Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Description of Business
In these notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, the "Company," "we," "us," and "our" refers to Codexis, Inc. and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.
We discover, develop and sell proteins that deliver value to our clients in a growing set of industries. We view proteins as a vast untapped source of value-creating materials, and we are using our proven technologies, which we have been continuously improving since our inception in 2002, to commercialize an increasing number of novel proteins, both as proprietary Codexis products and in partnership with our customers.
We are a pioneer in the harnessing of computational technologies to drive biology advancements. Since our inception in 2002, we have made substantial investments in the development of our CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering technology platform, the primary source of our competitive advantage. Our technology platform is powered by proprietary, artificial intelligence-based, computational algorithms that rapidly mine our large and continuously growing library of protein variants’ performance attributes. These computational outputs enable increasingly reliable predictions for next generation protein variants to be engineered, enabling delivery of targeted performance enhancements in a time-efficient manner. In addition to its computational prowess, our CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering technology platform integrates additional modular competencies, including robotic high-throughput screening and genomic sequencing, organic chemistry and process development which are all coordinated to create our novel protein innovations.
Our approach to develop commercially viable biocatalytic manufacturing processes begins by conceptually designing the most cost-effective and practical process for a targeted product. We then develop optimized protein catalysts to enable that process design, using our CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering platform technology. Engineered protein catalyst candidates - many thousands for each protein engineering project - are then rapidly screened and validated in high throughput screening under relevant manufacturing operating conditions. This approach results in an optimized protein catalyst enabling cost-efficient processes that typically are relatively simple to run in conventional manufacturing equipment. This also allows for the efficient technical transfer of our process to our manufacturing partners.
The successful embodiment of our CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering technology platform in commercial manufacturing processes requires well-integrated expertise in a number of technical disciplines. In addition to those directly involved in practicing our CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering platform technology, such as molecular biology, enzymology, microbiology, cellular engineering, metabolic engineering, bioinformatics, biochemistry and high throughput analytical chemistry, our process development projects also involve integrated expertise in organic chemistry, chemical process development, chemical engineering, fermentation process development and fermentation engineering. Our integrated, multi-disciplinary approach to biocatalyst and process development is a critical success factor for our company.
We initially commercialized our CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering technology platform and products in the pharmaceuticals market, which remains our primary business focus. Our customers, which include several large global pharmaceutical companies, use our technology, products and services in their manufacturing processes and process development.
We have also used the technology to develop protein catalysts for use in the fine chemicals market. The fine chemicals market consists of several large market verticals, including food and food ingredients, animal feed, flavors, fragrances and agricultural chemicals.
We have also begun using the CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering technology platform to develop early stage, novel biotherapeutic product candidates, both for our customers and for our own business, most notably our lead program for the potential treatment of phenylketonuria ("PKU") in humans. PKU is an inherited metabolic disorder in which the enzyme that converts the essential amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine is deficient. In October 2017, we entered into a Global Development, Option and License Agreement (the "Nestlé Agreement") with Nestec Ltd. ("Nestlé Health Science") to advance CDX-6114, our enzyme biotherapeutic product candidate for the potential treatment of PKU. In February 2019, Nestlé Health Science exercised its option to obtain an exclusive license to develop and commercialize CDX-6114.
In April 2018, we entered into a strategic agreement (the "Porton Agreement") with Porton Pharma Solutions, Ltd. ("Porton") to license key elements of our CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering technology platform to Porton’s global custom intermediate and active pharmaceutical ingredients ("API") development and manufacturing business. This gives us access to a wide variety of small and medium-sized pharmaceutical customers.
We also use our technology to develop enzymes for customers using next generation sequencing ("NGS") and polymerase chain reaction ("PCR/qPCR") for
in vitro
molecular diagnostic and genomic research applications. Our first enzyme for this application is a DNA ligase which we began marketing to customers in 2018.
Below are brief descriptions of our business segments (See Note 13, "Segment, Geographical and Other Revenue Information"):
Performance Enzymes
We initially commercialized our CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering technology platform and products in the pharmaceuticals market, and to date this continues to be our largest market served. Our customers, which include many large global pharmaceutical companies, use our technology, products and services in their manufacturing processes and process development. We have also used the technology to develop customized enzymes for use in other industrial markets. These markets consist of several large industrial verticals, including food and food ingredients, animal feed, flavors, fragrances, and agricultural chemicals. We also use our technology to develop enzymes for customers using NGS and PCR/qPCR for
in vitro
molecular diagnostic and molecular biology research applications.
Novel Biotherapeutics
We are also targeting new opportunities in the pharmaceutical industry to discover, improve, and/or develop biotherapeutic drug candidates. We believe that our CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering platform technology can be used to discover novel biotherapeutic drug candidates that will target human diseases that are in need of improved therapeutic interventions. Similarly, we believe that we can deploy our platform technology to improve specific characteristics of a customer’s pre-existing biotherapeutic drug candidate, such as its activity, stability or immunogenicity. Most notable is our lead program for the potential treatment of PKU in humans. PKU is an inherited metabolic disorder in which the enzyme that converts the essential amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine is deficient. In October 2017, we announced a strategic collaboration with Nestlé Health Science to advance CDX-6114, our own novel orally administrable enzyme therapeutic candidate for the potential treatment of PKU. In July 2018, we announced that we had dosed the first subjects in a first-in-human Phase 1a dose-escalation trial with CDX-6114, which was conducted in Australia. In November 2018, we announced top-line results from the Phase 1a study in healthy volunteers with CDX-6114. In December 2018, Nestlé Health Science became obligated to pay us an additional
$1.0 million
within
60 days
after the achievement of a milestone relating to formulation of CDX-6114. In January 2019, we received notice from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) that it had completed its review of our investigational new drug application (“IND”) for CDX-6114 and concluded that we may proceed with the proposed Phase 1b multiple ascending dose study in healthy volunteers in the United States. In February 2019, Nestlé Health Science exercised its option to obtain an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing, sub-licensable license for the global development and commercialization of CDX-6114 for the management of PKU which triggered a payment of
$3.0 million
to us. Upon exercising its option, Nestlé Health Science has assumed all responsibilities for future clinical development and commercialization of CDX-6114, with the exception of the completion of an extension study, CDX - 6114-004, which is expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2019.
We have also developed a pipeline of other biotherapeutic drug candidates, which are in preclinical development, and in which we expect to continue to make additional investments with the aim of advancing additional product candidates targeting other therapeutic areas.
Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2018
. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at
December 31, 2018
has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not
include all disclosures, including notes, required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The significant accounting policies used in preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are consistent with those discussed in Note 2 to the audited consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K and are updated below as necessary.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary to present fairly our financial position as of
March 31, 2019
, results of our operations for the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
2018
, changes in stockholders' equity for the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
2018
, and cash flows for the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
2018
. The interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for any future interim period or for the entire year. Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" ("ASC 842) establishes a right-of-use ("ROU") model that requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a lease obligation on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. See "Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements" for details regarding the adoption of ASU 2016-02.
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Codexis, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries in the United States, India and the Netherlands. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We regularly assess these estimates which primarily affect revenue recognition, accounts receivable, inventories, the valuation of marketable securities, goodwill arising out of business acquisitions, accrued liabilities, stock awards, and the valuation allowances associated with deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences may be material to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Segment Reporting
We report
two
business segments, Performance Enzymes and Novel Biotherapeutics, which are based on our operating segments. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources, and in assessing performance. Our CODM is our Chief Executive Officer. Our business segments are primarily based on our organizational structure and our operating results as used by our CODM in assessing performance and allocating resources for our company. We do not allocate or evaluate assets by segment.
The Novel Biotherapeutics segment focuses on new opportunities in the pharmaceutical industry to dis
cover or improve novel biotherapeutic drug candidates that will target human diseases that are in need of improved therapeutic interventions. The Performance Enzymes segment consists of the existing protein catalyst products and services with focus on pharmaceutical, food, molecular diagnostics, and other industrial markets.
Leases
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in right-of-use ("ROU") lease assets, current portion of lease obligations, and long-term lease obligations on our balance sheets.
ROU lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease obligations represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating ROU lease assets and obligations are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. As our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We elected to apply the short-term lease measurement and recognition exemption in which ROU assets and lease obligations are not recognized for short-term leases.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" (“ASC 842”), which is intended to improve financial reporting of leasing transactions by requiring lessees to recognize leases on balance sheets and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 was subsequently amended by ASU No. 2018-01, "Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842"; ASU 2018-10, "Codification Improvements to ASC 842, Leases"; and ASU 2018-11, "Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements." The new standard establishes a right-of-use ("ROU") model that requires lessees to record a ROU asset and lease obligations on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases are classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. We adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective approach and effective date method. We also elected the "package of practical expedients," which permit us not to reassess under the new standard its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. We did not elect the use-of-hindsight or the practical expedient pertaining to land easements; the latter is not applicable to us. Upon adoption, for operating leases, we recognized
$26.6 million
of ROU assets and
$27.6 million
of lease obligations, which represents the present value of the lease payments discounted using our incremental borrowing rate ("IBR") of
6.6%
. For finance leases, we recognized
$0.5 million
of ROU assets and
$0.3 million
of lease obligations which represents the present value of the lease payments discounted using weighted-average implicit rate of
5.0%
. These amounts, included the eighth amendment to the lease agreement disclosed in Note 11, "Commitments and Contingencies," were recorded in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets on January 1, 2019.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) - Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income”. This standard allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and requires certain disclosures about stranded tax effects and will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2019 and should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively. We adopted ASU 2018-02 in the first quarter of 2019, and the adoption had no impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, "Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Non-employee Share-Based Payment Accounting," which expands the scope of Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (which currently only includes share-based payments to employees) to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to non-employees and employees will be substantially aligned. The ASU supersedes Subtopic 505-50, Equity—Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We adopted ASU 2018-07 in the first quarter of 2019, and the adoption had no impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09, "Codification Improvements”, which represent changes to clarify, correct errors in, or make minor improvements to the Codification, eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications in current guidance. The amendments in this ASU include those made to: Subtopic 220-10, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Overall; Subtopic 470-50, Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments; Subtopic 480-10, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity-Overall; Subtopic 718-740, Compensation-Stock Compensation-Income Taxes; Subtopic 805-740, Business Combinations-Income Taxes; Subtopic 815-10, Derivatives and Hedging-Overall; Subtopic 820-10, Fair Value Measurement-Overall; Subtopic 940-405, Financial Services-Brokers and Dealers-Liabilities; and Subtopic 962-325, Plan Accounting-Defined Contribution Pension Plans-Investments-Other. The transition and effective date guidance is based on the facts and circumstances of each amendment. Some of the amendments do not require transition guidance and will be effective upon issuance. However, many of the amendments do have transition guidance with effective dates for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, for public business entities. We adopted subtopics under ASU 2018-09 that are applicable to our Company which included subtopics 718-740 and 820-10 in the first quarter of 2019, and the adoption had no impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standards setting bodies that are adopted by us as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, we believe that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements upon adoption.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments," which amends the FASB's guidance on the impairment of financial instruments. The standard adds a new impairment model (known as the "current expected credit loss model") that is based on expected losses
rather than incurred losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment." The amendments eliminate Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. In addition, income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit should be considered when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The amendments also eliminate the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement". The primary focus of ASU 2018-13 is to improve the effectiveness of the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The changes affect all companies that are required to include fair value measurement disclosures. In general, the amendments in ASU 2018-13 are effective for all entities for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect this standard to have any material impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-18, "Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction Between Topic 808 and Topic 606." ASU 2018-18 provides guidance on how to assess whether certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for within the revenue recognition standard. The ASU also provides more comparability in the presentation of revenue for certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants. In general, for public companies, the amendments in this standard are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect this standard to have any material impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, "Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses." ASU 2018-19 clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of the credit losses standard, but rather, should be accounted for in accordance with the leases standard. In general, the amendments in this standard are effective for public business entities that meet the definition of a SEC filer for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We do not expect this standard to have any material impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
In January 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, "Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements". These amendments align the guidance for fair value of the underlying asset by lessors that are not manufacturers or dealers in Topic 842 with that of existing guidance (Issue #1). The ASU also requires lessors within the scope of Topic 942, Financial Services—Depository and Lending, to present all “principal payments received under leases” within investing activities (Issue #2). The ASU exempts both lessees and lessors from having to provide certain interim disclosures in the fiscal year in which a company adopts the new leases standard (Issue #3). In general, the amendments in ASU 2019-01 are effective for all entities for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The transition and effective date provisions apply to Issue 1 and Issue 2. They do not apply to Issue 3 because the amendments for that Issue are to the original transition requirements in Topic 842. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2019-01 on our unaudited
condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Note 3. Revenue Recognition
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue from contracts with customers, the nature of the products and services and geographic regions, and includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with reportable segments. The geographic regions that are tracked are the Americas (United States, Canada, Latin America), EMEA (Europe,
Middle East, Africa), and APAC (Australia, New Zealand, Southeast Asia, China).
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended March 31, 2019
|
|
Three months ended March 31, 2018
|
|
(in thousands)
|
Performance Enzymes
|
|
Novel Biotherapeutics
|
|
Total
|
|
Performance Enzymes
|
|
Novel Biotherapeutics
|
|
Total
|
|
Major products and service:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product Revenue
|
$
|
7,988
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
7,988
|
|
|
$
|
6,163
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
6,163
|
|
|
Research and development revenue
|
2,099
|
|
|
5,496
|
|
|
7,595
|
|
|
4,566
|
|
|
3,313
|
|
|
7,879
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
$
|
10,087
|
|
|
$
|
5,496
|
|
|
$
|
15,583
|
|
|
$
|
10,729
|
|
|
$
|
3,313
|
|
|
$
|
14,042
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Primary geographical markets:
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Americas
|
$
|
2,838
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
2,838
|
|
|
$
|
3,597
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
3,597
|
|
|
EMEA
|
2,230
|
|
|
5,496
|
|
|
7,726
|
|
|
1,679
|
|
|
3,313
|
|
|
4,992
|
|
|
APAC
|
5,019
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
5,019
|
|
|
5,453
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
5,453
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
$
|
10,087
|
|
|
$
|
5,496
|
|
|
$
|
15,583
|
|
|
$
|
10,729
|
|
|
$
|
3,313
|
|
|
$
|
14,042
|
|
Contract Balances
The following table presents changes in the contract assets, unbilled receivables, contract costs, and contract liabilities (in thousands):
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
January 1, 2019 balance
|
|
Additions
|
|
Deductions
(1)
|
|
March 31, 2019 balance
|
|
Contract Assets
|
$
|
35
|
|
|
1,813
|
|
|
(1,848
|
)
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
Unbilled receivables, current
|
$
|
1,916
|
|
|
423
|
|
|
(416
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,923
|
|
|
Unbilled receivables, non-current
|
$
|
786
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
786
|
|
|
Contract Costs
|
$
|
42
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(28
|
)
|
|
$
|
14
|
|
|
Contract Liabilities: Deferred Revenue
|
$
|
8,288
|
|
|
1,386
|
|
|
(4,323
|
)
|
|
$
|
5,351
|
|
(1)
The asset or liability balances are presented as a net position per contract and accordingly the deductions column includes the netting effect of presenting each contract on a net position basis as either a net liability or asset.
We had
no
asset impairment charges related to contract assets in the period.
During the
three months ended March 31, 2019
, we recognized the following revenues (in thousands):
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue recognized in the period from:
|
Three months ended March 31, 2019
|
|
Amounts included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the period:
|
|
|
Performance obligations satisfied
|
$
|
2,385
|
|
|
Changes in the period:
|
|
|
Changes in the estimated transaction price allocated to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods
|
136
|
|
|
Performance obligations satisfied from new activities in the period - contract revenue
|
13,062
|
|
|
Total revenue
|
$
|
15,583
|
|
Performance Obligations
The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period. The estimated revenue does not include contracts with original durations of one year or less, amounts of variable consideration attributable to royalties, or contract renewals that are unexercised as of
March 31, 2019
. We did not recognize any revenue from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.
The balances in the table below are partially based on judgments involved in estimating future orders from customers subject to the exercise of material rights pursuant to respective contracts.
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(in thousands)
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
2021 and Thereafter
|
|
Total
|
|
Product Revenue
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
2,409
|
|
|
$
|
1,623
|
|
|
$
|
4,032
|
|
|
Research and development revenue
|
1,319
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
1,319
|
|
|
Total
|
$
|
1,319
|
|
|
$
|
2,409
|
|
|
$
|
1,623
|
|
|
$
|
5,351
|
|
Note 4. Net Loss per Share
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding, less restricted stock awards ("RSAs") subject to forfeiture. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, less RSAs subject to forfeiture, plus all additional common stock shares that would have been outstanding, assuming dilutive potential common stock shares had been issued for other dilutive securities. For periods of net loss, diluted and basic net loss per share are identical since potential common stock shares are excluded from the calculation, as their effect was anti-dilutive.
Anti-Dilutive Securities
In periods of net loss, the weighted average number of shares outstanding related to potentially dilutive securities, prior to the application of the treasury stock method, are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per common share because including such shares would have an anti-dilutive effect.
The following shares were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share (in thousands):
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|
|
Three months ended March 31,
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
Shares of common stock issuable pursuant to equity awards outstanding under the Equity Incentive Plan
|
6,750
|
|
|
7,530
|
|
Note 5. Collaborative Arrangements
GSK Platform Technology Transfer, Collaboration and License Agreement
In July 2014, we entered into a CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering platform technology transfer collaboration and license agreement (the "GSK CodeEvolver
®
Agreement") with GlaxoSmithKline ("GSK"). Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, we granted GSK a non-exclusive license to use the CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering platform technology to develop novel enzymes for use in the manufacture of GSK's pharmaceutical and health care products.
We received an upfront fee upon the execution of the agreement in July 2014 and milestone payments in each of the years from 2014 through April 2016. We completed the transfer of the CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering platform technology to GSK in April 2016 and all revenues relating to the technology transfer have been recognized as of April 2016. We have the potential to receive additional cumulative contingent payments that range from
$5.75 million
to
$38.5 million
per project based on
GSK’s successful application of the licensed technology. We are also eligible to receive royalties based on net sales of GSK’s sales of licensed enzyme products that are currently constrained.
Merck Platform Technology Transfer and License Agreement
In August 2015, we entered into a CodeEvolver
®
platform technology transfer collaboration and license agreement (the "Merck CodeEvolver
®
Agreement") with Merck, Sharp & Dohme ("Merck") which allows Merck to use the CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering technology platform in the field of human and animal healthcare.
We received a
$5.0 million
up-front license fee upon execution of the Merck CodeEvolver
®
Agreement, and milestone payments in September 2015 and in September 2016, when we completed the transfer of the engineering platform technology. Additionally, we recognized research and development revenues of
$1.0 million
and
$0.9 million
for the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
2018
, respectively, for various research projects under our collaborative arrangement.
We have the potential to receive payments of up to a maximum of
$15.0 million
for each commercial active pharmaceutical ingredient ("API") that is manufactured by Merck using one or more novel enzymes developed by Merck using the CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering technology platform. The API payments, which are currently not recognized in revenue, are based on quantity of API developed and manufactured by Merck and will be recognized as usage-based royalties.
In January 2019, we entered into an amendment to the Merck CodeEvolver
®
Agreement whereby we will install certain CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering technology upgrades into Merck’s platform license installation and maintain those upgrades for a multi-year term. As of March 31, 2019, none of the technology upgrades have been installed and no revenue has been recognized under the amendment.
Merck Sitagliptin Catalyst Supply Agreement
In February 2012, we entered into a
five
-year Sitagliptin Catalyst Supply Agreement ("Sitagliptin Catalyst Supply Agreement") with Merck whereby Merck may obtain commercial scale substance for use in the manufacture of Januvia
®
, its product based on the active ingredient sitagliptin. In December 2015, Merck exercised its option under the terms of the Sitagliptin Catalyst Supply Agreement to extend the agreement for an additional
five years
through February 2022.
Effective as of January 2016, we and Merck amended the Sitagliptin Catalyst Supply Agreement to prospectively provide for variable pricing based on the cumulative volume of sitagliptin catalyst purchased by Merck and to allow Merck to purchase a percentage of its requirements for sitagliptin catalyst from a specified third-party supplier. Merck received a distinct, functional license to manufacture a portion of its demand beginning January 1, 2018, which we recognized as research and development revenue. We recognized research and development revenue of
zero
and
$1.3 million
for the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
2018
, respectively.
We have determined that the variable pricing, which provides a discount based on the cumulative volume of sitagliptin catalyst purchased by Merck, provides Merck material rights and we are recognizing product revenues using the alternative method. Under the alternative approach, we estimate the total expected consideration and allocate it proportionately with the expected sales.
The Sitagliptin Catalyst Supply Agreement requires Merck to pay an annual fee for the rights to the sitagliptin technology each year for the term of the Sitagliptin Catalyst Supply Agreement. Amounts of annual license fees are based on contractually agreed prices and are on a declining scale over the term of the contract.
We had a deferred revenue balance from Merck of
$2.0 million
at
March 31, 2019
and
$3.6 million
at
December 31, 2018
. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Sitagliptin Catalyst Supply Agreement, Merck may purchase supply from us for a fee based on contractually stated prices and we recognized
$5.3 million
and
$4.6 million
for the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
2018
, respectively, in product revenue under this agreement.
Enzyme Supply Agreement
In November 2016, we entered into a supply agreement whereby our customer may purchase quantities of one of our proprietary enzymes for use in its commercial manufacture of a product. Pursuant to the supply agreement, we received an upfront payment of
$0.8 million
in December 2016, which we accordingly recorded as deferred revenue. Such upfront payment will be recognized over the period of the supply agreement as the customer purchases our proprietary enzyme. We additionally have determined that the volume discounts under the supply agreement provides the customer material rights and we are recognizing revenues using the alternative method. As of
March 31, 2019
and
December 31, 2018
, we had deferred revenue from the supply agreement of
$2.0 million
.
Research and Development Agreement
In March 2017, we entered into a multi-year research and development services agreement with Tate & Lyle Ingredients Americas LLC ("Tate & Lyle") to develop enzymes for use in the manufacture of Tate & Lyle’s zero-calorie TASTEVA
®
M Stevia sweetener. Under the agreement, we received an upfront payment of
$3.0 million
, which was recognized ratably over the maximum term of the services period of
21
months. Beginning January 1, 2018, we are recognizing revenue using a single measure of progress that depicts our performance in transferring the services. During the second quarter of 2018, Tate & Lyle opted to obtain additional development services that we completed by June 30, 2018 and we earned milestone payments upon completion of the services. We recognized
zero
and
$1.4 million
of revenue for the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
2018
, respectively, for research and development services under the research and development agreement. As of
March 31, 2019
and
December 31, 2018
, we had
no
deferred revenue from the development services agreement.
In April 2019, we entered into a multi-year commercial agreement with Tate & Lyle. (See Note 14, "Subsequent Events," for more details.)
Global Development, Option and License Agreement and Strategic Collaboration Agreement
In October 2017, we entered into a Global Development, Option and License Agreement (the "Nestlé Agreement") with Nestec Ltd. ("Nestlé Health Science") and, solely for the purpose of the integration and the dispute resolution clauses of the Nestlé Agreement, Nestlé Health Science S.A., to advance CDX-6114, our enzyme biotherapeutic product candidate for the potential treatment of PKU.
We received an upfront cash payment of
$14.0 million
upon the execution of the Nestlé Agreement, a
$4.0 million
milestone payment after dosing the first subjects in a first-in-human Phase 1a dose-escalation trial with CDX-6114, and a
$1.0 million
milestone payment upon achievement of a milestone relating to formulation of CDX-6114. The
$4.0 million
milestone payment that was triggered by the initiation of the trial was received in September 2018 and the
$1.0 million
milestone payment that was triggered by the achievement of a formulation relating to CDX-6114 was received in February 2019. The upfront payment and the variable consideration relating to the progress payment of
$4.0 million
and milestone payment of
$1.0 million
are being recognized over time as the development work is being performed. Revenue is being recognized using a single measure of progress that depicts our performance in transferring control of the services, which is based on the ratio of level of effort incurred to date compared to the total estimated level of effort required to complete all performance obligations under the agreement. We recognized development fees of
$1.3 million
and
$2.7 million
for the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
2018
, respectively, as research and development revenue. We had deferred revenue related to the development fees attributed to the milestone payment and up-front fees of
$0.7 million
at
March 31, 2019
and
$1.9 million
at
December 31, 2018
.
In January 2019, we received notice from the FDA that it had completed its review of our IND for CDX-6114 and concluded that we may proceed with the proposed Phase 1b multiple ascending dose study in healthy volunteers in the United States. In February 2019, Nestlé Health Science exercised its option to obtain an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing, sub-licensable license for the global development and commercialization of CDX-6114 for the management of PKU. As a result of the option exercise, Nestlé Health Science is obligated to pay us
$3.0 million
which we recognized revenue for
three months ended March 31, 2019
as research and development fees. Upon exercising its option, Nestlé Health Science has assumed all responsibilities for future clinical development and commercialization of CDX-6114, with the exception of the completion of an extension study, CDX-6114-004, which is expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2019. Other potential payments from Nestlé Health Science to us under the Nestlé Agreement include (i) development and approval milestones of up to
$85.0 million
, (ii) sales-based milestones of up to
$250.0 million
in the aggregate, which aggregate amount is achievable if net sales exceed
$1.0 billion
in a single year, and (iii) tiered royalties, at percentages ranging from the middle single digits to low double-digits, of net sales of product.
In addition to the Nestlé Agreement, we and Nestlé Health Science concurrently entered into a Strategic Collaboration Agreement (the "Strategic Collaboration Agreement") pursuant to which we and Nestlé Health Science will collaborate to leverage the CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering technology platform to develop novel enzymes for Nestlé Health Science’s established Consumer Care and Medical Nutrition business areas. Under the Strategic Collaboration Agreement, we received an upfront payment of
$1.2 million
in 2017 and an incremental
$0.6 million
payment in September 2018 for additional services. We recognized research and development fees of
$1.2 million
and
$0.6 million
for the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
2018
, respectively. We had deferred revenue of
$0.6 million
and
$0.8 million
at
March 31, 2019
and
December 31, 2018
, respectively.
Strategic Collaboration Agreement
In April 2018, we entered into the Porton Agreement with Porton to license key elements of Codexis’ biocatalyst technology for use in Porton’s global custom intermediate and API development and manufacturing business. Under the Porton Agreement, we are eligible to receive annual collaboration fees and research and development revenues. We received an initial collaboration fee of
$0.5 million
within
30 days
of the effective date of the agreement and as of December 31, 2018, we completed the technical transfer. We recognized
no
revenue for the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
2018
, as research and development revenue. Revenue relating to the functional license provided to Porton was recognized at a point in time when control of the license transferred to the customer.
Note 6. Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
Cash equivalents and marketable securities at
March 31, 2019
and at
December 31, 2018
consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2019
|
|
|
Adjusted Cost
|
|
Gross Unrealized
Gains
(3)
|
|
Gross Unrealized
Losses
(3)
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Money market funds
(1)
|
$
|
28,001
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
28,001
|
|
|
Common shares of CO
2
Solutions
(2)
|
563
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(79
|
)
|
|
484
|
|
|
Total
|
$
|
28,564
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
(79
|
)
|
|
$
|
28,485
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
|
|
Adjusted Cost
|
|
Gross Unrealized
Gains
(3)
|
|
Gross Unrealized
Losses
(3)
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Money market funds
(1)
|
$
|
31,225
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
31,225
|
|
|
Common shares of CO
2
Solutions
(2)
|
563
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
588
|
|
|
Total
|
$
|
31,788
|
|
|
$
|
25
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
31,813
|
|
(1)
Money market funds are classified in cash and cash equivalents on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)
Common shares of CO
2
Solutions are classified in equity securities on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(3)
As a result of adopting ASU 2016-01, in 2018 and thereafter gross unrealized gains and gross unrealized losses related to our investment in CO
2
Solutions were recognized in other expense, in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
As of
March 31, 2019
, the total cash and cash equivalents balance of
$47.3 million
was comprised of money market funds of
$28.0 million
and cash of
$19.3 million
held with major financial institutions worldwide. As of
December 31, 2018
, the total cash and cash equivalents balance of
$53.0 million
was comprised of money market funds of
$31.2 million
and cash of
$21.8 million
held with major financial institutions worldwide.
In December 2009, we purchased
10,000,000
common shares of CO
2
Solutions, a company based in Quebec, Canada, whose shares are publicly traded in Canada on TSX Venture Exchange. Our purchase represented approximately
16.6%
of CO
2
Solutions’ total common shares outstanding at the time of investment and was made in a private placement subject to a
four
-month statutory resale restriction. This restriction expired on April 15, 2010. Our investment in CO
2
Solutions is recorded at its fair value. See Note 7, “Fair Value Measurements.” Through
March 31, 2019
, we concluded that we did not have the ability to exercise significant influence over CO
2
Solutions’ operating and financial policies.
On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2016-01. Upon adoption, we reclassified the
$0.5 million
net unrealized loss from accumulated other comprehensive loss to our opening accumulated deficit. As of
March 31, 2019
, we recognized an unrealized loss of
$0.1 million
related to our investment in CO
2
Solutions in other expense, in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Note 7. Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present the financial instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis at
March 31, 2019
and
December 31, 2018
by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2019
|
|
|
Level 1
|
|
Level 2
|
|
Level 3
|
|
Total
|
|
Money market funds
|
$
|
28,001
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
28,001
|
|
|
Common shares of CO
2
Solutions
|
484
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
484
|
|
|
Total
|
$
|
28,485
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
28,485
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
|
|
Level 1
|
|
Level 2
|
|
Level 3
|
|
Total
|
|
Money market funds
|
$
|
31,225
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
31,225
|
|
|
Common shares of CO
2
Solutions
|
588
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
588
|
|
|
Total
|
$
|
31,813
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
31,813
|
|
We determine the fair value of Level 1 assets using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. We estimated the fair value of our investment in
10,000,000
common shares of CO
2
Solutions using the market value of common shares as determined by trading on the TSX Venture Exchange, and we classified our investment in CO
2
Solutions within the fair value hierarchy as Level 1 at
March 31, 2019
and
December 31, 2018
, respectively, using the quoted prices in an active market to determine their fair value.
Note 8. Balance Sheets Details
Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
|
Raw materials
|
$
|
58
|
|
|
$
|
165
|
|
|
Work-in-process
|
158
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
Finished goods
|
417
|
|
|
377
|
|
|
Inventories
|
$
|
633
|
|
|
$
|
589
|
|
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
|
Laboratory equipment
(1)
|
$
|
21,464
|
|
|
$
|
21,328
|
|
|
Leasehold improvements
|
10,730
|
|
|
10,359
|
|
|
Computer equipment and software
|
3,663
|
|
|
3,954
|
|
|
Office equipment and furniture
|
1,442
|
|
|
1,272
|
|
|
Construction in progress
(2)
|
175
|
|
|
939
|
|
|
Property and equipment
|
37,474
|
|
|
37,852
|
|
|
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
(32,939
|
)
|
|
(33,093
|
)
|
|
Property and equipment, net
|
$
|
4,535
|
|
|
$
|
4,759
|
|
(1)
Fully depreciated laboratory equipment with a cost of
$0.1 million
and
$0.3 million
was retired during
three months ended March 31, 2019
and the fiscal year ended December 31,
2018
, respectively.
(2)
Construction in progress includes equipment received but not yet placed into service pending installation.
Goodwill
Goodwill had a carrying value of approximately
$3.2 million
at
March 31, 2019
and
December 31, 2018
.
Other Accrued Liabilities
Other accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
|
Accrued purchases
|
$
|
3,556
|
|
|
$
|
1,492
|
|
|
Accrued professional and outside service fees
|
3,318
|
|
|
2,020
|
|
|
Deferred rent
|
—
|
|
|
343
|
|
|
Lease incentive obligation
|
—
|
|
|
425
|
|
|
Other
|
253
|
|
|
575
|
|
|
Total
|
$
|
7,127
|
|
|
$
|
4,855
|
|
Note 9. Stock-Based Compensation
Equity Incentive Plans
In March 2010, our board of directors (the "Board") and stockholders approved the 2010 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the "2010 Plan"), which became effective upon the completion of our initial public offering in April 2010. The number of shares of our common stock available for issuance under the 2010 Plan is equal to
1,100,000
shares plus any shares of common stock reserved for future grant or issuance under our 2002 Stock Plan (the "2002 Plan") that remained unissued at the time of completion of the initial public offering. The 2010 Plan also provides for automatic annual increases in the number of shares reserved for future issuance. All grants will reduce the 2010 Plan reserve by
one
share for every share granted.
The 2010 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, RSUs, RSAs, PSUs, PBOs, stock appreciation rights, and stock purchase rights to our employees, non-employee directors and consultants.
Stock Options
The option exercise price for incentive stock options is at least
100%
of the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant and the option exercise price for non-statutory stock options is at least
85%
of the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant, as determined by the Board. If, at the time of a grant, the optionee directly or by attribution owns stock possessing more than
10%
of the total combined voting power of all of our outstanding capital stock, the exercise price for these options must be at least
110%
of the fair value of the underlying common stock. Stock options granted to employees generally have a maximum term of
10 years
and vest over a
four
year period from the date of grant, of which
25%
vest at the end of one year, and
75%
vest monthly over the remaining three years. We may grant options with different vesting terms from time to time. Unless an employee's termination of service is due to disability or death, upon termination of service, any unexercised vested options will be forfeited at the end of three months or the expiration of the option, whichever is earlier.
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
We also grant employees RSUs, which generally vest over either a
three
year period with one-third of the shares subject to the RSUs vesting on each yearly anniversary of the vesting commencement date or over a
four
year period with
25%
of the shares subject to the RSU vesting on each yearly anniversary of the vesting commencement date, in each case contingent upon such employee’s continued service on such vesting date. RSUs are generally subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the release of vesting restrictions. We may grant RSUs with different vesting terms from time to time.
Performance-contingent Restricted Stock Units (PSUs) and Performance Based Options (PBOs)
The compensation committee of the Board approved, solely in respect of non-executive employees, delegated to our Chief Executive Officer the authority to approve grants of PSUs. The compensation committee of the Board also approved grants of PBOs and PSUs to our executives. The PSUs and PBOs vest based upon both the successful achievement of certain corporate operating milestones in specified timelines and continued employment through the applicable vesting date. When the performance goals are deemed to be probable of achievement for these types of awards, recognition of stock-based compensation expense commences. Once the number of shares eligible to vest is determined, those shares vest in
two
equal installments with
50%
vesting upon achievement and the remaining
50%
vesting on the first anniversary of achievement, in each case, subject to the recipient’s continued service through the applicable vesting date. If the performance goals are achieved at the threshold level, the number of shares eligible to vest in respect of the PSUs and PBOs would be equal to half the number of PSUs granted and one-quarter the number of shares underlying the PBOs granted. If the performance goals are achieved at the target level, the number of shares eligible to vest in respect of the PSUs and PBOs would be equal to the number of PSUs granted and half of the shares underlying the PBOs granted. If the performance goals are achieved at the superior level, the number of shares eligible to vest in respect of the PSUs would be equal to two times the number of PSUs granted and equal to the number of PBOs granted. The number of shares issuable upon achievement of the performance goals at the levels between the threshold and target levels for the PSUs and PBOs or between the target level and superior levels for the PSUs would be determined using linear interpolation. Achievement below the threshold level would result in
no
shares being eligible to vest in respect of the PSUs and PBOs.
In the first quarter of 2019, we awarded PSUs ("2019 PSUs") and PBOs ("2019 PBOs"), each of which commence vesting based upon the achievement of various weighted performance goals, including revenue growth, strategic advancement of biotherapeutics, cash balance and strategic plan development. As of
March 31, 2019
, we estimated that the 2019 PSUs and 2019 PBOs performance goals would be achieved at
100%
of the target level, and recognized expenses accordingly.
In 2018, we awarded PSUs ("2018 PSUs") and PBOs ("2018 PBOs"), each of which commence vesting based upon the achievement of various weighted performance goals, including core business revenue growth, cash balance, new licensing collaborations, new research and development service revenue arrangements, technology advancement and novel therapeutic enzymes advancement. In the first quarter of 2019, we determined that the 2018 PSUs and 2018 PBOs performance goals had been achieved at
118%
of the target level, and recognized expenses accordingly. Accordingly, one-half of the shares underlying the 2018 PSUs and PBOs vested in the first quarter of 2019 and one-half of the shares underlying the 2018 PSUs and PBOs will vest in the first quarter of 2020, in each case subject to the recipient’s continued service on each vesting date.
In 2017, we awarded PSUs ("2017 PSUs") and PBOs ("2017 PBOs"), each of which commence vesting based upon the achievement of various weighted performance goals, including revenue growth, fundraising, service revenue, new platform license revenue, and strategic advancement of biotherapeutics pipeline. In the first quarter of 2018, we determined that the 2017 PSU and PBO performance goals had been achieved at
134.2%
of the target level, and recognized expenses accordingly. Accordingly, one-half of the shares underlying the 2017 PSUs and PBOs vested in the first quarter of 2018 and one-half of the shares underlying the 2017 PSUs and PBOs vested in the first quarter of 2019, in each case subject to the recipient’s continued service on each vesting date.
In 2016, we awarded PSUs ("2016 PSUs") based upon the achievement of various weighted performance goals, including revenue growth, non-GAAP net income growth, new licensing collaborations, new research and development service revenue arrangements and novel therapeutic enzymes advancement. In the first quarter of 2017, we determined that the 2016 PSU performance goals had been achieved at
142.3%
of the target level, and recognized expenses accordingly. Accordingly, one-half of the shares underlying the 2016 PSUs vested in the first quarter of each of 2017 and 2018, in each case subject to the recipient’s continued service on each vesting date.
No
PBOs were awarded in 2016.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense is included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
Research and development
|
$
|
388
|
|
|
$
|
435
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
1,675
|
|
|
1,545
|
|
|
Total
|
$
|
2,063
|
|
|
$
|
1,980
|
|
The following table presents total stock-based compensation expense by security types included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
2018
(in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
Stock options
|
$
|
554
|
|
|
$
|
472
|
|
|
RSUs and RSAs
|
461
|
|
|
452
|
|
|
PSUs
|
391
|
|
|
409
|
|
|
PBOs
|
657
|
|
|
647
|
|
|
Total
|
$
|
2,063
|
|
|
$
|
1,980
|
|
As of
March 31, 2019
, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of expected forfeitures, was
$6.1 million
related to unvested employee stock options,
$1.2 million
related to unvested RSUs and RSAs,
$1.3 million
related to unvested PSUs, and
$4.0 million
related to unvested PBOs based on current estimates of the level of achievement. Stock-based compensation expense will be recognized through the year of 2022.
Valuation Assumptions
The weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of employee stock options and PBOs granted were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected term (in years)
|
5.6
|
|
|
5.6
|
|
|
Volatility
|
56
|
%
|
|
60
|
%
|
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
2.49
|
%
|
|
2.70
|
%
|
|
Dividend yield
|
—
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
Weighted-average estimated fair value of stock options granted
|
$
|
11.44
|
|
|
$
|
5.02
|
|
Note 10. Capital Stock
Exercise of Options
For the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
2018
,
218,572
and
78,859
shares, respectively, were exercised at a weighted-average exercise price of
$3.55
and
$6.49
per share, respectively, with net cash proceeds of
$0.8 million
and
$0.4 million
, respectively.
Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Leases
Our headquarters are located in Redwood City, California, where we occupy approximately
107,200
square feet of office and laboratory space in
four
buildings within the same business park of Metropolitan Life Insurance Company ("MetLife"). Our lease (“Lease”) with MetLife includes approximately
28,200
square feet of space located at 200 and 220 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, California (the “Penobscot Space”), approximately
37,900
square feet of space located at 400 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, California (the “Building 2 Space”), approximately
11,200
square feet of space located at 501 Chesapeake Drive, Redwood City, California (the “501 Chesapeake Space”), and approximately
29,900
square feet of space located at 101 Saginaw Drive, Redwood City, California (the “Saginaw Space”).
We entered into the initial lease with MetLife for a portion of this space in 2004 and the lease has been amended multiple times since then to adjust space and amend the terms of the Lease. The lease amendment ("Seventh Amendment") in October 2016 waived our existing asset retirement obligation for one of our buildings and extended the lease term to January 2022. The various terms for the spaces under the lease have expiration dates that range from January 2020 through January 2022.
Beginning in February 2014, we have subleased certain office and laboratory space to different subtenants with separate options to extend the subleases. These subleases will expire in November 2019.
In February 2019, we entered into the eighth amendment to the Lease ("Eighth Amendment") with MetLife to extend the lease terms for the Penobscot Space, the Building 2 Space and the Chesapeake Space for another
88 months
. The lease on the Saginaw Space will expire in January 2020. The lease terms for the Penobscot Space and Building 2 Space have an expiration date of May 2027. The lease term for the 501 Chesapeake Space has an expiration date of May 2029.
We incurred
$3.6 million
of capital improvement costs related to the facilities leased from MetLife through December 31, 2012. During 2011 and 2012, we requested and received
$3.1 million
of reimbursements from the landlord for the tenant improvement and HVAC allowances for the completed construction. The reimbursements were recorded once cash was received and are amortized on a straight line basis over the term of the lease as a reduction in rent expense. The remaining lease incentive obligations were
zero
and
$0.5 million
at
March 31, 2019
and
December 31, 2018
, respectively. Prior to adoption of ASC 842, lease incentive obligation were reflected as liabilities on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Upon adoption of ASC 842, lease incentive obligations were cleared to zero to create our right-of-use assets related to operating lease, reflected on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Rent expense for the Redwood City properties is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
We are required to restore certain areas of the Redwood City facilities that we are renting to their original form. We are expensing the asset retirement obligation over the terms of the respective leases. We review the estimated obligation each reporting period and make adjustments if our estimates change. We recorded asset retirement obligations of
$0.2 million
as of
March 31, 2019
and
December 31, 2018
, respectively, which are included in other liabilities on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Accretion expense related to our asset retirement obligations was
nominal
in the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
March 31, 2018
.
Pursuant to the terms of the amended lease agreement, we exercised our right to deliver a letter of credit in lieu of a security deposit. The letter of credit is collateralized by deposit balances held by the bank in the amount of
$1.1 million
and
$0.7 million
as of
March 31, 2019
and
December 31, 2018
, respectively. These deposits are recorded as restricted cash on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Rent expense was
$1.2 million
and
$0.8 million
during the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
2018
, respectively, partially offset by sublease income of
$0.2 million
and
$0.3 million
, respectively.
Finance Leases
In December 2016, we entered into a
three
-year financing lease agreement with a third party supplier for the purchase of laboratory equipment that was partially financed through a finance lease of approximately
$0.4 million
. The lease became effective upon delivery of the equipment, which occurred in February 2017, and the term of the lease is
three
years from the effective date. This financing agreement was accounted for as a capital lease due to the bargain purchase option at the end of the lease.
In April 2017, we entered into a
three
-year financing lease agreement with a third party supplier for the purchase of information technology equipment for approximately
$0.3 million
. The effective date of the lease was May 19, 2017 and the term of the lease is
three
years. This financing agreement was accounted for as a finance lease due to the bargain purchase option at the end of the lease.
Adoption of ASC 842
On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842, using a modified retrospective approach and effective date method per adoption of ASU 2018-11. We completed the full analysis by January, 2019 and we evaluated the right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease obligations using the incremental borrowing rate (IBR) at December 31, 2018 because the implicit rate is not readily determinable in the lease agreement. Upon adoption of ASC 842, all existing leases will be classified as either operating lease or finance lease. All existing leases that were classified as capital leases in accordance with Topic 840 will be classified as finance leases. We recorded
$26.6 million
of ROU assets and
$27.6 million
of lease obligations for operating leases and
$0.5 million
of ROU assets and
$0.3 million
of lease obligations for finance leases in the balance sheet at the beginning of 2019.
Practical Expedients, Elections, and Exemptions
We used a practical expedient available under ASC 842-10-65-1(f) that permits us not to reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; not to reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases (for example, all existing leases that were classified as operating leases in accordance with ASC 840 will be classified as operating leases, and
all existing leases that were classified as capital leases in accordance with ASC 840 will be classified as finance leases); and not to reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases.
On January 1, 2019, we also made an accounting policy election (by class of underlying asset to which the right of use relates) to apply accounting to leases that meet ASC 842’s definition of a short-term lease (i.e., the short-term lease exemption). A short-term lease is defined as a lease that, at the commencement date, has a lease term of 12 months or less and does not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise.
The following table shows the reconciliation of right-of-use assets and lease obligations, with balances reflecting the adoption of ASC 842, related to both operating leases and finance leases and gives effect to the modified retrospective adoption and effective date method of the lease guidance on January 1, 2019 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating leases
|
|
Finance Leases
|
|
Right-of-use assets, balance at December 31, 2018
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
Changes in the period:
|
|
|
|
|
Right-of-use assets created upon adoption of ASC 842
|
26,617
|
|
|
493
|
|
|
Right-of-use assets, balance at January 1, 2019
|
$
|
26,617
|
|
|
$
|
493
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease obligations, balance at December 31, 2018
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
Changes in the period:
|
|
|
|
|
Lease obligations created upon adoption of ASC 842
|
27,562
|
|
|
302
|
|
|
Lease obligations, balance at January 1, 2019
|
$
|
27,562
|
|
|
$
|
302
|
|
Lease related expenses under non-cancellable finance and operating leases and under non-cancellable subleases as follows (in thousands except discount rate and lease term):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended March 31, 2019
|
|
Lease costs
|
|
|
Finance lease cost:
|
|
|
|
Amortization of right-of-use assets
|
$
|
54
|
|
|
Interest on lease obligations
|
4
|
|
|
Operating lease cost
|
1,178
|
|
|
Sublease income
|
(211
|
)
|
|
Total lease cost
|
$
|
1,025
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other information
|
|
|
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years):
|
|
|
Finance leases
|
1.0
|
|
|
Operating leases
|
8.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average discount rate:
|
|
|
Finance leases
|
5.0
|
%
|
|
Operating leases
|
6.6
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease obligations
|
|
|
|
Operating cash flows from operating leases
|
$
|
812
|
|
|
Operating cash flows from finance leases
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
Financing cash flows from finance leases
|
$
|
59
|
|
As of
March 31, 2019
, under ASC 842, maturity analysis of annual undiscounted cash flows of the non-cancellable finance and operating leases as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ending December 31,
|
Finance Leases
|
|
Operating Leases
|
|
2019 (remaining 9 months)
|
$
|
189
|
|
|
$
|
2,469
|
|
|
2020
|
61
|
|
|
2,816
|
|
|
2021
|
—
|
|
|
4,197
|
|
|
2022
|
—
|
|
|
4,285
|
|
|
2023
|
—
|
|
|
4,589
|
|
|
2024 and thereafter
|
—
|
|
|
18,220
|
|
|
Total minimum lease payments
(1)
|
$
|
250
|
|
|
$
|
36,576
|
|
|
Less: imputed interest
|
(8
|
)
|
|
(9,352
|
)
|
|
Lease Obligations
|
$
|
242
|
|
|
$
|
27,224
|
|
(1)
Minimum payments have not been reduced by future minimum sublease rentals of
$0.7 million
to be received under non-cancellable subleases at
March 31, 2019
.
As of December 31, 2018, under ASC 840, maturity analysis of annual undiscounted cash flows of the non-cancellable capital and operating leases as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ending December 31,
|
Capital Leases
|
|
Operating Leases
|
|
2019
|
$
|
252
|
|
|
$
|
3,280
|
|
|
2020
|
61
|
|
|
712
|
|
|
2021
|
—
|
|
|
490
|
|
|
2022
|
—
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
2023
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
Total minimum lease payments
(1)
|
313
|
|
|
$
|
4,523
|
|
|
Less: amount representing interest
|
(10
|
)
|
|
|
|
Present value of capital lease obligations
|
303
|
|
|
|
|
Less: current portion
|
(242
|
)
|
|
|
|
Long-term portion of capital leases
|
$
|
61
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Minimum payments have not been reduced by future minimum sublease rentals of
$0.9 million
to be received under non-cancellable subleases.
Other Commitments
We enter into supply and service arrangements in the normal course of business. Supply arrangements are primarily for fixed-price manufacture and supply. Service agreements are primarily for the development of manufacturing processes and certain studies. Commitments under service agreements are subject to cancellation at our discretion which may require payment of certain cancellation fees. The timing of completion of service arrangements is subject to variability in estimates of the time required to complete the work.
The following table provides quantitative data regarding our other commitments. Future minimum payments reflect amounts that we expect to pay including potential obligations under services agreements subject to risk of cancellation by us (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Commitment Agreement Type
|
|
Agreement Date
|
|
Future Minimum Payment
|
|
Manufacture and supply agreement with expected future payment date of December 2022
|
|
April 2016
|
|
$
|
1,310
|
|
|
Service agreement for clinical trial
|
|
December 2017
|
|
455
|
|
|
Total other commitments
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,765
|
|
Credit Facility
Effective June 30, 2017, we entered into a credit facility (the "Credit Facility") consisting of term loans ("Term Debt") totaling up to
$10.0 million
, and advances ("Advances") under a revolving line of credit ("Revolving Line of Credit") totaling up to
$5.0 million
with an
accounts receivable
borrowing base of
80%
of eligible accounts receivable. At
March 31, 2019
, we have not drawn from the Credit Facility. In September 2018, we entered into a Fourth Amendment to the Credit Facility whereby the draw period on the term debt was extended to September 30, 2019. In January 2019, we entered into a Fifth Amendment to the Credit Facility to allow for Codexis to obtain a letter of credit of up to $1.1 million to secure its obligations under the Lease with MetLife. We may draw on the Term Debt at any time prior to September 30, 2019, subject to customary conditions for funding including, among others, that no event of default exists. We may draw on the Revolving Line of Credit at any time prior to the maturity date. On
October 1, 2022
, any loans for Term Debt mature and the Revolving Line of Credit terminates. Term Debt bears interest through maturity at a variable rate based on the London Interbank Offered Rate plus
3.60%
. Advances under the Revolving Line of Credit bear interest at a variable annual rate equal to the greater of (i)
1.00%
above the
prime rate
and (ii)
5.00%
.
The Credit Facility allows for interest-only payments on Term Debt through
November 1, 2020
. Monthly payments of principal and interest on the Term Debt are required following the applicable amortization date. We may elect to prepay in full the Term Debt and Advances under the Revolving Line of Credit at any time.
Our obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by a lien on substantially all of our personal property other than our intellectual property. The Credit Facility includes a number of customary covenants and restrictions which require us to comply with certain financial covenants including achieving consolidated product revenues levels at minimum levels as set forth in the Credit Facility unless we maintain certain minimum cash levels with the lender in an amount equal to or greater than
six
times the sum of the average
six
-month trailing operating cash flow net outlay plus the average monthly principal due and payable in the immediately succeeding
three
-month period. The Credit Facility places various restrictions on our transferring collateral, incurring additional indebtedness, engaging in mergers or acquisitions, paying dividends or making other distributions, making investments, creating liens, and selling assets and permitted assets to be held at foreign subsidiaries above specified caps, in each case subject to certain exceptions. A failure to comply with these covenants could permit the lender to exercise remedies against us and the collateral securing the Credit Facility, including foreclosure of our properties securing the Credit Facility and our cash. At
March 31, 2019
, we were in compliance with the covenants for the Credit Facility.
Legal Proceedings
We are not currently a party to any material pending litigation or other material legal proceedings.
In February 2018, we and EnzymeWorks, Inc. (U.S.), Suzhou Hanmei Biotechnology Co. Ltd, d/b/a EnzymeWorks, Inc. (China) (collectively, "EnzymeWorks"), Junhua Tao, and Andrew Tao reached a settlement concerning the lawsuit filed by us in February 2016 against EnzymeWorks, Junhua Tao, and Andrew Tao in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. The parties have entered into a settlement agreement, the terms of which are confidential. The parties have also stipulated to a judgment of patent infringement of all asserted patents against EnzymeWorks, and a permanent injunction barring any future infringement. The remaining claims against EnzymeWorks, and all claims against Junhua Tao, and Andrew Tao including trade secret misappropriation, breach of contract and voidable transfer have been dismissed with prejudice. EnzymeWorks appealed the sanctions levied against them by Judge Orrick to the Federal Circuit and filed its opening brief on May 30, 2018. On July 9, 2018, Codexis filed its response brief, and EnzymeWorks filed its reply on July 30, 2018. On February 8, 2019, the Federal Circuit panel of judges assigned to the case issued an opinion affirming the lower court’s ruling and remanding the case to the lower court on jurisdictional grounds to vacate the order to which the parties had earlier stipulated. EnzymeWorks has
90 days
from the decision in which to appeal.
Indemnifications
We are required to recognize a liability for the fair value of any obligations we assume upon the issuance of a guarantee. We have certain agreements with licensors, licensees, and collaborators that contain indemnification provisions. In such provisions, we typically agree to indemnify the licensor, licensee and collaborator against certain types of third party claims. The maximum amount of the indemnifications is not limited. We accrue for known indemnification issues when a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. There were
no
accruals for expenses related to indemnification issues for any periods presented.
Note 12. Related Party Transactions
AstraZeneca PLC
Pam P. Cheng, a member of our board of directors, joined AstraZeneca PLC as Executive Vice President, Operations and Information Technology in June 2015. We sell biocatalyst products to AstraZeneca PLC and its controlled purchasing agents and contract manufacturers.
We recognized de minimis revenue and
$0.3 million
of product revenue in the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
2018
, respectively, from transactions with AstraZeneca PLC and its controlled purchasing agents and contract manufacturers. At
March 31, 2019
and
December 31, 2018
, we had
zero
and
$0.2 million
of accounts receivables from AstraZeneca, PLC, and its controlled purchasing agents and contract manufacturers, respectively.
Note 13. Segment, Geographical and Other Revenue Information
Segment Information
As discussed in Note 2, "Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," beginning in 2018, we identified our biotherapeutics business as a standalone business segment. Our
two
reportable business segments as of January 1, 2018, consisted of Performance Enzymes and Novel Biotherapeutics.
We report corporate-related expenses such as legal, accounting, information technology, and other costs that are not otherwise included in our reportable business segments as "Corporate costs." All items not included in income (loss) from operations are excluded from the business segments.
We manage our assets on a total company basis, not by business segment, as the majority of our operating assets are shared or commingled. Our CODM does not review asset information by business segment in assessing performance or allocating resources, and accordingly, we do not report asset information by business segment.
Performance Enzymes
We initially commercialized our CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering technology platform and products in the pharmaceuticals market, and to date this continues to be our largest market served. Our customers, which include many large global pharmaceutical companies, use our technology, products and services in their manufacturing processes and process development. We have also used the technology to develop customized enzymes for use in other industrial markets. These markets consist of several large industrial verticals, including food and food ingredients, animal feed, flavors, fragrances, and agricultural chemicals. We also use our technology to develop enzymes for customers using NGS and PCR/qPCR for in vitro molecular diagnostic and molecular biology research applications.
Novel Biotherapeutics
We are also targeting new opportunities in the pharmaceutical industry to discover, improve, and/or develop biotherapeutic drug candidates. We believe that our CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering platform technology can be used to discover novel biotherapeutic drug candidates that will target human diseases that are in need of improved therapeutic interventions. Similarly, we believe that we can deploy our platform technology to improve specific characteristics of a customer’s pre-existing biotherapeutic drug candidate, such as its activity, stability or immunogenicity. Most notable is our lead program for the potential treatment of PKU in humans. PKU is an inherited metabolic disorder in which the enzyme that converts the essential amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine is deficient. In October 2017, we announced a strategic collaboration with Nestlé Health Science to advance CDX-6114, our own novel orally administrable enzyme therapeutic candidate for the potential treatment of PKU. In July 2018, we announced that we had dosed the first subjects in a first-in-human Phase 1a dose-escalation trial with CDX-6114, which was conducted in Australia. In November 2018, we announced top-line results from the Phase 1a study in healthy volunteers with CDX-6114. In December 2018, Nestlé Health Science became obligated to pay us an additional
$1.0 million
within
60 days
after the achievement of a milestone relating to formulation of CDX-6114. In January 2019, we received notice from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) that it had completed its review of our investigational new drug application (“IND”) for CDX-6114 and concluded that we may proceed with the proposed Phase 1b multiple ascending dose study in healthy volunteers in the United States. In February 2019, Nestlé Health Science exercised its option to obtain an exclusive license for the global development and commercialization of CDX-6114 for the management of PKU. The exercise of the option triggered a
$3 million
milestone payment which we recognized in the first quarter of 2019. Upon exercising its option, Nestlé Health Science has assumed all responsibilities for future clinical development and commercialization of CDX-6114, with the exception of the completion of an extension study, CDX - 6114-004, which is expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2019. For the
three months ended March 31, 2019
and
2018
, all revenues related to the Novel Biotherapeutics segment were generated from our collaborations with Nestlé Health Science.
We have also developed a pipeline of other biotherapeutic drug candidates, which are in preclinical development, and in which we expect to continue to make additional investments with the aim of advancing additional product candidates targeting other therapeutic areas.
Our CODM regularly reviews our segments and the approach provided by management for performance evaluation and resource allocation.
Operating expenses that directly support the segment activity are allocated based on segment headcount, revenue contribution or activity of the business units within the segments, based on the corporate activity type provided to the segment. The expense allocation excludes certain corporate costs that are separately managed from the segments. This provides the CODM with more meaningful segment profitability reporting to support operating decisions and allocate resources.
The following table provides financial information by our reportable business segments along with a reconciliation to consolidated loss before income taxes (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended March 31, 2019
|
|
Three months ended March 31, 2018
|
|
|
|
Performance Enzymes
|
|
Novel Biotherapeutics
|
|
Total
|
|
Performance Enzymes
|
|
Novel Biotherapeutics
|
|
Total
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product revenue
|
|
$
|
7,988
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
7,988
|
|
|
$
|
6,163
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
6,163
|
|
|
Research and development revenue
|
|
2,099
|
|
|
5,496
|
|
|
7,595
|
|
|
4,566
|
|
|
3,313
|
|
|
7,879
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
10,087
|
|
|
5,496
|
|
|
15,583
|
|
|
10,729
|
|
|
3,313
|
|
|
14,042
|
|
|
Costs and operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of product revenue
|
|
4,391
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
4,391
|
|
|
3,825
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
3,825
|
|
|
Research and development
(1)
|
|
4,442
|
|
|
3,317
|
|
|
7,759
|
|
|
5,066
|
|
|
1,932
|
|
|
6,998
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
2,101
|
|
|
517
|
|
|
2,618
|
|
|
2,096
|
|
|
146
|
|
|
2,242
|
|
|
Total segment costs and operating expenses
|
|
10,934
|
|
|
3,834
|
|
|
14,768
|
|
|
10,987
|
|
|
2,078
|
|
|
13,065
|
|
|
Income (loss) from operations
|
|
$
|
(847
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,662
|
|
|
$
|
815
|
|
|
$
|
(258
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,235
|
|
|
$
|
977
|
|
|
Corporate costs
(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,575
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,435
|
)
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
|
|
|
(373
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(238
|
)
|
|
Loss before income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
(5,133
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
(4,696
|
)
|
(1)
Research and development expenses exclude depreciation.
(2)
Corporate costs include unallocated selling, general and administrative expense, interest income, and other income and expenses.
The following table provides stock-based compensation expense included in income (loss) from operations by segment (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended March 31, 2019
|
|
Three months ended March 31, 2018
|
|
|
|
Performance Enzymes
|
|
Novel Biotherapeutics
|
|
Total
|
|
Performance Enzymes
|
|
Novel Biotherapeutics
|
|
Total
|
|
Stock-based compensation
|
|
$
|
636
|
|
|
$
|
141
|
|
|
$
|
777
|
|
|
$
|
333
|
|
|
$
|
63
|
|
|
$
|
396
|
|
Significant Customers
Customers that each contributed 10% or more of our total revenues were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percentage of Total Revenues
|
|
|
For the three months ended March 31,
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
Customer A
|
41%
|
|
48%
|
|
Customer B
|
35%
|
|
24%
|
|
Customer C
|
*
|
|
10%
|
Customers that each contributed 10% or more of our total accounts receivable had the following balances as of the periods presented:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percentage of Accounts Receivables as of
|
|
|
March 31, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
|
Customer A
|
33%
|
|
37%
|
|
Customer B
|
30%
|
|
17%
|
|
Customer D
|
17%
|
|
*
|
|
Customer E
|
*
|
|
11%
|
|
Customer F
|
*
|
|
16%
|
*
Less than 10% of the period presented
Geographical Information
Geographic revenues are identified by the location of the customer and consist of the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
Americas
|
$
|
2,838
|
|
|
$
|
3,597
|
|
|
EMEA
|
7,726
|
|
|
4,992
|
|
|
APAC
|
5,019
|
|
|
5,453
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
$
|
15,583
|
|
|
$
|
14,042
|
|
Identifiable long-lived assets by location and goodwill by reporting unit were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-lived assets:
|
March 31, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
|
United States
|
$
|
30,886
|
|
|
$
|
4,759
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018
|
|
|
|
Performance Enzymes
|
|
Novel Biotherapeutics
|
|
Total
|
|
Goodwill
|
|
$
|
2,463
|
|
|
$
|
778
|
|
|
$
|
3,241
|
|
Note 14. Subsequent Events
Platform Technology Transfer and License Agreement
In May 2019, we entered into a Platform Technology Transfer and License Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Novartis Pharma AG (“Novartis”). The Agreement allows Novartis to use Codexis’ proprietary CodeEvolver
®
protein engineering platform technology (the “CodeEvolver Platform Technology”) in the field of human healthcare. Under the Agreement, we will transfer the CodeEvolver Platform Technology to Novartis over approximately
20 months
starting with the date on which we commence the technology transfer (the “Technology Transfer Period”). As a part of this technology transfer, our company will provide to Novartis Codexis’ proprietary enzymes, proprietary protein engineering protocols and methods, and proprietary software algorithms. In addition, teams of Codexis and Novartis scientists will participate in technology training sessions and collaborative research projects at Codexis’ laboratories in Redwood City, California and at a designated Novartis laboratory in Basel, Switzerland. Upon completion of technology transfer, Novartis will have the CodeEvolver Platform Technology installed at its designated laboratory.
Novartis will pay Codexis up to
$14 million
over approximately the next
22 months
,
$5 million
of which will be paid shortly after the Effective Date of the Agreement, and an additional
$4 million
of which is subject to satisfactory completion of the first technology transfer milestone and
$5 million
of which is subject to satisfactory completion of the second technology transfer milestone. In consideration for the continued disclosure and license of improvements to the Codexis technology and materials during a multi-year period that begins on the conclusion of the Technology Transfer Period (“Improvements Term”), Novartis will pay Codexis annual payments which amount to an additional
$8 million
. Codexis also has the potential to receive quantity-dependent, usage payments for each API that is manufactured by Novartis using one or more enzymes that have been developed or are in development using the CodeEvolver Platform Technology during the period that begins on the conclusion of the Technology Transfer Period and ends on the expiration date of the last to expire licensed patent. These product-related usage payments, if any, will be paid by Novartis to Codexis for each quarter that Novartis manufactures API using a CodeEvolver
®
-developed enzyme. The usage payments will be based on the total volume of API produced using the CodeEvolver
®
-developed enzyme. These usage payments can begin in the clinical stage, and will extend throughout the commercial life of each API.
Commercial Agreement
In April 2019, we entered into a multi-year commercial agreement with Tate & Lyle Ingredients Americas LLC (“Tate & Lyle”) under which Tate & Lyle has received an exclusive license to use a suite of Codexis novel performance enzymes in the manufacture of Tate & Lyle’s zero-calorie stevia sweetener, TASTEVA
®
M, and other stevia products. Under the agreement, Codexis will supply Tate & Lyle with its requirements for these enzymes over a multiple year period.
