As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 19, 2023.

Securities Act File No. 333-268622

File No. 812-01599

 

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

FORM N-2

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1    ☒

Post-Effective Amendment No.    ☐

 

 

 

CRESCENT PRIVATE CREDIT INCOME CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

11100 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 2000

Los Angeles, CA 90025

(310) 235-5900

(Address and telephone number, including area code, of principal executive offices)

 

George P. Hawley

Secretary

CRESCENT PRIVATE CREDIT INCOME CORP.

11100 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 2000

Los Angeles, California 90025

(310) 235-5900

(Name and address of agent for service)

 

 

 

COPIES TO:

 

Monica J. Shilling, P.C. H. Thomas Felix Kirkland & Ellis LLP 2049 Century Park East, 37th Floor Los Angeles, California 90067 (310) 552-4200		Nicole M. Runyan. P.C. Kirkland & Ellis LLP 601 Lexington Avenue New York, New York 10022 (212) 446-4800		Lisa Nosal Kirkland & Ellis LLP 200 Clarendon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02116 (617) 385-7500

 

 

 

Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

 

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Check box if the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plan.

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Check box if any securities being registered on this Form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”), other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan.

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Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction A.2 or a post-effective amendment thereto.

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Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction B or a post-effective amendment thereto that will become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act.

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Check box if this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction B to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act.

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):

 

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when declared effective pursuant to Section 8(c) of the Securities Act.

 

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

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This [post-effective] amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed [post-effective amendment] [registration statement].

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This Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: .

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This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: .

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This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: .

 

Check each box that appropriately characterizes the Registrant:

 

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Registered Closed-End Fund (closed-end company that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“Investment Company Act”)).

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Business Development Company (closed-end company that intends or has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act).

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Interval Fund (Registered Closed-End Fund or a Business Development Company that makes periodic repurchase offers under Rule 23c-3 under the Investment Company Act).

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A.2 Qualified (qualified to register securities pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of this Form).

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Well-Known Seasoned Issuer (as defined by Rule 405 under the Securities Act).

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Emerging Growth Company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”)).

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If an Emerging Growth Company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act.

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New Registrant (registered or regulated under the Investment Company Act for less than 12 calendar months preceding this filing).

 

 

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 19, 2023

Preliminary Prospectus

CRESCENT PRIVATE CREDIT INCOME CORP.

Class S, Class D and Class I Shares of Common Stock

Maximum Offering of $                

Crescent Private Credit Income Corp. is a Maryland corporation that seeks to invest primarily in directly originated assets, including debt securities and related equity investments, made to or issued by U.S. middle-market companies. The Fund’s primary focus is to invest in companies with annual earnings before income tax expense, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) of $35 million to $120 million; however, the Fund may invest in larger or smaller companies.

To a lesser extent, we may make investments in syndicated loans and other liquid credit opportunities, including in publicly traded debt instruments, for cash management purposes, while also presenting an opportunity for attractive investment returns. Our investment objectives are to generate current income and, to a lesser extent, long-term capital appreciation. Throughout the prospectus, we refer to Crescent Private Credit Income Corp. as the “Fund,” “we,” “us” or “our,” and Crescent Capital Group LP and its controlled affiliates as “Crescent.”

We are a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a business development company (“BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”). We are externally managed by our adviser, Crescent Cap NT Advisors, LLC (the “investment adviser”). Our investment adviser is an affiliate of Crescent. CCAP Administration LLC (the “administrator”) provides certain administrative services and other services necessary for us to operate. We intend to elect to be treated for federal income tax purposes, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

We are offering on a continuous basis up to $                of shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Shares”), including shares of our Class S common stock (the “Class S shares”), shares of our Class D common stock (the “Class D shares”) and shares of our Class I common stock (the “Class I shares”). We are offering to sell any combination of these three classes of Common Shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares, with a dollar value up to the maximum offering amount. The share classes have different ongoing stockholder servicing and/or distribution fees. We have submitted an application to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for an exemptive order to permit us to offer multiple classes of our Common Shares, and the SEC has published a notice in the Federal Register giving interested persons an opportunity to request a hearing on the application. If no hearing request is received by July 31, 2023, the SEC will issue the exemptive order. Until the exemptive order is granted, we will only offer Class I shares and will not issue Class S shares or Class D shares. There can be no assurance that we will receive the exemptive order. The purchase price per share for each class of Common Shares will equal our net asset value (“NAV”) per share, as of the effective date of the monthly share purchase date. This is a “best efforts” offering, which means that Emerson Equity LLC, the “intermediary manager” for this offering, will use its best efforts to sell shares, but is not obligated to purchase or sell any specific number of shares in this offering.

Investing in our Common Shares involves a high degree of risk. You should purchase these securities only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 31 of this prospectus. Also consider the following:

 

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We have a limited operating history and there is no assurance that we will achieve our investment objectives.

 

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We have not identified specific investments that we will make with the proceeds of this offering. As a result, this may be deemed a “blind pool” offering and you will not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments before we make them.

 

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We invest primarily in privately-held companies for which very little public information exists. Such companies are also generally more vulnerable to economic downturns and may experience substantial variations in operating results.

 

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The privately-held companies and below-investment-grade securities in which we will invest will be difficult to value and are illiquid.

 

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You should not expect to be able to sell your Common Shares regardless of how we perform.

 

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You should consider that you may not have access to the money you invest for an extended period of time.

 

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We do not intend to list our Common Shares on any securities exchange, and we do not expect a secondary market in our Common Shares to develop prior to any listing.

 

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Because you may be unable to sell your Common Shares, you will be unable to reduce your exposure in any market downturn.

 

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Beginning no later than the first full calendar quarter after we hold the first closing in the offering of Common Shares pursuant to this prospectus, and at the sole discretion of our board of directors (our “Board”), we intend to commence a share repurchase program in which we intend to repurchase up to 5% of our Common Shares outstanding (either by number of shares or aggregate NAV) in each quarter. In addition, to the extent we offer to repurchase shares in any particular quarter, any such repurchases will be at prices equal to the NAV per share as of the last calendar day of the applicable month designated by our Board, except that the Fund deducts 2.00% from such NAV for shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year. Such share repurchase prices may be lower than the price at which you purchase our Common Shares in this offering.

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An investment in our Common Shares is not suitable for you if you need access to the money you invest. See “Suitability Standards” and “Share Repurchase Program.”

 

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An investment in our Common Shares is suitable only for investors with the financial ability and willingness to accept the high risks and lack of liquidity inherent in an investment in our Common Shares.

 

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We cannot guarantee that we will make distributions, and if we do we may fund such distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of assets, borrowings, return of capital to stockholders or offering proceeds, and although we generally expect to fund distributions from cash flow from operations, we have not established limits on the amounts we may pay from such sources. A return of capital is a return of a portion of your capital investment in our Common Shares.

 

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Distributions may also be funded in significant part, directly or indirectly, from temporary waivers or expense reimbursements borne by our investment adviser or its affiliates, that may be subject to reimbursement to our investment adviser or its affiliates. The repayment of any amounts owed to our investment adviser or our affiliates will reduce future distributions to which you would otherwise be entitled.

 

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We expect to use leverage, which will magnify the potential for loss on amounts invested in us. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure—Our strategy involves a high degree of leverage. We intend to continue to finance our investments with borrowed money, which will magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and increase the risk of investing in us. The risks of investment in a highly leveraged fund include volatility and possible distribution restrictions.”

 

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We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Common Shares less attractive to investors.

 

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We invest in securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. Bonds that are rated below investment grade are sometimes referred to as “high yield bonds” or “junk bonds.” Below investment grade securities have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. They may also be illiquid and difficult to value. See “Prospectus Summary—Q: What type of investments do you make?”

Neither the SEC nor any state securities regulator has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. Securities regulators have also not passed upon whether this offering can be sold in compliance with existing or future suitability or conduct standards including the ‘Regulation Best Interest’ standard to any or all purchasers.

The use of forecasts in this offering is prohibited. Any oral or written predictions about the amount or certainty of any cash benefits or tax consequences that may result from an investment in our Common Shares is prohibited. No one is authorized to make any statements about this offering different from those that appear in this prospectus.

 

Price to the Public(1)

Sales Load(2)

Proceeds to Us, Before Expenses(3)

Maximum Offering(4)

$

Up to $

Class S Shares, per Share

$

None

$

Class D Shares, per Share

$

None

$

Class I Shares, per Share

$

None

$

 

(1)

Shares of each class of our Common Shares will be offered on a monthly basis at a price per share equal to the NAV per share for such class. As of             , our most recent available NAV, the NAV per share of our Class I shares was $            . No Class S shares or Class D shares were outstanding as of such date.

(2)

The Fund will not charge investors an upfront sales load with respect to Class S shares, Class D shares or Class I shares. However, if you buy Class S shares or Class D shares through certain selling agents, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amounts as they may determine, provided that selling agents limit such charges to a 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares and a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares. Selling agents will not charge brokerage commissions on Class I shares.

(3)

We and, ultimately, our common stockholders will also pay the following stockholder servicing and/or distribution fees to Emerson Equity LLC, the intermediary manager, subject to Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) limitations on underwriting compensation: (a) for Class S shares, a stockholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class S shares; and (b) for Class D shares, a stockholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class D shares, in each case, payable monthly. No stockholder servicing and/or distribution fee will be paid with respect to Class I shares. The total amount that will be paid over time for other underwriting compensation depends on the average length of time for which shares remain outstanding, the term over which such amount is measured and the performance of our investments. We and, ultimately, our common stockholders, will also pay or reimburse certain organization and offering expenses, including, subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation, certain wholesaling expenses. See “Plan of Distribution” and “Estimated Use of Proceeds.” FINRA defines “underwriting compensation” as any payment, right, interest, or benefit received or to be received by a participating member from any source for underwriting, allocation, distribution, advisory and other investment banking services in connection with a public offering. The total underwriting

compensation and total organization and offering expenses will not exceed 10% and 15%, respectively, of the gross proceeds from this offering. Proceeds are calculated before deducting stockholder servicing and/or distribution fees or organization and offering expenses payable by us, which are paid over time. Our investment adviser has agreed to advance all of our organization and offering expenses on our behalf pursuant to the Expense Support and Conditional Reimbursement Agreement. We and, ultimately, our common stockholders will also pay certain ongoing offering expenses associated with our continuous offering of Common Shares if such ongoing offering costs are (i) paid by us or (ii) advanced by our investment adviser and reimbursed by us subject to certain conditions contained in the Expense Support and Conditional Reimbursement Agreement. Reimbursement by us of expenses advanced by our investment adviser associated with either our initial or continuous offering of Common Shares will reduce our NAV at the time we make such reimbursement payment and may reduce future distributions to which you would otherwise be entitled.

(4)

The table assumes that all Common Shares are sold in the primary offering, with 1/3 of the gross offering proceeds from the sale of Class S shares, 1/3 from the sale of Class D shares, and 1/3 from the sale of Class I shares. The number of Common Shares of each class sold and the relative proportions in which the classes of Common Shares are sold are uncertain and may differ significantly from this assumption. The proceeds may differ from that shown if the then-current NAV at which Common Shares are sold varies from that shown and/or additional Common Shares are registered.

The date of this prospectus is                 , 2023

SUITABILITY STANDARDS

Common Shares offered through this prospectus are suitable only as a long-term investment for persons of adequate financial means such that they do not have a need for liquidity in this investment. We have established financial suitability standards for initial stockholders in this offering which require that a purchaser of shares have either:

 

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a gross annual income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000, or

 

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a net worth of at least $250,000.

For purposes of determining the suitability of an investor, net worth in all cases should be calculated excluding the value of an investor’s home, home furnishings and automobiles. In the case of sales to fiduciary accounts, these minimum standards must be met by the beneficiary, the fiduciary account or the donor or grantor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the shares if the donor or grantor is the fiduciary.

In addition, we will not sell shares to investors in the states named below unless they meet special suitability standards set forth below:

Alabama—In addition to the suitability standards set forth above, an investment in us will only be sold to Alabama residents that have a liquid net worth of at least 10 times their investment in us and our affiliates.

California—California residents may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us and must have either (a) a liquid net worth of $350,000 and annual gross income of $65,000 or (b) a liquid net worth of $500,000.

Idaho—Purchasers residing in Idaho must have either (a) a liquid net worth of $85,000 and annual gross income of $85,000 or (b) a liquid net worth of $300,000. Additionally, the total investment in us shall not exceed 10% of their liquid net worth.

Iowa—Iowa investors must (i) have either (a) an annual gross income of at least $100,000 and a net worth of at least $100,000, or (b) a net worth of at least $350,000 (net worth should be determined exclusive of home, auto and home furnishings); and (ii) limit their aggregate investment in this offering and in the securities of other non-traded BDCs to 10% of such investor’s liquid net worth (liquid net worth should be determined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities).

Kansas—It is recommended by the Office of the Securities Commissioner that Kansas investors limit their aggregate investment in our securities and other non-traded BDCs to not more than 10% of their liquid net worth. For these purposes, liquid net worth shall be defined as that portion of total net worth (total assets minus total liabilities) that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.

Kentucky—A Kentucky investor may not invest more than 10% of its liquid net worth in us or our affiliates. “Liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.

Maine—The Maine Office of Securities recommends that an investor’s aggregate investment in this offering and similar direct participation investments not exceed 10% of the investor’s liquid net worth. For this purpose, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.

Massachusetts—In addition to the suitability standards set forth above, Massachusetts residents may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us and in other illiquid direct participation programs.

 

i

Missouri—In addition to the suitability standards set forth above, Missouri residents may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us.

Nebraska—Nebraska investors must have (i) either (a) an annual gross income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000, or (b) a net worth of at least $250,000; and (ii) Nebraska investors must limit their aggregate investment in this offering and the securities of other business development companies to 10% of such investor’s net worth. Investors who are accredited investors as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) are not subject to the foregoing investment concentration limit.

New Jersey—New Jersey investors must have either (a) a minimum liquid net worth of at least $100,000 and a minimum annual gross income of not less than $85,000, or (b) a minimum liquid net worth of $350,000. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles, minus total liabilities) that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities. In addition, a New Jersey investor’s investment in us, our affiliates and other non-publicly-traded direct investment programs (including real estate investment trusts, business development companies, oil and gas programs, equipment leasing programs and commodity pools, but excluding unregistered, federally and state exempt private offerings) may not exceed 10% of his or her liquid net worth.

New Mexico—In addition to the general suitability standards listed above, a New Mexico investor may not invest, and we may not accept from an investor more than ten percent (10%) of that investor’s liquid net worth in shares of us, our affiliates and in other non-traded BDCs. Liquid net worth is defined as that portion of net worth which consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.

North Dakota—Purchasers residing in North Dakota must have a net worth of at least ten times their investment in us.

Ohio—It is unsuitable for Ohio residents to invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in the issuer, affiliates of the issuer and in any other non-traded BDCs. “Liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive of primary residence, home furnishings and automobiles, minus total liabilities) comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.

Oklahoma—Purchasers residing in Oklahoma may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us.

Oregon—In addition to the suitability standards set forth above, Oregon investors may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us and our affiliates. Liquid net worth is defined as net worth excluding the value of the investor’s home, home furnishings and automobile.

Puerto Rico—Purchasers residing in Puerto Rico may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us, our affiliates and other non-traded BDCs. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive of primary residence, home furnishings and automobiles minus total liabilities) consisting of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.

Tennessee—Purchasers residing in Tennessee must have a liquid net worth of at least ten times their investment in us.

Vermont—Accredited investors in Vermont, as defined in 17 C.F.R. §230.501, may invest freely in this offering. In addition to the suitability standards described above, non-accredited Vermont investors may not purchase an amount in this offering that exceeds 10% of the investor’s liquid net worth. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as an investor’s total assets (not including home, home furnishings or automobiles) minus total liabilities.

 

ii

Our investment adviser, those selling shares on our behalf and participating brokers and registered investment advisers recommending the purchase of shares in this offering are required to make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of shares in this offering is a suitable and appropriate investment for each investor based on information provided by the investor regarding the investor’s financial situation and investment objectives and must maintain records for at least six years after the information is used to determine that an investment in our Common Shares is suitable and appropriate for each investor. In making this determination, our investment adviser, the participating broker, registered investment adviser, authorized representative or other person selling shares will, based on a review of the information provided by the investor (including age, investment objectives, investment experience, income, net worth, financial situation and other investments), consider whether the investor:

 

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meets the minimum income and net worth standards established in the investor’s state;

 

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can reasonably benefit from an investment in our Common Shares based on the investor’s overall investment objectives and portfolio structure;

 

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is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the investor’s overall financial situation, including the risk that the investor may lose their entire investment; and

 

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has an apparent understanding of the following:

 

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the fundamental risks of the investment, including the risk that the investor may lose their entire investment;

 

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the lack of liquidity of our Common Shares;

 

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the restrictions on transferability of our Common Shares;

 

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the background and qualifications of our investment adviser; and

 

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the tax consequences of the investment.

In addition to investors who meet the minimum income and net worth requirements set forth above, our Common Shares may be sold to financial institutions that qualify as “institutional investors” under the state securities laws of the state in which they reside. “Institutional investor” is generally defined to include banks, insurance companies, investment companies as defined in the Investment Company Act, pension or profit sharing trusts and certain other financial institutions. A financial institution that desires to purchase shares will be required to confirm that it is an “institutional investor” under applicable state securities laws.

In addition to the suitability standards established herein, (i) a participating broker may impose additional suitability requirements and investment concentration limits to which an investor could be subject and (ii) various states may impose additional suitability standards, investment amount limits and alternative investment limitations.

Broker-dealers must comply with Regulation Best Interest, which, among other requirements, enhances the existing standard of conduct for broker-dealers and establishes a “best interest” obligation for broker-dealers and their associated persons when making recommendations of any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities to a retail customer. The obligations of Regulation Best Interest are in addition to, and may be more restrictive than, the suitability requirements listed above. When making such a recommendation to a retail customer, a broker-dealer must, among other things, act in the best interest of the retail customer at the time a recommendation is made, without placing its interests ahead of its retail customer’s interests. A broker-dealer may satisfy the best interest standard imposed by Regulation Best Interest by meeting disclosure, care, conflict of interest and compliance obligations. In addition, broker-dealers are required to provide retail investors a brief relationship summary, or Form CRS, that summarizes for the retail investor key information about the broker-dealer. Form CRS is different from this prospectus, which contains detailed information regarding this offering and the Fund. Investors should refer to the prospectus for detailed information about this offering before deciding to purchase Common Shares.

 

iii

Under Regulation Best Interest, high cost, high risk and complex products may require greater scrutiny by broker-dealers and their salespersons before they recommend such products. There are likely alternatives to us that are reasonably available to you, through your broker or otherwise, and those alternatives may be less costly or have lower investment risk. Among other alternatives, listed BDCs may be reasonable alternatives to an investment in our Common Shares, and may feature characteristics like lower cost, less complexity, and lesser or different risks. Investments in listed securities also often involve nominal or zero commissions at the time of initial purchase. Currently, there is no administrative or case law interpreting Regulation Best Interest and the full scope of its applicability on brokers participating in our offering cannot be determined at this time.

 

iv

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

Please carefully read the information in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplements, which we refer to collectively as the “prospectus.” You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. This prospectus may only be used where it is legal to sell these securities. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date later than the date hereof or such other dates as are stated herein or as of the respective dates of any documents or other information incorporated herein by reference.

We will disclose the NAV per share of each class of our Common Shares for each month when available on our website at www.                .com. Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider that information to be part of this prospectus.

The words “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Fund” refer to Crescent Private Credit Income Corp., together with its consolidated subsidiaries.

Unless otherwise noted, numerical information relating to Crescent is approximate as of March 31, 2023.

Citations included herein to industry sources are used only to demonstrate third-party support for certain statements made herein to which such citations relate. Information included in such industry sources that do not relate to supporting the related statements made herein are not part of this prospectus and should not be relied upon. The industry sources and reports are provided below:

 

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The National Center for the Middle Market (“NCMM”) is a collaboration between The Ohio State University Fisher College of Business, Chubb and Visa. NCMM is a source of research on the middle market economy, providing data analysis, insights, and perspectives for companies, policymakers, and other key stakeholders, to help accelerate growth, increase competitiveness and create jobs in the sector. www.middlemarketcenter.org

 

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Leveraged Commentary and Data (“LCD”), a part of Pitchbook, is a provider of real-time coverage of the US and European leveraged loan and high-yield bond markets, from deal inception through the trading life of the debt. With over 500 leveraged loan indexes in the US and Europe that track performance, index characteristics, and risk measures, LCD is the industry standard for leveraged loan data, news, analysis, and indexes–providing coverage across the full loan lifecycle. Additionally, LCD provides growing coverage of investment grade bond issuance, distressed debt, corporate bankruptcies, and middle market transactions. https://pitchbook.com/leveraged-commentary-data

 

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Preqin is a privately held London-based investment data company that provides financial data and insight on the alternative assets market, as well as tools to support investment in alternatives. By the company’s own definition, its data encompasses private capital and hedge funds, including fund, fund manager, investor, performance and deal information. The asset classes it covers are: private equity, venture capital, hedge funds, private debt, real estate, infrastructure, natural resources and secondaries. https://www.preqin.com/

 

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Refinitiv, a London Stock Exchange Group business, is one of the world’s largest providers of financial markets data and infrastructure, providing information, insights, and technology that enable customers to execute investing, trading and risk decisions. https://www.refinitiv.com

 

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S&P Capital IQ is the research division of S&P Global, one of the world’s largest providers of ratings, data, research, and the S&P Dow Jones Indices. S&P Capital IQ investigates financial news, market insights, company performance data, and sector-specific data. The firm provides subscribers with intelligence on more than 62,000 public companies and 4.4 million private firms. According to the company’s website, it covers financials for 88,000 publicly-listed companies or 99% of global market capitalization. https://www.capitaliq.com/

 

v

MULTI-CLASS EXEMPTIVE RELIEF

This prospectus relates to our Class S, Class D and Class I Common Shares. We are currently only offering Class I shares for sale. We have submitted to the SEC an application for an exemptive order to permit us to offer additional classes of Common Shares, and the SEC has published a notice in the Federal Register giving interested persons an opportunity to request a hearing on the application. If no hearing request is received by July 31, 2023, the SEC will issue the exemptive order. We will not take actions in reliance on the order until an exemptive order is granted. Accordingly, until such exemptive relief is granted, we will only offer Class I shares and will not offer or issue Class S shares or Class D shares. There can be no assurance we will obtain the exemptive order.

 

vi

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Some of the statements included in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, constitute forward-looking statements, which relate to future events or our future performance or financial condition. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about us, our current or prospective portfolio investments, our industry, our beliefs, and our assumptions. We believe that it is important to communicate our future expectations to our investors. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “would,” “will,” “should,” “targets,” “projects,” and variations of these words and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements include these words. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors, some of which are beyond our control and are difficult to predict, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements.

The following factors and factors listed under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, provide examples of risks, uncertainties and events that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking statements. The occurrence of the events described in these risk factors and elsewhere in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation and financial position. The following factors are among those that may cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements:

 

•

the impact of global health crises on our portfolio companies and the markets in which they operate, interest rates and the economy in general;

 

•

the ability of our investment adviser to locate suitable investments for us and to monitor and administer our investments;

 

•

regulations governing our operation as a business development company;

 

•

financing investments with borrowed money;

 

•

operation in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities;

 

•

the receipt of an SEC exemptive order allowing the offering of multiple classes of shares;

 

•

our ability to successfully complete and integrate any acquisitions;

 

•

risks associated with original issue discount (“OID”) and payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest income;

 

•

changes in interest rates may affect our cost of capital and net investment income;

 

•

the impact of changes in London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) on our operating results;

 

•

uncertainty as to the value of certain portfolio investments;

 

•

our ability to deploy any capital raised in this offering;

 

•

lack of liquidity in investments;

 

•

the impact of changes in laws or regulations (including the interpretation thereof), including tax laws, governing our operations or the operations of our portfolio companies;

 

•

the social, geopolitical, financial, trade and legal implications of Brexit;

 

•

the timing, form and amount of any dividend distributions;

 

vii

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risks regarding distributions;

 

•

potential resignation of our investment adviser and/or administrator;

 

•

potential adverse effects of price declines and illiquidity in the corporate debt markets;

 

•

potential impact of economic recessions or downturns;

 

•

defaults by portfolio companies;

 

•

the outcome and impact of any litigation;

 

•

uncertainty surrounding the financial stability of the United States, Europe and China;

 

•

adverse developments in the credit markets; and

 

•

potential fluctuation in quarterly operating results.

Although we believe that the assumptions on which these forward-looking statements are based upon are reasonable, some of those assumptions may be based on the work of third parties and any of those assumptions could prove to be inaccurate; as a result, forward-looking statements based on those assumptions also could prove to be inaccurate. In light of these and other uncertainties, the inclusion of a projection or forward-looking statement in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement should not be regarded as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be achieved. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this prospectus or any prospectus supplement or other information incorporated herein by reference, as applicable. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements or any other information contained herein, except as required by applicable law. You are advised to consult any additional disclosures that we may make directly to you or through reports that we in the future may file with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K. These forward-looking statements do not meet the safe harbor for forward-looking statements pursuant to Section 27A of the Securities Act or Section 21E of the Exchange Act.

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

		Page
SUITABILITY STANDARDS			i
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS			v
MULTI-CLASS EXEMPTIVE RELIEF			vi
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS			vii
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY			1
FEES AND EXPENSES			27
RISK FACTORS			31
ESTIMATED USE OF PROCEEDS			76
PLAN OF OPERATION			79
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND STRATEGIES			90
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND			108
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT			116
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION AGREEMENT			120
POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST			131
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS			134
DISTRIBUTIONS			136
DESCRIPTION OF OUR SHARES			138
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE			152
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION			155
HOW TO SUBSCRIBE			161
SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM			164
DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN			166
PERPETUAL-LIFE BDC			168
REGULATION			169
CERTAIN MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS			175
RESTRICTIONS ON SHARE OWNERSHIP			186
CUSTODIAN, TRANSFER AND DISTRIBUTION PAYING AGENT AND REGISTRAR			188
BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES			189
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM			190
LEGAL MATTERS			191
AVAILABLE INFORMATION			192
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT			F-1

 

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FEES AND EXPENSES

The following table is intended to assist you in understanding the costs and expenses that an investor in Common Shares will bear, directly or indirectly. Other expenses are estimated and may vary. Actual expenses may be greater or less than shown.

 

		Class S Shares				Class D Shares				Class I Shares
Stockholder transaction expenses (fees paid directly from your investment)
Maximum sales load(1)			—	%			—	%			—	%
Maximum Early Repurchase Deduction(2)			2.00	%			2.00	%			2.00	%
Annual expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to our Common Shares)(3)
Base management fees(4)			1.25	%			1.25	%			1.25	%
Incentive fees(5)			—	%			—	%			—	%
Stockholder servicing and/or distribution fees(6)			0.85	%			0.25	%			—	%
Interest payment on borrowed funds(7)			4.00	%			4.00	%			4.00	%
Other expenses(8)			0.95	%			0.95	%			0.95	%
Total annual expenses			7.05	%			6.45	%			6.20	%

 

(1)

No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class S shares, Class D shares or Class I shares. However, if you buy Class S shares or Class D shares through certain selling agents, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that selling agents limit such charges to a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares and 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares. Selling agents will not charge such fees on Class I shares. Please consult your selling agent for additional information.

(2)

Under our share repurchase program, to the extent we offer to repurchase shares in any particular quarter, we expect to repurchase shares pursuant to tender offers using a purchase price equal to the NAV per share as of the last calendar day of the applicable month designated by our Board, except that the Fund deducts 2.00% from such NAV for shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year, also referred to as the Early Repurchase Deduction. Such share repurchase prices may be lower than the price at which you purchase our Common Shares in this offering. The one-year holding period is measured as of the subscription closing date immediately following the prospective repurchase date. The Early Repurchase Deduction may be waived in the case of repurchase requests arising from the death, divorce or qualified disability of the holder. The Early Repurchase Deduction will be retained by the Fund for the benefit of remaining common stockholders.

(3)

Weighted average net assets employed as the denominator for expense ratio computation is $337.5 million. This estimate is based on the assumption that we sell $450 million of our Common Shares in the initial 12-month period of the offering (including amounts raised from the Sun Life Investment). Actual net assets will depend on the number of shares we actually sell, realized gains/losses, unrealized appreciation/ depreciation and share repurchase activity, if any.

(4)	The base management fee paid to our investment adviser is calculated at an annual rate of 1.25% of the value of our net assets as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the applicable month.

(5)	We may have capital gains and investment income that could result in the payment of an incentive fee in the first year of investment operations. The incentive fees, if any, are divided into two parts:

 

•

The first part of the incentive fee is based on income, whereby we pay our investment adviser quarterly in arrears 12.5% of our pre-incentive fee net investment income (as defined below) for each calendar quarter subject to a 5.0% annualized hurdle rate, with a catch-up.

 

•

The second part of the incentive fee is based on realized capital gains, whereby we pay our investment adviser at the end of each calendar year in arrears 12.5% of cumulative realized capital gains from

 

27

inception through the end of such calendar year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gains incentive fees, as calculated in accordance with GAAP.

The incentive fee is not based on a particular share class and will be allocated to each class of Common Shares based upon the relative proportion of net assets represented by such class.

As we cannot predict whether we will meet the necessary performance targets, we have assumed no incentive fee for this chart. Once fully invested, we expect the incentive fees we pay to increase to the extent we earn greater income or generate capital gains through our investments in portfolio companies. If we achieved an annualized total return of 5.0% for each quarter made up entirely of net investment income, no incentive fees would be payable to our investment adviser because the hurdle rate was not exceeded. If instead we achieved a total return of 5.0% in a calendar year made up of entirely realized capital gains net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation, an incentive fee equal to 0.625% of our net assets would be payable. See “Investment Advisory and Management Agreement and Administration Agreement” for more information concerning the incentive fees.

 

(6)

Subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation, we and, ultimately, our common stockholders will pay the following stockholder servicing and/or distribution fees to the intermediary manager: (a) for Class S shares, a stockholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class S shares and (b) for Class D shares, a stockholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class D shares, in each case, payable monthly. Stockholders will not pay transaction related charges when purchasing Common Shares under our distribution reinvestment plan, but all outstanding Class S shares and Class D shares, including those issued under our distribution reinvestment plan, will be subject to ongoing servicing fees. The intermediary manager anticipates that all or a portion of the stockholder servicing and/or distribution fees will be retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating broker dealers. The total amount that will be paid over time for other underwriting compensation depends on the average length of time for which shares remain outstanding, the term over which such amount is measured and the performance of our investments. We will cease paying the stockholder servicing and/or distribution fee on the Class S shares and Class D shares on the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of Class I shares, (ii) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets or (iii) the date following the completion of the primary portion of this offering on which, in the aggregate underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with this offering, including the stockholder servicing and/or distribution fee and other underwriting compensation, is equal to 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering. The total underwriting compensation and total organization and offering expenses will not exceed 10% and 15%, respectively, of the gross proceeds from this offering. See “Plan of Distribution” and “Estimated Use of Proceeds.”

(7)

We may borrow funds to make investments, including before we have fully invested the proceeds of this continuous offering. To the extent that we determine it is appropriate to borrow funds to make investments, the costs associated with such borrowing will be indirectly borne by common stockholders. The figure in the table assumes that we borrow for investment purposes an amount equal to 50% of our weighted average net assets in the initial 12-month period of the offering after the initial closing for the offering of Common Shares pursuant to this prospectus, and that the average annual cost of borrowings, including the amortization of cost associated with obtaining borrowings and unused commitment fees, on the amount borrowed is 8.0%. Our ability to incur leverage during the 12 months following the commencement of this offering depends, in large part, on the amount of money we are able to raise through the sale of shares registered in this offering and the availability of financing in the market. See “Prospectus Summary—Recent Developments.”

(8)	“Other expenses” includes our overhead expenses, including payments under our Administration Agreement based on our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by CCAP Administration LLC in

 

28

performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, and income taxes. The amount presented in the table estimates the amounts we expect to pay during the initial 12-month period of the offering following the date of this offering. See “Prospectus Summary—Recent Developments.”

We have entered into an Expense Support and Conditional Reimbursement Agreement with our investment adviser. Our investment adviser may elect to pay certain of our expenses, including, but not limited to, organization and offering expenses, administration expenses, management fees and incentive fees, on our behalf (each such payment, an “Expense Payment”), provided that no portion of an Expense Payment will be used to pay any interest expense or stockholder servicing and/or distribution fees of the Fund. Any Expense Payment that our investment adviser has committed to pay must be paid by our investment adviser to us or on behalf of us in any combination of cash or other immediately available funds no later than forty-five days after such election was made in writing by our investment adviser, and/or offset against amounts due from us to our investment adviser or its affiliates. If our investment adviser elects to pay certain of our expenses, our investment adviser will be entitled to reimbursement of such expenses from us if Available Operating Funds (as defined below) exceed the cumulative distributions accrued to the Fund’s stockholders. Such reimbursements are conditioned on (i) an expense ratio (excluding any management or incentive fee) that, after giving effect to the recoupment, is lower than the expense ratio (excluding any management or incentive fee) at the time of the fee waiver or expense reimbursement and (ii) a distribution level (exclusive of return of capital, if any), equal to, or greater than, the rate at the time of the waiver or reimbursement. See “Plan of Operation—Expenses—Expense Support and Conditional Reimbursement Agreement” for additional information regarding the Expense Support Agreement. Because our investment adviser’s obligation to pay certain of our expenses is voluntary, the table above does not reflect the impact of any expense support from our investment adviser.

Example: We have provided an example of the projected dollar amount of total expenses that would be incurred over various periods with respect to a hypothetical $1,000 investment in each class of our Common Shares. In calculating the following expense amounts, we have assumed that:

 

(1)

our annual operating expenses and offering expenses remain at the levels set forth in the table above, except to reduce annual expenses upon completion of organization and offering expenses;

 

(2)

the annual return before fees and expenses is 5.0%;

 

(3)

the net return after payment of fees and expenses is distributed to common stockholders and reinvested at NAV; and

 

(4)

your financial intermediary does not directly charge you transaction or other fees.

 

Class

S shares

 

Return Assumption		1 Year				3 Years				5 Years				10 Years
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return from net investment income(1):		$	74			$	217			$	353			$	665
Total expenses assuming a 5.0% annual return solely from net realized capital gains(2):		$	80			$	233			$	378			$	701

 

29

Class

D shares

 

Return Assumption		1 Year				3 Years				5 Years				10 Years
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return from net investment income(1):		$	68			$	199			$	327			$	625
Total expenses assuming a 5.0% annual return solely from net realized capital gains(2):		$	74			$	217			$	352			$	665

 

Class

I shares

 

Return Assumption		1 Year				3 Years				5 Years				10 Years
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return from net investment income(1):		$	65			$	192			$	316			$	608
Total expenses assuming a 5.0% annual return solely from net realized capital gains(2):		$	71			$	209			$	342			$	648

 

(1)	Assumes that we will not realize any capital gains computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation.

(2)

Assumes no unrealized capital depreciation and a 5% annual return resulting entirely from net realized capital gains and therefore subject to the incentive fee based on capital gains. Because our investment strategy involves investments that generate primarily current income, we believe that a 5% annual return resulting entirely from net realized capital gains is unlikely.

The foregoing table is to assist you in understanding the various costs and expenses that an investor in our Common Shares will bear directly or indirectly. While the examples assume, as required by the SEC, a 5% annual return, our performance will vary and may result in a return greater or less than 5%. If we were to achieve sufficient returns on our investments, including through the realization of capital gains, to trigger incentive fees of a material amount, our expenses, and returns to our investors, would be higher. In addition, while the example assumes reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value, if our Board authorizes and we declare a cash dividend, participants in our distribution reinvestment plan who have elected to receive shares will receive a number of Common Shares determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the dividend payable to a participant by the NAV per share on the valuation date for the dividend. See “Distribution Reinvestment Plan” below for additional information regarding our distribution reinvestment plan.

This example and the expenses in the table above should not be considered a representation of the actual expenses (including the cost of debt, if any, and other expenses) that we may incur in the future and such actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown.

 

30

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our Common Shares involves a number of significant risks. The following information is a discussion of all known material risk factors associated with an investment in our Common Shares specifically, as well as those factors generally associated with an investment in a company with investment objectives, investment policies, capital structure or traders markets similar to ours. In addition to the other information contained in this prospectus, you should carefully consider the following information before making an investment in our Common Shares. The risks below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or not presently deemed material by us may also impair our operations and performance. If any of the following events occur our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In such cases, the NAV of our Common Shares could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure

We have a limited operating history.

We are a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a BDC under the Investment Company Act with a limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or history on which to base their investment decision. We are subject to the business risks and uncertainties associated with recently formed businesses, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objectives and the value of a stockholder’s investment could decline substantially or become worthless. Further, our investment adviser has not previously offered a non-traded business development company. While we believe that the past professional experiences of our investment adviser’s investment team, including investment and financial experience of our investment adviser’s senior management, will increase the likelihood that our investment adviser will be able to manage us successfully, there can be no assurance that this will be the case.

Our Board may change our investment objectives, operating policies and strategies without prior notice or stockholder approval.

Our Board has the authority, except as otherwise provided in the Investment Company Act or state law, as described below, to modify or waive certain of our investment objectives, operating policies and strategies without prior notice and without stockholder approval. Pursuant to Rule 35d-1 under the Investment Company Act, we may not change our investment strategy with respect to 80% of our total assets without prior notice to stockholders. If we, in the future, operate as a diversified management investment company for a period of three or more years, we will not resume operation as a non-diversified management investment company without prior stockholder approval. Additionally, absent stockholder approval, we may not change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or withdraw our election as, a BDC. Under Maryland law, we also cannot be dissolved without prior stockholder approval. We cannot predict the effect any changes to our operating policies and strategies would have on our business, operating results and the market price of our Common Shares. Nevertheless, any such changes could adversely affect our business and impair our ability to make distributions to our common stockholders.

Global capital markets could enter a period of severe disruption and instability. These conditions have historically affected and could again materially and adversely affect debt and equity capital markets in the United States and around the world and our business.

From time to time, the global capital markets may experience periods of disruption and instability resulting in increasing spreads between the yields realized on riskier debt securities and those realized on risk-free securities and a lack of liquidity in parts of the debt capital markets, significant write-offs in the financial services sector relating to subprime mortgages and the re-pricing of credit risk in the broadly syndicated market. Deteriorating market conditions could result in increasing volatility and illiquidity in the global credit, debt and equity markets generally. The duration and ultimate effect of such market conditions cannot be forecasted. Deteriorating market conditions and uncertainty regarding economic markets generally could result in declines in the market values of potential investments or declines in the market values of investments after they are made or acquired by us and affect the potential for liquidity events involving such investments or portfolio companies.

 

31

Such declines may be exacerbated by other events, such as the failure of significant financial institutions or hedge funds, dislocations in other investment markets or other extrinsic events. Applicable accounting standards require us to determine the fair value of our investments as the amount that would be received in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. While most of our investments are not publicly traded, as part of the valuation process, we consider a number of measures, including comparison to publicly traded securities. As a result, volatility in the public capital markets can adversely affect our investment valuations.

During any such periods of market disruption and instability, we and other companies in the financial services sector may have limited access, if any, to alternative markets for debt and equity capital. Equity capital may be difficult to raise because, subject to some limited exceptions that will apply to us as a BDC, we will generally not be able to issue additional Common Shares at a price less than NAV without first obtaining approval for such issuance from our common stockholders and independent directors. In addition, our ability to incur indebtedness (including by issuing preferred stock) is limited by applicable regulations such that our asset coverage, as defined in the Investment Company Act, as amended, must equal at least 150% immediately after each time we incur indebtedness. The debt capital that will be available, if any, may be at a higher cost and on less favorable terms and conditions in the future. Any inability to raise capital could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A prolonged period of market illiquidity may cause us to reduce the volume of loans and debt securities we originate and/or fund and adversely affect the value of our portfolio investments, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Global economic, political and market conditions caused by the current public health crisis have (and in the future, could further) adversely affected our business, results of operations and financial condition and those of our portfolio companies.

A novel strain of coronavirus initially appeared in China in late 2019 and rapidly spread to other countries, including the United States. In an attempt to slow the spread of the coronavirus, governments around the world, including the United States, placed restrictions on travel, issued “stay at home” orders and ordered the temporary closure of certain businesses, such as factories and retail stores. Such restrictions and closures impacted supply chains, consumer demand and/or the operations of many businesses. As jurisdictions around the United States and the world continue to experience surges in cases of COVID-19 and governments consider pausing the lifting of or re-imposing restrictions, there is considerable uncertainty surrounding the full economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic and the long-term effects on the U.S. and global financial markets.

Any disruptions in the capital markets, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise, may increase the spread between the yields realized on risk-free and higher risk securities and can result in illiquidity in parts of the capital markets, significant write-offs in the financial sector and re-pricing of credit risk in the broadly syndicated market. These and any other unfavorable economic conditions could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. In addition, our success depends in substantial part on the management, skill and acumen of our investment adviser, whose operations may be adversely impacted, including through quarantine measures and travel restrictions imposed on its investment professionals or service providers, or any related health issues of such investment professionals or service providers.

In addition, the restrictions and closures and related market conditions, if re-imposed in the future, could result in certain of our portfolio companies halting or significantly curtailing operations and negative impacts to the supply chains of certain of our portfolio companies. The financial results of middle-market companies, like those in which we invest, may experience deterioration, which could ultimately lead to difficulty in meeting debt service requirements and an increase in defaults, and further deterioration will further depress the outlook for those companies. Further, adverse economic conditions decreased and may in the future decrease the value of

 

32

collateral securing some of our loans and the value of our equity investments. Such conditions have required and may in the future require us to modify the payment terms of our investments, including changes in PIK interest provisions and/or cash interest rates. The performance of certain of our portfolio companies has been, and in the future may be, negatively impacted by these economic or other conditions, which can result in our receipt of reduced interest income from our portfolio companies and/or realized and unrealized losses related to our investments, and, in turn, may adversely affect distributable income and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, as governments ease COVID-19 related restrictions, certain of our portfolio companies may experience increased health and safety expenses, payroll costs and other operating expenses.

As the potential long-term impact of the coronavirus pandemic remains difficult to predict, the extent to which the pandemic could negatively affect our and our portfolio companies’ operating results or the duration or reoccurrence of any potential business or supply-chain disruption is uncertain. Any potential impact to our results of operations will depend to a large extent on future developments regarding the duration and severity of the pandemic and the actions taken by governments (including stimulus measures or the lack thereof) and their citizens to contain the coronavirus or treat its impact, all of which are beyond our control.

A failure on our part to maintain our status as a BDC may significantly reduce our operating flexibility.

If we fail to maintain our status as a BDC, we might be regulated as a closed-end investment company that is required to register under the Investment Company Act, which would subject us to additional regulatory restrictions and significantly decrease our operating flexibility. In addition, any such failure could cause an event of default under our outstanding indebtedness, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We are a non-diversified investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act; therefore we are not limited with respect to the proportion of our assets that may be invested in securities of a single issuer.

We are classified as a non-diversified investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act, which means that we are not limited by the Investment Company Act with respect to the proportion of our assets that we may invest in securities of a single issuer. To the extent that we assume large positions in the securities of a small number of issuers, our NAV may fluctuate to a greater extent than that of a diversified investment company as a result of changes in the financial condition or the market’s assessment of the issuer and the aggregate returns we realize may be significantly adversely affected if a small number of investments perform poorly or if we need to write down the value of any one investment. Additionally, while we are not targeting any specific industries, our investments may be concentrated in relatively few industries. As a result, a downturn in any particular industry in which we are invested could also significantly impact the aggregate returns we realize. We may also be more susceptible to any single economic or regulatory occurrence than a diversified investment company. Beyond the asset diversification requirements applicable to RICs, we do not have fixed guidelines for diversification, and our investments could be concentrated in relatively few portfolio companies.

We are dependent upon key personnel of Crescent and our investment adviser.

We do not have any internal management capacity or employees. Our ability to achieve our investment objectives will depend on our ability to manage our business and to grow our investments and earnings. This will depend, in turn, on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of Crescent’s senior professionals. We expect that these senior professionals will evaluate, negotiate, structure, close and monitor our investments in accordance with the terms of our Investment Advisory and Management Agreement. We can offer no assurance, however, that Crescent’s senior professionals will continue to provide investment advice to us. If these individuals do not maintain their employment or other relationships with Crescent and do not develop new relationships with other sources of investment opportunities available to us, we may not be able to grow our

 

33

investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom Crescent’s investment professionals have relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment opportunities. Therefore, we can offer no assurance that such relationships will generate investment opportunities for us. The departure or misconduct of any of these individuals, or of a significant number of the investment professionals of Crescent, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our investment adviser is an affiliate of Crescent and will depend upon access to the investment professionals and Crescent’s other resources to fulfill its obligations to us under the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement. Our investment adviser will also depend upon such investment professionals to obtain access to deal flow generated by Crescent. In addition, we cannot assure you that an affiliate of Crescent will remain our investment adviser or that we will continue to have access to Crescent’s investment professionals or its information and deal flow.

Crescent’s and our investment adviser’s investment professionals, which are currently composed of the same personnel, have substantial responsibilities in connection with the management of other Crescent clients. Crescent’s personnel may be called upon to provide managerial assistance to our portfolio companies. These demands on their time, which may increase as the number of investments grow, may distract them or slow our rate of investment.

Our investment adviser’s investment committee, which provides oversight over our investment activities, is provided to us by our investment adviser under the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement. The loss of any member of our investment adviser’s investment committee or of Crescent’s other senior professionals would limit our ability to achieve our investment objectives and operate as we anticipate. This could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Further, we depend upon Crescent to maintain its relationships with private equity sponsors, placement agents, investment banks, management groups and other financial institutions, and we expect to rely to a significant extent upon these relationships to provide us with potential investment opportunities. If Crescent fails to maintain such relationships, or to develop new relationships with other sources of investment opportunities, we will not be able to grow our investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom Crescent’s senior professionals have relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment opportunities, and we can offer no assurance that these relationships will generate investment opportunities in the future. There can be no assurance that Crescent will replicate its historical ability to generate investment opportunities (See “Prospectus Summary—What competitive strengths does the investment adviser offer?”), and we caution you that our investment returns could be substantially lower than the returns achieved by other Crescent-managed funds.

We may not replicate the historical performance achieved by Crescent.

Our primary focus in making investments may differ from those of existing investment funds, accounts or other investment vehicles that are or have been managed by members of our investment adviser’s investment committee or by Crescent. Past performance should not be relied upon as an indication of future results. There can be no guarantee that we will replicate the historical performance of Crescent or the historical performance of investment funds, accounts or other investment vehicles that are or have been managed by members of our investment adviser’s investment committee or by Crescent or its employees, and we caution investors that our investment returns could be substantially lower than the returns achieved by them in prior periods. We cannot assure you that we will be profitable in the future or that our investment adviser will be able to continue to implement our investment objectives with the same degree of success that it has had in the past. Additionally, all or a portion of the prior results may have been achieved in particular market conditions which may never be repeated. Moreover, current or future market volatility and regulatory uncertainty may have an adverse impact on our future performance.

 

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We depend on Crescent to manage our business effectively.

Our ability to achieve our investment objectives will depend on our ability to manage our business and to grow our investments and earnings. This will depend, in turn, on Crescent’s ability to identify, invest in and monitor portfolio companies that meet our investment criteria. The achievement of our investment objectives on a cost-effective basis will depend upon Crescent’s execution of our investment process, its ability to provide competent, attentive and efficient services to us and, to a lesser extent, our access to financing on acceptable terms. Crescent’s investment professionals will have substantial responsibilities in connection with the management of other investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles. Crescent’s personnel may be called upon to provide managerial assistance to our portfolio companies. These activities may distract them from servicing new investment opportunities for us or slow our rate of investment. Any failure to manage our business and our future growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our ability to grow depends on our ability to raise capital.

We will need to periodically access the capital markets to raise cash to fund new investments in excess of our repayments, and we may also need to access the capital markets to refinance any future debt obligations to the extent such maturing obligations are not repaid with availability under our revolving credit facilities or cash flows from operations. We intend to be treated as a RIC and operate in a manner so as to qualify for the U.S. federal income tax treatment applicable to RICs. Among other things, in order to maintain our RIC status, we must distribute to our common stockholders on a timely basis generally an amount equal to at least 90% of our investment company taxable income, and, as a result, such distributions will not be available to fund investment originations or repay maturing debt. We must borrow from financial institutions and issue additional securities to fund our growth. Unfavorable economic or capital market conditions may increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or could result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. An inability to successfully access the capital markets may limit our ability to refinance our debt obligations as they come due and/or to fully execute our business strategy and could limit our ability to grow or cause us to have to shrink the size of our business, which could decrease our earnings, if any.

In addition, we may borrow amounts or issue debt securities or preferred stock, which we refer to collectively as “senior securities,” such that our asset coverage, as calculated pursuant to the Investment Company Act, equals at least 150% immediately after such borrowing (i.e., we are able to borrow up to two dollars for every dollar we have in assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities issued by us). Such requirement, in certain circumstances, may restrict our ability to borrow or issue debt securities or preferred stock. The amount of leverage that we employ will depend on our investment adviser’s and our Board’s assessments of market and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing or issuance of senior securities. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain lines of credit or issue senior securities at all or on terms acceptable to us.

Regulations governing our operation as a BDC affect our ability to, and the way in which we may, raise additional capital.

We may issue debt securities or preferred stock and/or borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, which we refer to collectively as “senior securities,” up to the maximum amount permitted by the Investment Company Act. Under the provisions of the Investment Company Act, we are permitted as a BDC to issue senior securities in amounts such that our asset coverage ratio, as defined in the Investment Company Act, as amended, equals at least 150% of our gross assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities, after each issuance of senior securities. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this test. If that happens, we may be required to sell a portion of our investments at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous to us in order to repay a portion of its indebtedness. If we issue senior securities, we will be exposed to typical risks associated with leverage, including an increased risk of loss.

 

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Furthermore, equity capital may be difficult to raise because, subject to some limited exceptions, we are not generally able to issue and sell our Common Shares at a price below NAV per share. We may, however, sell our Common Shares, or warrants, options or rights to acquire our Common Shares, at a price below the then-current NAV per share of our Common Share if our Board determines that such sale is in our best interests, and if our common stockholders, including holders of a majority of our Common Shares that are not affiliated with us, approve such sale. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price that, in the determination of our Board, closely approximates the market value of such securities (less any distributing commission or discount). We do not currently have authorization from our common stockholders to issue our Common Shares at a price below the then-current NAV per share.

If we do not invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets, we could fail to qualify as a BDC or be precluded from investing according to our current business strategy.

To maintain our status as a BDC, we are not permitted to acquire any assets other than “qualifying assets” specified in the Investment Company Act unless, at the time the acquisition is made, at least 70% of our total assets are qualifying assets (with certain limited exceptions). Subject to certain exceptions for follow-on investments and investments in distressed companies, an investment in an issuer that has outstanding securities listed on a national securities exchange may be treated as qualifying assets only if such issuer has a common equity market capitalization that is less than $250 million at the time of such investment.

We may be precluded from investing in what we believe are attractive investments if such investments are not qualifying assets for purposes of the Investment Company Act. If we do not invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets, we could violate the Investment Company Act provisions applicable to BDCs. As a result of such violation, specific rules under the Investment Company Act could prevent us, for example, from making follow-on investments in existing portfolio companies (which could result in the dilution of our position) or could require us to dispose of investments at inappropriate times in order to come into compliance with the Investment Company Act. If we need to dispose of such investments quickly, it could be difficult to dispose of such investments on favorable terms. We may not be able to find a buyer for such investments and, even if we do find a buyer, we may have to sell the investments at a substantial loss. Any such outcomes would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our failure to make follow-on investments in our portfolio companies could impair the value of our portfolio.

Following an initial investment in a portfolio company, we may make additional investments in that portfolio company as “follow-on” investments, in seeking to:

 

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increase or maintain in whole or in part our position as a creditor or equity ownership percentage in a portfolio company;

 

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exercise warrants, options or convertible securities that were acquired in the original or subsequent financing; or

 

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preserve or enhance the value of our investment.

We have discretion to make follow-on investments, subject to the availability of capital resources. Failure on our part to make follow-on investments may, in some circumstances, jeopardize the continued viability of a portfolio company and our initial investment, or may result in a missed opportunity for us to increase our participation in a successful operation.

Even if we have sufficient capital to make a desired follow-on investment, we may elect not to make a follow-on investment because we may not want to increase its level of risk, because we prefer other opportunities or because we are inhibited by compliance with BDC requirements of the Investment Company Act or the desire to maintain our qualification as a RIC.

 

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Additionally, certain loans that we may make to portfolio companies may be secured on a second priority basis by the same collateral securing senior secured debt of such companies. The first priority liens on the collateral will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under any outstanding senior debt and may secure certain other future debt that may be permitted to be incurred by the portfolio company under the agreements governing the loans. The holders of obligations secured by first priority liens on the collateral will generally control the liquidation of, and be entitled to receive proceeds from, any realization of the collateral to repay their obligations in full before us. In addition, the value of the collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from sales of all of the collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the loan obligations secured by the second priority liens after payment in full of all obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral. If such proceeds were not sufficient to repay amounts outstanding under the loan obligations secured by the second priority liens, then we, to the extent not repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the collateral, will only have an unsecured claim against the portfolio company’s remaining assets, if any.

We may also make unsecured loans to portfolio companies, meaning that such loans will not benefit from any interest in collateral of such companies. Liens on such portfolio companies’ collateral, if any, will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under its outstanding secured debt and may secure certain future debt that is permitted to be incurred by the portfolio company under its secured loan agreements. The holders of obligations secured by such liens will generally control the liquidation of, and be entitled to receive proceeds from, any realization of such collateral to repay their obligations in full before us. In addition, the value of such collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from sales of such collateral would be sufficient to satisfy our unsecured loan obligations after payment in full of all secured loan obligations. If such proceeds were not sufficient to repay the outstanding secured loan obligations, then our unsecured claims would rank equally with the unpaid portion of such secured creditors’ claims against the portfolio company’s remaining assets, if any. Additionally, we invest in unitranche loans (loans that combine both senior and subordinated debt, generally in a first lien position), which may provide for a waterfall of cash flow priority between different lenders in the unitranche loan. In certain instances, we may find another lender to provide the “first out” portion of such loan and retain the “last out” portion of such loan, in which case the “first out” portion of the loan would generally receive priority with respect to repayment of principal, interest and any other amounts due thereunder over the “last out” portion of the loan that we would continue to hold.

The rights we may have with respect to the collateral securing the loans we make to our portfolio companies with senior debt outstanding may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements that we enter into with the holders of such senior debt. Under a typical intercreditor agreement, at any time that obligations that have the benefit of the first priority liens are outstanding, any of the following actions that may be taken in respect of the collateral will be at the direction of the holders of the obligations secured by the first priority liens:

 

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the ability to cause the commencement of enforcement proceedings against the collateral;

 

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the ability to control the conduct of such proceedings;

 

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the approval of amendments to collateral documents;

 

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releases of liens on the collateral; and

 

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waivers of past defaults under collateral documents.

We may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if its rights are adversely affected.

 

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Our strategy involves a high degree of leverage. We intend to continue to finance our investments with borrowed money, which will magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and increase the risk of investing in us. The risks of investment in a highly leveraged fund include volatility and possible distribution restrictions.

The use of leverage magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested. The use of leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique and increases the risks associated with investing in our securities. However, we have borrowed from, and may in the future issue debt securities to, banks, insurance companies and other lenders. Lenders of these funds have fixed dollar claims on our assets that are superior to the claims of the holders of our Common Shares, and we would expect such lenders to seek recovery against our assets in the event of a default. We may pledge up to 100% of our assets and may grant a security interest in all of our assets under the terms of any debt instruments we may enter into with lenders. In addition, under the terms of our credit facilities and any borrowing facility or other debt instrument we may enter into, we are likely to be required to use the net proceeds of any investments that we sell to repay a portion of the amount borrowed under such facility or instrument before applying such net proceeds to any other uses. If the value of our assets decreases, leveraging would cause net asset value to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have had we not leveraged, thereby magnifying losses or eliminating our stake in a leveraged investment. Similarly, any decrease in our revenue or income will cause our net income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not borrowed. Such a decline would also negatively affect our ability to make dividend payments on our Common Shares or preferred stock. Our ability to service any debt will depend largely on our financial performance and will be subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures. In addition, holders of our Common Shares will bear the burden of any increase in our expenses as a result of our use of leverage, including interest expenses and any increase in the base management fee payable to our investment adviser.

There can be no assurance that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available to us under our credit facilities or otherwise in an amount sufficient to enable us to repay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs. We may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before it matures. There can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we cannot service our indebtedness, we may have to take actions such as selling assets or seeking additional equity. There can be no assurance that any such actions, if necessary, could be effected on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or on terms that would not be disadvantageous to stockholders or on terms that would not require us to breach the terms and conditions of our future debt agreements.

As a BDC, we are generally required to meet a coverage ratio of total assets to total borrowings and other senior securities, which include all of our borrowings and any preferred stock that we may issue in the future, of at least 150%. If this ratio declines below 150%, we will not be able to incur additional debt and could be required to sell a portion of our investments to repay some debt when it is otherwise disadvantageous for us to do so. This could have a material adverse effect on our operations, and we may not be able to make distributions. The amount of leverage that we employ will depend on our investment adviser’s assessment of market and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing. We cannot assure stockholders that we will be able to obtain credit at all or on terms acceptable to it.

Our business could be adversely affected in the event we default under our future credit or other borrowing facility.

We may enter into one or more credit facilities. The closing of any credit facilities is contingent on a number of conditions including, without limitation, the negotiation and execution of definitive documents relating to such credit facility. If we obtain any additional credit facilities, we intend to use borrowings under such credit facilities to make additional investments and for other general corporate purposes. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to close such additional credit facilities or obtain other financing.

 

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In the event we default under one of our credit facilities or any other future borrowing facility, our business could be adversely affected as we may be forced to sell a portion of our investments quickly and prematurely at what may be disadvantageous prices to us in order to meet our outstanding payment obligations and/or support working capital requirements under the relevant credit facility or such future borrowing facility, any of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, following any such default, the agent for the lenders under any future borrowing facility could assume control of the disposition of any or all of our assets, including the selection of such assets to be disposed and the timing of such disposition, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, ability to pay dividends, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. If we were unable to obtain a waiver of a default from the lenders or holders of that indebtedness, as applicable, those lenders or holders could accelerate repayment under that indebtedness, which might result in cross-acceleration of other indebtedness. An acceleration could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Lastly, as a result of any such default, we may be unable to obtain additional leverage, which could, in turn, affect our return on capital.

Because our sole initial stockholder has approved a proposal that allows us to reduce our asset coverage ratio to 150%, we are subject to a 150% asset coverage.

Under the Investment Company Act, a BDC is allowed to increase the maximum amount of leverage it may incur from an asset coverage ratio of 200% to an asset coverage ratio of 150% if certain requirements are met. The reduced asset coverage requirement permits a BDC to borrow up to two dollars for every dollar it has in assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities issued by it. Because Crescent, as our sole initial stockholder, has approved a proposal that allows us to reduce our asset coverage ratio to 150%, the ratio applicable to our senior securities is 150%.

Leverage magnifies the potential for loss on investments in our indebtedness and on invested equity capital. As we may use leverage to partially finance our investments, you will experience increased risks of investing in our securities. If the value of our assets increases, then leveraging would cause the net asset value attributable to our Common Shares to increase more sharply than it would have had we not leveraged our business. Similarly, any increase in our income in excess of interest payable on the borrowed funds would cause our net investment income to increase more than it would have without the leverage, while any decrease in our income would cause net investment income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not borrowed. Such a decline could negatively affect our ability to make distributions or pay dividends on our Common Shares, make scheduled debt payments or other payments related to our securities. Leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure—Our strategy involves a high degree of leverage. We intend to continue to finance our investments with borrowed money, which will magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and increase the risk of investing in us. The risks of investment in a highly leveraged fund include volatility and possible distribution restrictions.”

We are and may be subject to restrictions under our credit facilities and any future credit or other borrowing facility that could adversely impact our business.

Our credit facilities, and any future borrowing facility, may be backed by all or a portion of our loans and securities on which the lenders may have a security interest. We may pledge up to 100% of our assets and may grant a security interest in all of our assets under the terms of any debt instrument we enter into with lenders. We expect that any future security interests we grant will be set forth in a pledge and security agreement and evidenced by the filing of financing statements by the agent for the lenders, and we expect that the custodian for our securities serving as collateral for such loan would include in the custodian’s electronic systems notices indicating the existence of such security interests and, following notice of occurrence of an event of default, if any, and during its continuance, will only accept transfer instructions with respect to any such securities from the lender or its designee. If we were to default under the terms of any future borrowing facility, the agent for the

 

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applicable lenders would be able to assume control of the timing of disposition of the assets pledged under the facility, which could include any or all of our assets securing such debt. Such remedial action would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition, the security interests as well as negative covenants under any other future borrowing facility may limit our ability to create liens on assets to secure additional debt and may make it difficult for us to restructure or refinance indebtedness at or prior to maturity or obtain additional debt or equity financing. In addition, if our borrowing base under our credit facilities or any other borrowing facility were to decrease, we would be required to secure additional assets in an amount equal to any borrowing base deficiency. In the event that all of our assets are secured at the time of such a borrowing base deficiency, we could be required to repay advances under the relevant credit facility or any other borrowing facility or make deposits to a collection account, either of which could have a material adverse impact on our ability to fund future investments and to pay dividends.

In addition, under our credit facilities, or any other future borrowing facility, we may be limited as to how borrowed funds may be used, which may include restrictions on geographic and industry concentrations, loan size, payment frequency and status, average life, collateral interests and investment ratings, as well as regulatory restrictions on leverage which may affect the amount of funding that may be obtained.

There may also be certain requirements relating to portfolio performance, including required minimum portfolio yield and limitations on delinquencies and charge-offs, a violation of which could limit further advances and, in some cases, result in an event of default. An event of default under our credit facilities or any other borrowing facility could result in an accelerated maturity date for all amounts outstanding thereunder, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. This could reduce our revenues and, by delaying any cash payment allowed to us under the relevant credit facility or any other borrowing facility until the lenders have been paid in full, reduce our liquidity and cash flow and impair our ability to grow our business and maintain our qualification as a RIC.

In addition to regulatory requirements that restrict our ability to raise capital, any future debt facilities may contain various covenants that, if not complied with, could accelerate repayment under such debt facilities, thereby materially and adversely affecting our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.

Future agreements governing any debt facilities may require us to comply with certain financial and operational covenants. These covenants may include, among other things:

 

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restrictions on the level of indebtedness that we are permitted to incur in relation to the value of our assets;

 

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restrictions on our ability to incur liens; and

 

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maintenance of a minimum level of stockholders’ equity.

Our compliance with these covenants depends on many factors, some of which are beyond our control. For example, depending on the condition of the public debt and equity markets and pricing levels, unrealized depreciation in our portfolio may increase in the future. Any such increase could result in our inability to comply with an obligation to restrict the level of indebtedness that we are able to incur in relation to the value of our assets or to maintain a minimum level of stockholders’ equity.

Accordingly, there are no assurances that we will be able to comply with the covenants in any debt facilities we enter into. Failure to comply with these covenants could result in a default under these debt facilities, that, if we were unable to obtain a waiver from the lenders or holders of such indebtedness, as applicable, such lenders or holders could accelerate repayment under such indebtedness and thereby have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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We may form one or more CLOs, which may subject us to certain structured financing risks.

To finance investments, we may securitize certain of our secured loans or other investments, including through the formation of one or more collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), while retaining all or most of the exposure to the performance of these investments. This would involve contributing a pool of assets to a special purpose entity and selling debt interests in such entity on a non-recourse or limited-recourse basis to purchasers. It is possible that an interest in any such CLO held by us may be considered a “non-qualifying” portfolio investment for purposes of the Investment Company Act.

If we create a CLO, we will depend in part on distributions from the CLO’s assets out of its earnings and cash flows to enable us to make distributions to stockholders. The ability of a CLO to make distributions will be subject to various limitations, including the terms and covenants of the debt it issues. Also, a CLO may take actions that delay distributions in order to preserve ratings and to keep the cost of present and future financings lower or the CLO may be obligated to retain cash or other assets to satisfy over-collateralization requirements commonly provided for holders of the CLO’s debt, which could impact our ability to receive distributions from the CLO. If we do not receive cash flow from any such CLO that is necessary to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement (defined below) for maintaining RIC status, and we are unable to obtain cash from other sources necessary to satisfy this requirement, we may not maintain our qualification as a RIC, which would have a material adverse effect on an investment in the shares.

In addition, a decline in the credit quality of loans in a CLO due to poor operating results of the relevant borrower, declines in the value of loan collateral or increases in defaults, among other things, may force a CLO to sell certain assets at a loss, reducing their earnings and, in turn, cash potentially available for distribution to us for distribution to stockholders. To the extent that any losses are incurred by the CLO in respect of any collateral, such losses will be borne first by us as owner of equity interests in the CLO.

The manager for a CLO that we create may be the Fund, our investment adviser or an affiliate, and such manager may be entitled to receive compensation for structuring and/or management services. To the extent our investment adviser or an affiliate other than the Fund serves as manager and the Fund is obligated to compensate our investment adviser or the affiliate for such services, we, our investment adviser or the affiliate will implement offsetting arrangements to assure that we, and indirectly, our common stockholders, pay no additional management fees to our investment adviser or the affiliate in connection therewith. To the extent we serve as manager, we will waive any right to receive fees for such services from the Fund (and indirectly its stockholders) or any affiliate.

We operate in an increasingly competitive market for investment opportunities, which could make it difficult for us to identify and make investments that are consistent with our investment objectives.

A number of entities compete with us to make the types of investments that we make and plan to make. We compete with other BDCs, public and private funds, commercial and investment banks, commercial financing companies and, to the extent they provide an alternative form of financing, private equity and hedge funds. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. For example, we believe some of our competitors may have access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than us. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the Investment Company Act imposes on us as a BDC or the source-of-income, asset diversification and distribution requirements we must satisfy to maintain our RIC qualification. The competitive pressures we face may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. As a result of this competition, we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities from time to time, and we may not be able to identify and make investments that are consistent with our investment objectives.

With respect to the investments we make, we will not seek to compete based primarily on the interest rates we will offer, and we believe that some of our competitors may make loans with interest rates that will be lower

 

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than the rates we offer. In the secondary market for acquiring existing loans, we expect to compete generally on the basis of pricing terms. With respect to all investments, we may lose some investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure. However, if we match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure, we may experience decreased net interest income, lower yields and increased risk of credit loss. We may also compete for investment opportunities with investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles managed by Crescent. Although Crescent will allocate opportunities in accordance with its policies and procedures, allocations to such investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles will reduce the amount and frequency of opportunities available to us and may not be in our best interests. Moreover, the performance of investments will not be known at the time of allocation. See “—Our investment adviser, the investment committee of our investment adviser, Crescent and their affiliates, officers, directors and employees may face certain conflicts of interest.”

Our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates is restricted.

We are prohibited under the Investment Company Act from participating in certain transactions with our affiliates without the prior approval of our independent directors and, in some cases, the SEC. We consider our investment adviser and its affiliates, including Crescent, to be our affiliates for such purposes. In addition, any person that owns, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of our outstanding voting securities will be our affiliate for purposes of the Investment Company Act, and we are generally prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to such affiliate without the prior approval of our independent directors. We consider our investment adviser and its affiliates, including Crescent, to be our affiliates for such purposes. The Investment Company Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with certain of our affiliates, which could include investments in the same portfolio company, without prior approval of our independent directors and, in some cases, of the SEC. We are prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to any person who owns more than 25% of our voting securities or certain of that person’s affiliates, or entering into prohibited joint transactions with such persons, absent the prior approval of the SEC. If we are prohibited by applicable law from investing alongside Crescent’s investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles with respect to an investment opportunity, we may not be able to participate in such investment opportunity.

We may, however, invest alongside Crescent’s investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles in certain circumstances where doing so is consistent with our investment strategy as well as applicable law and SEC staff interpretations or exemptive orders and Crescent’s allocation policy. For example, we may invest alongside such investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles consistent with guidance promulgated by the SEC staff to purchase interests in a single class of privately placed securities so long as certain conditions are met, including that Crescent, acting on our behalf and on behalf of such investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles, negotiates no term other than price.

In situations where co-investment with investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles managed by Crescent is not permitted or appropriate, such as when there is an opportunity to invest in different securities of the same issuer or where the different investments could be expected to result in a conflict between our interests and those of Crescent’s clients, subject to the limitations described in the preceding paragraph, Crescent will need to decide which client will proceed with the investment. Similar restrictions limit our ability to transact business with our officers or directors or their affiliates. These restrictions will limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us.

Crescent has been granted exemptive relief from the SEC, upon which we and our investment adviser may rely, which permits greater flexibility to negotiate the terms of co-investments if our Board determines that it would be advantageous for us to co-invest with investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles managed by Crescent in a manner consistent with our investment objectives, positions, policies, strategies and restrictions as well as regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors. We believe that co-investment by us and investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles managed by Crescent may afford us additional investment opportunities and an ability to achieve a more varied portfolio. Accordingly, the exemptive order permits us to invest with

 

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investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles managed by Crescent in the same portfolio companies under circumstances in which such investments would otherwise not be permitted by the Investment Company Act. The exemptive relief permitting co-investment transactions generally applies only if our independent directors and directors who have no financial interest in such transaction review and approve in advance each co-investment transaction. The exemptive relief provides that, if the size of a co-investment opportunity is insufficient to meet our and the other Crescent funds’ desired level of participation in full, allocations will generally be made pro rata based on capital available for investment, as determined, in our case, by our Board as well as the terms of our governing documents and those of such investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles. It is our policy to base our determinations on such factors as: the amount of cash on-hand, existing commitments and reserves, if any, our targeted leverage level, our targeted asset mix and diversification requirements and other investment policies and restrictions set by our Board or imposed by applicable laws, rules, regulations or interpretations. We expect that these determinations will be made similarly for investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles managed by Crescent. However, we can offer no assurance that investment opportunities will be allocated to us fairly or equitably in the short-term or over time.

Our ability to sell or otherwise exit investments also invested in by other Crescent investment vehicles is restricted.

We may be considered affiliates with respect to certain of our portfolio companies because our affiliates, which may include certain investment funds, accounts or investment vehicles managed by Crescent, also hold interests in these portfolio companies and as such these interests may be considered a joint enterprise under the Investment Company Act. To the extent that our interests in these portfolio companies may need to be restructured in the future or to the extent that we choose to exit certain of these transactions, our ability to do so will be limited. Crescent has obtained exemptive relief from the SEC in relation to certain joint transactions, upon which we and our investment adviser may relay; however, there is no assurance that the terms such exemptive relief that would permit us to negotiate future restructurings or other transactions that may be considered a joint enterprise.

Our investment adviser, the investment committee of our investment adviser, Crescent and their affiliates, officers, directors and employees may face certain conflicts of interest.

As a result of our arrangements with Crescent, our investment adviser and our investment adviser’s investment committee, there may be times when our investment adviser or such persons have interests that differ from those of our common stockholders, giving rise to a conflict of interest.

The members of our investment adviser’s investment committee serve, or may serve, as officers, directors, members, or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as we do, or of investment funds, accounts, or investment vehicles managed by Crescent and/or its affiliates. Similarly, Crescent and its affiliates may have other clients with similar, different or competing investment objectives.

In serving in these multiple capacities, they may have obligations to other clients or investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which may not be in the best interests of, or which may be adverse to the interests of, us or our common stockholders. For example, an affiliate of Crescent presently serves as the investment adviser to CCAP, a publicly listed business development company. Some of our executive officers may serve is similar or other capacities for CCAP. In addition, Crescent has, and will continue to have management responsibilities for other investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles. There is a potential that we will compete with CCAP and such funds, and other entities managed by Crescent and its affiliates, for capital and investment opportunities. As a result, members of our investment adviser’s investment committee who are affiliated with Crescent will face conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities among us, CCAP and other investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles managed by Crescent and its affiliates and may make certain investments that are appropriate for us but for which we receive a relatively small allocation or no allocation at all. Crescent intends to allocate investment opportunities among us, CCAP, eligible investment funds, accounts

 

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and investment vehicles in a manner that is fair and equitable over time and consistent with its allocation policy. However, we can offer no assurance that such opportunities will be allocated to us fairly or equitably in the short-term or over time, and we may not be given the opportunity to participate in all investments made by investment funds managed by Crescent or its affiliates, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to participate in all investment opportunities that are suitable to us.

Further, to the extent permitted by applicable law, we and our affiliates may own investments at different levels of a portfolio company’s capital structure or otherwise own different classes of a portfolio company’s securities, which may give rise to conflicts of interest or perceived conflicts of interest. Conflicts may also arise because decisions regarding our portfolio may benefit our affiliates. Our affiliates may pursue or enforce rights with respect to one of its portfolio companies, and those activities may have an adverse effect on us.

Crescent’s principals and employees, our investment adviser or their affiliates may, from time to time, possess material non-public information, limiting our investment discretion.

Crescent’s executive officers and directors, principals and other employees, including members of our investment adviser’s investment committee, may serve as directors of, or in a similar capacity with, portfolio companies in which we invest, the securities of which are purchased or sold on our behalf and may come into possession of material non-public information with respect to issuers in which we may be considering making an investment. In the event that material non-public information is obtained with respect to such companies, or we become subject to trading restrictions under the internal trading policies of those companies, Crescent’s policies or as a result of applicable law or regulations, we could be prohibited for a period of time or indefinitely from purchasing or selling the securities of such companies, or we may be precluded from providing such information or other ideas to other funds affiliated with Crescent that might benefit from such information, and this prohibition may have an adverse effect on us.

Conflicts may arise related to other arrangements with Crescent and our investment adviser and other affiliates.

We have entered into a license agreement with Crescent under which Crescent has agreed to grant us a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use the name “Crescent Capital.” In addition, the Administration Agreement with our administrator, an affiliate of Crescent, requires we pay to our administrator our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by our administrator in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, such as our allocable portion of the cost of our chief compliance officer, general counsel, secretary, their respective staffs, and our operations and finance staffs who provide services to us. These agreements create conflicts of interest that the independent members of our Board will monitor. For example, under the terms of the license agreement, we will be unable to preclude Crescent from licensing or transferring the ownership of the “Crescent Capital” name to third parties, some of whom may compete against us. Consequently, it will be unable to prevent any damage to goodwill that may occur as a result of the activities of Crescent or others. Furthermore, in the event the license agreement is terminated, we will be required to change our name and cease using “Crescent Capital” as part of our name. Any of these events could disrupt our recognition in the marketplace, damage any goodwill it may have generated and otherwise harm our business.

Our Investment Advisory and Management Agreement was negotiated with our investment adviser and the Administration Agreement was negotiated with our administrator, which are both our related parties.

The Investment Advisory and Management Agreement, and the Administration Agreement were negotiated between related parties. Consequently, their terms, including fees payable to our investment adviser, may not be as favorable to us as if they had been negotiated exclusively with an unaffiliated third party. In addition, we may desire not to enforce, or to enforce less vigorously, its rights and remedies under these agreements because of our desire to maintain our ongoing relationship with our investment adviser, our administrator and their respective affiliates. Any such decision, however, could breach our directors’ duties to us.

 

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We and our investment adviser are subject to regulations and SEC oversight. If we or our investment adviser fail to comply with applicable requirements, it may adversely impact our results relative to companies that are not subject to such regulations.

As a BDC, we are subject to a portion of the Investment Company Act. In addition, we have elected to be treated, and intend to operate in a manner so as to continuously qualify, as a RIC in accordance with the requirements of Subchapter M of the Code. The Investment Company Act and the Code impose various restrictions on the management of a BDC, including related to portfolio construction, asset selection, and tax. These restrictions may reduce the chances that we will achieve the same results as other vehicles managed by Crescent and/or our investment adviser.

However, if we do not maintain our status as a BDC, we would be subject to regulation as a registered closed-end investment company under the Investment Company Act. As a registered closed-end investment company, we would be subject to substantially more regulatory restrictions under the Investment Company Act which would significantly decrease our operating flexibility. In addition to these and other requirements applicable to us, our investment adviser is subject to regulatory oversight by the SEC. To the extent the SEC raises concerns or has negative findings concerning the manner in which we or our investment adviser operates, it could adversely affect our business.

We will be subject to corporate level income tax if we are unable to qualify as a RIC.

We have elected to be treated as a RIC under the Code and intend to operate in a manner so as to qualify for the U.S. federal income tax treatment applicable to RICs. As a RIC, we generally will not pay U.S. federal corporate-level income taxes on our income and net capital gains that we distribute (or are deemed to distribute) to our common stockholders as dividends on a timely basis. We will be subject to U.S. federal corporate-level income tax on any undistributed income and/or gains. To maintain our status as a RIC, we must meet certain source of income, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements. We may also be subject to certain U.S. federal excise taxes, as well as state, local and foreign taxes.

To qualify as a RIC under the Code, we must meet certain source-of-income, asset diversification and distribution requirements. The distribution requirement for a RIC is satisfied if we timely distribute an amount equal to at least 90% of our investment company taxable income (as defined by the Code, which generally includes net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, if any) to our common stockholders on an annual basis (the “Annual Distribution Requirement”). We have the ability to pay a large portion of our distributions in shares of our stock, and as long as a portion of such distribution is paid in cash and other requirements are met, such distributions will be taxable as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes. This may result in our U.S. stockholders having to pay tax on such dividends, even if no cash is received, and may result in our non-U.S. stockholders being subject to withholding tax in respect of amounts distributed in our stock. We will be subject, to the extent we use debt financing, to certain asset coverage ratio requirements under the Investment Company Act and financial covenants under loan and credit agreements that could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions necessary to qualify as a RIC. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify as a RIC and, thus, may be subject to corporate-level income tax.

To qualify as a RIC, in addition to the Annual Distribution Requirement, we must also meet certain annual source of income requirements at the end of each taxable year (the “90% Income Test”) and asset diversification requirements at the end of each calendar quarter (the “Diversification Tests”). Failure to meet these tests may result in our having to (a) dispose of certain investments quickly or (b) raise additional capital in order to prevent the loss of our qualifications as a RIC. Because most of our investments will be in private or thinly traded public companies and are generally illiquid, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and may result in substantial losses. If we fail to qualify as a RIC for any reason and become subject to corporate income tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for

 

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distributions to our common stockholders and the amount of funds available for new investments. Such a failure would have a material adverse effect on us and our common stockholders.

Our business may be adversely affected if it fails to maintain its qualification as a RIC.

To maintain RIC tax treatment under the Code, we must meet the Annual Distribution Requirement, 90% Income Test and Diversification Tests. The Annual Distribution Requirement will be satisfied if we distribute dividends to our common stockholders in respect of each taxable year of an amount generally at least equal to 90% of its investment company taxable income, determined without regard to any deduction for distributions paid. In this regard, a RIC may, in certain cases, satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement by distributing dividends relating to a taxable year after the close of such taxable year under the “spillback dividend” provisions of Subchapter M of the Code. We will be subject to tax, at regular corporate rates, on any retained income and/or gains, including any short-term capital gains or long-term capital gains. We will be subject to a 4% nondeductible U.S. federal excise tax on certain undistributed income unless we distribute in a timely manner an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of our ordinary income for each calendar year, (2) 98.2% of our capital gain net income for each calendar year and (3) any income realized, but not distributed, in preceding years (to the extent that U.S. federal income tax was not imposed on such amounts) less certain over-distributions in the prior year (collectively, the “Excise Tax”). Because we use debt financing, we are subject to (i) an asset coverage ratio requirement under the Investment Company Act and are subject to (ii) certain financial covenants under loan and credit agreements that could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources, or chose or be required to retain a portion of our taxable income or gains, we could (i) be required to pay the Excise Tax and (ii) fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment, and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax on our taxable income (including gains).

The 90% Income Test will be satisfied if we earn at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from distributions, interest, gains from the sale of stock or securities, or other income derived from the business of investing in stock or securities. The Diversification Tests will be satisfied if we meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each quarter of our taxable year. To satisfy the Diversification Tests, at least 50% of the value of our assets at the close of each quarter of each taxable year must consist of cash, cash equivalents (including receivables), U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other acceptable securities, and no more than 25% of the value of its assets can be invested in the securities, other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs, of one issuer, of two or more issuers that are controlled, as determined under applicable Code rules, by us and that are engaged in the same or similar or related trades or businesses or of certain “qualified publicly traded partnerships.” Failure to meet these requirements may result in us having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to prevent the loss of RIC status. Because most of our investments will be in private companies, and therefore will be relatively illiquid, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and could result in substantial losses.

We may invest in certain debt and equity investments through taxable subsidiaries and the net taxable income of these taxable subsidiaries will be subject to federal and state corporate income taxes. We also may invest in certain foreign debt and equity investments that could be subject to foreign taxes (such as income tax, withholding, and value added taxes). If we fail to maintain RIC tax treatment for any reason and are subject to corporate income tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution, and the amount of our distributions.

Certain investors are limited in their ability to make significant investments in us.

Private funds that are excluded from the definition of “investment company” either pursuant to Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act are restricted from acquiring directly or through a controlled entity more than 3% of our total outstanding voting stock (measured at the time of the acquisition). Investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act and BDCs, such as us, are also currently subject to this restriction as well as other limitations under the Investment Company Act that would restrict the

 

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amount that they are able to invest in our securities. As a result, certain investors will be limited in their ability to make significant investments in us at a time that they might desire to do so. The SEC has adopted Rule 12d1-4 under the Investment Company Act. Subject to certain conditions, Rule 12d1-4 provides an exemption to permit registered investment companies and BDCs to invest in the securities of other registered investment companies and BDCs in excess of the limits currently prescribed by the Investment Company Act.

We may be subject to withholding of U. S. Federal income tax on distributions for non-U.S. stockholders.

Distributions by a RIC generally are treated as dividends for U.S. tax purposes and will be subject to U.S. income or withholding tax unless the stockholder receiving the dividend qualifies for an exemption from U.S. tax, or the distribution is subject to one of the special look-through rules described below. Distributions paid out of net capital gains can qualify for a reduced rate of taxation in the hands of an individual U.S. stockholder, and an exemption from U.S. tax in the hands of a non-U.S. stockholder.

Properly reported dividend distributions by RICs paid out of certain interest income (such distributions, “interest-related dividends”) are generally exempt from U.S. withholding tax for non-U.S. stockholders. Under such exemption, a non-U.S. stockholder generally may receive interest-related dividends free of U.S. withholding tax if the stockholder would not have been subject to U.S. withholding tax if it had received the underlying interest income directly. No assurance can be given as to whether any of our distributions will be eligible for this exemption from U.S. withholding tax or, if eligible, will be designated as such by us. In particular, the exemption does apply to distributions paid in respect of a RIC’s non-U.S. source interest income, its dividend income or its foreign currency gains. In the case our Common Shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold U.S. federal income tax even if we designate the payment as a dividend eligible for the exemption. Also, because our Common Shares will be subject to significant transfer restrictions, and an investment in our Common Shares will generally be illiquid, non-U.S. stockholders whose distributions on our Common Shares are subject to U.S. withholding tax may not be able to transfer our Common Shares easily or quickly or at all.

We may retain income and capital gains in excess of what is permissible for excise tax purposes and such amounts will be subject to 4% U.S. federal excise tax, reducing the amount available for distribution to stockholders.

We may retain some income and capital gains in the future, including for purposes of providing additional liquidity, which amounts would be subject to the 4% Excise Tax. In that event, we will be liable for the tax on the amount by which it does not meet the foregoing distribution requirement.

We may need to raise additional capital.

We intend to access the capital markets periodically to issue debt or equity securities or borrow from financial institutions in order to obtain additional capital to fund new investments and grow our portfolio of investments. Unfavorable economic conditions could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. A reduction in the availability of new capital could limit our ability to grow. In addition, we will be required to distribute in respect of each taxable year at least 90% of our net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, if any, for such taxable year to our common stockholders to maintain our qualification as a RIC. Amounts so distributed will not be available to fund new investments or repay maturing debt. An inability on our part to access the capital markets successfully could limit our ability to grow our business and execute our business strategy fully and could decrease our earnings, if any, which would have an adverse effect on the value of our securities.

Further, we may pursue growth through acquisitions or strategic investments in new businesses. Completion and timing of any such acquisitions or strategic investments may be subject to a number of contingencies and risks. There can be no assurance that the integration of an acquired business will be successful or that an acquired business will prove to be profitable or sustainable.

 

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We may have difficulty paying our required distributions if we recognize income before, or without, receiving cash representing such income.

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, we generally are required to include in income certain amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as the accretion of OID. This may arise if we receive warrants in connection with the making of a loan and in other circumstances, or through contracted payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest, which represents contractual interest added to the loan principal balance and due at the end of the loan term. Such OID, which could be significant relative to our overall investment activities or increases in loan balances as a result of contracted PIK arrangements, will be included in income before we receive any corresponding cash payments. We also may be required to include in income certain other amounts that we will not receive in cash, including, for example, amounts attributable to hedging and foreign currency transactions.

Since in certain cases we may recognize income before or without receiving cash in respect of such income, we may have difficulty meeting the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, if any, to maintain our qualification as a RIC. In such a case, we may have to sell some of our investments at times we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or reduce new investment originations to meet these distribution requirements. If we are not able to obtain such cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify as a RIC and thus be subject to corporate-level income tax. Such a failure could have a material adverse effect on us and on any investment in us.

Our investments in OID and PIK interest income may expose us to risks associated with such income being required to be included in accounting income and taxable income prior to receipt of cash.

Our investments may include OID and PIK instruments. To the extent OID and PIK interest income constitute a portion of our income, we will be exposed to risks associated with such income being required to be included in an accounting income and taxable income prior to receipt of cash, including the following:

 

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OID instruments and PIK securities may have unreliable valuations because the accretion of OID as interest income and the continuing accruals of PIK securities require judgments about their collectability and the collectability of deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral;

 

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OID income may also create uncertainty about the source of our cash distributions;

 

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OID instruments may create heightened credit risks because the inducement to the borrower to accept higher interest rates in exchange for the deferral of cash payments typically represents, to some extent, speculation on the part of the borrower;

 

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for accounting purposes, cash distributions to stockholders that include a component of accreted OID income do not come from paid-in capital, although they may be paid from the offering proceeds. Thus, although a distribution of accreted OID income may come from the cash invested by the stockholders, the Investment Company Act does not require that stockholders be given notice of this fact;

 

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generally, we must recognize income for income tax purposes no later than when it recognizes such income for accounting purposes;

 

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the higher interest rates on PIK securities reflects the payment deferral and increased credit risk associated with such instruments and PIK securities generally represent a significantly higher credit risk than coupon loans;

 

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the presence of accreted OID income and PIK interest income create the risk of non-refundable cash payments to our investment adviser in the form of incentive fees on income based on non-cash accreted OID income and PIK interest income accruals that may never be realized;

 

•

even if accounting conditions are met, borrowers on such securities could still default when our actual collection is expected to occur at the maturity of the obligation;

 

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•

OID and PIK create the risk that incentive fees will be paid to our investment adviser based on non-cash accruals that ultimately may not be realized, which our investment adviser will be under no obligation to reimburse us or these fees; and

 

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PIK interest has the effect of generating investment income and increasing the incentive fees payable at a compounding rate. In addition, the deferral of PIK interest also reduces the loan-to-value ratio at a compounding rate.

We are exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates.

General interest rate fluctuations may have a substantial negative impact on our investments and investment opportunities and, accordingly, may have a material adverse effect on our investment objectives and our net investment income. Because we borrow money and may issue debt securities or preferred stock to make investments, our net investment income is dependent upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds or pay interest or dividends on such debt securities or preferred stock and the rate at which we invest these funds. If market rates decrease we may earn less interest income from investments made during such lower rate environment. From time to time, we may also enter into certain hedging transactions, such as futures, options, currency options, forward contracts, interest rate swaps, caps, collars and floors to mitigate our exposure to changes in interest rates. In addition, we may increase our floating rate investments to position the portfolio for rate increases. However, we cannot assure you that such transactions will be successful in mitigating our exposure to interest rate risk. There can be no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income.

Trading prices tend to fluctuate more for fixed-rate securities that have longer maturities. Although we have no policy governing the maturities of our investments, under current market conditions we expect that we will invest in a portfolio of debt generally having maturities of up to 10 years. Trading prices for debt that pays a fixed rate of return tend to fall as interest rates rise. This means that we are subject to greater risk (other things being equal) than a fund invested solely in shorter-term securities. A decline in the prices of the debt we own could adversely affect the NAV of our Common Shares. Also, an increase in interest rates available to investors could make an investment in our Common Shares less attractive if we are not able to increase our dividend rate. Further, portfolio companies may be highly leveraged, and leveraged companies are often more sensitive to economic factors such as a significant rise in interest rates, as a leveraged company’s income and net assets will tend to increase or decrease at a greater rate than if borrowed money were not used. If a portfolio company is unable to generate sufficient cash flow to meet principal and interest payments to lenders, it may be forced to take actions to satisfy such obligations under its indebtedness or be forced into liquidation, dissolution or insolvency. These alternative measures may include reducing or delaying capital expenditures, selling assets, seeking additional capital, or restructuring or refinancing indebtedness. If such strategies are not successful and do not permit the portfolio company to meet its scheduled debt service obligations, such actions could significantly reduce or even eliminate the value of the Fund’s investment(s) in such portfolio company.

We are subject to risks associated with the current interest rate environment, and to the extent we use debt to finance our investments, changes in interest rates may affect our cost of capital and net investment income. Further, changes in LIBOR or its discontinuation may adversely affect the value of LIBOR-indexed securities, loans, and other financial obligations or extensions of credit in our portfolio.

An increase in interest rates may make it more difficult for our portfolio companies to service their obligations under the debt investments that we hold. Rising interest rates could also cause portfolio companies to shift cash from other productive uses to the payment of interest, which may have a material adverse effect on their business and operations and could, over time, lead to increased defaults.

In July 2017, the head of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority announced the desire to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. However, in March 2021, the FCA announced that most U.S. dollar

 

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LIBOR would continue to be published through June 30, 2023 effectively extending the LIBOR transition period to June 30, 2023. However, the FCA has indicated it will not compel panel banks to continue to contribute to LIBOR after the end of 2021 and the U.S. Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation have encouraged banks to cease entering into new contracts that use U.S. dollar LIBOR as a reference rate no later than December 31, 2021. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, supports replacing U.S.-dollar LIBOR with SOFR, a new index calculated by short-term repurchase agreements, backed by Treasury securities.

On March 15, 2022, the federal Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act (the “LIBOR Act”) was signed into law. The federal legislation provides a statutory fallback mechanism on a nation-wide basis to replace U.S. dollar LIBOR with a benchmark rate, selected by the U.S. Federal Reserve Board and based on SOFR, for certain contracts that reference U.S. dollar LIBOR and contain no or insufficient fallback provisions. On December 16, 2022, the U.S. Federal Reserve Board adopted a final rule implementing certain provisions of the LIBOR Act (“Regulation ZZ”). Regulation ZZ specifies that on the LIBOR replacement date, which is the first London banking day after June 30, 2023, the U.S. Federal Reserve Board-selected benchmark replacement, based on SOFR and including any tenor spread adjustment as provided by Regulation ZZ, will replace references to overnight, 1, 3, 6, and 12-month LIBOR in certain contracts that do not mature before the LIBOR replacement date and that do not contain adequate fallback language. The LIBOR Act Regulation ZZ could apply to certain of our investments that reference LIBOR to the extent that they do not have fallback provisions or adequate fallback provisions.

Although there have been a few issuances utilizing SOFR or the Sterling Over Night Index Average, an alternative reference rate that is based on transactions, it is unknown whether these alternative reference rates will attain market acceptance as replacements for LIBOR. Any transition away from LIBOR to alternative reference rates is complex and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, including as a result of any changes in the pricing of our investments, changes to the documentation for certain of our investments and the pace of such changes, disputes and other actions regarding the interpretation of current and prospective loan documentation or modifications to processes and systems.

There can be no assurance that all of the LIBOR-indexed securities, loans, and other financial obligations or extensions of credit in which we will invest will include, or be amended to include, an alternative rate-setting methodology to be used in the event that LIBOR ceases to exist. In addition, any further changes or reforms to the determination or supervision of LIBOR may result in a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in reported LIBOR, which could have an adverse impact on the market for or value of any LIBOR- linked securities, loans, and other financial obligations or extensions of credit held by or due to us or on our overall financial condition or results of operations.

To the extent we borrow money to make investments, our net investment income will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest those funds. As a result, we can offer no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates would not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income in the event we use debt to finance our investments. In periods of rising interest rates, our cost of funds would increase, which could reduce our net investment income.

In addition, a rise in the general level of interest rates typically leads to higher interest rates applicable to our debt investments. Accordingly, an increase in interest rates may result in an increase of the amount of our pre-incentive fee net investment income, which could make it easier for us to meet or exceed the hurdle amount (as described herein under the heading “Incentive Fee”) and, as a result, increase the incentive fees payable to our investment adviser.

In anticipation of the cessation of LIBOR, we may need to renegotiate credit facilities and any credit agreements extending beyond 2022 with our prospective portfolio companies that utilize LIBOR as a factor in

 

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determining the interest rate or rely on certain fallback provisions that could cause interest rates to shift to a base rate plus a margin. Any such renegotiations may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, including as a result of changes in interest rates payable to us by our portfolio companies or payable by us under our credit facilities.

Most of our portfolio investments will not be publicly traded and, as a result, the fair value of these investments may not be readily determinable.

A large percentage of our portfolio investments will not be publicly traded. The fair value of investments that are not publicly traded may not be readily determinable. We value these investments at fair value as determined by our investment adviser, as the Board’s valuation designee, based on, among other things, the input of our management committee and the oversight of our audit committee and independent valuation firms that may be engaged by our investment adviser, subject to the oversight of our Board, to help affirm the valuation of certain portfolio investments without a readily available market quotation. In addition, we expect that our independent registered public accounting firm will obtain an understanding of, and perform select procedures relating to, our investment valuation process within the context of performing the integrated audit.

The types of factors that may be considered in valuing our investments include the enterprise value of the portfolio company (the entire value of the portfolio company to a market participant, including the sum of the values of debt and equity securities used to capitalize the enterprise at a point in time), the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company’s ability to make payments and its earnings and discounted cash flows, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, a comparison of the portfolio company’s securities to similar publicly traded securities, changes in the interest rate environment and the credit markets generally that may affect the price at which similar investments would trade in their principal markets and other relevant factors. When an external event such as a purchase transaction, public offering or subsequent equity sale occurs, we consider the pricing indicated by the external event to corroborate our valuation. Because such valuations, and particularly valuations of private investments and private companies, are inherently uncertain, may fluctuate over short periods of time and may be based on estimates, our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if a ready market for these investments existed and may differ materially from the values that we may ultimately realize. Our net asset value per share could be adversely affected if our determinations regarding the fair value of these investments are higher than the values that we realize upon disposition of such investments.

The lack of liquidity in our investments may adversely affect our business.

All of our assets may be invested in illiquid loans and securities, and a substantial portion of our investments in leveraged companies will be subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or will otherwise be less liquid than more broadly traded public securities. The illiquidity of these investments may make it difficult for us to sell such investments if the need arises. In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of its portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which it has previously recorded its investments. Some of our debt investments may contain interest rate reset provisions that may make it more difficult for the borrowers to make periodic interest payments to us. In addition, some of our debt investments may not pay down principal until the end of their lifetimes, which could result in a substantial loss to us if the portfolio companies are unable to refinance or repay their debts at maturity.

Our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected if a significant investment fails to perform as expected.

Our investment portfolio includes investments that may be significant individually or in the aggregate. If a significant investment in one or more companies fails to perform as expected, such a failure could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results, and the magnitude of such effect could be more significant than if we had further diversified our portfolio.

 

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We are subject to risks related to corporate social responsibility.

Our business (including that of our portfolio companies) faces increasing public scrutiny related to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) activities, which are increasingly considered to contribute to the long-term sustainability of a company’s performance. A variety of organizations measure the performance of companies on ESG topics, and the results of these assessments are widely publicized. In addition, investment in funds that specialize in companies that perform well in such assessments are increasingly popular, and major institutional investors have publicly emphasized the importance of such ESG measures to their investment decisions. Crescent also recognizes the importance of considering ESG factors in the investment-decision making process in accordance with its ESG policy.

We risk damage to our brand and reputation if we fail to act responsibly in a number of areas, such as diversity, equity and inclusion, environmental stewardship, support for local communities, corporate governance and transparency and considering ESG factors in our investment processes. Adverse incidents with respect to ESG activities could impact the value of our brand, our relationship with future portfolio companies, the cost of our operations and relationships with investors, all of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Additionally, new regulatory initiatives related to ESG that are applicable to us and our portfolio companies could adversely affect our business. In May 2018, the European Commission adopted an “action plan on financing sustainable growth.” The action plan is, among other things, designed to define and reorient investment toward sustainability. The action plan contemplates: establishing European Union (“EU”) labels for green financial products; increasing disclosure requirements in the financial services sector around ESG and strengthening the transparency of companies on their ESG policies and introducing a ‘green supporting factor’ in the EU prudential rules for banks and insurance companies to incorporate climate risks into banks’ and insurance companies’ risk management policies. There is a risk that a significant reorientation in the market following the implementation of these and further measures could be adverse to our portfolio companies if they are perceived to be less valuable as a consequence of, e.g., their carbon footprint or “greenwashing” (i.e., the holding out of a product as having green or sustainable characteristics where this is not, in fact, the case). We and our portfolio companies are subject to the risk that similar measures might be introduced in other jurisdictions in the future. In addition, the SEC has proposed rules that would require additional disclosures about ESG investment practices by investment advisers and certain funds, including BDCs. The SEC has also proposed rules that, among other matters, would establish a framework for reporting of climate-related risks. At this time, there is uncertainty regarding the scope of these proposed rules and when they would become effective (if at all). Compliance with these proposed rules may be onerous and expensive. Further, compliance with any new laws, regulations or disclosure obligations increases our regulatory burden and could make compliance more difficult and expensive, affect the manner in which we or our portfolio companies conduct our businesses and adversely affect our profitability.

Compliance with any new laws or regulations increases our regulatory burden and could make compliance more difficult and expensive, affect the manner in which we or our portfolio companies conduct our businesses and adversely affect our profitability.

New or modified laws or regulations governing our operations may adversely affect our business.

We and our portfolio companies may be subject to regulation by laws at the U.S. federal, state and local levels. These laws and regulations, as well as their interpretation, may change from time to time, including as the result of interpretive guidance or other directives from the U.S. President and others in the executive branch, and new laws, regulations and interpretations may also come into effect. Any such new or changed laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, if we do not comply with applicable laws and regulations, we could lose any licenses that we then hold for the conduct of its business and may be subject to civil fines and criminal penalties.

 

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Additionally, changes to the laws and regulations governing our operations, including those associated with RICs, may cause us to alter our investment strategy in order to avail our self of new or different opportunities or result in the imposition of corporate-level taxes on us. Such changes could result in material differences to the strategies and plans set forth therein and may shift our investment focus from the areas of Crescent’s expertise to other types of investments in which Crescent may have little or no expertise or experience. Any such changes, if they occur, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of an investor’s investment. If we invest in commodity interests in the future, our investment adviser may determine not to use investment strategies that trigger additional regulation by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) or may determine to operate subject to CFTC regulation, if applicable. If we or our investment adviser were to operate subject to CFTC regulation, we may incur additional expenses and would be subject to additional regulation.

On January 20, 2021, Mr. Joseph R. Biden was inaugurated as President of the United States. As a candidate, President Biden called for significant policy changes and the reversal of several of the prior presidential administration’s policies, including significant changes to U.S. fiscal, tax, trade, healthcare, immigration, foreign, and government regulatory policy. To the extent the U.S. Congress or the current presidential administration implements changes to U.S. policy, those changes may impact, among other things, the U.S. and global economy, international trade and relations, unemployment, immigration, corporate taxes, healthcare, the U.S. regulatory environment, inflation, interest rates, fiscal or monetary policy and other areas in ways that adversely impact us or our portfolio companies.

Further, there has been increasing commentary amongst regulators and intergovernmental institutions, including the Financial Stability Board and International Monetary Fund, on the topic of so called “shadow banking” (a term generally taken to refer to credit intermediation involving entities and activities outside the regulated banking system). We are an entity outside the regulated banking system and certain of our activities may be argued to fall within this definition and, in consequence, may be subject to regulatory developments. As a result, we and our investment adviser could be subject to increased levels of oversight and regulation. This could increase costs and limit operations. In an extreme eventuality, it is possible that such regulations could render our continued operation unviable and lead to our premature termination or restructuring.

The United Kingdom referendum decision to leave the European Union may create significant risks and uncertainty for global markets and our investments.

On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (“UK”) officially withdrew from the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit”. On May 1, 2021, the Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the UK and EU (“UK/EU Trade Agreement”) took effect and now governs the economic and legal framework for trade between the UK and the EU. As the UK/EU Trade Agreement is a new legal framework, the implementation of the UK/EU Trade Agreement may result in uncertainty in its application and periods of volatility in both the UK and wider European markets, as economic relations between the UK and EU are now on more restricted terms than existed prior to Brexit. The UK’s exit from the EU is expected to result in additional trade costs and disruptions in this trading relationship. Furthermore, there is the possibility that either party may impose tariffs on trade in the future in the event that regulatory standards between the EU and the UK diverge. The long-term effects of Brexit are expected to depend on, among other things, any agreements the UK has made, or makes to retain access to EU markets. The terms of the future relationship may cause continued uncertainty in the global financial markets, and adversely affect our ability, and the ability of our portfolio companies, to execute our respective strategies and to receive attractive returns.

Additionally, legislative or other actions relating to taxes could have a negative effect on us.

The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. We cannot predict with certainty how any changes in the tax laws might affect us, our common stockholders, or our portfolio companies. New legislation

 

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and any U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions interpreting such legislation could significantly and negatively affect our ability to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC or the U.S. federal income tax consequences to us and our common stockholders of such qualification or could have other adverse consequences. Stockholders are urged to consult with their tax advisor regarding tax legislative, regulatory, or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our securities.

Changes to United States tariff and import/export regulations may have a negative effect on our portfolio companies and, in turn, harm us.

There has been ongoing discussion and commentary regarding potential significant changes to U.S. trade policies, treaties and tariffs. There continues to exist significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.S. and other countries with respect to such trade policies, treaties and tariffs. These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, may have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and may significantly reduce global trade and, in particular, trade between the impacted nations and the U.S. Any of these factors could depress economic activity and restrict our portfolio companies’ access to suppliers or customers and have a material adverse effect on their business, financial condition and results of operations, which in turn would negatively impact us.

Our investment adviser has limited liability and is entitled to indemnification under the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement.

Under the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement, our investment adviser has not assumed any responsibility to us other than to render the services called for under that agreement. Our investment adviser will not be responsible for any action of our Board in following or declining to follow our investment adviser’s advice or recommendations. Under the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement, our investment adviser, its officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons and members and any other person or entity affiliated with our investment adviser, including, without limitation, our administrator, and any person controlling or controlled by our investment adviser will not be liable to us, any of our subsidiaries, our directors, our common stockholders or any subsidiary’s stockholders or partners for acts or omissions performed in accordance with and pursuant to the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement, except those resulting from acts constituting gross negligence, willful misfeasance, bad faith or reckless disregard of the duties that our investment adviser owes to us under the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement. In addition, as part of the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement, we have agreed to indemnify our investment adviser and each of its officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons and members and any other person or entity affiliated with our investment adviser, including, without limitation, our administrator, and hold them harmless from and against all damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) incurred by such party in or by reason of any pending, threatened or completed action, suit, investigation or other proceeding (including an action or suit by or in the right of us or our security holders) arising out of or otherwise based upon the performance of any of our investment adviser’s duties or obligations under the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement or otherwise as an investment adviser of us, except in respect of any liability to us or our security holders to which such party would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of our investment adviser’s duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of our investment adviser’s duties and obligations under the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement. These protections may lead our investment adviser to act in a riskier manner when acting on our behalf than our investment adviser would when acting for its own account.

We may be obligated to pay our investment adviser certain fees even if we incur a loss.

Our investment adviser is entitled to incentive fees for each fiscal quarter in an amount equal to a percentage of the excess of our pre-incentive fee net investment income for that quarter (before deducting any incentive fees and certain other items) above a threshold return for that quarter. Our pre-incentive fee net investment income for

 

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incentive fee purposes excludes realized and unrealized capital losses or depreciation and income taxes related to realized gains that we may incur in the fiscal quarter, even if such capital losses or depreciation and income taxes related to realized gains result in a net loss on our statement of operations for that quarter. Thus, we may be required to pay our investment adviser incentive fees for a fiscal quarter even if there is a decline in the value of our portfolio or the net asset value of our Common Shares or we incur a net loss for that quarter.

If a portfolio company defaults on a loan that is structured to provide interest, it is possible that accrued and unpaid interest previously used in the calculation of incentive fees will become uncollectible. Our investment adviser is not under any obligation to reimburse us for any part of incentive fees it received that was based on accrued income that we never receive.

There is a risk that investors in our Common Shares may not receive dividends or that our dividends may not grow over time and that investors in our debt securities may not receive all of the interest income to which they are entitled.

We make distributions on a monthly basis to our common stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution. There is no assurance we will pay distributions in any particular amount, if at all. We may fund any distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of assets, borrowings, return of capital to stockholders or offering proceeds, and we have no limits on the amounts we may pay from such sources. In addition, distributions may also be funded in significant part, directly or indirectly, from temporary waivers or expense reimbursements borne by our investment adviser or its affiliates, that may be subject to reimbursement to our investment adviser or its affiliates. The repayment of any amounts owed to our investment adviser or our affiliates will reduce future distributions to which you would otherwise be entitled. We cannot assure you that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to make a specified level of cash distributions or year-to-year increases in cash distributions. If we declare a dividend and if more stockholders opt to receive cash distributions rather than participate in its reinvestment plan, we may be forced to sell some of our investments in order to make cash dividend payments.

In addition, due to the asset coverage test applicable to us as a BDC, we may be limited in our ability to make distributions. Certain of our credit facilities may also limit our ability to declare dividends if we default under certain provisions. Further, if we invest a greater amount of assets in equity securities that do not pay current dividends, it could reduce the amount available for distribution.

The above-referenced restrictions on distributions may also inhibit our ability to make required interest payments to holders of our debt, which may cause a default under the terms of its debt agreements. Such a default could materially increase our cost of raising capital, as well as cause us to incur penalties under the terms of its debt agreements.

The amount of any distributions we may make is uncertain. Our distributions may exceed our earnings, particularly during the period before we have substantially invested the net proceeds from our public offering. Therefore, portions of the distributions that we make may represent a return of capital to you that will lower your tax basis in your Common Shares and thereby increase the amount of capital gain (or decrease the amount of capital loss) realized upon a subsequent sale or redemption of such shares and reduce the amount of funds we have for investment in targeted assets.

We may fund our cash distributions to stockholders from any sources of funds available to us, including offering proceeds, borrowings, net investment income from operations, capital gains proceeds from the sale of assets, non-capital gains proceeds from the sale of assets, dividends or other distributions paid to us on account of preferred and common equity investments in portfolio companies and expense reimbursement waivers from the investment adviser or the administrator, if any. Our ability to pay distributions might be adversely affected by, among other things, the impact of one or more of the risk factors described in this registration statement. In addition, the inability to satisfy the asset coverage test applicable to us as a BDC may limit our ability to pay

 

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distributions. All distributions are and will be paid at the sole discretion of our Board and will depend on our earnings, our financial condition, maintenance of our RIC status, compliance with applicable BDC regulations and such other factors as our Board may deem relevant from time to time. We cannot assure you that we will continue to pay distributions to our common stockholders in the future. In the event that we encounter delays in locating suitable investment opportunities, we may pay all or a substantial portion of our distributions from the proceeds of our public offering or from borrowings in anticipation of future cash flow, which may constitute a return of your capital. A return of capital is a return of your investment, rather than a return of earnings or gains derived from our investment activities.

Our distributions to stockholders may be funded from expense reimbursements that are subject to repayment pursuant to our Expense Support and Conditional Reimbursement Agreement.

Substantial portions of our distributions may be funded through the reimbursement of certain expenses by our investment adviser and its affiliates. Any such distributions funded through expense reimbursements will not be based on our investment performance, and can only be sustained if we achieve positive investment performance in future periods and/or our investment adviser and its affiliates continue to make such reimbursements. Our future repayments of amounts reimbursed by our investment adviser or its affiliates will reduce the distributions that stockholders would otherwise receive in the future. The initial advancement of expenses or waiver of fees by our investment adviser and its affiliates pursuant to the Expense Support and Conditional Reimbursement Agreement may prevent or reduce a decline in NAV in the short term, and our reimbursement of these amounts may reduce NAV in the future. Further, there can be no assurance that we will achieve the performance necessary to be able to pay distributions at a specific rate or at all. Our investment adviser and its affiliates have no obligation to waive advisory fees or otherwise reimburse expenses in future periods.

We have not established any limit on the amount of funds we may use from available sources, such as borrowings, if any, or proceeds from this offering, to fund distributions (which may reduce the amount of capital we ultimately invest in assets).

Stockholders should understand that any distributions made from sources other than cash flow from operations or relying on expense reimbursement waivers, if any, from our investment adviser or our administrator are not based on our investment performance, and can only be sustained if we achieve positive investment performance in future periods and/or our investment adviser or our administrator continues to makes such expense reimbursements, if any. The extent to which we pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations will depend on various factors, including the level of participation in our distribution reinvestment plan, how quickly we invest the proceeds from this and any future offering and the performance of our investments. Stockholders should also understand that our future repayments to our investment adviser will reduce the distributions that they would otherwise receive. There can be no assurance that we will achieve such performance in order to sustain these distributions, or be able to pay distributions at all. Our investment adviser and our administrator have no obligation to waive fees or receipt of expense reimbursements, if any.

Our investment adviser and administrator each have the ability to resign on 120 days’ and 60 days’ notice, respectively, and we may not be able to find a suitable replacement within that time, resulting in a disruption in operations that could adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations.

Our investment adviser has the right under the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement to resign as our investment adviser at any time upon not less than 120 days’ written notice, whether we have found a replacement or not. Similarly, our administrator has the right under the Administration Agreement to resign at any time upon not less than 60 days’ written notice, whether we have found a replacement or not. If our investment adviser or administrator were to resign, we may not be able to find a new investment adviser or administrator, as applicable, or hire internal management with similar expertise and ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable terms within 120 days or 60 days, respectively, or at all. If we are unable to do so quickly, our

 

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operations are likely to experience a disruption, our financial condition, business and results of operations as well as our ability to pay distributions to our common stockholders are likely to be adversely affected and the market price of our shares may decline. In addition, the coordination of our internal management and investment or administrative activities, as applicable, is likely to suffer if we are unable to identify and reach an agreement with a single institution or group of executives having the expertise possessed by our investment adviser and administrator, as applicable. Even if we are able to retain a comparable service provider or individuals performing such services are retained, whether internal or external, their integration and lack of familiarity with our investment objectives may result in additional costs and time delays that may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition, if our investment adviser resigns or is terminated, we would lose the benefits of our relationship with Crescent, including the use of its communication and information systems, market expertise, sector and macroeconomic views and due diligence capabilities, as well as any investment opportunities referred to us by Crescent, and we would be required to change our name, which may have a material adverse impact on our operations.

Although we expect to adopt a share repurchase program, we have discretion to not repurchase your Common Shares, to suspend the program, and to cease repurchases.

We currently expect that the Board will adopt a share repurchase program beginning no later than the first full calendar quarter after we hold the first closing in the offering of Common Shares pursuant to this prospectus. Our Board may amend, suspend or terminate the share repurchase program at any time in its discretion. You may not be able to sell your Common Shares at all in the event our Board amends, suspends or terminates the share repurchase program, absent a liquidity event, and we currently do not intend to undertake a liquidity event, and we are not obligated by our charter or otherwise to effect a liquidity event at any time. We will notify you of such developments in our quarterly reports or other filings. If less than the full amount of Common Shares requested to be repurchased in any given repurchase offer is repurchased, funds will be allocated pro rata based on the total number of Common Shares being repurchased without regard to class. The share repurchase program has many limitations and should not be relied upon as a method to sell shares promptly or at a desired price.

The timing of our repurchase offers pursuant to our share repurchase program may be at a time that is disadvantageous to our common stockholders.

In the event a stockholder chooses to participate in our share repurchase program, the stockholder will be required to provide us with notice of intent to participate prior to knowing what the NAV per share of the class of shares being repurchased will be on the repurchase date. Although a stockholder will have the ability to withdraw a repurchase request prior to the repurchase date, to the extent a stockholder seeks to sell shares to us as part of our periodic share repurchase program, the stockholder will be required to do so without knowledge of what the repurchase price of our Common Shares will be on the repurchase date.

As a public company, we are subject to regulations not applicable to private companies, such as provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Efforts to comply with such regulations will involve significant expenditures, and non-compliance with such regulations may adversely affect us.

As a public company, we are subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the related rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC. Our management is required to report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We are required to review on an annual basis our internal control over financial reporting, and on a quarterly and annual basis to evaluate and disclose changes in our internal control over financial reporting. As a relatively new company, developing and maintaining an effective system of internal controls may require significant expenditures, which may negatively impact our financial performance and our ability to make distributions. This process also will result in a diversion of our management’s time and attention. We cannot be certain of when our evaluation, testing and remediation actions

 

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will be completed or the impact of the same on our operations. In addition, we may be unable to ensure that the process is effective or that our internal controls over financial reporting are or will be effective in a timely manner. In the event that we are unable to develop or maintain an effective system of internal controls and maintain or achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules, we may be adversely affected.

Our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until there is a public market for our Common Shares, which is not expected to occur.

We are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Common Shares less attractive to investors.

We will be and we will remain an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act until the earlier of (a) the last day of the fiscal year (i) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1 billion, or (ii) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our Common Shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the date of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and (b) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three- year period. For so long as we remain an “emerging growth company,” we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We cannot predict if investors will find our Common Shares less attractive because we will rely on some or all of these exemptions. If some investors find our Common Shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Common Shares and our share price may be more volatile.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We will take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards, which may make it more difficult for investors and securities analysts to evaluate us since our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates and may result in less investor confidence.

We may not be able to obtain all required state licenses.

We may be required to obtain various state licenses in order to, among other things, originate commercial loans. Applying for and obtaining required licenses can be costly and take several months. There is no assurance that we will obtain all of the licenses that we need on a timely basis. Furthermore, we will be subject to various information and other requirements in order to obtain and maintain these licenses, and there is no assurance that we will satisfy those requirements. Our failure to obtain or maintain licenses might restrict investment options and have other adverse consequences.

Compliance with the SEC’s Regulation Best Interest may negatively impact our ability to raise capital in this offering, which would harm our ability to achieve our investment objectives.

Broker-dealers must comply with Regulation Best Interest, which, among other requirements, enhances the existing standard of conduct for broker-dealers and establishes a “best interest” obligation for broker-dealers and their associated persons when making recommendations of any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities to a retail customer. The obligations of Regulation Best Interest are in addition to, and may be more restrictive than, the suitability requirements listed above. When making such a recommendation to a retail customer, a broker-dealer must, among other things, act in the best interest of the retail customer at the time

 

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a recommendation is made, without placing its interests ahead of its retail customer’s interests. A broker-dealer may satisfy the best interest standard imposed by Regulation Best Interest by meeting disclosure, care, conflict of interest and compliance obligations. In addition, broker-dealers are required to provide retail investors a brief relationship summary, or Form CRS, that summarizes for the retail investor key information about the broker-dealer. Form CRS is different from this prospectus, which contains detailed information regarding this offering and the Fund. Investors should refer to the prospectus for detailed information about this offering before deciding to purchase Common Shares.

Under Regulation Best Interest, high cost, high risk and complex products may require greater scrutiny by broker-dealers and their salespersons before they recommend such products. There are likely alternatives to us that are reasonably available to you, through your broker or otherwise, and those alternatives may be less costly or have lower investment risk. Among other alternatives, listed BDCs may be reasonable alternatives to an investment in our Common Shares, and may feature characteristics like lower cost, less complexity, and lesser or different risks. Investments in listed securities also often involve nominal or zero commissions at the time of initial purchase. Currently, there is no administrative or case law interpreting Regulation Best Interest and the full scope of its applicability on brokers participating in our offering cannot be determined at this time.

The impact of Regulation Best Interest on brokers participating in our offering cannot be determined at this time, but it may negatively impact whether brokers and their associated persons recommend this offering to retail customers. Such brokers and their associated persons may determine that Regulation Best Interest requires such brokers and their associated persons to not recommend the Fund to their customers because doing so may not be in the customers’ best interest, which would negatively impact our ability to raise capital in this offering. If Regulation Best Interest reduces our ability to raise capital in this offering, it would harm our ability to create a diversified portfolio of investments and achieve our investment objectives and would result in our fixed operating costs representing a larger percentage of our gross income.

Risks Relating to Our Investments

Price declines and illiquidity in the corporate debt markets may adversely affect the fair value of our portfolio investments, reducing NAV through increased net unrealized depreciation.

As a BDC, we are required to carry our investments at market value or, if no market value is ascertainable, at fair value as determined by our investment adviser, as the Board’s valuation designee, as described above in “—Risks Relating to our Business and Structure—Most of our portfolio investments will not be publicly traded and, as a result, the fair value of these investments may not be readily determinable.”

When an external event such as a purchase transaction, public offering or subsequent equity sale occurs, we use the pricing indicated by the external event to corroborate our valuation. While most of our investments are not publicly traded, applicable accounting standards require us to assume as part of our valuation process that our investments are sold in a principal market to market participants (even if we plan on holding an investment through its maturity). As a result, volatility in the capital markets can also adversely affect our investment valuations. We record decreases in the market values or fair values of our investments as unrealized depreciation. Declines in prices and liquidity in the corporate debt markets may result in significant net unrealized depreciation in our portfolio. The effect of all of these factors on our portfolio may reduce our NAV by increasing net unrealized depreciation in our portfolio. Depending on market conditions, we could incur substantial realized losses and may suffer additional unrealized losses in future periods, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Economic recessions or downturns could impair our portfolio companies, and defaults by our portfolio companies will harm our operating results.

Many of the portfolio companies in which we expect to make investments are likely to be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions and may be unable to repay their loans during such periods. Therefore, the

 

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number of our non-performing assets is likely to increase and the value of our portfolio is likely to decrease during such periods. Macroeconomic factors such as real GDP growth, consumer confidence, the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain disruptions, inflation, employment levels, oil prices, interest rates, tax rates, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and other macroeconomic trends can adversely affect customer demand for the products and services that our portfolio companies offer and may adversely impact their businesses or financial results. In addition, although we invest primarily in companies located in the United States, our portfolio companies may rely on parts or supplies manufactured outside the United States. As a result, any event causing a disruption of imports, including natural disasters, public health crises, or the imposition of import or trade restrictions in the form of tariffs or quotas could increase the cost and reduce the supply of products available to our portfolio companies, which may negatively impact their businesses or financial results.

Adverse economic conditions may also decrease the value of collateral securing some of our loans and debt securities and the value of our equity investments. If the value of collateral underlying our loan declines during the term of the loan, a portfolio company may not be able to obtain the necessary funds to repay the loan at maturity through refinancing. Decreasing collateral value may hinder a portfolio company’s ability to refinance our loan because the underlying collateral cannot satisfy the debt service coverage requirements necessary to obtain new financing. Thus, economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and assets. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase our funding costs, limit its access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. We consider a number of factors in making our investment decisions, including, but not limited to, the financial condition and prospects of a portfolio company and its ability to repay our loan. Unfavorable economic conditions could negatively affect the valuations of our portfolio companies and, as a result, make it more difficult for such portfolio companies to repay or refinance our loan. Therefore, these events could prevent us from increasing our investments and harm our operating results. A portfolio company’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, acceleration of the time when the loans are due, termination of the portfolio company’s loans and foreclosure on its assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize its ability to meet its obligations under the loans and debt securities that we hold. We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting portfolio company, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants. Furthermore, if one of our portfolio companies were to file for bankruptcy protection, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which we actually provide significant managerial assistance to that portfolio company, a bankruptcy court might re-characterize our debt holding and subordinate all or a portion of our claim to claims of other creditors, even though we may have structured our investment as senior secured debt.

In addition, the failure of certain financial institutions, namely banks, may increase the possibility of a sustained deterioration of financial market liquidity, or illiquidity at clearing, cash management and/or custodial financial institutions. The failure of a bank (or banks) with which we and/or our portfolio companies have a commercial relationship could adversely affect, among other things, our and/or our portfolio companies’ ability to pursue key strategic initiatives, including by affecting our or our portfolio company’s ability to access deposits or borrow from financial institutions on favorable terms. Additionally, if a portfolio company or its sponsor has a commercial relationship with a bank that has failed or is otherwise distressed, the portfolio company may experience issues receiving financial support from a sponsor to support its operations or consummate transactions, to the detriment of their business, financial condition and/or results of operations. In addition, such bank failure(s) could affect, in certain circumstances, the ability of both affiliated and unaffiliated co-lenders, including syndicate banks or other fund vehicles, to undertake and/or execute co-investment transactions with the Fund, which in turn may result in fewer co-investment opportunities being made available to the Fund or impact the Fund’s ability to provide additional follow-on support to portfolio companies. The ability of the Fund and portfolio companies to spread banking relationships among multiple institutions may be limited by certain contractual arrangements, including liens placed on our respective assets as a result of a bank agreeing to provide financing.

 

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Our portfolio companies may be unable to repay or refinance outstanding principal on their loans at or prior to maturity, and rising interests rates may make it more difficult for portfolio companies to make periodic payments on their loans.

Our portfolio companies may be unable to repay or refinance outstanding principal on their loans at or prior to maturity. This risk and the risk of default is increased to the extent that the loan documents do not require the portfolio companies to pay down the outstanding principal of such debt prior to maturity. In addition, if general interest rates rise, there is a risk that our portfolio companies will be unable to pay escalating interest amounts, which could result in a default under their loan documents with us. Any failure of one or more portfolio companies to repay or refinance its debt at or prior to maturity or the inability of one or more portfolio companies to make ongoing payments following an increase in contractual interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We will be subject to the risk that the debt investments we make in our portfolio companies may be repaid prior to maturity.

We expect that our investments will generally allow for repayment at any time subject to certain penalties. When such prepayment occurs, we intend to generally reinvest these proceeds in temporary investments, pending their future investment in accordance with our investment strategy. These temporary investments will typically have substantially lower yields than the debt being prepaid, and we could experience significant delays in reinvesting these amounts. Any future investment may also be at lower yields than the debt that was repaid. As a result, our results of operations could be materially adversely affected if one or more of our portfolio companies elects to prepay amounts owed to us. Additionally, prepayments could negatively impact our ability to pay, or the amount of, dividends on our Common Shares, which could result in a decline in the market price of our shares.

Inflation has adversely affected and may continue to adversely affect the business, results of operations and financial condition of our portfolio companies.

Certain of our portfolio companies may be in industries that have been, or are expected to be, impacted by inflation. Recent inflationary pressures have increased the costs of labor, energy and raw materials and have adversely affected consumer spending, economic growth and our portfolio companies’ operations. If such portfolio companies are unable to pass any increases in their costs of operations along to their customers, it could adversely affect their operating results and impact their ability to pay interest and principal on our loans, particularly if interest rates rise in response to inflation. In addition, any projected future decreases in our portfolio companies’ operating results due to inflation could adversely impact the fair value of those investments. Any decreases in the fair value of our investments could result in future realized or unrealized losses and therefore reduce our net assets resulting from operations. Additionally, the U.S. Federal Reserve has raised, and has indicated its intent to continue raising, certain benchmark interest rates in an effort to combat inflation. See “—We are exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates.”

We typically invest in middle-market companies, which involves higher risk than investments in large companies.

Our investment strategy focuses on investments in private middle-market companies. The Fund’s primary focus is to invest in companies with EBITDA of $35 million to $120 million; however, the Fund may invest in larger or smaller companies. Investment in private and middle-market companies involves a number of significant risks. Generally, little public information exists about these companies, and we will rely on the ability of Crescent’s investment professionals to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from investing in these companies. If we are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision and may lose money on our investments. Middle-market companies may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their loans and debt securities that we hold, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of our realizing any guarantees that it may have obtained in connection with our investment.

 

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In addition, such companies typically have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns. Additionally, middle-market companies are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons. Therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on one or more of the portfolio companies we invest in and, in turn, on us. Middle-market companies also may be parties to litigation and may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence. In addition, our executive officers, directors and our investment adviser may, in the ordinary course of business, be named as defendants in litigation arising from our investments in portfolio companies. What constitutes a middle-market company is not standardized in our industry, and our definition may differ from those of our competitors and other market participants. Additionally, the primary metric we use to identify middle-market companies, EBITDA, is based in part on qualitative judgement. Thus, our calculation of a company’s EBITDA may differ from those of other parties.

In addition, investment in middle-market companies involves a number of other significant risks, including:

 

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they typically have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns;

 

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they generally have less predictable operating results, may from time to time be parties to litigation, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence, and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position;

 

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changes in laws and regulations, as well as their interpretations, may adversely affect their business, financial structure or prospects; and

 

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they may have difficulty accessing the capital markets to meet future capital needs, which may limit their ability to grow or to repay their outstanding indebtedness upon maturity.

We may be the target of litigation.

Our investment activities subject it to litigation relating to the bankruptcy process and the normal risks of becoming involved in litigation by third parties. This risk is somewhat greater where we exercise control or significant influence over a portfolio company’s direction. Any litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources from our business and cause a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our investments may be risky and we could lose all or part of our investment.

The debt that we invest in is typically not initially rated by any rating agency, but we believe that if such investments were rated, they would be below investment grade (rated lower than “Baa3” by Moody’s Investors Service, lower than “BBB-” by Fitch Ratings or lower than “BBB-” by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services). Below investment grade securities have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Bonds that are rated below investment grade are sometimes referred to as “high yield bonds” or “junk bonds.” Therefore, our investments may result in an above average amount of risk and volatility or loss of principal. While the debt we invest in is often secured, such security does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the terms of the loan, or that the value of any collateral will be sufficient to allow us to recover all or a portion of the outstanding amount of the loan should we be forced to enforce our remedies.

Some of the loans in which we may invest directly or indirectly through investments in CDOs, CLOs or other types of structured entities may be “covenant-lite” loans, which means the loans contain fewer covenants

 

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than other loans (in some cases, none) and may not include terms which allow the lender to monitor the performance of the borrower and declare a default if certain criteria are breached. An investment by us in a covenant-lite loan may potentially hinder the ability to reprice credit risk associated with the issuer and reduce the ability to restructure a problematic loan and mitigate potential loss. We may also experience delays in enforcing our rights under covenant-lite loans. Furthermore, we will generally not have direct rights against the underlying borrowers or entities that sponsor CLOs, which means we will not be able to directly enforce any rights and remedies in the event of a default of a loan held by a CLO vehicle. As a result of these risks, our exposure to losses may be increased, which could result in an adverse impact on our net income and net asset value.

We also may invest in assets other than first and second lien and subordinated debt investments, including high-yield securities, U.S. government securities, credit derivatives and other structured securities and certain direct equity investments. These investments entail additional risks that could adversely affect our investment returns.

We may invest in high yield debt, or below investment grade securities, which has greater credit and liquidity risk than more highly rated debt obligations.

We may also invest in debt securities which will not be rated by any rating agency and, if they were rated, would be rated as below investment grade quality. Bonds that are rated below investment grade are sometimes referred to as “high yield bonds” or “junk bonds.” Below investment grade securities have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. They may also be illiquid and difficult to value.

Investments in equity securities, many of which are illiquid with no readily available market, involve a substantial degree of risk.

We may purchase common and other equity securities. Although common stock has historically generated higher average total returns than fixed income securities over the long-term, common stock also has experienced significantly more volatility in those returns. The equity securities we acquire may fail to appreciate and may decline in value or become worthless and our ability to recover our investment will depend on the underlying portfolio company’s success. Investments in equity securities involve a number of significant risks, including:

 

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any equity investment we make in a portfolio company could be subject to further dilution as a result of the issuance of additional equity interests and to serious risks as a junior security that will be subordinate to all indebtedness (including trade creditors) or senior securities in the event that the issuer is unable to meet its obligations or becomes subject to a bankruptcy process;

 

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to the extent that the portfolio company requires additional capital and is unable to obtain it, we may not recover our investment; and

 

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in some cases, equity securities in which we invest will not pay current dividends, and our ability to realize a return on our investment, as well as to recover our investment, will be dependent on the success of the portfolio company. Even if the portfolio company is successful, our ability to realize the value of our investment may be dependent on the occurrence of a liquidity event, such as a public offering or the sale of the portfolio company. It is likely to take a significant amount of time before a liquidity event occurs or we can otherwise sell our investment. In addition, the equity securities we receive or invest in may be subject to restrictions on resale during periods in which it could be advantageous to sell them.

There are special risks associated with investing in preferred securities, including:

 

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preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer. If we own a preferred security that

 

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is deferring its distributions, we may be required to report income for tax purposes before we receive such distributions;

 

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preferred securities are subordinated to debt in terms of priority to income and liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than debt;

 

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preferred securities may be substantially less liquid than many other securities, such as common stock or U.S. government securities; and

 

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generally, preferred security holders have no voting rights with respect to the issuing company, subject to limited exceptions.

Additionally, when we invest in first lien senior secured loans (including “unitranche” loans, which are loans that combine both senior and subordinated debt, generally in a first lien position), second lien senior secured loans or subordinated debt, we may acquire warrants or other equity securities as well. Our goal is ultimately to dispose of such equity interests and realize gains upon our disposition of such interests. However, the equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.

We may invest, to the extent permitted by law, in the equity securities of investment funds that are operating pursuant to certain exceptions to the Investment Company Act and in advisers to similar investment funds and, to the extent we so invest, will bear our ratable share of any such company’s expenses, including management and performance fees. We will also remain obligated to pay the management fee and incentive fees to our investment adviser with respect to the assets invested in the securities and instruments of such companies. With respect to each of these investments, each of our common stockholders will bear his or her share of the management fee and incentive fees due to our investment adviser as well as indirectly bearing the management and performance fees and other expenses of any such investment funds or advisers.

We may be subject to risks associated with syndicated loans.

From time to time, the Fund’s investments may consist of syndicated loans that were not originated by us or our investment adviser. Under the documentation for such loans, a financial institution or other entity typically is designated as the administrative agent and/or collateral agent. This agent is granted a lien on any collateral on behalf of the other lenders and distributed payments on the indebtedness as they are received. The agent is the party responsible for administering and enforcing the loan and generally may take actions only in accordance with the instructions of a majority or two-thirds in commitments and/or principal amount of the associated indebtedness. Accordingly, we may be precluded from directing such actions unless we or our investment adviser is the designated administrative agent or collateral agent or we act together with other holders of the indebtedness. If we are unable to direct such actions, we cannot assure you that the actions taken will be in our best interests.

There is a risk that a loan agent may become bankrupt or insolvent. Such an event would delay, and possibly impair, any enforcement actions undertaken by holders of the associated indebtedness, including attempts to realize upon the collateral securing the associated indebtedness and/or direct the agent to take actions against the related obligor or the collateral securing the associated indebtedness and actions to realize on proceeds of payments made by obligors that are in the possession or control of any other financial institution. In addition, we may be unable to remove the agent in circumstances in which removal would be in our best interests. Moreover, agented loans typically allow for the agent to resign with certain advance notice.

The disposition of our investments may result in contingent liabilities.

We currently expect that substantially all of our investments will involve loans and private securities. In connection with the disposition of an investment in loans and private securities, we may be required to make

 

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representations about the business and financial affairs of the portfolio company typical of those made in connection with the sale of a business. We may also be required to indemnify the purchasers of such investment to the extent that any such representations turn out to be inaccurate or with respect to potential liabilities. These arrangements may result in contingent liabilities that ultimately result in funding obligations that we must satisfy through its return of distributions previously made to us.

Our subordinated investments may be subject to greater risk than investments that are not similarly subordinated.

We may make subordinated investments that rank below other obligations of the borrower in right of payment. Subordinated investments are subject to greater risk of default than senior obligations as a result of adverse changes in the financial condition of the borrower or in general economic conditions. If we make a subordinated investment in a portfolio company, the portfolio company may be highly leveraged, and its relatively high debt-to-equity ratio may create increased risks that its operations might not generate sufficient cash flow to service all of its debt obligations.

There may be circumstances in which our debt investments could be subordinated to claims of other creditors or we could be subject to lender liability claims.

If one of our portfolio companies were to go bankrupt, even though we may have structured our interest as senior debt, depending on the facts and circumstances, a bankruptcy court might recharacterize our debt holding as an equity investment and subordinate all or a portion of our claim to that of other creditors. In addition, lenders can be subject to lender liability claims for actions taken by them where they become too involved in the borrower’s business or exercise control over the borrower. For example, we could become subject to a lender’s liability claim, if, among other things, we actually render significant managerial assistance.

We may hold the debt securities of leveraged companies.

Investment in leveraged companies involves a number of significant risks. Leveraged companies in which we invest may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their loans and debt securities that we hold. Such developments may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of our realizing any guarantees that it may have obtained in connection with our investment. Smaller leveraged companies also may have less predictable operating results and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance their expansion or maintain their competitive position.

Leveraged companies may experience bankruptcy or similar financial distress. The bankruptcy process has a number of significant inherent risks. Many events in a bankruptcy proceeding are the product of contested matters and adversary proceedings and are beyond the control of the creditors. A bankruptcy filing by a portfolio company may adversely and permanently affect the portfolio company. If the proceeding is converted to a liquidation, the value of the portfolio company may not equal the liquidation value that was believed to exist at the time of the investment. The duration of a bankruptcy proceeding is also difficult to predict, and a creditor’s return on investment can be adversely affected by delays until the plan of reorganization or liquidation ultimately becomes effective.

The administrative costs in connection with a bankruptcy proceeding are frequently high and would be paid out of the debtor’s estate prior to any return to creditors. Because the standards for classification of claims under bankruptcy law are vague, our influence with respect to the class of securities or other obligations that we own may be lost by increases in the number and amount of claims in the same class or by different classification and treatment. In the early stages of the bankruptcy process, it is often difficult to estimate the extent of, or even to identify, any contingent claims that might be made. In addition, certain claims that have priority by law (for example, claims for taxes) may be substantial.

 

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Our portfolio companies may incur debt or issue equity securities that rank equally with, or senior to, our investments in such companies.

Our portfolio companies may have, or may be permitted to incur, other debt, or issue other equity securities, that rank equally with, or senior to, our investments. By their terms, such instruments may provide that the holders are entitled to receive payment of dividends, interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments in respect of our investments. These debt investments would usually prohibit the portfolio companies from paying interest on or repaying our investments in the event and during the continuance of a default under such debt. Also, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a portfolio company, holders of securities ranking senior to our investment in that portfolio company typically are entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution in respect of our investment. After repaying such holders, the portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to us. In the case of securities ranking equally with our investments, we would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other security holders in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant portfolio company.

The rights we may have with respect to the collateral securing any junior priority loans we make to our portfolio companies may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements (including agreements governing “first out” and “last out” structures) that we enter into with the holders of senior debt. Under such an intercreditor agreement, at any time that senior obligations are outstanding, we may forfeit certain rights with respect to the collateral to the holders of the senior obligations. These rights may include the right to commence enforcement proceedings against the collateral, the right to control the conduct of such enforcement proceedings, the right to approve amendments to collateral documents, the right to release liens on the collateral and the right to waive past defaults under collateral documents. We may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if as a result our rights as junior lenders are adversely affected.

When we are a debt or minority equity investor in a portfolio company, we are often not in a position to exert influence on the entity, and other equity holders and management of the company may make decisions that could decrease the value of our investment in such portfolio company.

When we make debt or minority equity investments, we are subject to the risk that a portfolio company may make business decisions with which we disagree and the other equity holders and management of such company may take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve our interests. As a result, a portfolio company may make decisions that could decrease the value of our investment.

Our portfolio companies may be highly leveraged.

Some of our portfolio companies may be highly leveraged, which may have adverse consequences to these companies and to us as an investor. These companies may be subject to restrictive financial and operating covenants and the leverage may impair these companies’ ability to finance their future operations and capital needs. As a result, these companies’ flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions and to take advantage of business opportunities may be limited. Further, a leveraged company’s income and net assets will tend to increase or decrease at a greater rate than if borrowed money were not used.

Our management and incentive fee structure may create incentives for our investment adviser that are not fully aligned with our common stockholders’ interests and may induce our investment adviser to make speculative investments.

We have entered into the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement with our investment adviser, pursuant to which, we will pay management and incentive fees to our investment adviser. We intend to use leverage to make investments. Our investment adviser may have an incentive to use leverage to make additional investments as additional leverage would magnify positive returns, if any, on our portfolio, and the incentive fee

 

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would become payable to our investment adviser (i.e., exceed the hurdle amount) at a lower average return on our portfolio. Thus, if we incur additional leverage, our investment adviser may receive additional incentive fees without any corresponding increase (and potentially with a decrease) in the performance of our portfolio.

Additionally, under the incentive fee structure, our investment adviser may benefit when capital gains are recognized and, because our investment adviser will determine when to sell a holding, our investment adviser will control the timing of the recognition of such capital gains. As a result of these arrangements, there may be times when the management team of our investment adviser has interests that differ from those of our common stockholders, giving rise to a conflict. Furthermore, there is a risk our investment adviser will make more speculative investments in an effort to receive this payment. PIK interest and OID would increase our pre-incentive fee net investment income by increasing the size of the loan balance of underlying loans and increasing our assets under management and would make it easier for our investment adviser to surpass the hurdle amount and increase the amount of incentive fees payable to our investment adviser.

The part of the incentive fee payable to our investment adviser relating to our net investment income is computed and paid on income that may include interest income that has been accrued but not yet received in cash. This fee structure may give rise to a conflict of interest for our investment adviser to the extent that it encourages our investment adviser to favor debt financings that provide for deferred interest, rather than current cash payments of interest. Our investment adviser may have an incentive to invest in deferred interest securities in circumstances where it would not have done so but for the opportunity to continue to earn the incentive fee even when the issuers of the deferred interest securities would not be able to make actual cash payments to us on such securities. This risk could be increased because, under the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement, our investment adviser is not obligated to reimburse us for incentive fees it receives even if we subsequently incur losses or never receives in cash the deferred income that was previously accrued.

Our Board is charged with protecting our interests by monitoring how our investment adviser addresses these and other conflicts of interest associated with its services and compensation. While our Board is not expected to review or approve each investment decision or incurrence of leverage, our independent directors will periodically review our investment adviser’s services and fees as well as its portfolio management decisions and portfolio performance. In connection with these reviews, our independent directors will consider whether our investment adviser’s fees and expenses (including those related to leverage) remain appropriate.

We may invest, to the extent permitted by law, in the securities and instruments of other investment companies, including private funds, and, to the extent it so invests, bear its ratable share of any such investment company’s expenses, including management and performance fees. We also remain obligated to pay management and incentive fees to our investment adviser with respect to the assets invested in the securities and instruments of other investment companies. With respect to each of these investments, each of our common stockholders bears his or her share of the management and incentive fees of our investment adviser as well as indirectly bearing the management and performance fees and other expenses of any investment companies in which we invest.

Conflicts of interest may be created by the valuation process for certain portfolio holdings.

We make many of our portfolio investments in the form of loans and securities that are not publicly traded and for which no market-based price quotation is available. As a result, our investment adviser, as the Board of Directors’ valuation designee, will determine the fair value of these loans and securities as described above in “—Risks Relating to our Business and Structure—Most of our portfolio investments will not be publicly traded and, as a result, the fair value of these investments may not be readily determinable.” Each of the interested members of our Board has an indirect pecuniary interest in our investment adviser. The participation of our investment adviser’s investment professionals in our valuation process, and the pecuniary interest in our investment adviser by certain members of our Board, could result in a conflict of interest as our investment adviser’s management fee is based, in part, on the value of our net assets, and our incentive fees will be based, in part, on realized gains and realized and unrealized losses.

 

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Our investments in foreign companies may involve significant risks in addition to the risks inherent in U.S. investments.

Our investment strategy contemplates potential investments in foreign companies. Investing in foreign companies may expose us to additional risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These risks include changes in exchange control regulations, political and social instability, expropriation, imposition of foreign taxes (potentially at confiscatory levels), less liquid markets, less available information than is generally the case in the U.S., higher transaction costs, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, less developed bankruptcy laws, difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater price volatility.

Although we expect most of our investments will be U.S. dollar denominated, our investments that are denominated in a foreign currency will be subject to the risk that the value of a particular currency will change in relation to one or more other currencies. Among the factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation and political developments. We may employ hedging techniques to minimize these risks, but we cannot assure you that such strategies will be effective or without risk to us.

We may be subject to risks under hedging transactions and may become subject to risk if it invests in non-U.S. securities.

The Investment Company Act generally requires that 70% of our investments be in issuers each of whom is organized under the laws of, and has its principal place of business in, any state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands or any other possession of the United States. However, our portfolio may include debt securities of non-U.S. companies, including emerging market issuers, to the limited extent such transactions and investments would not cause us to violate the Investment Company Act. We expect that these investments would focus on the same secured debt, unsecured debt and related equity security investments that we make in U.S. middle-market companies and, accordingly, would be complementary to our overall strategy and enhance the diversity of our holdings. Investing in loans and securities of emerging market issuers involves many risks including economic, social, political, financial, tax and security conditions in the emerging market, potential inflationary economic environments, regulation by foreign governments, different accounting standards and political uncertainties. Economic, social, political, financial, tax and security conditions also could negatively affect the value of emerging market companies. These factors could include changes in exchange control regulations, political and social instability, expropriation, imposition of foreign taxes, less liquid markets and less available information than is generally the case in the United States, higher transaction costs, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, less developed bankruptcy laws, difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations or judgments or foreclosing on collateral, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater price volatility.

Engaging in either hedging transactions or investing in foreign loans and securities would entail additional risks to our common stockholders. We could, for example, use instruments such as interest rate swaps, caps, collars and floors and, if we were to invest in foreign loans and securities, we could use instruments such as forward contracts or currency options and borrow under a credit facility in currencies selected to minimize our foreign currency exposure. In each such case, we generally would seek to hedge against fluctuations of the relative values of our portfolio positions from changes in market interest rates or currency exchange rates. Hedging against a decline in the values of our portfolio positions would not eliminate the possibility of fluctuations in the values of such positions or prevent losses if the values of the positions declined. However, such hedging could establish other positions designed to gain from those same developments, thereby offsetting the decline in the value of such portfolio positions. Such hedging transactions could also limit the opportunity for gain if the values of the underlying portfolio positions increased. Moreover, it might not be possible to hedge against an exchange rate or interest rate fluctuation that was so generally anticipated that we would not be able to enter into a hedging transaction at an acceptable price.

 

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While we may enter into such transactions to seek to reduce currency exchange rate and interest rate risks, unanticipated changes in currency exchange rates or interest rates could result in poorer overall investment performance than if we had not engaged in any such hedging transactions. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used in a hedging strategy and price movements in the portfolio positions being hedged could vary. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, we might not seek to establish a perfect correlation between the hedging instruments and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Any such imperfect correlation could prevent us from achieving the intended hedge and expose us to risk of loss. In addition, it might not be possible for us to hedge fully or perfectly against currency fluctuations affecting the value of securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies because the value of those loans and securities would likely fluctuate as a result of factors not related to currency fluctuations.

We may not realize anticipated gains on the equity interests in which we invest.

When we invest in loans and debt securities, we may acquire warrants or other equity securities of portfolio companies as well. We may also invest in equity securities directly. To the extent we hold equity investments, we will attempt to dispose of them and realize gains upon such disposition. However, the equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, may decline in value. As a result, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.

Risks Relating to an Investment in Our Common Shares

If we are unable to raise substantial funds, then we will be more limited in the number and type of investments we may make, our expenses may be higher relative to our total assets, and the value of your investment in us may be reduced in the event our assets under-perform.

Amounts that we raise may not be sufficient for us to purchase a broad portfolio of investments. To the extent that less than the maximum number of Common Shares is subscribed for, the opportunity for us to purchase a broad portfolio of investments may be decreased and the returns achieved on those investments may be reduced as a result of allocating all of our expenses among a smaller capital base. If we are unable to raise substantial funds, we may not achieve certain economies of scale and our expenses may represent a larger proportion of our total assets.

We may have difficulty sourcing investment opportunities.

We cannot assure investors that we will be able to locate a sufficient number of suitable investment opportunities to allow us to deploy all investments successfully. In addition, privately negotiated investments in loans and illiquid securities of private middle market companies require substantial due diligence and structuring, and we cannot assure investors that we will achieve our anticipated investment pace. As a result, investors will be unable to evaluate any future portfolio company investments prior to purchasing our Common Shares. Additionally, our investment adviser will select our investments subsequent to this offering, and our common stockholders will have no input with respect to such investment decisions. These factors increase the uncertainty, and thus the risk, of investing in our Common Shares. To the extent we are unable to deploy all investments, our investment income and, in turn, our results of operations, will likely be materially adversely affected.

The due diligence process that our investment adviser undertakes in connection with our investments may not reveal all the facts that may be relevant in connection with an investment.

Our investment adviser’s due diligence may not reveal all of a company’s liabilities and may not reveal other weaknesses in its business. There can be no assurance that our due diligence process will uncover all relevant facts that would be material to an investment decision. Before making an investment in, or a loan to, a company, our investment adviser will assess the strength and skills of the company’s management team and

 

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other factors that it believes are material to the performance of the investment. In making the assessment and otherwise conducting customary due diligence, our investment adviser will rely on the resources available to it and, in some cases, an investigation by third parties. This process is particularly important and highly subjective with respect to newly organized entities because there may be little or no information publicly available about the entities. We may make investments in, or loans to, companies, including middle market companies, which are not subject to public company reporting requirements, including requirements regarding preparation of financial statements, and will, therefore, depend upon the compliance by investment companies with their contractual reporting obligations and the ability of our investment advisers’ investment professionals to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from investing in these companies. If we and our investment adviser are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision and may lose money on our investments. As a result, the evaluation of potential investments and the ability to perform due diligence on and effective monitoring of investments may be impeded, and we may not realize the returns that it expects on any particular investment. In the event of fraud by any company in which we invest or with respect to which we make a loan, we may suffer a partial or total loss of the amounts invested in that company.

An investment in our Common Shares will have limited liquidity.

Our shares constitute illiquid investments for which there is not, and will likely not be, a secondary market at any time prior to a public offering and listing of our Common Shares on a national securities exchange. There can be no guarantee that we will conduct a public offering and list our Common Shares on a national securities exchange. Investment in the Fund is suitable only for sophisticated investors and requires the financial ability and willingness to accept the high risks and lack of liquidity inherent in an investment in the Fund. Except in limited circumstances for legal or regulatory purposes, stockholders are not entitled to have their shares repurchased. Stockholders must be prepared to bear the economic risk of an investment in our Common Shares for an extended period of time. While we may consider a liquidity event at any time in the future, we currently do not intend to undertake a liquidity event, and we are not obligated by our charter or otherwise to effect a liquidity event at any time.

Certain investors will be subject to Exchange Act filing requirements.

Because our Common Shares will be registered under the Exchange Act, ownership information for any person who beneficially owns 5% or more of our Common Shares will have to be disclosed in a Schedule 13G or other filings with the SEC. Beneficial ownership for these purposes is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and includes having voting or investment power over the securities. In some circumstances, our common stockholders who choose to reinvest their dividends may see their percentage stake in the Fund increased to more than 5%, thus triggering this filing requirement. Each stockholder is responsible for determining its filing obligations and preparing the filings. In addition, our common stockholders who hold more than 10% of a class of our Common Shares may be subject to Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, which recaptures for the benefit of the Fund profits from the purchase and sale of registered stock (and securities convertible or exchangeable into such registered stock) within a six-month period.

Special considerations for certain benefit plan investors.

We intend to conduct our affairs so that our assets should not be deemed to constitute “plan assets” under ERISA and the Plan Asset Regulations. In this regard, until such time as all classes of our Common Shares are considered “publicly-offered securities” within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations, we intend to limit investment in each class of our Common Shares by “benefit plan investors” to less than 25% of the total value of each class of our Common Shares (within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations).

If, notwithstanding our intent, the assets of the Fund were deemed to be “plan assets” of any common stockholder that is a “benefit plan investor” under the Plan Asset Regulations, this would result, among other

 

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things, in (i) the application of the prudence and other fiduciary responsibility standards of ERISA to investments made by the Fund, and (ii) the possibility that certain transactions in which the Fund might seek to engage could constitute “prohibited transactions” under ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code. If a prohibited transaction occurs for which no exemption is available, our investment adviser and/or any other fiduciary that has engaged in the prohibited transaction could be required to (i) restore to the “benefit plan investor” any profit realized on the transaction and (ii) reimburse the Covered Plan (as defined below) for any losses suffered by the “benefit plan investor” as a result of the investment. In addition, each party in interest or disqualified person (within the meaning of Section 3(14) of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code) involved could be subject to an excise tax equal to 15% of the amount involved in the prohibited transaction for each year the transaction continues and, unless the transaction is corrected within statutorily required periods, to an additional tax of 100%. The fiduciary of a “benefit plan investor” who decides to invest in the Fund could, under certain circumstances, be liable for prohibited transactions or other violations as a result of its investment in the Fund or as co-fiduciary for actions taken by or on behalf of the Fund or our investment adviser. With respect to a “benefit plan investor” that is an IRA that invests in the Fund, the occurrence of a prohibited transaction involving the individual who established the IRA, or his or her beneficiaries, would cause the IRA to lose its tax-exempt status.

Until such time as all the classes of our Common Shares constitute “publicly traded securities” within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations, we have the power to (a) exclude any common stockholder or potential common stockholder from purchasing our Common Shares; (b) prohibit any redemption of our Common Shares; and (c) redeem some or all Common Shares held by any holder if, and to the extent that, our Board determines that there is a substantial likelihood that such holder’s purchase or ownership of Common Shares or the redemption of such holder’s Common Shares would result in our assets to be characterized as “plan assets,” for purposes of the fiduciary responsibility or prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, and all Common Shares of the Fund shall be subject to such terms and conditions.

Prospective investors should carefully review the matters discussed under “Restrictions on Share Ownership” and should consult with their own advisors as to the consequences of making an investment in the Fund.

No stockholder approval is required for certain mergers.

Our Board may undertake to approve mergers between us and certain other funds or vehicles. Subject to the requirements of the Investment Company Act and Maryland law, such mergers will not require stockholder approval so you will not be given an opportunity to vote on these matters unless such mergers are reasonably anticipated to result in a material dilution of the NAV per share of the Fund or are otherwise required to be approved under Maryland law. These mergers may involve funds managed by affiliates of our investment adviser. Subject to stockholder approval, the Board may also seek to convert the form and/or jurisdiction of organization, including to take advantage of laws that are more favorable to maintaining board control in the face of dissident stockholders.

Investing in our Common Shares may involve an above average degree of risk.

The investments we make in accordance with our investment objectives may result in a higher amount of risk than alternative investment options and volatility or loss of principal, including the risk that the investor may lose their entire investment. Our investments in portfolio companies may be highly speculative and aggressive and, therefore, an investment in our securities may not be suitable for someone with lower risk tolerance.

The NAV of our Common Shares, and liquidity, if any, of the market for our Common Shares may fluctuate significantly.

The capital and credit markets have experienced periods of extreme volatility and disruption over the past several years (including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic). The NAV for our Common Shares may be

 

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significantly affected by numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be directly related to our operating performance. These factors include:

 

•

price and volume fluctuations in the capital and credit markets from time to time;

 

•

changes in law, regulatory policies or tax guidelines, or interpretations thereof, particularly with respect to RICs or BDCs;

 

•

changes in accounting guidelines governing valuation of our investments;

 

•

loss of our RIC or BDC status;

 

•

loss of a major funding source;

 

•

our ability to manage our capital resources effectively;

 

•

changes in our earnings or variations in our operating results;

 

•

changes in the value of our portfolio of investments;

 

•

any shortfall in investment income or net investment income or any increase in losses from levels expected by investors or securities analysts;

 

•

departure of Crescent’s key personnel;

 

•

uncertainty surrounding the strength of the U.S. economy;

 

•

uncertainty between the U.S. and other countries with respect to trade policies, treaties, and tariffs;

 

•

global unrest;

 

•

the length and duration of the COVID-19 outbreak; and

 

•

general economic trends and other external factors.

Our common stockholders will experience dilution in their ownership percentage if they opt out of our distribution reinvestment plan.

All distributions declared in cash payable to stockholders that are participants in our distribution reinvestment plan are automatically reinvested in our Common Shares. As a result, our common stockholders that opt out of our distribution reinvestment plan will experience dilution in their ownership percentage of our Common Shares over time. See “Distribution Reinvestment Plan.”

Stockholders may be required to pay tax in excess of the cash they receive.

Under our distribution reinvestment plan, if a stockholder owns our Common Shares, the stockholder will have all cash distributions automatically reinvested in additional Common Shares unless such stockholder, or his, her or its nominee on such stockholder’s behalf, specifically “opts out” of the distribution reinvestment plan by delivering a written notice to the Plan Administrator, that is received by the Plan Administrator at least 10 days prior to the record date of the next distribution. If a stockholder does not “opt out” of the distribution reinvestment plan, that stockholder will be deemed to have received, and for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be taxed on, the amount reinvested in our Common Shares to the extent the amount reinvested was not a tax-free return of capital to the stockholder. As a result, a stockholder may have to use funds from other sources to pay U.S. federal income tax liability on the value of the Common Shares received. Even if a stockholder chooses to “opt out” of the distribution reinvestment plan, we will have the ability to declare a large portion of a dividend in our Common Shares instead of in cash in order to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement (as defined herein under the heading “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations—Election to Be Taxed as a RIC”). As long as a portion of this dividend is paid in cash and certain other requirements are met, the entire distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, a stockholder

 

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generally will be subject to tax on 100% of the fair market value of the dividend on the date the dividend is received by the stockholder in the same manner as a cash dividend, even though most of the dividend was paid in our Common Shares.

Our future credit ratings may not reflect all risks of an investment in our debt securities.

Our credit ratings are an assessment by third parties of our ability to pay our obligations. Consequently, real or anticipated changes in our credit ratings will generally affect the market value of our debt securities. Our future credit ratings, however, may not reflect the potential impact of risks related to market conditions generally or other factors discussed above on the market value of or trading market for the publicly issued debt securities.

General Risk Factors

Global economic, political and market conditions, including uncertainty about the financial stability of the United States, could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Downgrades by rating agencies to the U.S. government’s credit rating or concerns about its credit and deficit levels in general, could cause interest rates and borrowing costs to rise, which may negatively impact both the perception of credit risk associated with our debt portfolio and our ability to access the debt markets on favorable terms. In addition, a decreased U.S. government credit rating could create broader financial turmoil and uncertainty, which may weigh heavily on our financial performance and the value of our Common Shares.

Deterioration in the economic conditions in the Eurozone and globally, including instability in financial markets, may pose a risk to our business. In recent years, financial markets have been affected at times by a number of global macroeconomic and political events, including the following: large sovereign debts and fiscal deficits of several countries in Europe and in emerging markets jurisdictions, levels of non-performing loans on the balance sheets of European banks, the potential effect of any European country leaving the Eurozone, the potential effect of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union, and market volatility and loss of investor confidence driven by political events. Market and economic disruptions have affected, and may in the future affect, consumer confidence levels and spending, personal bankruptcy rates, levels of incurrence and default on consumer debt and home prices, among other factors. We cannot assure you that market disruptions in Europe, including the increased cost of funding for certain governments and financial institutions, will not impact the global economy, and we cannot assure you that assistance packages will be available, or if available, be sufficient to stabilize countries and markets in Europe or elsewhere affected by a financial crisis. To the extent uncertainty regarding any economic recovery in Europe negatively impacts consumer confidence and consumer credit factors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected.

The current global financial market situation, as well as various social and political circumstances in the U.S. and around the world, including wars and other forms of conflict, terrorist acts, security operations and catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, adverse effects of climate crisis and global health epidemics (including the COVID-19), may contribute to increased market volatility and economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. and worldwide. Additionally, the U.S. government’s credit and deficit concerns, the European sovereign debt crisis, and the potential trade war with China, could cause interest rates to be volatile, which may negatively impact our ability to access the debt markets on favorable terms.

Adverse developments in the credit markets may impair our ability to enter into new debt financing arrangements.

During the economic downturn in the United States that began in mid-2007, many commercial banks and other financial institutions stopped lending or significantly curtailed their lending activity. In addition, in an effort to stem losses and reduce their exposure to segments of the economy deemed to be high risk, some

 

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financial institutions limited refinancing and loan modification transactions and reviewed the terms of existing facilities to identify bases for accelerating the maturity of existing lending facilities. If these conditions recur, it may be difficult for us to enter into a new credit or other borrowing facility, obtain other financing to finance the growth of our investments, or refinance any outstanding indebtedness on acceptable economic terms, or at all.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine may have a material adverse impact on us and our portfolio companies.

On February 24, 2022, the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, announced a military invasion of Ukraine. In response, countries worldwide, including the United States, have imposed sanctions against Russia on certain businesses and individuals, including, but not limited to, those in the banking, import and export sectors. This invasion has led, is currently leading, and for an unknown period of time will continue to lead to disruptions in local, regional, national, and global markets and economies affected thereby. These disruptions caused by the invasion have included, and may continue to include, political, social, and economic disruptions and uncertainties and material increases in certain commodity prices that may affect our business operations or the business operations of our portfolio companies.

We may experience fluctuations in our quarterly operating results.

We could experience fluctuations in our quarterly operating results due to a number of factors, including the interest rate payable on the loans and debt securities we acquire, the default rate on such loans and securities, the level of our expenses, variations in and the timing of the recognition of realized and unrealized gains or losses, the degree to which we encounter competition in our markets and general economic conditions. In light of these factors, results for any period should not be relied upon as being indicative of performance in future periods.

We are dependent on information systems and systems failures could significantly disrupt our business, which may, in turn, negatively affect our liquidity, financial condition or results of operations.

Our business is dependent on our and third parties’ communications and information systems. Further, in the ordinary course of our business we or our investment adviser may engage certain third party service providers to provide us with services necessary for our business. Any failure or interruption of those systems or services, including as a result of the termination or suspension of an agreement with any third-party service providers, could cause delays or other problems in our business activities. Our financial, accounting, data processing, backup or other operating systems and facilities may fail to operate properly or become disabled or damaged as a result of a number of factors including events that are wholly or partially beyond our control and adversely affect our business. There could be:

 

•

sudden electrical or telecommunications outages;

 

•

natural disasters such as earthquakes, tornadoes and hurricanes;

 

•

disease pandemics;

 

•

events arising from local or larger scale political or social matters, including terrorist acts; and

 

•

cyber-attacks.

These events, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results and negatively affect the NAV of our Common Shares and our ability to pay dividends to our common stockholders.

We are highly dependent on information systems, and systems failures or cyber-attacks could significantly disrupt its business.

Our business is highly dependent on Crescent’s communications and information systems, to which we have access through our administrator. In addition, certain of these systems are provided to Crescent by third-party

 

74

service providers. Any failure or interruption of such systems, including as a result of the termination of an agreement with any such third-party service provider, could cause delays or other problems in our activities. This, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

Cybersecurity risks and cyber incidents may adversely affect our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of its confidential information and/or damage to its business relationships.

A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity or availability of our information resources. These incidents may be an intentional attack or an unintentional event and could involve gaining unauthorized access to our information systems for purposes of misappropriating assets, stealing confidential information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. The result of these incidents may include disrupted operations, misstated or unreliable financial data, liability for stolen information, misappropriation of assets, increased cybersecurity protection and insurance costs, litigation and damage to our business relationships. This could result in significant losses, reputational damage, litigation, regulatory fines or penalties, or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify its protective measures and to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures arising from operational and security risks. We face risks posed to our information systems, both internal and those provided to it by third-party service providers. We, our investment adviser and its affiliates have implemented processes, procedures and internal controls to help mitigate cybersecurity risks and cyber intrusions, but these measures, as well as our increased awareness of the nature and extent of a risk of a cyber-incident, may be ineffective and do not guarantee that a cyber-incident will not occur or that our financial results, operations or confidential information will not be negatively impacted by such an incident.

Third parties with which we do business (including those that provide services to us) may also be sources or targets of cybersecurity or other technological risks. We outsource certain functions and these relationships allow for the storage and processing of our information and assets, as well as certain investor, counterparty, employee and borrower information.

While we engage in actions to reduce our exposure resulting from outsourcing, ongoing threats may result in unauthorized access, loss, exposure or destruction of data, or other cybersecurity incidents, with increased costs and other consequences, including those described above. Privacy and information security laws and regulation changes, and compliance with those changes, may also result in cost increases due to system changes and the development of new administrative processes.

 

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ESTIMATED USE OF PROCEEDS

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to (1) make investments in accordance with our investment strategy and policies, (2) reduce borrowings and repay indebtedness incurred under various financing agreements we may enter into and (3) fund repurchases under our share repurchase program. Generally, our policy will be to pay distributions and operating expenses from cash flow from operations, however, we are not restricted from funding these items from proceeds from this offering or other sources and may choose to do so, particularly in the earlier part of this offering.

We will seek to invest the net proceeds received in this offering as promptly as practicable after receipt thereof, and in any event generally within 90 days of each subscription closing. However, depending on market conditions and other factors, including the availability of investments that meet our investment objectives, we may be unable to invest such proceeds within the time period we anticipate. Pending such investments, we will invest the net proceeds primarily in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high-quality short-term investments. These securities may earn yields substantially lower than the income that we anticipate receiving once we are fully invested in accordance with our investment objectives. As a result, we may not be able to achieve our investment objectives and/or pay any distributions during this period or, if we are able to do so, such distributions may be substantially lower than the distributions that we expect to pay when our portfolio is fully invested. If we do not realize yields in excess of our expenses, we may incur operating losses and the net asset value of our Common Shares may decline. See “Regulation—Temporary Investments” for additional information about temporary investments we may make while waiting to make longer-term investments in pursuit of our investment objectives.

We estimate that we will incur approximately $                million of initial organization and offering expenses (excluding the stockholder servicing and/or distribution fee) in connection with this offering, or approximately        % of the gross proceeds, assuming maximum gross proceeds of $                . Our investment adviser has agreed to advance all of our organization and offering expenses on our behalf pursuant to the Expense Support and Conditional Reimbursement Agreement. Any reimbursements will not exceed actual expenses incurred by our investment adviser and its affiliates.

The following tables set forth our estimate of how we intend to use the gross proceeds from this offering. Information is provided assuming that the Fund sells the maximum number of shares registered in this offering, or shares. The amount of net proceeds may be more or less than the amount depicted in the table below depending on the public offering price of our Common Shares and the actual number of shares we sell in this offering. The table below assumes that shares are sold at the current offering price of $                per share. Such amount is subject to increase or decrease based upon our NAV per share.

The following tables present information about the net proceeds raised in this offering for each class, assuming the maximum primary offering amount of $                . The tables assume that 1/3 of our gross offering proceeds are from the sale of Class S shares, 1/3 of our gross offering proceeds are from the sale of Class D shares and 1/3 of our gross offering proceeds are from the sale of Class I shares. The number of shares of each class sold and the relative proportions in which the classes of shares are sold are uncertain and may differ significantly from what is shown in the tables below. Because amounts in the following tables are estimates, they may not accurately reflect the actual receipt or use of the gross proceeds from this offering. Amounts expressed as a percentage of net proceeds or gross proceeds may be higher or lower due to rounding.

 

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The following table presents information regarding the use of proceeds raised in this offering with respect to Class S shares.

 

		Maximum Offering of $         in Class S Shares
Gross Proceeds(1)		$					100	%
Upfront Sales Load(2)							—	%
Initial Organization and Offering Expenses(3)		$						%
Net Proceeds Available for Investment		$						%

The following table presents information regarding the use of proceeds raised in this offering with respect to Class D shares.

 

		Maximum Offering of $         in Class D Shares
Gross Proceeds(1)		$					100	%
Upfront Sales Load(2)							—	%
Initial Organization and Offering Expenses(3)		$						%
Net Proceeds Available for Investment		$						%

The following table presents information regarding the use of proceeds raised in this offering with respect to Class I shares.

 

		Maximum Offering of $         in Class I Shares
Gross Proceeds(1)		$					100	%
Upfront Sales Load(2)							—	%
Initial Organization and Offering Expenses(3)		$						%
Net Proceeds Available for Investment		$						%

 

(1)

We intend to conduct a continuous offering of an unlimited number of Common Shares over an unlimited time period by filing a new registration statement prior to the end of the three-year period described in Rule 415 under the Securities Act; however, in certain states this offering is subject to annual extensions.

(2)

No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class S shares, Class D shares or Class I shares. However, if you buy Class S shares or Class D shares through certain selling agents, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that selling agents limit such charges to a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares and a 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares. Selling agents will not charge such fees on Class I shares. Subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation, we will pay the following stockholder servicing and/or distribution fees to the intermediary manager: (a) for Class S shares, a stockholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class S shares and (b) for Class D shares, a stockholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class D shares, in each case, payable monthly. The intermediary manager anticipates that all or a portion of the stockholder servicing and/or distribution fees will be retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating broker dealers. The total amount that will be paid over time for other underwriting compensation depends on the average length of time for which shares remain outstanding, the term over which such amount is measured and the performance of our investments. We will cease paying the stockholder servicing and/or distribution fee on the Class S shares and Class D shares on the earlier to

 

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occur of the following: (i) a listing of Class I shares, (ii) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets or (iii) the date following the completion of the primary portion of this offering on which, in the aggregate, underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with this offering, including the stockholder servicing and/or distribution fee and other underwriting compensation, is equal to 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering.

(3)

The organization and offering expense numbers shown above represent our estimates of initial expenses to be incurred by us in connection with this offering and include estimated wholesaling expenses reimbursable by us. See “Plan of Distribution” for examples of the types of organization and offering expenses we may incur.

 

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PLAN OF OPERATION

The information in this section contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Please see “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements. You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

Overview

We are an externally managed, non-diversified closed-end management investment company that has elected to be treated as a BDC under the Investment Company Act. Formed as a Maryland corporation on November 10, 2022, we are externally managed by our investment adviser, which is responsible for sourcing potential investments, conducting due diligence on prospective investments, analyzing investment opportunities, structuring investments and monitoring our portfolio on an ongoing basis. Our investment adviser is registered as investment adviser with the SEC. We also intend to elect to be treated, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a RIC under the Code.

We are externally managed by our investment adviser, Crescent Cap NT Advisors, LLC, an affiliate of Crescent, pursuant to our Investment Advisory and Management Agreement (as defined below). Our administrator, CCAP Administration LLC, an affiliate of Crescent, provides certain administrative and other services necessary for us to operate. CCAP Administration LLC has served as the administrator of CCAP, a publicly-traded BDC affiliated with the Fund, since 2015.

Our investment objectives are to generate current income and, to a lesser extent, long-term capital appreciation through debt and related equity investments. We invest primarily in directly originated assets, including first lien senior secured loans (including “unitranche” loans, which are loans that combine both senior and subordinated debt, generally in a first lien position), second lien senior secured loans, subordinated secured and unsecured loans, subordinated debt, which in some cases includes an equity component and preferred component and other types of credit instruments, made to or issued by U.S. middle-market companies. The Fund’s primary focus is to invest in companies with EBITDA of $35 million to $120 million; however, the Fund may invest in larger or smaller companies. The first and second lien senior secured loans generally have terms of five to eight years. In connection with our first and second lien senior secured loans, we generally receive security interests in certain assets of our portfolio companies that could serve as collateral in support of the repayment of such loans. First and second lien senior secured loans generally have floating interest rates, which may have interest rate floors, and also may provide for some amortization of principal and excess cash flow payments, with the remaining principal balance due at maturity. To a lesser extent, we may make investments in syndicated loans and other liquid credit investment opportunities, including in publicly traded debt instruments, for cash management purposes, while also presenting an opportunity for attractive investment returns. The credit instruments we may invest in include distressed securities, securitized products, notes, bills, debentures, bank loans, convertible and preferred securities, government and municipal obligations. The Fund may also invest in foreign instruments and illiquid and restricted securities. Under normal circumstances, we will invest at least 80% of our total assets (net assets plus borrowings for investment purposes) in private credit investments (loans, bonds and other credit instruments that are issued in private offerings or issued by private companies, and related equity securities (including equity securities added to debt instruments to make them more desirable, such as warrants or preferred equity securities, as well as investments in equity securities of issuers of loans, bonds or other credit instruments owned by us)). While most of our investments will be in private U.S. companies, we also expect to invest from time to time in non-U.S. companies (we generally have to invest at least 70% of our total assets in “qualifying assets,” including private U.S. companies). We believe that our liquid credit investments will help maintain liquidity to satisfy any share repurchases we choose to make in our sole discretion and manage cash before investing subscription proceeds into directly originated loans while also seeking attractive investment returns. We expect these investments to enhance our risk/return profile and serve as a source of liquidity for the

 

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Fund. Subject to the limitations of the Investment Company Act, we may invest in loans or other securities, the proceeds of which may refinance or otherwise repay debt or securities of companies whose debt is owned by other Crescent funds. From time to time, we may co-invest with other Crescent funds. See “Regulation—Co-Investment Exemptive Order.”

“First lien” investments are senior loans that have the benefit of a first-priority security interest on all existing and future assets of the issuer. The security interest ranks above the security interest of any second-lien lenders in those assets.

“Unitranche” investments are loans that may extend deeper in a company’s capital structure than traditional first lien debt and may provide for a waterfall of cash flow priority among different lenders in the unitranche loan. In certain instances, we may find another lender to provide the “first out” portion of such loan and retain the “last out” portion of such loan, in which case, the “first out” portion of the loan would generally receive priority with respect to payment of principal, interest and any other amounts due thereunder over the “last out” portion that we would continue to hold. In exchange for the greater risk of loss, the “last out” portion earns a higher interest rate.

“Second lien” investments are loans with a second priority lien on all existing and future assets of the portfolio company. The security interest ranks below the security interests of any first lien and unitranche lenders in those assets.

“Unsecured debt” investments are loans that generally rank senior to a borrower’s equity securities and junior in right of payment to such borrower’s other senior indebtedness.

To seek to enhance our returns, we intend to employ leverage as market conditions permit and at the discretion of our investment adviser, but in no event will leverage employed exceed the limitations set forth in the Investment Company Act, which currently allows us to borrow up to a 2:1 debt to equity ratio. We intend to use leverage in the form of borrowings, including loans from certain financial institutions and the issuance of debt securities. We may also use leverage in the form of the issuance of preferred stock, but do not currently intend to do so. In determining whether to borrow money, we will analyze the maturity, covenant package and rate structure of the proposed borrowings as well as the risks of such borrowings compared to our investment outlook. Any such leverage, if incurred, would be expected to increase the total capital available for investment by the Fund. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure—Our strategy involves a high degree of leverage. We intend to continue to finance our investments with borrowed money, which will magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and increases the risk of investing in us. The risks of investment in a highly leveraged fund include volatility and possible distribution restrictions.” To finance investments, we may securitize certain of our secured loans or other investments, including through the formation of one or more CLOs, while retaining all or most of the exposure to the performance of these investments. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure—We may form one or more CLOs, which may subject us to certain structured financing risks.”

See “Investment Objective and Strategies” for more information about our investment strategies. Our investments are subject to a number of risks. See “Risk Factors.”

Revenues

We plan to generate revenue in the form of interest income on debt investments, capital gains, and dividend income from our equity investments in our portfolio companies. Our senior and subordinated debt investments are expected to bear interest at a fixed or floating rate. Interest on debt securities is generally payable quarterly or semiannually.

Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis and includes the amortization of purchase discounts and premiums. Discounts and premiums to par value are accreted or amortized into interest income over the

 

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contractual life of the respective security using the effective yield method. The amortized cost of investments represents the original cost adjusted for the accretion and amortization of discounts and premiums, if any. Upon prepayment of a loan or debt security, any prepayment premiums, unamortized upfront loan origination fees and unamortized discounts are recorded as interest income.

Dividend income from common equity securities is recorded on the record date for private portfolio companies or on the ex-dividend date for publicly traded portfolio companies. Dividend income from preferred equity securities is recorded on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are payable by the portfolio company and are expected to be collected. Each distribution received from an equity investment is evaluated to determine if the distribution should be recorded as dividend income or a return of capital to the stockholder.

Generally, we will not record distributions from equity investments as dividend income unless there is sufficient current or accumulated earnings prior to the distribution. Distributions that are classified as a return of capital to stockholders are recorded as a reduction in the cost basis of the investment.

Certain investments have contractual PIK interest or dividends. PIK represents accrued interest or accumulated dividends that are added to the loan principal or cost basis of the investment on the respective interest or dividend payment dates rather than being paid in cash and generally becomes due at maturity or upon being called by the issuer. PIK is recorded as interest income, as applicable. If at any point we believe PIK is not expected to be realized, the investment generating PIK will be placed on non-accrual status. Accrued PIK interest or dividends are generally reversed through interest or dividend income, respectively, when an investment is placed on non-accrual status.

Expenses

The Fund’s primary operating expenses include the payment of management fees and incentive fees to our investment adviser under the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement, as amended, our allocable portion of overhead expenses under the Administration Agreement with our administrator and other operating costs described below. The management and incentive fees compensate our investment adviser for its work in identifying, evaluating, negotiating, closing and monitoring our investments. We bear all other out-of-pocket costs and expenses of our operations and transactions, including:

 

(a)

“organization and offering expenses” of the Fund associated with this offering, as provided for in Conduct Rule 2310(a)(12) of FINRA;

 

(b)

calculating the Fund’s net asset value (including the cost and expenses of any independent valuation firms or pricing services);

 

(c)

fees and expenses, including travel expenses, incurred by our investment adviser or payable to third parties, including agents, consultants or other advisors, in performing due diligence on prospective portfolio companies, monitoring the Fund’s investments (including the cost of consultants hired to develop technology systems designed to monitor the Fund’s investments) and, if necessary, enforcing the Fund’s rights;

 

(d)

costs and expenses related to the formation and maintenance of entities or special purpose vehicles to hold assets for tax, financing or other purposes;

 

(e)

expenses related to consummated and unconsummated portfolio investments including, without limitation any reverse termination fees and any liquidated damages, commitment fees that become payable in connection with any proposed investment that is not ultimately made, forfeited deposits or similar payments, including expenses relating to unconsummated investments that may have been attributable to co-investors had such investments been consummated;

 

(f)

debt servicing (including interest, fees and expenses related to the Fund’s indebtedness) and other costs arising out of borrowings, leverage, guarantees or other financing arrangements, including, but not limited to, the arrangements thereof;

 

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(g)

offerings of the Fund’s Common Shares and the Fund’s other securities;

 

(h)

costs of effecting sales and repurchases of the Fund’s Common Shares and other securities, if any;

 

(i)

the Base Management Fee and any Incentive Fee (each as defined in the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement);

 

(j)

dividends and other distributions on the Fund’s Common Shares;

 

(k)

administration fees and/or expenses payable to our administrator under the Administration Agreement;

 

(l)

fees payable, if any, under any distribution manager, intermediary manager or selected intermediary agreements;

 

(m)

fees payable under the Fund’s distribution and stockholder servicing plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act (the “Distribution and Stockholder Servicing Plan”)

 

(n)

fees and expenses incurred in connection with the services of representatives, depositories, paying agents, transfer agents, escrow agents, dividend agents, trustees, rating agencies and custodians;

 

(o)

the allocated costs incurred by our administrator in providing managerial assistance to those portfolio companies that request it;

 

(p)

other expenses incurred by our investment adviser, our administrator, any sub-administrator or the Fund in connection with administering its business, including payments made to third-party providers of goods or services and payments to our administrator that will be based upon the Fund’s allocable portion of overhead;

 

(q)

amounts payable to third parties, including representatives, depositories, paying agents, agents, consultants or other advisors, relating to, or associated with, evaluating, making and disposing of investments (excluding payments to third-party vendors for financial information services and costs associated with meeting potential sponsors);

 

(r)

fees and expenses associated with marketing efforts associated with the offer and sale of the Fund’s securities (including attendance at investment conferences and similar events);

 

(s)

brokerage fees and commissions;

 

(t)

federal, state and local registration fees, including those contemplated by the AIFM Directive (as defined in the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement) or any national private placement regime in any jurisdiction;

 

(u)

all costs of registration and qualifying the Fund’s securities pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC or any other regulatory authority, including those contemplated by the AIFM Directive or any national private placement regime in any jurisdiction;

 

(v)

federal, state and local taxes;

 

(w)

independent director fees and expenses;

 

(x)

costs associated with the Fund’s reporting and compliance obligations under the Investment Company Act, applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws, including compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the AIFM Directive or any national private placement regime in any jurisdiction (including any reporting required in connection with Annex IV of the AIFM Directive);

 

(y)

costs of preparing and filing reports or other documents required by governmental bodies (including the SEC) and any agency administering the securities laws of a state, and the compensation of professionals responsible for the foregoing;

 

(z)

costs associated with individual or group stockholders, including the costs of any reports, proxy statements or other notices to the Fund’s stockholders, including printing costs and the costs of investor relations personnel responsible for the foregoing and related matters;

 

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(aa)

costs of holding Board meetings and stockholder meetings, and the compensation of professionals responsible for the foregoing;

 

(bb)

the Fund’s fidelity bond;

 

(cc)

outside legal expenses;

 

(dd)

accounting expenses (including costs and fees of the Fund’s independent accounting firm and fees, disbursements and expenses related to the audit of the Fund and the preparation of the Fund’s tax information);

 

(ee)

directors and officers/errors and omissions liability insurance, and any other insurance premiums;

 

(ff)

costs incurred in connection with any claim, litigation, arbitration, mediation, government investigation or dispute, and indemnification and other non-recurring or extraordinary expenses;

 

(gg)

direct costs and expenses of administration and operation, including printing, mailing, long distance telephone, cellular phone and data service, copying, secretarial and other staff, audit and legal costs;

 

(hh)

dues, fees and charges of any trade association of which the Fund is a member;

 

(ii)

costs of hedging, including the use of derivatives by the Fund;

 

(jj)

costs associated with investor relations efforts;

 

(kk)

proxy voting expenses;

 

(ll)

costs of information technology and related costs, including costs related to software, hardware and other technological systems (including specialty and custom software);

 

(mm)

fees, costs and expenses of winding up and liquidating the Fund’s assets;

 

(nn)

costs of preparing financial statements and maintaining books and records; and

 

(oo)

all other expenses reasonably incurred by the Fund, our administrator or any sub-administrator in connection with administering the Fund’s business

With respect to (a) above, our investment adviser has agreed to advance all of our organization and offering expenses. For more information on our reimbursement of such expenses, see “—Expense Support and Conditional Reimbursement Agreement.” Any reimbursements will not exceed actual expenses incurred by our investment adviser and its affiliates.

From time to time, our investment adviser, our administrator, or their respective affiliates, may pay third-party providers of goods or services. We will reimburse our investment adviser, our administrator, or such affiliates thereof for any such amounts paid on our behalf. Each of our investment adviser or our administrator will waive its right to be reimbursed in the event that such reimbursements would cause any distributions to the Fund’s common stockholders to constitute a return of capital to stockholders. All of these expenses will ultimately be borne by the Fund’s common stockholders.

Expense Support and Conditional Reimbursement Agreement

We have entered into an Expense Support and Conditional Reimbursement Agreement (the “Expense Support Agreement”) with our investment adviser. Our investment adviser may elect to pay Expense Payments on our behalf, provided that no portion of an Expense Payment will be used to pay any interest expense or stockholder servicing and/or distribution fees of the Fund. Any Expense Payment that our investment adviser has committed to pay must be paid by our investment adviser to us or on behalf of us in any combination of cash or other immediately available funds no later than forty-five days after such election was made in writing by our investment adviser, and/or offset against amounts due from us to our investment adviser or its affiliates.

 

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Following any calendar month in which Available Operating Funds (as defined below) exceed the cumulative distributions accrued to the Fund’s stockholders based on distributions declared with respect to record dates occurring in such calendar month (the amount of such excess being hereinafter referred to as “Excess Operating Funds”), we shall pay such Excess Operating Funds, or a portion thereof, to our investment adviser until such time as all Expense Payments made by our investment adviser to or on behalf of the Fund within three years prior to the last business day of such calendar month have been reimbursed. Any payments required to be made by the Fund shall be referred to herein as a “Reimbursement Payment.” Reimbursement Payments are conditioned on (i) an expense ratio (excluding any management or incentive fee) that, after giving effect to the recoupment, is lower than the expense ratio (excluding any management or incentive fee) at the time of the fee waiver or expense reimbursement and (ii) a distribution level (exclusive of return of capital to stockholders, if any) equal to, or greater than, the rate at the time of the waiver or reimbursement. Available Operating Funds means the sum of (i) our net investment company taxable income (including net short-term capital gains reduced by net long-term capital losses), (ii) our net capital gains (including the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) and (iii) dividends and other distributions paid to us on account of investments in portfolio companies (to the extent such amounts listed in clause (iii) are not included under clauses (i) and (ii) above).

The Fund’s obligation to make a Reimbursement Payment shall automatically become a liability of the Fund on the last business day of the applicable calendar month, except to the extent our investment adviser has waived its right to receive such payment for the applicable month. Reimbursement Payments for a given Expense Payment must be made within three years prior to the last business day of the applicable calendar month. The expense support is measured on a per share class basis.

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

The primary uses of our cash and cash equivalents are for (1) investments in portfolio companies and other investments; (2) the cost of operations (including paying our investment adviser); (3) debt service, repayment, and other financing costs; and (4) cash distributions to the holders of our Common Shares. We expect to generate additional liquidity from (1) future offerings of securities, (2) future borrowings and (3) cash flows from operations, including investment sales and repayments as well as income earned on investments.

We intend to sell our Common Shares on a continuous basis at a per share price equal to the then-current NAV per share.

Sun Life Investment

In May 2023, we entered into the Subscription Agreement with Sun Life Assurance, an affiliate of Sun Life, for the Sun Life Investment. In June 2023, Sun Life Assurance subsequently transferred its undrawn capital commitment to BK Canada, an affiliate of Sun Life.

Pursuant to the Subscription Agreement, Sun Life Assurance committed to purchase Class I shares at an initial offering price of $25.00 per share, to be adjusted following the initial drawdown of the subscription to a price per share equal to the NAV per share as of the most recently completed month-end prior to the date of such drawdown. Under the Subscription Agreement, we intend to call all capital prior to closing on the sale of any shares pursuant to this prospectus.

Pursuant to the Subscription Agreement, as of the date of this prospectus, we have called an aggregate of $            , and in exchange therefore we have issued Class I shares to three stockholders, including the investment from our sole initial stockholder. We have not sold any Class S shares or Class D shares.

We commenced investment operations in May 2023 after we received initial capital from the Sun Life Investment. In connection with the commencement of our investment operations, the Investment Advisory and

 

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Management Agreement became effective and the base management fee and any incentive fees, as applicable, payable by us to our investment adviser under the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement began to accrue. Our investment adviser has agreed to waive its management and incentive fees until the initial closing for the offering of Common Shares pursuant to this prospectus. Proceeds from the Sun Life Investment are being invested in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective.

Net Worth of Sponsors

The NASAA, in its Omnibus Guidelines Statement of Policy adopted on March 29, 1992 and as amended on May 7, 2007 and from time to time (the “Omnibus Guidelines”), requires that our affiliates and investment adviser, or our Sponsor as defined under the Omnibus Guidelines, have an aggregate financial net worth, exclusive of home, automobiles and home furnishings, of the greater of either $100,000, or 5.0% of the first $20 million of both the gross amount of securities currently being offered in this offering and the gross amount of any originally issued direct participation program securities sold by our affiliates and sponsors within the past 12 months, plus 1.0% of all amounts in excess of the first $20 million. Based on these requirements, our investment adviser and its affiliates, while not liable directly or indirectly for any indebtedness we may incur, have an aggregate financial net worth in excess of those amounts required by the Omnibus Guidelines.

Critical Accounting Policies

This discussion of our expected operating plans is based upon our expected financial statements, which will be prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements will require our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Changes in the economic environment, financial markets and any other parameters used in determining such estimates could cause actual results to differ. In addition to the discussion below, we will describe our critical accounting policies in the notes to our future financial statements.

Investment Transactions

Investment transactions are recorded on the trade date. Realized gains or losses are measured by the difference between the net proceeds from the repayment or sale and the amortized cost basis of the investment using the specific identification method without regard to unrealized gains or losses previously recognized, and include investments charged off during the period, net of recoveries. Unrealized gains or losses primarily reflect the change in investment values, including the reversal of previously recorded unrealized gains or losses when gains or losses are realized.

Investments for which market quotations are readily available are typically valued at those market quotations. To validate market quotations, our investment adviser utilizes a number of factors to determine if the quotations are representative of fair value, including the source and number of the quotations. With respect to investments for which market quotations are not readily available, or for which market quotations are deemed not reflective of the fair value, our investment adviser, as the Board’s valuation designee, determines the fair value of the investments in good faith, based on, among other things, the fair valuation recommendations from investment professionals, the oversight of the Fund’s Audit Committee and independent third-party valuation firms. In addition, the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm obtains an understanding of, and performs select procedures relating to, the Fund’s investment valuation process within the context of performing the integrated audit.

As part of the valuation process for investments that do not have readily available market prices, the investment adviser may take into account the following types of factors, if relevant, in determining the fair value of the Fund’s investments: the enterprise value of a portfolio company (the entire value of the portfolio company to a market participant, including the sum of the values of debt and equity securities used to capitalize the enterprise at a point in time), the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company’s ability to

 

85

make payments and its earnings and discounted cash flow, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, a comparison of the portfolio company’s securities to any similar publicly traded securities, changes in the interest rate environment and the credit markets, which may affect the price at which similar investments would trade in their principal markets and other relevant factors. When an external event such as a purchase transaction, public offering or subsequent sale occurs, the investment adviser considers the pricing indicated by the external event to corroborate its valuation.

Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of the Fund’s investments may fluctuate from period to period. Additionally, the fair value of the Fund’s investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market existed for such investments and may differ materially from the values that the Fund may ultimately realize. Further, such investments are generally subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or otherwise are less liquid than publicly traded securities. If the Fund was required to liquidate a portfolio investment in a forced or liquidation sale, the Fund could realize significantly less than the value at which the Fund has recorded it. In addition, changes in the market environment and other events that may occur over the life of the investments may cause the gains or losses ultimately realized on these investments to be different than the unrealized gains or losses reflected in the valuations then assigned. All investments in securities are recorded at their fair value.

Interest Income Recognition

Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis and includes the accretion of discounts, amortization of premiums and PIK interest. Discounts from and premiums to par value on investments purchased are accreted/amortized into interest income over the life of the respective security using the effective yield method. To the extent loans contain PIK provisions, PIK interest, computed at the contractual rate specified in each applicable agreement, is accrued and recorded as interest income and added to the principal balance of the loan. PIK interest income added to the principal balance is generally collected upon repayment of the outstanding principal. To maintain the Fund’s status as a RIC, this non-cash source of income must be paid out to stockholders in the form of dividends for the year the income was earned, even though the Fund has not yet collected the cash. The amortized cost of investments represents the original cost adjusted for any accretion of discounts, amortization of premiums and PIK interest.

Loans are generally placed on non-accrual status when principal or interest payments are past due 30 days or more or when there is reasonable doubt that principal or interest will be collected in full. Accrued and unpaid interest is generally reversed when a loan is placed on non-accrual status. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans may be recognized as income or applied to principal depending upon management’s judgment regarding collectability. Non-accrual loans are restored to accrual status when past due principal and interest is paid current and, in management’s judgment, are likely to remain current. Management may determine to not place a loan on non-accrual status if the loan has sufficient collateral value and is in the process of collection.

Dividend Income Recognition

Dividend income from common equity securities is recorded on the record date for private portfolio companies or on the ex-dividend date for publicly traded portfolio companies. Dividend income from preferred equity securities is recorded on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are payable by the portfolio company and are expected to be collected. Each distribution received from an equity investment is evaluated to determine if the distribution should be recorded as dividend income or a return of capital to stockholders.

Generally, the Fund will not record distributions from equity investments as dividend income unless there is sufficient current or accumulated earnings prior to the distribution. Distributions that are classified as a return of capital to stockholders are recorded as a reduction in the cost basis of the investment.

 

86

Other Income

Other income may include income such as consent, waiver, amendment, agency, underwriting and arranger fees associated with the Fund’s investment activities. Such fees are recognized as income when earned or the services are rendered.

Distributions

To the extent that the Fund has taxable income available, the Fund currently intends to make monthly distributions to its stockholders. Distributions to stockholders are recorded on the record date. All distributions will be paid at the sole discretion of our Board and will depend on our earnings, financial condition, maintenance of our tax treatment as a RIC, compliance with applicable BDC regulations and such other factors as our Board may deem relevant from time to time.

Income Taxes

The Fund intends to elect to be treated as a RIC under the Code and operate in a manner so as to qualify for the tax treatment applicable to RICs. To qualify as a RIC, the Fund must (among other requirements) meet certain source-of-income and asset diversification requirements and timely distribute to its stockholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income, as defined by the Code, for each year. The Fund intends to make the requisite distributions to its stockholders, which will generally relieve the Fund from U.S. federal corporate-level income taxes.

Depending on the level of taxable income earned in a tax year, the Fund may choose to carry forward taxable income in excess of current year dividend distributions from such current year taxable income into the next tax year and pay a 4% excise tax on such income, as required. To the extent that the Fund determines that its estimated current year taxable income will be in excess of estimated dividend distributions for the current year from such income, the Fund accrues excise tax, if any, on estimated excess taxable income as such taxable income is earned.

The Fund may hold certain portfolio company investments through consolidated taxable subsidiaries. Such subsidiaries may be subject to U.S. federal and state corporate-level income taxes. These consolidated subsidiaries recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences between the tax basis of certain assets and liabilities and the reported amounts included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet using the applicable statutory tax rates in effect for the year in which any such temporary differences are expected to reverse.

Contractual Obligations

The Fund has entered into the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement with our investment adviser to provide the Fund with investment advisory services and an administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”) with our administrator to provide the Fund with administrative services. Payments for investment advisory services under our Investment Advisory and Management Agreement and reimbursements under our Administration Agreement are described in “Investment Advisory and Management Agreement and Administration Agreement.”

The Fund intends to establish one or more credit facilities or enter into other financing arrangements to facilitate investments and the timely payment of our expenses. It is anticipated that any such credit facilities will bear interest at floating rates at to-be-determined spreads over a specified reference rate, such as SOFR. The Fund cannot assure stockholders that the Fund will be able to enter into a credit facility on favorable terms or at all. In connection with a credit facility or other borrowings, lenders may require the Fund to pledge assets, commitments and/or drawdowns (and the ability to enforce the payment thereof) and may ask to comply with positive or negative covenants that could have an effect on our operations.

 

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The Fund expects to enter into commitments, including unfunded commitments, to fund various revolving and delayed draw senior secured and subordinated loans, including commitments to fund which are at (or substantially at) the Fund’s discretion. The Fund’s commitment to fund delayed draw loans will generally be triggered upon the satisfaction of certain pre-negotiated terms and conditions. Generally, the most significant and uncertain term requires the borrower to satisfy a specific use of proceeds covenant. The use of proceeds covenant typically requires the borrower to use the additional loans for the specific purpose of a permitted acquisition or permitted investment, for example. In addition to the use of proceeds covenant, the borrower is generally required to satisfy additional negotiated covenants (including specified leverage levels). To the extent we enter into unfunded commitment agreements, we expect to have a reasonable belief, at the time of entering into any such agreement, that we will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet our obligations with respect to all of our unfunded commitment agreements, in each case as they become due. To the extent we cannot meet this requirement, we will be required to treat unfunded commitments as derivatives transactions (and, in turn, leverage), which may limit our ability to use derivatives and increase our leverage.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the ordinary course of its business, the Fund is expected to enter into contracts or agreements that contain indemnifications or warranties. Future events could occur which may give rise to liabilities arising from these provisions against us. We believe that the likelihood of such an event is remote; however, the maximum potential exposure is unknown.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We will be subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates and the valuations of our investment portfolio. Uncertainty with respect to the economic effects of rising interest rates in response to inflation, the war in Russia and Ukraine and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic introduced significant volatility in the financial markets, and the effects of this volatility has materially impacted and could continue to materially impact our market risks, including those listed below. For additional information concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential impact on our business and our operating results, see “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure—Global economic, political and market conditions caused by the current public health crisis have (and in the future, could further) adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition and those of our portfolio companies.”

Investment Valuation Risk

We plan to invest in illiquid debt and equity securities of private companies. These investments will generally not have a readily available market price, and we will value these investments at fair value as determined in good faith by our investment adviser, as the Board’s valuation designee, in accordance with our valuation policy. There is no single standard for determining fair value in good faith. As a result, determining fair value requires that judgment be applied to the specific facts and circumstances of each portfolio investment while employing a consistently applied valuation process for the types of investments we make. If we were required to liquidate a portfolio investment in a forced or liquidation sale, we may realize amounts that are different from the amounts presented and such differences could be material. See “Determination of Net Asset Value” for more detail.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate sensitivity refers to the change in earnings that may result from changes in the level of interest rates. We plan to fund a portion of our investments with borrowings and our net investment income will be affected by the difference between the rate at which we invest and the rate at which we borrow. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income.

 

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We will regularly measure our exposure to interest rate risk. We will assess interest rate risk and manage our interest rate exposure on an ongoing basis by comparing our interest rate-sensitive assets to our interest rate-sensitive liabilities. Based on that review, we will determine whether or not any hedging transactions are necessary to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates.

See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure—We are exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates.”

 

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INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND STRATEGIES

We were formed on November 10, 2022, as a Maryland corporation. We were organized to invest primarily in directly originated assets, including debt securities and related equity investments, made to or issued by U.S. middle-market companies. The Fund’s primary focus is to invest in companies with EBITDA of $35 million to $120 million; however, the Fund may invest in larger or smaller companies. To a lesser extent, we may make investments in syndicated loans and other liquid credit opportunities, including in publicly traded debt instruments, for cash management purposes, while also presenting an opportunity for attractive investment returns.

We have filed an election to be regulated as a BDC under the Investment Company Act. We also intend to elect to be treated as soon as reasonably practical, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As a BDC and a RIC, we will be required to comply with certain regulatory requirements.

Our investment objectives are to maximize the total return to our stockholders in the form of current income and, to a lesser extent, long-term capital appreciation through debt and related equity investments. We seek to meet our investment objectives by:

 

•

utilizing the experience and expertise of the management team of the investment adviser, along with the broader resources of Crescent, in sourcing, evaluating and structuring transactions,

 

•

employing an investment approach focused on long-term credit performance and principal protection, generally investing in loans with loan-to-value metrics and interest coverage ratios that the investment adviser believes provide substantial credit protection, and also seeking favorable financial protections, including, where the investment adviser believes necessary, more restrictive covenants;

 

•

focusing primarily on loans and securities of middle-market private U.S. borrowers who seek access to financing and who historically relied heavily on bank lending or capital markets. We believe this opportunity set generates favorable pricing and more rigorous structural protections relative to that offered by investments in the broadly syndicated markets. From time to time, we may also invest in loans and debt securities issued by corporate borrowers outside of the middle-market private borrower space to the extent we believe such investments enhance the overall risk/return profile for our common stockholders and help us meet our investment objectives; and

 

•

maintaining rigorous portfolio monitoring in an attempt to mitigate negative credit events within our portfolio.

Our investment philosophy emphasizes capital preservation through credit selection and risk mitigation. We expect our targeted portfolio to provide downside protection through conservative capital structures with meaningful cash flow and interest coverage, priority in the capital structure and information requirements.

Under normal circumstances, we will invest at least 80% of our total assets (net assets plus borrowings for investment purposes) in private credit investments (loans, bonds and other credit instruments that are issued in private offerings or issued by private companies, and related equity securities (including equity securities added to debt instruments to make them more desirable, such as warrants or preferred equity securities, as well as investments in equity securities of issuers of loans, bonds or other credit instruments owned by us)).

Most of our investments will be in private U.S. companies (we generally have to invest at least 70% of our total assets in “qualifying assets,” including privately-offered loans, equity and debt securities issued by private U.S. companies or certain public companies), but, we also expect to invest to some extent in non-U.S. companies, but we do not expect to invest in emerging markets. We believe that our liquid credit investments will help maintain liquidity to satisfy any share repurchases we choose to make in our sole discretion and manage cash before investing subscription proceeds into directly originated loans while also seeking attractive investment returns. We expect these investments to enhance our risk/return profile and serve as a source of liquidity for the Fund.

 

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We invest primarily in directly originated assets, including first lien senior secured and unitranche loans, second lien senior secured loans, subordinated secured and unsecured loans, subordinated debt, which in some cases includes an equity component and preferred component and other types of credit instruments, made to or issued by U.S. middle-market companies. The first and second lien senior secured loans generally have terms of five to eight years. In connection with our first and second lien senior secured loans, we generally receive security interests in certain assets of our portfolio companies that could serve as collateral in support of the repayment of such loans. First and second lien senior secured loans generally have floating interest rates, which may have interest rate floors, and also may provide for some amortization of principal and excess cash flow payments, with the remaining principal balance due at maturity. To a lesser extent, we may make investments in syndicated loans and other liquid credit investment opportunities, including in publicly traded debt instruments, for cash management purposes, while also presenting an opportunity for attractive investment returns. For purposes of our investment strategy, “credit instruments” may include distressed securities, securitized products, notes, bills, debentures, bank loans, convertible and preferred securities, government and municipal obligations. The Fund may also invest in foreign instruments and illiquid and restricted securities. Our portfolio of credit instruments may also include equity interests such as common stock, preferred stock, warrants or options, which generally would be obtained as part of providing a broader financing solution.

Most of the debt investments we invest in are unrated or rated below investment grade, which is often an indication of size, credit worthiness and speculative nature relative to the capacity of the borrower to pay interest and principal. Bonds that are rated below investment grade are sometimes referred to as “high yield bonds” or “junk bonds.” Generally, if our unrated investments were rated, they would be rated below investment grade. Below investment grade securities have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. They may also be difficult to value and are illiquid.

We may, but are not required to, enter into interest rate, foreign exchange or other derivative agreements to hedge interest rate, currency, credit or other risks, but we do not generally intend to enter into any such derivative agreements for speculative purposes. Any derivative agreements entered into for speculative purposes are not expected to be material to the Fund’s business or results of operations. These hedging activities, which will be in compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, may include the use of futures, options, currency options, forward contracts, interest rate swaps, caps, collars and floors. We will bear the costs incurred in connection with entering into, administering and settling any such derivative contracts. There can be no assurance any hedging strategy we employ will be successful.

We intend to borrow funds to make additional investments. We will use this practice, which is known as “leverage,” to attempt to increase returns to our common stockholders, but it involves significant risks. A BDC generally will be permitted, under specified conditions, to issue multiple classes of indebtedness and one class of stock senior to its common stock if its asset coverage, as defined in the Investment Company Act, would at least be equal to 200% immediately after each such issuance. Additionally, certain provisions of the Investment Company Act allow a BDC to increase the maximum amount of leverage it may incur by reducing the asset coverage ratio of 200% to an asset coverage ratio of 150% if certain requirements are met. The reduced asset coverage requirement permits a BDC to borrow up to two dollars for every dollar it has in assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities issued by it. We may also use leverage in the form of the issuance of preferred shares, but do not currently intend to. Crescent, as our sole initial stockholder, has approved a proposal that allows us to reduce our asset coverage ratio to 150%. The amount of leverage that we employ at any particular time will depend on our investment adviser’s and our Board’s assessments of market and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure—Our strategy involves a high degree of leverage. We intend to continue to finance our investments with borrowed money, which will magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and increases the risk of investing in us. The risks of investment in a highly leveraged fund include volatility and possible distribution restrictions” and “Regulation—Indebtedness and Senior Securities.”

We currently intend to pay regular monthly distributions commencing with the first full calendar month after we hold the first closing in the offering of Common Shares pursuant to this prospectus. However, any

 

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distributions we make will be at the sole discretion of our Board, which will consider factors such as our earnings, cash flow, capital needs and general financial condition and the requirements of Maryland law. As a result, our distribution rates and payment frequency may vary from time to time.

Our investments are subject to a number of risks. See “Risk Factors.”

Our Investment Adviser and Our Administrator

The Fund’s investment activities are managed by Crescent Cap NT Advisors, LLC, an affiliate of Crescent and an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”). Our investment adviser is responsible for originating prospective investments, conducting research and due diligence investigations on potential investments, analyzing investment opportunities, negotiating and structuring our investments and monitoring our investments and portfolio companies on an ongoing basis. Our administrator, CCAP Administration LLC, an affiliate of Crescent, provides certain administrative and other services necessary for us to operate. Our administrator, CCAP Administration LLC, has served as the administrator of CCAP, a publicly-traded BDC affiliated with the Fund, since 2015.

Crescent is a global credit investment manager with over $40 billion of assets under management. Crescent Capital Corporation, a predecessor to the business of Crescent, was formed in 1991 by Mark Attanasio and Jean-Marc Chapus as an asset management firm specializing in below-investment grade debt securities. With its headquarters in Los Angeles, Crescent has over 200 employees based in five offices in the U.S. and Europe. Messrs. Attanasio and Chapus head Crescent’s management committee, which oversees all of Crescent’s operations. On January 5, 2021, Sun Life Financial Inc. (together with its subsidiaries and joint ventures, “Sun Life”) acquired a majority interest in Crescent (the “Sun Life Transaction”). There were no changes to our investment objectives, strategies and process or to the Crescent team responsible for the investment operations as a result of the Sun Life Transaction.

Our objective is to bring Crescent’s leading credit investment platform to the non-exchange traded BDC industry.

Market Opportunity

We believe that current and future market conditions will present attractive opportunities for us to invest in liquid and illiquid credit. We believe the below investment grade fixed income universe is inherently less efficient and less well serviced than other parts of the capital markets, ratings are less predictive of risk, the number of participants is limited, and the companies issuing debt require a more deliberate and focused investment underwriting. Private credit as an asset class has grown considerably since the global financial crisis of 2008. We expect this growth to continue and, along with the factors outlined below, to provide a robust backdrop to what Crescent believes will be a significant number of attractive investment opportunities aligned to our investment strategy.

Attractive Opportunities in Senior Secured Loans. We believe that opportunities in senior secured loans are significant because of the strong defensive characteristics of this asset class. While there is inherent risk in investing in any securities, senior secured loans benefit from their priority position, typically sitting as the most senior obligation in an issuer’s or borrower’s capital structure. Senior secured loans generally consist of floating rate cash interest payments that Crescent believes can be an attractive return attribute in a rising interest rate environment. In addition to a current income component, senior secured loans typically include original issue discount, closing payments, commitment fees, SOFR (or other benchmark interest rate) floors, call protection, and/or prepayment penalties and related fees that are additive components of total return. The seniority and security of a senior secured loan, coupled with the privately negotiated nature of direct lending, are helpful mitigants in reducing downside risk. Further, these investments are secured by the issuer’s or borrower’s assets, and often have restrictive covenants for the purpose of additional principal protection and ensuring repayment

 

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before junior creditors. These attributes have contributed to the comparatively strong record of recovery after a default, as senior secured loans have historically demonstrated a higher recovery rate than unsecured parts of an issuer’s capital structure.

Large and Growing Target Market. According to the NCMM, there were nearly 200,000 middle market companies in the United States with annual revenues between $10 million and $1 billion as of December 31, 2022. This market, which employs approximately 48 million people and represents one-third of private sector GDP in the United States, has generated a significant number of investment opportunities for investment vehicles advised by Crescent and its affiliates over the past three decades, and we believe that this market segment will continue to produce significant investment opportunities for us.

Consistent, Strong Leveraged Buyout Volumes Driving Demand. Leveraged buyout transaction volume in the United States has experienced significant growth over the past decade:

 

Source: LCD, a part of PitchBook.

We believe that the private equity markets will remain active, in part due to the significant amount of uninvested capital available to private equity funds. According to Preqin, as of December 31, 2022, private equity funds globally had approximately $939 billion of capital available for new investments. This large pool of private equity capital will be used for future investments, which will require debt financing. The potential for a significant amount of private equity investment activity comes at a time when Crescent believes that the supply of private debt fund capital, while growing, is relatively limited. The amount of private debt fund capital

 

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available globally as of December 31, 2022 was approximately $265 billion, representing just under 30% of the available private equity capital, as illustrated in the chart below.

 

 

Source: Preqin.

Increasing activity in the leveraged buyout market suggests greater demand for various forms of private, direct debt solutions. We believe that the current levels of private equity activity present attractive investment opportunities for middle-market lenders with dedicated pools of committed capital to deploy, and Crescent’s ability to compete for these opportunities on the basis of size, certainty of execution and deep relationships with hundreds of private equity sponsors, affords us advantages.

Sponsor-Backed Middle Market Companies Attracted to Private Credit Solutions. Private equity firms continue to allocate an increasing share of their financings to direct lenders over the syndicated debt markets. As private credit has grown in size, the ability to commit to and hold larger debt tranches has led to market share gains. One driver of the market share gains is due to the fact that private credit typically provides for greater certainty of execution, particularly in periods of market volatility, relative to the syndicated credit markets, with one or more

 

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private credit lenders committing to an entire tranche and / or capital structure, significantly reducing the market risk typically associated with a broadly syndicated deal.

 

 

Source: S&P Capital IQ, LCD, Refinitiv.

Competitive Strengths

We believe that we have the following competitive advantages over other capital providers:

 

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The Crescent Platform. Since 1991, Crescent has been focused on and is a leading investor and credit manager in the below-investment grade credit markets. Crescent’s experience and performance across its investment strategies has earned the Firm recognition and a reputation as a leading, reliable and creative provider of below-investment grade secured and unsecured debt capital solutions. We believe that the breadth of Crescent’s over $40 billion platform is a distinct strength when sourcing proprietary investment opportunities, providing access to an extensive network of relationships and insights into industry trends and the state of the capital markets. The Fund’s affiliation with Crescent provides a distinct competitive advantage across the credit spectrum through Crescent’s market presence, scale, origination capabilities and experience investing in private credit. Crescent’s private credit strategies have collectively invested over $35 billion across more than 550 transactions since inception, with a primary focus on partnering with private equity firms on new opportunities. Over its history, Crescent’s Private Credit Team has:

 

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Reviewed over 16,000 transactions

 

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Originated opportunities from over 1,200 unique private equity firms, and

 

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Closed one or more debt financings with over 250 unique private equity firms

Crescent also leverages market information, company knowledge and industry insight to enhance its ability to select liquid and illiquid credit assets for the Fund. Crescent’s professionals maintain extensive financial sponsor and intermediary relationships, which provide valuable insight and access to transactions and information.

 

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Scale and Tenure in the Credit Markets. As a large institution exclusively focused on below investment grade credit, Crescent has closed one or more deals with over 250 private equity firms. We believe Crescent is known as a reliable counterparty with valuable and focused expertise, which

 

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provides Crescent with access to investment opportunities not broadly available to other market participants. Crescent is also one of the largest U.S. direct lenders and liquid credit managers, which makes it a desirable and flexible capital provider, especially in competitive markets. We believe Crescent’s scale and experience enables it to identify attractive investment opportunities throughout economic cycles and across a company’s capital structure so we can make investments consistent with our stated investment objectives. Given its focus on capital preservation, Crescent has been entrusted with third party capital to invest across the below investment grade corporate credit landscape for over three decades and across numerous market cycles:

 

 

 

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Seasoned and Integrated Investment Team. We believe the depth of the experience of Crescent’s senior management team, together with the wider resources of Crescent’s team of investment professionals, which is dedicated to identifying, originating, investing in and managing a portfolio of credit investments, is one of Crescent’s key strengths when sourcing and analyzing investment opportunities. Within Crescent, there are 110 dedicated investment professionals, including the 80+ person Private Credit Team. Senior investment professionals on the Private Credit Team average over 20 years of relevant industry experience and over 10 years at Crescent.

 

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Established, Research-Focused Investment Process. With over three decades of experience of investing in below investment grade credit, Crescent has developed an extensive investment review process, seeking to achieve attractive risk adjusted returns while minimizing losses. Crescent’s investment approach seeks to combine a rigorous analysis of macroeconomic and market factors with a deep understanding of individual companies and their respective industries, management and prospects. We believe Crescent’s disciplined investment approach is distinguished by the following:

 

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Credit-Focused Due Diligence. Crescent’s investment process and the depth and experience of its investment team allow it to conduct thorough due diligence necessary to identify and appropriately evaluate risks and opportunities. Crescent’s disciplined approach is focused on

 

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identifying sustainable businesses with leading and defensible market positions, strong, and properly incentivized management teams, solid liquidity and free cash flow generation, and appropriate capital structures. Evaluation of investment opportunities begins with fundamental credit-focused company and industry research and, in Crescent’s private fund strategies, culminates in a formal review by the respective investment committees.

 

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Ability to Structure Investments Creatively. Crescent has extensive experience investing across the capital structure of portfolio companies. The resulting investments include secured and unsecured debt, including senior notes, subordinated debt and related equity securities. Furthermore, we believe that Crescent can structure attractively priced debt investments which allow for the incorporation of other return-enhancing mechanisms such as commitment fees, original issue discounts, early redemption premiums, PIK interest or some form of equity securities.

 

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Active Portfolio Monitoring. Crescent actively monitors the credit profile of portfolio investments, with the aim of proactively identifying sector and operational issues and carefully managing risks. Crescent regularly receives monthly and/or quarterly financial and operating reporting metrics from its portfolio companies as well as typically engages in direct dialogue with the management team and private equity sponsor.

 

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Long-Term Investment Horizon. Our long-term investment horizon gives us great flexibility, which we believe allows us to maximize returns on our investments. Unlike most private equity and venture capital funds, as well as many private debt funds, we will not be required to return capital to our common stockholders once we exit a portfolio investment. We believe that freedom from such capital return requirements, which allows us to invest using a long-term lens, provides us with an attractive opportunity to increase total returns on invested capital.

 

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Track Record of Strong Capital Preservation. Capital preservation is a core component of Crescent’s investment philosophy. In addition to its focus on sustainable businesses, Crescent employs a highly selective and rigorous diligence and investment evaluation process focused on identification of potential risks. Crescent believes tight credit structuring is a fundamental part of the risk and recovery calculus, as the illiquidity in private credit means that secondary market liquidity is not a reliable risk mitigant. This philosophy has translated into what we believe to be one of the strongest track records in the private credit space. Since inception, Crescent’s Credit Solutions (1992) (formerly known as “Mezzanine”), CCAP (2015), Direct Lending (2005) and European Specialty Lending strategies (2014) (collectively, “Crescent Private Credit”) have experienced historical net loss ratios of less than 20 basis points, 12 basis points, 5 basis points and 0 basis points, respectively.

 

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Breadth of Middle Market Coverage. Crescent Private Credit strategies collectively cover lower-, middle- and upper-middle market companies. The Fund’s primary focus is to invest in companies with EBITDA of $35 million to $120 million; however, the Fund may invest in larger or smaller companies. We believe Crescent has the flexibility to opportunistically make investments across a wide spectrum of debt opportunities given its dedicated strategies focused on the middle-market. We believe this target market has been underserved by banks, which have withdrawn from the middle- and upper-middle markets, as well as many direct lending institutions, who do not have the scale or resources needed to service the requirements of these borrowers.

The Board

Overall responsibility for the Fund’s oversight rests with the Board. We have entered into our Investment Advisory and Management Agreement with our investment adviser, pursuant to which our investment adviser will manage the Fund on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing our investment adviser and other service providers in our operations in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Company Act, the Fund’s charter and bylaws and applicable provisions of state and other laws. Our investment adviser keeps the Board well informed as to our investment adviser’s activities on our behalf and our investment operations and provide the Board information with additional information as the Board may, from time to time, request. The Board is currently composed of five members, three of whom are directors who are not “interested persons” of the Fund or our investment adviser as defined in the Investment Company Act.

 

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Investment Selection

Crescent’s investment philosophy was developed over 30 years ago and has remained consistent and relevant throughout a number of economic cycles. We are managed using a similar investment philosophy used by the investment professionals of Crescent in respect of its other investment funds.

This investment philosophy involves, among other things:

 

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an assessment of the overall macroeconomic environment and financial markets and how such assessment may impact industry and asset selection;

 

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company-specific research and analysis; and

 

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with respect to each individual company, an emphasis on capital preservation, low volatility and minimization of downside risk.

The foundation of Crescent’s investment philosophy is intensive credit investment analysis, a portfolio management discipline based on both market technicals and fundamental value-oriented research, and a diversification strategy. Crescent also recognizes the importance of considering ESG factors in the investment-decision making process in accordance with its ESG policy. We follow a rigorous investment process based on:

 

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a comprehensive analysis of issuer creditworthiness, including a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the issuer’s business;

 

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an evaluation of a company’s market position, brand awareness, operational excellence, barriers to entry, such as high start-up costs or other obstacles that prevent new competitors from easily entering the portfolio company’s industry or area of business, and management team; and

 

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an in-depth examination of capital structure, financial results and projections.

We seek to identify those companies exhibiting superior fundamental risk-reward profiles and strong defensible business franchises while focusing on the relative value of the investment across the industry as well as for the specific company.

Investment Process Overview

Sourcing Investment Opportunities

Crescent’s investment strategy is to focus on generating the widest universe of deal flow and to apply a consistent and rigorous approach to investment due diligence in order to select what it considers to be the most appealing opportunities. The investment adviser will seek to generate investment opportunities primarily through direct origination channels, as well as through syndicated and club deals.

For illiquid credit, Crescent employs a multi-channel approach to direct origination, which includes relationships with financial sponsors, management teams, lawyers, accountants, intermediaries and mergers and acquisitions advisors. Crescent typically reviews over 1,500 distinct U.S. direct lending transaction opportunities annually, with a closing ratio of less than 3% of transactions reviewed.

For liquid credit, Crescent screens for attractive opportunities in the primary and secondary investment universe of nearly 1,200 bank loan and over 900 high yield issuers. Due to the scale and relationships of Crescent, it sees substantially all new issues in the bank loan and high yield bond markets. As such, the investment team members have familiarity with the universe of issuers which facilitates both primary and secondary idea generation.

Investment Decision Process

Through its affiliation with Crescent, the investment adviser has access to origination capabilities and research resources, experienced investment professionals, internal information systems and a credit analysis framework and investment process. Over the years, Crescent has designed its investment process to seek

 

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investments which it believes have the most attractive risk/reward characteristics. The process involves multiple levels of review and is coordinated in an effort to identify risks in potential investments. Our investment adviser applies Crescent’s expertise to screen our investment opportunities as described below. Depending on the type of investment and the borrower, our investment adviser may apply all or some of these levels of review, in its discretion. Based upon a favorable outcome of the diligence process described below, our investment adviser’s investment committee will make a final decision on such investment and such investment will only be funded after approval by the investment adviser’s investment committee.

Private Credit Originations: New private credit investment opportunities are initially reviewed by a Crescent senior investment professional to determine whether additional consideration is warranted. Factors influencing this decision include fundamental business considerations, including borrower industry, borrower financial leverage and cash flows and quality of management as well as private equity sponsor involvement (if any). In the event of an initial positive review, potential investments are further reviewed with senior and junior investment professionals. If the team agrees on the fundamental attractiveness of the investment, the review phase proceeds with preliminary due diligence and financial analyses. At this point, Crescent utilizes its credit analysis methodology to outline credit and operating statistics and identify key business characteristics and risks through available diligence materials in addition to dialogue with company management and the proposed private equity sponsor (if any). Following this analysis, Crescent considers an initial structure and pricing proposal for the investment and preliminarily informs the broader investment team of such proposal.

After satisfactory preliminary analysis and review, further due diligence continues, including completion of credit analysis, on-site due diligence (if deemed necessary), visits and meetings with management, and could include consultation with third-party experts. The credit analysis is a detailed, bottom-up analysis on the proposed portfolio company that generally includes an assessment of its industry, market, competition, products, services, management and the equity sponsor or owner. Detailed financial analysis is also performed at this stage with a focus on historical financial results. Projected financial information developed by the proposed portfolio company is analyzed and sensitized based upon the portfolio company’s historical results and assessment of the portfolio company’s future prospects. The sensitivity analysis highlights the variability of revenues and earnings, “worst case” debt service coverage and available sources of liquidity. As part of the overall evaluation, comparisons are made to similar companies to help assess a portfolio company’s asset and enterprise value coverage of debt, interest servicing capacity and competitive strength within its industry and market. Additionally during this stage, Crescent typically works with the management of the proposed portfolio company and its other capital providers to develop the structure of an investment, including negotiating among these parties on how the investment is expected to perform relative to the other forms of capital in its capital structure.

Syndicated Investments: For syndicated investments, Crescent seeks to pursue an investment process based upon evaluation of the credit fundamentals of issuers. The foundation of this process is the “bottom-up” credit research process that Crescent employs across multiple strategies. In selecting investments, Crescent’s investment professionals perform comprehensive analysis of credit worthiness, including an assessment of the business, an evaluation of management, an analysis of business strategy and industry trends, an examination of financial results and projections and a review of the security’s proposed terms. Credit research is a critical component of the investment process. In selecting investments, Crescent’s respective portfolio management teams analyze opportunities with an emphasis on principal preservation (i.e., an issuer’s ability to service its debt and maintain cash flow).

Investment Funding

Upon completion of the investment decision process described above, the investment team working on an investment delivers a memorandum to the investment adviser’s investment committee. Once an investment has been approved by the investment committee, the investment adviser moves through a series of steps with the respective investment team towards negotiation of final documentation.

 

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Investments

Directly Originated

For our directly originated investments, we primarily invest in portfolio companies in the form of first lien senior secured loans (including “unitranche” loans which are loans that combine both senior and subordinated debt, generally in a first lien position), second lien senior secured loans, subordinated debt and preferred and common equity. The first and second lien senior secured loans generally have terms of five to eight years. In connection with our first and second lien senior secured loans, we generally receive security interests in certain assets of our portfolio companies that could serve as collateral in support of the repayment of such loans. First and second lien senior secured loans generally have floating interest rates, which may have interest rate floors, and also may provide for some amortization of principal and excess cash flow payments, with the remaining principal balance due at maturity.

We structure our subordinated debt investments primarily as unsecured subordinated loans or bonds that provide for relatively higher fixed interest rates. The subordinated debt investments generally have terms of up to 10 years. These loans or bonds typically have interest-only payments, with amortization of principal, if any, deferred to the later years of the subordinated debt investment. In some cases, we may enter into loans or bonds that, by their terms, convert into equity or additional debt or defer payments of interest (or at least cash interest) for the first few years after our investment. Also, in some cases our subordinated debt will be secured by a subordinated lien on some or all of the assets of the borrower.

In some cases, our debt and preferred equity investments may provide for a portion of the interest or dividends payable to be PIK. To the extent interest or dividends are PIK, they will be payable through the increase of the principal amount of the loan or preferred equity by the amount of interest or dividend due on the then-outstanding aggregate principal amount of such loan or preferred equity and is generally collected upon repayment of the outstanding principal or redemption of the equity, as applicable.

In the case of our first and second lien senior secured loans, subordinated debt and preferred and common equity investments, we tailor the terms of the investment to the facts and circumstances of the transaction and the prospective portfolio company, negotiating a structure that aims to protect our rights and manage our risk while creating incentives for the portfolio company to achieve its business plan and improve its profitability. For example, in addition to generally seeking a senior position in the capital structure of our portfolio companies, we seek, where appropriate, to limit the downside potential of our investments by:

 

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targeting a total return on our investments (including from both interest and potential equity appreciation) that compensates us for credit risk;

 

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incorporating call protection and interest rate floors for floating rate loans, into the investment structure; and

 

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negotiating covenants in connection with our investments that afford our portfolio companies as much flexibility in managing their businesses as possible, consistent with preservation of our capital. Such restrictions may include affirmative and negative covenants, default penalties, lien protection, change of control provisions and board rights, including either observation or participation rights.

Our subordinated debt investments may include equity features, such as warrants or options to buy a minority interest in the portfolio company. Warrants we receive with our debt investments may require only a nominal cost to exercise, and thus, as a portfolio company appreciates in value, we may achieve additional investment return from this equity interest. We may structure the warrants to provide provisions protecting our rights as a minority-interest holder, as well as puts, or rights to sell such securities back to the portfolio company, upon the occurrence of specified events. In many cases, we also obtain registration rights in connection with these equity interests, which may include demand and “piggyback” registration rights.

We believe that our focus on generating proprietary deal flow and lead investing gives us greater control over the capital structures and investment terms described above and enables us to actively manage our

 

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investments. Moreover, by leading the investment process, we are often able to secure controlling positions in loan tranches, thereby providing additional control in investment outcomes.

Syndicated Corporate Loans

Senior secured corporate loans (“Syndicated Loans”) generally benefit from liens on collateral, are rated below-investment grade and typically pay interest at rates that are determined periodically on the basis of a floating base lending rate, primarily SOFR, plus a spread. Syndicated Loans are typically made to U.S. and, to a lesser extent, non-U.S. corporations, partnerships, limited liability companies and other business entities (together with issuers of Corporate Bonds (as defined below)) and other debt securities, (“Borrowers”) which operate in various industries and geographical regions. Borrowers may obtain Syndicated Loans, among other reasons, to refinance existing debt, engage in acquisitions, pay dividends, recapitalize, complete leveraged buyouts and for general corporate purposes. Syndicated Loans rated below investment grade are sometimes referred to as “leveraged loans.” There is a risk that the issuers of Syndicated Loans may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument. We may invest in Syndicated Loans through assignments of or, to a lesser extent, participations in Syndicated Loans. We may also utilize various types of derivative instruments for the purpose of gaining additional exposure to Syndicated Loans.

Corporate Bonds

An issuer of high-yield corporate bonds (“Corporate Bonds”) typically pays the investor a fixed rate of interest and must repay the amount borrowed on or before maturity. The investment return of Corporate Bonds reflects interest on the security and changes in the market value of the security. The market value of a Corporate Bond generally may be expected to rise and fall inversely with interest rates. The value of intermediate- and longer-term Corporate Bonds normally fluctuates more in response to changes in interest rates than does the value of shorter-term Corporate Bonds. The market value of a Corporate Bond also may be affected by investors’ perceptions of the creditworthiness of the issuer, the issuer’s performance and perceptions of the issuer in the marketplace. There is a risk that the issuers of Corporate Bonds may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument. We may also utilize various types of derivative instruments, including swaps, for the purpose of gaining additional exposure to Corporate Bonds. Bonds that are rated below investment grade are sometimes referred to as “high yield bonds” or “junk bonds.”

Structured Credit

We may also invest in asset-backed opportunities across broad sectors such as consumer and commercial specialty finance and corporate credit. We will target investment opportunities that may include (i) debt and equity investments in U.S.-dollar-denominated CLOs that are primarily backed by corporate leveraged loans issued to primarily U.S. obligors, as well as Euro-denominated CLOs that are backed primarily by corporate leveraged loans issued to primarily European obligors; (ii) financings secured by pools of consumer loans, commercial loans or real estate assets; and (iii) the outright purchase of pools of consumer loans, commercial loans or real estate assets. The investments in the “equity” of structured credit products (including CLOs) refers to the junior-most or residual debt tranche of such structured credit products (i.e., the tranche whose rights to payment are not senior to any other tranche, which does not typically receive a credit rating and is typically not secured (and is also typically referred to as subordinated notes, income notes, preferred shares or preferred securities, or, more generally, as “equity”)). The CLO equity tranches (or other similar junior tranches) and privately issued asset-backed securities in which we invest may be highly leveraged, which magnifies the risk of loss on such investments.

Stressed Investments

We may invest in Syndicated Loans and Corporate Bonds and other obligations of companies, referred to herein as “Stressed Issuers,” that may be in some level of financial or business distress, including companies

 

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involved in, or that have recently completed, bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings. These investments may include (i) corporate debt instruments relating to stressed and distressed industries or issuers; (ii) rescue-capital opportunities; (iii) public and private stock issued in connection with restructurings and reorganizations or otherwise (“post-reorganization securities”); and (iv) other opportunistic investments resulting from periods of market dislocation. There is a risk that Stressed Issuers may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument.

Acquisition Opportunities

We believe that there may be opportunity for further consolidation in our industry. From time to time, we may evaluate potential strategic opportunities, including acquisitions of asset portfolios, other private and public finance companies, business development companies and asset managers and selected secondary market assets among others.

On-Going Relationships with and Monitoring of Portfolio Companies

The investment adviser monitors our portfolio companies on an ongoing basis. The investment adviser monitors the financial trends of each portfolio company to determine if it is meeting its business plans and to assess the appropriate course of action for each company. The investment adviser has a number of methods of evaluating and monitoring the performance and fair value of our investments, which may include the following:

 

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assessment of success of the portfolio company in adhering to its business plan and compliance with covenants;

 

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review of monthly and quarterly financial statements and financial projections for portfolio companies;

 

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contact with portfolio company management and, if appropriate, the financial or strategic sponsor, to discuss financial position, requirements and accomplishments;

 

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comparisons to other companies in the industry; and

 

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attendance and participation in board meetings.

As part of the monitoring process, our investment adviser regularly assesses the risk profile of each of our investments and, on a quarterly basis, grades each investment on a risk scale of 1 to 5. Risk assessment is not standardized in our industry and our risk assessment may not be comparable to ones used by our competitors. Our assessment is based on the following categories:

 

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Involves the least amount of risk relative to cost or amortized cost. Investment performance is above expectations since origination or acquisition. Trends and risk factors are generally favorable, which may include financial performance or a potential exit.

 

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Involves a level of risk that is similar to the risk at the time of origination or acquisition. The investment is generally performing as expected, and the risks around our ability to ultimately recoup the cost of the investment are neutral to favorable relative to the time of origination or acquisition. New investments are generally assigned a rating of 2 at origination or acquisition.

 

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Indicates an investment performing below expectations where the risks around our ability to ultimately recoup the cost of the investment have increased since origination or acquisition. For debt investments, borrowers are more likely than not in compliance with debt covenants and loan payments are generally not past due. An investment rating of 3 requires closer monitoring.

 

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Indicates an investment performing materially below expectations where the risks around our ability to ultimately recoup the cost of the investment have increased materially since origination or acquisition. For debt investments, borrowers may be out of compliance with debt covenants and loan payments may be past due (but generally not more than 180 days past due). Non-accrual status is strongly considered for debt investments rated 4.

 

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5.

Indicates an investment performing substantially below expectations where the risks around our ability to ultimately recoup the cost of the investment have substantially increased since origination or acquisition. We do not expect to recover our initial cost basis from investments rated 5. Debt investments with an investment rating of 5 are generally in payment and/or covenant default and are on non-accrual status.

Managerial Assistance

As a BDC, we must offer, and must provide upon request, significant managerial assistance to certain of our portfolio companies. This assistance could involve, among other things, monitoring the operations of our portfolio companies, participating in board and management meetings, consulting with and advising officers of portfolio companies and providing other organizational and financial guidance. CCAP Administration LLC or Crescent Cap NT Advisors, LLC may provide all or a portion of this assistance, the costs of which will be reimbursed by us. We may receive fees for these services.

Exit

In addition to payments of principal and interest, we expect the primary methods for the strategy to realize returns on its investments include refinancings, sales of portfolio companies, and in some cases initial public offerings and secondary offerings. While many debt securities in which we will invest have stated maturities up to ten years, virtually all are redeemed or sold prior to maturity. These securities may have call protection that requires an issuer to pay a premium if it redeems in the early years of an investment. However, there is no assurance that our investments will achieve realization events as a result of refinancings, sales of portfolio companies or public offerings and these realization events will become more unlikely when conditions in the loan and capital markets have deteriorated.

Crescent’s team of investment professionals regularly review investments and related market conditions in order to determine if an opportunity exists to realize returns on a particular investment. We believe the ability to utilize the entire resources of Crescent, including the public market traders and research analysts, allows our investment adviser to gain access to current market information where the opportunity may exist to sell positions into the market at attractive prices.

Allocation of Investment Opportunities

General

Crescent, including our investment adviser, provides or may provide investment management services to other BDCs, registered investment companies, investment funds, client accounts and proprietary accounts that Crescent may establish.

Crescent and our investment adviser have adopted an investment allocation policy designed to ensure that all investment opportunities are, to the extent practicable and in accordance with the Advisers Act, allocated among its clients on a basis that over a period of time is fair and equitable to each client relative to other clients as well as a co-investment policy designed to ensure fair allocation of co-investment opportunities amongst its clients. Subject to the Advisers Act and as further set forth in this prospectus, certain other clients may receive certain priority or other allocation rights with respect to certain investments, subject to various conditions set forth in such other clients’ respective governing agreements and the requirements of our Co-Investment Exemptive Order.

In addition, as a BDC regulated under the Investment Company Act, the Fund is subject to certain limitations relating to co-investments and joint transactions with affiliates, which likely in certain circumstances limit the Fund’s ability to make investments or enter into other transactions alongside other clients.

 

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Co-Investment Relief

Our investment adviser has received the Co-Investment Exemptive Order from the SEC that permits us and other BDCs and registered closed-end management investment companies managed by Crescent to co-invest in portfolio companies with each other and with affiliated investment funds. Co-investments made under the Co-Investment Exemptive Order are subject to compliance with certain conditions and other requirements, which could limit our ability to participate in a co-investment transaction. We may also otherwise co-invest with funds managed by Crescent or any of its downstream affiliates, subject to compliance with existing regulatory guidance, applicable regulations and our allocation procedures. There can be no guarantee that the Co-Investment Exemptive Order will be further extended.

Competition

Our primary competitors include public and private funds, commercial and investment banks, commercial finance companies, other BDCs and private equity funds, each of which we compete with for financing opportunities. Some of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial and marketing resources than we do. For example, some competitors may have access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider more investments and establish more relationships than we do. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the Investment Company Act imposes on us as a BDC. For more information concerning the competitive risks we face, see “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure—We operate in an increasingly competitive market for investment opportunities, which could make it difficult for us to identify and make investments that are consistent with our investment objectives.”

We believe that the relationships of the members of our investment adviser’s investment committee and of the investment professionals of Crescent enable us to learn about, and compete effectively for, financing opportunities with attractive middle-market companies in the industries in which we seek to invest. We believe that Crescent’s professionals’ deep and long-standing direct sponsor relationships and the resulting proprietary transaction opportunities that these relationships often present, provide valuable insight and access to transactions and information. We use the industry information of Crescent’s investment professionals to which we have access to assess investment risks and determine appropriate pricing for our investments in portfolio companies.

Non-Exchange Traded, Perpetual-Life BDC

The Fund is a non-exchange traded BDC, meaning its shares are not listed for trading on a stock exchange or other securities market and a perpetual-life BDC, meaning it is an investment vehicle of indefinite duration, whose common shares are intended to be sold by the BDC monthly on a continuous basis at a price generally equal to the BDC’s monthly NAV per share. In our perpetual-life structure, we may offer investors an opportunity to have us repurchase their shares on a quarterly basis, but we are not obligated to offer to repurchase any in any particular quarter at our discretion. We believe that our perpetual nature enables us to execute a patient and opportunistic strategy and be able to invest across different market environments. This may reduce the risk of the Fund being a forced seller of assets in market downturns compared to non-perpetual funds. While we may consider a liquidity event at any time in the future, we currently do not intend to undertake a liquidity event, and we are not obligated by our charter or otherwise to effect a liquidity event at any time.

Emerging Growth Company

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined by the JOBS Act. As an emerging growth company, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting and disclosure requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to have an auditor attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

 

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In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company may take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies. This means that an emerging growth company can delay adopting certain accounting standards until such standards are otherwise applicable to private companies.

We will remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, or until the earliest of: (1) the last date of the fiscal year during which we had total annual gross revenues of $1 billion or more; (2) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt; or (3) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined under Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act.

We do not believe that being an emerging growth company will have a significant impact on our business or this offering. As stated above, we have elected to opt in to the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards available to emerging growth companies. Also, because we are not a large accelerated filer or an accelerated filer under Section 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, and will not be for so long as our Common Shares are not traded on a securities exchange, we will not be subject to auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act even once we are no longer an emerging growth company. In addition, so long as we are externally managed by our investment adviser and we do not directly compensate our executive officers, or reimburse our investment adviser or its affiliates for the salaries, bonuses, benefits and severance payments for persons who also serve as one of our executive officers or as an executive officer of our investment adviser, we do not expect to include disclosures relating to executive compensation in our periodic reports or proxy statements and, as a result, do not expect to be required to seek stockholder approval of executive compensation and golden parachute compensation arrangements pursuant to Section 14A(a) and (b) of the Exchange Act.

Staffing

We do not currently have any employees and do not expect to have any employees. Services necessary for our business are provided by individuals who are employees or affiliates of our investment adviser, Crescent Cap NT Advisors, LLC, and our administrator, CCAP Administration LLC, each of which is an affiliate of Crescent, pursuant to the terms of our Investment Advisory and Management Agreement and our Administration Agreement, respectively, each as described below. Each of our executive officers is an employee or affiliate of our investment adviser or our administrator. We reimburse both our investment adviser and our administrator for a certain portion of expenses incurred in connection with such staffing, as described in more detail below. Because we have no employees, we do not have a formal employee relations policy.

Regulation as a BDC

We have elected to be regulated as a BDC under the Investment Company Act and intend to elect to be treated as a RIC under the Code. As with other companies regulated by the Investment Company Act, a BDC must adhere to certain substantive regulatory requirements. The Investment Company Act contains prohibitions and restrictions relating to certain transactions between BDCs and certain affiliates (including any investment advisers or sub-advisers), principal underwriters and certain affiliates of those affiliates or underwriters. Among other things, we generally cannot co-invest in any portfolio company in which a fund managed by Crescent (or any of its downstream affiliates other than us and our downstream affiliates) is also co-investing. Our investment adviser has received the Co-Investment Exemptive Order from the SEC that permits us and other BDCs and registered closed-end management investment companies managed by Crescent to co-invest in portfolio companies with each other and with affiliated investment funds. Co-investments made under the Co-Investment Exemptive Order are subject to compliance with certain conditions and other requirements, which could limit our ability to participate in a co-investment transaction. We may also otherwise co-invest with funds managed by Crescent or any of its downstream affiliates, subject to compliance with existing regulatory guidance, applicable regulations and our allocation procedures. We may also otherwise co-invest with funds managed by Crescent or any of its downstream affiliates, subject to compliance with existing regulatory guidance, applicable regulations

 

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and our allocation procedures. There can be no guarantee that the Co-Investment Exemptive Order will be further extended.

The Investment Company Act contains certain restrictions on certain types of investments we may make. Specifically, we may only invest up to 30% of our portfolio in entities that are not considered “eligible portfolio companies” (as defined in the Investment Company Act), including companies located outside of the United States, entities that are operating pursuant to certain exceptions under the Investment Company Act, and publicly traded entities whose public equity market capitalization exceeds the levels provided for under the Investment Company Act.

The Investment Company Act also requires that a majority of our directors be persons other than “interested persons,” as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act, referred to herein as “independent directors.” In addition, the Investment Company Act provides that we may not change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or to withdraw our election as, a BDC unless that change is approved by holders of at least a majority of our outstanding voting securities. Under the Investment Company Act, the vote of holders of at least a “majority of outstanding voting securities” means the vote of the holders of the lesser of: (a) 67% or more of the outstanding Common Shares present at a meeting or represented by proxy if holders of more than 50% of the Common Shares are present or represented by proxy or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding Common Shares.

We may invest up to 100% of our assets in securities acquired directly from issuers in privately negotiated transactions. Our intention is to not write (sell) or buy put or call options to manage risks associated with the publicly traded securities of our portfolio companies. We may enter into hedging transactions to manage the risks associated with interest rate and currency fluctuations. We may purchase or otherwise receive warrants or options to purchase the common stock of our portfolio companies in connection with acquisition financings or other investments. In connection with such an acquisition, we may acquire rights to require the issuers of acquired securities or their affiliates to repurchase them under certain circumstances.

We also do not intend to acquire securities issued by any investment company that exceed the limits imposed by the Investment Company Act. Under these limits, we generally cannot acquire more than 3% of the voting stock of any investment company (as defined in the Investment Company Act), invest more than 5% of the value of our total assets in the securities of one investment company or invest more than 10% of the value of our total assets in the securities of investment companies in the aggregate unless certain conditions are met. With regard to that portion of our portfolio invested in securities issued by investment companies, it should be noted that such investments might subject our common stockholders to additional expenses.

Certain provisions of the Investment Company Act allow a BDC to increase the maximum amount of leverage it may incur by reducing the asset coverage ratio of 200% to an asset coverage ratio of 150% if certain requirements are met. We may borrow amounts or issue debt securities or preferred stock, which we refer to collectively as “senior securities,” such that our asset coverage, as calculated pursuant to the Investment Company Act, equals at least 150% immediately after such borrowing (i.e., we are able to borrow up to two dollars for every dollar we have in assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities issued by us). Our sole initial stockholder has approved a proposal that allows us to reduce our asset coverage ratio applicable to senior securities from 200% to 150%.

Code of Ethics. We and Crescent Cap NT Advisors, LLC have each adopted a code of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act that establishes procedures for personal investments and restricts certain personal securities transactions. Personnel subject to each code may invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by us, so long as such investments are made in accordance with the code’s requirements. Our code of ethics is filed as an exhibit to our registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. For information on how to obtain a copy of the code of ethics, see “Available Information” below.

 

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Affiliated Transactions. We may be prohibited under the Investment Company Act from conducting certain transactions with our affiliates without the prior approval of our directors who are not interested persons and, in some cases, the prior approval of the SEC. Crescent has received the Co-Investment Exemptive Order from the SEC that permits us, among other things, to co-invest with certain other persons, including certain affiliates of our investment adviser and certain funds managed and controlled by our investment adviser and its affiliates, subject to certain terms and conditions. In addition, certain Crescent funds may have investment objectives that compete or overlap with, and may from time to time invest in asset classes similar to those targeted by, us. Consequently, we, on the one hand, and these other entities, on the other hand, may from time to time pursue the same or similar capital and investment opportunities. Crescent and our investment adviser endeavor to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner, and in any event consistent with any fiduciary duties owed to us. Nevertheless, it is possible that we may not be given the opportunity to participate in certain investments made by investment funds managed by investment managers affiliated with Crescent (including our investment adviser). In addition, there may be conflicts in the allocation of investments among us and the funds managed by investment managers affiliated with Crescent (including our investment adviser) or one or more of our controlled affiliates or among the funds they manage, including investments made pursuant to the Co-Investment Exemptive Order. Further, in the future, such other Crescent-managed funds may hold positions in portfolio companies in which we have also invested. Such investments may raise potential conflicts of interest between us and such other Crescent-managed funds, particularly if we and such other Crescent-managed funds invest in different classes or types of securities or investments of the same underlying portfolio company. In that regard, actions may be taken by such other Crescent-managed funds that are adverse to our interests, including, but not limited to, during a restructuring, bankruptcy or other insolvency proceeding or similar matter occurring at the underlying portfolio company.

Other. We will be periodically examined by the SEC for compliance with the Investment Company Act, and be subject to the periodic reporting and related requirements of the Exchange Act.

We are also required to provide and maintain a bond issued by a reputable fidelity insurance company to protect against larceny and embezzlement. Furthermore, as a BDC, we are prohibited from protecting any director or officer against any liability to us or our common stockholders arising from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office.

We are also required to designate a chief compliance officer and to adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws and to review these policies and procedures annually for their adequacy and the effectiveness of their implementation.

We are not permitted to change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or to withdraw our election as, a BDC unless approved by a majority of our outstanding voting securities. A majority of the outstanding voting securities of a company is defined under the Investment Company Act as the lesser of: (i) 67% or more of such company’s shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares of such company are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of such company.

 

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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND

Board of Directors

Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our Board. The responsibilities of the Board include, among other things, the oversight of our investment activities, oversight of our financing arrangements and corporate governance activities. Our Board consists of five members, three of whom are not “interested persons” of the Fund or of our investment adviser as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act and are “independent,” as determined by our Board. Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act defines an “interested person” to include, among other things, any person who has, or within the last two years had, a material business or professional relationship with the Fund or its affiliates. On an annual basis, each member of the Fund’s Board is required to complete a questionnaire designed to provide information to assist the Board in determining whether the director is “independent” under the Exchange Act, the Investment Company Act and the Fund’s corporate governance guidelines. Based on these independence standards and the recommendation of the Nominating and Governance Committee, after reviewing all relevant transactions and relationships between each director, or any of his or her family members, and the Fund, our investment adviser, or of any of their respective affiliates, the Board determines whether a director qualifies as an Independent Director. We refer to these individuals as our independent directors. Our Board elects our executive officers, who serve at the discretion of the Board.

Directors

Information regarding the Board is as follows:

 

Name, Address and Age(1)

Position(s) Held with the Fund

Term of Office and Length of Time Served

Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years

Number of Portfolio Companies in Fund Complex Overseen by Director(2)

Other Directorships Held by Director

Independent Directors

Kathleen S. Briscoe, born 1960

Director and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee

Class I Director since 2023 (term expires in 2024)

Partner and Chief Capital Officer of Dermody Properties, Chief Information Officer, Real Estate of Cordia Capital

2

CCAP.

Susan Yun Lee, born 1980

Director and Chair of the Audit Committee

Class II Director since 2023 (term expires in 2025)

Chief Investment Officer of Clif Family Foundation, Partner of Bormio Capital, Member of the Investment Committee of The Library Foundation, Chief Investment Officer of Sentinel Management, LLC

1

CCAP.

 

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