cost of $225 million (2021: $419 million) and fair value of $225 million (2021: $420 million); securities issued by Fannie Mae, with amortized cost of $806 million (2021: $838 million) and fair value of $743 million (2021: $851 million); securities issued by Freddie Mac, with amortized cost of $1,962 million (2021: $1,823 million) and fair value of $1,777 million (2021: $1,859 million); and securities issued by Ginnie Mae, with amortized cost of $57 million (2021: $39 million) and fair value of $52 million (2021: $40 million). |
(4) | Includes securities backed by mortgages insured by the CMHC of $2,877 million (2021: $1,954 million). |
(5) | Certain prior year information has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. |
(6) | Includes securities denominated in U.S. dollars with carrying value of $83.2 billion (2021: $80.2 billion) and securities denominated in other foreign currencies with carrying value of $8,851 million (2021: $4,611 million). |
n/m | Not meaningful. |
142 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Fair value of debt securities measured and equity securities designated at FVOCI
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost/ Amortized cost (1) |
Gross unrealized gains |
Gross unrealized losses |
Fair value |
Cost/ Amortized cost (1) |
Gross unrealized gains |
Gross unrealized losses |
Fair value |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities issued or guaranteed by: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canadian federal government |
$ | 10,646 | $ | 10 | $ | (17 | ) | $ | 10,639 | $ | 8,310 | $ | 31 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 8,340 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other Canadian governments |
17,494 | 32 | (74 | ) | 17,452 | 14,007 | 182 | | 14,189 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury and agencies |
12,305 | 5 | (351 | ) | 11,959 | 14,157 | 23 | (53 | ) | 14,127 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other foreign governments |
7,048 | 21 | (31 | ) | 7,038 | 6,750 | 30 | (5 | ) | 6,775 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities |
1,202 | 1 | (40 | ) | 1,163 | 1,516 | 29 | | 1,545 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset-backed securities |
375 | | (16 | ) | 359 | 354 | | (2 | ) | 352 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt |
7,023 | | (56 | ) | 6,967 | 7,820 | 15 | (2 | ) | 7,833 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
56,093 | 69 | (585 | ) | 55,577 | 52,914 | 310 | (63 | ) | 53,161 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate equity (2)(3) |
525 | 31 | (34 | ) | 522 | 730 | 144 | (38 | ) | 836 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 56,618 | $ | 100 | $ | (619 | ) | $ | 56,099 | $ | 53,644 | $ | 454 | $ | (101 | ) | $ | 53,997 |
(1) | Net of allowance for credit losses for debt securities measured at FVOCI of $24 million (2021: $19 million). |
(2) | Includes restricted stock. |
(3) | Certain prior year information has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. |
Fair value of equity securities designated at FVOCI that were disposed of during the year was $104 million (2021: $25 million) at the time of disposal. Net realized cumulative after-tax gains of $45 million for the year (2021: $27 million) were reclassified from AOCI to retained earnings, resulting from dispositions of equity securities designated at FVOCI and return on capital distributions from limited partnerships designated at FVOCI.
Dividend income recognized on equity securities designated at FVOCI that were still held as at October 31, 2022 was $7 million (2021: $5 million). Dividend income recognized on equity securities designated at FVOCI that were disposed of during the year was nil (2021: nil).
The table below presents profit or loss recognized on FVOCI debt securities:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Realized gains |
$ | 57 | $ | 91 | ||||
Realized losses |
(23 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||
(Provision for) reversal of credit losses on debt securities |
(2 | ) | 2 | |||||
$ | 32 | $ | 91 |
Allowance for credit losses
The following table provides a reconciliation of the opening balance to the closing balance of the ECL allowance for debt securities measured at FVOCI:
Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | ||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31 | Collective provision 12-month ECL performing |
Collective provision lifetime ECL performing |
Collective and individual provision lifetime ECL credit-impaired |
Total | ||||||||||||||
2022 |
Debt securities measured at FVOCI | |||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 4 | $ | 15 | $ | | $ | 19 | ||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (1) |
| 2 | | 2 | ||||||||||||||
Write-offs |
| | | | ||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange and other |
| 3 | | 3 | ||||||||||||||
Balance at end of year | $ | 4 | $ | 20 | $ | | $ | 24 | ||||||||||
2021 |
Debt securities measured at FVOCI | |||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 18 | $ | 4 | $ | | $ | 22 | ||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (1) |
(13 | ) | 11 | | (2 | ) | ||||||||||||
Write-offs |
| | | | ||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange and other |
(1 | ) | | | (1 | ) | ||||||||||||
Balance at end of year | $ | 4 | $ | 15 | $ | | $ | 19 |
(1) | Included in the Gains (losses) from debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost, net on our consolidated statement of income. |
Note 5 | Loans(1)(2) |
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross amount |
Stage 3 allowance |
Stages 1 and 2 allowance |
Total allowance (3) |
Net total |
Allowances as a % of gross loans |
Gross amount |
Stage 3 allowance |
Stages 1 and 2 allowance |
Total allowance (3) |
Net total |
Allowances as a % of gross loans |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages (4) |
$ | 269,706 | $ | 167 | $ | 126 | $ | 293 | $ | 269,413 | 0.1 | % | $ | 251,526 | $ | 158 | $ | 122 | $ | 280 | $ | 251,246 | 0.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
45,429 | 146 | 756 | 902 | 44,527 | 2.0 | 41,897 | 106 | 662 | 768 | 41,129 | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit card |
16,479 | | 784 | 784 | 15,695 | 4.8 | 11,134 | | 625 | 625 | 10,509 | 5.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government (4) |
188,542 | 351 | 743 | 1,094 | 187,448 | 0.6 | 150,213 | 508 | 668 | 1,176 | 149,037 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 520,156 | $ | 664 | $ | 2,409 | $ | 3,073 | $ | 517,083 | 0.6 | % | $ | 454,770 | $ | 772 | $ | 2,077 | $ | 2,849 | $ | 451,921 | 0.6 | % |
(1) | Loans are net of unearned income of $689 million (2021: $591 million). |
(2) | Includes gross loans of $111.8 billion (2021: $83.3 billion) denominated in U.S. dollars and $9.8 billion (2021: $9.3 billion) denominated in other foreign currencies. |
(3) | Includes ECL allowances for customers liability under acceptances. |
(4) | Includes $4 million of residential mortgages (2021: $16 million) and $963 million of business and government loans (2021: $25,983 million) that are measured and designated at FVTPL. |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
|
|
143
|
|
Consolidated financial statements |
Allowance for credit losses
The following table provides a reconciliation of the opening balance to the closing balance of the ECL allowance:
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | ||||||||||||||
Collective provision 12-month ECL performing |
Collective provision lifetime ECL performing |
Collective and credit-impaired |
Total | |||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 59 | $ | 63 | $ | 158 | $ | 280 | ||||||||
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions |
17 | (7 | ) | (25 | ) | (15 | ) | |||||||||
Changes in model |
(4 | ) | (1 | ) | | (5 | ) | |||||||||
Net remeasurement (1) |
(89 | ) | 85 | 85 | 81 | |||||||||||
Transfers (1) |
||||||||||||||||
to 12-month ECL |
82 | (77 | ) | (5 | ) | | ||||||||||
to lifetime ECL performing |
(9 | ) | 16 | (7 | ) | | ||||||||||
to lifetime ECL credit-impaired |
(1 | ) | (12 | ) | 13 | | ||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (2) |
(4 | ) | 4 | 61 | 61 | |||||||||||
Write-offs (3) |
| | (47 | ) | (47 | ) | ||||||||||
Recoveries |
| | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||
Interest income on impaired loans |
| | (16 | ) | (16 | ) | ||||||||||
Foreign exchange and other |
2 | 2 | 9 | 13 | ||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 57 | $ | 69 | $ | 167 | $ | 293 | ||||||||
Personal |
||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 150 | $ | 547 | $ | 106 | $ | 803 | ||||||||
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions |
37 | (55 | ) | (14 | ) | (32 | ) | |||||||||
Changes in model |
1 | 19 | | 20 | ||||||||||||
Net remeasurement (1) |
(349 | ) | 500 | 195 | 346 | |||||||||||
Transfers (1) |
||||||||||||||||
to 12-month ECL |
336 | (333 | ) | (3 | ) | | ||||||||||
to lifetime ECL performing |
(40 | ) | 52 | (12 | ) | | ||||||||||
to lifetime ECL credit-impaired |
| (75 | ) | 75 | | |||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (2) |
(15 | ) | 108 | 241 | 334 | |||||||||||
Write-offs (3) |
| | (274 | ) | (274 | ) | ||||||||||
Recoveries |
| | 69 | 69 | ||||||||||||
Interest income on impaired loans |
| | (4 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||||||||
Foreign exchange and other |
2 | 1 | 8 | 11 | ||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 137 | $ | 656 | $ | 146 | $ | 939 | ||||||||
Credit card |
||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 136 | $ | 517 | $ | | $ | 653 | ||||||||
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions (4) |
76 | (38 | ) | | 38 | |||||||||||
Changes in model |
| | | | ||||||||||||
Net remeasurement (1) |
(437 | ) | 747 | 150 | 460 | |||||||||||
Transfers (1) |
||||||||||||||||
to 12-month ECL |
436 | (436 | ) | | | |||||||||||
to lifetime ECL performing |
(52 | ) | 52 | | | |||||||||||
to lifetime ECL credit-impaired |
| (133 | ) | 133 | | |||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (2) |
23 | 192 | 283 | 498 | ||||||||||||
Write-offs (3) |
| | (397 | ) | (397 | ) | ||||||||||
Recoveries |
| | 114 | 114 | ||||||||||||
Interest income on impaired loans |
| | | | ||||||||||||
Foreign exchange and other |
| | | | ||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 159 | $ | 709 | $ | | $ | 868 | ||||||||
Business and government |
||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 277 | $ | 449 | $ | 508 | $ | 1,234 | ||||||||
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions |
41 | (12 | ) | (34 | ) | (5 | ) | |||||||||
Changes in model |
30 | (4 | ) | | 26 | |||||||||||
Net remeasurement (1) |
(95 | ) | 89 | 149 | 143 | |||||||||||
Transfers (1) |
||||||||||||||||
to 12-month ECL |
98 | (91 | ) | (7 | ) | | ||||||||||
to lifetime ECL performing |
(34 | ) | 38 | (4 | ) | | ||||||||||
to lifetime ECL credit-impaired |
(1 | ) | (7 | ) | 8 | | ||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (2) |
39 | 13 | 112 | 164 | ||||||||||||
Write-offs (3) |
| | (312 | ) | (312 | ) | ||||||||||
Recoveries |
| | 33 | 33 | ||||||||||||
Interest income on impaired loans |
| | (15 | ) | (15 | ) | ||||||||||
Foreign exchange and other |
19 | 28 | 25 | 72 | ||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 335 | $ | 490 | $ | 351 | $ | 1,176 | ||||||||
Total ECL allowance (5) |
$ | 688 | $ | 1,924 | $ | 664 | $ | 3,276 | ||||||||
Comprises: |
||||||||||||||||
Loans |
$ | 600 | $ | 1,809 | $ | 664 | $ | 3,073 | ||||||||
Undrawn credit facilities and other off-balance sheet exposures (6) |
88 | 115 | | 203 |
(1) | Transfers represent stage movements of prior year ECL allowances to the current year stage classification. Net remeasurement represents the current year change in ECL allowances for transfers, net write-offs, changes in forecasts of forward-looking information, parameter updates, and partial repayments in the year. |
(2) | Provision for (reversal of) credit losses for loans, and undrawn credit facilities and other off-balance sheet exposures is presented as Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on our consolidated statement of income. |
(3) | We generally continue to pursue collection on the amounts that were written off. The degree of collection efforts varies from one jurisdiction to another, depending on the local regulations and original agreements with customers. |
(4) | Includes ECL allowances of $63 million recognized immediately after the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio on March 4, 2022. |
(5) | See Note 4 for the ECL allowance on debt securities measured at FVOCI. The table above excludes the ECL allowance on debt securities classified at amortized cost of $15 million as at October 31, 2022 (2021: $15 million), $12 million of which was stage 3 ECL allowance on originated credit-impaired amortized cost debt securities (2021: $13 million). The ECL allowances for other financial assets classified at amortized cost were immaterial as at October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021 and were excluded from the table above. Financial assets other than loans that are classified at amortized cost are presented on our consolidated balance sheet net of ECL allowances. |
(6) | Included in Other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. |
144 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Collective provision 12-month ECL performing |
Collective provision lifetime ECL performing |
Collective and individual provision lifetime ECL credit-impaired |
Total | |||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 51 | $ | 161 | $ | 151 | $ | 363 | ||||||||||||
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions |
16 | (13 | ) | (21 | ) | (18 | ) | |||||||||||||
Changes in model |
7 | (8 | ) | 24 | 23 | |||||||||||||||
Net remeasurement (1) |
(123 | ) | 22 | 68 | (33 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Transfers (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||
to 12-month ECL |
119 | (104 | ) | (15 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
to lifetime ECL performing |
(9 | ) | 27 | (18 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
to lifetime ECL credit-impaired |
| (16 | ) | 16 | | |||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (2) |
10 | (92 | ) | 54 | (28 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Write-offs (3) |
| | (27 | ) | (27 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Recoveries |
| | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
Interest income on impaired loans |
| | (17 | ) | (17 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange and other |
(2 | ) | (6 | ) | (6 | ) | (14 | ) | ||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 59 | $ | 63 | $ | 158 | $ | 280 | ||||||||||||
Personal |
||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 204 | $ | 546 | $ | 113 | $ | 863 | ||||||||||||
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions |
37 | (47 | ) | (9 | ) | (19 | ) | |||||||||||||
Changes in model |
(19 | ) | 33 | | 14 | |||||||||||||||
Net remeasurement (1) |
(309 | ) | 281 | 179 | 151 | |||||||||||||||
Transfers (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||
to 12-month ECL |
287 | (281 | ) | (6 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
to lifetime ECL performing |
(47 | ) | 62 | (15 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
to lifetime ECL credit-impaired |
(1 | ) | (47 | ) | 48 | | ||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (2) |
(52 | ) | 1 | 197 | 146 | |||||||||||||||
Write-offs (3) |
| | (266 | ) | (266 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Recoveries |
| | 70 | 70 | ||||||||||||||||
Interest income on impaired loans |
| | (4 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange and other |
(2 | ) | | (4 | ) | (6 | ) | |||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 150 | $ | 547 | $ | 106 | $ | 803 | ||||||||||||
Credit card |
||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 136 | $ | 572 | $ | | $ | 708 | ||||||||||||
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions |
| (66 | ) | | (66 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Changes in model |
(14 | ) | 123 | | 109 | |||||||||||||||
Net remeasurement (1) |
(259 | ) | 373 | 83 | 197 | |||||||||||||||
Transfers (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||
to 12-month ECL |
305 | (305 | ) | | | |||||||||||||||
to lifetime ECL performing |
(31 | ) | 31 | | | |||||||||||||||
to lifetime ECL credit-impaired |
(1 | ) | (211 | ) | 212 | | ||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (2) |
| (55 | ) | 295 | 240 | |||||||||||||||
Write-offs (3) |
| | (414 | ) | (414 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Recoveries |
| | 119 | 119 | ||||||||||||||||
Interest income on impaired loans |
| | | | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange and other |
| | | | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 136 | $ | 517 | $ | | $ | 653 | ||||||||||||
Business and government |
||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 453 | $ | 683 | $ | 652 | $ | 1,788 | ||||||||||||
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions |
31 | (35 | ) | (35 | ) | (39 | ) | |||||||||||||
Changes in model |
(12 | ) | (26 | ) | 1 | (37 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net remeasurement (1) |
(302 | ) | (19 | ) | 197 | (124 | ) | |||||||||||||
Transfers (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||
to 12-month ECL |
198 | (173 | ) | (25 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
to lifetime ECL performing |
(63 | ) | 79 | (16 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
to lifetime ECL credit-impaired |
(4 | ) | (30 | ) | 34 | | ||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (2) |
(152 | ) | (204 | ) | 156 | (200 | ) | |||||||||||||
Write-offs (3) |
| | (279 | ) | (279 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Recoveries |
| | 14 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||
Interest income on impaired loans |
| | (20 | ) | (20 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange and other |
(24 | ) | (30 | ) | (15 | ) | (69 | ) | ||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 277 | $ | 449 | $ | 508 | $ | 1,234 | ||||||||||||
Total ECL allowance (5) |
$ | 622 | $ | 1,576 | $ | 772 | $ | 2,970 | ||||||||||||
Comprises: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
$ | 551 | $ | 1,526 | $ | 772 | $ | 2,849 | ||||||||||||
Undrawn credit facilities and other off-balance sheet exposures (6) |
71 | 50 | | 121 |
See previous page for footnote references.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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145
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Consolidated financial statements |
Impact of acquisition of Canadian Costco credit card portfolio
No ECL allowance was recognized in the purchase equation on the acquisition date for the acquired Canadian Costco credit card portfolio as the purchased loans were initially measured at their acquisition date fair values. Instead, immediately after the acquisition date, ECL allowances were established in the Provision for credit losses in the interim consolidated statement of income based on classifying each acquired credit card receivable in stage 1, since the acquisition date is established as the initial recognition date of purchased performing loans for the purpose of assessing whether a SICR has occurred. On the date of acquisition, none of the acquired credit card receivables were considered to be impaired. Subsequent to the acquisition date, ECL allowances are estimated in a manner consistent with our SICR and impairment policies that we apply to loans that we originate. See Note 3 for further details on the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio.
Inputs, assumptions and model techniques
Our ECL allowances are estimated using complex models that incorporate inputs, assumptions and model techniques that involve a high degree of management judgment. In particular, the following ECL elements are subject to a high level of judgment that can have a significant impact on the level of ECL allowances provided:
| Determining when a SICR of a loan has occurred; |
| Measuring both 12-month and lifetime credit losses; and |
| Forecasting forward-looking information for multiple scenarios and determining the probability weighting of the scenarios driven by the changes in the macroeconomic environment. |
In addition, the interrelationship between these elements is also subject to a high degree of judgment which can also have a significant impact on the level of ECL recognized.
Global economic activity has slowed over the second half of 2022 while we continue to operate in an uncertain macroeconomic environment. There is inherent uncertainty in estimating the impact that rising interest rates, inflation and supply chain disruptions exacerbated by the measures imposed in some countries to combat the spread of COVID-19 and geopolitical events, will have on the macroeconomic environment. As a result, a heightened level of judgment in estimating ECLs in respect of all these elements as discussed below, continued to be required.
Determining when a significant increase in credit risk has occurred
The determination of whether a loan has experienced a SICR has a significant impact on the level of ECL allowance as loans that are in stage 1 are measured at 12-month ECL, while loans in stage 2 are measured at lifetime ECL. Migration of loans between stage 1 and stage 2 can cause significant volatility in the amount of the recognized ECL allowances and the provision for credit losses in a particular period.
For the majority of our retail loan portfolios, we determine a SICR based on relative changes in the loans lifetime PD since its initial recognition. The PDs used for this purpose are the expected value of our upside, downside and base case lifetime PDs. Significant judgment is involved in determining the upside, downside and base case lifetime PDs through the incorporation of forward-looking information into long-run PDs, in determining the probability weightings of the scenarios, and in determining the relative changes in PDs that are indicative of a SICR for our various retail products. Increases in the expected PDs or decreases in the thresholds for changes in PDs that are indicative of a SICR can cause significant migration of loans from stage 1 to stage 2, which in turn can cause a significant increase in the amount of ECL allowances recognized. In contrast, decreases in the expected PDs or increases in the thresholds for changes in PDs that are indicative of a SICR can cause significant migration of loans from stage 2 to stage 1.
For the majority of our business and government loan portfolios, we determine a SICR based on relative changes in internal risk ratings since initial recognition. Significant judgment is involved in the determination of the internal risk ratings. Deterioration or improvement in the risk ratings or adjustments to the risk rating downgrade thresholds used to determine a SICR can cause significant migration of loans and securities between stage 1 and stage 2, which in turn can have a significant impact on the amount of ECL allowances recognized.
While potentially significant to the level of ECL allowances recognized, the thresholds for changes in PDs that are indicative of a SICR for our retail portfolios and the risk rating downgrade thresholds used to determine a SICR for our business and government loan portfolios are not expected to change significantly over time.
All loans on which repayment of principal or payment of interest is contractually 30 days in arrears and all business and government loans that have migrated to the watch list risk rating are normally automatically migrated to stage 2 from stage 1.
As at October 31, 2022, if the ECL for the stage 2 performing loans were measured using stage 1 ECL as opposed to lifetime ECL, the ECLs would be $1,110 million lower than the total recognized IFRS 9 ECL on performing loans (2021: $731 million).
Measuring both 12-month and lifetime expected credit losses
Our ECL models leverage the PD, LGD, and EAD parameters, as well as the portfolio segmentation used to calculate Basel expected loss regulatory adjustments for the portion of our retail and business and government portfolios under the advanced internal ratings-based (AIRB) approach. Adjustments are made to the Basel parameters to meet IFRS 9 requirements, including the conversion of through-the-cycle and downturn parameters used in the Basel regulatory calculations to point-in-time parameters used under IFRS 9 that consider forward-looking information. For standardized business and government portfolios, available long-run PDs, LGDs and EADs are also converted to point-in-time parameters through the incorporation of forward-looking information for the purpose of measuring ECL under IFRS 9.
Significant judgment is involved in determining which forward-looking information variables are relevant for particular portfolios and in determining the extent by which through-the-cycle parameters should be adjusted for forward-looking information to determine point-in-time parameters. While changes in the set of forward-looking information variables used to convert through-the-cycle PDs, LGDs and EADs into point-in-time parameters can either increase or decrease ECL allowances in a particular period, changes to the mapping of forward-looking information variables to particular portfolios are expected to be infrequent. However, changes in the particular forward-looking information parameters used to quantify point-in-time parameters will be frequent as our forecasts are updated on a quarterly basis. Increases in the level of pessimism in the forward-looking information variables will cause increases in ECL, while increases in the level of optimism in the forward-looking information variables will cause decreases in ECL. These increases and decreases could be significant in any particular period and will start to occur in the period where our outlook of the future changes.
With respect to the lifetime of a financial instrument, the maximum period considered when measuring ECL is the maximum contractual period over which we are exposed to credit risk. For revolving facilities, such as credit cards, the lifetime of a credit card account is the expected behavioural life. Significant judgment is involved in the estimate of the expected behavioural life. Increases in the expected behavioural life will increase the amount of ECL allowances, in particular for revolving loans in stage 2.
146 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Forecasting forward-looking information for multiple scenarios and determining the probability weighting of the scenarios
As indicated above, forward-looking information is incorporated into both our assessment of whether a financial asset has experienced a SICR since its initial recognition and in our estimate of ECL. From analysis of historical data, our risk management function has identified and reflected in our ECL allowance those relevant forward-looking information variables that contribute to credit risk and losses within our retail and business and government loan portfolios. Within our retail loan portfolio, key forward-looking information variables include Canadian unemployment rates, housing prices, gross domestic product (GDP) growth and household debt service ratios. In many cases these variables are forecasted at the provincial level. Housing prices are also forecasted at the municipal level in some cases. Within our business and government loan portfolio, key drivers that impact the credit performance of the entire portfolio include Standard & Poors (S&P) 500 growth rates, business credit growth rates, unemployment rates and credit spreads, while forward-looking information variables such as commodity prices and mining activity are significant for certain portfolios, and U.S. unemployment rates and U.S. GDP growth are significant for our U.S. portfolios.
For the majority of our loan portfolios, our forecast of forward-looking information variables is established from a base case or most likely scenario that is used internally by management for planning and forecasting purposes. For most of the forward-looking information variables related to our Canadian businesses, we have forecast scenarios by province. In forming the base case scenario, we consider the forecasts of international organizations and monetary authorities such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Monetary Fund, and the Bank of Canada, as well as private sector economists. We then derive reasonably possible upside case and downside case scenarios using external forecasts that are above and below our base case and the application of management judgment. A probability weighting is assigned to our base case, upside case and downside case scenarios based on management judgment.
The forecasting process is overseen by a governance committee consisting of internal stakeholders from across our bank including Risk Management, Economics, Finance and the impacted SBUs and involves a significant amount of judgment both in determining the forward-looking information forecasts for our various scenarios and in determining the probability weighting assigned to the scenarios. In general, a worsening of our outlook on forecasted forward-looking information for each scenario, an increase in the probability of the downside case scenario occurring, or a decrease in the probability of the upside case scenario occurring will increase the number of loans migrating from stage 1 to stage 2 and increase the estimated ECL allowance. In contrast, an improvement in our outlook on forecasted forward-looking information, an increase in the probability of the upside case scenario occurring, or a decrease in the probability of the downside case scenario occurring will have the opposite impact. It is not possible to meaningfully isolate the impact of changes in the various forward-looking information variables for a particular scenario because of both the interrelationship between the variables and the interrelationship between the level of pessimism inherent in a particular scenario and its probability of occurring.
The forecasting of forward-looking information and the determination of scenario weightings continued to require a heightened application of judgment in a number of areas as our forecast reflects numerous assumptions and uncertainties inherent in the current macroeconomic environment.
The following table provides the base case, upside case and downside case scenario forecasts for select forward-looking information variables used to estimate our ECL.
Base case | Upside case | Downside case | ||||||||||||||||||||||
As at October 31, 2022 |
Average value over the next |
Average value over the remaining |
Average value over the next |
Average value over the remaining |
Average value over the next |
Average value over the remaining |
||||||||||||||||||
Real GDP year-over-year growth |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canada (2) |
0.8 | % | 1.5 | % | 3.9 | % | 2.8 | % | (0.6 | )% | 1.0 | % | ||||||||||||
United States |
0.7 | % | 1.3 | % | 2.9 | % | 3.0 | % | (2.1 | )% | 0.4 | % | ||||||||||||
Unemployment rate |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canada (2) |
5.5 | % | 5.9 | % | 4.9 | % | 5.6 | % | 6.0 | % | 6.8 | % | ||||||||||||
United States |
4.0 | % | 4.2 | % | 3.3 | % | 3.3 | % | 5.6 | % | 5.1 | % | ||||||||||||
Canadian Housing Price Index growth (2) |
(2.5 | )% | 1.9 | % | 10.1 | % | 6.6 | % | (13.1 | )% | (5.2 | )% | ||||||||||||
S&P 500 Index growth rate |
(1.4 | )% | 6.0 | % | 6.3 | % | 12.1 | % | (13.4 | )% | (1.3 | )% | ||||||||||||
Canadian household debt service ratio |
15.5 | % | 15.1 | % | 14.4 | % | 14.5 | % | 15.9 | % | 15.2 | % | ||||||||||||
West Texas Intermediate Oil Price (US$) |
$ | 92 | $ | 81 | $ | 119 | $ | 107 | $ | 76 | $ | 56 |
(1) | The remaining forecast period is generally four years. |
(2) | National-level forward-looking forecasts are presented in the table above, which represent the aggregation of the provincial-level forecasts used to estimate our ECL. Housing Price Index growth rates are also forecasted at the municipal level in some cases. As a result, the forecasts for individual provinces or municipalities reflected in our ECL will differ from the national forecasts presented above. |
Base case | Upside case | Downside case | ||||||||||||||||||||||
As at October 31, 2021 | Average value over the next 12 months |
Average value over the remaining forecast period (1) |
Average value over the next 12 months |
Average value over the remaining forecast period (1) |
Average value over the next 12 months |
Average value over the remaining forecast period (1) |
||||||||||||||||||
Real GDP year-over-year growth |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canada (2) |
4.2 | % | 2.4 | % | 5.6 | % | 2.8 | % | 3.1 | % | 1.6 | % | ||||||||||||
United States |
4.7 | % | 2.2 | % | 5.8 | % | 3.3 | % | 2.8 | % | 1.3 | % | ||||||||||||
Unemployment rate |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canada (2) |
6.4 | % | 5.9 | % | 6.0 | % | 5.5 | % | 7.3 | % | 6.8 | % | ||||||||||||
United States |
4.4 | % | 3.9 | % | 3.8 | % | 3.4 | % | 6.0 | % | 5.0 | % | ||||||||||||
Canadian Housing Price Index growth (2) |
6.1 | % | 2.8 | % | 10.7 | % | 6.3 | % | 2.2 | % | (2.2 | )% | ||||||||||||
S&P 500 Index growth rate |
6.1 | % | 4.6 | % | 10.3 | % | 8.6 | % | (0.6 | )% | (1.7 | )% | ||||||||||||
Canadian household debt service ratio |
13.6 | % | 14.4 | % | 13.0 | % | 14.2 | % | 14.1 | % | 14.7 | % | ||||||||||||
West Texas Intermediate Oil Price (US$) |
$ | 69 | $ | 64 | $ | 74 | $ | 81 | $56 | $ | 54 |
See above for footnote references.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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147
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Consolidated financial statements |
As required, the forward-looking information used to estimate ECLs reflects our expectations as at October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021, respectively, and does not reflect changes in expectation as a result of economic forecasts that may have subsequently emerged. The base case, upside case and downside case amounts shown represent the average value of the forecasts over the respective projection horizons. Our underlying base case projection as at October 31, 2022 is characterized by weaker GDP growth for the remainder of calendar 2022 and 2023, due to continued uncertainty related to the expectation that central banks will continue to raise interest rates in response to prolonged inflationary pressures, and the impact of supply chain disruptions related to COVID-19 measures imposed in some countries, elevated worker absenteeism levels, and geopolitical events. Significant judgment continued to be inherent in the forecasting of forward-looking information, including with regard to our base case assumptions that the increase in interest rates will result in only modest economic growth, global supply chain and inflationary challenges will ease, vaccination programs and other treatments will be able to effectively respond to the new and emerging variants, governments will respond to future waves of the virus with targeted health measures rather than broader economic closures, and that the war in Ukraine will not expand into a broader conflict. While U.S. GDP had contracted in early 2022, it is expected to experience modest growth over the remainder of the year and until the end of calendar 2024, with a gradual increase in the unemployment rate until the end of calendar 2024.
The downside case forecast assumes a recession until mid-calendar year 2023 for Canada and a more prolonged recession in the U.S. resulting from aggressive interest rate hikes introduced to combat the prolonged high levels of inflation, and a worsening of geopolitical tensions and COVID-19 lockdown measures in some countries that exacerbate supply chain issues. It also reflects a slower recovery thereafter to a lower level of sustained economic activity and an unemployment rate persistently above where it stood pre-pandemic. Meanwhile, the upside scenario continues to reflect a recovery, with absolute levels of GDP reached in calendar 2022 that are consistent with the levels that would have occurred if the pre-pandemic level of GDP had continued to increase through the pandemic at pre-pandemic growth rates and continuing at a higher trend level than the base case thereafter.
As indicated above, forecasting forward-looking information for multiple scenarios and determining the probability weighting of the scenarios involves a high degree of management judgment. Assumptions concerning measures used by governments to combat inflation, the economic risks emanating from the war in Ukraine, and the degree to which vaccinations and other treatments will contain existing and potential new variants such that severe restrictions will no longer need to be imposed by most governments to limit the impact of subsequent waves of infection are material to these forecasts.
If we were to only use our base case scenario for the measurement of ECL for our performing loans, our ECL allowance would be $248 million lower than the recognized ECL as at October 31, 2022 (2021: $249 million). If we were to only use our downside case scenario for the measurement of ECL for our performing loans, our ECL allowance would be $847 million higher than the recognized ECL as at October 31, 2022 (2021: $414 million). This sensitivity is isolated to the measurement of ECL and therefore did not consider changes in the migration of exposures between stage 1 and stage 2 from the determination of the SICR that would have resulted in a 100% base case scenario or a 100% downside case scenario. As a result, our ECL allowance on performing loans could exceed the amount implied by the 100% downside case scenario from the migration of additional exposures from stage 1 to stage 2. Actual credit losses could differ materially from those reflected in our estimates.
Use of management overlays
Management overlays to ECL allowance estimates are adjustments which we use in circumstances where we judge that our existing inputs, assumptions and model techniques do not capture all relevant risk factors. The emergence of new macroeconomic, microeconomic or political events, along with expected changes to parameters, models or data that are not incorporated in our current parameters, internal risk rating migrations, or forward-looking information are examples of such circumstances. To address the uncertainties inherent in the current environment, we continue to utilize management overlays with respect to the impact of certain forward-looking information and credit metrics that are not expected to be as indicative of the credit condition of the portfolios as the historical experience in our models would have otherwise suggested, including with respect to the benefit of higher levels of household savings that have accumulated during the pandemic. The use of management overlays requires the application of significant judgment that impacts the amount of ECL allowances recognized. Actual credit losses could differ materially from those reflected in our estimates.
148 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
The following tables provide the gross carrying amount of loans, and the contractual amounts of undrawn credit facilities and other off-balance sheet exposures based on the application of our 12-month point-in-time PDs under IFRS 9 to our risk management PD bands within each respective stage for retail exposures, and based on our internal risk ratings for business and government exposures. Refer to the Credit risk section of the MD&A for details on the CIBC risk categories.
Loans(1)
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 (2)(3) | Total | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 (2)(3) | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exceptionally low |
$ | 174,749 | $ | 140 | $ | | $ | 174,889 | $ | 162,307 | $ | 94 | $ | | $ | 162,401 | ||||||||||||||||
Very low |
53,795 | 498 | | 54,293 | 49,958 | 640 | | 50,598 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Low |
24,200 | 6,816 | | 31,016 | 22,912 | 6,547 | | 29,459 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medium |
261 | 4,927 | | 5,188 | 364 | 4,671 | | 5,035 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
High |
| 906 | | 906 | | 840 | | 840 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Default |
| | 374 | 374 | | | 443 | 443 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not rated |
2,604 | 214 | 222 | 3,040 | 2,160 | 395 | 195 | 2,750 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross residential mortgages (4)(5) |
255,609 | 13,501 | 596 | 269,706 | 237,701 | 13,187 | 638 | 251,526 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
ECL allowance |
57 | 69 | 167 | 293 | 59 | 63 | 158 | 280 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net residential mortgages |
255,552 | 13,432 | 429 | 269,413 | 237,642 | 13,124 | 480 | 251,246 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exceptionally low |
18,943 | 1 | | 18,944 | 18,608 | 1 | | 18,609 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Very low |
6,119 | 5 | | 6,124 | 5,179 | 4 | | 5,183 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Low |
9,117 | 4,953 | | 14,070 | 8,091 | 4,389 | | 12,480 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medium |
934 | 3,084 | | 4,018 | 990 | 2,773 | | 3,763 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
High |
266 | 1,089 | | 1,355 | 252 | 803 | | 1,055 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Default |
| | 175 | 175 | | | 109 | 109 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not rated |
657 | 34 | 52 | 743 | 585 | 60 | 53 | 698 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross personal (5) |
36,036 | 9,166 | 227 | 45,429 | 33,705 | 8,030 | 162 | 41,897 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
ECL allowance |
115 | 641 | 146 | 902 | 125 | 537 | 106 | 768 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net personal |
35,921 | 8,525 | 81 | 44,527 | 33,580 | 7,493 | 56 | 41,129 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit card |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exceptionally low |
3,151 | | | 3,151 | 2,065 | | | 2,065 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Very low |
1,042 | | | 1,042 | 715 | | | 715 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Low |
6,936 | 597 | | 7,533 | 4,653 | 347 | | 5,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medium |
992 | 2,927 | | 3,919 | 593 | 2,195 | | 2,788 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
High |
| 682 | | 682 | | 435 | | 435 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Default |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not rated |
145 | 7 | | 152 | 123 | 8 | | 131 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross credit card |
12,266 | 4,213 | | 16,479 | 8,149 | 2,985 | | 11,134 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
ECL allowance |
143 | 641 | | 784 | 127 | 498 | | 625 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net credit card |
12,123 | 3,572 | | 15,695 | 8,022 | 2,487 | | 10,509 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment grade |
87,184 | 404 | | 87,588 | 65,963 | 562 | | 66,525 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-investment grade |
101,889 | 6,457 | | 108,346 | 85,764 | 4,599 | | 90,363 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Watch list |
66 | 2,971 | | 3,037 | 67 | 2,985 | | 3,052 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Default |
| | 920 | 920 | | | 1,033 | 1,033 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not rated |
208 | 17 | | 225 | 174 | 24 | | 198 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross business and government (4)(6) |
189,347 | 9,849 | 920 | 200,116 | 151,968 | 8,170 | 1,033 | 161,171 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
ECL allowance |
285 | 458 | 351 | 1,094 | 240 | 428 | 508 | 1,176 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net business and government |
189,062 | 9,391 | 569 | 199,022 | 151,728 | 7,742 | 525 | 159,995 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total net amount of loans |
$ | 492,658 | $ | 34,920 | $ | 1,079 | $ | 528,657 | $ | 430,972 | $ | 30,846 | $ | 1,061 | $ | 462,879 |
(1) | The table excludes debt securities measured at FVOCI, for which ECL allowances of $24 million (2021: $19 million) were recognized in AOCI. In addition, the table excludes debt securities classified at amortized cost, for which ECL allowances of $15 million were recognized as at October 31, 2022 (2021: $15 million), $12 million of which was stage 3 ECL allowance on originated credit-impaired amortized cost debt securities (2021: $13 million). Other financial assets classified at amortized cost were also excluded from the table above as their ECL allowances were immaterial as at October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021. Financial assets other than loans that are classified as amortized cost are presented on our consolidated balance sheet net of ECL allowances. |
(2) | Excludes foreclosed assets of $24 million (2021: $18 million), which were included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheet. |
(3) | As at October 31, 2022, 84% (2021: 89%) of stage 3 impaired loans were either fully or partially collateralized. |
(4) | Includes $4 million (2021: $16 million) of residential mortgages and $963 million (2021: $25,983 million) of business and government loans that are measured and designated at FVTPL. |
(5) | The internal risk rating grades presented for residential mortgages and certain personal loans do not take into account loan guarantees or insurance issued by the Canadian government (federal or provincial), Canadian government agencies, or private insurers, as the determination of whether a SICR has occurred for these loans is based on relative changes in the loans lifetime PD without considering collateral or other credit enhancements. |
(6) | Includes customers liability under acceptances of $11,574 million (2021: $10,958 million). |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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Consolidated financial statements |
Undrawn credit facilities and other off-balance sheet exposures
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retail |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exceptionally low |
$ | 149,286 | $ | 6 | $ | | $ | 149,292 | $ | 130,212 | $ | 12 | $ | | $ | 130,224 | ||||||||||||||||
Very low |
14,461 | 51 | | 14,512 | 12,868 | 59 | | 12,927 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Low |
10,844 | 2,412 | | 13,256 | 7,937 | 1,811 | | 9,748 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medium |
522 | 1,402 | | 1,924 | 740 | 896 | | 1,636 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
High |
155 | 682 | | 837 | 73 | 495 | | 568 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Default |
| | 39 | 39 | | | 34 | 34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not rated |
484 | 8 | | 492 | 375 | 8 | | 383 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross retail |
175,752 | 4,561 | 39 | 180,352 | 152,205 | 3,281 | 34 | 155,520 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
ECL allowance |
38 | 83 | | 121 | 34 | 29 | | 63 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net retail |
175,714 | 4,478 | 39 | 180,231 | 152,171 | 3,252 | 34 | 155,457 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment grade |
119,069 | 121 | | 119,190 | 111,877 | 524 | | 112,401 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-investment grade |
64,446 | 2,540 | | 66,986 | 58,652 | 1,714 | | 60,366 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Watch list |
15 | 571 | | 586 | 19 | 734 | | 753 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Default |
| | 69 | 69 | | | 91 | 91 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not rated |
575 | 26 | | 601 | 346 | 9 | | 355 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross business and government |
184,105 | 3,258 | 69 | 187,432 | 170,894 | 2,981 | 91 | 173,966 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
ECL allowance |
50 | 32 | | 82 | 37 | 21 | | 58 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net business and government |
184,055 | 3,226 | 69 | 187,350 | 170,857 | 2,960 | 91 | 173,908 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total net undrawn credit facilities and other off-balance sheet exposures |
$ | 359,769 | $ | 7,704 | $ | 108 | $ | 367,581 | $ | 323,028 | $ | 6,212 | $ | 125 | $ | 329,365 |
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Interest income |
$ | 22,179 | $ | 14,741 | ||||
Interest expense |
9,538 | 3,282 | ||||||
Net interest income |
12,641 | 11,459 | ||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
1,057 | 158 | ||||||
Net interest income after provision for credit losses |
$ | 11,584 | $ | 11,301 |
Modified financial assets
As part of CIBCs usual lending business, from time to time we may modify the contractual terms of loans classified as stage 2 and stage 3 for which the borrower has experienced financial difficulties, through the granting of a concession in the form of below-market rates or terms that we would not otherwise have considered.
During the year ended October 31, 2022, loans classified as stage 2 or stage 3 with an amortized cost of $434 million before modification were modified through the granting of a financial concession in response to the borrower having experienced financial difficulties. The amortized cost of loans with lifetime allowance that were modified during the year ended October 31, 2021 was $733 million before modification, including the modifications under the COVID-19 client deferral programs. In addition, the gross carrying amount of previously modified or deferred stage 2 or stage 3 loans that have returned to stage 1 during the year ended October 31, 2022 was $461 million (2021: $1,461 million), including loans that were previously subject to the client deferral programs.
Note 6 | Structured entities and derecognition of financial assets |
Structured entities
SEs are entities that have been designed so that voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as when any voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual arrangements. SEs are entities that are created to accomplish a narrow and well-defined objective. CIBC is involved with various types of SEs for which the business activities include securitization of financial assets, asset-backed financings, and asset management.
We consolidate a SE when the substance of the relationship indicates that we control the SE.
Consolidated structured entities
We consolidate the following SEs:
Credit card securitization trust
We sell an ownership interest in a revolving pool of credit card receivables generated under certain credit card accounts to Cards II Trust (Cards II), which purchases a proportionate share of credit card receivables on certain credit card accounts, with the proceeds received from the issuance of notes. We consolidate this trust because we have the power to direct the relevant activities and have exposure to substantially all the variability of returns for the excess spread (the deferred purchase price) that we receive over time.
Our credit card securitizations are revolving securitizations, with credit card receivable balances fluctuating from month to month as credit card clients repay their balances and new receivables are generated.
The notes are presented as Secured borrowings within Deposits on the consolidated balance sheet.
150 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
As at October 31, 2022, Cards II held $4.5 billion of credit card receivable assets with a fair value of $4.5 billion (2021: $1.7 billion with a fair value of $1.7 billion), which supported $3.0 billion of associated funding liabilities with a fair value of $2.9 billion (2021: $1.7 billion with a fair value of $1.7 billion).
Covered bond guarantor
Under the Legislative Covered Bond Programme, we transfer a pool of conventional uninsured mortgages to the CIBC Covered Bond (Legislative) Guarantor Limited Partnership (the Guarantor LP). The Guarantor LP holds interest and title to these transferred mortgages and serves to guarantee payment of principal and interest to bondholders. The covered bond liabilities are on-balance sheet obligations that are fully collateralized by the mortgage assets over which bondholders enjoy a priority claim in the event of CIBCs insolvency. We consolidate this entity because we have the ability to direct the relevant activities and retain substantially all of the variability of returns on the underlying mortgages.
As at October 31, 2022, our Legislative Covered Bond Programme had outstanding covered bond liabilities of $26.3 billion with a fair value of $26.1 billion (2021: $23.8 billion with a fair value of $24.0 billion).
Multi-seller conduit
We sponsor a consolidated multi-seller conduit in Canada that acquires direct or indirect ownership or security interests in pools of financial assets from clients and finance the acquisitions by issuing ABS and asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP). The sellers to the conduit continue to service the assets and are exposed to credit losses realized on these assets through the provision of credit enhancements. We hold all of the outstanding ABS and ABCP. As at October 31, 2022, $525 million of financial assets held by the conduit were included in Securities (2021: nil), of which $178 million are measured at FVTPL (2021: nil) and $347 million at amortized cost (2021: nil), and $1,089 million were included in Loans (2021: nil) on our consolidated balance sheet. These financial assets are related to third-party SEs and are included in the non-consolidated SEs table below.
CIBC-managed investment funds
We establish and manage investment funds such as mutual funds and pooled funds. We act as an investment manager and earn market-based management fees and, for certain pooled funds, performance fees which are generally based on the performance of the funds. Seed capital is provided from time to time to CIBC-managed investment funds for initial launch. We consolidate those investment funds in which we have power to direct the relevant activities of the funds and in which our seed capital, or our units held, is significant relative to the total variability of returns of the funds such that we are deemed to be a principal rather than an agent. As at October 31, 2022, the total assets and non-controlling interests in consolidated CIBC-managed investment funds were $137 million and $70 million, respectively (2021: $50 million and $14 million, respectively). Non-controlling interests in consolidated CIBC-managed investment funds are included in Other liabilities as the investment fund units are mandatorily redeemable at the option of the investor.
Community-based tax-advantaged investments
We sponsor certain SEs that invest in community development projects in the U.S. through the issuance of below-market loans that generate a return primarily through the realization of tax credits. As at October 31, 2022, the program had outstanding loans of $125 million (2021: $92 million). We consolidate these entities because we have the ability to direct the relevant activities and retain substantially all of the variability of returns on the underlying loans.
Non-consolidated structured entities
The following SEs are not consolidated by CIBC because we do not have control over these SEs:
Single-seller and multi-seller conduits
We manage and administer a single-seller conduit and several CIBC-sponsored multi-seller conduits in Canada. The multi-seller conduits acquire direct or indirect ownership or security interests in pools of financial assets from our clients and finance the acquisitions by issuing ABCP to investors. The single-seller conduit acquires financial assets and finances these acquisitions through a credit facility provided by a syndicate of financial institutions. The sellers to the conduits may continue to service the assets and may be exposed to credit losses realized on these assets, typically through the provision of over-collateralization or another form of credit enhancement. The conduits may also obtain credit enhancement from third-party providers. As at October 31, 2022, the total assets in the single-seller conduit and multi-seller conduits amounted to $0.6 billion and $9.3 billion, respectively (2021: $0.6 billion and $7.6 billion, respectively).
We provide the multi-seller conduits with commercial paper backstop liquidity facilities, securities distribution, and provide both the single and multi-seller conduits with accounting, cash management, and operations services. The liquidity facilities for the managed and administered multi-seller conduits require us to provide funding, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions with respect to the conduits, for ABCP not placed with external investors. We also may purchase ABCP issued by the multi-seller conduits for market-making purposes.
We are required to maintain certain short-term and/or long-term debt ratings with respect to the liquidity facilities that we provide to the sponsored multi-seller conduits. If we are downgraded below the level specified under the terms of those facilities, we must provide alternative satisfactory liquidity arrangements, such as procuring an alternative liquidity provider that meets the minimum rating requirements.
We may also act as the counterparty to derivative contracts entered into by a multi-seller conduit in order to convert the yield of the underlying assets to match the needs of the multi-seller conduits investors or to mitigate the interest rate, basis, and currency risk within the conduit.
All fees earned in respect of activities with the conduits are on a market basis.
Third-party structured vehicles
We have investments in and provide loans, liquidity and credit facilities to third-party SEs. We also have investments in limited partnerships in which we generally are a passive investor of the limited partnerships as a limited partner, and in some cases, we are the co-general partner and have significant influence over the limited partnerships. Similar to other limited partners, we are obligated to provide funding up to our commitment level to these limited partnerships.
Loan warehouse financing
We provide interim and term senior financing to third-party SEs for the purpose of future securitization. The SE is established by a third-party investor, who provides the initial investment into the SE (the equity investors). The senior financing enables the SE to purchase a loan portfolio at the direction of a collateral manager during the warehousing phase of the securitization. The senior lenders are repaid by proceeds from the issuance of debt securities to investors when the deal closes or by the cash flows from the repayment of the underlying assets held by the SE or alternative financing obtained by the investor from third-party lenders.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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151
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Consolidated financial statements |
Community Reinvestment Act investments
We hold debt and equity investments in limited liability entities to further our U.S. Community Reinvestment Act initiatives with a carrying value of $489 million (2021: $338 million). These entities invest in qualifying community development projects, including affordable housing projects that generate a return primarily by the realization of tax credits. Similar to other limited investors in these entities, we are obligated to provide funding up to our commitment level to these limited liability entities. As at October 31, 2022, the total assets of these limited liability entities were $7.9 billion (2021: $5.9 billion).
CIBC-managed investment funds
As indicated above, we establish investment funds, including mutual funds and pooled funds, to provide clients with investment opportunities and we may receive management fees and performance fees. We may hold insignificant amounts of fund units in these CIBC-managed funds. We do not consolidate these funds if we do not have significant variability of returns from our interests in these funds such that we are deemed to be an agent through our capacity as the investment manager, rather than a principal. We do not guarantee the performance of CIBC-managed investment funds. As at October 31, 2022, the total AUM in the non-consolidated CIBC-managed investment funds amounted to $133.5 billion (2021: $152.5 billion).
CIBC structured collateralized debt obligation (CDO) vehicles
We hold exposures to structured CDO vehicles through investments in, or written credit derivatives referencing, these structured vehicles. The structured vehicles are funded through the issuance of senior and subordinated tranches. We may hold a portion of those senior and/or subordinated tranches.
We previously curtailed our business activity in structuring CDO vehicles within our structured credit run-off portfolio. Our exposures to CDO vehicles mainly arose through our previous involvement in acting as structuring and placement agent for the CDO vehicles. As at October 31, 2022, the assets in the CIBC structured CDO vehicles have a total principal amount of nil (2021: $181 million).
Our on-balance sheet amounts and maximum exposure to loss related to SEs that are not consolidated are set out in the table below. The maximum exposure comprises the carrying value of unhedged investments, the notional amounts for liquidity and credit facilities, and the notional amounts less accumulated fair value losses for unhedged written credit derivatives on SE reference assets. The impact of CVA is not considered in the table below.
$ millions, as at October 31, 2022 | Single-seller and multi-seller conduits |
Third-party structured vehicles |
Loan warehouse financing |
Other (1) | ||||||||||||
On-balance sheet assets at carrying value (2) |
||||||||||||||||
Securities |
$ | 642 | $ | 2,199 | $ | | $ | 509 | ||||||||
Loans |
98 | 2,740 | 8,898 | 24 | ||||||||||||
Investments in equity-accounted associates and joint ventures |
| 66 | | 68 | ||||||||||||
$ | 740 | $ | 5,005 | $ | 8,898 | $ | 601 | |||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
$ | 141 | $ | 3,838 | $ | 3,245 | $ | 394 | ||||||||
On-balance sheet liabilities at carrying value (2) |
||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
Derivatives (3) |
| | | 45 | ||||||||||||
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 45 | |||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 354 | ||||||||
Maximum exposure to loss, net of hedges |
||||||||||||||||
Investments and loans |
$ | 740 | $ | 5,005 | $ | 8,898 | $ | 601 | ||||||||
Notional of written derivatives, less fair value losses |
| | | 35 | ||||||||||||
Liquidity, credit facilities and commitments |
8,682 | (4) | 2,638 | 2,700 | 308 | |||||||||||
Less: hedges of investments, loans and written derivatives exposure |
| | | (39 | ) | |||||||||||
$ | 9,422 | $ | 7,643 | $ | 11,598 | $ | 905 | |||||||||
October 31, 2021 |
$ | 7,680 | $ | 5,854 | $ | 4,166 | $ | 520 |
(1) | Includes Community Reinvestment Act-related investment vehicles, CIBC-managed investment funds, CIBC structured CDO vehicles and third-party structured vehicles related to structured credit run-off. It also includes, as at October 31, 2021, notes issued by CIBC Capital Trust of $300 million which were redeemed on November 1, 2021; see Note 16 for more details. |
(2) | Excludes SEs established by CMHC, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae, FHLB, Federal Farm Credit Bank, and Student Loan Marketing Association. |
(3) | Comprises written credit default swaps (CDS) and total return swaps (TRS) under which we assume exposures. Excludes foreign exchange derivatives, interest rate derivatives and other derivatives provided as part of normal client facilitation. |
(4) | Excludes an additional $2.4 billion (2021: $3.0 billion) relating to our backstop liquidity facilities provided to the multi-seller conduits as part of their commitment to fund purchases of additional assets. Also excludes $642 million (2021: $35 million) of our direct investments in the multi-seller conduits which we consider investment exposure. |
We also hold investments in a variety of third-party investment funds, which include, but are not limited to, exchange-traded funds, mutual funds, and investment trusts. We buy and sell units of these investment funds as part of trading activities or client facilitation businesses that are managed as part of larger portfolios. We generally are a passive investor and are not the investment manager in any of these investment funds. We are not the sponsor of any third-party investment funds, nor do we have the power over key decision-making activities of the funds. Our maximum exposure to loss from our investments is limited to the carrying amounts of our investments and any unutilized commitment we have provided to these funds. In addition, we issue certain structured notes and enter into equity derivatives that are referenced to the return of certain investment funds. Accordingly, we do not include our interests in these third-party investment funds in the table above.
152 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Derecognition of financial assets
We enter into transactions in the normal course of business in which we transfer recognized financial assets directly to third parties, but retain substantially all of the risks and rewards of those assets. The risks include credit, interest rate, foreign exchange, prepayment and other price risks whereas the rewards include income streams associated with the assets. Due to the retention of risks, the transferred financial assets are not derecognized and such transfers are accounted for as secured borrowing transactions.
The majority of our financial assets transferred to non-consolidated entities that do not qualify for derecognition are: (i) residential mortgage loans under securitization transactions; (ii) securities held by counterparties as collateral under repurchase agreements; and (iii) securities lent under securities lending agreements.
Residential mortgage securitizations
We securitize fully insured fixed- and variable-rate residential mortgage pools through the creation of National Housing Act (NHA) MBS under the NHA MBS Program, sponsored by CMHC. Under the Canada Mortgage Bond Program, sponsored by CMHC, we sell MBS to a government-sponsored securitization trust that issues securities to investors. We do not consolidate the securitization trust. We may act as a counterparty in interest rate swap agreements where we pay the trust the interest due to investors and receive the interest on the MBS. We have also sold MBS directly to CMHC under the Government of Canadas Insured Mortgage Purchase Program.
The sale of mortgage pools that comprise the NHA MBS does not qualify for derecognition as we retain prepayment, credit, and interest rate risks associated with the mortgages, which represent substantially all the risks and rewards. As a result, the mortgages remain on our consolidated balance sheet and are carried at amortized cost. We also recognize the cash proceeds from the securitization as Deposits Secured borrowings.
Securities held by counterparties as collateral under repurchase agreements
We enter into arrangements whereby we sell securities but enter into simultaneous arrangements to repurchase the securities at a fixed price on a future date, thereby retaining substantially all the risks and rewards. As a result, the securities remain on our consolidated balance sheet.
Securities lent for cash collateral or for securities collateral
We enter into arrangements whereby we lend securities but with arrangements to receive the securities at a future date, thereby retaining substantially all the risks and rewards. As a result, the securities remain on our consolidated balance sheet.
The following table provides the carrying amount and fair value of transferred financial assets that did not qualify for derecognition and the associated financial liabilities:
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||
Carrying amount |
Fair value |
Carrying amount |
Fair value |
|||||||||||||
Residential mortgage securitizations (1) |
$ | 16,939 | $ | 16,540 | $ | 17,121 | $ | 17,023 | ||||||||
Securities held by counterparties as collateral under repurchase agreements (2) |
39,788 | 39,788 | 36,469 | 36,469 | ||||||||||||
Securities lent for cash collateral (2) |
2,165 | 2,165 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Securities lent for securities collateral (2) |
30,520 | 30,520 | 31,548 | 31,548 | ||||||||||||
$ | 89,412 | $ | 89,013 | $ | 85,139 | $ | 85,041 | |||||||||
Associated liabilities (3) |
$ | 88,954 | $ | 88,912 | $ | 85,061 | $ | 85,122 |
(1) | Consists mainly of Canadian residential mortgage loans transferred to Canada Housing Trust. Certain cash in transit balances related to the securitization process amounting to $405 million (2021: $792 million) have been applied to reduce these balances. |
(2) | Does not include over-collateralization of assets pledged. Repurchase and securities lending arrangements are conducted with both CIBC-owned and third-party assets on a pooled basis. The carrying amounts represent an estimated allocation related to the transfer of our own financial assets. |
(3) | Includes the obligation to return off-balance sheet securities collateral on securities lent and fair value hedge basis adjustments. |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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153
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Consolidated financial statements |
Note 7 | Property and equipment |
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31 | Right-of- use assets |
Land and buildings (1) |
Computer equipment |
Office furniture, equipment and other (1) |
Leasehold improvements (1) |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
Cost |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year (2) |
$ | 2,303 | $ | 722 | $ | 1,135 | $ | 859 | $ | 1,406 | $ | 6,425 | ||||||||||||||
Additions (3) |
293 | 51 | 100 | 57 | 110 | 611 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Disposals (4) |
(55 | ) | (6 | ) | (58 | ) | (50 | ) | (66 | ) | (235 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Adjustments (5) |
50 | 17 | 16 | 22 | 18 | 123 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 2,591 | $ | 784 | $ | 1,193 | $ | 888 | $ | 1,468 | $ | 6,924 | ||||||||||||||
2021 |
Balance at end of year (2) |
$ | 2,303 | $ | 722 | $ | 1,135 | $ | 859 | $ | 1,406 | $ | 6,425 | |||||||||||||
2022 |
Accumulated depreciation |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 550 | $ | 313 | $ | 923 | $ | 472 | $ | 881 | $ | 3,139 | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation (4) |
282 | 14 | 101 | 54 | 71 | 522 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Disposals (4) |
(42 | ) | | (53 | ) | (38 | ) | (48 | ) | (181 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Adjustments (5) |
24 | 6 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 67 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 814 | $ | 333 | $ | 984 | $ | 501 | $ | 915 | $ | 3,547 | ||||||||||||||
2021 |
Balance at end of year |
$ | 550 | $ | 313 | $ | 923 | $ | 472 | $ | 881 | $ | 3,139 | |||||||||||||
Net book value |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As at October 31, 2022 |
$ | 1,777 | $ | 451 | $ | 209 | $ | 387 | $ | 553 | $ | 3,377 | ||||||||||||||
As at October 31, 2021 |
$ | 1,753 | $ | 409 | $ | 212 | $ | 387 | $ | 525 | $ | 3,286 |
(1) | Includes $242 million (2021: $234 million) of work-in-progress not subject to depreciation. |
(2) | Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. |
(3) | Includes impact of lease modifications. |
(4) | Includes write-offs for properties that were vacated in the fourth quarter of 2022, and write-offs of fully depreciated assets. |
(5) | Includes foreign currency translation adjustments. |
Cost of net additions and disposals during the year was: Canadian Personal and Business Banking net additions of $106 million (2021: net disposals of $70 million); Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management net disposals of $102 million (2021: net disposals of $5 million); U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management net additions of $23 million (2021: net additions of $31 million); Capital Markets net disposals of $18 million (2021: net additions of $20 million); and Corporate and Other net additions of $367 million (2021: net additions of $644 million).
Note 8 | Goodwill, software and other intangible assets |
Goodwill
The carrying amount of goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually as at August 1 and whenever there are events or changes in circumstances which indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Goodwill is allocated to CGUs for the purposes of impairment testing based on the lowest level for which identifiable cash inflows are largely independent of cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. The goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the recoverable amount of the CGU to which goodwill has been allocated with the carrying amount of the CGU including goodwill, with any deficiency recognized as impairment to goodwill. The recoverable amount of a CGU is defined as the higher of its estimated fair value less cost to sell and value in use.
We have two significant CGUs to which goodwill has been allocated. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are allocated to each CGU as follows:
CGUs | ||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31 | Canadian Wealth Management |
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
Other (1) | Total | ||||||||||||||
2022 |
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 884 | $ | 3,838 | $ | 232 | $ | 4,954 | |||||||||
Impairment |
| | | | ||||||||||||||
Adjustments (2) |
| 386 | 8 | 394 | ||||||||||||||
Balance at end of year | $ | 884 | $ | 4,224 | $ | 240 | $ | 5,348 | ||||||||||
2021 |
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 884 | $ | 4,131 | $ | 238 | $ | 5,253 | |||||||||
Impairment |
| | | | ||||||||||||||
Adjustments (2) |
| (293 | ) | (6 | ) | (299 | ) | |||||||||||
Balance at end of year | $ | 884 | $ | 3,838 | $ | 232 | $ | 4,954 |
(1) | Certain information has been reclassified to conform to the presentation adopted in the current year. Other now includes CIBC FirstCaribbean. |
(2) | Includes foreign currency translation adjustments. |
154 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Impairment testing of goodwill and key assumptions
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
The recoverable amount of the U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management CGU (including The PrivateBank and Geneva Advisors) is based on a value in use calculation using a five-year cash flow projection approved by management, and an estimate of the capital required to be maintained to support ongoing operations.
We have determined that for the impairment testing performed as at August 1, 2022, the estimated recoverable amount of the U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management CGU was in excess of its carrying amount. As a result, no impairment charge was recognized during 2022.
A terminal growth rate of 4.4% as at August 1, 2022 (August 1, 2021: 4.3%) was applied to the years after the five-year forecast. All of the forecasted cash flows were discounted at an after-tax rate of 9.8% as at August 1, 2022 (11.7% pre-tax) which we believe to be a risk-adjusted discount rate appropriate to U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management (we used an after-tax rate of 10.9% as at August 1, 2021). The determination of a discount rate and a terminal growth rate require the exercise of judgment. The discount rate was determined based on the following primary factors: (i) the risk-free rate; (ii) an equity risk premium; and (iii) beta adjustment to the equity risk premium based on a review of betas of comparable publicly traded financial institutions in the region. The terminal growth rate was based on managements expectations of real growth and forecast inflation rates.
If alternative reasonably possible changes in key assumptions were applied, the result of the impairment test would not differ.
Estimation of the recoverable amount is an area of significant judgment. The recoverable amount is estimated using an internally developed model which requires the use of significant assumptions including forecasted earnings, a discount rate, a terminal growth rate and forecasted regulatory capital requirements. Reductions in the estimated recoverable amount could arise from various factors, such as reductions in forecasted cash flows, an increase in the assumed level of required capital, and any adverse changes to the discount rate or terminal growth rate either in isolation or in any combination thereof.
Canadian Wealth Management
The recoverable amount of the Canadian Wealth Management CGU is based on a fair value less cost to sell calculation. The fair value is estimated using an earnings-based approach whereby the forecasted earnings are based on the Wealth Management internal plan which was approved by management and covers a three-year period. The calculation incorporates the forecasted earnings multiplied by an earnings multiple derived from observable price-to-earnings multiples of comparable wealth management institutions. The price-to-earnings multiples of those comparable wealth management institutions ranged from 6.4 to 10.7 as at August 1, 2022 (August 1, 2021: 7.0 to 10.9).
We have determined that the estimated recoverable amount of the Wealth Management CGU was well in excess of its carrying amount as at August 1, 2022. As a result, no impairment charge was recognized during 2022.
If alternative reasonably possible changes in key assumptions were applied, the result of the impairment test would not differ.
Other
The goodwill relating to the Other CGUs, which includes the CIBC FirstCaribbean CGU, is comprised of amounts which individually are not considered to be significant. We have determined that for the impairment testing performed as at August 1, 2022, the estimated recoverable amount of each of these CGUs was in excess of their carrying amounts.
Allocation to strategic business units
Goodwill of $5,348 million (2021: $4,954 million) is allocated to the SBUs as follows: Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management of $954 million (2021: $954 million), Corporate and Other of $99 million (2021: $95 million), U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management of $4,224 million (2021: $3,837 million), Capital Markets of $64 million (2021: $61 million), and Canadian Personal and Business Banking of $7 million (2021: $7 million).
Software and other intangible assets
The carrying amount of indefinite-lived intangible assets is provided in the following table:
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31 | Contract based (1) |
Brand name (2) | Total | |||||||||||
2022 |
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 116 | $ | 24 | $ | 140 | |||||||
Adjustments (3) | | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||
Balance at end of year | $ | 116 | $ | 27 | $ | 143 | ||||||||
2021 |
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 116 | $ | 26 | $ | 142 | |||||||
Adjustments (3) | | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | |||||||||
Balance at end of year | $ | 116 | $ | 24 | $ | 140 |
(1) | Represents management contracts purchased as part of past acquisitions. |
(2) | Acquired as part of the CIBC FirstCaribbean acquisition. |
(3) | Includes foreign currency translation adjustments. |
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The components of finite-lived software and other intangible assets are as follows:
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31 | Software (1) | Core deposit intangibles (2) |
Contract based (3) |
Customer relationships (4) |
Total | |||||||||||||||||
2022 |
Gross carrying amount | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 4,061 | $ | 575 | $ | 20 | $ | 239 | $ | 4,895 | ||||||||||||
Additions |
833 | | 10 | 242 | 1,085 | |||||||||||||||||
Disposals (5) |
(42 | ) | | | | (42 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Adjustments (6) |
29 | 58 | 2 | 17 | 106 | |||||||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 4,881 | $ | 633 | $ | 32 | $ | 498 | $ | 6,044 | ||||||||||||
2021 |
Balance at end of year |
$ | 4,061 | $ | 575 | $ | 20 | $ | 239 | $ | 4,895 | |||||||||||
2022 |
Accumulated amortization | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 2,367 | $ | 475 | $ | 13 | $ | 151 | $ | 3,006 | ||||||||||||
Amortization and impairment (5) |
427 | 51 | | 47 | 525 | |||||||||||||||||
Disposals (5) |
(31 | ) | | | | (31 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Adjustments (6) |
27 | 51 | 2 | 15 | 95 | |||||||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 2,790 | $ | 577 | $ | 15 | $ | 213 | $ | 3,595 | ||||||||||||
2021 |
Balance at end of year |
$ | 2,367 | $ | 475 | $ | 13 | $ | 151 | $ | 3,006 | |||||||||||
Net book value | ||||||||||||||||||||||
As at October 31, 2022 |
$ | 2,091 | $ | 56 | $ | 17 | $ | 285 | $ | 2,449 | ||||||||||||
As at October 31, 2021 |
$ | 1,694 | $ | 100 | $ | 7 | $ | 88 | $ | 1,889 |
(1) | Includes $942 million (2021: $659 million) of work-in-progress not subject to amortization. |
(2) | Acquired as part of the acquisitions of CIBC FirstCaribbean and The PrivateBank. |
(3) | Represents a combination of management contracts purchased as part of past acquisitions including The PrivateBank and Geneva Advisors in 2017, as well as Lowenhaupt Global Advisors, LLC (LGA) and Cleary Gull in 2019. |
(4) | Represents customer relationships associated with past acquisitions including The PrivateBank and Geneva Advisors in 2017, LGA in 2019 and the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio in 2022. |
(5) | Includes write-offs of fully amortized assets. |
(6) | Includes foreign currency translation and purchase price adjustments. |
Net additions and disposals of gross carrying amount during the year were: Canadian Personal and Business Banking net additions of $242 million (2021: net disposals of $2 million); Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management net disposals of nil (2021: net disposals of nil); U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management net additions of $26 million (2021: net additions of $5 million); Capital Markets net additions of nil (2021: net disposals of nil); and Corporate and Other net additions of $775 million (2021: net additions of $570 million).
Note 9 | Other assets |
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Accrued interest receivable |
$ | 2,230 | $ | 1,271 | ||||
Defined benefit asset (Note 18) |
1,420 | 1,372 | ||||||
Precious metals (1) |
2,304 | 3,005 | ||||||
Brokers client accounts |
9,467 | 12,273 | ||||||
Current tax receivable |
2,837 | 1,676 | ||||||
Other prepayments |
652 | 582 | ||||||
Derivative collateral receivable |
13,637 | 6,599 | ||||||
Accounts receivable |
1,053 | 859 | ||||||
Other (2) |
1,597 | 1,588 | ||||||
$ | 35,197 | $ | 29,225 |
(1) | Includes gold and silver bullion that are measured at fair value using unadjusted market prices quoted in active markets. |
(2) | Includes investments in subleases of $703 million as at October 31, 2022 (2021: $664 million). For the year ended October 31, 2022, finance income related to our investment in sublease was $46 million (2021: $47 million). Future lease payments receivable are $522 million over the next five years, and $657 million thereafter until expiry of the subleases. |
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Consolidated financial statements |
Note 10 | Deposits (1)(2) |
$ millions, as at October 31 | Payable on demand (3) |
Payable after notice (4) |
Payable on a fixed date (5)(6) |
2022 Total |
2021 Total |
|||||||||||||||
Personal |
$ | 16,104 | $ | 139,042 | $ | 76,949 | $ | 232,095 | $ | 213,932 | ||||||||||
Business and government (7)(8) |
113,259 | 89,253 | 194,676 | 397,188 | 344,388 | |||||||||||||||
Bank |
11,706 | 93 | 10,724 | 22,523 | 20,246 | |||||||||||||||
Secured borrowings (9) |
| | 45,766 | 45,766 | 42,592 | |||||||||||||||
$ | 141,069 | $ | 228,388 | $ | 328,115 | $ | 697,572 | $ | 621,158 | |||||||||||
Comprises: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Held at amortized cost |
$ | 670,770 | $ | 602,628 | ||||||||||||||||
Designated at fair value |
26,802 | 18,530 | ||||||||||||||||||
$ | 697,572 | $ | 621,158 | |||||||||||||||||
Total deposits include: (10) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest-bearing deposits |
||||||||||||||||||||
Canada |
$ | 93,801 | $ | 93,850 | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. |
17,053 | 16,522 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other international |
6,452 | 5,601 | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits |
||||||||||||||||||||
Canada |
447,409 | 406,642 | ||||||||||||||||||
U.S. |
92,333 | 70,312 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other international |
40,524 | 28,231 | ||||||||||||||||||
$ | 697,572 | $ | 621,158 |
(1) | Includes deposits of $243.3 billion (2021: $215.4 billion) denominated in U.S. dollars and deposits of $53.1 billion (2021: $37.1 billion) denominated in other foreign currencies. |
(2) | Net of purchased notes of $3.0 billion (2021: $2.2 billion). |
(3) | Includes all deposits for which we do not have the right to require notice of withdrawal. These deposits are generally chequing accounts. |
(4) | Includes all deposits for which we can legally require notice of withdrawal. These deposits are generally savings accounts. |
(5) | Includes all deposits that mature on a specified date. These deposits are generally term deposits, guaranteed investment certificates, and similar instruments. |
(6) | Includes $55.1 billion (2021: $32.6 billion) of deposits which are subject to the bank recapitalization (bail-in) conversion regulations issued by the Department of Finance Canada. These regulations provide certain statutory powers to the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, including the ability to convert specified eligible shares and liabilities of CIBC into common shares in the event that CIBC is determined to be non-viable. |
(7) | Includes nil (2021: $300 million) of Notes issued to CIBC Capital Trust. These Notes were redeemed on November 1, 2021. For additional information, see Note 16. |
(8) | Includes $10.6 billion (2021: $8.8 billion) of structured note liabilities that were sold upon issuance to third-party financial intermediaries, who may resell the notes to retail investors in foreign jurisdictions. |
(9) | Comprises liabilities issued by or as a result of activities associated with the securitization of residential mortgages, Covered Bond Programme, and consolidated securitization vehicles. |
(10) | Classification is based on geographical location of the CIBC office. |
Note 11 | Other liabilities |
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Accrued interest payable |
$ | 2,009 | $ | 781 | ||||
Defined benefit liability (Note 18) |
477 | 602 | ||||||
Gold and silver certificates |
102 | 113 | ||||||
Brokers client accounts |
6,617 | 5,809 | ||||||
Derivative collateral payable |
5,919 | 6,662 | ||||||
Negotiable instruments |
1,267 | 1,149 | ||||||
Accrued employee compensation and benefits |
2,737 | 2,961 | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
2,608 | 2,259 | ||||||
Other (1) |
6,336 | 4,587 | ||||||
$ | 28,072 | $ | 24,923 |
(1) | Includes the carrying value of our lease liabilities, which was $2,175 million as at October 31, 2022 (2021: $2,134 million). The undiscounted cash flows related to the contractual maturity of our lease liabilities is $344 million for the period less than 1 year, $1,109 million between years 1-5, and $1,199 million thereafter until expiry of the leases. During the year ended October 31, 2022, interest expense on lease liabilities was $61 million (2021: $51 million). |
Note 12 | Derivative instruments |
As described in Note 1, in the normal course of business, we use various derivative instruments for both trading and ALM purposes. These derivatives limit, modify or give rise to varying degrees and types of risk.
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||
Assets | Liabilities | Assets | Liabilities | |||||||||||||
Trading (Note 2) |
$ | 40,101 | $ | 46,278 | $ | 34,647 | $ | 30,040 | ||||||||
ALM (Note 2) (1) |
2,934 | 6,062 | 1,265 | 2,061 | ||||||||||||
$ | 43,035 | $ | 52,340 | $ | 35,912 | $ | 32,101 |
(1) | Comprised of derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting under IAS 39 and derivatives used for economic hedges. |
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Derivatives used by CIBC
The majority of our derivative contracts are OTC transactions, which consist of: (i) contracts that are bilaterally negotiated and settled between CIBC and the counterparty to the contract; and (ii) contracts that are bilaterally negotiated and then cleared through a central counterparty (CCP). Bilaterally negotiated and settled contracts are usually traded under a standardized International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) agreement with collateral posting arrangements between CIBC and its counterparties. Terms are negotiated directly with counterparties and the contracts have industry-standard settlement mechanisms prescribed by ISDA. Centrally cleared contracts are generally bilaterally negotiated and then novated to, and cleared through, a CCP. The industry promotes the use of CCPs to clear OTC trades. The central clearing of derivative contracts generally facilitates the reduction of credit exposures due to the ability to net settle offsetting positions. Consequently, derivative contracts cleared through CCPs generally attract less capital relative to those settled with non-CCPs.
The remainder of our derivative contracts are exchange-traded derivatives, which are standardized in terms of their amounts and settlement dates, and are bought and sold on organized and regulated exchanges. These exchange-traded derivative contracts consist primarily of options and futures.
Interest rate derivatives
Forward rate agreements are OTC contracts that effectively fix a future interest rate for a period of time. A typical forward rate agreement provides that at a pre-determined future date, a cash settlement will be made between the counterparties based upon the difference between a contracted rate and a market rate to be determined in the future, calculated on a specified notional principal amount. No exchange of principal amount takes place. Certain forward rate agreements are bilaterally transacted and then novated and settled through a clearing house which acts as a CCP.
Interest rate swaps are OTC contracts in which two counterparties agree to exchange cash flows over a period of time based on rates applied to a specified notional principal amount. A typical interest rate swap would require one counterparty to pay a fixed market interest rate in exchange for a variable market interest rate determined from time to time, with both calculated on a specified notional principal amount. No exchange of principal amount takes place. Certain interest rate swaps are bilaterally transacted and then novated and settled through a clearing house which acts as a CCP.
Interest rate options are contracts in which one party (the purchaser of an option) acquires from another party (the writer of an option), in exchange for a premium, the right, but not the obligation, to either buy or sell, on a specified future date or within a specified time, a specified financial instrument at a contracted price. The underlying financial instrument has a market price which varies in response to changes in interest rates. Options are transacted in both OTC and exchange-traded markets.
Interest rate futures are standardized contracts transacted on an exchange. They are based upon an agreement to buy or sell a specified quantity of a financial instrument on a specified future date, at a contracted price. These contracts differ from forward rate agreements in that they are in standard amounts with standard settlement dates and are transacted through an exchange.
Foreign exchange derivatives
Foreign exchange forwards are OTC contracts in which one counterparty contracts with another to exchange a specified amount of one currency for a specified amount of a second currency, at a future date or range of dates.
Foreign exchange futures contracts are similar in mechanics to foreign exchange forward contracts except that they are in standard currency amounts with standard settlement dates and are transacted through an exchange.
Foreign exchange swap contracts comprise foreign exchange swaps and cross-currency interest rate swaps. Foreign exchange swaps are transactions in which a currency is simultaneously purchased in the spot market and sold for a different currency in the forward market, or vice versa. Cross-currency interest rate swaps are transactions in which counterparties exchange principal and interest flows in different currencies over a period of time. These contracts are used to manage both currency and interest rate exposures.
Credit derivatives
Credit derivatives are OTC contracts designed to transfer the credit risk in an underlying financial instrument (usually termed as a reference asset) from one counterparty to another. The most common credit derivatives are CDS and certain TRS.
CDS contracts provide protection against the decline in value of a reference asset as a result of specified credit events such as default or bankruptcy. These derivatives are similar in structure to an option whereby the purchaser pays a premium to the seller of the CDS contract in return for payment contingent on the occurrence of a credit event. The protection purchaser has recourse to the protection seller for the difference between the face value of the CDS contract and the fair value of the reference asset at the time of settlement. Neither the purchaser nor the seller under the CDS contract has recourse to the entity that issued the reference asset. Certain CDS contracts are cleared through a CCP.
In credit derivative TRS contracts, one counterparty agrees to pay or receive cash amounts based on the returns of a reference asset, including interest earned on these assets in exchange for amounts that are based on prevailing market funding rates. These cash settlements are made regardless of whether there is a credit event. Upon the occurrence of a credit event, the parties may either exchange cash payments according to the value of the defaulted assets or exchange cash based on the notional amount for physical delivery of the defaulted assets.
Equity derivatives
Equity swaps are OTC contracts in which one counterparty agrees to pay, or receive from the other, cash amounts based on changes in the value of a stock index, a basket of stocks or a single stock in exchange for amounts that are based either on prevailing market funding rates or changes in the value of a different stock index, basket of stocks or a single stock. These contracts generally include payments in respect of dividends.
Equity options give the purchaser of the option, for a premium, the right, but not the obligation, to buy from or sell to the writer of an option, an underlying stock index, basket of stocks, or a single stock at a contracted price. Options are transacted in both OTC and exchange markets.
Equity index futures are standardized contracts transacted on an exchange. They are based on an agreement to pay or receive a cash amount based on the difference between the contracted price level of an underlying stock index and its corresponding market price level at a specified future date. There is generally no actual delivery of stocks that comprise the underlying index. These contracts are in standard amounts with standard settlement dates.
Precious metal and other commodity derivatives
We also transact in other derivative products, including commodity forwards, futures, swaps and options, such as precious metal and energy-related products in both OTC and exchange markets.
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Consolidated financial statements |
Notional amounts
The notional amounts are not recorded as assets or liabilities, as they represent the face amount of the contract to which a rate or price is applied to determine the amount of cash flows to be exchanged. In most cases, notional amounts do not represent the potential gain or loss associated with market or credit risk of such instruments.
The following table presents the notional amounts of derivative instruments:
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residual term to contractual maturity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than 1 year |
1 to 5 years |
Over 5 years |
Total notional amounts |
Trading | ALM | Trading | ALM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Forward rate agreements |
$ | 9,098 | $ | 2,228 | $ | | $ | 11,326 | $ | | $ | 11,326 | $ | 7,149 | $ | 5,611 | ||||||||||||||||
Centrally cleared forward rate agreements |
95,241 | 16,375 | | 111,616 | 111,616 | | 100,198 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swap contracts |
55,981 | 123,774 | 88,270 | 268,025 | 246,336 | 21,689 | 243,655 | 23,205 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Centrally cleared swap contracts |
1,964,761 | 1,772,589 | 789,361 | 4,526,711 | 3,930,263 | 596,448 | 2,998,139 | 460,922 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options |
12,219 | 7,142 | 1,089 | 20,450 | 20,160 | 290 | 13,319 | 344 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written options |
10,428 | 5,757 | 844 | 17,029 | 16,926 | 103 | 13,912 | 261 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2,147,728 | 1,927,865 | 879,564 | 4,955,157 | 4,325,301 | 629,856 | 3,376,372 | 490,343 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Futures contracts |
86,893 | 22,622 | | 109,515 | 109,493 | 22 | 164,644 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options |
6 | | | 6 | 6 | | 5,251 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written options |
1,006 | | | 1,006 | 1,006 | | 10,251 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
87,905 | 22,622 | | 110,527 | 110,505 | 22 | 180,146 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total interest rate derivatives |
2,235,633 | 1,950,487 | 879,564 | 5,065,684 | 4,435,806 | 629,878 | 3,556,518 | 490,343 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Forward contracts |
699,241 | 26,247 | 1,589 | 727,077 | 719,885 | 7,192 | 709,628 | 6,937 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swap contracts |
160,500 | 254,614 | 154,073 | 569,187 | 497,830 | 71,357 | 491,884 | 52,247 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options |
23,800 | 1,922 | 13 | 25,735 | 25,734 | 1 | 19,843 | 88 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written options |
27,484 | 2,320 | | 29,804 | 29,158 | 646 | 21,887 | 739 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
911,025 | 285,103 | 155,675 | 1,351,803 | 1,272,607 | 79,196 | 1,243,242 | 60,011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Futures contracts |
42 | | | 42 | 42 | | 6 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total foreign exchange derivatives |
911,067 | 285,103 | 155,675 | 1,351,845 | 1,272,649 | 79,196 | 1,243,248 | 60,011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swap contracts protection purchased |
1,305 | 533 | 376 | 2,214 | 2,195 | 19 | 2,210 | 27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Centrally cleared credit default swap |
203 | 633 | 1,019 | 1,855 | 1,801 | 54 | 1,524 | 123 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swap contracts protection sold |
448 | 458 | 123 | 1,029 | 1,029 | | 1,304 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Centrally cleared credit default swap |
| 320 | 378 | 698 | 698 | | 377 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total credit derivatives |
1,956 | 1,944 | 1,896 | 5,796 | 5,723 | 73 | 5,415 | 150 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
65,407 | 54,616 | 876 | 120,899 | 119,327 | 1,572 | 83,612 | 1,831 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded |
79,954 | 28,808 | 724 | 109,486 | 109,486 | | 93,564 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total equity derivatives |
145,361 | 83,424 | 1,600 | 230,385 | 228,813 | 1,572 | 177,176 | 1,831 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Precious metal and other commodity derivatives (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
27,969 | 25,404 | 564 | 53,937 | 53,926 | 11 | 48,028 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Centrally cleared commodity derivatives |
50 | 6 | | 56 | 56 | | 119 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded |
24,255 | 11,813 | 359 | 36,427 | 36,427 | | 34,783 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total precious metal and other commodity derivatives |
52,274 | 37,223 | 923 | 90,420 | 90,409 | 11 | 82,930 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total notional amount of which: |
$ | 3,346,291 | $ | 2,358,181 | $ | 1,039,658 | $ | 6,744,130 | $ | 6,033,400 | $ | 710,730 | $ | 5,065,287 | $ | 552,335 | ||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter (2) |
3,154,135 | 2,294,938 | 1,038,575 | 6,487,648 | 5,776,940 | 710,708 | 4,756,788 | 552,335 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded |
192,156 | 63,243 | 1,083 | 256,482 | 256,460 | 22 | 308,499 | |
(1) | Certain prior year information has been revised to conform to current year presentation. |
(2) | For OTC derivatives that are not centrally cleared, $1,695.3 billion (2021: $1,622.2 billion) are with counterparties that have two-way collateral posting arrangements, $53.0 billion (2021: $37.1 billion) are with counterparties that have one-way collateral posting arrangements, and $98.4 billion (2021: $88.4 billion) are with counterparties that have no collateral posting arrangements. Counterparties with whom we have more than insignificant OTC derivative portfolios and one-way collateral posting arrangements are either sovereign entities or supra national financial institutions. |
Risk
In the following sections, we discuss the risks related to the use of derivatives and how we manage these risks.
Market risk
Derivatives are financial instruments where valuation is linked to changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity, commodity, credit prices or indices. Changes in value as a result of the aforementioned risk factors are referred to as market risk.
Market risk arising from derivative trading activities is managed in order to mitigate risk in line with CIBCs risk appetite. To manage market risk, we set market risk limits and may enter into hedging transactions.
Credit risk
Credit risk arises from the potential for a counterparty to default on its contractual obligations and the possibility that prevailing market conditions are such that a loss would occur in replacing the defaulted transaction.
We limit the credit risk of OTC derivatives through the use of ISDA master netting agreements, collateral, CCPs and other credit mitigation techniques. We clear eligible derivatives through CCPs in accordance with various global initiatives. Where feasible, we novate existing bilaterally
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Consolidated financial statements |
negotiated and settled derivatives to a CCP in an effort to reduce CIBCs credit risk exposure. We establish counterparty credit limits and limits for CCP exposures based on a counterpartys creditworthiness and the type of trading relationship with each counterparty (underlying agreements, business volumes, product types, tenors, etc.).
We negotiate netting agreements to contain the build-up of credit exposure resulting from multiple transactions with more active counterparties. Such agreements provide for the simultaneous close-out and netting of all transactions with a counterparty, in the case of a counterparty default. A number of these agreements incorporate a Credit Support Annex, which is a bilateral security agreement that, among other things, provides for the exchange of collateral between parties in the event that one partys exposure to the other exceeds agreed upon thresholds.
Credit risk on exchange-traded futures and options is limited, as these transactions are standardized contracts executed on established exchanges, whose CCPs assume the obligations of both counterparties. Similarly, swaps that are centrally cleared represent limited credit risk because these transactions are novated to the CCP, which assumes the obligations of the original bilateral counterparty. All exchange-traded and centrally cleared contracts are subject to initial margin and daily settlement of variation margins, designed to protect participants from losses incurred from a counterparty default.
A CVA is determined using the fair value based exposure we have on derivative contracts. We believe that we have made appropriate fair value adjustments to date. The establishment of fair value adjustments involves estimates that are based on accounting processes and judgments by management. We evaluate the adequacy of the fair value adjustments on an ongoing basis. Market and economic conditions relating to derivative counterparties may change in the future, which could result in significant future losses.
The following table summarizes our credit exposure arising from derivatives, which includes the current replacement cost, credit equivalent amount and risk-weighted amount.
For the majority of OTC derivative transactions, we use the Internal Model Method (IMM) for the determination of the EAD, using models that simulate the underlying risk factors and reflect netting and collateral agreements. For the minority of derivative transactions where we do not have regulatory approval to use IMM, we used the Standardized Approach for Counterparty Credit Risk (SA-CCR).
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current replacement cost (1) | Credit equivalent amount (2) |
Risk- weighted amount |
Current replacement cost (1) | Credit equivalent amount (2) |
Risk- weighted amount |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trading | ALM | Total | Trading | ALM | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Forward rate agreements |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 7 | $ | 2 | $ | | $ | 4 | $ | 4 | $ | 35 | $ | 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Swap contracts |
939 | 40 | 979 | 2,223 | 422 | 2,116 | 141 | 2,257 | 4,182 | 1,360 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options |
21 | | 21 | 35 | 16 | 14 | 2 | 16 | 26 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written options |
| | | 7 | 3 | 4 | | 4 | 8 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
960 | 40 | 1,000 | 2,272 | 443 | 2,134 | 147 | 2,281 | 4,251 | 1,409 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded |
| | | 198 | 7 | 3 | | 3 | 332 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
960 | 40 | 1,000 | 2,470 | 450 | 2,137 | 147 | 2,284 | 4,583 | 1,419 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Forward contracts |
1,966 | 574 | 2,540 | 6,293 | 1,922 | 943 | 196 | 1,139 | 4,027 | 1,335 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swap contracts |
366 | 394 | 760 | 2,928 | 721 | 452 | 389 | 841 | 2,684 | 751 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options |
325 | | 325 | 767 | 267 | 144 | 14 | 158 | 156 | 54 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written options |
29 | | 29 | 139 | 46 | 40 | | 40 | 50 | 19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2,686 | 968 | 3,654 | 10,127 | 2,956 | 1,579 | 599 | 2,178 | 6,917 | 2,159 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swap contracts |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
protection purchased |
2 | | 2 | 164 | 19 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 105 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
protection sold |
| | | 44 | 11 | 1 | | 1 | 18 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | | 2 | 208 | 30 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 123 | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
124 | 51 | 175 | 3,788 | 926 | 254 | 79 | 333 | 3,910 | 935 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded |
10 | | 10 | 2,546 | 87 | 1,310 | | 1,310 | 6,298 | 195 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
134 | 51 | 185 | 6,334 | 1,013 | 1,564 | 79 | 1,643 | 10,208 | 1,130 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Precious metal and other commodity derivatives (3) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-the-counter |
3,801 | | 3,801 | 6,051 | 1,655 | 4,147 | 4 | 4,151 | 6,374 | 1,876 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded |
12 | | 12 | 3,060 | 122 | 17 | | 17 | 2,559 | 102 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3,813 | | 3,813 | 9,111 | 1,777 | 4,164 | 4 | 4,168 | 8,933 | 1,978 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RWA related to non-trade exposures to central counterparties |
366 | 306 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RWA related to CVA charge |
6,696 | 7,174 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total derivatives |
$ | 7,595 | $ | 1,059 | $ | 8,654 | $ | 28,250 | $ | 13,288 | $ | 9,448 | $ | 830 | $ | 10,278 | $ | 30,764 | $ | 14,189 |
(1) | Current replacement cost reflects the current mark-to-market (MTM) value of derivatives offset by eligible financial collateral, where present. |
(2) | Under IMM, expected effective positive exposure (EEPE) is used, which computes, through simulation, the expected exposures with consideration to the expected movements in underlying risk factor and netting/collateral agreements. The EAD is calculated as EEPE multiplied by the prescribed alpha factor of 1.4. The EAD under SA-CCR is calculated as the sum of replacement cost and potential future exposure, multiplied by the prescribed alpha factor of 1.4. |
(3) | Certain prior year information has been revised to conform to current year presentation. |
The following table presents the current replacement cost of derivatives by geographic region based on the location of the derivative counterparty:
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canada | U.S. | Other countries |
Total | Canada | U.S. | Other countries |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
By counterparty type |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial institutions |
$ | 1,245 | $ | 223 | $ | 1,151 | $ | 2,619 | $ | 558 | $ | 1,693 | $ | 1,130 | $ | 3,381 | ||||||||||||||||
Governments |
1,016 | | 35 | 1,051 | 641 | 1 | 17 | 659 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate |
1,167 | 3,247 | 570 | 4,984 | 1,824 | 3,445 | 969 | 6,238 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total derivative instruments |
$ | 3,428 | $ | 3,470 | $ | 1,756 | $ | 8,654 | $ | 3,023 | $ | 5,139 | $ | 2,116 | $ | 10,278 |
160 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Note 13 | Designated accounting hedges |
Hedge accounting
We apply hedge accounting as part of managing the market risk of certain non-trading portfolios arising from changes due to interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and equity market prices. See the shaded sections in Non-trading activities in the MD&A for further information on our risk management strategy for these risks. See Note 12 for further information on the derivatives used by CIBC.
Interest rate risk
The majority of our derivative contracts used to hedge certain exposures to benchmark interest rate risk are interest rate swaps. For fair value hedges, we convert our fixed interest rate exposures from the hedged financial instruments to floating interest rate exposures. For cash flow hedges, we convert certain exposures to cash flow variability from our variable rate instruments to fixed interest rate exposures.
Foreign currency risk
For our fair value hedges, we mainly use various combinations of cross-currency interest rate swaps and interest rate swaps to hedge our exposures to foreign currency risk together with interest rate risk, converting our fixed foreign currency rate exposures to floating functional currency rate exposures.
For our cash flow hedges, the majority of our derivative contracts are used to hedge our exposures to cash flow variability arising from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, and mainly consist of cross-currency interest rate swaps.
For NIFO hedges, we use a combination of foreign denominated deposit liabilities and foreign exchange forwards to manage our foreign currency exposure of our NIFOs with a functional currency other than the Canadian dollar.
Equity price risk
We use cash-settled TRS in designated cash flow hedge relationships to hedge changes in CIBCs share price in respect of certain cash-settled share-based compensation awards. Note 17 provides details on our cash-settled share-based compensation plans.
For the hedge relationships described above, hedge effectiveness is assessed at the inception of the hedge relationship and on an ongoing basis, primarily using the dollar offset method. The sources of hedge ineffectiveness are mainly attributed to the following:
| Utilization of hedging instruments that have a non-zero fair value at the inception of the hedge relationship; |
| Differences in fixed rates, when contractual coupons of the fixed rate hedged items are designated; |
| Differences in the discounting factors between the hedged item and the hedging instruments arising from different rate reset frequencies and timing of cash flows; and |
| Differences in the discount curves to determine the basis adjustments of the hedged items and the fair value of the hedging derivatives, including from the application of OIS and CVA to the valuation of derivatives when they are applicable. |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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161
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Consolidated financial statements |
Designated hedging instruments
The following table provides a summary of financial instruments designated as hedging instruments:
Notional amount of the hedging instrument (1) |
Maturity range | Fair value of the hedging derivatives |
Gains (losses) on changes in fair value used for calculating hedge ineffectiveness |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31 |
Less than 1 year |
1-5 years |
Over 5 years |
Assets | Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
Cash flow hedges |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cross-currency interest rate swaps |
$ | 16,527 | $ | 5,331 | $ | 11,196 | $ | | $ | 467 | $ | 1,008 | $ | (618 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
29,660 | 6,235 | 23,289 | 136 | | 20 | (964 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity share price risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity swaps |
1,413 | 143 | 1,270 | | 7 | 38 | (255 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 47,600 | $ | 11,709 | $ | 35,755 | $ | 136 | $ | 474 | $ | 1,066 | $ | (1,837 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
NIFO hedges |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange forwards |
$ | 232 | $ | 232 | $ | | $ | | $ | 5 | $ | 3 | $ | (22 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Deposits (2) |
24,793 | 24,793 | | | n/a | n/a | (2,399 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 25,025 | $ | 25,025 | $ | | $ | | $ | 5 | $ | 3 | $ | (2,421 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Fair value hedges |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
$ | 226,764 | $ | 68,457 | $ | 131,337 | $ | 26,970 | $ | 89 | $ | 817 | $ | 400 | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cross-currency interest rate swaps |
50,555 | 21,330 | 23,515 | 5,710 | 1,335 | 3,084 | (130 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
21,352 | 9,023 | 10,125 | 2,204 | | 32 | (1,316 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 298,671 | $ | 98,810 | $ | 164,977 | $ | 34,884 | $ | 1,424 | $ | 3,933 | $ | (1,046 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
$ | 371,296 | $ | 135,544 | $ | 200,732 | $ | 35,020 | $ | 1,903 | $ | 5,002 | $ | (5,304 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
2021 |
Cash flow hedges |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cross-currency interest rate swaps |
$ | 13,002 | $ | 6,605 | $ | 6,397 | $ | | $ | 165 | $ | 191 | $ | (55 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
12,073 | 4,846 | 7,227 | | | | (223 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity share price risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity swaps |
1,679 | 964 | 715 | | 44 | 1 | 529 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 26,754 | $ | 12,415 | $ | 14,339 | $ | | $ | 209 | $ | 192 | $ | 251 | |||||||||||||||||
NIFO hedges |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange forwards |
$ | 226 | $ | 226 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | $ | 14 | ||||||||||||||||
Deposits (2) |
24,116 | 24,116 | | | n/a | n/a | 1,534 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 24,342 | $ | 24,342 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | $ | 1,548 | |||||||||||||||||
Fair value hedges |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
$ | 190,769 | $ | 72,010 | $ | 99,532 | $ | 19,227 | $ | 152 | $ | 162 | $ | 1,018 | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cross-currency interest rate swaps |
38,213 | 7,804 | 23,483 | 6,926 | 478 | 1,391 | 48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
20,907 | 4,113 | 13,692 | 3,102 | | | (260 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 249,889 | $ | 83,927 | $ | 136,707 | $ | 29,255 | $ | 630 | $ | 1,553 | $ | 806 | |||||||||||||||||
$ | 300,985 | $ | 120,684 | $ | 151,046 | $ | 29,255 | $ | 840 | $ | 1,746 | $ | 2,605 |
(1) | For some hedge relationships, we apply a combination of derivatives to hedge the underlying exposures; therefore, the notional amounts of the derivatives generally exceed the carrying amount of the hedged items. |
(2) | Notional amount represents the principal amount of deposits as at October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021. |
n/a | Not applicable. |
162 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
The following table provides the average rate or price of the hedging derivatives:
As at October 31 |
Average exchange rate (1) |
Average fixed interest rate (1) |
Average share price (2) |
|||||||||||||||||
2022 |
Cash flow hedges |
|||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange risk |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cross-currency interest rate swaps |
AUD CAD | 0.92 | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
EUR CAD | 1.42 | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||
GBP CAD | 1.68 | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
n/a | CAD | 2.72 | % | n/a | |||||||||||||||
n/a | USD | 3.89 | % | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
Equity share price risk |
||||||||||||||||||||
Equity swaps |
n/a | n/a | $ | 68.23 | ||||||||||||||||
NIFO hedges |
||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange risk |
||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange forwards |
AUD CAD | 0.88 | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
HKD CAD | 0.17 | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||
Fair value hedges |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
n/a | CAD | 2.32 | % | n/a | |||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cross-currency interest rate swaps |
EUR CAD | 1.48 | 1.76 | % | n/a | |||||||||||||||
CHF CAD | 1.39 | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||
USD CAD | 1.28 | 3.46 | % | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
n/a | CHF | (0.14 | )% | n/a | |||||||||||||||
n/a | EUR | 0.01 | % | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
n/a | GBP | 1.02 | % | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
2021 |
Cash flow hedges |
|||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange risk |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cross-currency interest rate swaps |
AUD CAD | 0.94 | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
GBP CAD | 1.72 | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
n/a | CAD | 1.57 | % | n/a | |||||||||||||||
n/a | USD | 0.77 | % | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
Equity share price risk |
||||||||||||||||||||
Equity swaps |
n/a | n/a | $ | 59.09 | ||||||||||||||||
NIFO hedges |
||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange risk |
||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange forwards |
AUD CAD | 0.92 | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
HKD CAD | 0.16 | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||
Fair value hedges |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
n/a | CAD | 1.37 | % | n/a | |||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cross-currency interest rate swaps |
EUR CAD | 1.50 | 0.08 | % | n/a | |||||||||||||||
GBP CAD | 1.66 | 1.31 | % | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
USD CAD | 1.27 | 1.29 | % | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
n/a | CHF | (0.02 | )% | n/a | |||||||||||||||
n/a | EUR | (0.39 | )% | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
n/a | GBP | 0.71 | % | n/a |
(1) | Includes average foreign exchange rates and interest rates relating to significant hedging relationships. |
(2) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
n/a | Not applicable. |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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163
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|
Consolidated financial statements |
Designated hedged items
The following table provides information on designated hedged items:
Carrying amount of the hedged item |
Accumulated amount of fair value hedge adjustments on the hedged item |
Gains (losses) on ineffectiveness |
||||||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31 | Assets | Liabilities | Assets | Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
Cash flow hedges (1) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
$ | | $ | 9,466 | n/a | n/a | $ | 615 | ||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
29,660 | | n/a | n/a | 970 | |||||||||||||||||
Equity share price risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based payment |
| 1,314 | n/a | n/a | 255 | |||||||||||||||||
$ | 29,660 | $ | 10,780 | n/a | n/a | $ | 1,840 | |||||||||||||||
NIFO hedges |
$ | 25,025 | $ | | n/a | n/a | $ | 2,421 | ||||||||||||||
Fair value hedges (2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities |
$ | 47,659 | $ | | $ | (3,251 | ) | $ | | $ | (3,583 | ) | ||||||||||
Loans |
36,282 | | (1,794 | ) | | (1,537 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Deposits |
| 112,295 | | (4,655 | ) | 4,437 | ||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness |
| 5,893 | | (265 | ) | 293 | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
| 27,017 | | (1,581 | ) | 1,448 | ||||||||||||||||
$ | 83,941 | $ | 145,205 | $ | (5,045 | ) | $ | (6,501 | ) | $ | 1,058 | |||||||||||
2021 |
Cash flow hedges (1) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
$ | | $ | 5,514 | n/a | n/a | $ | 54 | ||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
12,070 | | n/a | n/a | 223 | |||||||||||||||||
Equity share price risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based payment |
| 1,549 | n/a | n/a | (529 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
$ | 12,070 | $ | 7,063 | n/a | n/a | $ | (252 | ) | ||||||||||||||
NIFO hedges |
$ | 24,342 | $ | | n/a | n/a | $ | (1,548 | ) | |||||||||||||
Fair value hedges (2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities |
$ | 31,661 | $ | | $ | (243 | ) | $ | | $ | (1,403 | ) | ||||||||||
Loans |
45,180 | | (583 | ) | | (1,340 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Deposits |
| 91,414 | | (261 | ) | 1,568 | ||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness |
| 5,419 | | 10 | 192 | |||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
| 19,662 | | (154 | ) | 217 | ||||||||||||||||
$ | 76,841 | $ | 116,495 | $ | (826 | ) | $ | (405 | ) | $ | (766 | ) |
(1) | As at October 31, 2022, the amount remaining in AOCI related to discontinued cash flow hedges was a net loss of $62 million (2021: net gain of $73 million). |
(2) | As at October 31, 2022, the accumulated fair value hedge net liability adjustment remaining on the consolidated balance sheet related to discontinued fair value hedges was $537 million (2021: net asset of $44 million). |
n/a | Not applicable. |
Hedge accounting gains (losses) in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | Beginning balance of AOCI hedge reserve (after-tax) |
Change in the value of the hedging instrument recognized in OCI (before-tax) |
Amount reclassified from accumulated OCI to income (before-tax) (1) |
Tax benefit |
Ending balance of AOCI hedge reserve (after-tax) |
Hedge ineffectiveness gains (losses) recognized in income |
||||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
Cash flow hedges |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange risk |
$ | (7 | ) | $ | (615 | ) | $ | 607 | $ | 2 | $ | (13 | ) | $ | (3 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
68 | (963 | ) | (18 | ) | 258 | (655 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Equity share price risk |
76 | (255 | ) | 160 | 25 | 6 | | |||||||||||||||||||
$ | 137 | $ | (1,833 | ) | $ | 749 | $ | 285 | $ | (662 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | ||||||||||||
NIFO hedges foreign exchange risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hedges of net investment in foreign operations |
$ | 154 | $ | (2,421 | ) | $ | | $ | 131 | $ | (2,136 | ) | $ | | ||||||||||||
2021 |
Cash flow hedges |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange risk |
$ | (2 | ) | $ | (64 | ) | $ | 57 | $ | 2 | $ | (7 | ) | $ | | |||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
279 | (223 | ) | (63 | ) | 75 | 68 | | ||||||||||||||||||
Equity share price risk |
(3 | ) | 529 | (421 | ) | (29 | ) | 76 | | |||||||||||||||||
$ | 274 | $ | 242 | $ | (427 | ) | $ | 48 | $ | 137 | $ | | ||||||||||||||
NIFO hedges foreign exchange risk |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hedges of net investment in foreign operations |
$ | (1,341 | ) | $ | 1,548 | $ | | $ | (53 | ) | $ | 154 | $ | |
(1) | During the year ended October 31, 2022, the amount reclassified from AOCI to net income for cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions that were no longer expected to occur was nil (2021: nil). |
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Consolidated financial statements |
Hedge accounting gains (losses) in the consolidated statement of income
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | Gains (losses) on the hedging instruments |
Gains (losses) on the hedged items attributable to hedged risk |
Hedge ineffectiveness gains (losses) recognized in income |
|||||||||||
2022 |
Fair value hedges |
|||||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
$ | 400 | $ | (390 | ) | $ | 10 | |||||||
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk |
(1,446 | ) | 1,448 | 2 | ||||||||||
$ | (1,046 | ) | $ | 1,058 | $ | 12 | ||||||||
2021 |
Fair value hedges |
|||||||||||||
Interest rate risk |
$ | 1,018 | $ | (983 | ) | $ | 35 | |||||||
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk |
(212 | ) | 217 | 5 | ||||||||||
$ | 806 | $ | (766 | ) | $ | 40 |
Note 14 | Subordinated indebtedness |
The debt issues included in the table below are outstanding unsecured obligations of CIBC and its subsidiaries and are subordinated to the claims of depositors and other creditors as set out in their terms. Foreign currency denominated indebtedness funds foreign currency denominated assets. All redemptions are subject to regulatory approval.
Terms of subordinated indebtedness
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earliest date redeemable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate % |
Contractual maturity date |
At greater of and par |
At par | Denominated in foreign currency |
Par value |
Carrying value (2) |
Par value |
Carrying value (2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.75 | (3) | July 11, 2024 | (4) | TT$175 million | $ | 36 | $ | 36 | $ | 32 | $ | 32 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
3.45 | (5)(6) | April 4, 2028 | April 4, 2023 | 1,500 | 1,487 | 1,500 | 1,525 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8.70 | May 25, 2029 | (4) | 25 | 32 | 25 | 37 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2.95 | (5)(7) | June 19, 2029 | June 19, 2024 | 1,500 | 1,426 | 1,500 | 1,484 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2.01 | (5)(8) | July 21, 2030 | July 21, 2025 | 1,000 | 929 | 1,000 | 976 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
11.60 | January 7, 2031 | January 7, 1996 | 200 | 174 | 200 | 196 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1.96 | (5)(9) | April 21, 2031 | April 21, 2026 | 1,000 | 916 | 1,000 | 976 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10.80 | May 15, 2031 | May 15, 2021 | 150 | 129 | 150 | 146 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4.20 | (5)(10) | April 7, 2032 | April 7, 2027 | 1,000 | 963 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8.70 | May 25, 2032 | (4) | 25 | 34 | 25 | 39 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8.70 | May 25, 2033 | (4) | 25 | 34 | 25 | 40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8.70 | May 25, 2035 | (4) | 25 | 36 | 25 | 42 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Floating | (11) | July 31, 2084 | July 27, 1990 | US$38 million | (12) | 52 | 52 | 47 | 47 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Floating | (13) | August 31, 2085 | August 20, 1991 | US$10 million | (14) | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
6,551 | 6,261 | 5,543 | 5,554 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness sold short (held) for trading purposes |
31 | 31 | (15 | ) | (15 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 6,582 | $ | 6,292 | $ | 5,528 | $ | 5,539 |
(1) | Canada Yield Price: a price calculated at the time of redemption to provide a yield to maturity equal to the yield of a Government of Canada bond of appropriate maturity plus a pre-determined spread. |
(2) | Carrying values of fixed-rate subordinated indebtedness notes reflect the impact of interest rate hedges in an effective hedge relationship. |
(3) | Guaranteed Subordinated Term Notes in Trinidad and Tobago dollars issued on July 11, 2018 by FirstCaribbean International Bank (Trinidad & Tobago) Limited, a subsidiary of CIBC FirstCaribbean, and guaranteed on a subordinated basis by CIBC FirstCaribbean. |
(4) | Not redeemable prior to maturity date. |
(5) | Debentures are also subject to a non-viability contingent capital (NVCC) provision, necessary for the Debentures to qualify as Tier 2 regulatory capital under Basel III. As such, the Debentures are automatically converted into common shares upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event as described in the capital adequacy guidelines. In such an event, the Debentures are convertible into a number of common shares, determined by dividing 150% of the par value plus accrued and unpaid interest by the average common share price (as defined in the relevant prospectus supplements) subject to a minimum price of $2.50 per share (subject to adjustment in certain events as defined in the relevant prospectus supplements). |
(6) | Interest rate is fixed at the indicated rate until the earliest date redeemable at par by CIBC and, thereafter, at a rate of 1.00% above the three-month Canadian dollar bankers acceptance rate. |
(7) | Interest rate is fixed at the indicated rate until the earliest date redeemable at par by CIBC and, thereafter, at a rate of 1.18% above the three-month Canadian dollar bankers acceptance rate. |
(8) | Interest rate is fixed at the indicated rate until the earliest date redeemable at par by CIBC and, thereafter, at a rate of 1.28% above the three-month Canadian dollar bankers acceptance rate. |
(9) | Interest rate is fixed at the indicated rate until the earliest date redeemable at par by CIBC and, thereafter, at a rate of 0.56% above the three-month Canadian dollar bankers acceptance rate. |
(10) | Interest rate is fixed at the indicated rate until the earliest date redeemable at par by CIBC and, thereafter, at Daily Compounded Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average (CORRA) plus 1.69%. |
(11) | Interest rate is based on the six-month US$ LIBOR plus 0.25%. |
(12) | Nil (2021: US$6 million) of this issue was repurchased and cancelled during 2022. |
(13) | Interest rate is based on the six-month US$ LIBOR plus 0.125%. |
(14) | US$1 million (2021: US$2 million) of this issue was repurchased and cancelled during 2022. |
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Note 15 | Common and preferred shares and other equity instruments |
The following table presents the number of common and preferred shares outstanding and dividends paid, and other equity instruments and distributions paid thereon:
Common and preferred shares outstanding and other equity instruments
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | Series 45 preferred shares were redeemed on July 29, 2022. |
(3) | See 4.375% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 1 (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness) section below for details. |
(4) | Represents the annual interest rate percentage applicable to the LRCNs issued as at October 31 for each respective year. |
(5) | See 4.000% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 2 (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness) section below for details. |
(6) | See 7.150% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 3 (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness) section below for details. |
Common shares
CIBCs authorized capital consists of an unlimited number of common shares, without nominal or par value.
Common shares issued
$ millions, except number of shares, as at or for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||
Number of shares |
Amount | Number of shares |
Amount | |||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year (1) |
901,655,952 | $ | 14,351 | 894,170,658 | $ | 13,908 | ||||||||||
Issuance pursuant to: |
||||||||||||||||
Equity-settled share-based compensation plans (2) |
1,559,629 | 85 | 3,410,140 | 176 | ||||||||||||
Shareholder investment plan |
2,272,831 | 153 | 2,022,558 | 132 | ||||||||||||
Employee share purchase plan |
2,302,876 | 163 | 2,360,358 | 150 | ||||||||||||
907,791,288 | $ | 14,752 | 901,963,714 | $ | 14,366 | |||||||||||
Purchase of common shares for cancellation |
(1,800,000 | ) | (29 | ) | | | ||||||||||
Treasury shares |
48,809 | 3 | (307,762 | ) | (15 | ) | ||||||||||
Balance at end of year (1) |
906,040,097 | $ | 14,726 | 901,655,952 | $ | 14,351 |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | Includes the settlement of contingent consideration related to prior acquisitions. |
Share split
In February 2022, CIBCs Board of Directors approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares to be effected through an amendment to CIBCs by-laws. On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved the Share Split. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented.
Common shares reserved for issue
As at October 31, 2022, 25,579,546 common shares (2021: 26,941,886) were reserved for future issue pursuant to stock option plans, 21,402,179 common shares (2021: 23,675,010) were reserved for future issue pursuant to the Shareholder Investment Plan, 11,147,755 common shares (2021: 13,647,920) were reserved for future issue pursuant to the ESPP and other activities, and 5,663,395,500 common shares (2021: 4,794,037,500) were reserved for future issue pursuant to instruments which include an NVCC provision requiring conversion into common shares upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event as described in the capital adequacy guidelines.
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Consolidated financial statements |
Normal course issuer bid
On December 9, 2021, we announced that the Toronto Stock Exchange had accepted the notice of our intention to commence a normal course issuer bid. Purchases under this bid will be completed upon the earlier of: (i) CIBC purchasing 20 million common shares (on a post share split basis); (ii) CIBC providing a notice of termination; or (iii) December 12, 2022. For the year ended October 31, 2022, we purchased and cancelled 1,800,000 common shares (on a post share split basis) at an average price of $74.43 for a total amount of $134 million, all of which occurred during the first quarter.
Preferred shares and other equity instruments
CIBC is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Class A Preferred Shares and Class B Preferred Shares without nominal or par value, issuable in series, provided that, for each class of preferred shares, the maximum aggregate consideration for all outstanding shares at any time does not exceed $10 billion. There are no Class B Preferred Shares currently outstanding.
Preferred share and other equity instruments rights and privileges
Class A Preferred Shares
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 39, 41, 43, 47, 49, 51, and 56 (NVCC) are redeemable, subject to regulatory approval, for cash by CIBC on or after the specified redemption dates at the cash redemption prices indicated in the terms of the preferred shares. Class A Preferred Shares Series 39, 41, 43, 47, 49, and 51 bear quarterly non-cumulative dividends and Series 56 bears semi-annual non-cumulative dividends.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 39 (NVCC) (Series 39 shares)
On June 11, 2014, we issued 16 million Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 39 (NVCC) (Series 39 shares) with a par value of $25.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $400 million. For the initial five-year period to the earliest redemption date of July 31, 2019, the Series 39 shares paid quarterly cash dividends, as declared, at a rate of 3.90%. The dividend was reset to 3.713%, payable quarterly as and when declared by the Board, effective for the five-year period commencing July 31, 2019. On July 31, 2024, and on July 31 every five years thereafter, the dividend rate will reset to be equal to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 2.32%.
Holders of the Series 39 shares had the right to convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Non-cumulative Floating Rate Class A Preferred Shares Series 40 (NVCC) (Series 40 shares), subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2019. As the conditions for conversion were not met, no Series 40 shares were issued, and all of the Series 39 shares remain outstanding. Holders of the Series 39 shares will have the right to convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Series 40 shares, subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2024 and on July 31 every five years thereafter. Holders of the Series 40 shares will be entitled to receive a quarterly floating rate dividend, if declared, equal to the three-month Government of Canada Treasury Bill yield plus 2.32%. Holders of the then outstanding Series 40 shares may convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Series 39 shares, subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2029 and on July 31 every five years thereafter.
Subject to regulatory approval and certain provisions of the shares, we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 39 shares at par on July 31, 2024, and on July 31 every five years thereafter; we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 40 shares at par on July 31, 2029, and on July 31 every five years thereafter.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 41 (NVCC) (Series 41 shares)
On December 16, 2014, we issued 12 million Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 41 (NVCC) (Series 41 shares) with a par value of $25.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $300 million. For the initial five-year period to the earliest redemption date of January 31, 2020, the Series 41 shares paid quarterly cash dividends, as declared, at a rate of 3.75%. The dividend was reset to 3.909%, payable quarterly as and when declared by the Board, effective for the five-year period commencing January 31, 2020. On January 31, 2025, and on January 31 every five years thereafter, the dividend rate will reset to be equal to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 2.24%.
Holders of the Series 41 shares had the right to convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Non-cumulative Floating Rate Class A Preferred Shares Series 42 (NVCC) (Series 42 shares), subject to certain conditions, on January 31, 2020. As the conditions for conversion were not met, no Series 42 shares were issued, and all of the Series 41 shares remain outstanding. Holders of the Series 41 shares will have the right to convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Series 42 shares, subject to certain conditions, on January 31, 2025 and on January 31 every five years thereafter. Holders of the Series 42 shares will be entitled to receive a quarterly floating rate dividend, if declared, equal to the three-month Government of Canada Treasury Bill yield plus 2.24%. Holders of the then outstanding Series 42 shares may convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Series 41 shares, subject to certain conditions, on January 31, 2030 and on January 31 every five years thereafter.
Subject to regulatory approval and certain provisions of the shares, we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 41 shares at par on January 31, 2025 and on January 31 every five years thereafter; we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 42 shares at par on January 31, 2030 and on January 31 every five years thereafter.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 43 (NVCC) (Series 43 shares)
On March 11, 2015, we issued 12 million Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 43 (NVCC) (Series 43 shares) with a par value of $25.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $300 million. For the initial five-year period to the earliest redemption date of July 31, 2020, the Series 43 shares paid quarterly cash dividends, as declared, at a rate of 3.60%. The dividend was reset to 3.143%, payable quarterly as and when declared by the Board, effective for the five-year period commencing July 31, 2020. On July 31, 2025, and on July 31 every five years thereafter, the dividend rate will reset to be equal to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 2.79%.
Holders of the Series 43 shares had the right to convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Non-cumulative Floating Rate Class A Preferred Shares Series 44 (NVCC) (Series 44 shares), subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2020. As the conditions for conversion were not met, no Series 44 shares were issued, and all of the Series 43 shares remain outstanding. Holders of the Series 43 shares will have the right to convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Series 44 shares, subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2025 and on July 31 every five years thereafter. Holders of the Series 44 shares will be entitled to receive a quarterly floating rate dividend, if declared, equal to the three-month Government of Canada Treasury Bill yield plus 2.79%. Holders of the then outstanding Series 44 shares may convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Series 43 shares, subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2030 and on July 31 every five years thereafter.
Subject to regulatory approval and certain provisions of the shares, we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 43 shares at par on July 31, 2025 and on July 31 every five years thereafter; we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 44 shares at par on July 31, 2030 and on July 31 every five years thereafter.
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Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 45 (NVCC) (Series 45 shares)
On July 29, 2022, we redeemed all 32 million Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 45 (NVCC) (Series 45 shares), at a redemption price of $25.00 per Series 45 Preferred Share, for a total redemption cost of $800 million.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 47 (NVCC) (Series 47 shares)
On January 18, 2018, we issued 18 million Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 47 (NVCC) (Series 47 shares) with a par value of $25.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $450 million. For the initial five-year period to the earliest redemption date of January 31, 2023, the Series 47 shares pay quarterly cash dividends, as declared, at a rate of 4.50%. On January 31, 2023, and on January 31 every five years thereafter, the dividend rate will reset to be equal to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 2.45%.
Holders of the Series 47 shares will have the right to convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Non-cumulative Floating Rate Class A Preferred Shares Series 48 (NVCC) (Series 48 shares), subject to certain conditions, on January 31, 2023 and on January 31 every five years thereafter. Holders of the Series 48 shares will be entitled to receive a quarterly floating rate dividend, if declared, equal to the three-month Government of Canada Treasury Bill yield plus 2.45%. Holders of the then outstanding Series 48 shares may convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Series 47 shares, subject to certain conditions, on January 31, 2028 and on January 31 every five years thereafter.
Subject to regulatory approval and certain provisions of the shares, we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 47 shares at par on January 31, 2023 and on January 31 every five years thereafter; we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 48 shares at par on January 31, 2028 and on January 31 every five years thereafter.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 49 (NVCC) (Series 49 shares)
On January 22, 2019, we issued 13 million Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 49 (NVCC) (Series 49 shares) with a par value of $25.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $325 million. For the initial five-year period to the earliest redemption date of April 30, 2024, the Series 49 shares pay quarterly cash dividends, as declared, at a rate of 5.20%. On April 30, 2024, and on April 30 every five years thereafter, the dividend rate will reset to be equal to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 3.31%.
Holders of the Series 49 shares will have the right to convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Non-cumulative Floating Rate Class A Preferred Shares Series 50 (NVCC) (Series 50 shares), subject to certain conditions, on April 30, 2024 and on April 30 every five years thereafter. Holders of the Series 50 shares will be entitled to receive a quarterly floating rate dividend, if declared, equal to the three-month Government of Canada Treasury Bill yield plus 3.31%. Holders of the then outstanding Series 50 shares may convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Series 49 shares, subject to certain conditions, on April 30, 2029 and on April 30 every five years thereafter.
Subject to regulatory approval and certain provisions of the shares, we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 49 shares at par on April 30, 2024 and on April 30 every five years thereafter; we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 50 shares at par on April 30, 2029 and on April 30 every five years thereafter.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 51 (NVCC) (Series 51 shares)
On June 4, 2019, we issued 10 million Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 51 (NVCC) (Series 51 shares) with a par value of $25.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $250 million. For the initial five-year period to the earliest redemption date of July 31, 2024, the Series 51 shares pay quarterly cash dividends, as declared, at a rate of 5.15%. On July 31, 2024, and on July 31 every five years thereafter, the dividend rate will reset to be equal to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 3.62%.
Holders of the Series 51 shares will have the right to convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Non-cumulative Floating Rate Class A Preferred Shares Series 52 (NVCC) (Series 52 shares), subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2024 and on July 31 every five years thereafter. Holders of the Series 52 shares will be entitled to receive a quarterly floating rate dividend, if declared, equal to the three-month Government of Canada Treasury Bill yield plus 3.62%. Holders of the then outstanding Series 52 shares may convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Series 51 shares, subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2029 and on July 31 every five years thereafter.
Subject to regulatory approval and certain provisions of the shares, we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 51 shares at par on July 31, 2024 and on July 31 every five years thereafter; we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 52 shares at par on July 31, 2029 and on July 31 every five years thereafter.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 56 (NVCC) (Series 56 shares)
On September 16, 2022, we issued 600,000 Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 56 (NVCC) (Series 56 shares) with a par value of $1,000.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $600 million. For the initial five-year period to October 28, 2027, the Series 56 shares pay semi-annual cash dividends on the 28th day of April and October in each year, as declared, at a rate of 7.361%. The first dividend, if declared, will be payable on April 28, 2023. On October 28, 2027, and on October 28 every five years thereafter, the dividend rate will reset to be equal to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 4.20%.
Subject to regulatory approval and certain provisions of the shares, we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 56 shares at par during the period from September 28, 2027 to and including October 28, 2027 and during the period from September 28 to and including October 28 every five years thereafter.
4.375% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 1 (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness) (LRCN Series 1 Notes)
On September 16, 2020, we issued $750 million principal amount of 4.375% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 1 (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness). The LRCN Series 1 Notes mature on October 28, 2080, and bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.375% per annum (paid semi-annually) until October 28, 2025. Starting on October 28, 2025, and every five years thereafter until October 28, 2075, the interest rate will be reset to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 4.000% per annum.
Concurrently with the issuance of the LRCN Series 1 Notes, we issued Non-Cumulative 5-Year Fixed Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 53 (NVCC) (Series 53 shares) which are held in the CIBC LRCN Limited Recourse Trust (Limited Recourse Trust) that is consolidated by CIBC and as a result the Series 53 Preferred Shares are eliminated in CIBCs consolidated financial statements. In the event of non-payment by CIBC of the principal amount of, interest on, or redemption price for, the LRCN Series 1 Notes when due, the sole remedy of each LRCN Series 1 Note holder is limited to that holders proportionate share of the Series 53 Preferred Shares held in the Limited Recourse Trust.
Subject to regulatory approval, we may redeem the LRCN Series 1 Notes, in whole or in part, every five years during the period from September 28 to and including October 28, commencing in 2025, at par.
The LRCN Series 1 Notes and the Series 53 Preferred Shares carry standard NVCC provisions necessary for them to qualify as Tier 1 regulatory capital under Basel III (see NVCC conversion mechanics below). Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, each Series 53 Preferred
168 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Share held in the Limited Recourse Trust will automatically and immediately be converted, without the consent of LRCN Series 1 Note holders, into a variable number of common shares which will be delivered to LRCN Series 1 Note holders in satisfaction of the principal amount of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the LRCN Series 1 Notes. All claims of LRCN Series 1 Note holders against CIBC under the LRCN Series 1 Notes will be extinguished upon receipt of such common shares.
4.000% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 2 (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness) (LRCN Series 2 Notes)
On September 14, 2021, we issued $750 million principal amount of 4.000% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 2 (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness). The LRCN Series 2 Notes mature on January 28, 2082, and bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.000% per annum (paid semi-annually) until January 28, 2027. Starting on January 28, 2027, and every five years thereafter until January 28, 2077, the interest rate will be reset to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 3.102% per annum.
Concurrently with the issuance of the LRCN Series 2 Notes, we issued Non-Cumulative 5-Year Fixed Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 54 (NVCC) (Series 54 shares) which are held in the Limited Recourse Trust that is consolidated by CIBC and as a result the Series 54 Preferred Shares are eliminated in CIBCs consolidated financial statements. In the event of non-payment by CIBC of the principal amount of, interest on, or redemption price for, the LRCN Series 2 Notes when due, the sole remedy of each LRCN Series 2 Note holder is limited to that holders proportionate share of the Series 54 Preferred Shares held in the Limited Recourse Trust.
Subject to regulatory approval, we may redeem the LRCN Series 2 Notes, in whole or in part, every five years during the period from December 28 to and including January 28, commencing on December 28, 2026, at par.
The LRCN Series 2 Notes and the Series 54 Preferred Shares carry standard NVCC provisions necessary for them to qualify as Tier 1 regulatory capital under Basel III (see NVCC conversion mechanics below). Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, each Series 54 Preferred Share held in the Limited Recourse Trust will automatically and immediately be converted, without the consent of LRCN Series 2 Note holders, into a variable number of common shares which will be delivered to LRCN Series 2 Note holders in satisfaction of the principal amount of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the LRCN Series 2 Notes. All claims of LRCN Series 2 Note holders against CIBC under the LRCN Series 2 Notes will be extinguished upon receipt of such common shares.
7.150% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 3 (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness) (LRCN Series 3 Notes)
On June 15, 2022, we issued $800 million principal amount of 7.150% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 3 (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness). The LRCN Series 3 Notes mature on July 28, 2082, and bear interest at a fixed rate of 7.150% per annum (paid semi-annually) until July 28, 2027. Starting on July 28, 2027, and every five years thereafter until July 28, 2077, the interest rate will be reset to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 4.000% per annum.
Concurrently with the issuance of the LRCN Series 3 Notes, we issued Non-Cumulative 5-Year Fixed Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 55 (NVCC) (Series 55 shares), which are held in the Limited Recourse Trust that is consolidated by CIBC and, as a result, the Series 55 Preferred Shares are eliminated in CIBCs consolidated financial statements. In the event of non-payment by CIBC of the principal amount of, interest on, or redemption price for, the LRCN Series 3 Notes when due, the sole remedy of each LRCN Series 3 Note holder is limited to that holders proportionate share of the Series 55 Preferred Shares held in the Limited Recourse Trust. Subject to regulatory approval, we may redeem the LRCN Series 3 Notes, in whole or in part, every five years during the period from June 28 to and including July 28, commencing on June 28, 2027, at par.
Subject to regulatory approval, we may redeem the LRCN Series 3 Notes, in whole or in part, every five years during the period from June 28 to and including July 28, commencing on June 28, 2027, at par.
The LRCN Series 3 Notes and the Series 55 Preferred Shares carry standard NVCC provisions necessary for them to qualify as Tier 1 regulatory capital under Basel III (see NVCC conversion mechanics below). Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, each Series 55 Preferred Share held in the Limited Recourse Trust will automatically and immediately be converted, without the consent of LRCN Series 3 Note holders, into a variable number of common shares that will be delivered to LRCN Series 3 Note holders in satisfaction of the principal amount of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the LRCN Series 3 Notes. All claims of LRCN Series 3 Note holders against CIBC under the LRCN Series 3 Notes will be extinguished upon receipt of such common shares.
Limited Recourse Capital Notes (the Notes)
The Notes are compound instruments with both equity and liability features as payments of interest and principal in cash are made at our discretion, as the sole recourse of each Note holder in the event of non-payment will be limited to that holders proportionate share of the non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 53, 54 and 55 held in the Limited Recourse Trust. The liability component of the Notes has a nominal value and, as a result, the full proceeds received upon the issuance of the Notes have been presented as equity on the consolidated balance sheet and any interest payments paid thereon are accounted for as equity distributions.
NVCC conversion mechanics
Each series of Class A Preferred Shares discussed above are subject to an NVCC provision, necessary for the shares to qualify as regulatory capital under Basel III. As such, the shares are automatically converted into common shares upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event. As described in the Capital Adequacy Guidelines, a Trigger Event occurs when OSFI determines the bank is or is about to become non-viable and, if after conversion of all contingent instruments and consideration of any other relevant factors or circumstances, it is reasonably likely that its viability will be restored or maintained; or if the bank has accepted or agreed to accept a capital injection or equivalent support from a federal or provincial government, without which OSFI would have determined the bank to be non-viable. Each such share is convertible into a number of common shares, determined by dividing the par value of $25.00 (except, $1,000 in the case of the Series 53, 54, 55, and 56 Preferred Shares) plus declared and unpaid dividends (except for the Series 53, 54 and 55 Preferred Shares while held in the Limited Recourse Trust) by the average common share price (as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement) subject to a minimum price of $2.50 per share (subject to adjustment in certain events as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement). We have recorded the Series 39, Series 41, Series 43, Series 47, Series 49, Series 51 and Series 56 shares as equity.
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Terms of Class A Preferred Shares
Outstanding as at October 31, 2022 | Semi-annually dividends per share (1) |
Quarterly dividends per share (1) |
Earliest specified redemption date |
Cash redemption price per share |
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Series 39 |
$ | 0.232063 | July 31, 2024 | $ | 25.00 | |||||||||||
Series 41 |
0.244313 | January 31, 2025 | 25.00 | |||||||||||||
Series 43 |
0.196438 | July 31, 2025 | 25.00 | |||||||||||||
Series 47 |
0.281250 | January 31, 2023 | 25.00 | |||||||||||||
Series 49 |
0.325000 | April 30, 2024 | 25.00 | |||||||||||||
Series 51 |
0.321875 | July 31, 2024 | 25.00 | |||||||||||||
Series 56 |
$ | 36.825000 | September 28, 2027 | 1,000.00 |
(1) | Dividends may be adjusted depending on the timing of issuance or redemption. |
Restrictions on the payment of dividends
Under Section 79 of the Bank Act (Canada), a bank, including CIBC, is prohibited from declaring or paying any dividends on its preferred or common shares if there are reasonable grounds for believing that the bank is, or the payment would cause it to be, in contravention of any capital adequacy or liquidity regulation or any direction to the bank made by OSFI.
In addition, our ability to pay common share dividends is also restricted by the terms of the outstanding preferred shares. These terms provide that we may not pay dividends on our common shares at any time without the approval of holders of the outstanding preferred shares, unless all dividends to preferred shareholders that are then payable have been declared and paid or set apart for payment. Our Series 53, 54, and 55 Preferred Shares further limit the payment of dividends on the outstanding Class A Preferred Shares Series 39, 41, 43, 47, 49, 51, and 56 in certain limited circumstances.
Currently, these limitations do not restrict the payment of dividends on our preferred or common shares.
Capital
Objectives, policy and procedures
Our overall capital management objective is to employ a strong and efficient capital base. We manage capital in accordance with a capital policy approved by the Board, which includes specific guidelines that relate to capital strength, capital mix, dividends and return of capital, and the unconsolidated capital adequacy of regulated entities. Capital is monitored continuously for compliance.
Each year, a Capital Plan and three-year outlook are established as a part of the financial plan, and they encompass all material elements of capital: forecasts of sources and uses of capital including earnings, dividends, business growth, and corporate initiatives, as well as maturities, redemptions, and issuances of capital instruments. The Capital Plan is stress-tested to ensure that it is sufficiently robust under severe but plausible stress scenarios. The level of capital and capital ratios are monitored throughout the year including a comparison to the Capital Plan. There were no significant changes made to the objectives, policy, guidelines and procedures during the year.
Regulatory capital, leverage and total loss absorbing capacity (TLAC) requirements
Our regulatory capital requirements are determined in accordance with guidelines issued by OSFI, which are based on the capital standards developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS).
CIBC has been designated by OSFI as a domestic systemically important bank (D-SIB) in Canada, and is subject to a Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) surcharge equal to 1.0% of RWA. OSFI also expects D-SIBs to hold a Domestic Stability Buffer (DSB) of 2.5% effective October 31, 2021, reflecting the highest DSB requirement under OSFI capital requirements. The resulting targets established by OSFI for D-SIBs, including all buffer requirements, for CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratios of 10.5%, 12.0%, and 14.0%, respectively. These targets may be higher for certain institutions at OSFIs discretion.
Regulatory capital consists of CET1, Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital. CET1 capital includes common shares, retained earnings, AOCI (excluding AOCI relating to cash flow hedges and changes to FVO liabilities attributable to changes in own credit risk), and qualifying instruments issued by a consolidated banking subsidiary to third parties, less regulatory adjustments for items such as goodwill and other intangible assets (net of related deferred tax liabilities), certain deferred tax assets, net assets related to defined benefit pension plans as reported on our consolidated balance sheet (net of related deferred tax liabilities), and certain investments. Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital primarily includes NVCC preferred shares, Limited Recourse Capital Notes, qualifying instruments issued by a consolidated subsidiary to third parties. Tier 2 capital includes NVCC subordinated indebtedness, eligible collective allowance under the standardized approach, and qualifying instruments issued by a consolidated subsidiary to third parties.
OSFI also requires D-SIBs to maintain a supervisory target TLAC ratio (which builds on the risk-based capital ratios) and a minimum TLAC leverage ratio (which builds on the leverage ratio). OSFI expects D-SIBs to have a minimum risk-based TLAC ratio of 21.5% plus the then applicable DSB requirement (2.5% as noted above), and a minimum TLAC leverage ratio of 6.75%, beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2022. TLAC consists of regulatory capital and bail-in eligible liabilities that have residual maturity greater than one year.
To supplement risk-based capital requirements, OSFI expects federally regulated deposit-taking institutions to have a leverage ratio, which is a non-risk-based capital metric, that meets or exceeds 3.0%. This minimum may be higher for certain institutions at OSFIs discretion. On April 9, 2020, OSFI announced temporary exclusion of central bank reserves and qualifying sovereign-issued securities from the leverage ratio exposure measure in response to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Starting January 1, 2022, the temporary exclusion of qualifying sovereign-issued securities from the leverage ratio exposure measure was no longer applicable. On September 13, 2022, OSFI announced that the temporary exclusion of central bank reserves from the leverage exposure measure will be no longer applicable effective April 1, 2023. Effective February 1, 2023, D-SIBs will be expected to have leverage ratios that meet or exceed 3.5%, including a leverage ratio buffer introduced under the modified Leverage Ratio framework as part of Basel III reforms.
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Consolidated financial statements |
Our capital ratios and leverage ratio are presented in the table below:
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
CET1 capital (1) |
$ | 37,005 | $ | 33,751 | ||||||
Tier 1 capital (1) |
A | 41,946 | 38,344 | |||||||
Total capital (1) |
48,263 | 44,202 | ||||||||
Total RWA |
B | 315,634 | 272,814 | |||||||
CET1 ratio |
11.7 | % | 12.4 | % | ||||||
Tier 1 capital ratio |
13.3 | % | 14.1 | % | ||||||
Total capital ratio |
15.3 | % | 16.2 | % | ||||||
Leverage ratio exposure (2) |
C | $ | 961,791 | $ | 823,343 | |||||
Leverage ratio (2) |
A/C | 4.4 | % | 4.7 | % | |||||
TLAC available |
D | $ | 95,136 | $ | 76,701 | |||||
TLAC ratio |
D/B | 30.1 % | 28.1 | % | ||||||
TLAC leverage ratio |
D/C | 9.9 | % | 9.3 | % |
(1) | Includes the impact of the ECL transitional arrangement announced by OSFI on March 27, 2020. The transitional arrangement results in a portion of ECL allowances that would otherwise be included in Tier 2 capital qualifying for inclusion in CET1 capital. The amount is subject to certain adjustments and limitations until 2022. |
(2) | The temporary exclusion of qualifying sovereign-issued securities from the leverage ratio exposure measure in response to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was no longer applicable beginning in the first quarter of 2022. Central bank reserves continue to be excluded from the measure. On September 13, 2022, OSFI announced that the temporary exclusion of central bank reserves from the leverage exposure measure will be no longer applicable effective April 1, 2023. |
During the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, we have complied with OSFIs regulatory capital, leverage ratio, and TLAC requirements.
Note 16 | Capital Trust securities |
CIBC Capital Trust was a trust wholly owned by CIBC and established under the laws of the Province of Ontario. CIBC Tier 1 Notes were issued on March 13, 2009. CIBC Capital Trust was not consolidated by CIBC and the senior deposit notes issued by CIBC to CIBC Capital Trust were reported as Deposits Business and government on the consolidated balance sheet.
The Notes were structured to achieve Tier 1 regulatory capital treatment and, as such, had features of equity capital. Under the OSFI Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) Guideline, any Tier 1 Notes outstanding as of November 1, 2021 would not be recognized as regulatory capital. With OSFIs prior approval, on November 1, 2021, CIBC Capital Trust redeemed its remaining $300 million of Tier 1 Notes at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest up to but excluding the redemption date. As a result of the redemption of the Tier 1 Notes by CIBC Capital Trust, CIBC also redeemed the corresponding senior deposit notes issued by CIBC to CIBC Capital Trust on November 1, 2021.
Note 17 | Share-based payments |
We provide the following share-based compensation to certain employees and directors in the form of cash-settled or equity-settled awards.
Restricted share award plan(1)
Under the RSA plan, share unit equivalents (RSA units) are granted to certain key employees on an annual basis or during the year as special grants. RSA grants are made in the form of cash-settled awards which generally vest and settle in cash either at the end of three years or one-third annually beginning one year after the date of the grant. Dividend equivalents on RSA units are paid in cash or in the form of additional RSA units to the employees at the end of the vesting period or settlement date.
Grant date fair value of each cash-settled RSA unit granted is calculated based on the average closing price per common share on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) for the 10 trading days prior to a date specified in the grant terms. Upon vesting, each RSA unit is settled in cash based on the average closing price per common share on the TSX for the 10 trading days prior to the vesting date.
During the year, 5,656,353 RSAs were granted at a weighted-average price of $73.43 (2021: 5,798,730 granted at a weighted-average price of $55.67) and the number of RSAs outstanding as at October 31, 2022 was 17,022,399 (2021: 17,043,678). Compensation expense in respect of RSAs, before the impact of hedging for changes in share price, totalled $247 million in 2022 (2021: $692 million). As at October 31, 2022, liabilities in respect of RSAs, which are included in Other liabilities, were $973 million (2021: $1,136 million).
Performance share unit plan(1)
Under the PSU plan, awards are granted to certain key employees on an annual basis in December. PSU grants are made in the form of cash-settled awards which vest and settle in cash at the end of three years. Dividend equivalents on PSUs are provided in the form of additional PSUs.
The grant date fair value of each cash-settled PSU is calculated based on the average closing price per common share on the TSX for the 10 trading days prior to a date specified in the grant terms. The final number of PSUs that vest will range from 75% to 125% of the initial number awarded based on CIBCs performance relative to the other major Canadian banks. Upon vesting, each PSU is settled in cash based on the average closing price per common share on the TSX for the 10 trading days prior to the vesting date.
During the year, 1,652,812 PSUs were granted at a weighted-average price of $73.77 (2021: 1,752,590 granted at a weighted-average price of $55.08). As at October 31, 2022, the number of PSUs outstanding, before the impact of CIBCs relative performance, was 5,501,190 (2021: 5,823,600). Compensation expense in respect of PSUs, before the impact of hedging for changes in share price, totalled $90 million in 2022 (2021: $241 million). As at October 31, 2022, liabilities in respect of PSUs, which are included in Other liabilities, were $341 million (2021: $413 million).
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
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Consolidated financial statements |
Exchangeable shares
As part of our acquisition of Wellington Financial in the first quarter of 2018, equity-settled awards in the form of exchangeable shares, which vest over a period of up to five years and have specific service and non-market performance vesting conditions, were issued to selected employees. Employees receive dividend equivalents in the form of additional common shares upon vesting. Compensation expense in respect of the exchangeable shares is based on the grant date fair value, adjusted for the impact of best estimates on the satisfaction of the service requirements and non-market performance conditions. At the acquisition, each exchangeable share was granted at $123.99, and the number of exchangeable shares outstanding that have not vested as at October 31, 2022 was 100,907 (2021: 153,015). The number of exchangeable shares outstanding was not impacted by the two-for-one share split of CIBC common shares that was effective at the close of business on May 13, 2022; however, employees will receive additional common shares upon exchange to reflect the share split. Compensation expense in respect of exchangeable shares totalled $3 million in 2022 (2021: $12 million).
Deferred share unit plan/deferred compensation plan(1)
Under the DSU plan and DCP plan, certain employees can elect to receive DSUs in exchange for cash compensation that they would otherwise be entitled to. In addition, certain key employees are granted DSUs during the year as special grants. DSUs are generally fully vested upon grant or vest in accordance with the vesting schedule defined in the grant agreement and settle in cash on a date within the period specified in the plan terms. Employees receive dividend equivalents in the form of additional DSUs.
Grant date fair value of each cash settled DSU that is not granted under the DCP is calculated based on the average closing price per common share on the TSX for the 10 trading days prior to a date specified in the grant terms. These DSUs are settled in cash based on the average closing price per common share on the TSX for the 10 trading days prior to the payout date and after the employees termination of employment. The grant date fair value for DCP grants is based on the closing stock price on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on the last day of the calendar quarter. Upon distribution, each DSU is settled in cash based on the average closing price per common share on the NYSE for the 10 trading days prior to the date of the distribution.
During the year, 315,545 DSUs were granted at a weighted-average price of $73.54 (2021: 364,348 granted at a weighted-average price of $55.31) and the number of DSUs outstanding as at October 31, 2022 was 2,079,118 (2021: 1,786,036). Compensation expense in respect of DSUs, before the impact of hedging for changes in share price, totalled $2 million in 2022 (2021: $70 million). As at October 31, 2022, liabilities in respect of DSUs, which are included in Other liabilities, were $147 million (2021: $146 million).
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
Directors plans
Each director who is not an officer or employee of CIBC may elect to receive: 1) the annual equity retainer as either DSUs or common shares, under the Director DSU/Common Share Election Plan and 2) all or a portion of their remuneration in the form of cash, common shares or DSUs under the Non-Officer Director Share Plan.
The value of DSUs credited to a director is payable when he or she is no longer a director or employee of CIBC or of an affiliate of CIBC, and for directors subject to section 409A of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the director is not providing any services to CIBC or any member of its controlled group as an independent contractor. In addition, under the Director DSU/Common Share Election Plan, the value of DSUs is payable only if the director is not related to, or affiliated with, CIBC as defined in the Income Tax Act (Canada).
Other non-interest expense in respect of the DSU components, before the impact of hedging for changes in share price of these plans, totalled ($4) million in 2022 (2021: $14 million). As at October 31, 2022, liabilities in respect of DSUs, which are included in Other liabilities, were $26 million (2021: $37 million).
Stock option plans
Under the ESOP, stock options are periodically granted to certain key employees. Options provide the employee with the right to purchase common shares from CIBC at a fixed price not less than the closing price of the shares on the trading day immediately preceding the grant date. In general, the options vest by the end of the fourth year and expire 10 years from the grant date.
The following tables summarize the activities of the stock options and provide additional details related to stock options outstanding and vested.
As at or for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||
Number of stock |
Weighted- average exercise price (1)(2) |
Number options (1) |
Weighted- average exercise price (1) |
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Outstanding at beginning of year |
10,295,854 | $ | 53.34 | 11,360,222 | $ | 50.20 | ||||||||||
Granted |
2,565,310 | 70.05 | 2,114,416 | 55.40 | ||||||||||||
Exercised (3) |
(1,362,340 | ) | 48.42 | (3,050,788 | ) | 43.92 | ||||||||||
Forfeited |
(60,800 | ) | 56.08 | (127,996 | ) | 55.93 | ||||||||||
Cancelled/expired |
| | | | ||||||||||||
Outstanding at end of year |
11,438,024 | $ | 57.73 | 10,295,854 | $ | 53.34 | ||||||||||
Exercisable at end of year |
4,381,128 | $ | 53.03 | 4,135,122 | $ | 49.48 | ||||||||||
Available for grant |
14,141,522 | 16,646,032 | ||||||||||||||
Reserved for future issue |
25,579,546 | 26,941,886 |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. The number of stock options and the weighted-average exercise price have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split such that the value of the outstanding and vested stock options to the employees was not impacted by the Share Split. |
(2) | For foreign currency-denominated options granted and exercised during the year, the weighted-average exercise prices are translated using exchange rates as at the grant date and settlement date, respectively. The weighted-average exercise price of outstanding balances as at October 31, 2022 reflects the conversion of foreign currency-denominated options at the year-end exchange rate. |
(3) | The weighted-average share price at the date of exercise was $76.35 (2021: $64.25). |
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Consolidated financial statements |
As at October 31, 2022 | Stock options outstanding (1) | Stock options vested (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Range of exercise prices | Number outstanding |
Weighted- average contractual life remaining |
Weighted- price |
Number outstanding |
Weighted- price |
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$1.00 $20.00 |
73,574 | 0.31 | $ | 16.15 | 73,574 | $ | 16.15 | |||||||||||||||||
$20.01 $30.00 |
25,142 | 1.32 | 25.15 | 25,142 | 25.15 | |||||||||||||||||||
$30.01 $40.00 |
171,486 | 2.86 | 31.14 | 171,486 | 31.14 | |||||||||||||||||||
$40.01 $50.00 |
791,454 | 2.15 | 46.85 | 791,454 | 46.85 | |||||||||||||||||||
$50.01 $60.00 |
6,636,482 | 6.47 | 55.15 | 2,140,046 | 54.82 | |||||||||||||||||||
$60.01 $70.00 |
1,179,426 | 5.12 | 60.01 | 1,179,426 | 60.01 | |||||||||||||||||||
$70.01 $80.00 |
2,560,460 | 9.10 | 70.05 | | | |||||||||||||||||||
11,438,024 | 6.52 | $ | 57.73 | 4,381,128 | $ | 53.03 |
The fair value of options granted during the year was measured at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Model assumptions are based on observable market data for the risk-free interest rate and dividend yield, contractual terms for the exercise price, and historical experience for expected life. Volatility assumptions are best estimates of market implied volatility matching the exercise price and expected life of the options.
The following weighted-average assumptions were used as inputs into the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of options on the date of grant:
For the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Weighted-average assumptions |
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Risk-free interest rate |
1.84 | % | 0.96 | % | ||||
Expected dividend yield |
5.80 | % | 6.50 | % | ||||
Expected share price volatility |
18.03 | % | 20.25 | % | ||||
Expected life |
6 years | 6 years | ||||||
Share price/exercise price (1) |
$ | 70.05 | $ | 55.395 |
For 2022, the weighted-average(1) grant date fair value of options was $4.68 (2021: $3.37). The fair value of options for 2021 has been restated to reflect the two-for-one Share Split with a corresponding increase in the number of options granted such that the compensation expense recognized over the vesting period is not affected by the stock split.
Compensation expense in respect of stock options totalled $21 million in 2022 (2021: $7 million).
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
Employee share purchase plan
Under our Canadian ESPP, qualifying employees can choose each year to have any portion of their eligible earnings withheld to purchase common shares. We match 50% of the employee contribution amount, up to a maximum contribution of 3% of eligible earnings, subject to a ceiling of $2,250 annually. CIBC contributions vest after employees have two years of continuous participation in the plan, and all subsequent contributions vest immediately. Similar programs exist in other regions globally, where each year qualifying employees can choose to have a portion of their eligible earnings withheld to purchase common shares and receive a matching employer contribution subject to each plans provisions. Employee contributions to our ESPP are used to purchase common shares from Treasury. CIBC FirstCaribbean operates an ESPP locally, in which contributions are used by the plan trustee to purchase CIBC FirstCaribbean common shares in the open market.
Our contributions are expensed as incurred and totalled $57 million in 2022 (2021: $53 million).
Note 18 | Post-employment benefits |
We sponsor pension and other post-employment benefit plans for eligible employees in a number of jurisdictions including Canada, the U.S., the U.K., and the Caribbean. Our pension plans include registered funded defined benefit pension plans, supplemental arrangements that provide pension benefits in excess of statutory limits, and defined contribution plans. We also provide certain health-care, life insurance, and other benefits to eligible employees and retired members. Plan assets and defined benefit obligations related to our defined benefit plans are measured for accounting purposes as at October 31 each year.
Plan characteristics, funding and risks
Pension plans
Pension plans include CIBCs Canadian, U.S., U.K., and Caribbean pension plans. CIBCs Canadian pension plans represent approximately 91% of our consolidated defined benefit obligation. All of our Canadian pension plans are defined benefit plans, the most significant of which is our principal Canadian pension plan (the CIBC Pension Plan), which encompasses approximately 67,000 active, deferred, and retired members.
The CIBC Pension Plan provides members with monthly pension income at retirement based on a prescribed plan formula which is based on a combination of maximum yearly pensionable earnings, average earnings at retirement and length of service recognized in the plan. There is a two-year waiting period for members to join the CIBC Pension Plan.
The CIBC Pension Plan is funded through a separate trust. Actuarial funding valuations are prepared by the Plans external actuary at least once every three years or more frequently as required by Canadian pension legislation to determine CIBCs minimum funding requirements as well as maximum permitted contributions. Any deficits determined in the funding valuations must generally be funded over a period not exceeding fifteen years. CIBCs pension funding policy is to make at least the minimum annual required contributions required by regulations. Any contributions in excess of the minimum requirements are discretionary.
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The CIBC Pension Plan is registered with OSFI and the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) and is subject to the acts and regulations that govern federally regulated pension plans.
Other post-employment plans
Other post-employment plans include CIBCs Canadian, U.S. and Caribbean post-retirement health-care benefit plans (referred to for disclosure purposes as other post-employment plans). CIBCs Canadian other post-employment plan (the Canadian post-employment plan) represents more than 93% of our consolidated other post-employment defined benefit obligation.
The Canadian post-employment plan provides medical, dental and life insurance benefits to retirees that meet specified eligibility requirements, including specified age and service period eligibility requirements. CIBC reimburses 100% of the cost of benefits for eligible employees that retired prior to January 1, 2009, whereas the contribution level for medical and dental benefits for eligible employees that retire subsequent to this date has been fixed at a specified level. The plan is funded on a pay-as-you-go basis.
Benefit changes
There were no material changes to the terms of our Canadian defined benefit pension plans in 2022 or 2021. Certain plan amendments were made to our other pension and other post-employment plans in 2022, which resulted in a negative past service cost.
Risks
CIBCs defined benefit plans expose the group to actuarial risks (such as longevity risk), currency risk, interest rate risk, market (investment) risk and health-care cost inflation risks.
The CIBC pension plan operates a currency overlay strategy, which may use forwards or similar instruments, to manage and mitigate its currency risk.
Interest rate risk is managed as part of the CIBC pension plans liability-driven investment strategy through a combination of physical bonds, overlays funded in the repo market, and/or derivatives.
Market (investment) risk is mitigated through a multi-asset portfolio construction process that diversifies across a variety of market risk drivers.
The use of derivatives within the CIBC pension plan is governed by its derivatives policy that was approved by the Pension Benefits Management Committee (PBMC) and permits the use of derivatives to manage risk at the discretion of the Pension Investment Committee (PIC). In addition to the management of interest rate risk, risk reduction and mitigation strategies may include hedging of currency, credit spread and/or equity risks. The derivatives policy also permits the use of derivatives to enhance plan returns.
Plan governance
All of CIBCs pension arrangements are governed by local pension committees, senior management or a board of trustees. However, all significant plan changes require approval from the Management Resources and Compensation Committee (MRCC). For the Canadian pension plans, the MRCC is responsible for setting the strategy for the pension plans, reviewing material risks, performance including funded status, and approving material design or governance changes.
While specific investment policies are determined at a plan level to reflect the unique characteristics of each plan, common investment policies for all plans include the optimization of the risk-return relationship using a portfolio of multiple asset classes diversified by market segment, economic sector, and issuer. The objectives are to secure the benefits promised by our funded plans, to maximize long-term investment returns while not compromising the benefit security of the respective plans, manage the level of funding contributions in conjunction with the stability of the funded status, and implement all policies in a cost effective manner. Investments in quoted debt and equity (held either directly or indirectly through investment funds) represent the most significant asset allocations.
The use of derivatives is limited to the purposes and instruments described in the derivatives policy of the CIBC Pension Plan. These include the use of synthetic debt or equity instruments, currency hedging, risk reduction and enhancement of returns.
Investments in specific asset classes are further diversified across funds, managers, strategies, sectors and geographies, depending on the specific characteristics of each asset class.
The exposure to any one of these asset classes will be determined by our assessment of the needs of the plan assets and economic and financial market conditions. Factors evaluated before adopting the asset mix include demographics, cash-flow payout requirements, liquidity requirements, actuarial assumptions, expected benefit increases, and plan funding requirements.
Management of the assets of the various Canadian plans has been delegated primarily to the PIC, which is a committee that is composed of CIBC management. The PIC is responsible for the appointment and termination of individual investment managers (which includes CIBC Asset Management Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of CIBC), who each have investment discretion within established target asset mix ranges as set by the PBMC. Should a funds actual asset mix fall outside specified ranges, the assets are re-balanced as required to be within the target asset mix ranges. On a periodic basis, an Asset-Liability Matching study is performed in which the consequences of the strategic investment policies are analyzed.
Management of the actuarial valuations of the various Canadian plans is primarily the responsibility of the PBMC. The PBMC is responsible for approving the actuarial assumptions for the valuations of the plans, and for recommending the level of annual funding for the Canadian plans to CIBC senior management.
Local committees with similar mandates manage our non-Canadian plans and annually report back to the MRCC on all material governance activities.
174 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Amounts recognized on the consolidated balance sheet
The following tables present the financial position of our defined benefit pension and other post-employment plans for Canada, the U.S., the U.K., and our Caribbean subsidiaries. Other minor plans operated by some of our subsidiaries are not material and are not included in these disclosures.
Pension plans | Other post-employment plans | |||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
Defined benefit obligation |
||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 8,564 | $ | 9,139 | $ | 549 | $ | 609 | ||||||||
Current service cost |
265 | 280 | 7 | 7 | ||||||||||||
Past service cost |
| (1 | ) | (8 | ) | 9 | ||||||||||
Interest cost on defined benefit obligation |
303 | 267 | 19 | 17 | ||||||||||||
Gain on settlements |
1 | | | | ||||||||||||
Employee contributions |
4 | 5 | | | ||||||||||||
Benefits paid |
(379 | ) | (386 | ) | (27 | ) | (26 | ) | ||||||||
Special termination benefits |
(1 | ) | | | | |||||||||||
Foreign exchange rate changes and other (1) |
58 | (49 | ) | 6 | (3 | ) | ||||||||||
Net actuarial (gains) losses on defined benefit obligation |
(1,775 | ) | (691 | ) | (110 | ) | (64 | ) | ||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 7,040 | $ | 8,564 | $ | 436 | $ | 549 | ||||||||
Plan assets |
||||||||||||||||
Fair value at beginning of year |
$ | 9,904 | $ | 9,341 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
Interest income on plan assets (2) |
360 | 282 | | | ||||||||||||
Net actuarial gains (losses) on plan assets (2) |
(1,592 | ) | 479 | | | |||||||||||
Employer contributions |
79 | 249 | 27 | 26 | ||||||||||||
Employee contributions |
4 | 5 | | | ||||||||||||
Benefits paid |
(379 | ) | (386 | ) | (27 | ) | (26 | ) | ||||||||
Settlements and special termination benefits |
(1 | ) | | | | |||||||||||
Plan administration costs |
(8 | ) | (8 | ) | | | ||||||||||
Foreign exchange rate changes and other (1) |
68 | (58 | ) | | | |||||||||||
Fair value at end of year |
$ | 8,435 | $ | 9,904 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
Net defined benefit asset (liability) |
1,395 | 1,340 | (436 | ) | (549 | ) | ||||||||||
Valuation allowance (3) |
(16 | ) | (17 | ) | | | ||||||||||
Net defined benefit asset (liability), net of valuation allowance |
$ | 1,379 | $ | 1,323 | $ | (436 | ) | $ | (549 | ) |
(1) | Includes the addition of the defined benefit obligations and plan assets related to the pension plans and other post-employment plans of immaterial subsidiaries with a net defined benefit liability of $3 million as at October 31, 2022. |
(2) | The actual return on plan assets for the year was a loss of $1,232 million (2021: gain of $761 million). |
(3) | The valuation allowance reflects the effect of asset ceiling on plans with a net defined benefit asset. |
The net defined benefit asset (liability), net of valuation allowance, included in other assets and other liabilities is as follows:
Pension plans | Other post-employment plans | |||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
Other assets |
$ | 1,420 | $ | 1,372 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
Other liabilities (1) |
(41 | ) | (49 | ) | (436 | ) | (549 | ) | ||||||||
$ | 1,379 | $ | 1,323 | $ | (436 | ) | $ | (549 | ) |
(1) | Excludes nil (2021: $4 million) of other liabilities for other post-employment plans of immaterial subsidiaries. |
The defined benefit obligation and plan assets by region are as follows:
Pension plans | Other post-employment plans | |||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
Defined benefit obligation |
||||||||||||||||
Canada |
$ | 6,382 | $ | 7,846 | $ | 405 | $ | 512 | ||||||||
U.S., U.K., and the Caribbean |
658 | 718 | 31 | 37 | ||||||||||||
Defined benefit obligation at the end of year |
$ | 7,040 | $ | 8,564 | $ | 436 | $ | 549 | ||||||||
Plan assets |
||||||||||||||||
Canada |
$ | 7,666 | $ | 8,996 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
U.S., U.K., and the Caribbean |
769 | 908 | | | ||||||||||||
Plan assets at the end of year |
$ | 8,435 | $ | 9,904 | $ | | $ | |
Amounts recognized in the consolidated statement of income
The net defined benefit expense for our defined benefit plans in Canada, the U.S., the U.K., and the Caribbean is as follows:
Pension plans | Other post-employment plans | |||||||||||||||
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
Current service cost (1) |
$ | 265 | $ | 280 | $ | 7 | $ | 7 | ||||||||
Past service cost |
| (1 | ) | (8 | ) | 9 | ||||||||||
Gain on settlements |
1 | | | | ||||||||||||
Interest cost on defined benefit obligation |
303 | 267 | 19 | 17 | ||||||||||||
Interest income on plan assets |
(360 | ) | (282 | ) | | | ||||||||||
Interest expense on effect of asset ceiling |
1 | | | | ||||||||||||
Plan administration costs |
8 | 8 | | | ||||||||||||
Net defined benefit plan expense recognized in net income |
$ | 218 | $ | 272 | $ | 18 | $ | 33 |
(1) | The 2022 and 2021 current service costs were calculated using separate discount rates of 3.61% and 2.99%, respectively, to reflect the longer duration of future benefits payments associated with the additional year of service to be earned by the plans active participants. |
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Consolidated financial statements |
Amounts recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income
The net remeasurement gains (losses) recognized in OCI for our defined benefit plans in Canada, the U.S., the U.K., and the Caribbean is as follows:
Pension plans | Other post-employment plans | |||||||||||||||
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
Actuarial gains (losses) on defined benefit obligation arising from changes in: |
||||||||||||||||
Demographic assumptions |
$ | 5 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | | $ | 16 | |||||||
Financial assumptions |
2,033 | 798 | 106 | 42 | ||||||||||||
Experience |
(263 | ) | (106 | ) | 4 | 6 | ||||||||||
Net actuarial gains (losses) on plan assets |
(1,592 | ) | 479 | | | |||||||||||
Changes in asset ceiling excluding interest income |
2 | | | | ||||||||||||
Net remeasurement gains (losses) recognized in OCI (1) |
$ | 185 | $ | 1,170 | $ | 110 | $ | 64 |
(1) | Excludes net remeasurement gains/losses recognized in OCI in respect of immaterial subsidiaries not included in the disclosures totalling nil (2021: $6 million of net losses). |
Canadian defined benefit plans
As the Canadian defined benefit pension and other post-employment benefit plans represent approximately 91% of our consolidated defined benefit obligation, they are the subject and focus of the disclosures in the balance of this note.
Disaggregation and maturity profile of defined benefit obligation
The breakdown of the defined benefit obligation for our Canadian plans between active, deferred and retired members is as follows:
Pension plans | Other post-employment plans | |||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
Active members |
$ | 3,164 | $ | 4,014 | $ | 75 | $ | 99 | ||||||||
Deferred members |
410 | 569 | | | ||||||||||||
Retired members |
2,808 | 3,263 | 330 | 413 | ||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 6,382 | $ | 7,846 | $ | 405 | $ | 512 |
The weighted-average duration of the defined benefit obligation for our Canadian plans is as follows:
Pension plans | Other post-employment plans | |||||||||||||||
As at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
Weighted-average duration, in years |
12.7 | 14.2 | 10.4 | 11.7 |
Plan assets
The major categories of our defined benefit pension plan assets for our Canadian plans are as follows:
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||
Asset category (1) |
||||||||||||||||
Canadian equity securities (2) |
$ | 421 | 5 | % | $ | 753 | 8 | % | ||||||||
Debt securities (3) |
||||||||||||||||
Government bonds |
3,724 | 48 | 4,917 | 55 | ||||||||||||
Corporate bonds |
1,193 | 16 | 755 | 8 | ||||||||||||
4,917 | 64 | 5,672 | 63 | |||||||||||||
Investment funds (4) |
||||||||||||||||
Canadian equity funds |
22 | | 40 | 1 | ||||||||||||
U.S. equity funds |
435 | 6 | 560 | 6 | ||||||||||||
International equity funds (5) |
26 | 1 | 39 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Global equity funds (5) |
1,083 | 14 | 1,171 | 13 | ||||||||||||
Emerging markets equity funds |
| | 296 | 3 | ||||||||||||
Fixed income funds |
86 | 1 | 110 | 1 | ||||||||||||
1,652 | 22 | 2,216 | 25 | |||||||||||||
Other (2) |
||||||||||||||||
Alternative investments (6) |
2,396 | 31 | 1,740 | 20 | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and other |
421 | 6 | 257 | 2 | ||||||||||||
Securities purchased under resale agreements |
485 | 6 | | | ||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities sold short |
(2,626 | ) | (34 | ) | (1,642 | ) | (18 | ) | ||||||||
676 | 9 | 355 | 4 | |||||||||||||
$ | 7,666 | 100 | % | $ | 8,996 | 100 | % |
(1) | Asset categories are based upon risk classification including synthetic exposure through derivatives. The fair value of derivatives as at October 31, 2022 was a net derivative asset of $24 million (2021: net derivative asset of $30 million). |
(2) | Pension benefit plan assets include CIBC issued securities and deposits of nil (2022: nil), representing nil of Canadian plan assets (2021: nil). All of the equity securities held as at October 31, 2022 and 2021 have daily quoted prices in active markets except hedge funds, infrastructure, and private equity. |
(3) | All debt securities held as at October 31, 2022 and 2021 are investment grade, of which $341 million (2021: $134 million) have daily quoted prices in active markets. |
(4) | $23 million (2021: $40 million) of the investment funds are directly held as at October 31, 2022 and have daily quoted prices in active markets. |
(5) | Global equity funds include North American and international investments, whereas International equity funds do not include North American investments. |
(6) | Comprised of private equity, infrastructure, private debt and real estate funds. |
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Consolidated financial statements |
Principal actuarial assumptions
The weighted-average principal assumptions used to determine the defined benefit obligation for our Canadian plans are as follows:
Pension plans | Other post-employment plans | |||||||||||||||
As at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
Discount rate |
5.4 | % | 3.5 | % | 5.5 | % | 3.4 | % | ||||||||
Rate of compensation increase (1) |
2.5 | % | 2.1 | % | 2.5 | % | 2.1 | % |
(1) | Rates of compensation increase for 2022 and 2021 reflect the use of a salary growth rate assumption table that is based on the age and tenure of the employees. The table yields a weighted-average salary growth rate of approximately 2.5% per annum (2021: 2.1%). |
Assumptions regarding future mortality have been based on published statistics and mortality tables. The current longevities underlying the values of the defined benefit obligation of our Canadian plans are as follows (in years):
As at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Longevity at age 65 for current retired members |
||||||||
Males |
23.5 | 23.4 | ||||||
Females |
24.6 | 24.5 | ||||||
Longevity at age 65 for current members aged 45 |
||||||||
Males |
24.4 | 24.4 | ||||||
Females |
25.5 | 25.4 |
The assumed health-care cost trend rates of the Canadian other post-employment plan providing medical, dental, and life insurance benefits are as follows:
For the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Health-care cost trend rates assumed for next year |
4.8 | % | 4.9 | % | ||||
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline |
4.0 | % | 4.0 | % | ||||
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate |
2040 | 2040 |
Sensitivity analysis
Reasonably possible changes to one of the principal actuarial assumptions, holding other assumptions constant, would have affected the defined benefit obligation of our Canadian plans as follows:
Estimated increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation | Pension plans | Other post-employment plans | ||||||
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2022 | ||||||
Discount rate (100 basis point change) |
||||||||
Decrease in assumption |
$ | 887 | $ | 47 | ||||
Increase in assumption |
(753 | ) | (39 | ) | ||||
Rate of compensation increase (100 basis point change) |
||||||||
Decrease in assumption |
(174 | ) | | |||||
Increase in assumption |
195 | | ||||||
Health-care cost trend rates (100 basis point change) |
||||||||
Decrease in assumption |
n/a | (17 | ) | |||||
Increase in assumption |
n/a | 20 | ||||||
Future mortality |
(139 | ) | (8 | ) | ||||
1 year longer life expectancy |
135 | 12 |
n/a | Not applicable. |
The sensitivity analyses presented above are indicative only, and should be considered with caution as they have been calculated in isolation without changing other assumptions. In practice, changes in one assumption may result in changes in another, which may magnify or counteract the disclosed sensitivities.
Future cash flows
Cash contributions
The most recently completed actuarial valuation of the CIBC Pension Plan for funding purposes was as at October 31, 2021. The next actuarial valuation of this plan for funding purposes will be effective as of October 31, 2022.
The minimum contributions for 2023 are anticipated to be $228 million for the Canadian defined benefit pension plans and $28 million for the Canadian other post-employment benefit plans. These estimates are subject to change since contributions are affected by various factors, such as market performance, regulatory requirements, and managements ability to change funding policy.
Expected future benefit payments
The expected future benefit payments for our Canadian plans for the next 10 years are as follows:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 20282032 | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
Defined benefit pension plans |
$ | 350 | $ | 362 | $ | 374 | $ | 387 | $ | 400 | $ | 2,198 | $ | 4,071 | ||||||||||||||
Other post-employment plans |
28 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 158 | 304 | |||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 378 | $ | 391 | $ | 403 | $ | 417 | $ | 430 | $ | 2,356 | $ | 4,375 |
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Consolidated financial statements |
Defined contributions and other plans
We also maintain defined contribution plans for certain employees and make contributions to government pension plans. The expense recognized in the consolidated statement of income for these benefit plans is as follows:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Defined contribution pension plans |
$ | 49 | $ | 40 | ||||
Government pension plans (1) |
171 | 143 | ||||||
$ | 220 | $ | 183 |
(1) | Includes Canada Pension Plan, Quebec Pension Plan, and U.S. Federal Insurance Contributions Act. |
Note 19 | Income taxes |
Total income taxes
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Consolidated statement of income |
||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) current income taxes |
||||||||
Adjustments for prior years |
$ | 35 | $ | (22 | ) | |||
Current income tax expense |
1,741 | 1,939 | ||||||
1,776 | 1,917 | |||||||
Provision for (reversal of) deferred income taxes |
||||||||
Adjustments for prior years |
(27 | ) | 19 | |||||
Effect of changes in tax rates and laws |
(4 | ) | 1 | |||||
Origination and reversal of temporary differences |
(15 | ) | (61 | ) | ||||
(46 | ) | (41 | ) | |||||
1,730 | 1,876 | |||||||
OCI |
(268 | ) | 297 | |||||
Total comprehensive income |
$ | 1,462 | $ | 2,173 |
Components of income tax
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Current income taxes |
||||||||
Federal |
$ | 627 | $ | 918 | ||||
Provincial |
429 | 629 | ||||||
Foreign |
459 | 398 | ||||||
1,515 | 1,945 | |||||||
Deferred income taxes |
||||||||
Federal |
51 | 137 | ||||||
Provincial |
37 | 90 | ||||||
Foreign |
(141 | ) | 1 | |||||
(53 | ) | 228 | ||||||
$ | 1,462 | $ | 2,173 |
The combined Canadian federal and provincial income tax rate varies each year according to changes in the statutory rates imposed by each of these jurisdictions, and according to changes in the proportion of our business carried out in each province. We are also subject to Canadian taxation on income of foreign branches.
Earnings of foreign subsidiaries would generally only be subject to Canadian tax when distributed to Canada. Additional Canadian taxes that would be payable if all foreign subsidiaries retained earnings were distributed to the Canadian parent as dividends are estimated to be nil.
The effective rates of income tax in the consolidated statement of income are different from the combined Canadian federal and provincial income tax rates as set out in the following table:
Reconciliation of income taxes
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||
Combined Canadian federal and provincial income tax rate applied to income before |
$ | 2,097 | 26.3 | % | $ | 2,188 | 26.3 | % | ||||||||
Income taxes adjusted for the effect of: |
||||||||||||||||
Earnings of foreign subsidiaries |
(199 | ) | (2.5 | ) | (136 | ) | (1.6 | ) | ||||||||
Tax-exempt income |
(156 | ) | (2.0 | ) | (150 | ) | (1.8 | ) | ||||||||
Changes in income tax rate on deferred tax balances |
(4 | ) | | 1 | | |||||||||||
Impact of equity-accounted income |
(13 | ) | (0.2 | ) | (13 | ) | (0.2 | ) | ||||||||
Other |
5 | 0.1 | (14 | ) | (0.2 | ) | ||||||||||
Income taxes in the consolidated statement of income |
$ | 1,730 | 21.7 | % | $ | 1,876 | 22.5 | % |
178 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Deferred income taxes
Sources of and movement in deferred tax assets and liabilities
Deferred tax assets
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | Allowance for credit losses |
Property and |
Pension and employee benefits |
Provisions | Financial instrument revaluation |
Tax loss carry- forwards (1) |
Other | Total assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 | Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 222 | $ | 40 | $ | 307 | $ | 103 | $ | 24 | $ | 5 | $ | 215 | $ | 916 | |||||||||||||||||
Recognized in net income |
24 | 3 | (25 | ) | (12 | ) | (3 | ) | 2 | 49 | 38 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Recognized in OCI |
| | (16 | ) | | 104 | | | 88 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (2) |
10 | (37 | ) | 9 | 1 | | (1 | ) | | (18 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 256 | $ | 6 | $ | 275 | $ | 92 | $ | 125 | $ | 6 | $ | 264 | $ | 1,024 | ||||||||||||||||||
2021 | Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 314 | $ | 39 | $ | 554 | $ | 53 | $ | 1 | $ | 19 | $ | 236 | $ | 1,216 | |||||||||||||||||
Recognized in net income |
(80 | ) | 3 | 59 | 51 | (7 | ) | (3 | ) | (16 | ) | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Recognized in OCI |
| | (296 | ) | | 43 | | | (253 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (2) |
(12 | ) | (2 | ) | (10 | ) | (1 | ) | (13 | ) | (11 | ) | (5 | ) | (54 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 222 | $ | 40 | $ | 307 | $ | 103 | $ | 24 | $ | 5 | $ | 215 | $ | 916 |
Deferred tax liabilities
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | Intangible assets |
Property and |
Pension and employee benefits |
Goodwill | Financial instrument revaluation |
Other | Total liabilities |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 | Balance at beginning of year |
$ | (327 | ) | $ | (82 | ) | $ | (24 | ) | $ | (88 | ) | $ | (19 | ) | $ | (12 | ) | $ | (552 | ) | ||||||||
Recognized in net income |
(10 | ) | (23 | ) | 33 | (2 | ) | 4 | 6 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Recognized in OCI |
| | (81 | ) | | | | (81 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other (2) |
(4 | ) | 36 | 1 | 1 | 2 | | 36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | (341 | ) | $ | (69 | ) | $ | (71 | ) | $ | (89 | ) | $ | (13 | ) | $ | (6 | ) | $ | (589 | ) | |||||||||
2021 | Balance at beginning of year |
$ | (305 | ) | $ | (112 | ) | $ | (15 | ) | $ | (86 | ) | $ | (63 | ) | $ | (18 | ) | $ | (599 | ) | ||||||||
Recognized in net income |
(26 | ) | 27 | 1 | (2 | ) | 28 | 6 | 34 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Recognized in OCI |
| | (15 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (16 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other (2) |
4 | 3 | 5 | | 17 | | 29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | (327 | ) | $ | (82 | ) | $ | (24 | ) | $ | (88 | ) | $ | (19 | ) | $ | (12 | ) | $ | (552 | ) | |||||||||
Net deferred tax assets as at October 31, 2022 |
$ | 435 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net deferred tax assets as at October 31, 2021 |
$ | 364 |
(1) | The deferred tax effect of tax loss carryforwards includes $6 million (2021: $5 million) that relate to operating losses (of which $3 million relate to Canada, and $3 million relate to the Caribbean) that expire in various years commencing in 2022, and nil (2021: nil) that relate to U.S. capital losses. |
(2) | Includes foreign currency translation adjustments. |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are assessed by entity for presentation in our consolidated balance sheet. As a result, the net deferred tax assets of $435 million (2021: $364 million) are presented in the consolidated balance sheet as deferred tax assets of $480 million (2021: $402 million) and deferred tax liabilities of $45 million (2021: $38 million).
Unrecognized tax losses
The amount of unused operating tax losses for which deferred tax assets have not been recognized was $1,620 million as at October 31, 2022 (2021: $1,611 million), of which $742 million (2021: $674 million) relates to the U.S. region and $878 million (2021: $937 million) relates to the Caribbean region. These unused operating tax losses expire within 10 years.
The amount of unused capital tax losses for which deferred tax assets have not been recognized was $610 million as at October 31, 2022 (2021: $519 million). These unused capital tax losses relate to Canada and are subject to the outcome of the foreign exchange capital loss reassessment discussed below.
Enron
In prior years, the CRA issued reassessments disallowing the deduction of Enron settlement payments and related legal expenses (the Enron expenses). In January 2019, CIBC entered into a settlement agreement with the CRA with respect to the portion of the Enron expenses deductible in Canada. The portion of the Enron expenses deductible in the U.S. has not yet been agreed to by the Internal Revenue Service. It is possible that adjustments may be required to the amount of tax benefits recognized in the U.S.
Dividend received deduction
The CRA has reassessed CIBC approximately $1,602 million of additional income tax related to the denial of the tax deductibility of certain 2011 to 2017 Canadian corporate dividends, on the basis that certain dividends received were part of a dividend rental arrangement, and similar matters. This includes approximately $182 million of additional income tax for the 2017 taxation year that was reassessed by the CRA in May 2022. The dividends that were subject to the reassessments are similar to those prospectively addressed by the rules in the 2015 and 2018 Canadian federal budgets. It is possible that subsequent years may be reassessed for similar matters. In August 2021, CIBC filed a Notice of Appeal with the Tax Court of Canada and the matter is now in litigation. CIBC is confident that its tax filing positions were appropriate and intends to defend itself vigorously. Accordingly, no amounts have been accrued in the consolidated financial statements.
Foreign exchange capital loss reassessment
In November 2021, the Tax Court of Canada ruled against CIBC on its 2007 foreign exchange capital loss reassessment (Decision). CIBC disagrees with the Decision and filed its Appeal in November 2021. The Appeal is scheduled to be heard in December 2022. CIBC remains confident that its tax filing position was appropriate. Accordingly, no amounts have been accrued in the consolidated financial statements. The exposure of additional tax and interest related to this and similar matters is approximately $300 million in addition to the potential inability to utilize approximately $600 million in unrecognized capital tax loss carryforwards.
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Canadian federal budget
Following the announcement of budget proposals in April 2022, the Canadian Federal government released draft legislation in August 2022, and subsequently introduced other draft legislation which went through first and second readings in Parliament in November 2022. These proposals included the introduction of a one-time 15% Canada Recovery Dividend tax (CRD) on banks and life insurer groups, based on the average of 2020 and 2021 taxable income in excess of $1.0 billion. Once substantively enacted the CRD would become payable in the 2023 taxation year over a five-year period in equal increments. The draft legislation also includes a prospective 1.5% increase in the tax rate applied to taxable income in excess of $100 million earned by banks and life insurers. We will account for these measures in future periods once they become substantively enacted, which is generally interpreted to occur at the point of a third reading in a Canadian Parliament held by a minority government.
Note 20 | Earnings per share |
$ millions, except per share amounts, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Basic EPS (1) |
||||||||
Net income attributable to equity shareholders |
$ | 6,220 | $ | 6,429 | ||||
Less: preferred share dividends and distributions on other equity instruments |
171 | 158 | ||||||
Net income attributable to common shareholders |
6,049 | 6,271 | ||||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (thousands) |
903,312 | 897,906 | ||||||
Basic EPS |
$ | 6.70 | $ | 6.98 | ||||
Diluted EPS (1) |
||||||||
Net income attributable to common shareholders |
$ | 6,049 | $ | 6,271 | ||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (thousands) |
903,312 | 897,906 | ||||||
Add: stock options potentially exercisable (2) (thousands) |
2,078 | 2,122 | ||||||
Add: restricted shares and equity-settled consideration (thousands) |
294 | 337 | ||||||
Weighted-average diluted common shares outstanding (thousands) |
905,684 | 900,365 | ||||||
Diluted EPS |
$ | 6.68 | $ | 6.96 |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
(2) | For the years ended October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021, we have not excluded any outstanding stock options from the calculation of diluted EPS as the options exercise prices exceeded the average market price of CIBCs common shares. |
Note 21 | Commitments, guarantees and pledged assets |
Commitments
Credit-related arrangements
Credit-related arrangements are generally off-balance sheet instruments and are typically entered into to meet the financing needs of clients. In addition, there are certain exposures for which we could be obligated to extend credit that are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. Our policy of requiring collateral or other security to support credit-related arrangements and the types of security held is generally the same as for loans. The contract amounts presented below for credit-related arrangements represent the maximum amount of additional credit that we could be obligated to extend. The contract amounts also represent the additional credit risk amounts should the contracts be fully drawn, the counterparties default and any collateral held proves to be of no value. As many of these arrangements will expire or terminate without being drawn upon, the contract amounts are not necessarily indicative of future cash requirements or actual risk of loss.
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Contract amounts | ||||||||
Securities lending (1) |
$ | 53,008 | $ | 50,578 | ||||
Unutilized credit commitments (2) |
336,261 | 301,343 | ||||||
Backstop liquidity facilities |
12,855 | 12,174 | ||||||
Standby and performance letters of credit |
18,459 | 15,775 | ||||||
Documentary and commercial letters of credit |
209 | 194 | ||||||
Other commitments to extend credit |
718 | 978 | ||||||
$ | 421,510 | $ | 381,042 |
(1) | Excludes securities lending of $4.9 billion (2021: $2.5 billion) for cash because it is reported on the consolidated balance sheet. |
(2) | Includes $167.3 billion (2021: $141.5 billion) of personal, home equity and credit card lines, which are unconditionally cancellable at our discretion. |
In addition, the client securities lending of the joint ventures which CIBC has with The Bank of New York Mellon totalled $90.5 billion (2021: $81.7 billion), of which $9.5 billion (2021: $8.6 billion) are transactions between CIBC and the joint ventures.
CIBC has provided indemnities to customers of the joint ventures in respect of securities lending transactions with third parties amounting to $77.0 billion (2021: $68.0 billion).
For further information on the joint ventures, see Note 25.
Securities lending
Securities lending represents our credit exposure when we lend our own or our clients securities to a borrower and the borrower defaults on the redelivery obligation. The borrower must fully collateralize the security lent at all times.
Unutilized credit commitments
Unutilized credit commitments are the undrawn portion of lending facilities that we have approved to meet the requirements of clients. These lines may include various conditions that must be satisfied prior to drawdown and include facilities extended in connection with contingent acquisition
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financing. The credit risk associated with these lines arises from the possibility that a commitment will be drawn down as a loan at some point in the future, prior to the expiry of the commitment. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on our credit evaluation of the borrower and may include a charge over the present and future assets of the borrower.
Backstop liquidity facilities
We provide irrevocable backstop liquidity facilities primarily to ABCP conduits. We are the financial services agent for some of these conduits, while other conduits are administered by third parties. The liquidity facilities for our sponsored ABCP programs, Safe Trust, Sure Trust, Sound Trust and Stable Trust, require us to provide funding to fund non-defaulted assets, subject to the satisfaction of certain limited conditions with respect to the conduits.
Standby and performance letters of credit
These represent an irrevocable obligation to make payments to third parties in the event that clients are unable to meet their contractual financial or performance obligations. The credit risk associated with these instruments is essentially the same as that involved in extending irrevocable loan commitments to clients. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on our credit evaluation of the borrower and may include a charge over present and future assets of the borrower.
Documentary and commercial letters of credit
Documentary and commercial letters of credit are short-term instruments issued on behalf of a client, authorizing a third-party, such as an exporter, to draw drafts on CIBC up to a specified amount, subject to specific terms and conditions. We are at risk for any drafts drawn that are not ultimately settled by the client; however, the amounts drawn are collateralized by the related goods.
Other commitments to extend credit
These represent other commitments to extend credit, and primarily include forward-dated securities financing trades in the form of securities purchased under resale agreements with various counterparties that are executed on or before the end of our reporting period and that settle shortly after period end, usually within five business days.
Other commitments
As an investor in merchant banking activities, we enter into commitments to fund external private equity funds. In connection with these activities, we had commitments to invest up to $462 million (2021: $337 million).
In addition, we act as underwriter for certain new issuances under which we alone or together with a syndicate of financial institutions purchase these new issuances for resale to investors. As at October 31, 2022, the related underwriting commitments were $936 million (2021: $268 million).
Guarantees and other indemnification agreements
Guarantees
A guarantee is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor failed to make payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument. Guarantees include standby and performance letters of credit as discussed above, and credit derivatives protection sold, as discussed in Note 12.
Other indemnification agreements
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into contractual arrangements under which we may agree to indemnify the counterparty to such arrangement from any losses relating to a breach of representations and warranties, a failure to perform certain covenants, or for claims or losses arising from certain external events as outlined within the particular contract. This may include, for example, losses arising from changes in tax legislation, litigation, or claims relating to past performance. In addition, we indemnify each of our directors and officers to the extent permitted by law, against any and all claims or losses (including any amounts paid in settlement of any such claims) incurred as a result of their service to CIBC. In most indemnities, maximum loss clauses are generally not provided for, and as a result, no defined limit of the maximum potential liability exists. Amounts are accrued when we have a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, when it is both probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to resolve the matter, and when a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. We believe that the likelihood of the conditions arising to trigger obligations under these contract arrangements is remote. Historically, any payments made in respect of these contracts have not been significant. Amounts related to these indemnifications, representations, and warranties reflected within the consolidated financial statements as at October 31, 2022 and 2021 are not significant.
Pledged assets
In the normal course of business, on- and off-balance sheet assets are pledged as collateral for various activities. The following table summarizes asset pledging amounts and the activities to which they relate:
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Assets pledged in relation to: |
||||||||
Securities lending |
$ | 53,989 | $ | 50,895 | ||||
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements |
79,759 | 73,687 | ||||||
Obligations related to securities sold short |
15,284 | 22,790 | ||||||
Securitizations |
19,750 | 18,824 | ||||||
Covered bonds |
28,100 | 25,416 | ||||||
Derivatives |
25,463 | 16,266 | ||||||
Foreign governments and central banks (1) |
286 | 252 | ||||||
Clearing systems, payment systems, and depositories (2) |
620 | 649 | ||||||
Other |
12 | 374 | ||||||
$ | 223,263 | $ | 209,153 |
(1) | Includes assets pledged to maintain access to central bank facilities in foreign jurisdictions. |
(2) | Includes assets pledged in order to participate in clearing and payment systems and depositories. |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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Note 22 | Contingent liabilities and provisions |
In the ordinary course of its business, CIBC is a party to a number of legal proceedings, including regulatory investigations, in which claims for substantial monetary damages are asserted against CIBC and its subsidiaries. Legal provisions are established if, in the opinion of management, it is both probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to resolve the matter, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the reliable estimate of probable loss involves a range of potential outcomes within which a specific amount appears to be a better estimate, that amount is accrued. If no specific amount within the range of potential outcomes appears to be a better estimate than any other amount, the mid-point in the range is accrued. In some instances, however, it is not possible either to determine whether an obligation is probable or to reliably estimate the amount of loss, in which case no accrual can be made.
While there is inherent difficulty in predicting the outcome of legal proceedings, based on current knowledge and in consultation with legal counsel, we do not expect the outcome of these matters, individually or in aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements. However, the outcome of these matters, individually or in aggregate, may be material to our operating results for a particular reporting period. We regularly assess the adequacy of CIBCs litigation accruals and make the necessary adjustments to incorporate new information as it becomes available.
CIBC considers losses to be reasonably possible when they are neither probable nor remote. It is reasonably possible that CIBC may incur losses in addition to the amounts recorded when the loss accrued is the mid-point of a range of reasonably possible losses, or the potential loss pertains to a matter in which an unfavourable outcome is reasonably possible but not probable.
CIBC believes the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of the amounts accrued, for its significant legal proceedings, where it is possible to make such an estimate, is from nil to approximately $1.5 billion as at October 31, 2022. This estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses is based upon currently available information for those significant proceedings in which CIBC is involved, taking into account CIBCs best estimate of such losses for those cases for which an estimate can be made. CIBCs estimate involves significant judgment, given the varying stages of the proceedings and the existence of multiple defendants in many of such proceedings whose share of the liability has yet to be determined. The range does not include potential punitive damages. The matters underlying the estimated range as at October 31, 2022 consist of the significant legal matters disclosed below. The matters underlying the estimated range will change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly from the current estimate. For certain matters, CIBC does not believe that an estimate can currently be made as many of them are in preliminary stages and certain matters have no specific amount claimed. Consequently, these matters are not included in the range.
The following is a description of CIBCs significant legal proceedings, which we intend to vigorously defend.
Green v. Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, et al.
In July 2008, a shareholder plaintiff commenced this proposed class action in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against CIBC and several former and current CIBC officers and directors. It alleged that CIBC and the individual officers and directors violated the Ontario Securities Act through material misrepresentations and non-disclosures relating to CIBCs exposure to the U.S. sub-prime mortgage market. The plaintiffs instituted this action on behalf of all CIBC shareholders in Canada who purchased shares between May 31, 2007 and February 28, 2008. The action sought damages of $5 billion. In July 2012, the plaintiffs motions for leave to file the statement of claim and for class certification were dismissed by the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. In February 2014, the Ontario Court of Appeal released its decision overturning the lower court and allowing the matter to proceed as a certified class action. In August 2014, CIBC and the individual defendants were granted leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada. The defendants appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada was heard in February 2015. In December 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada upheld the Ontario Court of Appeals decision allowing the matter to proceed as a certified class action. The trial, which was scheduled to start in October 2021, was adjourned and a settlement agreement was reached, subject to court approval. In January 2022, the court approved the settlement. Pursuant to the settlement, CIBC has paid the plaintiffs $125 million. This matter is now closed.
Fresco v. Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Gaudet v. Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
In June 2007, two proposed class actions were filed against CIBC in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Fresco) and in the Quebec Superior Court (Gaudet). Each makes identical claims for unpaid overtime for full-time, part-time, and retail frontline non-management employees. The Ontario action seeks $500 million in damages plus $100 million in punitive damages for all employees in Canada, while the Quebec action is limited to employees in Quebec and has been stayed pending the outcome of the Ontario action. In June 2009, in the Ontario action, the motion judge denied certification of the matter as a class action. In September 2010, the Ontario Divisional Court upheld the motion judges denial of the plaintiffs certification motion and the award of costs to CIBC by a two-to-one majority. In January 2011, the Ontario Court of Appeal granted the plaintiff leave to appeal the decision denying certification. In June 2012, the Ontario Court of Appeal overturned the lower court and granted certification of the matter as a class action. The Supreme Court of Canada released its decision in March 2013 denying CIBC leave to appeal certification of the matter as a class action, and denying the plaintiffs cross appeal on aggregate damages. The motions for summary judgment on liability were heard in December 2019. In March 2020, the court found CIBC liable for unpaid overtime. CIBC appealed the liability decision. A decision on remedies was released in August 2020 and the court certified aggregate damages as a common issue and directed that the availability and quantum, if any, of aggregate damages be determined at a later date. The plaintiffs claim for punitive damages was dismissed. In October 2020, the court released its decision on limitation periods finding that limitation periods cannot be determined on a class wide basis. CIBC appealed the decisions on remedies and limitation periods. The appeal was heard in September 2021. In February 2022, CIBCs appeal was dismissed. In October 2022, a settlement agreement was reached, subject to court approval. Pursuant to the proposed settlement, CIBC will pay the plaintiffs $153 million.
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Credit card class actions Interchange fees litigation:
Bancroft-Snell v. Visa Canada Corporation, et al.
9085-4886 Quebec Inc. v. Visa Canada Corporation, et al.
Watson v. Bank of America Corporation, et al.
Fuze Salon v. BofA Canada Bank, et al.
1023926 Alberta Ltd. v. Bank of America Corporation, et al.
The Crown & Hand Pub Ltd. v. Bank of America Corporation, et al.
Hello Baby Equipment Inc. v. BofA Canada Bank, et al.
Since 2011, seven proposed class actions were commenced against VISA Canada Corporation (Visa), MasterCard International Incorporated (MasterCard), CIBC and numerous other financial institutions. The actions, brought on behalf of all merchants who accepted payment by Visa or MasterCard from March 23, 2001 to the present, alleged two separate, but interrelated conspiracies: one in respect of Visa and one in respect of MasterCard. The claims alleged that Visa and MasterCard conspired with their issuing banks to set default interchange rate and merchant discount fees and that certain rules (Honour All Cards and No Surcharge) had the effect of increasing the merchant discount fees. The claims alleged civil conspiracy, violation of the Competition Act, interference with economic interests and unjust enrichment. The claims sought unspecified general and punitive damages. The motion for class certification in Watson was granted in March 2014. The appeal of the decision granting class certification was heard in December 2014. In August 2015, the British Columbia Court of Appeal allowed the appeals in part, resulting in certain causes of action being struck and others being reinstated. The matter remained certified as a class action. The trial in Watson which was scheduled to commence in October 2020 was adjourned. The motion for class certification in 9085-4886 Quebec Inc. (formerly Bakopanos) was heard in November 2017. In February 2018, the Court certified 9085-4886 Quebec Inc. as a class action. In May 2019, the plaintiffs appeal of the certification decision in 9085-4886 Quebec Inc. was heard and in July 2019, the Quebec Court of Appeal allowed the plaintiffs appeal. Five of the seven actions were settled subject to court approval. The settlement was approved by the courts in all five jurisdictions in December 2021. The remaining two actions were stayed. CIBC has contributed towards the settlement. These matters are now closed.
Mortgage prepayment class actions:
Jordan v. CIBC Mortgages Inc.
Lamarre v. CIBC Mortgages Inc.
Sherry v. CIBC Mortgages Inc.
Haroch v. Toronto Dominion Bank, et al.
In 2011, three proposed class actions were filed in the Superior Courts of Ontario (Jordan), Quebec (Lamarre) and British Columbia (Sherry) against CIBC Mortgages Inc. The representative plaintiffs alleged that since 2005, CIBC Mortgages Inc. wrongfully charged or overcharged mortgage prepayment penalties and that the calculation clauses in the mortgage contract that provide for discretion in applying the prepayment penalties are void and unenforceable at law. The motion for class certification in Sherry was granted in June 2014 conditional on the plaintiffs framing a workable class definition. In July 2014, CIBC filed a Notice of Appeal. CIBCs appeal of the certification decision in Sherry was heard in April 2016. In June 2016, the British Columbia Court of Appeal allowed the appeal in Sherry in part, resulting in certain causes of action being struck. Sherry remained certified as a class action, and continuation of the certification motion on the amended pleading was heard November 2017. In August 2018, the court certified certain of the plaintiffs causes of action in Sherry. The appeal in Sherry was heard in April 2019. In May 2020, the court dismissed CIBCs appeal. The certification motion in Jordan was heard in August 2018. In February 2019, the court certified Jordan as a class action. CIBCs motion for leave to appeal the certification decision in Jordan was denied in June 2019. The Jordan and Sherry actions were settled subject to court approval, for which hearings were conducted in February 2022. In April 2022, the settlement in Sherry and Jordan received court approval in British Columbia and Ontario. These matters are now closed.
In May 2018, a new proposed class action, Haroch, was filed in the Superior Court of Quebec against CIBC, CIBC Mortgages Inc. and several other financial institutions. The action is brought on behalf of Quebec residents who during the class period allegedly paid a mortgage prepayment charge in excess of three months interest. The plaintiffs allege that the defendants created complex prepayment formulas that are contrary to the Quebec Civil Code, the Quebec Consumer Protection Act and the Interest Act and seek damages back to 2015. Haroch and Lamarre have been consolidated. The motion for class certification in Haroch was heard in June 2019, and in July 2019, the court certified the matter as a class action against CIBC and CIBC Mortgages Inc. CIBC and CIBC Mortgages Inc. sought leave to appeal the certification decision.
The appeal of the certification decision in Haroch did not proceed as the matter has been settled against CIBC, subject to court approval.
Cerberus Capital Management L.P. v. CIBC
In November 2015, Securitized Asset Funding 2011-2, LTD., a special purpose investment vehicle affiliated with Cerberus Capital Management L.P. (collectively, Cerberus), commenced a New York State Court action against CIBC seeking unspecified damages of at least hundreds of millions of dollars. The action relates to two transactions in 2008 and 2011 in which CIBC issued a limited recourse note and certificate to Cerberus which significantly reduced CIBCs exposure to the U.S. residential real estate market. The complaint alleges that CIBC breached its contracts with Cerberus by failing to appropriately calculate and pay with respect to two of the payment streams due under the 2008 note and 2011 certificate. In January 2016, CIBC served its answer denying Cerberus allegations and asserting counterclaims. Pre-trial discovery was completed and the parties filed a Note of Issue and Certificate of Readiness for Trial in August 2021. In September 2021, CIBC filed a motion for summary judgment, which was heard in December 2021, and denied. The non-jury trial proceeded in March 2022. The court reserved its decision.
Pilon v. Amex Bank of Canada, et al.
In January 2018, a proposed class action was commenced in Quebec against CIBC and several other financial institutions. The action alleges that the defendants breached the Quebec Consumer Protection Act and the Bank Act when they unilaterally increased the credit limit on the plaintiffs credit cards. The claim seeks the return of all over limit fees charged to Quebec customers beginning in January 2015 as well as punitive damages of $500 per class member. The motion for class certification was heard in April 2019. In August 2019, the court dismissed the certification motion. The plaintiffs appeal of the decision denying certification was heard in February 2021. In March 2021, the court dismissed the plaintiffs appeal. In May 2021, the plaintiff filed a motion seeking leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada. In March 2022, the plaintiffs motion for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada was dismissed. This matter is now closed.
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Order Execution Only class actions:
Pozgaj v. CIBC and CIBC Trust
Frayce v. BMO Investorline Inc., et al.
Michaud v. BBS Securities Inc., et al.
Ciardullo v. 1832 Asset Management L.P., et al.
Ciardullo and Aggarwal v. 1832 Asset Management L.P., et al.
Woodard v. CIBC and CIBC Trust
In September 2018, a proposed class action (Pozgaj) was filed in the Ontario Superior Court against CIBC and CIBC Trust. It alleges that the defendants should not have paid mutual fund trailing commissions to order execution only dealers. The action is brought on behalf of all persons who held units of CIBC mutual funds through order execution only dealers and seeks $200 million in damages.
In 2020, two proposed class actions were filed in the Ontario Superior Court (Frayce) and the Supreme Court of British Columbia (Michaud) against CIBC Investor Services Inc. and several other dealers. The proposed actions allege that the defendants should not have received and accepted trailing commissions for service and advice on mutual funds purchased through their respective order execution only dealers. The proposed actions are brought on behalf of all persons who purchased units of mutual funds through an order execution only dealer owned by one or more of the defendants and seeks unspecified compensatory and punitive damages. The motion for certification in Frayce was heard in September 2022 and taken under reserve. The Michaud action has been stayed.
In July and August 2022, two proposed class actions (Ciardullo and Ciardullo and Aggarwal) were filed in the Ontario Superior Court against CIBC, CIBC Trust and several other financial institutions. Like the Pozgaj action, these actions allege that the defendants should not have paid mutual fund trailing commissions to order execution only dealers. However, the actions are brought on behalf of all persons who held units of CIBC mutual funds through dealers other than order execution only dealers. They seek unspecified damages. In November 2022, a further proposed class action (Woodard) was filed in the Ontario Superior Court with a new proposed representative plaintiff. Woodard raises identical allegations to Ciardullo and Ciardullo and Aggarwal, on behalf of an identical class, but only names CIBC and CIBC Trust as defendants.
York County on Behalf of the County of York Retirement Fund v. Rambo, et al.
In February 2019, a class action complaint was filed in the Northern District of California against the directors, certain officers and the underwriters of several senior note offerings of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) that took place between March 2016 and April 2018, the total issuance amount for the series of offerings being approximately US$4 billion. CIBC World Markets Corp. was part of the underwriting syndicate for an offering, whereby CIBC World Markets Corp. underwrote 6% of a US$650 million December 2016 issuance of senior notes. The offering involved the issuance of two tranches of notes: US$400 million of 30-year senior notes maturing in December 2046 and US$250 million of one-year floating rate notes that matured and were repaid in November 2017. The complaint alleges that the disclosure documentation associated with the note offerings contained misrepresentations and/or omissions of material facts, including with respect to PG&Es failure to comply with various safety regulations, vegetation management programs and requirements, as well as understating the extent to which its equipment has allegedly caused multiple fires in California, including before the wildfires that occurred in California in 2017 and 2018. In October 2019, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss.
Pope v. CIBC and CIBC Trust
In August 2020, a proposed class action was filed in the Supreme Court of British Columbia against CIBC and CIBC Trust. The action alleges that the defendants misrepresented their investment strategy and charged unitholders excess fees in relation to certain CIBC mutual funds and certain CIBC portfolio funds. The action is brought on behalf of all persons who hold or held units of these funds from January 2005 to present and seeks unspecified compensatory and punitive damages. In December 2020, CIBC Asset Management Inc. was added as a defendant. The motion for class certification was heard in August 2021. In October 2022, the court ruled that the plaintiff was required to provide additional information before a final determination on certification could be made.
Salko v. CIBC Investor Services Inc., et al.
In March 2021, a proposed class action was commenced in Quebec against CIBC Investor Services Inc. and several other financial institutions. The plaintiff subsequently added CIBC World Markets Inc. and additional financial institutions as defendants. The action seeks the reimbursement of currency conversion fees alleged to have been unlawfully charged to class members and concealed by the defendants, as well as exemplary and punitive damages. The plaintiffs seek reimbursement of fees charged to clients since March 15, 2018, as well as punitive damages in the amount of 5% of the total sum of fees charged to class members, plus interest. The certification motion was heard in April 2022. In September 2022, the action was certified against CIBC Investor Services Inc. and several other order execution only dealers, and not certified against the full service brokerages, including CIBC World Markets Inc. The plaintiffs are appealing the certification decision.
The Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) of J.T.G v. His Majesty The King
CIBC Trust Corporation is the trustee of a self-directed RRSP that has been the subject of proceedings in the Tax Court of Canada. The proceedings arise from appeals of tax assessments made by the Minister of National Revenue against the RRSP for the 2004 to 2009 taxation years under Parts I and XI.1 of the Income Tax Act (Canada). At the time they were made in March 2013, the Part I assessment amounted to approximately $139 million and the Part XI.1 reassessment totalled approximately $144 million, in each case including all taxes, penalties and interest. In April 2021, the Tax Court of Canada released a decision allowing the appeal in part of the assessment under Part I and dismissing the appeal of the reassessment under Part XI.1. The RRSP by its trustee CIBC Trust has appealed this decision to the Federal Court of Appeal. To the extent there is a shortfall in the RRSPs ability to satisfy any of the Part XI.1 reassessment that may be upheld by the courts, CIBC Trust may be liable to pay a portion of that reassessment.
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Non-sufficient funds fees class actions:
Vaillancourt-Thivierge v. Bank of Montreal, et al.
Chalmers and Campbell v. CIBC
In September 2016, a proposed class action (Vaillancourt-Thivierge) was commenced in Quebec against CIBC and several other financial institutions with respect to charging non-sufficient funds fees (NSF Fees) for client payment orders refused due to insufficient funds. The action alleges that NSF Fees violate the Quebec Consumer Protection Act and the Quebec Civil Code. The action is brought on behalf of residents of Quebec who paid NSF fees from September 12, 2013 to present. The action seeks the return of NSF fees charged as well as punitive damages of $300 per class member. The court certified the matter as a class action in 2019.
In September 2022, a proposed class action (Chalmers) was commenced in Ontario against CIBC on behalf of personal deposit accountholders who have been charged duplicative non-sufficient fund fees (representment NSF Fees) on their account for a single rejected payment order or cheque. The action alleges that this practice violates our account agreement with clients, the Ontario Consumer Protection Act and other consumer protection statutes. The action is brought on behalf of residents of Canada who paid representment NSF Fees from January 1, 2012 to present. The action seeks the return of the representment NSF Fees charged, as well as punitive damages.
Legal provisions
The following table presents changes in our legal provisions:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 301 | $ | 151 | ||||
Additional new provisions recognized |
151 | 169 | ||||||
Less: |
||||||||
Amounts incurred and charged against existing provisions |
(172 | ) | (13 | ) | ||||
Unused amounts reversed and other adjustments |
(5 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 275 | $ | 301 |
Restructuring
The following table presents changes in the restructuring provision:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 99 | $ | 222 | ||||
Additional new provisions recognized |
6 | 14 | ||||||
Less: |
||||||||
Amounts incurred and charged against existing provisions |
(59 | ) | (112 | ) | ||||
Unused amounts reversed |
(11 | ) | (25 | ) | ||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 35 | $ | 99 |
The amount of $35 million as at October 31, 2022 primarily represents obligations related to ongoing payments as a result of the restructurings.
Note 23 | Concentration of credit risk |
Concentration of credit exposure may arise with a group of counterparties that have similar economic characteristics or are located in the same geographic region. The ability of such counterparties to meet contractual obligations would be similarly affected by changing economic, political or other conditions.
The amounts of credit exposure associated with our on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments are summarized in the following table:
Credit exposure by country of ultimate risk
$ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canada | U.S. | Other countries |
Total | Canada | U.S. | Other countries |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
On-balance sheet |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Major assets (1)(2)(3) |
$ | 603,210 | $ | 209,824 | $ | 82,937 | $ | 895,971 | $ | 537,932 | $ | 181,813 | $ | 77,384 | $ | 797,129 | ||||||||||||||||
Off-balance sheet |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit-related arrangements |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial institutions |
$ | 59,480 | $ | 22,201 | $ | 12,797 | $ | 94,478 | $ | 59,636 | $ | 18,315 | $ | 16,458 | $ | 94,409 | ||||||||||||||||
Governments |
11,354 | 24 | 6,280 | 17,658 | 11,229 | 10 | 8 | 11,247 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retail |
178,863 | 997 | 492 | 180,352 | 154,341 | 700 | 383 | 155,424 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate |
78,372 | 40,036 | 10,614 | 129,022 | 77,939 | 33,233 | 8,790 | 119,962 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 328,069 | $ | 63,258 | $ | 30,183 | $ | 421,510 | $ | 303,145 | $ | 52,258 | $ | 25,639 | $ | 381,042 |
(1) | Major assets consist of cash and deposits with banks, loans and acceptances net of allowance for credit losses, securities, securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements, and derivative instruments. |
(2) | Includes Canadian currency of $572.3 billion (2021: $522.8 billion) and foreign currencies of $323.7 billion (2021: $274.3 billion). |
(3) | No industry or foreign jurisdiction accounted for 10% or more of loans and acceptances net of allowance for credit losses, with the exception of the U.S., which accounted for 15% as at October 31, 2022 (2021: 13%) and the real estate and construction industry, which across all jurisdictions accounted for 10% as at October 31, 2022 (2021: less than 10%). Canadian residential mortgages accounted for 50% as at October 31, 2022 (2021: 53%) of loans and acceptances net of allowance for credit losses. |
See Note 12 for derivative instruments by country and counterparty type of ultimate risk. In addition, see Note 21 for details on the client securities lending of the joint ventures which CIBC has with The Bank of New York Mellon.
Also see shaded sections in MD&A Management of risk for a detailed discussion on our credit risk.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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185
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Consolidated financial statements |
Note 24 | Related-party transactions |
In the ordinary course of business, we provide banking services and enter into transactions with related parties on terms similar to those offered to unrelated parties. Related parties include key management personnel(1), their close family members, and entities that they or their close family members control or jointly control. Related parties also include associates and joint ventures accounted for under the equity method, and post-employment benefit plans for CIBC employees. Loans to these related parties are made in the ordinary course of business and on substantially the same terms as for comparable transactions with unrelated parties. As CIBCs subsidiaries are consolidated, transactions with these entities have been eliminated and are not reported as related-party transactions. We offer a subsidy on annual fees and preferential interest rates on credit card balances to senior officers, which is the same offer extended to all employees of CIBC.
Key management personnel and their affiliates
As at October 31, 2022, loans to key management personnel(1) and their close family members and to entities that they or their close family members control or jointly control totalled $32 million (2021: $17 million), letters of credit and guarantees were nil (2021: nil), and undrawn credit commitments totalled $21 million (2021: $11 million). Of these outstanding balances, $31 million (2021: $15 million) were secured and $1 million (2021: $2 million) were unsecured. We have no provision for credit losses on impaired loans relating to these amounts for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021. Loans to these related parties are made in the ordinary course of business and on substantially the same terms as for comparable transactions with unrelated parties. We offer a subsidy on annual fees and preferential interest rates on credit card balances to senior officers which is the same offer extended to all employees of CIBC.
(1) | Key management personnel are defined as those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of CIBC directly or indirectly and comprise the members of the Board (referred to as directors), Executive Committee and certain named officers per the Bank Act (Canada) (collectively referred to as senior officers). Board members who are also Executive Committee members are included as senior officers. |
Compensation of key management personnel
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||
Directors | Senior officers |
Directors | Senior officers |
|||||||||||||
Short-term benefits (1) |
$ | 3 | $ | 23 | $ | 3 | $ | 18 | ||||||||
Post-employment benefits |
| 3 | | 3 | ||||||||||||
Share-based benefits (2) |
1 | 38 | 1 | 30 | ||||||||||||
Termination benefits (3) |
| 2 | | 3 | ||||||||||||
Total compensation |
$ | 4 | $ | 66 | $ | 4 | $ | 54 |
(1) | Comprises salaries, statutory and non-statutory benefits related to senior officers and fees related to directors recognized during the year. Also includes annual incentive plan payments related to senior officers on a cash basis. |
(2) | Comprises grant-date fair values of awards granted in the year. |
(3) | Comprises payments made in the period to key management personnel and former key management personnel. Prior period amounts were restated to conform to the current period presentation. |
Refer to the following Notes for additional details on related-party transactions:
Share-based payment plans
See Note 17 for details of these plans offered to directors and senior officers.
Post-employment benefit plans
See Note 18 for related-party transactions between CIBC and the post-employment benefit plans.
Equity-accounted associates and joint ventures
See Note 25 for details of our investments in equity-accounted associates and joint ventures.
186 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Note 25 | Investments in equity-accounted associates and joint ventures |
Joint ventures
CIBC is a 50/50 joint venture partner with The Bank of New York Mellon in two joint ventures: CIBC Mellon Trust Company and CIBC Mellon Global Securities Services Company (collectively referred to as CIBC Mellon), which provide trust and asset servicing, both in Canada. As at October 31, 2022, the carrying value of our investments in the joint ventures was $426 million (2021: $592 million), which was included in Corporate and Other.
As at October 31, 2022, loans to the joint ventures totalled nil (2021: $5 million) and undrawn credit commitments totalled $130 million (2021: $122 million).
CIBC, The Bank of New York Mellon, and CIBC Mellon have, jointly and severally, provided indemnities to customers of the joint ventures in respect of securities lending transactions. See Note 21 for additional details.
There was no unrecognized share of losses of any joint ventures, either for the year or cumulatively. In 2022 and 2021, none of our joint ventures experienced any significant restrictions to transfer funds in the form of cash dividends or distributions, or repayment of loans or advances.
The following table provides the summarized aggregate financial information related to our proportionate interest in the equity-accounted joint ventures:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Net income |
$ | 52 | $ | 51 | ||||
OCI |
(218 | ) | (44 | ) | ||||
Total comprehensive income (loss) |
$ | (166 | ) | $ | 7 |
Associates
As at October 31, 2022, the total carrying value of our investments in associates was $206 million (2021: $66 million). These investments comprise: listed associates with a carrying value of $33 million (2021: nil) and a fair value of $33 million (2021: nil), based on quoted prices in an active market categorized as level 1 valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy; and unlisted associates with a carrying value of $173 million (2021: $66 million) and a fair value of $197 million (2021: $89 million), based on non-observable valuation inputs categorized as level 3 valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy. Of the total carrying value of our investments in associates, $18 million (2021: $9 million) was included in Canadian Personal and Business Banking, $33 million (2021: nil) in Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, $7 million (2021: nil) in U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, $109 million (2021: $37 million) in Capital Markets, and $39 million (2021: $20 million) in Corporate and Other.
As at October 31, 2022, loans to associates totalled nil (2021: $34 million) and undrawn credit commitments totalled $1 million (2021: $1 million). We also had commitments to invest up to nil (2021: nil) in our associates.
There was no unrecognized share of losses of any associate, either for the year or cumulatively. In 2022 and 2021, none of our associates experienced any significant restrictions to transfer funds in the form of cash dividends or distributions, or repayment of loans or advances.
The following table provides the summarized aggregate financial information related to our proportionate interest in equity-accounted associates:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (5 | ) | $ | 4 | |||
OCI |
| 1 | ||||||
Total comprehensive income (loss) |
$ | (5 | ) | $ | 5 |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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187
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Consolidated financial statements |
Note 26 | Significant subsidiaries |
The following is a list of significant subsidiaries in which CIBC, either directly or indirectly, owns 100% of the voting shares, except where noted.
$ millions, as at October 31, 2022 | ||||||
Subsidiary name (1) |
Address of head or principal office |
|
Book value of shares owned by CIBC |
(2) | ||
Canada and U.S. | ||||||
CIBC Asset Management Inc. |
Toronto, Ontario, Canada | $ | 444 | |||
CIBC BA Limited |
Toronto, Ontario, Canada | | (3) | |||
CIBC Bancorp USA Inc. |
Chicago, Illinois, U.S. | 10,595 | ||||
Canadian Imperial Holdings Inc. |
New York, New York, U.S. | |||||
CIBC Inc. |
New York, New York, U.S. | |||||
CIBC World Markets Corp. |
New York, New York, U.S. | |||||
CIBC Bank USA |
Chicago, Illinois, U.S. | |||||
CIBC Private Wealth Group, LLC |
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. | |||||
CIBC Delaware Trust Company |
Wilmington, Delaware, U.S. | |||||
CIBC National Trust Company |
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. | |||||
CIBC Private Wealth Advisors, Inc. |
Chicago, Illinois, U.S. | |||||
CIBC Investor Services Inc. |
Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 25 | ||||
CIBC Life Insurance Company Limited |
Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 23 | ||||
CIBC Mortgages Inc. |
Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 230 | ||||
CIBC Securities Inc. |
Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 2 | ||||
CIBC Trust Corporation |
Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 591 | ||||
CIBC World Markets Inc. |
Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 306 | ||||
CIBC Wood Gundy Financial Services Inc. |
Toronto, Ontario, Canada | |||||
CIBC Wood Gundy Financial Services (Quebec) Inc. |
Montreal, Quebec, Canada | |||||
INTRIA Items Inc. |
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada | 100 | ||||
International | ||||||
CIBC Australia Ltd |
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia | 19 | ||||
CIBC Capital Markets (Europe) S.A. |
Luxembourg | 550 | ||||
CIBC Cayman Holdings Limited |
George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands | 1,742 | ||||
CIBC Cayman Bank Limited |
George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands | |||||
CIBC Cayman Capital Limited |
George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands | |||||
CIBC Cayman Reinsurance Limited |
George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands | |||||
CIBC Investments (Cayman) Limited |
George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands | 2,820 | ||||
FirstCaribbean International Bank Limited (91.7%) |
Warrens, St. Michael, Barbados | |||||
FirstCaribbean International Bank and Trust Company (Cayman) Limited (91.7%) |
George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands | |||||
CIBC Fund Administration Services (Asia) Limited (91.7%) |
Hong Kong, China | |||||
FirstCaribbean International Bank (Bahamas) Limited (87.3%) |
Nassau, The Bahamas | |||||
Sentry Insurance Brokers Ltd. (87.3%) |
Nassau, The Bahamas | |||||
FirstCaribbean International Bank (Barbados) Limited (91.7%) |
Warrens, St. Michael, Barbados | |||||
FirstCaribbean International Bank (Cayman) Limited (91.7%) |
George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands | |||||
FirstCaribbean International Finance Corporation (Netherlands Antilles) N.V. (91.7%) |
Curacao, Netherlands Antilles | |||||
FirstCaribbean International Bank (Curacao) N.V. (91.7%) |
Curacao, Netherlands Antilles | |||||
FirstCaribbean International Bank (Jamaica) Limited (91.7%) |
Kingston, Jamaica | |||||
FirstCaribbean International Bank (Trinidad and Tobago) Limited (91.7%) |
Maraval, Port of Spain, Trinidad & Tobago | |||||
FirstCaribbean International Trust Company (Bahamas) Limited (91.7%) |
Nassau, The Bahamas | |||||
FirstCaribbean International Wealth Management Bank (Barbados) Limited (91.7%) |
Warrens, St. Michael, Barbados | |||||
CIBC World Markets (Japan) Inc. |
Tokyo, Japan | 48 |
(1) | Each subsidiary is incorporated or organized under the laws of the state or country in which the principal office is situated, except for Canadian Imperial Holdings Inc., CIBC Inc., CIBC World Markets Corp., CIBC Private Wealth Group, LLC, CIBC Private Wealth Advisors, Inc., and CIBC Bancorp USA Inc., which were incorporated or organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, U.S.; CIBC National Trust Company, which was organized under the laws of the U.S.; and CIBC World Markets (Japan) Inc., which was incorporated in Barbados. |
(2) | The book value of shares of subsidiaries is shown at cost and may include non-voting common and preferred shares. These amounts are eliminated upon consolidation. |
(3) | The book value of shares owned by CIBC is less than $1 million. |
In addition to the above, we consolidate certain SEs where we have control over the SE. See Note 6 for additional details.
188 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Note 27 | Financial instruments disclosures |
Certain disclosures required by IFRS 7 are provided in the shaded sections of the MD&A Management of risk, as permitted by IFRS. The following table provides a cross referencing of those disclosures in the MD&A.
Description | Section | |||
For each type of risk arising from financial instruments, an entity shall disclose: the exposure to risks and how they arise; objectives, policies and processes used for managing the risks; methods used to measure the risk; and description of collateral. | Risk overview |
|||
Credit risk |
||||
Market risk |
||||
Liquidity risk |
||||
Operational risk |
||||
Reputation and legal risks Conduct risk |
||||
Regulatory compliance risk |
||||
Credit risk: gross exposure to credit risk, credit quality and concentration of exposures. |
Credit risk |
|||
Market risk: trading portfolios Value-at-Risk (VaR); stressed VaR, incremental risk charge, non-trading portfolios interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk and equity risk. | Market risk |
|||
Liquidity risk: liquid assets, maturity of financial assets and liabilities, and credit commitments. |
Liquidity risk |
We have provided quantitative disclosures related to credit risk consistent with Basel guidelines in the Credit risk section of the MD&A. The table below sets out the categories of the on-balance sheet exposures that are subject to the credit risk framework as set out in the CAR Guideline issued by OSFI under the different Basel approaches based on the carrying value of those exposures in our consolidated financial statements. The credit risk framework includes CCR exposures arising from OTC derivatives, repo-style transactions and trades cleared through CCPs, as well as securitization exposures. Items not subject to the credit risk framework include exposures that are subject to the market risk framework, amounts that are not subject to capital requirements or are subject to deduction from capital, and amounts relating to CIBCs insurance subsidiaries, which are excluded from the scope of regulatory consolidation.
$ millions, as at October 31 | AIRB approach |
Standardized approach |
Other credit risk (1) |
Total subject to |
Not subject to |
Total consolidated balance sheet |
||||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
Cash and deposits with banks |
$ | 47,670 | $ | 13,724 | $ | 2,458 | $ | 63,852 | $ | 9 | $ | 63,861 | |||||||||||||
Securities |
110,695 | 14,678 | | 125,373 | 50,506 | 175,879 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cash collateral on securities borrowed |
15,320 | 6 | | 15,326 | | 15,326 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under resale agreements |
69,213 | | | 69,213 | | 69,213 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
457,858 | 57,650 | 1,663 | 517,171 | 2,985 | 520,156 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for credit losses |
(2,317 | ) | (756 | ) | | (3,073 | ) | | (3,073 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
43,031 | 4 | | 43,035 | | 43,035 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Customers liability under acceptances |
11,247 | 327 | | 11,574 | | 11,574 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets |
28,951 | 423 | 7,834 | 37,208 | 10,418 | 47,626 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total credit exposures |
$ | 781,668 | $ | 86,056 | $ | 11,955 | $ | 879,679 | $ | 63,918 | $ | 943,597 | ||||||||||||||
2021 |
Total credit exposures |
$ | 688,150 | $ | 69,886 | $ | 11,275 | $ | 769,311 | $ | 68,372 | $ | 837,683 |
(1) | Includes credit risk exposures arising from other assets that are subject to the credit risk framework but are not included in the standardized or AIRB frameworks, including other balance sheet assets which are risk-weighted at 100%, significant investments in the capital of non-financial institutions, and amounts below the thresholds for capital deduction that are risk-weighted at 250%. |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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189
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Consolidated financial statements |
Note 28 | Offsetting financial assets and liabilities |
The following table identifies the amounts that have been offset on the consolidated balance sheet in accordance with the requirements of IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation, and also those amounts that are subject to enforceable netting agreements but do not qualify for offsetting on the consolidated balance sheet either because we do not have a currently enforceable legal right to set-off the recognized amounts, or because we do not intend to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Amounts subject to enforceable netting agreements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Gross amounts of recognized financial assets |
|
|
Gross amounts offset on the consolidated balance sheet |
(1) |
|
Net amounts |
|
|
Related amounts not set-off on the consolidated balance sheet |
|
|
Amounts not subject to enforceable netting agreements |
(4) |
|
Net amounts presented on the consolidated balance sheet |
| |||||||||||||||||
$ millions, as at October 31 |
|
Financial instruments |
(2) |
|
Collateral received |
(3) |
|
Net amounts |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
Financial assets |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives |
$ | 39,731 | $ | (4 | ) | $ | 39,727 | $ | (25,999 | ) | $ | (5,974 | ) | $ | 7,754 | $ | 3,308 | $ | 43,035 | |||||||||||||||
Cash collateral on securities borrowed |
15,326 | | 15,326 | | (14,893 | ) | 433 | | 15,326 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under resale agreements |
72,489 | (3,276 | ) | 69,213 | | (65,720 | ) | 3,493 | | 69,213 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 127,546 | $ | (3,280 | ) | $ | 124,266 | $ | (25,999 | ) | $ | (86,587 | ) | $ | 11,680 | $ | 3,308 | $ | 127,574 | ||||||||||||||||
Financial liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives |
$ | 47,369 | $ | (4 | ) | $ | 47,365 | $ | (25,999 | ) | $ | (12,910 | ) | $ | 8,456 | $ | 4,975 | $ | 52,340 | |||||||||||||||
Cash collateral on securities lent |
4,853 | | 4,853 | | (4,730 | ) | 123 | | 4,853 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements |
80,447 | (3,276 | ) | 77,171 | | (73,605 | ) | 3,566 | | 77,171 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 132,669 | $ | (3,280 | ) | $ | 129,389 | $ | (25,999 | ) | $ | (91,245 | ) | $ | 12,145 | $ | 4,975 | $ | 134,364 | ||||||||||||||||
2021 |
Financial assets |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives |
$ | 53,285 | $ | (22,668 | ) | $ | 30,617 | $ | (16,585 | ) | $ | (6,375 | ) | $ | 7,657 | $ | 5,295 | $ | 35,912 | |||||||||||||||
Cash collateral on securities borrowed |
12,368 | | 12,368 | | (12,121 | ) | 247 | | 12,368 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under resale agreements |
71,777 | (4,205 | ) | 67,572 | | (66,423 | ) | 1,149 | | 67,572 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 137,430 | $ | (26,873 | ) | $ | 110,557 | $ | (16,585 | ) | $ | (84,919 | ) | $ | 9,053 | $ | 5,295 | $ | 115,852 | ||||||||||||||||
Financial liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives |
$ | 49,607 | $ | (22,668 | ) | $ | 26,939 | $ | (16,585 | ) | $ | (6,617 | ) | $ | 3,737 | $ | 5,162 | $ | 32,101 | |||||||||||||||
Cash collateral on securities lent |
2,463 | | 2,463 | | (2,331 | ) | 132 | | 2,463 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements |
76,085 | (4,205 | ) | 71,880 | | (70,567 | ) | 1,313 | | 71,880 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 128,155 | $ | (26,873 | ) | $ | 101,282 | $ | (16,585 | ) | $ | (79,515 | ) | $ | 5,182 | $ | 5,162 | $ | 106,444 |
(1) | Comprises amounts related to financial instruments which qualify for offsetting. This amount excludes derivatives which are settled-to-market (STM) as STM derivatives are settled on a daily basis, resulting in derecognition, rather than offsetting, of the related amounts. Beginning October 2022, a majority of derivatives cleared through LCH was elected to be STM, consistent with derivatives cleared through CME. |
(2) | Comprises amounts subject to set-off under enforceable netting agreements, such as ISDA agreements, derivative exchange or clearing counterparty agreements, global master repurchase agreements, and global master securities lending agreements. Under such arrangements, all outstanding transactions governed by the relevant agreement can be offset if an event of default or other predetermined event occurs. |
(3) | Collateral received and pledged amounts are reflected at fair value, but have been limited to the net balance sheet exposure so as not to include any over-collateralization. |
(4) | Includes exchange-traded derivatives and derivatives which are STM. |
The offsetting and collateral arrangements discussed above and other credit risk mitigation strategies used by CIBC are further explained in the Credit risk section of the MD&A. Certain amounts of securities received as collateral are restricted from being sold or re-pledged.
Note 29 | Interest income and expense |
The table below provides the consolidated interest income and expense by accounting categories.
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | Interest income |
Interest expense |
||||||||
2022 | Measured at amortized cost (1)(2) |
$ | 19,140 | $ | 8,778 | |||||
Debt securities measured at FVOCI (1) |
855 | n/a | ||||||||
Other (3) |
2,184 | 760 | ||||||||
Total |
$ | 22,179 | $ | 9,538 | ||||||
2021 | Measured at amortized cost (1)(2) |
$ | 12,816 | $ | 2,830 | |||||
Debt securities measured at FVOCI (1) |
349 | n/a | ||||||||
Other (3) |
1,576 | 452 | ||||||||
Total |
$ | 14,741 | $ | 3,282 |
(1) | Interest income for financial instruments that are measured at amortized cost and debt securities that are measured at FVOCI is calculated using the effective interest rate method. |
(2) | Includes interest income on sublease-related assets and interest expense on lease liabilities under IFRS 16. |
(3) | Includes interest income and expense and dividend income for financial instruments that are mandatorily measured and designated at FVTPL and equity securities designated at FVOCI. |
n/a | Not applicable. |
190 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Note 30 | Segmented and geographic information |
CIBC has four SBUs Canadian Personal and Business Banking, Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, and Capital Markets. These SBUs are supported by Corporate and Other.
Canadian Personal and Business Banking provides personal and business clients across Canada with financial advice, services and solutions through banking centres, as well as mobile and online channels to help make their ambitions a reality.
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management provides high-touch, relationship-oriented banking and wealth management services to middle-market companies, entrepreneurs, high-net-worth individuals and families across Canada, as well as asset management services to institutional investors.
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management provides high-touch, relationship-oriented banking and wealth management services across the U.S., focused on middle-market and mid-corporate companies, entrepreneurs, high-net-worth individuals and families, as well as personal and small business banking services in four U.S. Midwestern markets.
Capital Markets provides integrated global markets products and services, investment banking advisory and execution, corporate banking solutions and top-ranked research to our clients around the world. It includes Direct Financial Services which focuses on expanding CIBCs digital capabilities to provide a cohesive set of direct banking, direct investing and innovative multi-currency payment solutions for CIBCs clients.
Corporate and Other includes the following functional groups Technology, Infrastructure and Innovation, Risk Management, People, Culture and Brand, Finance and Enterprise Strategy, as well as other support groups. The expenses of these functional and support groups are generally allocated to the business lines within the SBUs. The majority of the functional and support costs of CIBC Bank USA are recognized directly in the U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management SBU. Corporate and Other also includes the results of CIBC FirstCaribbean and other strategic investments, as well as other income statement and balance sheet items not directly attributable to the business lines.
Business unit allocations
Revenue, expenses, and other balance sheet resources related to certain activities are generally allocated to the lines of business within the SBUs.
Treasury activities impact the financial results of the SBUs. Each line of business within our SBUs is charged or credited with a market-based cost of funds on assets and liabilities, respectively, which impacts the revenue performance of the SBUs. This market-based cost of funds takes into account the cost of maintaining sufficient regulatory capital to support business requirements, including the cost of preferred shares. Once the interest and liquidity risks inherent in our client-driven assets and liabilities are transfer priced into Treasury, they are managed within CIBCs risk framework and limits. Capital is attributed to the SBUs based on the estimated amount of regulatory capital required to support their businesses, which is intended to consistently measure and align the costs with the underlying benefits and risks associated with SBU activities. Earnings on unattributed capital remain in Corporate and Other.
We review our transfer pricing methodologies on an ongoing basis to ensure they reflect changing market environments and industry practices.
We use a Product Owner/Customer Segment/Distributor Channel allocation management model to measure and report the results of operations of various lines of business within our SBUs. The model uses certain estimates and methodologies to process internal transfers between the impacted lines of business for sales, renewals and trailer commissions as well as certain attributable costs. Periodically, the sales, renewals and trailer commission rates paid to customer segments for certain products/services are revised and applied prospectively.
The non-interest expenses of the functional and support groups are generally allocated to the business lines within the SBUs based on appropriate criteria and methodologies. The basis of allocation is reviewed periodically to reflect changes in support to business lines. Other costs not directly attributable to business lines remain in Corporate and Other.
We recognize provision for credit losses on both impaired (stage 3) and performing (stages 1 and 2) loans in the respective SBUs.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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191
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Consolidated financial statements |
Results by reporting segments and geographic areas
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | Canadian Personal and Business Banking |
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
Capital Markets |
Corporate and Other |
CIBC Total |
Canada (1) | U.S. (1) | Caribbean (1) | Other countries (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 |
Net interest income (2) |
$ | 6,657 | $ | 1,672 | $ | 1,655 | $ | 2,814 | $ | (157 | ) | $ | 12,641 | $ | 9,870 | $ | 1,732 | $ | 873 | $ | 166 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest income (3)(4) |
2,252 | 3,582 | 802 | 2,187 | 369 | 9,192 | 6,467 | 1,551 | 718 | 456 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
8,909 | 5,254 | 2,457 | 5,001 | 212 | 21,833 | 16,337 | 3,283 | 1,591 | 622 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
876 | 23 | 218 | (62 | ) | 2 | 1,057 | 864 | 191 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization and impairment (5) |
226 | 2 | 113 | 6 | 700 | 1,047 | 824 | 136 | 67 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other non-interest expenses |
4,749 | 2,654 | 1,215 | 2,431 | 707 | 11,756 | 9,299 | 1,690 | 535 | 232 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income |
3,058 | 2,575 | 911 | 2,626 | (1,197 | ) | 7,973 | 5,350 | 1,266 | 988 | 369 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes (2) |
809 | 680 | 151 | 718 | (628 | ) | 1,730 | 1,195 | 320 | 116 | 99 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 2,249 | $ | 1,895 | $ | 760 | $ | 1,908 | $ | (569 | ) | $ | 6,243 | $ | 4,155 | $ | 946 | $ | 872 | $ | 270 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 23 | $ | 23 | $ | | $ | | $ | 23 | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity shareholders |
2,249 | 1,895 | 760 | 1,908 | (592 | ) | 6,220 | 4,155 | 946 | 849 | 270 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average assets (6)(7) |
$ | 305,070 | $ | 84,693 | $ | 53,983 | $ | 284,259 | $ | 172,208 | $ | 900,213 | $ | 685,956 | $ | 147,723 | $ | 43,123 | $ | 23,411 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 |
Net interest income (2) |
$ | 5,954 | $ | 1,291 | $ | 1,449 | $ | 2,701 | $ | 64 | $ | 11,459 | $ | 9,159 | $ | 1,470 | $ | 672 | $ | 158 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest income (3)(4) |
2,196 | 3,379 | 745 | 1,819 | 417 | 8,556 | 6,230 | 1,365 | 622 | 339 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
8,150 | 4,670 | 2,194 | 4,520 | 481 | 20,015 | 15,389 | 2,835 | 1,294 | 497 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) |
350 | (39 | ) | (75 | ) | (100 | ) | 22 | 158 | 320 | (165 | ) | 21 | (18 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization and impairment (5) |
213 | 27 | 109 | 11 | 657 | 1,017 | 812 | 128 | 60 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other non-interest expenses |
4,201 | 2,416 | 1,012 | 2,106 | 783 | 10,518 | 8,423 | 1,382 | 504 | 209 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income |
3,386 | 2,266 | 1,148 | 2,503 | (981 | ) | 8,322 | 5,834 | 1,490 | 709 | 289 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes (2) |
892 | 601 | 222 | 646 | (485 | ) | 1,876 | 1,320 | 381 | 101 | 74 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 2,494 | $ | 1,665 | $ | 926 | $ | 1,857 | $ | (496 | ) | $ | 6,446 | $ | 4,514 | $ | 1,109 | $ | 608 | $ | 215 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 17 | $ | 17 | $ | | $ | | $ | 17 | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity shareholders |
2,494 | 1,665 | 926 | 1,857 | (513 | ) | 6,429 | 4,514 | 1,109 | 591 | 215 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average assets (6)(7) |
$ | 272,645 | $ | 70,070 | $ | 46,733 | $ | 255,063 | $ | 165,110 | $ | 809,621 | $ | 624,791 | $ | 130,302 | $ | 36,777 | $ | 17,751 |
(1) | Net income and average assets are allocated based on the geographic location where they are recorded. |
(2) | Capital Markets net interest income and income taxes include taxable equivalent basis (TEB) adjustments of $211 million (2021: $204 million) with an equivalent offset in Corporate and Other. |
(3) | The fee and commission income within non-interest income consists primarily of underwriting and advisory fees, deposit and payment fees, credit fees, card fees, investment management and custodial fees, mutual fund fees and commissions on securities transactions. Underwriting and advisory fees are earned primarily in Capital Markets with the remainder earned in Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management. Deposit and payment fees are earned primarily in Canadian Personal and Business Banking, with the remainder earned mainly in Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, Capital Markets and Corporate and Other. Credit fees are earned primarily in Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, Capital Markets, and U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management. Card fees are earned primarily in Canadian Personal and Business Banking, with the remainder earned mainly in Corporate and Other. Investment management and custodial fees are earned primarily in Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management and U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, with the remainder earned mainly in Corporate and Other. Mutual fund fees are earned primarily in Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management and U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management. Commissions on securities transactions are earned primarily in Capital Markets and Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management. |
(4) | Includes intersegment revenue, which represents internal sales commissions and revenue allocations under the Product Owner/Customer Segment/Distributor Channel allocation management model. |
(5) | Comprises amortization and impairment of buildings, right-of-use assets, furniture, equipment, leasehold improvements, software and other intangible assets, and goodwill. |
(6) | Assets are disclosed on an average basis as this measure is most relevant to a financial institution and is the measure reviewed by management. |
(7) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
The following table provides a breakdown of revenue from our reporting segments:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
Canadian Personal and Business Banking |
$ | 8,909 | $ | 8,150 | ||||
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
||||||||
Commercial banking |
$ | 2,278 | $ | 1,827 | ||||
Wealth management |
2,976 | 2,843 | ||||||
$ | 5,254 | $ | 4,670 | |||||
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management |
||||||||
Commercial banking |
$ | 1,613 | $ | 1,444 | ||||
Wealth management (1) |
844 | 750 | ||||||
$ | 2,457 | $ | 2,194 | |||||
Capital Markets (2) |
||||||||
Global markets |
$ | 2,322 | $ | 2,076 | ||||
Corporate and investment banking |
1,700 | 1,616 | ||||||
Direct financial services |
979 | 828 | ||||||
$ | 5,001 | $ | 4,520 | |||||
Corporate and Other (2) |
||||||||
International banking |
$ | 778 | $ | 687 | ||||
Other |
(566 | ) | (206 | ) | ||||
$ | 212 | $ | 481 |
(1) | Includes revenue related to the U.S. Paycheck Protection Program. |
(2) | Capital Markets revenue includes a TEB adjustment of $211 million (2021: $204 million) with an equivalent offset in Corporate and Other. |
192 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Consolidated financial statements |
Note 31 | Future accounting policy changes |
IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts (IFRS 17)
IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts (IFRS 17), issued in May 2017, replaces IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts. On June 25, 2020, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 17 partly aimed at helping companies implement the standard. IFRS 17, incorporating the amendments, is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023, which for us will be November 1, 2023. IFRS 17 provides comprehensive guidance on the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of insurance contracts we issue and reinsurance contracts we hold. IFRS 17 is to be applied retrospectively unless impracticable. We expect changes in the timing of revenue recognition for our insurance contracts and changes to our insurance contract liabilities as a result of IFRS 17.
We continue to evaluate the effect of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT
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193
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Condensed consolidated statement of income
2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unaudited, $ millions, for the three months ended | Oct. 31 | Jul. 31 | Apr. 30 | Jan. 31 | Oct. 31 | Jul. 31 | Apr. 30 | Jan. 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income |
$ | 3,185 | $ | 3,236 | $ | 3,088 | $ | 3,132 | $ | 2,980 | $ | 2,893 | $ | 2,747 | $ | 2,839 | ||||||||||||||||
Non-interest income |
2,203 | 2,335 | 2,288 | 2,366 | 2,084 | 2,163 | 2,185 | 2,124 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
5,388 | 5,571 | 5,376 | 5,498 | 5,064 | 5,056 | 4,932 | 4,963 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses |
436 | 243 | 303 | 75 | 78 | (99 | ) | 32 | 147 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
3,483 | 3,183 | 3,114 | 3,023 | 3,135 | 2,918 | 2,756 | 2,726 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
1,469 | 2,145 | 1,959 | 2,400 | 1,851 | 2,237 | 2,144 | 2,090 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
284 | 479 | 436 | 531 | 411 | 507 | 493 | 465 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 1,185 | $ | 1,666 | $ | 1,523 | $ | 1,869 | $ | 1,440 | $ | 1,730 | $ | 1,651 | $ | 1,625 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests |
$ | 7 | $ | 6 | $ | 5 | $ | 5 | $ | 4 | $ | 5 | $ | 4 | $ | 4 | ||||||||||||||||
Preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders |
37 | 46 | 47 | 41 | 47 | 30 | 51 | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common shareholders |
1,141 | 1,614 | 1,471 | 1,823 | 1,389 | 1,695 | 1,596 | 1,591 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to equity shareholders |
$ | 1,178 | $ | 1,660 | $ | 1,518 | $ | 1,864 | $ | 1,436 | $ | 1,725 | $ | 1,647 | $ | 1,621 |
Condensed consolidated balance sheet
2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unaudited, $ millions, as at | Oct. 31 | Jul. 31 | Apr. 30 | Jan. 31 | Oct. 31 | Jul. 31 | Apr. 30 | Jan. 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and deposits with banks |
$ | 63,861 | $ | 45,334 | $ | 48,020 | $ | 43,350 | $ | 56,997 | $ | 50,296 | $ | 47,197 | $ | 63,293 | ||||||||||||||||
Securities |
175,879 | 176,849 | 172,273 | 179,003 | 161,401 | 157,478 | 155,122 | 150,493 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements |
84,539 | 75,412 | 79,047 | 81,071 | 79,940 | 76,206 | 74,679 | 75,953 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
269,706 | 267,727 | 261,986 | 257,109 | 251,526 | 245,045 | 234,747 | 226,594 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal and credit card |
61,908 | 60,433 | 59,056 | 53,801 | 53,031 | 52,101 | 53,004 | 52,680 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
188,542 | 179,577 | 172,475 | 164,697 | 150,213 | 144,130 | 136,567 | 134,863 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for credit losses |
(3,073 | ) | (2,823 | ) | (2,823 | ) | (2,838 | ) | (2,849 | ) | (2,926 | ) | (3,200 | ) | (3,484 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
43,035 | 36,284 | 46,665 | 33,066 | 35,912 | 34,360 | 35,313 | 34,165 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Customers liability under acceptances |
11,574 | 11,681 | 11,736 | 10,618 | 10,958 | 10,817 | 11,002 | 10,322 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets |
47,626 | 46,316 | 45,713 | 41,787 | 40,554 | 38,560 | 38,447 | 38,029 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 943,597 | $ | 896,790 | $ | 894,148 | $ | 861,664 | $ | 837,683 | $ | 806,067 | $ | 782,878 | $ | 782,908 | |||||||||||||||||
Liabilities and equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
$ | 232,095 | $ | 228,909 | $ | 225,229 | $ | 220,082 | $ | 213,932 | $ | 210,683 | $ | 207,028 | $ | 206,090 | ||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
397,188 | 378,363 | 368,969 | 362,362 | 344,388 | 332,974 | 313,201 | 310,445 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bank |
22,523 | 23,271 | 22,495 | 19,794 | 20,246 | 18,708 | 17,140 | 18,666 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secured borrowings |
45,766 | 47,914 | 48,794 | 47,470 | 42,592 | 40,604 | 39,194 | 38,726 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
52,340 | 39,439 | 45,054 | 29,236 | 32,101 | 29,291 | 34,121 | 32,158 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acceptances |
11,586 | 11,685 | 11,767 | 10,656 | 10,961 | 10,879 | 11,071 | 10,380 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities lent or sold short or under repurchase agreements |
97,308 | 87,170 | 88,901 | 93,980 | 97,133 | 90,059 | 89,594 | 97,743 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
28,117 | 24,856 | 28,701 | 25,261 | 24,961 | 22,931 | 23,196 | 22,078 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness |
6,292 | 6,359 | 6,291 | 5,531 | 5,539 | 5,653 | 5,653 | 4,693 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity |
50,382 | 48,824 | 47,947 | 47,292 | 45,830 | 44,285 | 42,680 | 41,929 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 943,597 | $ | 896,790 | $ | 894,148 | $ | 861,664 | $ | 837,683 | $ | 806,067 | $ | 782,878 | $ | 782,908 |
194 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Select financial measures
2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unaudited, as at or for the three months ended | Oct. 31 | Jul. 31 | Apr. 30 | Jan. 31 | Oct. 31 | Jul. 31 | Apr. 30 | Jan. 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Return on common shareholders equity |
10.1 | % | 14.6 | % | 14.0 | % | 17.4 | % | 13.4 | % | 17.1 | % | 17.1 | % | 17.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Return on average assets (1) |
0.50 | % | 0.73 | % | 0.71 | % | 0.85 | % | 0.68 | % | 0.85 | % | 0.85 | % | 0.81 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Average common shareholders |
$ | 44,770 | $ | 43,875 | $ | 43,155 | $ | 41,610 | $ | 40,984 | $ | 39,263 | $ | 38,189 | $ | 37,067 | ||||||||||||||||
Average assets ($ millions) (1) |
$ | 947,830 | $ | 899,963 | $ | 881,909 | $ | 870,553 | $ | 835,931 | $ | 806,768 | $ | 795,373 | $ | 799,948 | ||||||||||||||||
Average assets to average common equity (1) |
21.2 | 20.5 | 20.4 | 20.9 | 20.4 | 20.5 | 20.8 | 21.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital and leverage (2) |
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CET1 ratio |
11.7 | % | 11.8 | % | 11.7 | % | 12.2 | % | 12.4 | % | 12.3 | % | 12.4 | % | 12.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Tier 1 capital ratio |
13.3 | % | 13.2 | % | 13.2 | % | 13.8 | % | 14.1 | % | 13.7 | % | 13.9 | % | 13.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Total capital ratio |
15.3 | % | 15.3 | % | 15.3 | % | 15.7 | % | 16.2 | % | 16.0 | % | 16.2 | % | 15.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Leverage ratio |
4.4 | % | 4.3 | % | 4.2 | % | 4.3 | % | 4.7 | % | 4.6 | % | 4.7 | % | 4.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Net interest margin |
1.33 | % | 1.43 | % | 1.44 | % | 1.43 | % | 1.41 | % | 1.42 | % | 1.42 | % | 1.41 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets |
1.51 | % | 1.61 | % | 1.61 | % | 1.60 | % | 1.58 | % | 1.60 | % | 1.59 | % | 1.58 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Operating leverage |
(4.7 | )% | 1.1 | % | (4.0 | )% | (0.1 | )% | 1.7 | % | (0.6 | )% | 5.8 | % | 13.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Efficiency ratio |
64.6 | % | 57.1 | % | 57.9 | % | 55.0 | % | 61.9 | % | 57.7 | % | 55.9 | % | 54.9 | % |
(1) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
(2) | RWA and our capital ratios are calculated pursuant to OSFIs CAR Guideline, the leverage ratio is calculated pursuant to OSFIs Leverage Requirements Guideline, and LCR and NSFR are calculated pursuant to OSFIs LAR Guideline, all of which are based on BCBS standards. For additional information, see the Capital management and Liquidity risk sections of the MD&A. |
Common share information
2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unaudited, as at or for the three months ended | Oct. 31 | Jul. 31 | Apr. 30 | Jan. 31 | Oct. 31 | Jul. 31 | Apr. 30 | Jan. 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average basic shares |
905,120 | 903,742 | 902,489 | 901,870 | 900,937 | 899,180 | 896,910 | 894,563 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Per share (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
basic earnings |
$ | 1.26 | $ | 1.79 | $ | 1.63 | $ | 2.02 | $ | 1.54 | $ | 1.88 | $ | 1.78 | $ | 1.78 | ||||||||||||||||
diluted earnings |
1.26 | 1.78 | 1.62 | 2.01 | 1.54 | 1.88 | 1.78 | 1.78 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
dividends |
0.830 | 0.830 | 0.805 | 0.805 | 0.730 | 0.730 | 0.730 | 0.730 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
book value (2) |
49.95 | 48.97 | 48.09 | 47.43 | 45.83 | 45.03 | 43.35 | 42.62 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Closing share price (1)(3) |
61.87 | 64.78 | 71.01 | 79.81 | 75.09 | 72.54 | 63.89 | 54.49 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividend payout ratio |
65.9 | % | 46.4 | % | 49.4 | % | 39.8 | % | 47.3 | % | 38.7 | % | 41.0 | % | 41.1 | % |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. The dividend per share amounts include the impact of rounding. |
(2) | Common shareholders equity divided by the number of common shares issued and outstanding at end of period. |
(3) | The high and low price during the period, and closing price on the last trading day of the period, on the TSX. |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT | 195 |
Condensed consolidated statement of income
Unaudited, $ millions, for the year ended October 31 |
2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income |
$ | 12,641 | $ | 11,459 | $ | 11,044 | $ | 10,551 | $ | 10,065 | $ | 8,977 | $ | 8,366 | $ | 7,915 | $ | 7,459 | $ | 7,453 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest income |
9,192 | 8,556 | 7,697 | 8,060 | 7,769 | 7,303 | 6,669 | 5,941 | 5,904 | 5,252 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
21,833 | 20,015 | 18,741 | 18,611 | 17,834 | 16,280 | 15,035 | 13,856 | 13,363 | 12,705 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for credit losses |
1,057 | 158 | 2,489 | 1,286 | 870 | 829 | 1,051 | 771 | 937 | 1,121 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest expenses |
12,803 | 11,535 | 11,362 | 10,856 | 10,258 | 9,571 | 8,971 | 8,861 | 8,512 | 7,608 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
7,973 | 8,322 | 4,890 | 6,469 | 6,706 | 5,880 | 5,013 | 4,224 | 3,914 | 3,976 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
1,730 | 1,876 | 1,098 | 1,348 | 1,422 | 1,162 | 718 | 634 | 699 | 626 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 6,243 | $ | 6,446 | $ | 3,792 | $ | 5,121 | $ | 5,284 | $ | 4,718 | $ | 4,295 | $ | 3,590 | $ | 3,215 | $ | 3,350 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests |
$ | 23 | $ | 17 | $ | 2 | $ | 25 | $ | 17 | $ | 19 | $ | 20 | $ | 14 | $ | (3 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders |
171 | 158 | 122 | 111 | 89 | 52 | 38 | 45 | 87 | 99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common shareholders |
6,049 | 6,271 | 3,668 | 4,985 | 5,178 | 4,647 | 4,237 | 3,531 | 3,131 | 3,253 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable |
$ | 6,220 | $ | 6,429 | $ | 3,790 | $ | 5,096 | $ | 5,267 | $ | 4,699 | $ | 4,275 | $ | 3,576 | $ | 3,218 | $ | 3,352 |
Condensed consolidated balance sheet
Unaudited, $ millions, as at October 31 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and deposits with banks |
$ | 63,861 | $ | 56,997 | $ | 62,518 | $ | 17,359 | $ | 17,691 | $ | 14,152 | $ | 14,165 | $ | 18,637 | $ | 13,547 | $ | 6,379 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Securities |
175,879 | 161,401 | 149,046 | 121,310 | 101,664 | 93,419 | 87,423 | 74,982 | 59,542 | 71,984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements |
84,539 | 79,940 | 74,142 | 59,775 | 48,938 | 45,418 | 33,810 | 33,334 | 36,796 | 28,728 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgages |
269,706 | 251,526 | 221,165 | 208,652 | 207,749 | 207,271 | 187,298 | 169,258 | 157,526 | 150,938 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal and credit card |
61,908 | 53,031 | 53,611 | 56,406 | 55,731 | 53,315 | 50,373 | 48,321 | 47,087 | 49,213 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
188,542 | 150,213 | 135,546 | 125,798 | 109,555 | 97,766 | 71,437 | 65,276 | 56,075 | 48,207 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for credit losses |
(3,073 | ) | (2,849 | ) | (3,540 | ) | (1,915 | ) | (1,639 | ) | (1,618 | ) | (1,691 | ) | (1,670 | ) | (1,660 | ) | (1,698 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
43,035 | 35,912 | 32,730 | 23,895 | 21,431 | 24,342 | 27,762 | 26,342 | 20,680 | 19,947 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Customers liability under acceptances |
11,574 | 10,958 | 9,606 | 9,167 | 10,265 | 8,824 | 12,364 | 9,796 | 9,212 | 9,720 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets |
47,626 | 40,554 | 34,727 | 31,157 | 25,714 | 22,375 | 18,416 | 19,033 | 16,098 | 14,588 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 943,597 | $ | 837,683 | $ | 769,551 | $ | 651,604 | $ | 597,099 | $ | 565,264 | $ | 501,357 | $ | 463,309 | $ | 414,903 | $ | 398,006 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities and equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal |
$ | 232,095 | $ | 213,932 | $ | 202,152 | $ | 178,091 | $ | 163,879 | $ | 159,327 | $ | 148,081 | $ | 137,378 | $ | 130,085 | $ | 125,034 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Business and government |
397,188 | 344,388 | 311,426 | 257,502 | 240,149 | 225,622 | 190,240 | 178,850 | 148,793 | 134,736 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bank |
22,523 | 20,246 | 17,011 | 11,224 | 14,380 | 13,789 | 17,842 | 10,785 | 7,732 | 5,592 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secured borrowings |
45,766 | 42,592 | 40,151 | 38,895 | 42,607 | 40,968 | 39,484 | 39,644 | 38,783 | 49,802 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments |
52,340 | 32,101 | 30,508 | 25,113 | 20,973 | 23,271 | 28,807 | 29,057 | 21,841 | 19,724 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acceptances |
11,586 | 10,961 | 9,649 | 9,188 | 10,296 | 8,828 | 12,395 | 9,796 | 9,212 | 9,721 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations related to securities lent or sold short or under repurchase agreements |
97,308 | 97,133 | 89,440 | 69,258 | 47,353 | 43,708 | 24,550 | 20,149 | 23,764 | 20,313 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
28,117 | 24,961 | 22,167 | 19,069 | 18,266 | 15,305 | 12,919 | 12,223 | 10,932 | 10,862 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated indebtedness |
6,292 | 5,539 | 5,712 | 4,684 | 4,080 | 3,209 | 3,366 | 3,874 | 4,978 | 4,228 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests |
201 | 182 | 181 | 186 | 173 | 202 | 201 | 193 | 164 | 175 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shareholders equity |
50,181 | 45,648 | 41,154 | 38,394 | 34,943 | 31,035 | 23,472 | 21,360 | 18,619 | 17,819 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 943,597 | $ | 837,683 | $ | 769,551 | $ | 651,604 | $ | 597,099 | $ | 565,264 | $ | 501,357 | $ | 463,309 | $ | 414,903 | $ | 398,006 |
196 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Select financial measures
Unaudited, as at or for the year ended October 31 |
2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Return on equity |
14.0 | % | 16.1 | % | 10.0 | % | 14.5 | % | 16.6 | % | 18.3 | % | 19.9 | % | 18.7 | % | 18.3 | % | 21.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Return on average assets (1) |
0.69 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.52 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.88 | % | 0.87 | % | 0.84 | % | 0.79 | % | 0.78 | % | 0.83 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Average common shareholders |
$ | 43,354 | $ | 38,881 | $ | 36,792 | $ | 34,467 | $ | 31,184 | $ | 25,393 | $ | 21,275 | $ | 18,857 | $ | 17,067 | $ | 15,167 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Average assets ($ millions) (1) |
$ | 900,213 | $ | 809,621 | $ | 735,492 | $ | 639,716 | $ | 598,441 | $ | 542,365 | $ | 509,140 | $ | 455,324 | $ | 411,481 | $ | 403,546 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Average assets to average common equity (1) |
20.8 | 20.8 | 20.0 | 18.6 | 19.2 | 21.4 | 23.9 | 24.1 | 24.1 | 26.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital and leverage Basel III |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CET1 ratio (2) |
11.7 | % | 12.4 | % | 12.1 | % | 11.6 | % | 11.4 | % | 10.6 | % | 11.3 | % | 10.8 | % | 10.3 | % | 9.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Tier 1 capital ratio |
13.3 | % | 14.1 | % | 13.6 | % | 12.9 | % | 12.9 | % | 12.1 | % | 12.8 | % | 12.5 | % | 12.2 | % | 11.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total capital ratio |
15.3 | % | 16.2 | % | 16.1 | % | 15.0 | % | 14.9 | % | 13.8 | % | 14.8 | % | 15.0 | % | 15.5 | % | 14.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Leverage ratio |
4.4 | % | 4.7 | % | 4.7 | % | 4.3 | % | 4.3 | % | 4.0 | % | 4.0 | % | 3.9 | % | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest margin |
1.40 | % | 1.42 | % | 1.50 | % | 1.65 | % | 1.68 | % | 1.66 | % | 1.64 | % | 1.74 | % | 1.81 | % | 1.85 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets |
1.58 | % | 1.59 | % | 1.69 | % | 1.84 | % | 1.88 | % | 1.85 | % | 1.88 | % | 2.00 | % | 2.05 | % | 2.12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Operating leverage |
(1.9 | )% | 5.3 | % | (4.0 | )% | (1.5 | )% | 2.4 | % | 1.6 | % | 7.3 | % | (0.4 | )% | (6.7 | )% | (3.9 | )% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Efficiency ratio |
58.6 | % | 57.6 | % | 60.6 | % | 58.3 | % | 57.5 | % | 58.8 | % | 59.7 | % | 63.9 | % | 63.7 | % | 59.9 | % |
(1) | Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances. |
(2) | RWA and our capital ratios are calculated pursuant to OSFIs CAR Guideline, the leverage ratio is calculated pursuant to OSFIs Leverage Requirements Guideline, and LCR and NSFR are calculated pursuant to OSFIs LAR Guideline, all of which are based on BCBS standards. For additional information, see the Capital management and Liquidity risk sections of the MD&A. |
Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity
Unaudited, $ millions, for the year ended October 31 |
2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 45,830 | $ | 41,335 | $ | 38,580 | $ | 35,116 | $ | 31,237 | $ | 23,673 | $ | 21,553 | $ | 18,783 | $ | 17,994 | $ | 16,367 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment for change in accounting policy |
| | 148 | (1) | 6 | (2) | (91 | ) (3) | | | | | (4) | 7 | (5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Premium on purchase of common shares |
(105 | ) | | (166 | ) | (79 | ) | (313 | ) | | (209 | ) | (9 | ) | (250 | ) | (422 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in share capital |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred and other equity |
598 | 750 | 750 | 575 | 453 | 797 | | (31 | ) | (675 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common |
375 | 443 | 317 | 348 | 695 | 4,522 | 213 | 31 | 29 | (16 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in contributed surplus |
5 | (7 | ) | (8 | ) | (11 | ) | (1 | ) | 65 | (4 | ) | 1 | (7 | ) | (3 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in OCI |
570 | (339 | ) | 647 | 122 | 317 | (338 | ) | (248 | ) | 933 | 145 | 325 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
6,220 | 6,429 | 3,790 | 5,096 | 5,267 | 4,699 | 4,275 | 3,576 | 3,218 | 3,352 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends and distributions |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred and other equity |
(171 | ) | (158 | ) | (122 | ) | (111 | ) | (89 | ) | (52 | ) | (38 | ) | (45 | ) | (87 | ) | (99 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Common |
(2,954 | ) | (2,622 | ) | (2,592 | ) | (2,488 | ) | (2,356 | ) | (2,121 | ) | (1,879 | ) | (1,708 | ) | (1,567 | ) | (1,523 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests |
19 | 1 | (5 | ) | 13 | (25 | ) | 1 | 8 | 29 | (11 | ) | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
(5 | ) | (2 | ) | (4 | ) | (7 | ) | 22 | (9 | ) | 2 | (7 | ) | (6 | ) | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ 50,382 | $ | 45,830 | $ | 41,335 | $ | 38,580 | $ | 35,116 | $ | 31,237 | $ | 23,673 | $ | 21,553 | $ | 18,783 | $ | 17,994 |
(1) | Represents the impact of adoption of IFRS 16 Leases. |
(2) | Represents the impact of adoption of IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers. |
(3) | Represents the impact of adoption of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments. |
(4) | Represents the impact of adoption of IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements. |
(5) | Represents the impact of adoption of amendments to IAS 19 Employee Benefits. |
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT | 197 |
Common share information
Unaudited, as at or for the year ended October 31 |
2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding (thousands) (1) |
903,312 | 897,906 | 890,870 | 888,648 | 886,163 | (2) | 825,271 | 790,778 | 794,426 | 795,241 | 801,760 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Per share (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
basic earnings |
$ | 6.70 | $ | 6.98 | $ | 4.12 | $ | 5.61 | $ | 5.84 | $ | 5.63 | $ | 5.36 | $ | 4.45 | $ | 3.94 | $ | 4.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||
diluted earnings |
6.68 | 6.96 | 4.11 | 5.60 | 5.82 | 5.62 | 5.35 | 4.44 | 3.93 | 4.05 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
dividends |
3.270 | 2.920 | 2.910 | 2.800 | 2.660 | 2.540 | 2.375 | 2.150 | 1.970 | 1.900 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
book value (3) |
49.95 | 45.83 | 42.03 | 39.94 | 36.92 | 33.28 | 28.30 | 25.63 | 44.30 | 40.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Closing share price (1)(4) |
61.87 | 75.09 | 49.69 | 56.16 | 56.84 | 56.78 | 50.25 | 50.14 | 51.45 | 44.35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividend payout ratio |
48.8 | % | 41.8 | % | 70.7 | % | 49.9 | % | 45.5 | % | 45.6 | % | 44.3 | % | 48.4 | % | 50.0 | % | 46.8 | % |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. The dividend per share amounts include the impact of rounding. |
(2) | Excludes 4,021,780 common shares (adjusted for the Share Split noted above) which were issued and outstanding but which had not been acquired by a third-party as at October 31, 2017. These shares were issued as a component of our acquisition of The PrivateBank. |
(3) | Common shareholders equity divided by the number of common shares issued and outstanding at end of year. |
(4) | The closing price on the last trading day of the year, on the TSX. |
Preferred shares and other equity instruments (1)
Unaudited, for the year ended October 31 |
2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred shares |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class A |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series 26 |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 1.4375 | $ | 1.4375 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Series 27 |
| | | | | | | 0.3500 | 1.4000 | 1.4000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series 29 |
| | | | | | | 0.6750 | 1.3500 | 1.3500 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series 33 |
| | | | | | | | 1.0031 | 1.3375 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series 35 |
| | | | | | | | 0.8125 | 1.6250 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series 37 |
| | | | | | | | 1.2188 | 1.6250 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series 39 |
0.9283 | 0.9283 | 0.9283 | 0.9633 | 0.9750 | 0.9750 | 0.9750 | 0.9750 | 0.3793 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series 41 |
0.9773 | 0.9773 | 0.9673 | 0.9375 | 0.9375 | 0.9375 | 0.9375 | 0.8203 | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series 43 |
0.7858 | 0.7858 | 0.8714 | 0.9000 | 0.9000 | 0.9000 | 0.9000 | 0.5764 | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series 45 (2) |
0.8250 | 1.1000 | 1.1000 | 1.1000 | 1.1000 | 0.4551 | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series 47 |
1.1250 | 1.1250 | 1.1250 | 1.1250 | 0.8769 | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series 49 |
1.3000 | 1.3000 | 1.3000 | 0.9990 | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series 51 |
1.2875 | 1.2875 | 1.2875 | 0.5256 | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other equity instruments |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Limited Recourse Capital Notes (3) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series 1 |
4.375 | % | 4.375 | % | 4.375 | % | | % | | % | | % | | % | | % | | % | | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Series 2 |
4.000 | % | 4.000 | % | | % | | % | | % | | % | | % | | % | | % | | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Series 3 |
7.150 | % | | % | | % | | % | | % | | % | | % | | % | | % | | % |
(1) | The dividends and distributions are adjusted for the number of days during the year that the share and other equity instruments are outstanding at the time of issuance and redemption. |
(2) | Series 45 preferred shares were redeemed on July 29, 2022. |
(3) | Represents the annual interest rate percentage applicable to the LRCNs issued as at October 31 for each respective year. |
198 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Fiscal Year
November 1st to October 31st
Key Dates
Reporting dates 2023
First quarter results Friday, February 24, 2023
Second quarter results Thursday, May 25, 2023
Third quarter results Thursday, August 31, 2023
Fourth quarter results Thursday, November 30, 2023
Annual Meeting of Shareholders 2023
CIBCs Annual Meeting of Shareholders will be held on April 4, 2023. For more details, please visit our Annual Meeting webpage at https://www.cibc.com/en/about-cibc/investor-relations/annual-meeting.html.
Common shares of CIBC (CM) are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. Preferred shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.
Dividends
Quarterly dividends were paid on CIBC common and preferred shares in 2022:
Common shares(1)
Record date | Payment date | Dividends per share | Number of common shares on record date | |||
Sep 28/22 | Oct 28/22 | $0.830 | 905,122,577 | |||
Jun 28/22 | Jul 28/22 | $0.830 | 903,857,263 | |||
Mar 28/22 | Apr 28/22 | $0.805 | 902,498,850 | |||
Dec 29/21 | Jan 28/22 | $0.805 | 901,626,696 |
Preferred shares
Stock | Series 39 | Series 41 | Series 43 | Series 47 | Series 49 | Series 51 | Series 56 | |||||||
Ticker symbol | CM.PR.O | CM.PR.P | CM.PR.Q | CM.PR.S | CM.PR.T | CM.PR.Y | n/a | |||||||
Quarterly dividend | $0.232063 | $0.244313 | $0.196438 | $0.281250 | $0.325000 | $0.321875 | n/a | |||||||
Semi-annual dividend | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | $36.825000 |
(1) | On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBCs issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. |
2023 dividend payment dates
(Subject to approval by the CIBC Board of Directors)
Record dates | Payment dates | |
December 28, 2022 | January 27, 2023 | |
March 28, 2023 | April 28, 2023 | |
June 28, 2023 | July 28, 2023 | |
September 28, 2023 | October 27, 2023 |
Eligible dividends
CIBC designates any and all dividends paid or deemed for Canadian federal, provincial or territorial income tax purposes to be paid on or after January 1, 2006 to be eligible dividends, unless otherwise indicated in respect of dividends paid subsequent to this notification, and hereby notifies all recipients of such dividends of this designation.
Regulatory capital
Information on CIBCs regulatory capital instruments and regulatory capital position may be found at https://www.cibc.com/en/about-cibc/investor-relations/regulatory-capital-instruments.html.
Credit ratings
Credit rating information can be found on pages 8081 in this Annual Report.
Shareholder investment plan
All Canadian and U.S. resident registered holders of CIBC common shares and designated Class A preferred shares may participate in one or more of the following options and pay no brokerage commissions or service charges:
Dividend reinvestment option Canadian residents may have dividends reinvested in additional CIBC common shares.
Share purchase option Canadian residents may purchase up to $50,000 of additional CIBC common shares during the fiscal year.
Stock dividend option U.S. residents may elect to receive stock dividends on CIBC common shares.
Further information is available through TSX Trust Company and on the CIBC website at www.cibc.com.
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT | 199 |
Transfer agent and registrar
For information relating to shareholdings, shareholder investment plan, dividends, direct dividend deposit, dividend reinvestment accounts and lost certificates, or to eliminate duplicate mailings of shareholder material, please contact:
TSX Trust Company, P.O. Box 700, Postal Station B, Montreal, QC, H3B 3K3,
416 682-3860 or 1 800 258-0499 (Canada and the U.S. only), fax 1 888 249-6189, Email: shareholderinquiries@tmx.com,
website: www.tsxtrust.com.
Common and preferred shares are transferable in Canada at the offices of our agent, TSX Trust Company, in Toronto, Montreal, Calgary and Vancouver.
In the U.S., common shares are transferable at:
Computershare Inc., By Mail: P.O. Box 43078 Providence, RI 02940; By Overnight Delivery: 150 Royall St., Canton, MA 02021, 1 800-522-6645, website: www.computershare.com/investor.
Registered shareholders can opt to have their shares recorded electronically in the Direct Registration System (DRS). Please contact our transfer agent for details.
How to reach us:
CIBC Head Office 81 Bay Street, CIBC SQUARE, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5J 0E7 SWIFT code: CIBCCATT Website: www.cibc.com |
Investor Relations Email: Mailbox.InvestorRelations@cibc.com |
Corporate Secretary Email: corporate.secretary@cibc.com |
Client Complaint Appeals Office (CCAO) Toll-free across Canada: 1-888-947-5207 Email: mailbox.clientcomplaintappeals@cibc.com |
CIBC Telephone Banking Toll-free across Canada: 1 800 465-2422 |
Communications and Public Affairs Email: Mailbox.Communications@cibc.com |
Client Care Toll-free across Canada: 1 800 465-2255 Email: client.care@cibc.com |
Where to find more information
CIBC Annual Report 2022
Additional print copies of the Annual Report will be available in March 2023 and may be obtained by emailing Mailbox.InvestorRelations@cibc.com. The Annual Report is also available online at www.cibc.com/ca/investor-relations/annual-reports.html.
Des exemplaires supplémentaires du Rapport annuel seront disponibles en mars 2023 et peuvent être commandés par courriel à relationsinvestisseurs@cibc.com. Le Rapport annuel est aussi disponible à ladresse www.cibc.com/ca/investor-relations/annual-reports-fr.html.
CIBC Sustainability Report and Public Accountability Statement 2022
This report reviews our economic, environmental, social and governance activities over the past year and will be available in March 2023 at https://www.cibc.com/en/about-cibc/corporate-responsibility.html.
Management Proxy Circular 2023
The Management Proxy Circular contains information for shareholders about CIBCs annual meeting, including information relating to the election of CIBCs directors, appointment of auditors and shareholder proposals, as well as other matters. The 2023 Proxy Circular will be available in March 2023 at www.cibc.com.
Corporate Governance
CIBCs Statement of Corporate Governance Practices describes the governance framework that guides the Board and management in fulfilling their obligations to CIBC and our shareholders. This statement and other information on Corporate Governance at CIBC, including our CIBC Code of Conduct for all employees and Directors, can be found on our corporate website at www.cibc.com/ca/inside-cibc/governance/governance-practices.html.
Regulatory Filings
In Canada with the Canadian Securities Administrators at www.sedar.com.
In the U.S. with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission at www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml.
Incorporation
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) is a diversified financial institution governed by the Bank Act (Canada). CIBC was formed through the amalgamation of The Canadian Bank of Commerce and Imperial Bank of Canada in 1961.
The Canadian Bank of Commerce was originally incorporated as Bank of Canada by special act of the legislature of the Province of Canada in 1858. Subsequently, the name was changed to The Canadian Bank of Commerce and it opened for business under that name in 1867. Imperial Bank of Canada was incorporated in 1875 by special act of the Parliament of Canada and commenced operations in that year.
Trademarks
Trademarks used in this Annual Report which are owned by Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, or its subsidiaries in Canada and/or other countries include, Ambitions Made Real, CIBC Agility, CIBC Bank USA Smart Account, the CIBC logo, CIBC eAdvantage, CIBC FirstCaribbean International Bank, CIBC ForeignCash Online, CIBC Global Money Transfer, CIBC GoalPlanner, CIBC Investors Edge, CIBC Miracle Day, CIBC Mobile Banking, CIBC Private Wealth, CIBC Smart, CIBC Smart Planner, CIBC SmartBanking, Simplii Financial and Wood Gundy. All other trademarks mentioned in this annual report which are not owned by Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce or its subsidiaries, are the property of their respective owners.
200 | CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |
Board of Directors:
Katharine B. Stevenson Chair of the Board CIBC Corporate Director Toronto, Ontario, Canada Joined in 2011 |
Ammar Aljoundi (RMC) President and Chief Executive Officer Agnico Eagle Mines Limited Toronto, Ontario, Canada Joined in 2022 |
Charles J. G. Brindamour (RMC) Chief Executive Officer Intact Financial Corporation Toronto, Ontario, Canada Joined in 2020 |
Nanci E. Caldwell (CGC, MRCC) Corporate Director Woodside, California, U.S.A. Joined in 2015 | |||
Michelle L. Collins (AC) President Cambium LLC Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. Joined in 2017 |
Luc Desjardins (MRCC) President and Chief Executive Officer Superior Plus Corp. Toronto, Ontario, Canada Joined in 2009 |
Victor G. Dodig President and Chief Executive Officer CIBC Toronto, Ontario, Canada Joined in 2014 |
Kevin J. Kelly (MRCC Chair) Corporate Director Toronto, Ontario, Canada Joined in 2013 | |||
Christine E. Larsen (RMC) Corporate Director Montclair, New Jersey, U.S.A. Joined in 2016 |
Nicholas D. Le Pan (AC, CGC) Corporate Director Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Joined in 2008 |
Mary Lou Maher (AC Chair) Corporate Director Toronto, Ontario, Canada Joined in 2021 |
William F. Morneau Corporate Director Toronto, Ontario, Canada | |||
Jane L. Peverett (AC, CGC Chair) Corporate Director West Vancouver, British Columbia, Joined in 2009 |
Martine Turcotte (CGC, MRCC) Corporate Director Verdun, Québec, Canada Joined in 2014 |
Barry L. Zubrow (CGC, RMC Chair) Chief Executive Officer ITB LLC West Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.A. Joined in 2015 |
AC Audit Committee
CGC Corporate Governance Committee
MRCC Management Resources and Compensation Committee
RMC Risk Management Committee
CIBC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT | 201 |
CIBC cibc.com
Exhibit 99.3
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Notice of 2023 annual meeting of shareholders and notice of availability of our meeting materials |
You are receiving this notice as a CIBC shareholder
This year, our meeting will take place by live webcast at https://cibcvirtual.com/agm2023 and in person at CIBC Square Auditorium, 81 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario with measures in place that continue to prioritize the health and safety of participants. Either way you can take part, vote, and ask your questions during the meeting. Please visit our Annual Meeting webpage on our Investor Relations website at www.cibc.com for more information.
Notice-and-access
Protecting the environment As part of our ongoing commitment to protect the environment and accelerate climate action, we are reducing the number of paper documents that we send to our shareholders. You have told us how important environmental sustainability is to you and we are listening as we execute on our ESG strategy and related net-zero ambition.
Our Management Proxy Circular We are using notice-and-access to send our registered and non-registered shareholders the 2023 management proxy circular (Circular) as permitted by the Canadian Securities Administrators and with the authorization of the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada. This means that our Circular will be posted online for you to access, rather than being printed and mailed to you. This notice includes information on how to access the Circular online or how to request a paper copy. We also enclose a proxy form (if you are a registered shareholder) or voting instruction form (if you are a non-registered shareholder). This form allows you to exercise your voting rights. For information on how to vote, see Voting below.
It is important that you read the Circular carefully before voting your shares.
Our Annual Financial Statements and Managements Discussion and Analysis The way we send you our annual financial statements and managements discussion and analysis (MD&A) (together with our Circular, the meeting materials) depends on whether you are a registered shareholder or a non-registered shareholder (see definitions on the reverse page). If you are a registered shareholder and you did not sign-up for e-delivery or opt out of receiving our annual financial statements, then we are required to send you our annual financial statements and you will receive a paper copy of our Annual Report with this notice. If you are a non-registered shareholder, then we will use notice-and-access to send you our annual financial statements and MD&A as permitted by securities law so that you can access this material online the same way as our Circular.
Business of the meeting | For more information, please see our Circular: |
1 |
Receive our financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022 and the auditors report on the statements
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Page 1, and our 2022 Annual Report | ||
2 |
Elect directors | Pages 1 and 9-22 | ||
3 |
Appoint the auditors | Pages 1 and 29-30 | ||
4 |
Vote on an advisory resolution regarding our executive compensation approach | Pages 1 and 55-84 | ||
5 |
Vote on shareholder proposals | Pages 1 and 99-107 |
The meeting may also consider other business that properly comes before it. | Continued on reverse side |
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Notice of 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders | Notice of Availability of Meeting Materials
Voting
Please note that you cannot vote by returning this notice.
You may vote your shares before the meeting using one of the following methods:
Registered shareholders
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Non-registered shareholders
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Your proxy form or voting instruction form explains how to vote using these methods. Please follow those instructions. We encourage you to vote before the meeting.
You may also vote during the meeting either by online ballot through the live webcast at https://cibcvirtual.com/agm2023 or by in-person ballot at CIBC Square Auditorium. For more information on how to vote, see Voting starting on page 3 of the Circular.
Registered shareholders
You are a registered shareholder if you hold a paper share certificate in your name or your shares are held through the direct registration system. To be counted, TSX Trust must receive your proxy by 1:00 p.m. (EDT) on Monday, April 3, 2023.
Non-registered shareholders
You are a non-registered shareholder if your shares are registered in the name of an intermediary, such as a bank, broker or trust company. You must allow sufficient time for your intermediary to receive and act on your voting instructions by 1:00 p.m. (EDT) on Monday, April 3, 2023. Please check your voting instruction form for information on the deadline for returning your form.
If you are a non-registered shareholder and wish to attend the virtual meeting through our live webcast and vote online, there are additional steps you MUST take.
Please see Voting starting on page 3 of the Circular for more information.
Non-registered shareholders who have not duly appointed themselves as proxyholder and registered with TSX Trust will not be able to vote at the meeting but will be able to participate as a guest.
How to request a paper copy of the meeting materials
Upon request, TSX Trust will provide a paper copy of the Circular or the Annual Report, free of charge, for a period of one year from the date the meeting materials were filed on SEDAR. Here is how you can request a paper copy.
BEFORE THE MEETING
Go to www.meetingdocuments.com/TSXT/cibc or call 1 888 433-6443 (toll free in Canada and the United States) or 416 682-3801 (other countries) or email TSXT-Fulfilment@tmx.com.
If your request is made before April 4, 2023 (the date of our meeting), the meeting materials will be sent to you within three business days of your request.
Please note that you will not receive another proxy form or voting instruction form so please retain your original form to vote your shares.
To ensure receipt of the paper copy before the voting deadline and meeting date, we estimate that your request must be received by TSX Trust no later than 5:00 p.m. (EDT) on March 21, 2023. This reflects the three business day period for processing requests as well as typical mailing times.
AFTER THE MEETING
Call 1 888 433-6443 (toll free in Canada and the United States) or 416 682-3801 (other countries) or email TSXT-fulfilment@tmx.com.
If your request is made on or after April 4, 2023, the meeting materials will be sent to you within ten calendar days of your request.
If you have any questions regarding this notice, notice-and-access or the meeting, please call 1 800 258-0499 (toll free in Canada and the United States) or 416 682-3860 (other countries).
Go paperless!
Sign up for electronic delivery of our meeting materials and other continuous disclosure documents for future years. Enrolling is easy and electronic delivery is secure, free, convenient and environmentally friendly.
Registered shareholders
Go to tsxtrust.com/edelivery, select Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, complete the consent form and hit submit.
Non-registered shareholders in Canada
Go to www.proxyvote.com and use the control number provided on your voting instruction form.
Notice of 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders | Notice of Availability of Meeting Materials
REVISED: Toll Free Numbers for CIBCs 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
To listen to the meeting toll free by phone but not vote (Canada and United States), please use the numbers below on this slip and disregard the toll free numbers listed in the Notice of Meeting box on the accompanying notice:
● | English 1 866 696-5894 / passcode 2296336# |
● | French 1 866 696-5910 / passcode 6552323# |
Local calling numbers in the attached notice and below remain unchanged:
● | English 416 641-6150 / passcode 2296336# |
● | French 416 406-0743 / passcode 6552323# |
Notice of 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders | Notice of Availability of Meeting Materials
Exhibit 99.4
Proxy Form Annual Meeting of Shareholders April 4, 2023
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Notes to Proxy Form
1. | As a shareholder, you have the right to appoint a proxyholder other than managements nominees, to attend, vote and act on your behalf at the meeting. Your proxyholder does not have to be a shareholder. Simply insert the name of your proxyholder in the space provided. All proxy appointments must be registered with TSX Trust Company (TSX Trust), our transfer agent, by calling TSX Trust at 1 866 751-6315 (within North America) or 1 647 252-9650 (outside North America) or by completing an online form at https://www.tsxtrust.com/control-number-request by 1:00 pm on April 3, 2023. TSX Trust will provide your proxyholder with a control number to vote during the meeting. If you do not insert a name in the box, then Katharine B. Stevenson, Chair of the Board and Victor G. Dodig, President and Chief Executive Officer, will be appointed as your proxyholder. |
2. | If you are an individual shareholder, this proxy must be signed by you or an attorney authorized by you in writing. If the shareholder is a corporation, the proxy should be signed by its authorized officer(s). Individuals signing on behalf of a corporation, trust, estate or under a power of attorney or similar authority, should state the capacity in which they sign. Proof of authority to sign may be required. |
3. | This Proxy Form revokes any proxy previously given for the meeting. |
4. | If this Proxy Form is not dated, it will be considered dated on the day it is mailed to the shareholder. |
5. | The shares represented by a properly executed Proxy Form will be voted for or against or withheld from voting or the proxyholder may abstain, as applicable, in each case as instructed by the shareholder. This Proxy Form confers discretionary authority on the proxyholder to vote as he or she wishes on each matter set out on this Proxy Form, if no choice is specified, and on any amendments or other matters properly brought before the meeting. If you or your proxyholder do not give specific instructions, your shares will be voted FOR items 1 through 3 and AGAINST items 4 through 6. |
6. | If you mark the ABSTAIN box, you are directing your proxyholder to ABSTAIN from voting FOR or AGAINST that matter. An abstention will be counted as present for quorum purposes but will not be counted as a vote cast in determining whether the required majority of votes has approved the shareholder proposal. The number of abstentions will be reported in the voting results. |
7. | For your shares to be voted (or withheld from voting), you must sign and return this Proxy Form or vote by one of the other methods described below. |
8. | This Proxy Form should be read with the Notice of Meeting and Management Proxy Circular available at www.cibc.com, www.meetingdocuments.com/tsxt/cibc, www.sedar.com and www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml. |
Method of Voting
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Complete, sign and date this Proxy Form. Return it in the envelope provided. |
Complete, sign and date this Proxy Form Send it by fax to 1 866 781-3111 for calls in Canada and the US. Send it by fax to 1 416 368-2502 for calls |
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Go to www.tsxtrust.com/vote-proxy and follow the instructions. You will need the control number printed at the top of this Proxy Form. By email: Complete, sign and date this Proxy Form. Scan and email both sides to proxyvote@tmx.com. |
To ensure your vote is counted, proxies must be received by TSX Trust by 1:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time on April 3, 2023, or hand-delivered to the registration table before the start of our meeting on April 4, 2023.
This Proxy is solicited by and on behalf of Management of CIBC
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Appointment of Proxyholder
I appoint Katharine B. Stevenson, Chair of the Board, or failing her, Victor G. Dodig, President and Chief Executive Officer, (managements nominees)
OR | I appoint (please print name in box) |
as my proxyholder, with power of substitution, to attend, vote, withhold from voting or otherwise act on my behalf on all matters that properly come before the Annual Meeting of Shareholders on April 4, 2023 and any adjournment(s) of the meeting as directed herein if a choice is specified by the undersigned or, if no choice is specified, as the proxyholder sees fit, and with authority to act in the proxyholders discretion regarding any amendments or variations and other matters properly brought before the meeting.
Directors and management recommend shareholders vote FOR items 1 through 3:
For |
Withhold | |||||||
2. | Appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as auditors | ☐ | ☐ | |||||
For |
Against | |||||||
3. | Advisory resolution regarding our executive compensation approach | ☐ | ☐ |
Directors and management recommend shareholders vote AGAINST items 4 through 6.
For |
Against |
Abstain |
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4. |
Shareholder Proposal 1 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ||||||||||||||||
For |
Against |
Abstain |
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5. |
Shareholder Proposal 2 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ||||||||||||||||
For |
Against |
Abstain |
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6. |
Shareholder Proposal 3 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
Authorized Signature(s) Sign Here This section must be completed for your vote to be counted. | Day / Month / Year |
Quarterly Reports Request | Annual Report Waiver |
To Consent to Electronic Delivery | ||||||||||
☐ |
Mark this box if you WANT to receive (or continue to receive) quarterly financial statements and MD&A. If you do not mark this box, quarterly reports WILL NOT be sent to you in 2023. |
☐ |
Mark this box if you DO NOT WANT to receive the annual financial statements and MD&A. If you do not mark this box, the Annual Report will continue to be sent to you. |
Go to https://services.tsxtrust.com/edelivery, select Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, complete the consent form and hit submit. |
CIBCs quarterly and annual financial statements and MD&A are available at www.cibc.com on the day they are released.
We are permitted to deliver our Management Proxy Circular to you through notice-and-access as described in the Circular. If you wish to go digital and receive other materials prepared by CIBC, such as notices of meeting, proxy forms, quarterly and annual financial statements and MD&A, and other information by email instead of in hard copy, follow the steps To Consent to Electronic Delivery above.
Please see the notes on the reverse side of this Proxy Form.
If you receive more than one proxy, please follow the steps on the reverse side of this Proxy Form for each one.
Exhibit 99.5
CIBCs 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders - Meeting Materials Now Available
TORONTO, March 2, 2023 CIBC (TSX: CM) (NYSE: CM) today announced that materials for its Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled on Tuesday, April 4, 2023 at 1:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time (EDT), are now available, including the 2023 Management Proxy Circular.
Annual Meeting of Shareholders
Our 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders will take place in person and by live webcast. In-person attendance at the meeting is open to registered shareholders, beneficial shareholders and duly appointed proxyholders. Shareholders and proxyholders may also attend through the live webcast or call into our phone line to listen to the meeting (though voting is not available by phone).
All other interested persons are welcome to attend the meeting through the live webcast.
● | When: Tuesday, April 4, 2023, 1:00 p.m. (EDT) |
● | In person: CIBC Square Auditorium, 81 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario (registered shareholders, beneficial shareholders and duly appointed proxyholders only) |
● | Live webcast: Log in at https://cibcvirtual.com/agm2023 at least 15 minutes before the meeting starts |
● | By phone: |
o | English 416 641-6150 (local) or 1 866 696-5894 (toll free in Canada and the United States) passcode 2296336# |
o | French 416 406-0743 (local) or 1 866 696-5910 (toll free in Canada and the United States) passcode 6552323# |
We encourage shareholders to vote in advance of the meeting by one of the methods described in the Management Proxy Circular (available at www.meetingdocuments.com/TSXT/cibc) and their proxy form or voting instruction form. Shareholders with questions may contact CIBCs transfer agent TSX Trust Company at 1 800 258-0499 (toll free in Canada and the United States) or 416 682-3860 (other countries).
We also encourage shareholders to submit questions for our Board and management in advance of the meeting by email to the Corporate Secretary at corporate.secretary@cibc.com or by mail to CIBC Corporate Secretarys Division, 81 Bay Street, CIBC Square, 20th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5J 0E7.
Meeting Materials
CIBCs meeting materials have been filed with the Canadian Securities Administrators and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Distribution of the meeting materials to shareholders begins today and they can also be accessed online:
● | CIBC website: CIBC Annual Meeting webpage |
● | TSX Trust Companys website: www.meetingdocuments.com/TSXT/cibc |
● | SEDAR: www.sedar.com |
● | EDGAR: www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml |
Shareholders may obtain a paper copy of the Management Proxy Circular or the Annual Report, free of charge, by contacting our transfer agent, TSX Trust Company, through one of the methods described in the Management Proxy Circular.
About CIBC
CIBC is a leading North American financial institution with 13 million personal banking, business, public sector and institutional clients. Across Personal and Business Banking, Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, and Capital Markets businesses, CIBC offers a full range of advice, solutions and services through its leading digital banking network, and locations across Canada, in the United States and around the world. Ongoing news releases and more information about CIBC can be found at https://www.cibc.com/en/about-cibc/media-centre.html.
For further information:
Alice Dunning, CIBC Investor Relations, 416-861-8870, alice.dunning@cibc.com
Jason Patchett, CIBC Investor Relations, 416-980-8691, jason.patchett@cibc.com
Erica Belling, CIBC Investor & Financial Communications, 416 594-7251, erica.belling@cibc.com
Tom Wallis, CIBC Media Relations, 416-980-4048, tom.wallis@cibc.com