UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549   
 
FORM 10-Q  
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018
or
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission file number: 000-50129  
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)   
DELAWARE
 
59-3547281
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(IRS Employer Identification No.)
 
1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10019
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(212) 351-7300
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)  
   
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   x     No   o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes   x     No   o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

Large accelerated filer
o
 
Accelerated filer
o
Non-accelerated filer
o
(do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
x
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
o
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   o     No  x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class
 
Outstanding on September 30, 2018
Common Stock - $0.001 par value
 
32,047,353


HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
INDEX


 
 
Page
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
 
 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
 
 


PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)  
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Revenue
$
17,127

 
$
15,898

 
$
50,357

 
$
44,371

Direct costs
6,246

 
4,728

 
18,521

 
12,492

Gross profit
10,881

 
11,170

 
31,836

 
31,879

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and related
8,925

 
9,331

 
28,586

 
26,884

Other selling, general and administrative
2,696

 
1,761

 
7,905

 
5,633

Depreciation and amortization
1

 
79

 
3

 
238

Business reorganization
—

 
—

 
—

 
(112
)
Operating income (loss)
(741
)
 
(1
)
 
(4,658
)
 
(764
)
Non-operating income (expense):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income (expense), net
102

 
(3
)
 
162

 
(7
)
Other income (expense), net
(72
)
 
(19
)
 
(184
)
 
(71
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income taxes
(711
)
 
(23
)
 
(4,680
)
 
(842
)
Provision for income taxes from continuing operations
112

 
459

 
393

 
850

Income (loss) from continuing operations
(823
)
 
(482
)
 
(5,073
)
 
(1,692
)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
(47
)
 
(366
)
 
13,560

 
756

Net income (loss)
$
(870
)
 
$
(848
)
 
$
8,487

 
$
(936
)
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations
$
(0.02
)
 
$
(0.01
)
 
$
(0.15
)
 
$
(0.05
)
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations
—

 
(0.01
)
 
0.41

 
0.02

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share
$
(0.03
)
 
$
(0.03
)
 
$
0.26

 
$
(0.03
)
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
33,101

 
32,151

 
32,746

 
32,120

Diluted
33,101

 
32,151

 
32,746

 
32,120


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.



- 1 -

HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
(870
)
 
$
(848
)
 
$
8,487

 
$
(936
)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of applicable income taxes
(155
)
 
965

 
(251
)
 
3,594

Pension liability adjustment, net of income taxes
—

 
—

 
—

 
4

Reclassification of currency translation adjustment included in income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
—

 
—

 
(10,819
)
 
—

Reclassification of pension liability adjustment included in income (loss) from discontinued operation, net of income taxes
—

 
—

 
(38
)
 
—

Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes
(155
)
 
965

 
(11,108
)
 
3,598

Comprehensive income (loss)
$
(1,025
)
 
$
117

 
$
(2,621
)
 
$
2,662


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

- 2 -



HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
ASSETS
 

 
 

Current assets:
 

 
 

Cash and cash equivalents
$
38,436

 
$
5,580

Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $52 and $69, respectively
14,500

 
11,545

Prepaid and other
594

 
388

Current assets of discontinued operations
—

 
79,530

Total current assets
53,530

 
97,043

Property and equipment, net
149

 
1

Deferred tax assets, non-current
350

 
324

Restricted cash, non-current
352

 
102

Other assets, non-current
55

 
269

Non-current assets of discontinued operations
—

 
13,901

Total assets
$
54,436

 
$
111,640

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
 

 
 

Current liabilities:
 

 
 

Accounts payable
$
1,206

 
$
1,193

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
9,561

 
7,259

Current liabilities of discontinued operations
61

 
51,952

Total current liabilities
10,828

 
60,404

Income tax payable, non-current
2,001

 
1,682

Other non-current liabilities
295

 
192

Non-current liabilities of discontinued operations
—

 
6,210

Total liabilities
13,124

 
68,488

Commitments and contingencies


 


Stockholders' equity:
 

 
 

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding
—

 
—

Common stock, $0.001 par value, 100,000 shares authorized; issued 36,135 and 34,959 shares, respectively
34

 
34

Additional paid-in capital
484,890

 
483,558

Accumulated deficit
(434,932
)
 
(443,419
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable tax
(399
)
 
10,709

Treasury stock, 4,087 and 3,800 shares, respectively, at cost
(8,281
)
 
(7,730
)
Total stockholders' equity
41,312

 
43,152

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
54,436

 
$
111,640

 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
 



- 3 -

HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
 

 
 

Net income (loss)
$
8,487

 
$
(936
)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
 

 
 

Depreciation and amortization
683

 
2,050

Provision for (recovery of) doubtful accounts
28

 
78

Provision for (benefit from) deferred income taxes
157

 
345

Stock-based compensation
1,332

 
937

Gain on sale of consolidated subsidiaries
(13,985
)
 
—

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect of dispositions:
 
 
 
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable
(9,964
)
 
(7,596
)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid and other assets
(202
)
 
67

Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
(4,358
)
 
2,438

Increase (decrease) in accrued business reorganization
(502
)
 
(1,129
)
Net cash used in operating activities
(18,324
)
 
(3,746
)
Cash flows from investing activities:
 

 
 

Capital expenditures
(284
)
 
(679
)
Proceeds from sale of consolidated subsidiaries, net of cash and restricted cash sold
27,901

 
—

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
27,617

 
(679
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 

 
 

Borrowings under credit agreements
59,647

 
133,404

Repayments under credit agreements
(51,682
)
 
(133,935
)
Repayment of capital lease obligations
(27
)
 
(69
)
Purchase of treasury stock
(3
)
 
(703
)
Purchase of restricted stock from employees
(548
)
 
(5
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
7,387

 
(1,308
)
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
179

 
1,045

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
16,859

 
(4,688
)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of the period
22,006

 
22,511

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of the period
$
38,865

 
$
17,823

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
 
 
 
Cash paid during the period for interest
$
(92
)
 
$
(312
)
Cash received during the period for interest
$
159

 
$
—

Purchases of property and equipment in accounts payable
$
(146
)
 
$
—

Net cash payments during the period for income taxes
$
(141
)
 
$
(1,543
)
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.  

- 4 -

HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
 
Common stock Outstanding
 
Additional
paid-in
capital
 
Accumulated
deficit
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
 
Treasury
stock
 
Total
 
Shares
 
Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2017
31,159

 
$
34

 
$
483,558

 
$
(443,419
)
 
$
10,709

 
$
(7,730
)
 
$
43,152

Net income (loss)
—

 
—

 
—

 
8,487

 
—

 
—

 
8,487

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(11,108
)
 
—

 
(11,108
)
Purchase of treasury stock
(2
)
 


 


 


 


 
(3
)
 
(3
)
Purchase of restricted stock from employees
(284
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(548
)
 
(548
)
Stock-based compensation
1,175

 


 
1,332

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,332

Balance at September 30, 2018
32,048

 
$
34

 
$
484,890

 
$
(434,932
)
 
$
(399
)
 
$
(8,281
)
 
$
41,312

 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

- 5 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)


NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States of America ("U.S.") generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for interim financial reporting and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes of Hudson Global, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") filed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 .
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of operating revenues and expenses. These estimates are based on management’s knowledge and judgments. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows at the dates and for the periods presented have been included. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the full year. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intra-entity balances and transactions between and among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation with no material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

The Company is comprised of the operations, assets, and liabilities of the three Hudson regional businesses of Hudson Americas, Hudson Asia Pacific, and Hudson Europe ("Hudson regional businesses" or "Hudson"). The Company provides specialized professional-level recruitment and related talent solutions. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company’s core service offerings included Permanent Recruitment, Contracting, Recruitment Process Outsourcing ("RPO"), and Talent Management Solutions. On March 31, 2018 the Company completed the sale of its Recruitment and Talent Management ("RTM") businesses in three separate transactions and retained its RPO business. The first quarter results for the RTM businesses are reported as discontinued operations. For more information, see Note 5.
As a result of the divestiture of the RTM businesses, the Company now operates directly in nine countries with three reportable geographic business segments: Hudson Americas, Hudson Asia Pacific, and Hudson Europe. See Note 13 for further details regarding the reportable segments.
The Company’s core service offering following the divestiture is RPO. The Company delivers RPO permanent recruitment and contracting outsourced recruitment solutions tailored to the individual needs of primarily mid-to-large-cap multinational companies. The Company's RPO delivery teams utilize state-of-the-art recruitment process methodologies and project management expertise in their flexible, turnkey solutions to meet clients' ongoing business needs. The Company's RPO services include complete recruitment outsourcing, project-based outsourcing, contingent workforce solutions, and recruitment consulting.

Corporate expenses are reported separately from the reportable segments and pertain to certain functions, such as executive management, corporate governance, human resources, accounting, tax, marketing, information technology, and treasury. A portion of these expenses are attributed to the reportable segments for providing the above services to them and have been allocated to the segments as management service fees and are included in the segments’ non-operating other income (expense).

- 6 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

NOTE 3 – ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements

On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Updates ("ASU") No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" ("ASU 2014-09") and a series of related accounting standard updates designed to create improved revenue recognition and disclosure comparability in financial statements. For more information, see Note 4.

On January 1, 2018, we retroactively adopted ASU No. 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") Emerging Issues Task Force)." This ASU requires the statements of cash flows to present the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are now included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period amounts presented on the statements of cash flows. The retrospective application of this new accounting guidance resulted in a decrease of $201 in "Decrease (increase) in prepaid and other assets" in Net Cash used in Operating Activities, an increase of $1,189 in "Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash, beginning of the period," and an increase of $989 in "Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash, end of period" in our accompanying consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from what was previously presented in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation: Scope of Modification Accounting" ("ASU 2017-09"), which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. An entity will account for the effects of a modification unless the fair value of the modified award is the same as the original award, the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the original award, and the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or liability instrument is the same as the original award. ASU 2017-09 is effective for all annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 on January 1, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, "Customer Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract." ("ASU 2018-15"), which requires implementation costs incurred by customers in a cloud computing arrangement to be deferred and recognized over the term of the arrangement, if those costs would be capitalized by the customer in a software licensing arrangement under the internal-use software guidance in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350-40. The amendments in ASU 2018-15 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact to its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, "Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" ("ASU 2018-02"), which provides guidance on reclassification of certain stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Act"), enacted on December 22, 2017. ASU No. 2018-02 allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the application of the Tax Act. Additionally, ASU No. 2018-02 requires financial statement preparers to disclose (1) a description of their accounting policy for releasing income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income, (2) whether they elect to reclassify the stranded income tax effects from the Tax Act, and (3) information about other income tax effects related to the application of the Tax Act that are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings, if any. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact to its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" ("ASU 2016-02") . This ASU requires a company to recognize lease assets and liabilities arising from operation leases in the statement of financial position. This ASU does not significantly change the previous lease guidance for how a lessee should recognize the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease. Additionally, the criteria for classifying a finance lease versus an

- 7 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

operating lease are substantially the same as the previous guidance. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, "Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements ("ASU 2018-11") . This ASU allows adoption of the standard as of the effective date without restating prior periods. The amendments in these ASUs are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt this ASU on January 1, 2019 and elect to not apply the recognition requirements to short-term leases and instead recognize the lease payments on a straight line basis over the lease term. We plan to complete our implementation plan during the fourth quarter of 2018 and report the results in our annual report.
There are no other recently issued accounting pronouncements that have had, or that the Company believes will have, a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

NOTE  4 – REVENUE RECOGNITION
  Adoption of New Revenue Recognition Guidance

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09   using the modified retrospective approach. Under this method, the guidance is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements. ASU 2014-09 outlines a single comprehensive revenue recognition model for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most of the previous revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. Under ASU 2014-09, an entity recognizes revenue for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration for which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Our revenue recognition practices remained substantially unchanged as a result of adoption ASU 2014-09 and we did not have any significant changes in our business processes or systems.

Nature of Services

We account for a contract when both parties to the contract have approved the contract, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of consideration is probable. Revenues are recognized over time, using an output measure, as the control of the promised services is transferred to the client in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services. The majority of our contracts are short-term in nature as they include termination clauses that allows either party to cancel within a short termination period, without cause. Revenue includes billable travel and other reimbursable costs and are reported net of sales or use taxes collected from clients and remitted to taxing authorities.

We generally determine standalone selling prices based on the prices included in the client contracts, using expected cost plus profit, or other observable prices. The price as specified in our client contracts is generally considered the standalone selling price as it is an observable input that depicts the price as if sold to a similar client in similar circumstances. Certain client contracts have variable consideration, including usage based fees that increase the transaction price and volume rebates or other similar items that generally reduce the transaction price. We estimate variable consideration using the expected value method based on the terms of the client contract and historical evidence. These amounts may be constrained and are only included in revenue to the extent we do not expect a significant reversal when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimated amounts of variable consideration subject to constraints are not material and we do not believe that there will be significant changes to our estimates.

We record accounts receivable when our right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract assets primarily relate to our rights to consideration for services provided that they are conditional on satisfaction of future performance obligations. A contract liability for deferred revenue is recorded when consideration is received, or is unconditionally due, from a client prior to transferring control of services to the client under the terms of a contract. Deferred revenue balances typically result from advance payments received from clients prior to transfer services. We do not have any material contract assets or liabilities as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 .

Payment terms vary by client and the services offered. We consider payment terms that exceed one year to be extended payment terms. Substantially all of the Company's contracts include payment terms of 90 days or less and we do not extend payment terms beyond one year.


- 8 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

We primarily record revenue on a gross basis as a principal in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income based upon the following key factors:

•
We maintain the direct contractual relationship with the client and are responsible for fulfilling the service promised to the client.

•
We maintain control over our contractors while the services to the client are being performed, including our contractors' billing rates.

RPO Recruitment. We provide complete recruitment outsourcing, project-based outsourcing, and recruitment consulting for clients' permanent staff hires. We recognize revenue for our RPO recruitment over time in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to and have an enforceable right to payment in exchange for our services. The client simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the services as they are provided. The transaction prices contains both fixed fee and variable usage based consideration. Variable usage based consideration is constrained by candidates accepting offers of permanent employment. We recognized revenue on the fixed fee as the performance obligations are satisfied and usage based fees as the constraint is lifted. We do not incur incremental costs to obtain our RPO recruitment contracts. The costs to fulfill these contracts are expensed as incurred.

RPO Contracting. We provide RPO clients with a range of outsourced professional contract staffing services and managed service provider services offered sometimes on a standalone basis and sometimes as part of a blended total talent solution. We recognize revenue for our RPO contracting services over time as services are performed in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to and have an enforceable right to payment in exchange for our services, which is generally calculated as hours worked multiplied by the agreed-upon hourly bill rate. The client simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the services as they are provided. We do not incur incremental costs to obtain our RPO contracting contracts. The costs incurred to fulfill these contracts are expensed as incurred.

Unsatisfied performance obligations. As a practical expedient, we do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an expected original duration of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our disaggregated revenues from continuing operations by revenue source. For additional information on the disaggregated revenues by geographical segment, see Note 13 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
RPO Recruitment
 
RPO Contracting
 
Total
Revenue
$
11,043

 
$
6,084

 
$
17,127

Direct costs (1)
699

 
5,547

 
6,246

Gross profit
$
10,344

 
$
537

 
$
10,881

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
RPO Recruitment
 
RPO Contracting
 
Total
Revenue
$
11,193

 
$
4,705

 
$
15,898

Direct costs (1)
473

 
4,255

 
4,728

Gross profit
$
10,720

 
$
450

 
$
11,170


- 9 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
RPO Recruitment
 
RPO Contracting
 
Total
Revenue
$
34,428

 
$
15,929

 
$
50,357

Direct costs (1)
4,181

 
14,340

 
18,521

Gross profit
$
30,247

 
$
1,589

 
$
31,836

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
RPO Recruitment
 
RPO Contracting
 
Total
Revenue
$
32,249

 
$
12,122

 
$
44,371

Direct costs (1)
1,562

 
10,930

 
12,492

Gross profit
$
30,687

 
$
1,192

 
$
31,879


(1)
Direct costs in RPO Contracting include the direct staffing costs of salaries, payroll taxes, employee benefits, travel expenses, rent, and insurance costs for the Company’s contractors and reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses and other direct costs. The region where services are provided, the mix of RPO recruitment and RPO contracting, and the functional nature of the staffing services provided can affect gross profit. The salaries, commissions, payroll taxes and employee benefits related to recruitment professionals are included under the caption "Salaries and related" in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

NOTE 5 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
    
On March 31, 2018, the Company completed the sale of its RTM Businesses in Belgium, Europe (excluding Belgium) and Asia Pacific ("APAC") in separate transactions (the "Sale Transactions") to Value Plus NV, Morgan Philips Group S.A., and Apache Group Holdings Pty Limited, respectively. The gross proceeds from the sale were $38,960 . In addition $17,626 of debt was assumed by the buyers.

The following is a reconciliation of the gross proceeds to the net proceeds as presented in the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 .
Gross proceeds
$
38,960

Add: purchase price adjustments
149

Less: cash and restricted cash sold
(9,547
)
Less: transaction costs
(1,642
)
Net cash proceeds as presented in the statement of cash flows
$
27,920


The divestiture generated a pre-tax gain of $13,985 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , which includes a benefit of $10,819 reclassification adjustment relating to the net foreign currency translation gains previously included in accumulated other comprehensive income. The pre-tax gain is subject to adjustment for various purchase price adjustments.

The RTM businesses met the criteria for discontinued operations set forth in ASC 205 on March 31, 2018 subsequent to approval of the sale by our stockholders. The Company reclassified its discontinued operations for all periods presented and has excluded the results of its discontinued operations from continuing operations and from segment results for all periods presented.


- 10 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

The carrying amounts of the classes of assets and liabilities from the RTM businesses included in discontinued operations were as follows:
 
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Cash
 
$
—

 
$
15,460

Accounts receivable
 
—

 
60,333

Prepaid and other current assets
 
—

 
3,737

Total current assets
 
—

 
79,530

Property and equipment, net
 
—

 
6,251

Deferred tax assets, non-current
 
—

 
6,080

Other assets, non-current
 
—

 
1,570

Total non-current assets
 
—

 
13,901

Total assets
 
$
—

 
$
93,431

 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable
 
$
—

 
$
5,764

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
 
61

 
39,108

Short-term borrowings
 
—

 
7,080

Total current liabilities
 
61

 
51,952

Total non-current liabilities
 
—

 
6,210

Total liabilities
 
$
61

 
$
58,162


Reported results for the discontinued operations by period were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Revenue
$
—

 
$
102,210

 
$
108,463

 
$
290,733

Gross profit
—

 
36,075

 
38,663

 
106,124

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and related
—

 
27,142

 
29,032

 
79,094

Other selling, general and administrative
—

 
7,938

 
8,355

 
22,255

Depreciation and amortization
—

 
618

 
680

 
1,812

Business reorganization
—

 
493

 
50

 
782

Operating income (loss)
—

 
(116
)
 
546

 
2,181

Non-operating income (expense):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income (expense), net
—

 
(107
)
 
(88
)
 
(310
)
Other non-operating income (loss)
—

 
(102
)
 
216

 
(440
)
Income (Loss) from discontinued operations before taxes and gain (loss) on sale
—

 
(325
)
 
674

 
1,431

Gain (loss) from sale of discontinued operations
(47
)
 
—

 
13,985

 
—

Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes
(47
)
 
(325
)
 
14,659

 
1,431

Provision (benefit) for income taxes
—

 
41

 
1,099

 
675

Income (loss) from discontinued operations
$
(47
)
 
$
(366
)
 
$
13,560

 
$
756



- 11 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

Depreciation, capital expenditures, and significant operating and investment non cash items of the discontinued operations by period were as follows:
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Depreciation and amortization
$
680

 
$
1,812

Stock-based compensation expense
$
233

 
$
179

Capital expenditures
$
284

 
$
679


RTM Revenue Recognition

The Company's RTM businesses delivered permanent recruitment, contracting, and talent management solutions to its clients. The contracts have a single performance obligations and we recognized revenue from these services over time in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be entitled to in exchange for our services. We do not incur incremental costs to obtain these contracts. The costs to fulfill these contracts were expensed as incurred. See Note 4 for additional information on the Company's revenue recognition policies.

Permanent recruitment revenue. We recognize permanent placement revenue when employment candidates accept offers of permanent employment. We have a substantial history of estimating the financial impact of permanent placement candidates who do not remain with its clients through the typically 90-day guarantee period. Fees to clients are generally calculated as a percentage of the new employee’s annual compensation. No fees for permanent placement services are charged to employment candidates.

Temporary contracting revenue . We recognize temporary contracting revenue over time in the amount to which the Company has a right to invoice, when the services are rendered by the Company’s temporary employees which is generally calculated as hours worked multiplied by the agreed-upon hourly bill rate. The client simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the services as they are provided. We do not incur costs to obtain our temporary contracting contracts. The costs incurred to fulfill these contracts are expensed as incurred.

Talent management revenue . Talent management services generally contain a single performance obligation satisfied over time. Revenue is recognized over time as the performance obligation is satisfied, because the services provided do not have any alternative use to the Company, and contracts generally include language giving the Company an enforceable right to payment for services provided to date. We measure revenue using an output method. Cost incurred represents work performed and thereby best depicts the transfer of control to the customer.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our disaggregated revenues from discontinued operations by revenue source.

 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Permanent Recruitment
 
Contracting
 
Talent Management
 
Other
 
Total
Revenue
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Direct costs (1)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Gross profit
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
Permanent Recruitment
 
Contracting
 
Talent Management
 
Other
 
Total
Revenue
$
20,590

 
$
72,392

 
$
8,680

 
$
548

 
$
102,210

Direct costs (1)
62

 
64,005

 
1,500

 
568

 
66,135

Gross profit
$
20,528

 
$
8,387

 
$
7,180

 
$
(20
)
 
$
36,075


- 12 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)


 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Permanent Recruitment
 
Contracting
 
Talent Management
 
Other
 
Total
Revenue
$
20,700

 
$
76,615

 
$
10,694

 
$
454

 
$
108,463

Direct costs (1)
190

 
67,980

 
1,225

 
405

 
69,800

Gross profit
$
20,510

 
$
8,635

 
$
9,469

 
$
49

 
$
38,663

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
Permanent Recruitment
 
Contracting
 
Talent Management
 
Other
 
Total
Revenue
$
59,742

 
$
201,691

 
$
27,656

 
$
1,644

 
$
290,733

Direct costs (1)
190

 
177,847

 
4,915

 
1,657

 
184,609

Gross profit
$
59,552

 
$
23,844

 
$
22,741

 
$
(13
)
 
$
106,124



(1)
Direct costs include the direct staffing costs of salaries, payroll taxes, employee benefits, travel expenses, and insurance costs for the Company’s contractors and reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses and other direct costs. Other than reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses, there are no other direct costs associated with the Permanent Recruitment and Other categories. Gross profit represents revenue less direct costs. The region where services are provided, the mix of contracting, and permanent recruitment, and the functional nature of the staffing services provided can affect gross profit.



- 13 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

NOTE 6 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Incentive Compensation Plan
The Company maintains the Hudson Global, Inc. 2009 Incentive Stock and Awards Plan, as amended and restated May 24, 2016 (the "ISAP"), pursuant to which it can issue equity-based compensation incentives to eligible participants. The ISAP permits the granting of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and other types of equity-based awards. The Compensation Committee (the "Compensation Committee") of the Company’s Board of Directors (the "Board") will establish such conditions as it deems appropriate on the granting or vesting of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and other types of equity-based awards. As determined by the Compensation Committee, equity awards also may be subject to immediate vesting upon the occurrence of certain events following a change in control of the Company. The Company primarily grants restricted stock and restricted stock units to its employees. A restricted stock unit is equivalent to one share of the Company’s common stock and is payable only in common stock of the Company issued under the ISAP.
The Compensation Committee administers the ISAP and may designate any of the following as a participant under the ISAP: any officer or other employee of the Company or its affiliates or individuals engaged to become an officer or employee; consultants or other independent contractors who provide services to the Company or its affiliates; and non-employee directors of the Company. On May 24, 2016, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the ISAP to, among other things, increase the number of shares of the Company's common stock that are reserved for issuance by 2,400,000 shares. As of September 30, 2018 , there were 1,143,277 shares of the Company’s common stock available for future issuance under the ISAP.
The following table presents a summary of the quantity and vesting conditions for stock-based units granted to the Company's employees for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 :
Vesting conditions
 
Number of Restricted Stock Units Granted
Performance and service conditions (1) (2)
 
220,000

Performance and service conditions (1) (3)
 
207,353

Total shares of stock award granted
 
427,353

(1)
The performance conditions with respect to restricted stock units may be satisfied as follows: 
(a)
For employees from the Americas, APAC, and Europe 70% of the restricted stock units may be earned on the basis of performance as measured by a "regional adjusted EBITDA," and 30% of the restricted stock units may be earned on the basis of performance as measured by a "group adjusted EBITDA"; and
(b)
For employees from the Corporate office 50% of the restricted stock units may be earned on the basis of performance as measured by a "group adjusted EBITDA," and 50% of the restricted stock units may be earned on the basis of performance as measured by a "corporate costs" target.
(2)
To the extent restricted stock units are earned on the basis of performance, such restricted stock units will vest on the basis of service as follows:
(a)
33% of the restricted stock units will vest on the first anniversary of the grant date;
(b)
33% of the restricted stock units will vest on the second anniversary of the grant date; and
(c)
34% of the restricted stock units will vest on the third anniversary of the grant date; provided that, in each case, the employee remains employed by the Company from the grant date through the applicable service vesting date.
(3)
To the extent restricted stock units are earned on the basis of performance, such restricted stock units will vest on the basis of service as follows:
(a)
66.6% of the restricted stock units will vest on the first anniversary of the last day of the performance period;

- 14 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

(b)
16.7% of the restricted stock units will vest on the second anniversary of the last day of the performance period;
(c)
16.7% of the restricted stock units will vest on the third anniversary of the last day of the performance period; provided that, in each case, the employee remains employed by the Company from the grant date through the applicable service vesting date.
The Company also maintains the Director Deferred Share Plan (the "Director Plan") pursuant to which it can issue restricted stock units to its non-employee directors. A restricted stock unit is equivalent to one share of the Company’s common stock and is payable only in common stock issued under the ISAP upon a director ceasing service as a member of the Company's Board. The restricted stock units vest immediately upon grant and are credited to each of the non-employee director's retirement accounts under the Director Plan. Restricted stock units issued under the Director Plan contain the right to a dividend equivalent award in the form of additional restricted stock units. The dividend equivalent award is calculated using the same rate as the cash dividend paid on a share of the Company's common stock, and then divided by the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date the dividend is paid to determine the number of additional restricted stock units to grant. Dividend equivalent awards have the same vesting terms as the underlying awards. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the Company granted 244,300 restricted stock units to its non-employee directors pursuant to the Director Plan. As of September 30, 2018 , 1,118,084 restricted stock units are deferred.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , the Company’s stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock units were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Stock options
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Restricted stock units
 
458

 
229

 
1,332

 
937

Total
 
$
458

 
$
229

 
$
1,332

 
$
937

 
Stock Options
Stock options granted by the Company generally expire between five and ten years after the date of grant and have an exercise price of at least 100% of the fair market value of the underlying share of common stock on the date of grant.
As of September 30, 2018 , the Company had no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding unvested stock options.
Changes in the Company’s stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Number of
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
per Share
 
Number of
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
per Share
Options outstanding at January 1,
100,000

 
$
3.86

 
123,500

 
$
6.16

Expired/forfeited
—

 
—

 
(23,500
)
 
15.97

Options outstanding at September 30,
100,000

 
$
3.86

 
100,000

 
$
3.86

Options exercisable at September 30,
100,000

 
$
3.86

 
100,000

 
$
3.86


Restricted Stock Units
As of September 30, 2018 , the Company had approximately $539 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding unvested restricted stock units. The Company expects to recognize that cost over a weighted average service period of 2.09 years . Restricted stock units have no voting or dividend rights until the awards are vested.

- 15 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

Changes in the Company’s restricted stock units for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Number of
Restricted
Stock Units
 
Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
 
Number of
Restricted
Stock Units
 
Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
Unvested restricted stock units at January 1,
1,088,933

 
$
1.16

 
480,000

 
$
2.79

Granted
671,653

 
1.74

 
1,356,828

 
1.08

Shares earned above target (a)
244,855

 
1.00

 
—

 
—

Vested
(1,419,697
)
 
1.25

 
(415,555
)
 
1.47

Forfeited
(8,019
)
 
1.00

 
(332,340
)
 
2.79

Unvested restricted stock units at September 30,
577,725

 
$
1.57

 
1,088,933

 
$
1.16


(a)
The number of shares earned above target are based on the performance target established by the Compensation Committee at the initial grant date.

NOTE 7 – INCOME TAXES

Income Tax Provision

On December 22, 2017, the President of the U.S. signed into law the Tax Act. The legislation significantly changes U.S. tax law by, among other things, lowering corporate income tax rates, implementing a territorial tax system, and imposing a repatriation tax on deemed repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. The Company recognized the income tax effects of the Tax Act in its 2017 financial statements in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB-118"), which provides SEC staff guidance for the application of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, in the reporting period in which the Tax Act was signed into law. As such, the Company’s financial results reflect the income tax effects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC Topic 740 is complete and provisional amounts for those specific income tax effects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC Topic 740 is incomplete but a reasonable estimate could be determined. The Company did not identify items for which the income tax effects of the Tax Act have not been completed and a reasonable estimate could not be determined as of December 31, 2017 .

The Company recorded a provisional amount of $0 tax payable with respect to the deemed mandatory repatriation of undistributed foreign earnings of foreign subsidiaries and the Company has elected to account for the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") tax, if applicable, in the period in which it is incurred, and therefore has not provided any deferred tax impacts of GILTI in its condensed consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 . On this basis, the net impact on tax expense provided in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 related to the Tax Act is $0 . The ultimate impact may differ from the provisional amounts due to additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions, and additional regulatory guidance. The accounting under SAB-118 is expected to be completed during the fourth quarter of 2018. We do not believe potential adjustments in future periods will materially impact our financial condition or results of operations.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the Company did not make any adjustments to its provisional amounts included in its condensed consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 . Also, because the Company has not recognized tax benefits in its financial statements for U.S. tax losses, there is $0 tax impact of the inclusion of GILTI income as a period cost during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , however we continue to evaluate the provisions of the Tax Act for the intraperiod allocation of such taxes between continued and discontinued operations.

Under ASC 270, " Interim Reporting" , and ASC 740-270, " Income Taxes – Intra Period Tax Allocation" , the Company is required to adjust its effective tax rate for each quarter to be consistent with the estimated annual effective tax rate. Jurisdictions with a projected loss for the full year where no tax benefit can be recognized are excluded from the calculation of

- 16 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

the estimated annual effective tax rate. Applying the provisions of ASC 270 and ASC 740-270 could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a particular quarter, based upon the mix and timing of actual earnings versus annual projections.
Effective Tax Rate
The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $393 on a pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $4,680 , compared to a provision for income taxes of $850 on pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $842 for the same period in 2017 . The Company’s effective income tax rate was negative 8.4% and 101.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the effective tax rate differed from the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the inability of the Company to recognize tax benefits on certain losses until positive earnings are achieved in the U.S. and certain other foreign jurisdictions, non-deductible expenses, and variations from the U.S. tax rate in foreign jurisdictions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , the effective tax rate differed from the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the inability of the Company to recognize tax benefits on certain losses until positive earnings are achieved in the U.S. and certain other foreign jurisdictions, non-deductible expenses, and variations from the U.S. tax rate in foreign jurisdictions.
Uncertain Tax Positions  
As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , the Company had $2,001 and $1,682 , respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, which if recognized in the future, would lower the Company’s annual effective income tax rate.
Accrued interest and penalties were $598 and $566 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. Estimated interest and penalties are classified as part of the provision for income taxes in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and totaled to a provision of $42 and $44 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.
In many cases, the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits are related to tax years that remain subject to examination by the relevant tax authorities. Tax years with net operating losses ("NOLs") remain open until such losses expire or until the statutes of limitations for those years when the NOLs are used expire. As of September 30, 2018 , the Company's open tax years, which remain subject to examination by the relevant tax authorities, were principally as follows:
 
 
Year
Earliest tax years which remain subject to examination by the relevant tax authorities:
 
 
U.S. Federal
 
2015
Majority of U.S. state and local jurisdictions
 
2013
Australia
 
2017
Belgium
 
2015
Canada
 
2014
Netherlands
 
2012
Switzerland
 
2013
United Kingdom
 
2017
Jurisdictions in Asia
 
2018
The Company believes that its tax reserves are adequate for all years that remain subject to examination or are currently under examination.
Based on information available as of September 30, 2018 , it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits could decrease in the range of $0 to $180 over the next 12 months as a result of projected resolutions of global tax examinations and controversies and potential expirations of the applicable statutes of limitations.


- 17 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

NOTE 8 – EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing the Company’s net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. When the effects are not anti-dilutive, diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing the Company’s net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding and the impact of all dilutive potential common shares, primarily stock options "in-the-money", unvested restricted stock, and unvested restricted stock units. The dilutive impact of stock options, unvested restricted stock, and unvested restricted stock units is determined by applying the "treasury stock" method. Performance-based restricted stock awards are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share only to the extent that the underlying performance conditions: (i) are satisfied prior to the end of the reporting period; or (ii) would be satisfied if the end of the reporting period were the end of the related performance period and the result would be dilutive under the treasury stock method. Stock awards subject to vesting or exercisability based on the achievement of market conditions are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share only when the market conditions are met.
A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share calculations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Earnings (loss) per share ("EPS"):
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

EPS - basic and diluted:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
(0.02
)
 
$
(0.01
)
 
$
(0.15
)
 
$
(0.05
)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
 
—

 
(0.01
)
 
0.41

 
0.02

Net income (loss)
 
$
(0.03
)
 
$
(0.03
)
 
$
0.26

 
$
(0.03
)
EPS numerator - basic and diluted:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
(823
)
 
$
(482
)
 
$
(5,073
)
 
$
(1,692
)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
 
(47
)
 
(366
)
 
13,560

 
756

Net income (loss)
 
$
(870
)
 
$
(848
)
 
$
8,487

 
$
(936
)
EPS denominator (in thousands):
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Weighted average common stock outstanding - basic
 
33,101

 
32,151

 
32,746

 
32,120

Common stock equivalents: stock options and restricted stock units (a)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Weighted average number of common stock outstanding - diluted
 
33,101

 
32,151

 
32,746

 
32,120


(a)
The diluted weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding did not differ from the basic weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding because the effects of any potential common stock equivalents (see Note 6 for further details on outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock units) were anti-dilutive and therefore not included in the calculation of the denominator of dilutive earnings per share.
The weighted average number of shares outstanding used in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 did not include the effect of the following potentially outstanding shares of common stock because the effect would have been anti-dilutive:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Unvested restricted stock units
 
577,725

 
1,088,933

 
577,725

 
1,088,933

Stock options
 
100,000

 
100,000

 
100,000

 
100,000

Total
 
677,725

 
1,188,933

 
677,725

 
1,188,933


- 18 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)


NOTE 9 – CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as reported within the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was as follows: 
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations
$
38,436

 
$
5,580

Cash and cash equivalents of discontinuing operations
—

 
15,460

Restricted cash included in prepaid and other
77

 
112

Restricted cash, non-current
352

 
102

Restricted cash included in current assets of discontinued operations
—

 
183

Restricted cash included in non-current assets of discontinued operations
—

 
569

Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
$
38,865

 
$
22,006


Restricted cash under the caption "Prepaid and other" primarily includes a bank guarantee for licensing in Switzerland. Restricted cash under the caption "Other assets" primarily include deposits held under a collateral trust agreement, which supports the Company’s workers’ compensation policy.

NOTE 10 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Consulting, Employment, and Non-compete Agreements
The Company has entered into various consulting and employment agreements with certain key members of management. These agreements generally (i) are one year in length, (ii) contain restrictive covenants, (iii) under certain circumstances, provide for compensation and, subject to providing the Company with a release, severance payments, and (iv) are automatically renewed annually unless either party gives sufficient notice of termination.
Litigation and Complaints  
The Company is subject, from time to time, to various claims, lawsuits, contracts disputes, and other complaints from, for example, clients, candidates, suppliers, landlords for both leased and subleased properties, former and current employees, and regulators or tax authorities arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company routinely monitors claims such as these, and records provisions for losses when the claim becomes probable and the amount due is estimable. Although the outcome of these claims cannot be determined, the Company believes that the final resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
For matters that have reached the threshold of probable and estimable, the Company has established reserves for legal, regulatory, and other contingent liabilities. The legal reserves are included under the caption "Other non-current liabilities" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company had no reserves as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively.
Departure of Certain Employees

As previously disclosed on July 6, 2018, the Company and David F. Kirby, the Company’s Senior Vice President, Treasury and Investor Relations, determined that Mr. Kirby would leave his positions with the Company effective July 27, 2018. In addition, the Company terminated the employment of its Corporate Counsel and Corporate Secretary effective June 29, 2018. As a result, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 the Company recognized severance expense of $0 and $601 for the two corporate employees classified within salaries and related expense in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

As previously disclosed, on April 1, 2018, Stephen A. Nolan gave notice to the Company's Board of his resignation as Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Company effective as of April 1, 2018. On April 1, 2018, following the resignation of Mr. Nolan, the Board appointed Jeffrey E. Eberwein, the Chairman of the Board, as Chief Executive Officer, and Richard K. Coleman, Jr., a director of the Company, as the Chairman of the Board. As a result, during the three and nine months

- 19 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

ended September 30, 2018 the Company recognized additional compensation expense of $0 and $2,024 , respectively to its former Chief Executive Officer classified within salaries and related expense in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

NOTE 11 – ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable tax, consisted of the following:
 
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
$
(399
)
 
$
10,671

Pension plan obligations
 
—

 
38

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 
$
(399
)
 
$
10,709


NOTE 12 – STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

On July 30, 2015, the Company announced that its Board authorized the repurchase of up to $10,000 of the Company's common stock. The Company intends to make purchases from time to time as market conditions warrant. This authorization does not expire. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the Company repurchased 0 and 2,200 shares on the open market for $0 and $3 . As of September 30, 2018 , under the July 30, 2015 authorization, the Company had repurchased 3,641,605 shares for a total cost of $7,374 .

- 20 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)



NOTE 13 – SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC DATA
Segment Reporting
The Company operates in three reportable segments: the Hudson regional businesses of Hudson Americas, Hudson Asia Pacific, and Hudson Europe. Corporate expenses are reported separately from the three reportable segments and pertain to certain functions, such as executive management, corporate governance, human resources, accounting, administration, tax, and treasury. Segment information is presented in accordance with ASC 280, " Segments Reporting." This standard is based on a management approach that requires segmentation based upon the Company’s internal organization and disclosure of revenue and certain expenses based upon internal accounting methods. The Company’s financial reporting systems present various data for management to run the business, including internal profit and loss statements prepared on a basis not consistent with U.S. GAAP. Accounts receivable, net and long-lived assets are the only significant assets separated by segment for internal reporting purposes. The following information is presented net of discontinued operations. For more information see Note 5.
 
Hudson
Americas
 
Hudson
Asia Pacific
 
Hudson
Europe
 
Corporate
 
Inter-Segment Elimination
 
Total
For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenue
$
3,590

 
$
9,306

 
$
4,231

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
17,127

Total gross profit
$
2,990

 
$
5,741

 
$
2,150

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
10,881

EBITDA (loss) (a)
$
87

 
$
460

 
$
(226
)
 
$
(1,133
)
 
$
—

 
$
(812
)
Depreciation and amortization
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
1

Intercompany interest income (expense), net
—

 
(105
)
 
—

 
105

 
—

 
—

Interest income (expense), net
—

 
—

 
—

 
102

 
—

 
102

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
$
87

 
$
355

 
$
(227
)
 
$
(926
)
 
$
—

 
$
(711
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenue
$
10,799

 
$
27,731

 
$
11,827

 
$
61

 
$
(61
)
 
$
50,357

Total gross profit
$
9,039

 
$
16,423


$
6,374


$
—


$
—

 
$
31,836

EBITDA (loss) (a)
$
303

 
$
1,511

 
$
(176
)
 
$
(6,477
)
 
$
—

 
$
(4,839
)
Depreciation and amortization
—

 
—

 
3

 
—

 
—

 
3

Intercompany interest income (expense), net
—

 
(212
)
 
—

 
212

 
—

 
—

Interest income (expense), net
—

 
—

 
—

 
162

 
—

 
162

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
$
303

 
$
1,299

 
$
(179
)
 
$
(6,103
)
 
$
—

 
$
(4,680
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable, net
$
2,428

 
$
7,653

 
$
4,419

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
14,500

Long-lived assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization (b)
$
51

 
$
41

 
$
56

 
$
9

 
$
—

 
$
157

Total assets
$
4,511

 
$
11,230

 
$
8,689

 
$
30,006

 
$
—

 
$
54,436


- 21 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

 
Hudson
Americas
 
Hudson
Asia Pacific
 
Hudson
Europe
 
Corporate
 
Inter-
Segment
Elimination
 
Total
For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenue
$
4,091

 
$
8,081

 
$
3,773

 
$
—

 
$
(47
)
 
$
15,898

Total gross profit
$
3,711

 
$
5,173

 
$
2,286

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
11,170

EBITDA (loss) (a)
$
483

 
$
1,379

 
$
315

 
$
(2,118
)
 
$
—

 
$
59

Depreciation and amortization
—

 
—

 
—

 
79

 
$
—

 
79

Interest income (expense), net
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
$
—

 
(3
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
$
483

 
$
1,379

 
$
315

 
$
(2,200
)
 
$
—

 
$
(23
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenue
$
12,566

 
$
21,240

 
$
10,612

 
$
—

 
$
(47
)
 
$
44,371

Total gross profit
$
11,274

 
$
14,084

 
$
6,521

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
31,879

Business reorganization
$
(91
)
 
$
—

 
$
1

 
$
(22
)
 
$
—

 
$
(112
)
EBITDA (loss) (a)
$
1,117

 
$
3,173

 
$
868

 
$
(5,755
)
 
$
—

 
$
(597
)
Depreciation and amortization
2

 
—

 
—

 
236

 
—

 
238

Interest income (expense), net
—

 
—

 
—

 
(7
)
 
—

 
(7
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
$
1,115

 
$
3,173

 
$
868

 
$
(5,998
)
 
$
—

 
$
(842
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of September 30, 2017
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Accounts receivable, net
$
2,436

   
$
4,919

 
$
3,762

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
11,117

Long-lived assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization (b)
$
—

   
$
—

 
$
1

 
$
130

 
$
—

 
$
131

Total assets
$
6,317

 
$
5,247

 
$
4,858

 
$
2,225

 
$
—

 
$
18,647


(a)
SEC Regulation S-K Item 229.10(e)1(ii)(A) defines EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is presented to provide additional information to investors about the Company's operations on a basis consistent with the measures that the Company uses to manage its operations and evaluate its performance. Management also uses this measurement to evaluate working capital requirements. EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for operating income and net income prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP or as a measure of the Company's profitability.

(b)
Comprised of property and equipment. Corporate assets are included in the United States.



- 22 -
Index
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

Geographic Data Reporting
A summary of revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and long-lived assets and net assets by geographic area as of September 30, 2018 and 2017 , presented net of discontinued operations, were as follows:
 
United
Kingdom
 
Australia
 
United
States
 
Other
 
Total
For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 

 
 

Revenue (a)
$
4,194

 
$
7,026

 
$
3,295

 
$
2,612

 
$
17,127

For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 

 
 

Revenue (a)
$
3,023

 
$
6,726

 
$
3,860

 
$
2,289

 
$
15,898

For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
Revenue (a)
$
11,558

 
$
23,141

 
$
10,110

 
$
5,548

 
$
50,357

For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
Revenue (a)
$
8,322

 
$
17,562

 
$
11,907

 
$
6,580

 
$
44,371

As of September 30, 2018
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Long-lived assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization (b)
$
48

 
$
36

 
$
68

 
$
5

 
$
157

Net assets
$
3,713

 
$
3,485

 
$
28,486

 
$
5,688

 
$
41,372

As of September 30, 2017
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Long-lived assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization (b)
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
130

 
$
1

 
$
131

Net assets
$
1,574

 
$
1,587

 
$
2,829

 
$
2,786

 
$
8,776

  
(a) Revenue by geographic region disclosed above is net of any inter-segment revenue and, therefore, represents only revenue from external customers according to the location of the operating subsidiary.
(b) Comprised of property and equipment. Corporate assets are included in the United States.

NOTE 14 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Stockholder Rights Plan

On October 15, 2018, the Company’s Board declared a dividend to the Company’s stockholders of record as of the close of business on October 25, 2018 (the "Record Date"), for each outstanding share of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share ("Common Stock"), of one right (a "Right") to purchase one one-hundredth of a share of a new series of participating preferred stock of the Company. The terms of the Rights are set forth in the Rights Agreement, dated as of October 15, 2018 (the "Rights Agreement"), by and between the Company and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as rights agent.

The Board entered into the Rights Agreement in an effort to preserve the value of the Company’s significant U.S. net operating loss carryforwards ("NOLs") and other tax benefits. The Company’s ability to utilize its NOLs may be substantially limited if the Company experiences an "ownership change" within the meaning of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). In general, an "ownership change" would occur if the percentage of the Company’s ownership by one or more "5-percent shareholders" (as defined in the Code) increases by more than 50 percent over the lowest percentage owned by such stockholders at any time during the prior three years. The Rights Agreement is designed to preserve the Company’s tax benefits by deterring transfers of Common Stock that could result in an "ownership change" under Section 382 of the Code.

The Rights Agreement replaces the Company’s prior rights agreement designed to preserve the value of the Company’s NOLs, which was approved by stockholders in 2015 and expired in accordance with its terms in January 2018. The Company also has a provision in its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the "Charter Provision") which generally prohibits transfers of its common stock that could result in an ownership change. The Company believes that in light of the significant amount of the NOLs, it is advisable to adopt the Rights Agreement in addition to the Charter Provision. In

- 23 -
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

general terms, the Rights Agreement imposes a significant penalty upon any person or group that acquires beneficial ownership (as defined under the Rights Agreement) of 4.99% or more of the outstanding Common Stock without the prior approval of the Board (an "Acquiring Person"). Any Rights held by an Acquiring Person are void and may not be exercised. The Company intends to seek stockholder approval of the Rights Agreement at the Company’s 2019 annual meeting of stockholders.
If the Rights become exercisable, each Right would allow its holder to purchase from the Company one one-hundredth of a share of the Company’s Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock ("Series B Preferred Stock") for a purchase price of $3.50 . Each fractional share of Series B Preferred Stock would give the stockholder approximately the same dividend, voting and liquidation rights as does one share of Common Stock. Prior to exercise, however, a Right does not give its holder any dividend, voting or liquidation rights.

The Rights will not be exercisable until the earlier of (i) 10 days after a public announcement by the Company that a person or group has become an Acquiring Person; and (ii) 10 business days (or a later date determined by the Board) after a person or group begins a tender or an exchange offer that, if completed, would result in that person or group becoming an Acquiring Person.

Until the date that the Rights become exercisable (the "Distribution Date"), Common Stock certificates will also evidence the Rights and will contain a notation to that effect. Any transfer of shares of Common Stock prior to the Distribution Date will constitute a transfer of the associated Rights. After the Distribution Date, the Rights will separate from the Common Stock and be evidenced by Right certificates, which the Company will mail to all holders of Rights that have not become void. After the Distribution Date, if a person or group already is or becomes an Acquiring Person, all holders of Rights, except the Acquiring Person, may exercise their Rights upon payment of the purchase price to purchase shares of Common Stock (or other securities or assets as determined by the Board) with a market value of two times the purchase price (a "Flip-in Event"). After the Distribution Date, if a Flip-in Event has already occurred and the Company is acquired in a merger or similar transaction, all holders of Rights, except the Acquiring Person, may exercise their Rights upon payment of the purchase price, to purchase shares of the acquiring or other appropriate entity with a market value of two times the purchase price of the Rights. Rights may be exercised to purchase Series B Preferred Stock only after the Distribution Date occurs and prior to the occurrence of a Flip-in Event as described above. A Distribution Date resulting from the commencement of a tender offer or an exchange offer as described in the second bullet point above could precede the occurrence of a Flip-in Event, in which case the Rights could be exercised to purchase Series B Preferred Stock. A Distribution Date resulting from any occurrence described in the first bullet point above would necessarily follow the occurrence of a Flip-in Event, in which case the Rights could be exercised to purchase shares of Common Stock (or other securities or assets) as described above.

The Rights Agreement grants discretion to the Board to designate a person as an "Exempt Person" or to designate a transaction involving Common Stock as an "Exempt Transaction." An "Exempt Person" cannot become an Acquiring Person under the Rights Agreement. The Board can revoke an "Exempt Person" designation if it subsequently makes a contrary determination regarding whether a transaction by such person may jeopardize the availability of the Company’s tax benefits.
The Rights will expire on the earliest of (i) October 15, 2021, the third anniversary of the date on which the Board authorized and declared a dividend of the Rights, or such earlier date as of which the Board determines that the Rights Agreement is no longer necessary for the preservation of the Company’s tax benefits, (ii) the time at which the Rights are redeemed, (iii) the time at which the Rights are exchanged, (iv) the effective time of the repeal of Section 382 of the Code if the Board determines that the Rights Agreement is no longer necessary for the preservation of the Company’s tax benefits, (v) the first day of a taxable year to which the Board determines that no NOLs or other tax benefits may be carried forward, and (vi) the day following the certification of the voting results of the Company’s 2019 annual meeting of stockholders, if stockholder ratification of the adoption of the Rights Agreement has not been obtained prior to that date.

The Board may redeem all (but not less than all) of the Rights for a redemption price of $0.001 per Right at any time before the later of the Distribution Date and the date of the first public announcement or disclosure by the Company that a person or group has become an Acquiring Person. Once the Rights are redeemed, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate, and the only right of the holders of such Rights will be to receive the redemption price. The redemption price will be adjusted if the Company declares a stock split or issues a stock dividend on Common Stock. After the later of the Distribution Date and the date of the first public announcement by the Company that a person or group has become an Acquiring Person, but before an Acquiring Person owns 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock, the Board may exchange each Right (other than Rights that have become void) for one share of Common Stock or an equivalent security.

The Board may adjust the purchase price of the Series B Preferred Stock, the number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock issuable and the number of outstanding Rights to prevent dilution that may occur as a result of certain events, including,

- 24 -
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

among others, a stock dividend, a stock split or a reclassification of the Series B Preferred Stock or Common Stock. No adjustments to the purchase price of less than one percent will be made.

Before the time the Rights cease to be redeemable, the Board may amend or supplement the Rights Agreement without the consent of the holders of the Rights, except that no amendment may decrease the redemption price below $0.001 per Right. At any time thereafter, the Board may amend or supplement the Rights Agreement to cure an ambiguity, to alter time period provisions, to correct inconsistent provisions or to make any additional changes to the Rights Agreement, but only to the extent that those changes do not impair or adversely affect the interests of the holders of Rights and do not result in the Rights again becoming redeemable. The limitations on the Board’s ability to amend the Rights Agreement does not affect the Board’s power or ability to take any other action that is consistent with its fiduciary duties, including, without limitation, accelerating or extending the expiration date of the Rights, or making any amendment to the Rights Agreement that is permitted by the Rights Agreement or adopting a new rights agreement with such terms as the Board determines in its sole discretion to be appropriate.


- 25 -

ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto, included in Part 1 of this Form 10-Q. The reader should also refer to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes of Hudson Global, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") filed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This MD&A contains forward-looking statements. Please see "FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS" for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements. This MD&A also uses the non-generally accepted accounting principle measure of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"). See Note 13 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for EBITDA segment reconciliation information. The tables and information in this MD&A were derived from exact numbers and may have immaterial rounding differences.
This MD&A includes the following sections:
•
Executive Overview
•
Results of Operations
•
Liquidity and Capital Resources
•
Contingencies
•
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
•
Critical Accounting Policies
•
Forward-Looking Statements

Executive Overview

On March 31, 2018, the Company completed the sale of its recruitment and talent management ("RTM") businesses in Belgium, Europe (excluding Belgium), and Asia Pacific ("APAC") in separate transactions to Value Plus NV, Morgan Philips Group S.A., and Apache Group Holdings Pty Limited, respectively. The proceeds from the sale were $39.0 million , or $27.9 million net of cash and restricted cash sold of $9.5 million , and transaction costs of $1.6 million . Debt assumed in the Sales Transactions by the buyers was $17.6 million .

The finalization of these transactions aligns the Company’s strategy to focus going forward on Recruitment Process Outsourcing ("RPO") solutions globally. With direct operations in nine countries and relationships with specialized professionals and organizations around the globe, the Company brings a strong ability to match talent with opportunities by assessing, recruiting, developing, and engaging the best and brightest people for the Company's clients. The Company combines broad geographic presence, world-class talent solutions and a tailored, consultative approach to help businesses, and professionals achieve maximum performance. The Company's focus is to continually upgrade its service offerings and delivery capability tools to make candidates more successful in achieving its clients' business requirements.

The Company’s proprietary frameworks, assessment tools and leadership development programs, coupled with its broad geographic footprint allows the Company to design and implement regional and global outsourced recruitment solutions that the Company believes greatly enhance the quality and efficiency of its clients' hiring.
To accelerate the implementation of the Company's strategy, the Company engaged in the following initiatives:
•
Facilitating growth and development of the global RPO business through strategic investments in people, innovation and technology.
•
Building and differentiating the Company's brand through its unique outsourcing solutions offerings.
•
Improving the Company’s cost structure and efficiency of its support functions and infrastructure.

This MD&A discusses the results of the Company’s RPO businesses for three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and excludes the results of the Company’s RTM businesses, which, as discussed in Note 5 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are reported in discontinued operations.

- 26 -
Index

Current Market Conditions
Economic conditions in most of the world's major markets have improved since 2017. In the U.K., the 2016 referendum to exit the European Union (commonly referred to as "Brexit") adversely impacted global markets initially, including currencies, and resulted in increased volatility in the value of the British pound as compared to the U.S. dollar. A weaker British pound compared to the U.S. dollar during a reporting period causes local currency results of the Company's U.K. operations to be translated into fewer U.S. dollars. The Company's U.K. operations, future financial performance, and translation of results may be affected, in part, by the outcome of tariff, trade, regulatory, and other negotiations as the U.K. negotiates its exit from the European Union.
The Company closely monitors the economic environment and business climate in its markets and responds accordingly. At this time, the Company is unable to accurately predict the outcome of these events or changes in general economic and political conditions and their effect on the demand for the Company's services.
Financial Performance
The Company achieved mixed financial performance for the third quarter of 2018 in the markets in which it operates. On a constant currency basis, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , revenue increased by $1.8 million , or 11.6% , and gross profit remained flat, compared to the same period in 2017 .
    The changes in revenue were driven by strong results in Asia Pacific and Europe partially offset by a decline in the Americas.

The following is a summary of the highlights for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 . This summary should be considered in the context of the additional disclosures in this MD&A which further highlight the results by segment.

•
Revenue was $17.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to $15.9 million for the same period in 2017 , an increase of $1.2 million , or 7.7% .
◦
On a constant currency basis, the Company's revenue increased $1.8 million , or 11.6% , due to an increase of $1.6 million in RPO contracting revenue (up 36.1% compared to the same period in 2017 ) and $0.2 million in RPO recruitment revenue (up 9.5% compared to the same period in 2017 ).
•
Revenue was $50.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to $44.4 million for the same period in 2017 , an increase of $6.0 million , or 13.5% .
◦
On a constant currency basis, the Company's revenue increased $5.6 million , or 12.5% , due to an increase of $3.7 million in RPO contracting revenue (up 30.6% compared to the same period in 2017 ) and $1.8 million in RPO recruitment revenue (up 33.1% compared to the same period in 2017 ).
•
Gross profit was $10.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to $11.2 million for the same period in 2017 , a decrease of $0.3 million , or 2.6% .
◦
On a constant currency basis, gross profit remained flat due to a decrease of $0.1 million in RPO recruitment gross profit partially offset by an increase of $0.1 million in RPO contracting gross profit (up 27.0% compared to the same period in 2017 ).
•
Gross profit was $31.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to $31.9 million for the same period in 2017 , a decrease of $0.0 million , or 0.1% .
◦
On a constant currency basis, gross profit decreased $0.4 million , or 1.1% , mainly due to a decrease of $0.8 million in RPO recruitment gross profit (down 2.4% compared to the same period in 2017 ) partially offset by an increase of $0.4 million in RPO contracting gross profit (up 33.6% compared to the same period in 2017 ).
•
Selling, general and administrative expenses and other non-operating income (expense) ("SG&A and Non-Op") were $11.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to $11.1 million for the same period in 2017 , an increase of $0.6 million , or 5.2% .
◦
On a constant currency basis, SG&A and Non-Op increased $0.8 million , or 7.5% . SG&A and Non-Op, as a percentage of revenue, were 68.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to 70.9% for the same period in 2017 .

- 27 -
Index

•
SG&A and Non-Op were $36.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to $32.6 million for the same period in 2017 , an increase of $4.1 million , or 12.5% .
◦
On a constant currency basis, SG&A and Non-Op increased $3.8 million , or 11.4% . SG&A and Non-Op, as a percentage of revenue, were 72.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to 73.5% for the same period in 2017 . The increase in principally due to additional compensation expense for the Company's former Chief Executive Officer and two additional Executives (see Note 10).
•
There was no business reorganization for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 .
•
Business reorganization was $0.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to a credit of $0.1 million for the same period in 2017 .
•
EBITDA loss was $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to EBITDA of $0.1 million for the same period in 2017 , an increase in EBITDA loss of $0.9 million . On a constant currency basis, EBITDA loss increased $0.8 million .
•
EBITDA loss was $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to EBITDA loss of $0.6 million for the same period in 2017 , an increase in EBITDA loss of $4.2 million . On a constant currency basis, EBITDA loss increased $4.2 million .
•
Net loss was $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to net loss of $0.8 million for the same period in 2017 , an increase in in net loss of $0.0 million . On a constant currency basis, net loss decreased $0.1 million .
•
Net income was $8.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , compared to net loss of $0.9 million for the same period in 2017 , an increase in net income of $9.4 million . On a constant currency basis, net income increased $9.5 million .
Constant Currency
The Company operates on a global basis, with the majority of its gross profit generated outside of the U.S. Accordingly, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates can affect the Company's results of operations. For the discussion of reportable segment results of operations, the Company uses constant currency information. Constant currency compares financial results between periods as if exchange rates had remained constant period-over-period. The Company defines the term "constant currency" to mean that financial data for a previously reported period are translated into U.S. dollars using the same foreign currency exchange rates that were used to translate financial data for the current period. The Company’s management reviews and analyzes business results in constant currency and believes these results better represent the Company’s underlying business trends. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates generally impact only reported earnings.
Changes in revenue, gross profit, SG&A and Non-Op, business reorganization, operating income (loss), net income (loss), and EBITDA (loss) from continuing operations include the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The tables below summarize the impact of foreign currency exchange adjustments on the Company’s operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 .

- 28 -
Index

 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
As
 
As
 
Currency
 
Constant
 
As
 
As
 
Currency
 
Constant
$ in thousands
reported
 
reported
 
translation
 
currency
 
reported
 
reported
 
translation
 
currency
Revenue:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Hudson Americas
$
3,590

 
$
4,043

 
$
(6
)
 
$
4,037

 
$
10,799

 
$
12,519

 
$
12

 
$
12,531

Hudson Asia Pacific
9,306

 
8,081

 
(525
)
 
7,556

 
27,731

 
21,240

 
(227
)
 
21,013

Hudson Europe
4,231

 
3,774

 
(23
)
 
3,751

 
11,827

 
10,612

 
624

 
11,236

Total
$
17,127

 
$
15,898

 
$
(554
)
 
$
15,344

 
$
50,357

 
$
44,371

 
$
409

 
$
44,780

Gross profit:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Hudson Americas
$
2,990

 
$
3,667

 
$
(6
)
 
$
3,661

 
$
9,039

 
$
11,239

 
$
11

 
$
11,250

Hudson Asia Pacific
5,741

 
5,173

 
(303
)
 
4,870

 
16,423

 
14,084

 
(88
)
 
13,996

Hudson Europe
2,150

 
2,330

 
(32
)
 
2,298

 
6,374

 
6,556

 
389

 
6,945

Total
$
10,881

 
$
11,170

 
$
(341
)
 
$
10,829

 
$
31,836

 
$
31,879

 
$
312

 
$
32,191

SG&A and Non-Op (a):
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Hudson Americas
$
2,902

 
$
3,229

 
$
4

 
$
3,233

 
$
8,734

 
$
10,247

 
$
26

 
$
10,273

Hudson Asia Pacific
5,280

 
3,795

 
(228
)
 
3,567

 
14,906

 
10,910

 
(48
)
 
10,862

Hudson Europe
2,378

 
1,968

 
(11
)
 
1,957

 
6,559

 
5,652

 
348

 
6,000

Corporate
1,132

 
2,119

 
—

 
2,119

 
6,476

 
5,779

 
—

 
5,779

Total
$
11,692

 
$
11,111

 
$
(235
)
 
$
10,876

 
$
36,675

 
$
32,588

 
$
326

 
$
32,914

Operating income (loss):
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Hudson Americas
$
300

 
$
558

 
$
(10
)
 
$
548

 
$
775

 
$
1,333

 
$
(10
)
 
$
1,323

Hudson Asia Pacific
708

 
1,486

 
(80
)
 
1,406

 
2,181

 
3,478

 
(44
)
 
3,434

Hudson Europe
(53
)
 
408

 
(7
)
 
401

 
178

 
1,079

 
50

 
1,129

Corporate
(1,696
)
 
(2,453
)
 
—

 
(2,453
)
 
(7,792
)
 
(6,654
)
 
—

 
(6,654
)
Total
$
(741
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
(97
)
 
$
(98
)
 
$
(4,658
)
 
$
(764
)
 
$
(4
)
 
$
(768
)
Net income (loss), consolidated
$
(870
)
 
$
(848
)
 
$
(108
)
 
$
(956
)
 
$
8,487

 
$
(936
)
 
$
(68
)
 
$
(1,004
)
EBITDA (loss) from continuing operations (b):
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Hudson Americas
$
87

 
$
483

 
$
(12
)
 
$
471

 
$
303

 
$
1,117

 
$
(14
)
 
$
1,103

Hudson Asia Pacific
460

 
1,379

 
(73
)
 
1,306

 
1,511

 
3,173

 
(39
)
 
3,134

Hudson Europe
(226
)
 
315

 
(23
)
 
292

 
(176
)
 
865

 
23

 
888

Corporate
(1,133
)
 
(2,118
)
 
—

 
(2,118
)
 
(6,477
)
 
(5,752
)
 
—

 
(5,752
)
Total
$
(812
)
 
$
59

 
$
(108
)
 
$
(49
)
 
$
(4,839
)
 
$
(597
)
 
$
(30
)
 
$
(627
)
 
(a)
SG&A and Non-Op is a measure that management uses to evaluate the segments’ expenses, which include the following captions on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations: Salaries and related, other selling, general and administrative, and other income (expense), net. Corporate management service allocations are included in the segments’ other income (expense).

(b)
See EBITDA reconciliation in the following section.

- 29 -
Index

Use of EBITDA (Non-GAAP measure)
Management believes EBITDA is a meaningful indicator of the Company’s performance that provides useful information to investors regarding the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Management also considers EBITDA to be the best indicator of operating performance and most comparable measure across the regions in which the Company operates. Management also uses this measure to evaluate capital needs and working capital requirements. EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for operating income, or net income prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") or as a measure of the Company’s profitability. EBITDA is derived from net income (loss) adjusted for the provision for (benefit from) income taxes, interest expense (income), and depreciation and amortization.
 
The reconciliation of EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is provided in the table below:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
$ in thousands
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net income (loss)
 
$
(870
)
 
$
(848
)
 
$
8,487

 
$
(936
)
Adjustment for income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
 
(47
)
 
(366
)
 
13,560

 
756

Income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
(823
)
 
$
(482
)
 
$
(5,073
)
 
$
(1,692
)
Adjustments to net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
 
112

 
459

 
393

 
850

Interest income (expense), net
 
102

 
(3
)
 
162

 
(7
)
Depreciation and amortization expense
 
1

 
79

 
3

 
238

   Total adjustments from net income (loss) to EBITDA (loss)
 
11

 
541

 
234

 
1,095

EBITDA (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
(812
)
 
$
59

 
$
(4,839
)
 
$
(597
)
 

- 30 -
Index

Results of Operations
Hudson Americas (reported currency)  
Revenue  

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
$ in millions
 As reported
 
 As reported
 
 
 
 As reported
 
 As reported
 
 
Hudson Americas
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
3.6

 
$
4.0

 
$
(0.5
)
 
(11.2
)%
 
$
10.8

 
$
12.5

 
$
(1.7
)
 
(13.7
)%
 
For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , RPO recruitment revenue decreased by $0.8 million , or 21.7% , partially offset by an increase in RPO contracting revenue of $0.3 million , or 117.6% . The decrease in RPO recruitment revenue was due to the loss of a global contract in September 2017 and lower demand from other clients partially offset by new business. 

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , RPO recruitment revenue decreased $2.5 million , or 21.6% , as compared to the same period in 2017 , partially offset by an increase in RPO contracting revenue of $0.7 million , or 76.5% . The decrease in RPO recruitment revenue was due to the same factors noted above.
Gross Profit
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
$ in millions
 As reported
 
 As reported
 
 
 
 As reported
 
 As reported
 
 
Hudson Americas
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross profit
$
3.0

 
$
3.7

 
$
(0.7
)
 
(18.5
)%
 
$
9.0

 
$
11.2

 
$
(2.2
)
 
(19.6
)%
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue
83.3
%
 
90.7
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
83.7
%
 
89.8
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , RPO recruitment gross profit decreased $0.8 million , or 22.1% , partially offset by an increase in RPO contracting of $0.1 million , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The decline in RPO recruitment gross profit was due to the same factors noted above for revenue.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , RPO recruitment gross profit decreased $2.4 million , or 21.7% , partially offset by an increase in RPO contracting of $0.2 million as compared to the same period in 2017 . The decline in RPO recruitment gross profit was due to the same factors noted above for revenue.

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , total gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 83.3% , as compared to 90.7% for the same period in 2017 . For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , total gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 83.7% , as compared to 89.8% for the same period in 2017 . The decrease in total gross profit as a percentage of revenue was attributed to the lower mix of RPO recruitment to RPO contracting gross profit in 2018 as compared to 2017.


- 31 -
Index

SG&A and Non-Op 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
 $ in millions
 As reported
 
 As reported
 
 
 
 As reported
 
 As reported
 
 
Hudson Americas
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SG&A and Non-Op
$
2.9

 
$
3.2

 
$
(0.3
)
 
(10.1
)%
 
$
8.7

 
$
10.2

 
$
(1.5
)
 
(14.8
)%
SG&A and Non-Op as a percentage of revenue
80.8
%
 
79.9
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
80.9
%
 
81.9
%
 
N/A

 
N/A


For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , SG&A and Non-Op decreased $0.3 million , or 10.1% , as compared to the same period in 2017 due to lower costs of service delivery teams.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , SG&A and Non-Op decreased $1.5 million , or 14.8% , as compared to the same period in 2017 due to the same factors noted above.
Operating Income and EBITDA
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
$ in millions
 As reported
 
 As reported
 
 
 
 As reported
 
 As reported
 
 
Hudson Americas
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Operating income (loss)
$
0.3

 
$
0.6

 
$
(0.3
)
 
(46.2
)%
 
$
0.8

 
$
1.3

 
$
(0.6
)
 
(41.9
)%
EBITDA (loss)
$
0.1

 
$
0.5

 
$
(0.4
)
 
(82.0
)%
 
$
0.3

 
$
1.1

 
$
(0.8
)
 
(72.9
)%
EBITDA (loss) as a percentage of revenue
2.4
%
 
11.9
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
2.8
%
 
8.9
%
 
N/A

 
N/A


For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , EBITDA was $0.1 million , or 2.4% of revenue, as compared to EBITDA of $0.5 million , or 11.9% of revenue, for the same period in 2017 . For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , EBITDA was $0.3 million , or 2.8% of revenue, as compared to EBITDA of $1.1 million , or 8.9% of revenue, for the same period in 2017 . The decrease in EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was principally due to declines in gross profit partially offset by the decrease in SG&A and Non-Op.


- 32 -
Index

Hudson Asia Pacific (constant currency)
Revenue  
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
$ in millions
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
 
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
Hudson Asia Pacific
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
9.3

 
$
7.6

 
$
1.8

 
23.2
%
 
$
27.7

 
$
21.0

 
$
6.7

 
32.0
%
 
For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , RPO contracting revenue and RPO recruitment revenue increased $0.9 million and $0.8 million , or 33.4% and 17.2% , respectively, as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase in revenue was driven by strong results in both Australia and Asia.

In Australia, revenue increased $0.8 million , or 13.0% , for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase was in both RPO contracting and RPO recruitment which increased $0.6 million and $0.2 million , or 20.6% and 7.0% , respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase in RPO revenue for the  three months ended September 30, 2018 was due to the implementation of new client contracts won in 2017 and higher volume from existing clients, as compared to 2017.

In Asia, revenue increased $0.9 million , or 70.3% , for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase for the  three months ended September 30, 2018 was due to implementation of new client contracts, as compared to 2017.    

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , RPO recruitment and RPO contracting revenue increased $4.5 million and $2.2 million , or 32.7% and 30.5% , respectively, as compared to the same period in 2017 .

In Australia, revenue increased $5.9 million , or 34.0% , for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase was in both RPO recruitment and RPO contracting revenue, which increased $4.1 million and $1.8 million , or 40.5% and 25.0% , respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase in revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were a result of the same factors noted above.

In Asia, revenue increased $0.8 million , or 22.5% , for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase in revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were a result of the same factors noted above.
Gross Profit  
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
 $ in millions
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
 
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
Hudson Asia Pacific
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross profit
$
5.7

 
$
4.9

 
$
0.9

 
17.9
%
 
$
16.4

 
$
14.0

 
$
2.4

 
17.3
%
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue
61.7
%
 
64.5
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
59.2
%
 
66.6
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
For the  three months ended September 30, 2018 , RPO recruitment gross profit increased $0.9 million or 19.2% , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase in gross profit was driven by strong results in both Australia and Asia.

In Australia, gross profit increased $0.3 million , or 8.5% , for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase was in RPO recruitment gross profit which increased $0.3 million or 10.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to the same period in 2017 .     



- 33 -

In Asia, gross profit increased $0.6 million , or 43.0% , for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to the same period in 2017 .

For the  nine months ended September 30, 2018 , RPO recruitment and RPO contracting gross profit increased $2.3 million and $0.2 million , or 17.3% and 18.4% , respectively, as compared to the same period in 2017 .

In Australia, gross profit increased $2.0 million or 19.2% , for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase was primarily in RPO recruitment gross profit which increased $1.9 million , or 19.8% , for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to the same period in 2017 .

In Asia, gross profit increased $0.4 million or 12.2% , for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to the same period in 2017 .

Total gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 61.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to 64.5% for the same period in 2017 . Total gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 59.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to 66.6% for the same period in 2017 . The decrease in total gross profit as a percentage of revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018  resulted from an increase in contractor costs incurred in the delivery of RPO recruitment as compared to the same periods in 2017.
SG&A and Non-Op
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
$ in millions
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
 
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
Hudson Asia Pacific
SG&A and Non-Op
$
5.3

 
$
3.6

 
$
1.7

 
48.0
%
 
$
14.9

 
$
10.9

 
$
4.0

 
37.2
%
SG&A and Non-Op as a percentage of revenue
56.7
%
 
47.2
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
53.8
%
 
51.7
%
 
N/A

 
N/A


For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , SG&A and Non-Op increased $1.7 million , or 48.0% , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase was primarily due to higher consultant staff costs and allocated support costs partially due to the reclassification of prior year allocated support costs to discontinued operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , SG&A and Non-Op increased $4.0 million , or 37.2% , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase was primarily due to the reason stated above.

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , SG&A and Non-Op, as a percentage of revenue, was 56.7% , as compared to 47.2% for the same period in 2017 . The increase in SG&A and Non-Op, as a percentage of revenue, was principally due to the factors noted above.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , SG&A and Non-Op, as a percentage of revenue, was 53.8% , as compared to 51.7% for the same period in 2017 . The increase in SG&A and Non-Op, as a percentage of revenue, was principally due to the factors noted above.    
    
Operating Income and EBITDA
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
$ in millions
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
 
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
Hudson Asia Pacific
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income (loss)
$
0.7

 
$
1.4

 
$
(0.7
)
 
(49.6
)%
 
$
2.2

 
$
3.4

 
$
(1.3
)
 
(36.5
)%
EBITDA (loss)
$
0.5

 
$
1.3

 
$
(0.8
)
 
(64.8
)%
 
$
1.5

 
$
3.1

 
$
(1.6
)
 
(51.8
)%
EBITDA (loss) as a percentage of revenue
4.9
%
 
17.3
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
5.4
%
 
14.9
%
 
N/A

 
N/A


- 34 -


For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , EBITDA was $0.5 million , or 4.9% of revenue, as compared to EBITDA of $1.3 million , or 17.3% of revenue, for the same period in 2017 . For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , EBITDA was $1.5 million , or 5.4% of revenue, as compared to EBITDA of $3.1 million , or 14.9% of revenue, for the same period in 2017 . The decrease in EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was principally due to the increase in SG&A and Non-Op, partially offset by an increase in gross profit.
For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , operating income was $0.7 million , as compared to operating income of $1.4 million for the same period in 2017 . For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , operating income was $2.2 million , as compared to operating income of $3.4 million for the same period in 2017 . The difference between operating income and EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was principally due to corporate management fees, foreign currency gains and losses, and depreciation.

- 35 -

Hudson Europe (constant currency)
Revenue
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
$ in millions
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
 
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
Hudson Europe
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Revenue
$
4.2

 
$
3.8

 
$
0.5

 
12.8
%
 
$
11.8

 
$
11.2

 
$
0.6

 
5.3
%
  
For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , RPO contracting revenue and RPO recruitment revenue increased by $0.4 million and $0.2 million , or 25.4% and 7.2% as compared to the same period in 2017 .     

In the U.K., for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , revenue increased by $1.2 million , or 39.3% , to $4.2 million , from $3.0 million for the same period in 2017 . For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , the change in the U.K. was driven by an increase in RPO recruitment and RPO contracting revenue of $0.8 million and $0.4 million , or 49.9% or 25.4% , respectively, as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase in revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was due to higher demand from existing clients and the implementation of new client contracts.

In Continental Europe, total revenue was $0.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to $0.7 million for the same period in 2017, a decrease of $0.7 million , or 95.1% . The decrease in revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was due to the loss of a global contract in September 2017.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , RPO contracting increased $0.8 million , or 19.8% , partially offset by a decrease in RPO recruitment of $0.2 million , or 2.2% , as compared to the same period in 2017 .

In the U.K., for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , revenue increased by $2.8 million , or 31.4% , to $11.6 million , from $8.8 million for the same period in 2017 . For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the increase in the U.K. was driven by an increase in RPO recruitment and RPO contracting revenue of $1.9 million and $0.8 million , or 39.7% or 19.8% , respectively, as compared to the same period in 2017 .

In Continental Europe, total revenue was $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to $2.4 million for the same period in 2017, a decrease of $2.2 million , or 89.0% . The decrease in revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was due to the same factor noted above.

Gross Profit
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
$ in millions
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
 
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
Hudson Europe
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Gross profit
$
2.2

 
$
2.3

 
$
(0.1
)
 
(6.4
)%
 
$
6.4

 
$
6.9

 
$
(0.6
)
 
(8.2
)%
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue
50.8
%
 
61.3
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
53.9
%
 
61.8
%
 
N/A

 
N/A


For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , RPO recruitment gross profit decreased $0.1 million , or 6.6% , as compared to the same period in 2017.
    
In the U.K., total gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased $0.5 million , or 30.0% , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase in the U.K. was driven by an increase in RPO recruitment gross profit of $0.5 million , or 28.7% , as compared to the same period in 2017 .

In Continental Europe, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , total gross profit decreased $0.6 million , or 94.5% , as compared to the same period in 2017. The decline was due to the same factor noted above.

- 36 -


For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , RPO recruitment gross profit decreased by $0.6 million , or 8.8% , as compared to the same period in 2017 .

In the U.K., total gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased $1.3 million , or 26.6% , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The change in the U.K. was driven by an increase in RPO recruitment of $1.2 million , or 25.8% , as compared to the same period in 2017 .

In Continental Europe, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , total gross profit decreased $1.8 million , or 87.3% , as compared to the same period in 2017. The decline was due to the same factor noted above.

SG&A and Non-Op
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
$ in millions
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
 
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
Hudson Europe
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
SG&A and Non-Op
$
2.4

 
$
2.0

 
$
0.4

 
21.5
%
 
$
6.6

 
$
6.0

 
$
0.6

 
9.3
%
SG&A and Non-Op as a percentage of revenue
56.2
%
 
52.2
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
55.5
%
 
53.4
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

   
For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , SG&A and Non-Op increased $0.4 million , or 21.5% , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase in SG&A and Non-Op was a result of an increase in support costs partially due to the reclassification of prior year allocated support costs to discontinued operations.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , SG&A and Non-Op increased $0.6 million , or 9.3% , as compared to the same period in 2017 . The increase in SG&A and Non-Op was due to the same factor noted above.

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , SG&A and Non-Op, as a percentage of revenue, was 56.2% , as compared to 52.2% for the same period in 2017 . For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , SG&A and Non-Op, as a percentage of revenue, was 55.5% , as compared to 53.4% for the same period in 2017 . The increase in SG&A and Non-Op, as a percentage of revenue, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to the same factor noted above.

Operating Income and EBITDA
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change in amount
 
Change in %
$ in millions
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
 
As
reported
 
Constant
currency
 
 
Hudson Europe
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Operating income (loss)
$
(0.1
)
 
$
0.4

 
$
(0.5
)
 
N/A
 
$
0.2

 
$
1.1

 
$
(1.0
)
 
(84.2
)%
EBITDA (loss)
$
(0.2
)
 
$
0.3

 
$
(0.5
)
 
N/A
 
$
(0.2
)
 
$
0.9

 
$
(1.1
)
 
N/A

EBITDA (loss) as a percentage of revenue
(5.3
)%
 
7.8
%
 
N/A

 
N/A
 
(1.5
)%
 
7.9
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , EBITDA loss was $0.2 million , or 5.3% of revenue, as compared to EBITDA of $0.3 million , or 7.8% of revenue, for the same period in 2017 . The decrease in EBITDA of $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to the same period in 2017 , was principally due to the decline in gross profit and increase in SG&A and Non-op.


- 37 -

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , EBITDA loss was $0.2 million , or 1.5% of revenue, as compared to EBITDA of $0.9 million , or 7.9% of revenue, for the same period in 2017 . The decrease in EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to the same period in 2017 , was principally due to the same factors noted above.
For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , operating loss was $0.1 million , as compared to operating income of $0.4 million for the same period in 2017 . For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , operating income was $0.2 million and $1.1 million , respectively. The differences between operating income and EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were principally due to corporate management fees, foreign currency gains and losses, and depreciation.


- 38 -

The following are discussed in reported currency

Corporate Expenses, Net of Corporate Management Fee Allocations
 
Corporate expenses were $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to $2.1 million for the same period in 2017 , a decrease of $1.0 million . The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , was primarily due to a decrease in staff costs and professional fees and an increase in corporate allocations.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , corporate expenses were $6.5 million as compared to $5.8 million for the same period in 2017 , an increase of $0.7 million . The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily a result of additional compensation expense of $2.6 million due to severance expense recorded for three corporate executives (see Note 10).

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

Depreciation and amortization expense was $0.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to $0.1 million for the same period in 2017 , a decrease of $0.1 million , or 97.5% . For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , depreciation and amortization expense was $0.0 million , as compared to $0.2 million for the same period in 2017 , a decrease of $0.2 million , or 98.7% . The decrease was due to the lower level of capital expenditures incurred by the Company in recent years .

Interest Income

Interest income was $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to $0.0 million for the same period in 2017 . For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , interest income was $0.2 million as compared to $0.0 million for the same period in 2017 .

Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $0.4 million on $4.7 million of pre-tax loss from continuing operations, as compared to a provision for income tax of $0.9 million on $0.8 million of pre-tax loss from continuing operations for the same period in 2017 . The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were negative 8.4% and 101.0% , respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the effective tax rate differed from the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the inability of the Company to recognize tax benefits on certain losses until positive earnings are achieved in the U.S. and certain other foreign jurisdictions, non-deductible expenses, and variations from the U.S. tax rate in foreign jurisdictions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , the effective tax rate differed from the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the inability of the Company to recognize tax benefits on certain losses until positive earnings are achieved in the U.S. and certain other foreign jurisdictions, non-deductible expenses, and variations from the U.S. tax rate in foreign jurisdictions.

Net Income (Loss)

Net loss remained flat at $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 . Basic and diluted loss per share were $0.03 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to basic and diluted loss per share of $0.03 for the same period in 2017 .

Net income was $8.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to net loss of $0.9 million for the same period in 2017 , an increase in net income of $9.4 million . Basic and diluted income per share were $0.26 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to basic and diluted loss per share of $0.03 for the same period in 2017 .

- 39 -

Liquidity and Capital Resources  
As of September 30, 2018 , cash and cash equivalents totaled $38.4 million , as compared to $5.6 million as of December 31, 2017 . The following table summarizes the Company's cash flow activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 :
 
 
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
$ in millions
 
2018
 
2017
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
 
$
(18.3
)
 
$
(3.7
)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
 
27.6

 
(0.7
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
 
7.4

 
(1.3
)
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
 
0.2

 
1.0

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
 
$
16.9

 
$
(4.7
)
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , net cash used in operating activities was $18.3 million , as compared to $3.7 million net cash used in operating activities for the same period in 2017 , an increase in net cash used in operating activities of $14.6 million . The increase in net cash used in operating activities resulted principally from higher accrued bonus compensation in 2017 paid out in 2018 and transaction costs for the divestiture of the RTM businesses.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , net cash provided by investing activities was $27.6 million , as compared to $0.7 million of net cash used in investing activities for the same period in 2017, an increase in net cash provided by investing activities of $28.3 million . The increase in net cash provided by investing activities was due to the sale of the RTM businesses.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , net cash provided by financing activities was $7.4 million , as compared to net cash used in financing activities of $1.3 million for the same period in 2017 , an increase in net cash provided by financing activities of $8.7 million . The increase in net cash provided by financing activities was primarily attributable to an increase in net borrowings by subsidiaries prior to disposal of the RTM businesses.
Liquidity Outlook
As of September 30, 2018 , the Company had cash and cash equivalents on hand of $38.4 million , we had no long-term debt obligations, no capital lease obligations, or other similar long-term liabilities. We have no financial guarantees, debt or lease agreements or other arrangements that could trigger a requirement for an early payment or that could change the value of our assets. The Company believes that it has sufficient liquidity to satisfy its needs through at least the next 12 months, based on the Company's total liquidity as of September 30, 2018 . The Company's near-term cash requirements during 2018 are primarily related to funding operations. For the full year 2018 , the Company expects to make capital expenditures of less than $1.0 million.
As of September 30, 2018 , $31.5 million of the Company's cash and cash equivalents noted above were held in the U.S. and the remainder were held outside the U.S., primarily in Australia ( $2.4 million ), Switzerland ( $1.3 million ), Belgium ( $1.0 million ), the U.K ( $0.9 million ),the Netherlands ( $0.7 million ) and Singapore ( $0.5 million ). The majority of the Company's offshore cash is available to it as a source of funds, net of any tax obligations or assessments.


- 40 -

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.

Contingencies
From time to time in the ordinary course of business, the Company is subject to compliance audits by federal, state, local, and foreign government regulatory, tax, and other authorities relating to a variety of regulations, including wage and hour laws, unemployment taxes, workers' compensation, immigration, and income, value-added, and sales taxes. The Company is also subject to, from time to time in the ordinary course of business, various claims, lawsuits, and other complaints from, for example, clients, candidates, suppliers, landlords for both leased and subleased properties, former and current employees, and regulators or tax authorities. Periodic events and management actions such as business reorganization initiatives can change the number and type of audits, claims, lawsuits, contract disputes, or complaints asserted against the Company. Events can also change the likelihood of assertion and the behavior of third parties to reach resolution regarding such matters.
The economic circumstances in the recent past have given rise to many news reports and bulletins from clients, tax authorities, and other parties about changes in their procedures for audits, payment, plans to challenge existing contracts, and other such matters aimed at being more aggressive in the resolution of such matters in their own favor. The Company believes that it has appropriate procedures in place for identifying and communicating any matters of this type, whether asserted or likely to be asserted, and it evaluates its liabilities in light of the prevailing circumstances. Changes in the behavior of third parties could cause the Company to change its view of the likelihood of a claim and what might constitute a trend. Employment laws vary in the markets in which we operate, and in some cases, employees and former employees have extended periods during which they may bring claims against the Company.
For matters that have reached the threshold of probable and estimable, the Company has established reserves for legal, regulatory, and other contingent liabilities. The Company’s reserves were $0.0 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. Although the outcome of these matters cannot be determined, the Company believes that none of the currently pending matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I of this Form 10-Q for a full description of relevant recent accounting pronouncements, including the respective expected dates of adoption.
Critical Accounting Policies  
See "Critical Accounting Policies" under Item 7 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018 and incorporated by reference herein. There were no changes to the Company’s critical accounting policies during the three months ended September 30, 2018 .

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted Topic 606, which requires judgment in estimating the transaction price for revenue from contracts with customers. We have reached conclusions on key accounting assessments and estimates related to the impact of the new standard, which are described in Note 4 - "Revenue Recognition" in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part I. Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 10-Q contains statements that the Company believes to be "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Form 10-Q, including statements regarding the Company’s future financial condition, results of operations, business operations and business prospects, are forward-looking statements. Words such as "anticipate," "estimate," "expect," "project," "intend," "plan," "predict," "believe," and similar words, expressions, and variations of these words and expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are subject to important factors, risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including industry and economic conditions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Such factors, risks, uncertainties, and assumptions include, but are not limited to, (1) the Company’s ability to operate successfully as a company focused on its RPO business, (2) global economic fluctuations, (3) the Company's ability to successfully execute its strategic initiatives, (4) risks related to fluctuations in the Company’s operating results from quarter to quarter, (5) the ability of clients' to terminate their relationship with the Company

- 41 -

at any time, (6) competition in the Company’s markets, (7) the negative cash flows and operating losses that may recur in the future, (8) risks associated with the Company’s investment strategy, (9) risks related to international operations, including foreign currency fluctuations, (10) the Company’s dependence on key management personnel, (11) the Company’s ability to attract and retain highly-skilled professionals, (12) the Company’s ability to collect its accounts receivable, (13) the Company’s ability to maintain costs at an acceptable level, (14) the Company’s heavy reliance on information systems and the impact of potentially losing or failing to develop technology, (15) risks related to providing uninterrupted service to clients, (16) the Company’s exposure to employment-related claims from clients, employers, and regulatory authorities, current and former employees in connection with the Company’s business reorganization initiatives, and limits on related insurance coverage, (17) the Company’s ability to utilize net operating loss carry-forwards, (18) volatility of the Company’s stock price, (19) the impact of government regulations, (20) restrictions imposed by blocking arrangements, (21) risks related to potential acquisitions or dispositions of businesses by the Company, and (22) those risks set forth in "Risk Factors." The foregoing list should not be construed to be exhaustive. Actual results could differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q. In view of these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which are based on our current expectations. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q. The Company assumes no obligation, and expressly disclaims any obligation, to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

- 42 -

ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company conducts operations in various countries and faces both translation and transaction risks related to foreign currency exchange. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the Company earned approximately 74% of its gross profit from continuing operations outside the U.S., and it collected payments in local currency, and paid related operating expenses in such corresponding local currency. Revenues and expenses in foreign currencies translate into higher or lower revenues and expenses in U.S. dollars as the U.S. dollar weakens or strengthens against other currencies. Therefore, changes in exchange rates may affect our consolidated revenues and expenses (as expressed in U.S. dollars) from foreign operations.
Amounts invested in our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in the stockholders’ equity section of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The translation of foreign currency into U.S. dollars is reflected as a component of stockholders' equity and does not impact our reported net income (loss).
The Brexit referendum resulted in a decline in the value of the British pound, as compared to the U.S. dollar. The Company's U.K. operations, future financial performance, and translation of results may be affected, in part, by the outcome of tariff, trade, regulatory, and other negotiations as the U.K. negotiates its exit from the European Union.

ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures  
The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has conducted an evaluation of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2018 .
Changes in internal control over financial reporting  
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.


- 43 -
Index

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is involved in various legal proceedings that are incidental to the conduct of its business. The Company is not involved in any pending legal proceeding that it believes would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations.
 
ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS
As of September 30, 2018 , there have not been any material changes to the information set forth in Item 1A. "Risk Factors" disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 .

ITEM 2.    UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table summarizes purchases of common stock by the Company during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 .
 
Period
 
 Total Number
 of Shares 
Purchased
 
 Average Price Paid per Share
 
Total Number of
Shares 
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced 
Plans
or Programs
 
Approximate Dollar 
Value of Shares
that May Yet Be
Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs (a)
July 1, 2018 - July 31, 2018
 
8,452

 
$
1.72

 
—

 
$
2,625,345

August 1, 2018 - August 31, 2018
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,625,345

September 1, 2018 - September 30, 2018
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,625,345

Total
 
8,452

 
$
1.72

 
—

 
$
2,625,345

 
(a)
On July 30, 2015, the Company announced that its Board authorized the repurchase of up to $10.0 million of the Company's common stock. The authorization does not expire. See Note 12 for further details. As of September 30, 2018 , the Company had repurchased 3,641,605 shares for a total cost of approximately $7.4 million under this authorization. From time to time, the Company may enter into a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan for purposes of repurchasing common stock under this authorization.


ITEM 3.    DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
 
ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 5.    OTHER INFORMATION
None.

ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS


- 44 -
Index

HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
FORM 10-Q
EXHIBIT INDEX

The exhibits to this Form 10-Q are listed in the following Exhibit Index:
Exhibit No.
 
Description
3.1*
 
3.2
 
4.1
 
31.1*
 
31.2*
 
32.1**
 
32.2**
 
101*
 
The following materials from Hudson Global, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 are filed herewith, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

*Filed herewith.

** Furnished, not filed.


- 45 -
Index

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
 
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ JEFFREY E. EBERWEIN
 
 
 
Jeffrey E. Eberwein
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
Dated:
November 1, 2018
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ PATRICK LYONS
 
 
 
Patrick Lyons
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer
 
 
 
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
Dated:
November 1, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


- 46 -


Exhibit 3.1




CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT
OF THE
AMENDED AND RESTATED
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
____________________________________

HUDSON GLOBAL, INC., a corporation duly organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State Delaware (the " Corporation" ), does hereby certify that:

1. The amendments to the Corporation’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation set forth below were duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and have been consented to by the stockholders of the Corporation at a meeting called in accordance with Section 222 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

2. Article V, Section 2 of the Corporation’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation is amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

"(2) Number of Directors. The number of directors constituting the entire board of directors shall be fixed, and may be increased or decreased from time to time, exclusively by resolutions of the board of directors, and such number shall never be more than eleven nor less than three."

3. Article XIV, Section 1, subparagraph (g) of the Corporation’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation is amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

"(g) " Effective Date" means July 20, 2018."

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, said Corporation has caused this Certificate of Amendment to be signed by its duly authorized officer on this 31st day of July, 2018.

 
HUDSON GLOBAL, INC.
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Jeffrey E. Eberwein
 
 
Name:
Jeffrey E. Eberwein
 
 
Title:
Chief Executive Officer







Exhibit 31.1
 
CERTIFICATIONS
 
I, Jeffrey E. Eberwein, certify that:

1.
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Hudson Global, Inc.;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
 
Dated:
November 1, 2018
/s/ JEFFREY E. EBERWEIN
 
 
Jeffrey E. Eberwein
 
 
Chief Executive Officer
 





Exhibit 31.2
 
CERTIFICATIONS
 
I, Patrick Lyons, certify that:

1.
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Hudson Global, Inc.;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

 
Dated:
November 1, 2018
/s/ PATRICK LYONS
 
 
Patrick Lyons
 
 
Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer
 





Exhibit 32.1
 
Written Statement of the Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
Solely for the purposes of complying with 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, I, the undersigned Chief Executive Officer of Hudson Global, Inc. (the “Company”), hereby certify, based on my knowledge, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
/s/ JEFFREY E. EBERWEIN
 
Jeffrey E. Eberwein
 
November 1, 2018
 





Exhibit 32.2
 
Written Statement of the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
Solely for the purposes of complying with 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, I, the undersigned Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer of Hudson Global, Inc. (the "Company"), hereby certify, based on my knowledge, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
/s/ PATRICK LYONS
 
Patrick Lyons
 
November 1, 2018