UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

 

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

x Quarterly report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the quarter ended September 30, 2014 or
   
o Transition report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the transition period from ___________ to ____________

 

Commission File Number: 000-02040

  

CARBON NATURAL GAS COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   26-0818050
(State or other jurisdiction of   (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)   Identification No.)
     
1700 Broadway, Suite 1170, Denver, CO   80290
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)
     
Registrant's telephone number, including area code:   (720) 407-7043

 

 
(Former name, address and fiscal year, if changed since last report)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Company was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

YES   x                       NO   o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to rule 405 of Regulations S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). 

YES   x                      NO   o    

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and ‘smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer  o Accelerated filer  o Non-accelerated filer  o Smaller reporting company x
    (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). 

YES   o                 NO   x

 

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

 

At November 10, 2014, there were 106,875,447 issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.01 par value.

 

 

 

 
 

 

Carbon Natural Gas Company

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Part I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
     
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements  
     
  Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) 2
     
  Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) 3
     
  Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited) 4
     
  Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) 5
     
  Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) 6
     
Item 2 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 18
     
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 29
     
Part II – OTHER INFORMATION
     
Item 1. Legal Proceedings 30
     
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 30
     
Item 5. Other Information 30
     
Item 6. Exhibits 31

  

 
 

 

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

 

CARBON NATURAL GAS COMPANY

Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

    September 30,     December 31,  
(in thousands)   2014     2013  
    (Unaudited)        
ASSETS            
             
Current assets:            
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 514     $ 243  
Accounts receivable:                
Revenue     2,779       2,551  
Joint interest billings and other     498       627  
Derivative asset     147       -  
Prepaid expense, deposits and other current assets     159       95  
Total current assets     4,097       3,516  
                 
Property and equipment (note 4):                
Oil and gas properties, full cost method of accounting:                
Proved, net     41,471       39,033  
Unevaluated     3,439       2,235  
Other property and equipment, net     252       287  
      45,162       41,555  
                 
Investments in affiliates (note 5)     1,009       1,002  
Other long-term assets     519       688  
                 
Total assets   $ 50,787     $ 46,761  
                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY                
                 
Current liabilities:                
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities   $ 7,318     $ 6,605  
Firm transportation contract obligations (note 12)     512       556  
Derivative liabilities     -       226  
Total current liabilities     7,830       7,387  
                 
Non-current liabilities:                
Derivative liability     -       100  
Asset retirement obligations (note 2)     2,921       2,699  
Firm transportation contract obligations (note 12)     965       1,340  
Notes payable (note 6)     13,888       12,789  
Total non-current liabilities     17,774       16,928  
                 
Commitments (note 12)                
                 
Stockholders’ equity:                
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized 1,000,000 shares, no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013     -       -  
Common stock, $0.01 par value; authorized 200,000,000 shares, 106,875,447 and 114,470,223 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively     1,069       1,145  
Additional paid-in capital     52,770       55,029  
Non-controlling interests     3,015       3,045  
Accumulated deficit     (31,671 )     (36,773 )
Total stockholders’ equity     25,183       22,446  
                 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity   $ 50,787     $ 46,761  

 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

2
 

 

CARBON NATURAL GAS COMPANY

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

 

    Three Months Ended
September 30,
    Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
(in thousands except per share amounts)   2014     2013     2014     2013  
                                 
Revenue:                                
Oil and gas   $ 5,664     $ 5,122     $ 17,710     $ 13,143  
Commodity derivative gain (loss)     689       (265 )     (79 )     (190 )
Other income     82       92       254       325  
Total revenue     6,435       4,949       17,885       13,278  
                                 
Expenses:                                
Lease operating expenses     786       662       2,523       1,914  
Transportation costs     450       400       1,341       1,162  
Production and property taxes     481       369       1,350       965  
General and administrative     1,698       1,266       4,617       3,760  
Depreciation, depletion and amortization     815       767       2,307       2,069  
Accretion of asset retirement obligations     29       36       87       103  
Total expenses     4,259       3,500       12,225       9,973  
                                 
Operating income     2,176       1,449       5,660       3,305  
                                 
Other income and (expense):                                
Interest expense     (116 )     (157 )     (362 )     (470 )
Equity investment income (loss)     2       2       7       (77 )
Total other income and (expense)     (114 )     (155 )     (355 )     (547 )
                                 
Income before income taxes     2,062       1,294       5,305       2,758  
                                 
Provision for income taxes     -       -       -       -  
                                 
Net income before non-controlling interests     2,062       1,294       5,305       2,758  
                                 
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests     49       (20 )     203       (32 )
                                 
Net income attributable to controlling interest   $ 2,013     $ 1,314     $ 5,102     $ 2,790  
                                 
Net income per common share:                                
Basic   $ 0.02     $ 0.01     $ 0.05     $ 0.02  
Diluted   $ 0.02     $ 0.01     $ 0.04     $ 0.02  
Weighted average common shares outstanding:                                
Basic     105,683       112,513       110,196       112,468  
Diluted     110,808       120,334       115,292       120,270  

 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

3
 

 

CARBON NATURAL GAS COMPANY

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

 

                Additional     Non-           Total  
    Common Stock     Paid-in     Controlling     Accumulated     Stockholders’  
    Shares     Amount     Capital     Interests     Deficit     Equity  
                                                 
Balances, December 31, 2013     114,470     $ 1,145     $ 55,029     $ 3,045     $ (36,773 )   $ 22,446  
                                                 
Purchase of common stock     (8,154 )     (82 )     (3,179 )     -       -       (3,261 )
                                                 
Stock-based compensation     -       -       1,101       -       -       1,101  
                                                 
Restricted stock activity including vesting and shares exchanged for tax withholding     559       6       (181 )     -       -       (175 )
                                                 
Non-controlling interests distributions, net     -       -       -       (233 )     -       (233 )
                                                 
Net income     -       -       -       203       5,102       5,305  
                                                 
Balances, September 30, 2014     106,875     $ 1,069     $ 52,770     $ 3,015     $ (31,671 )   $ 25,183  

 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

4
 

 

CARBON NATURAL GAS COMPANY  

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited) 

 

    Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
(in thousands)   2014     2013  
             
Cash flows from operating activities:            
Net income   $ 5,305     $ 2,758  
Items not involving cash:                
Depreciation, depletion and amortization     2,307       2,069  
Accretion of asset retirement obligations     87       103  
Unrealized derivative (gain) loss     (477 )     14  
Stock-based compensation expense     1,101       641  
Equity investment (income) loss     (7 )     77  
Net change in:                
Accounts receivable     38       1,119  
Prepaid expenses, deposits and other current assets     (64 )     (35 )
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and firm transportation obligations     576       (2,094 )
Due from related parties     -       446  
Net cash provided by operating activities     8,866       5,098  
                 
Cash flows from investing activities:                
Development and acquisition of properties and equipment     (8,855 )     (6,140 )
Proceeds from disposition of assets     2,800       -  
Equity method distributions     -       125  
Other long-term assets     30       (35 )
Net cash used in investing activities     (6,025 )     (6,050 )
                 
Cash flows from financing activities:                
Purchase of common stock     (3,437 )     (92 )
Proceeds from notes payable     5,200       2,300  
Payments on notes payable     (4,100 )     (400 )
Distributions to non-controlling interests     (233 )     (7 )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities     (2,570 )     1,801  
                 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents     271       849  
                 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period     243       328  
                 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period   $ 514     $ 1,177  

 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

5
 

 

Note 1 – Organization

 

Carbon Natural Gas Company (“Carbon” or the “Company”) is an independent oil and gas company engaged in the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas in the United States. The Company’s business is comprised of the assets and properties of Nytis Exploration (USA) Inc. (“Nytis USA”) and its subsidiary Nytis Exploration Company LLC (“Nytis LLC”) which conduct the Company’s operations in the Appalachian and Illinois Basins. Collectively, Carbon, Nytis USA and Nytis LLC are referred to as the Company.

 

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal and recurring accruals) considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2014, the Company’s results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 and the Company’s cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year because of the impact of fluctuations in prices received for oil and natural gas, natural production declines, the uncertainty of exploration and development drilling results and other factors. For a more complete understanding of the Company’s operations, financial position and accounting policies, the unaudited financial statements and the notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2013 filed on Form 10-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

 

In the course of preparing the unaudited financial statements, management makes various assumptions, judgments and estimates to determine the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and in the disclosures of commitments and contingencies. Changes in these assumptions, judgments and estimates will occur as a result of the passage of time and the occurrence of future events and accordingly, actual results could differ from amounts initially established.

 

Principles of Consolidation

 

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Carbon, Nytis USA and its consolidated subsidiary. Carbon owns 100% of Nytis USA. Nytis USA owns approximately 99% of Nytis LLC. Nytis LLC also holds an interest in various oil and gas partnerships.

 

For partnerships where the Company has a controlling interest, the partnerships are consolidated. The Company is currently consolidating on a pro-rata basis 46 partnerships. In these instances, the Company reflects the non-controlling ownership interest in partnerships and subsidiaries as non-controlling interests on its Consolidated Statements of Operations and also reflects the non-controlling ownership interests in the net assets of the partnerships as non-controlling interests within stockholders’ equity on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

 

In accordance with established practice in the oil and gas industry, the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements also include its pro-rata share of assets, liabilities, income and lease operating and general and administrative expenses of the oil and gas partnerships in which the Company has a non-controlling interest.

 

Non-majority owned investments that do not meet the criteria for pro-rata consolidation are accounted for using the equity method when the Company has the ability to significantly influence the operating decisions of the investee. When the Company does not have the ability to significantly influence the operating decisions of an investee, the cost method is used. All transactions, if any, with investees have been eliminated in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

6
 

 

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

 

Accounting for Oil and Gas Operations

 

The Company uses the full cost method of accounting for oil and gas properties. Accordingly, all costs incidental to the acquisition, exploration and development of oil and gas properties, including costs of undeveloped leasehold, dry holes and leasehold equipment, are capitalized. Overhead costs incurred that are directly identified with acquisition, exploration and development activities undertaken by the Company for its own account, and which are not related to production, general corporate overhead or similar activities, are also capitalized.

 

Unproved properties are excluded from amortized capitalized costs until it is determined whether or not proved reserves can be assigned to such properties. The Company assesses its unproved properties for impairment at least annually. Significant unproved properties are assessed individually.

 

Capitalized costs are depleted by an equivalent unit-of-production method, converting oil to gas at the ratio of one barrel of oil to six thousand cubic feet of natural gas. Depletion is calculated using capitalized costs, including estimated asset retirement costs, plus the estimated future expenditures (based on current costs) to be incurred in developing proved reserves, net of estimated salvage values.

 

No gain or loss is recognized upon disposal of oil and gas properties unless such disposal significantly alters the relationship between capitalized costs and proved reserves. All costs related to production activities, including work-over costs incurred solely to maintain or increase levels of production from an existing completion interval, are charged to expense as incurred.

 

The Company performs a ceiling test quarterly. The full cost ceiling test is a limitation on capitalized costs prescribed by SEC Regulation S-X Rule 4-10. The ceiling test is not a fair value based measurement. Rather, it is a standardized mathematical calculation. The ceiling test provides that capitalized costs less related accumulated depletion and deferred income taxes may not exceed the sum of (1) the present value of future net revenue from estimated production of proved oil and gas reserves using the un-weighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the month price for the previous twelve month period, excluding the future cash outflows associated with settling asset retirement obligations that have been accrued on the balance sheet, at a discount factor of 10%; plus (2) the cost of properties not being amortized, if any; plus (3) the lower of cost or estimated fair value of unproved properties included in the costs being amortized, if any; less (4) income tax effects related to differences in the book and tax basis of oil and gas properties. Should the net capitalized costs exceed the sum of the components noted above, a ceiling test write-down would be recognized to the extent of the excess capitalized costs. Such impairments are permanent and cannot be recovered in future periods even if the sum of the components noted above exceeds the capitalized costs in future periods.

 

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company did not recognize a ceiling test impairment as the Company’s full cost pool did not exceed the ceiling limitations.

 

Investments in Affiliates

 

Investments in non-consolidated affiliates are accounted for under either the equity or cost method of accounting as appropriate. The cost method of accounting is used for investments in affiliates in which the Company has less than 20% of the voting interests of a corporate affiliate or less than a 5% interest of a partnership or limited liability company and does not have significant influence. Investments in non-consolidated affiliates, accounted for using the cost method of accounting, are recorded at cost and an impairment assessment of each investment is made annually to determine if a decline in the fair value of the investment, other than temporary, has occurred. A permanent impairment is recognized if a decline in the fair value occurs. If the Company holds between 20% and 50% of the voting interest in non-consolidated corporate affiliates or greater than a 5% interest of a partnership or limited liability company and exercises significant influence or control, the equity method of accounting is used to account for the investment. The Company’s investment in an affiliate that is accounted for using the equity method of accounting, increases or decreases by the Company’s share of the affiliate’s profits or losses and such profits or losses are recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company reviews equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an other than temporary decline in value has occurred. The amount of the impairment is based on quoted market prices, where available, or other valuation techniques. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, no impairment has been recognized on the Company’s investments in affiliates.

 

7
 

   

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

  

Asset Retirement Obligations

 

The Company’s asset retirement obligations (“ARO”) relate to future costs associated with the plugging and abandonment of oil and gas wells, removal of equipment and facilities from leased acreage and returning such land to its original condition. The fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation is recorded in the period in which it is incurred and the cost of such liability is recorded as an increase in the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset by the same amount. The liability is accreted each period and the capitalized cost is depleted on a units-of-production basis as part of the full cost pool. Revisions to estimated AROs result in adjustments to the related capitalized asset and corresponding liability.

 

The estimated ARO liability is based on estimated economic lives, estimates as to the cost to abandon the wells in the future, and federal and state regulatory requirements. The liability is discounted using a credit-adjusted risk-free rate estimated at the time the liability is incurred or increased as a result of a reassessment of expected cash flows and assumptions inherent in the estimation of the liability. Upward revisions to the liability could occur due to changes in estimated abandonment costs or well economic lives, or if federal or state regulators enact new requirements regarding the abandonment of wells. AROs are valued utilizing Level 3 fair value measurement inputs.

 

The following table is a reconciliation of the ARO for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013:

 

    Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
(in thousands)   2014     2013  
Balance at beginning of period   $ 2,699     $ $2,321  
Accretion expense     87       103  
Additions assumed with consolidated partnerships     4       34  
Additions during period     131       164  
                 
Balance at end of period   $ 2,921     $ 2,622  

  

Earnings Per Common Share

 

Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The shares of restricted common stock granted to certain officers and employees of the Company are included in the computation of basic net income (loss) per share only after the shares become fully vested. Diluted earnings per common share includes both the vested and unvested shares of restricted stock and the potential dilution that could occur upon exercise of options and warrants to acquire common stock, computed using the treasury stock method, which assumes that the increase in the number of shares is reduced by the number of shares which could have been repurchased by the Company with the proceeds from the exercise of options and warrants (which were assumed to have been made at the average market price of the common shares during the reporting period).

 

For the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the diluted income per common share calculation excludes the dilutive effect of approximately 250,000 and 2.7 million common stock equivalents, respectively, that were out-of-the-money and approximately 4.7 million and 3.1 million restricted performance units, respectively, subject to future contingencies. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the diluted income per common share calculation excludes the dilutive effect of approximately 250,000 and 2.9 million common stock equivalents, respectively, that were out-of-the-money and approximately 4.7 million and 3.1 million restricted performance units, respectively, subject to future contingencies.

 

8
 

 

Note 3– Acquisitions and Dispositions

 

Liberty Participation Agreement

 

On February 25, 2014, Nytis LLC entered into a participation agreement (the “Participation Agreement”) with Liberty Energy LLC (“Liberty”) that allows Liberty to participate with Nytis LLC in the drilling and completion of wells on certain of Nytis LLC’s leases located in Kentucky.

 

Pursuant to the Participation Agreement, Liberty paid Nytis LLC approximately $1.7 million. Upon receipt of this payment, Nytis LLC assigned to Liberty a 40% working interest in the covered leases. In accordance with the agreement, Liberty will pay a disproportionate percentage of the costs associated with drilling and completing 20 wells on the covered leases. In addition, pursuant to the Participation Agreement, as of September 30, 2014, Liberty purchased a 40% interest in additional acreage for approximately $1.1 million.

 

The Participation Agreement also provided for the reservation by Nytis LLC of an overriding royalty interest with respect to the covered leases, subject to an agreed upon minimum net revenue interest.

 

Following the drilling of these 20 wells, Nytis LLC and Liberty will pay their respective costs on a basis proportionate to their working interests.

 

As the transaction did not significantly alter the relationship between capitalized costs and proved reserves, the Company did not recognize a gain or loss. The proceeds from the Participation Agreement were recorded as a reduction of the Company’s investment in its unproved and proved oil and gas properties.

 

Note 4 – Property and Equipment

 

Net property and equipment as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 consists of the following:

 

(in thousands)   September 30,
2014
    December 31,
2013
 
             
Oil and gas properties:            
Proved oil and gas properties   $ 105,400     $ 100,769  
Unproved properties not subject to depletion     3,439       2,235  
Accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment     (63,929 )     (61,736 )
Net oil and gas properties     44,910       41,268  
                 
Furniture and fixtures, computer hardware and software, and other equipment     1,039       960  
Accumulated depreciation and amortization     (787 )     (673 )
Net other property and equipment     252       287  
                 
Total net property and equipment   $ 45,162     $ 41,555  

 

As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had approximately $3.4 million and $2.2 million, respectively, of unproved oil and gas properties not subject to depletion. The costs not subject to depletion relate to unproved properties that are excluded from amortized capital costs until it is determined whether or not proved reserves can be assigned to such properties. The excluded properties are assessed for impairment at least annually. Subject to industry conditions, evaluation of most of these properties and the inclusion of their costs in amortized capital costs is expected to be completed within five years.

 

During the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company capitalized general and administrative expenses applicable to development and exploration activities of approximately $121,000 and $113,000, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company capitalized general and administrative expenses applicable to development and exploration activities of approximately $379,000 and $347,000, respectively.

 

9
 

 

Note 4 – Property and Equipment (continued)

 

Depletion expense related to oil and gas properties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 was approximately $779,000, or $1.05 per Mcfe, and approximately $2.2 million, or $1.00 per Mcfe, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, depletion expense was approximately $732,000, or $1.01 per Mcfe, and approximately $2.0 million, or $0.94 per Mcfe, respectively.

 

Depreciation and amortization expense related to furniture and fixtures, computer hardware and software and other equipment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 was approximately $36,000 and $114,000, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 was approximately $35,000 and $94,000, respectively.

 

Note 5– Equity Method Investment

 

The Company has a 50% interest in Crawford County Gas Gathering Company, LLC (“CCGGC”) which owns and operates pipelines and related gathering and treating facilities. The Company’s gas production located in Illinois is gathered and transported on CCGGC’s gathering facilities. The Company’s investment in CCGGC is accounted for under the equity method of accounting, and its share of the income or loss is recognized. During the nine month periods ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded equity method income of approximately $7,000 and a loss of $77,000, respectively, related to this investment.

 

Note 6 – Bank Credit Facility

 

Nytis LLC’s credit facility with Bank of Oklahoma, which matures in May 2017, has a borrowing base of $20.0 million and a maximum line of credit available under hedging arrangements of $9.5 million. Carbon and Nytis USA are guarantors of Nytis LLC’s obligations under its credit facility.

 

No repayments of principal are required until maturity, except to the extent that outstanding balances exceed the borrowing base then in effect; however, the Company has the right both to repay principal at any time and to reborrow. Subject to the agreement between the Company and the lender, the size of the credit facility may be increased up to $50.0 million. The borrowing base is redetermined semi-annually, and the available borrowing amount could be increased or decreased as a result of such redeterminations. Under certain circumstances the lender may request an interim redetermination. The facility has variable interest rates based upon the ratio of outstanding debt to the borrowing base. Interest rates are based on either an Alternate Base Rate or LIBOR. The portion of the loan based on an “Alternate Base Rate” is determined by the rate per annum equal to 1.5% plus the greatest of the following: (a) the Federal Funds Rate for such day plus one-half of one percentage point, (b) the Prime Rate for such day or (c) LIBOR for a one-month LIBOR Interest Period plus one percentage point. The portion based on LIBOR is determined by the rate per annum equal to LIBOR plus between 2.5% and 3.25% for each LIBOR tranche. The credit facility includes a hedging component that provides a line of credit under commodity swap, exchange, collar, cap and fixed price agreements in addition to agreements designated to protect the Company against changes in interest and currency exchange rates.

 

At September 30, 2014, there were approximately $13.9 million in outstanding borrowings and approximately $6.1 million of additional borrowing capacity available under the credit facility. The Company’s effective borrowing rate at September 30, 2014 was approximately 3.0%. The credit facility is collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s oil and gas assets. The credit facility includes terms that place limitations on certain types of activities and the payment of dividends, and requires satisfaction of a minimum current ratio (the ratio of current assets (including borrowing base capacity) to current liabilities as defined) of 1.0 to 1.0 and a maximum funded debt ratio (the ratio of the outstanding balance of all interest bearing indebtedness to the sum of EBITDAX (net income plus interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, exploration and impairment expenses and other non-cash charges) for the most recently completed fiscal quarter times four) of 4.25 to 1.0 as of the end of any fiscal quarter.

 

The Company is in compliance with all covenants associated with the credit agreement as of September 30, 2014.

 

10
 

 

Note 7 – Income Taxes

 

The Company recognizes deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The Company has net operating loss carryforwards available in certain jurisdictions to reduce future taxable income. Future tax benefits for net operating loss carryforwards are recognized to the extent that realization of these benefits is considered more likely than not. To the extent that available evidence raises doubt about the realization of a deferred income tax asset, a valuation allowance is established.

 

At September 30, 2014, the Company has established a full valuation allowance against the balance of net deferred tax assets.

 

Note 8 – Stockholders’ Equity

 

Authorized and Issued Capital Stock

 

As of September 30, 2014, the Company had 200,000,000 shares of common stock authorized with a par value of $0.01 per share, of which 106,875,447 were issued and outstanding and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized with a par value of $0.01 per share, none of which were issued and outstanding. During the first nine months of 2014, increases in the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock reflect restricted stock, net of shares exchanged for payroll tax obligations paid by the Company, that vested during the period. In addition, pursuant to a Stock Purchase Agreement dated June 9, 2014, the Company purchased approximately 8.2 million shares of the Company’s common stock from a shareholder for a purchase price of $0.40 per share. This purchase represented 100% of the shareholder’s holdings of the Company’s common stock. These shares were canceled and returned to the Company's authorized stock and reduced the number of shares issued and outstanding.

 

Equity Plans Prior to Merger

 

Pursuant to the merger of Nytis USA with and into the Company (formerly known as St. Lawrence Seaway Corporation (“SLSC”)) in 2011, all options, warrants and restricted stock were adjusted to reflect the conversion ratio used in the merger. As of September 30, 2014, the Company has 163,076 options outstanding and exercisable, 2,696,133 warrants (including 250,000 warrants granted by SLSC prior to the merger) outstanding and exercisable and 1,468,181 shares of common stock outstanding that are subject to restricted stock agreements.

 

Nytis USA Restricted Stock Plan

 

As of September 30, 2014, there were 1,468,181 shares of unvested restricted stock granted under the Nytis USA Restricted Stock Plan (“Nytis USA Plan”). The Company accounted for these grants at their intrinsic value. From the dates of grant through March 31, 2013, the Company estimated that none of these shares would vest and accordingly, no compensation cost had been recorded through March 31, 2013.

 

In June 2013, the vesting terms of these restricted stock grants were modified so that 25% of the shares would vest on the first of January from 2014 through 2017. As such, the Company is recognizing compensation expense for these restricted stock grants based on the fair value of the shares on the date the vesting terms were modified. Compensation costs recognized for these restricted stock grants were approximately $84,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 and $251,000 and $84,000 respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. As of September 30, 2014, there was approximately $755,000 of unrecognized compensation costs related to these restricted stock grants which the Company expects will be recognized ratably over the next 2.3 years.

 

Carbon Stock Incentive Plan

 

In 2011, the stockholders of Carbon approved the adoption of Carbon’s 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (“Carbon Plan”), under which 12,600,000 shares of common stock were authorized for issuance to Carbon officers, directors, employees or consultants eligible to receive awards under the Carbon Plan.

 

11
 

 

Note 8 – Stockholders’ Equity (continued)

 

The Carbon Plan provides for granting Director Stock Awards to Non-Employee Directors and for granting Incentive Stock Options, Non-qualified Stock Options, Restricted Stock Awards, Performance Awards and Phantom Stock Awards, or a combination of the foregoing as is best suited to the circumstances of the particular employee, officer or consultant.

 

Restricted Stock

 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, 1,600,000 shares of restricted stock were granted under the terms of the Carbon Plan in addition to 3,210,000 shares granted during previous years. For employees, these restricted stock awards vest ratably over a three-year service period and for non-employee directors the awards vest upon the earlier of a change in control of the Company or the date their membership on the Board of Directors is terminated other than for cause. The Company recognizes compensation expense for these restricted stock grants based on the grant date fair value of the shares, amortized ratably over three years for employee awards (based on the required service period for vesting) and seven years for non-employee director awards (based on a market survey of the average tenure of directors among U.S. public companies). As of September 30, 2014, approximately 1.3 million of these restricted stock grants have vested.

 

Compensation costs recognized for these restricted stock grants were approximately $220,000 and $150,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively and approximately $591,000 and $376,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As of September 30, 2014, there was approximately $1.5 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to these restricted stock grants. This cost is expected to be recognized over the next 6.5 years.

 

Restricted Performance Units

 

As of September 30, 2014, 4,810,000 shares of restricted performance units have been granted under the terms of the Carbon Plan. The performance units represent a contractual right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock subject to the terms and conditions of the agreements including the achievement of the price of the Company’s stock, net asset value per share, net production per share and Adjusted EBITDA (defined as net income (loss) before interest expense, taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, accretion of asset retirement obligations, ceiling test write downs of oil and gas properties and the gain or loss on sold investments or properties) per share relative to a defined peer group and the lapse of forfeiture restrictions pursuant to the terms and conditions of the agreements, including for certain of the grants, the requirement of continuous employment by the grantee prior to a change in control of the Company. Based on the relative achievement of performance, 4,686,160 of the restricted performance units are outstanding as of September 30, 2014.

 

The Company accounts for the performance units granted during 2012 and 2014 at their fair value determined at the date of grant. The final measurement of compensation cost will be based on the number of performance units that ultimately vest. At September 30, 2014, the Company estimated that none of the performance units granted in 2012 and 2014 would vest due to change in control and other performance provisions and accordingly, no compensation cost has been recorded. As of September 30, 2014, if change in control and other performance provisions pursuant to the terms and conditions of these agreements are met in full, the estimated unrecognized compensation cost related to the performance units granted in 2012 and 2014 would be approximately $2.2 million.

 

The performance units granted in 2013 contain specific vesting provisions, no change in control provisions nor any performance conditions other than stock price performance. Due to different earning requirements compared to the performance units granted in 2012 and 2014, the Company recognizes compensation expense for the performance units granted in 2013 based on the grant date fair value of the performance units, amortized ratably over three years (the performance period). The fair value of the performance units granted in 2013 was estimated using the following key assumptions: no expected dividends, volatility of our stock and those of defined peer companies used to determine our performance relative to the defined peer group, a risk free interest rate and an expected life of three years. Compensation costs recognized for these performance unit grants were approximately $86,000 and $91,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and approximately $259,000 and $182,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As of September 30, 2014, there was approximately $559,000 of unrecognized compensation costs related to performance units granted in 2013. These costs are expected to be recognized over the next 1.5 years.

 

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Note 9 – Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 consist of the following:

 

    September 30,     December 31,  
(in thousands)   2014     2013  
             
Accounts payable   $ 1,530     $ 2,151  
Oil and gas revenue payable to oil and gas property owners     686       1,307  
Production taxes payable     148       165  
Drilling advances received from joint venture partner     2,473       740  
Accrued drilling costs     198       162  
Accrued lease operating costs     58       42  
Accrued ad valorem taxes     1,101       681  
Accrued general and administrative expenses     902       1,146  
Other accrued liabilities     222       211  
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities   $ 7,318     $ 6,605  

 

Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements

 

Authoritative guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available under the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:

 

  Level 1: Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
     
  Level 2: Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities that are observable for the asset or liability; or
     
  Level 3: Unobservable pricing inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources, such as discounted cash flow models or valuations.

 

Financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers in and/or out of the fair value hierarchy as of the end of the reporting period for which the event or change in circumstances caused the transfer. The Company has consistently applied the valuation techniques discussed below for all periods presented.

 

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Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements (continued)

 

The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 by level within the fair value hierarchy:

 

    Fair Value Measurements Using  
(in thousands)   Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Total  
September 30, 2014                        
Assets:                                
    Commodity derivatives   $ -     $ 151     $ -     $ 151  
                                 
December 31, 2013                                
Liabilities:                                
    Commodity derivatives   $ -     $ 326     $ -     $ 326  

 

As of September 30, 2014, the Company’s commodity derivative financial instruments are comprised of ten natural gas swap agreements and five oil swap agreements. The fair values of the swap agreements are determined under the income valuation technique using a discounted cash flow model. The valuation model requires a variety of inputs, including contractual terms, published forward prices, volatilities for options, and discount rates, as appropriate. The Company’s estimates of fair value of derivatives include consideration of the counterparty’s credit worthiness, the Company’s credit worthiness and the time value of money. The consideration of these factors resulted in an estimated exit-price for each derivative asset or liability under a market place participant’s view. All of the significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; therefore, the Company’s derivative instruments are included within the Level 2 fair value hierarchy. The counterparty in all of the Company’s commodity derivative financial instruments is the lender in the Company’s bank credit facility.

 

Assets Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis

 

The fair value of the following liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis are based on unobservable pricing inputs and therefore, are included within the Level 3 fair value hierarchy.

 

The Company uses the income valuation technique to estimate the fair value of asset retirement obligations using the amounts and timing of expected future dismantlement costs, credit-adjusted risk-free rates and time value of money. During the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded asset retirement obligations for additions of approximately $135,000 and $198,000, respectively. See Note 2 for additional information.

 

Note 11 – Physical Delivery Contracts and Commodity Derivatives

 

The Company at times enters into oil and gas physical delivery contracts to effectively provide pricing hedges. At September 30, 2014, the Company has a fixed price contract requiring physical delivery of approximately 1,000 Bbl/day at an average price of $96.70 per Bbl for October 2014 through August 2015. Because this contract is not expected to be net cash settled, it is considered to be a normal sales contract and not a derivative. Therefore, this contract is not recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Other than the above mentioned contract, the Company’s other oil and gas sales contracts approximate index prices.

 

The Company has historically used commodity-based derivative contracts to manage exposure to commodity prices on certain of its oil and natural gas production. The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes.

 

14
 

 

Note 11 – Physical Delivery Contracts and Commodity Derivatives (continued)

 

The Company’s swap agreements as of September 30, 2014 are summarized in the table below:

 

    Natural Gas     Oil  
          Weighted           Weighted  
          Average           Average  
Period   MMBtu     Price (a)     Bbl     Price (b)  
Oct - Dec 2014     250,000     $ 4.16       12,000     $ 93.79  
Jan - Mar 2015     220,000     $ 4.06       5,000     $ 94.52  
Apr - Jun 2015     170,000     $ 4.04       3,000     $ 94.80  
Jul - Sep 2015     180,000     $ 4.05       2,000     $ 94.80  
Oct - Dec 2015     180,000     $ 4.05       -       -  
Jan - Mar 2016     30,000     $ 4.20       -       -  
Apr - Jun 2016     10,000     $ 4.20       -       -  

 

(a) NYMEX Henry Hub Natural Gas futures contract for the respective delivery month.
(b) NYMEX Light Sweet Crude West Texas Intermediate futures contract for the respective delivery month.

 

For its swap instruments, the Company receives a fixed price for the hedged commodity and pays a floating price to the counterparty. The fixed-price payment and the floating-price payment are netted, resulting in a net amount due to or from the counterparty.

 

The following table summarizes the fair value of the derivatives recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These derivative instruments are not designated as cash flow hedging instruments for accounting purposes:

 

(in thousands)   September 30,
2014
    December 31,
2013
 
Commodity derivative contracts:                
Current assets   $ 147     $ -  
Non-current assets   $ 4     $ -  
Current liabilities   $ -     $ 226  
Non-current liabilities   $ -     $ 100  

 

The table below summarizes the realized and unrealized gains and losses related to the Company’s derivative instruments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. These realized and unrealized losses are recorded and included in commodity derivative gain or loss in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

    Three Months Ended
September 30,
    Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
(in thousands)   2014     2013     2014     2013  
Commodity derivative contracts:                        
Realized losses   $ (54 )   $ (79 )   $ (556 )   $ (176 )
Unrealized gains (losses)     743       (186 )     477       (14 )
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), net   $ 689     $ (265 )   $ (79 )   $ (190 )

 

Realized losses are included in cash flows from operating activities in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

 

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Note 11 – Physical Delivery Contracts and Gas Derivatives (continued)

 

The counterparty in all of the Company’s derivative instruments is the lender in the Company’s bank credit facility; accordingly, the Company is not required to post collateral since the bank is secured by the Company’s oil and natural gas assets. The Company nets its derivative instrument fair value amounts executed with its counterparty pursuant to an ISDA master agreement, which provides for the net settlement over the term of the contract and in the event of default or termination of the contract. The following table summarizes the location and fair value amounts of all derivative instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2014, as well as the gross recognized derivative assets, liabilities and amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet:

 

                Net  
    Gross           Recognized  
    Recognized     Gross     Fair Value  
    Assets/     Amounts     Assets/  
Balance Sheet Classification (in thousands)   Liabilities     Offset     Liabilities  
                   
Commodity derivative assets:                  
Current derivative asset   $ 215     $ (68 )   $ 147  
Other long-term assets     14       (10 )     4  
Total derivative assets   $ 229     $ (78 )   $ 151  
                         
Commodity derivative liabilities:                        
Current derivative liability     68       (68 )     -  
Non-current derivative liability     10       (10 )     -  
Total derivative liabilities   $ 78     $ (78 )   $ -  

 

Due to the volatility of oil and natural gas prices, the estimated fair value of the Company’s derivatives are subject to large fluctuations from period to period.

 

Note 12 – Commitments

 

The Company has entered into long-term firm transportation contracts to ensure the transport for certain of its gas production to purchasers. Firm transportation volumes and the related demand charges for the remaining term of these contracts at September 30, 2014 are summarized in the table below. 

 

Period   Dekatherms per day     Demand Charges
Oct 2014     6,450     $0.20 - $0.67
Nov 2014 - May 2015     4,450     $0.20 - $0.67
Jun 2015 - Dec 2017     3,300     $0.22 - $0.67
Jan 2018 - May 2036     1,000     $0.22

 

A liability of approximately $1.5 million related to firm transportation contracts assumed in a 2011 asset acquisition, which represents the remaining commitment, is reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2014. The fair value of these firm transportation obligations were determined based upon the contractual obligations assumed by the Company and discounted based upon the Company’s effective borrowing rate. These contractual obligations are being amortized on a monthly basis as the Company pays these firm transportation obligations in the future.

 

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Note 13 – Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosure

 

Supplemental cash flow disclosures for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 are presented below:

 

    Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
(in thousands)   2014     2013  
             
Cash paid during the period for:            
Interest payments   $ 328     $ 453  
                 
Non-cash transactions:                
Increase in net asset retirement obligations   $ 135     $ 198  
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities included in oil  and gas properties   $ (277 )   $ 2,340  
Receivables due from partners assumed in acquisition of partnership interests   $ 2     $ 10  

 

Note 14 – Subsequent Event

 

On October 15, 2014, the Company, together with Liberty, (the “Sellers”) entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “PSA”) for the sale of a portion of the Company’s interest in rights below the base of the Clinton Formation (the “Deep Rights”) underlying certain oil and gas leases located in Kentucky and West Virginia (the “Leases”).

 

Pursuant to the PSA, the Sellers will reserve (i) a minority working interest in the Deep Rights, (ii) an overriding royalty interest in certain of the Deep Rights and (iii) all rights from the surface to the base of the Clinton formation underlying the Leases. In consideration of the conveyance of the Deep Rights, at closing, the Company’s share of the cash proceeds from the sale will be approximately $12 million.

 

The closing of the PSA transaction is subject to due diligence by the buyer. The PSA contains customary representations, warranties and covenants by the parties. The PSA may be terminated by the Sellers or the buyer: (i) if the downward adjustments to the Purchase Price attributable to title defects or adverse environmental conditions exceed certain thresholds; (ii) if the representations and warranties by either party fail to be materially correct at closing; or (iii) if either party fails to perform or satisfy covenants required for closing. The PSA provides for a closing date no later than 60 days from the date of the PSA.

 

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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

General Overview

 

All expectations, forecasts, assumptions and beliefs about our future results, condition, operations and performance are forward-looking statements as described under the heading “ Forward Looking Statements ” at the end of this Item. Our actual results may differ materially because of a number of risks and uncertainties. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto and the information included or incorporated by reference in the Company’s 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the headings “ Risk Factors ” and “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations .”

 

Carbon is an independent oil and natural gas company engaged in the acquisition, exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas properties located in the Appalachian and Illinois Basins of the United States. We focus on conventional and unconventional reservoirs, including shale, tight sands and coalbed methane. Our executive offices are located in Denver, Colorado and we maintain an office in Lexington, Kentucky from which we conduct our oil and natural gas operations.

 

At September 30, 2014, our proved developed reserves were comprised of 12% oil and 88% natural gas. Our financial results are sensitive to fluctuations in oil and natural gas prices. Our current capital expenditure program is focused on the development of our oil reserves. We believe that our drilling inventory and our lease position, combined with our low operating expense and cost structure, provides us with a portfolio of opportunities for the development of our oil and natural gas properties. Our growth plan is centered on the following activities:

 

· Development of the Company’s oil reserves;
· Development of oil and natural gas projects that we believe will generate attractive risk adjusted rates of return;
· Development and maintenance of a portfolio of low risk, long-lived oil and natural gas properties that provide stable cash flows; and
· Property and land acquisitions that complement our core producing areas.

Our revenue, profitability and future growth rate depend on many factors which are beyond our control, such as economic, political and regulatory developments and competition from other industry participants. Oil and gas prices historically have been volatile and may fluctuate widely in the future. The following table highlights the quarterly average of NYMEX price trends for oil and natural gas prices for the last eight calendar quarters:

 

    2012     2013     2014  
    Q4     Q1     Q2     Q3     Q4     Q1    

Q2

   

Q3

 
                                                                 
Oil (Bbl)   $ 88.20     $ 94.34     $ 94.23     $ 105.82     $ 97.50     $ 98.62     $ 102.98     $ 97.21  
                                                                 
Natural Gas (MMBtu)   $ 3.41     $ 3.34     $ 4.10     $ 3.58     $ 3.60     $ 4.93     $ 4.68     $ 4.07  

 

Lower oil and natural gas prices may not only decrease our revenues, but may also reduce the amount of oil and natural gas that the Company can produce economically and thus potentially lower our oil and natural gas reserves. A substantial or extended decline in oil or natural gas prices may result in future impairments of our proved reserves and may materially and adversely affect our future business, financial condition, cash flows, results of operations or liquidity. Lower oil and natural gas prices may also reduce the amount of borrowing base under our bank credit facility, which is determined at the discretion of our lender.

 

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Operational Highlights

 

At September 30, 2014, we had over 278,000 net acres of mineral leases located in the Appalachian and Illinois Basins of the United States. Approximately 50% of this acreage is held by production and of the remaining acreage, approximately 39% have lease terms of greater than five years remaining in the primary term or contractual extension periods. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, we participated in the drilling of 17 oil wells in the Berea Sandstone, of which 12 wells have commenced production as of the end of the period and the remaining five wells are in various stages of drilling or completion. Sixteen of the drilled wells were part of the two Liberty drilling programs, three of which were drilled on a promoted basis.

 

The principal focus of our leasing, drilling and completion activities is directed towards a Berea Sandstone horizontal oil drilling program in eastern Kentucky and western West Virginia. At September 30, 2014, we have over 40,000 net mineral acres in the region. Since 2010, we have drilled over 51 gross horizontal wells in the drilling program. During the program, we have developed expertise in the development of the reserves and improved well drilling and completion performance including reduced drilling days, increased horizontal lateral length, decreased cost per frac stage and reduced days from spud to first production. In addition, we have established an infrastructure of oil and natural gas gathering and salt water handling and disposal facilities which will benefit the economics of future drilling. We continue to acquire leases and producing properties in the areas where we have identified additional potential to expand our activities.

 

Our natural gas properties are largely held by production and contain a low risk multi-year development inventory of locations which, at the appropriate level of natural gas commodity price, will provide significant drilling and completion opportunities from multiple proven producing formations.

 

Recent Developments

 

On October 15, 2014, the Company, together with Liberty, (the “Sellers”) entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “PSA”) for the sale of a portion of the Company’s interest in rights below the base of the Clinton Formation (the “Deep Rights”) underlying certain oil and gas leases located in Kentucky and West Virginia (the “Leases”).

 

Pursuant to the PSA, the Sellers will reserve (i) a minority working interest in the Deep Rights, (ii) an overriding royalty interest in certain of the Deep Rights and (iii) all rights from the surface to the base of the Clinton formation underlying the Leases. In consideration of the conveyance of the Deep Rights, at closing, the Company’s share of the cash proceeds from the sale will be approximately $12 million.

 

The closing of the PSA transaction is subject to due diligence by the buyer. The PSA contains customary representations, warranties and covenants by the parties. The PSA may be terminated by the Sellers or the buyer: (i) if the downward adjustments to the Purchase Price attributable to title defects or adverse environmental conditions exceed certain thresholds; (ii) if the representations and warranties by either party fail to be materially correct at closing; or (iii) if either party fails to perform or satisfy covenants required for closing. The PSA provides for a closing date no later than 60 days from the date of the PSA.

 

Pursuant to a Stock Purchase Agreement dated June 9, 2014, the Company purchased approximately 8.2 million shares of the Company’s common stock from a shareholder for a purchase price of $0.40 per share. This purchase represented 100% of the shareholder’s holdings of the Company’s common stock. These shares were canceled and returned to the Company’s authorized stock and reduced the number of shares issued and outstanding.

 

On February 25, 2014, Nytis LLC entered into a Participation Agreement with Liberty that allows Liberty to participate with Nytis LLC in the drilling and completion of wells on certain of Nytis LLC’s leases located in Kentucky.

 

Pursuant to the Participation Agreement, Liberty paid Nytis LLC approximately $1.7 million. Upon receipt of this payment, Nytis LLC assigned to Liberty a 40% working interest in the covered leases. In accordance with the agreement, Liberty will pay a disproportionate percentage of the costs associated with drilling and completing 20 wells on the covered leases. In addition, pursuant to the agreement, as of September 30, 2014, Liberty purchased a 40% interest in additional acreage for approximately $1.1 million. As of September 30, 2014, Liberty has participated in four wells, three of which were drilled on a promoted basis, pursuant to this agreement.

 

The Participation Agreement also provides for the reservation by Nytis LLC of an overriding royalty interest with respect to the covered leases, subject to an agreed upon minimum net revenue interest.

 

Following the drilling of these 20 wells, Nytis LLC and Liberty will pay their respective costs on a basis proportionate to their working interest.

 

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Results of Operations

 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2013

 

The following discussion and analysis relates to items that have affected our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. The following table sets forth, for the periods presented, selected historical statements of operations data. The information contained in the table below should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto and the information under “ Forward Looking Statements ” below.

 

   

Three Months Ended

       
   

September 30,

   

Percent

 
(in thousands except production and per unit data)   2014     2013     Change  
Revenue:                  
Oil and natural gas revenues   $ 5,664     $ 5,122       11 %
Commodity derivative gain (loss)     689       (265 )     *  
Other income     82       92       (11 %)
Total revenues     6,435       4,949       30 %
                         
Expenses:                        
Lease operating expenses     786       662       19 %
Transportation costs     450       400       13 %
Production and property taxes     481       369       30 %
General and administrative     1,698       1,266       34 %
Depreciation, depletion and amortization     815       767       6 %
Accretion of asset retirement obligations     29       36       (19 %)
Total expenses     4,259       3,500       22 %
                         
Operating income   $ 2,176     $ 1,449       50 %
                         
Other income and (expense):                        
Interest expense     (116 )     (157 )     (26 %)
Equity investment income     2       2       *  
Total other income and (expense)   $ (114 )   $ (155 )     (26 %)
                         
Production data:                        
Natural gas (Mcf)     539,369       533,080       1 %
Oil (Bbl)     33,863       31,386       8 %
Combined (Mcfe)     742,547       721,396       3 %
                         
Average prices before effects of hedges:                        
Natural gas (per Mcf)   $ 4.49     $ 3.55       26 %
Oil (per Bbl)   $ 95.72     $ 102.86       (7 %)
Combined (per Mcfe)   $ 7.63     $ 7.10       7 %
                         
Average prices after effects of hedges**:                        
Natural gas (per Mcf)   $ 5.18     $ 3.65       42 %
Oil (per Bbl)   $ 105.06     $ 92.70       13 %
Combined (per Mcfe)   $ 8.56     $ 6.73       27 %
                         
Average costs (per Mcfe):                        
Lease operating expenses   $ 1.06     $ 0.92       15 %
Transportation costs   $ 0.61     $ 0.55       11 %
Production and property taxes   $ 0.65     $ 0.51       27 %
Depreciation, depletion and amortization   $ 1.10     $ 1.06       4 %

 

*   Not meaningful or applicable

** Includes realized and unrealized commodity derivative gains and losses.

 

20
 

 

Oil and natural gas revenues - Revenues from sales of oil and natural gas increased to approximately $5.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 from approximately $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, an increase of 11%. This increase was primarily attributed to a 28% increase in natural gas revenues. Natural gas prices in the third quarter of 2014 increased 26% over the third quarter of 2013 and production increased 1%. Oil revenues in the third quarter of 2014 were virtually unchanged as compared to the third quarter in 2013. Oil sales volumes increased 8% over the same period in 2013, but were offset by a 7% decrease in average oil prices from the same period in 2013.

 

Commodity derivative revenue - To achieve more predictable cash flows and to reduce our exposure to downward price fluctuations, we enter into derivative contracts using fixed price swap contracts when our management believes that available futures prices for our oil and natural gas production are sufficient to warrant hedging to ensure predictable cash flows for certain of the Company’s production. Because we do not designate these derivatives as cash flow hedges, they do not receive hedge accounting treatment and all mark-to-markets gains or losses, as well as realized gains or losses on the derivative instruments, are currently recognized in our results of operations. The unrealized gains and losses represent the changes in the fair value of these contracts as oil and natural gas futures prices fluctuate relative to the fixed price we will receive from these contracts. For the three months ended September 30, 2014, we had hedging gains of approximately $689,000 compared to hedging losses of approximately $265,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2013.

 

Lease operating expenses- Lease operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2014 increased 19% compared to the three months ended September 30, 2013. On a per Mcfe basis, lease operating expenses increased from $0.92 per Mcfe for the three months ended September 30, 2013 to $1.06 per Mcfe for the three months ended September 30, 2014 primarily due to increased oil production relative to natural gas. Operating costs for oil producing properties are generally higher than for gas producing properties due to various factors including water disposal, well maintenance and other costs associated with oil producing properties.

 

Transportation costs- Transportation costs for the three months ended September 30, 2014 increased 13% compared to the three months ended September 30, 2013. On a per Mcfe basis, these expenses increased from $0.55 per Mcfe for the three months ended September 30, 2013 to $0.61 per Mcfe for the three months ended September 30, 2014. This increase is primarily due to new transportation contracts entered into during the fourth quarter of 2013.

 

Production and property taxes- Production and property taxes increased from approximately $369,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2013 to approximately $481,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2014. This increase is primarily attributed to increased production taxes as a result of increased natural gas sales revenues and an adjustment of estimated ad valorem tax rates on current year revenues. On a per Mcfe basis, these expenses increased from $0.51 per Mcfe for the three months ended September 30, 2013 to $0.65 per Mcfe for the three months ended September 30, 2014.

 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization (DD&A)- DD&A increased from approximately $767,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2013 to approximately $815,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2014 due to a 4% increase in the Company’s depletion rate and increased oil sales volumes. On a per Mcfe basis, these expenses increased from $1.06 per Mcfe for the three months ended September 30, 2013 to $1.10 per Mcfe for the three months ended September 30, 2014.

 

General and administrative expenses- General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2014 increased 34% over the same period in 2013. The increase is primarily due to an increase in staff related costs, a reclassification of fees to lease operating expense and legal costs related to the potential sale of the Company’s Deep Rights underlying certain oil and gas leases located in Kentucky and West Virginia and stock-based compensation, a non-cash expense, in the third quarter of 2014 as compared to the third quarter of 2013 as shown in the table below.

 

(in thousands)   2014     2013     Increase  
                 
Stock-based compensation   $ 390     $ 325     $ 65  
Other general and administrative expenses     1,308       941       367  
General and administrative expense, net   $ 1,698     $ 1,266     $ 432  

 

21
 

 

Interest expense - Interest expense decreased from approximately $157,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2013 to approximately $116,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2014 primarily due to lower average effective interest rates during the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013 as the Company negotiated the elimination of interest rate floors in its credit agreement in June 2013.

 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013

 

The following discussion and analysis relates to items that have affected our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. The following table sets forth, for the periods presented, selected historical statements of operations data. The information contained in the table below should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto and the information under “ Forward Looking Statements ” below.

 

    Nine Months Ended        
    September  30,     Percent  
(in thousands except production and per unit data)   2014     2013     Change  
Revenue:                  
Oil and natural gas revenues   $ 17,710     $ 13,143       35 %
Commodity derivative loss     (79 )     (190 )     (58 %)
Other income     254       325       (22 %)
Total revenues     17,885       13,278       35 %
                         
Expenses:                        
Lease operating expenses     2,523       1,914       32 %
Transportation costs     1,341       1,162       15 %
Production and property taxes     1,350       965       40 %
General and administrative     4,617       3,760       23 %
Depreciation, depletion and amortization     2,307       2,069       12 %
Accretion of asset retirement obligations     87       103       (16 %)
Total expenses     12,225       9,973       23 %
                         
Operating income   $ 5,660     $ 3,305       71 %
                         
Other income and (expense):                        
Interest expense     (362 )     (470 )     (23 %)
Equity investment income (loss)     7       (77 )     *  
Total other income and (expense)   $ (355 )   $ (547 )     (35 %)
                         
Production data:                        
Natural gas (Mcf)     1,605,907       1,684,203       (5 %)
Oil (Bbl)     99,772       70,781       41 %
Combined (Mcfe)     2,204,539       2,108,889       5 %
                         
Average prices before effects of hedges:                        
Natural gas (per Mcf)   $ 4.96     $ 3.77       32 %
Oil (per Bbl)   $ 97.64     $ 96.02       2 %
Combined (per Mcfe)   $ 8.03     $ 6.23       29 %
                         
Average prices after effects of hedges**:                        
Natural gas (per Mcf)   $ 4.93     $ 3.86       28 %
Oil (per Bbl)   $ 97.42     $ 91.16       7 %
Combined (per Mcfe)   $ 8.00     $ 6.14       30 %
                         
Average costs (per Mcfe):                        
Lease operating expenses   $ 1.14     $ 0.91       25 %
Transportation costs   $ 0.61     $ 0.55       11 %
Production and property taxes   $ 0.61     $ 0.46       33 %
Depreciation, depletion and amortization   $ 1.05     $ 0.98       7 %

  

*   Not meaningful or applicable

** Includes realized and unrealized commodity derivative gains and losses.

 

22
 

 

Oil and natural gas revenues - Revenues from sales of oil and natural gas increased 35% to approximately $17.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 from approximately $13.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. This increase was primarily due to a 43% increase in oil revenues attributed to the Company’s focus on developing its oil properties in the Berea Sandstone formation in the Appalachian Basin. Oil sales volumes and prices in the first nine months of 2014 increased 41% and 2%, respectively, over the first nine months of 2013. Natural gas revenues in the first nine months of 2014 increased 26% over the first nine months in 2013 due to a 32% increase in natural gas prices offset in part by a 5% decrease in natural gas sales volumes.

 

Commodity derivative revenue - To achieve more predictable cash flows and to reduce our exposure to downward price fluctuations, we enter into derivative contracts using fixed price swap contracts when our management believes that available futures prices for our oil and natural gas production are sufficient to warrant hedging to ensure predictable cash flows for certain of the Company’s production. Because we do not designate these derivatives as cash flow hedges, they do not receive hedge accounting treatment and all mark-to-markets gains or losses, as well as realized gains or losses on the derivative instruments, are currently recognized in our results of operations. The unrealized gains and losses represent the changes in the fair value of these contracts as oil and natural gas futures prices fluctuate relative to the fixed price we will receive from these contracts. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, we had hedging losses of approximately $79,000 compared to hedging losses of approximately $190,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.

 

Lease operating expenses- Lease operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 increased 32% in the first nine months of 2014 compared to the first nine months of 2013. On a per Mcfe basis, lease operating expenses increased from $0.91 per Mcfe for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $1.14 per Mcfe for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 primarily due to increased oil production relative to natural gas. Operating costs for oil producing properties are generally higher than for gas producing properties due to various factors including water disposal, well maintenance and other costs associated with oil producing properties. For the first nine months of 2014, the Company incurred additional lease operating expenses for lease maintenance associated with winter damage and costs associated with bringing new wells on production.

 

Transportation costs- Transportation costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 increased 15% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013. On a per Mcfe basis, these expenses increased from $0.55 per Mcfe for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $0.61 per Mcfe for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. This increase is primarily due to new transportation contracts entered into during the fourth quarter of 2013.

 

Production and property taxes- Production and property taxes increased from approximately $965,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to approximately $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. This increase is primarily attributed to increased production taxes as a result of increased oil and natural gas sales revenues. On a per Mcfe basis, these expenses increased from $0.46 per Mcfe for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $0.61 per Mcfe for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization (DD&A)- DD&A increased from approximately $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to approximately $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 due to a 6% increase in the Company’s depletion rate and increased oil sales volumes. On a per Mcfe basis, these expenses increased from $0.98 per Mcfe for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $1.05 per Mcfe for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

 

General and administrative expenses- General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 increased $857,000 or 23%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The increase is primarily due to an increase in staff expenditures, legal costs related to the potential sale of the Company’s Deep Rights underlying certain oil and gas leases located in Kentucky and West Virginia and stock-based compensation, a non-cash expense as shown in the table below

 

(in thousands)   2014     2013     Increase  
                 
Stock-based compensation   $ 1,101     $ 641     $ 460  
Other general and administrative expenses     3,516       3,119       397  
General and administrative expense, net   $ 4,617     $ 3,760     $ 857  

 

23
 

 

Interest expense - Interest expense decreased from approximately $470,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to approximately $362,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 primarily due to lower average effective interest rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013 as the Company negotiated the elimination of interest rate floors in its credit agreement in June 2013.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Our exploration, development, and acquisition activities require us to make operating and capital expenditures. Historically, we have used cash flow from operations and our bank credit facility as our primary sources of liquidity, and, as market conditions have permitted, we have engaged in asset monetization transactions.

 

Changes in the market prices for oil and natural gas directly impact our level of cash flow generated from operations. We employ a commodity hedging strategy in an attempt to moderate the effects of fluctuations in commodity prices on our cash flow. As of September 30, 2014, we have outstanding natural gas hedges of 250,000 MMBtu for the remainder of 2014 at an average price of $4.16 per MMBtu, 750,000 MMBtu for 2015 at an average price of $4.05 per MMBtu and 40,000 MMBtu for 2016 at an average price of $4.20 per MMBtu in addition to oil hedges of 12,000 barrels for the remainder of 2014 at an average price of $93.79 per barrel and 10,000 barrels for 2015 at an average price of $94.66 per barrel. This level of hedging will provide a measure of certainty of the cash flow that we will receive for a portion of our production in 2014 through 2016. However, future hedging activities may result in reduced income or even financial losses to us. See Risk Factors— The use of derivative instruments used in hedging arrangements could result in financial losses or reduce income ,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details of the risks associated with our hedging activities. In the future, we may determine to increase or decrease our hedging positions. As of September 30, 2014, our derivative counterparty, or its affiliates, was party to our credit facility.

 

The other primary source of liquidity is our credit facility (described below), which had an aggregate borrowing base of $20.0 million of which approximately $6.1 million was available as of September 30, 2014. This facility is used to fund operations, capital programs and acquisitions and to refinance debt, as needed and if available. The credit facility is secured by substantially all of our assets and matures in May 2017. See —“ Bank Credit Facility ” below for further details. We had approximately $13.9 million drawn on our credit facility as of September 30, 2014.

 

In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Participation Agreement between Liberty and the Company entered into on February 25, 2014, Liberty paid Nytis LLC approximately $2.8 million for a 40% interest in the covered leases and will pay a disproportionate percentage of the costs associated with drilling and completing 20 wells on the covered leases. Following the drilling of these 20 wells, Nytis LLC and Liberty will pay their respective costs on a basis proportionate to their working interest. As of September 30, 2014, Liberty has participated in four wells, three of which were drilled on a promoted basis, pursuant to this agreement.

 

On October 15, 2014, the Company, together with Liberty, (the Sellers”) entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “PSA”) for the sale of a portion of the Company’s interest in rights below the base of the Clinton Formation (the “Deep Rights”) underlying certain oil and gas leases located in Kentucky and West Virginia.

 

The closing of the PSA transaction is subject to due diligence by the buyer. The PSA contains customary representations, warranties and covenants by the parties. The PSA may be terminated by the Sellers or the buyer: (i) if the downward adjustments to the Purchase Price attributable to title defects or adverse environmental conditions exceed certain thresholds; (ii) if the representations and warranties by either party fail to be materially correct at closing; or (iii) if either party fails to perform or satisfy covenants required for closing. The PSA provides for a closing date no later than 60 days from the date of the PSA. In consideration of the conveyance of the Deep Rights, at closing, the Company’s share of the cash proceeds from the sale will be approximately $12 million.

 

Our ability to access the debt and equity capital markets on economical terms is affected by general economic conditions, the domestic and global financial markets, our operational and financial performance, the value of our equity securities, prevailing commodity prices, and other macroeconomic factors outside of our control.

 

24
 

 

We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, expected future cash flows provided by operating activities, the $6.1 million of funds available under our credit facility at September 30, 2014, the additional liquidity provided under the terms of the Participation Agreement with Liberty and the proceeds from the sale of the Company's Deep Rights, if the transaction closes, will be sufficient to fund our normal recurring operating needs, anticipated capital expenditures (other than the potential acquisition of additional oil and natural gas properties), and our contractual obligations. However, if our revenue and cash flow decrease in the future as a result of deterioration in domestic and global economic conditions or a significant decline in commodity prices, we may elect to reduce our planned capital expenditures. We believe that this financial flexibility to adjust our spending levels will provide us with sufficient liquidity to meet our financial obligations should economic conditions deteriorate. See “Risk Factors ,” in our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K with the SEC for a discussion of the risks and uncertainties that affect our business and financial and operating results.

 

Bank Credit Facility

 

Nytis LLC has a bank credit facility which consists of a $50.0 million credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with Bank of Oklahoma. The Credit Facility will mature in May 2017 and is guaranteed by Nytis USA and Carbon. Our availability under the Credit Facility is governed by a borrowing base (the “Borrowing Base”), which at September 30, 2014 was $20.0 million. The determination of the Borrowing Base is made by the lender in its sole discretion, on a semi-annual basis, taking into consideration the estimated value of our oil and natural gas properties in accordance with the lender’s customary practices for oil and natural gas loans. The available borrowing amount under the Credit Facility could increase or decrease based on such redetermination. The next redetermination of the Borrowing Base is expected to occur in November 2014. In addition to the semi-annual redeterminations, Nytis LLC and the lender each have discretion at any time, but not more often than once during a calendar year, to have the Borrowing Base redetermined.

 

A lowering of the Borrowing Base could require us to repay indebtedness in excess of the Borrowing Base in order to cover the deficiency.

 

The facility has variable interest rates based upon the ratio of outstanding debt to the borrowing base. Interest rates are based on either an Alternate Base Rate or LIBOR. The portion of the loan based on an “Alternate Base Rate” is determined by the rate per annum equal to 1.5% plus the greatest of the following: (a) the Federal Funds Rate for such day plus one-half of one percentage point, (b) the Prime Rate for such day or (c) LIBOR for a one-month LIBOR Interest Period plus one percentage point. The portion based on LIBOR is determined by the rate per annum equal to LIBOR plus between 2.5% and 3.25% for each LIBOR tranche.

 

The Credit Facility includes terms that place limitations on certain types of activities, including restrictions or requirements with respect to additional debt, liens, asset sales, hedging activities, investments, dividends, mergers, and acquisitions, and requires satisfaction of a current ratio (the ratio of current assets (including borrowing base capacity) to current liabilities) of 1.0 to 1.0 and a maximum funded debt ratio (the ratio of the outstanding balance of all interest bearing indebtedness to the sum of EBITDAX (net income plus interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, exploration and impairment expenses and other non-cash charges)) of 4.25 to 1.0, for the most recently completed fiscal quarter times four. If we were to fail to perform our obligations under these covenants or other covenants and obligations, it could cause an event of default and the Credit Facility could be terminated and amounts outstanding could be declared immediately due and payable by the lenders, subject to notice and, in certain cases, cure periods. Such events of default include non-payment, breach of warranty, non-performance of financial covenants, default on other indebtedness, certain adverse judgments, change of control, and a failure of the liens securing the Credit Facility. In addition, bankruptcy and insolvency events with respect to Nytis LLC or certain of its subsidiaries will result in an automatic acceleration of the indebtedness under the Credit Facility.

 

Of the $50.0 million total nominal amount under the Credit Facility, Bank of Oklahoma holds 100% of the total commitments. As of September 30, 2014 there was approximately $13.9 million in borrowings under the Credit Facility. The Company’s effective borrowing rate at September 30, 2014 was approximately 3.0%.

 

In addition, the Credit Facility includes a hedging component that provides a line of credit under commodity swap, exchange, collar, cap and fixed price agreements and agreements designated to protect the Company against changes in interest and currency exchange rates. The maximum amount of credit on this line is $9.5 million.

 

25
 

 

Historical Cash Flow

 

Net cash provided by or (used in) operating, investing and financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

    Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,  
(in thousands)   2014     2013  
             
Net cash provided by operating activities   $ 8,866     $ 5,098  
Net cash used in investing activities   $ (6,025 )   $ (6,050 )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities   $ (2,570 )   $ 1,801  

 

Net cash provided by operating activities is primarily affected by production volumes and commodity prices, net of the effects of settlements of our derivative contracts, and changes in working capital. The increase in operating cash flows of approximately $3.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was primarily due to increased operating income attributed to a 41% increase in oil sales volumes and a 26% increase in natural gas revenues.

 

Net cash used in investing activities decreased by approximately $25,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013. This decrease is attributed to $2.8 million received from the sale of oil and gas properties relating to the Participation Agreement with Liberty offset by an increase in capital expenditures of approximately $2.7 million and other long-term asset expenditures.

 

Financing cash flows decreased by approximately $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013 principally due to a purchase of approximately 8.2 million shares of the Company’s common stock for approximately $3.4 million, a decrease in proceeds, net of repayments, from our line of credit and an increase in distributions to non-controlling interests due to increased gas revenues.

 

Capital Expenditures

 

Capital expenditures incurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 are summarized in the following table:

 

    Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
(in thousands)   2014     2013  
             
Acquisition of oil and gas properties:                
Unevaluated properties   $ 1,502     $ 836  
Proved producing properties     99       563  
                 
Drilling and development     7,077       4,598  
Other     177       143  
Total capital expenditures   $ 8,855     $ 6,140  

 

Due to the higher rate of return on invested capital on oil wells versus natural gas wells, the Company’s capital expenditure program has, since 2012, focused principally on the development of its oil prospects. In addition, we manage our capital expenditures by keeping our exploration and development capital spending near our cash flows which the Company can manage as it controls and operates substantially all the wells in which it has an interest. We were able to expand our oil drilling program in 2014 and 2013 by entering into two separate drilling programs with Liberty, one in 2012 and the other in 2014, in which Liberty has or will pay a disproportionate percentage of costs associated with the drilling and completion of 20 wells in each of the drilling programs. Other factors impacting the level of our capital expenditures include oil and natural gas prices, the volatility in these prices, the cost and availability of oil field services, general economic and market conditions, and weather disruptions.

 

26
 

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

From time-to-time, we enter into off-balance sheet arrangements and transactions that can give rise to off-balance sheet obligations. As of September 30, 2014, the off-balance sheet arrangements and transactions that we have entered into include (i) operating lease agreements and (ii) contractual obligations for which the ultimate settlement amounts are not fixed and determinable, such as natural gas transportation commitments and (iii) oil and gas physical delivery contracts that are not expected to be net cash settled and are considered to be normal sales contracts and not derivatives. We do not believe that any of these arrangements are reasonably likely to materially affect our liquidity or availability of, or requirements for, capital resources.

 

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures

 

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

 

“EBITDA” and “Adjusted EBITDA” are non-GAAP financial measures. We define EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest expense, taxes, depreciation, depletion and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA prior to accretion of asset retirement obligations, ceiling test write downs of oil and gas properties and the gain or loss on sold investments or properties. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is consolidated including non-controlling interests and as used and defined by us, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies and are not measures of performance calculated in accordance with GAAP. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for operating income, net income or loss, cash flows provided by or used in operating, investing and financing activities, or other income or cash flow statement data prepared in accordance with GAAP. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provide no information regarding a company’s capital structure, borrowings, interest costs, capital expenditures, and working capital movement or tax position. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not represent funds available for discretionary use because those funds are required for debt service, capital expenditures, working capital, income taxes, franchise taxes, exploration expenses, and other commitments and obligations. However, our management believes EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are useful to an investor in evaluating our operating performance because these measures:

 

· are widely used by investors in the oil and natural gas industry to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items excluded from the calculation of such term, which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon accounting methods and book value of assets, capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired, among other factors; and
· help investors to more meaningfully evaluate and compare the results of our operations from period to period by removing the effect of our capital structure from our operating structure; and are used by our management for various purposes, including as a measure of operating performance, in presentations to our board of directors, as a basis for strategic planning and forecasting and by our lenders pursuant to a covenant under our credit facility.

There are significant limitations to using EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as a measure of performance, including the inability to analyze the effect of certain recurring and non-recurring items that materially affect our net income or loss, the lack of comparability of results of operations of different companies and the different methods of calculating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA reported by different companies.

 

27
 

  

The following table represents a reconciliation of our net earnings, the most directly comparable GAAP measure to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.

 

    Three Months Ended  
    September 30,  
(in thousands)   2014     2013  
             
Net income   $ 2,062     $ 1,294  
                 
Adjustments:                
Interest expense     116       157  
Depreciation, depletion and amortization     815       767  
EBITDA     2,993       2,218  
                 
Adjusted EBITDA                
EBITDA     2,993       2,218  
Adjustments:                
Accretion of asset retirement obligations     29       36  
   Adjusted EBITDA   $ 3,022     $ 2,254  

 

    Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,  
(in thousands)   2014     2013  
       
Net income   $ 5,305     $ 2,758  
                 
Adjustments:                
Interest expense     362       470  
Depreciation, depletion and amortization     2,307       2,069  
EBITDA     7,974       5,297  
                 
Adjusted EBITDA                
EBITDA     7,974       5,297  
Adjustments:                
Accretion of asset retirement obligations     87       103  
   Adjusted EBITDA   $ 8,061     $ 5,400  

 

Forward Looking Statements

 

The information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are statements other than statements of historical or present facts, that address activities, events, outcomes, and other matters that the Company plans, expects, intends, assumes, believes, budgets, predicts, forecasts, projects, estimates, or anticipates (and other similar expressions) will, should, or may occur in the future. Generally, the words "expects," "anticipates," "targets," "goals," "projects," "intends," "plans," "believes," "seeks," "estimates," "may," "will," "could," "should," "future," "potential," "continue," variations of such words, and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions about future events and are based on currently available information as to the outcome and timing of future events.

 

These forward-looking statements appear in a number of places in this report and include statements with respect to, among other things:

 

estimates of our oil and natural gas reserves;

 

estimates of our future oil and natural gas production, including estimates of any increases or decreases in our production;

 

our future financial condition and results of operations;

 

our future revenues, cash flows, and expenses;

 

our access to capital and our anticipated liquidity;

 

28
 

 

our future business strategy and other plans and objectives for future operations;

 

our outlook on oil and natural gas prices;

 

the amount, nature, and timing of future capital expenditures, including future development costs;

 

our ability to access the capital markets to fund capital and other expenditures;

 

our assessment of our counterparty risk and the ability of our counterparties to perform their future obligations; and

 

the impact of federal, state, and local political, regulatory, and environmental developments in the United States.

 

We believe the expectations and forecasts reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, but we can give no assurance that they will prove to be correct. We caution you that these forward-looking statements can be affected by inaccurate assumptions and are subject to all of the risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control, incident to the exploration for and development, production, and sale of oil and natural gas. When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements described under the heading " Risk Factors " included or incorporated in our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K with the SEC.

Should one or more of the risks or uncertainties described above or elsewhere in this Form 10-Q occur, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results and plans could differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements.

We caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to update this information to reflect events or circumstances after the filing of this report with the SEC, except as required by law. All forward-looking statements, expressed or implied, included in this Form 10-Q and attributable to the Company are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. This cautionary statement should also be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we may make or persons acting on our behalf may issue.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information related to the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries is made known to the officers who certify the Company's financial reports and the Board of Directors.

 

As required by Rule 13a - 15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended (the "Exchange Act"), we have evaluated under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a - 15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of September 30, 2014. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file under the Exchange Act with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, as appropriate, to allow such persons to make timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

 

Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our current disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2014 at the reasonable assurance level.

 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

There has not been any change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our quarterly period ended September 30, 2014 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

 

The Company is subject to legal claims and proceedings in the ordinary course of its oil and natural gas exploration and development business.  Management believes that none of the current pending proceedings would have a material adverse effect on the Company, should the matters be resolved against the Company.

 

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

 

All sales of unregistered equity securities that occurred during the period covered by this report, and through September 30, 2014, have been previously reported in a quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

 

ITEM 5. Other Information

 

The Company has reviewed its previously filed exhibits and determined that certain exhibits should have been filed as Exhibit No. 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 in its previously filed reports. Therefore, the Company is refiling these exhibits in this Form 10-Q to correctly categorize them as agreements involving the sale or disposition of assets. The sale of the assets described in these exhibits is not related to the Company’s core business of exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas properties.

 

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ITEM 6. Exhibits

 

Exhibit No.   Description
     
2.2*^   Participation Agreement by and between the Company, Nytis Exploration Company LLC and Liberty Energy LLC, dated September 17, 2012.
2.3*^   Participation Agreement by and between the Company, Nytis Exploration Company LLC and Liberty Energy LLC, dated February 25, 2014.
2.4*^   Addendum to Participation Agreement by and between the Company, Nytis Exploration Company LLC and Liberty Energy LLC, dated February 26, 2014.
3(i)(a)   Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Carbon Natural Gas Company incorporated by reference to exhibit 3(i) to Form 8-K for Carbon Natural Gas Company filed on May 5, 2011.
3(i)(b)   Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation with respect to Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of Carbon Natural Gas Company, incorporated by reference to exhibit 3(i) to Form 8-K for Carbon Natural Gas Company filed July 6, 2011.
3(i)(c)   Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of Carbon Natural Gas Company, incorporated by reference to exhibit 3(i) to Form 8-K for Carbon Natural Gas Company filed on July 19, 2011.
3(ii)   Amended and Restated Bylaws of St. Lawrence Seaway Corporation, incorporated by reference to exhibit 3(ii) to Form 8-K/A for St. Lawrence Seaway Corporation filed on March 31, 2011.
31.1*   Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) / Rule 15d-15(e).
31.2*   Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) / Rule 15(e)/15d-15(e).
32.1†   Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2†   Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101*   Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T.

 


 

* Filed herewith
^ The Company agrees to furnish supplementally to the Securities and Exchange Commission a copy of any omitted schedule and exhibits upon request.
Not considered to be "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section

 

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

    CARBON NATURAL GAS COMPANY
    (Registrant)
     
Date: November 14, 2014   By: /s/ Patrick R. McDonald
      PATRICK R. MCDONALD,
      Chief Executive Officer
       
Date: November 14, 2014   By: /s/ Kevin D. Struzeski
      KEVIN D. STRUZESKI
      Chief Financial Officer

 

 

 

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Exhibit 2.2
   
PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT
 
BEREA SANDSTONE PROGRAM
 
BOYD, CARTER, GREENUP AND LAWRENCE COUNTIES, KENTUCKY
 
This Participation Agreement (“ Agreement ”) is entered into as of September 17, 2012 (the “ Effective Date ”), by and among NYTIS EXPLORATION COMPANY LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ Nytis ”), CARBON NATURAL GAS COMPANY, a
 
Delaware corporation (“ Carbon ”) (for purposes of Article X only), and LIBERTY ENERGY, LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability company (“ Liberty ”).
 
RECITALS
 
WHEREAS, Nytis has leased, or obtained leases of, certain oil and gas interests in the Contract Area (as defined below) covering approximately 26,000 net mineral acres (the “ Berea Sandstone Program ”);
 
WHEREAS,  Liberty desires to participate in the development of the Berea Sandstone Program by paying a portion of the costs incurred by Nytis (subject to the provisions of Section 3.2 below) associated with the drilling, completion and equipping of oil and gas wells in the Berea Sandstone Geologic Interval (collectively, the “ Wells ”) in exchange for forty percent (40%) of Nytis’ undivided working interest in the leases underlying the oil and gas interests which constitute the Berea Sandstone Program (the “ Liberty Working Interest ”), which leases are more particularly described on Exhibit A attached hereto and incorporated herein (the “ Leases ”); and
 
WHEREAS, Liberty, as consideration for the right to participate in the development of the Berea Sandstone Program and other rights set forth herein, has agreed to carry a portion of Nytis’ costs in the Wells as set forth herein.
 
NOW, THEREFORE, for a good and valuable consideration, it is agreed between the parties as follows:
 
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
 
1.1       In addition to definitions set forth elsewhere herein, the following definitions shall apply in this Agreement:
 
AFE ” means an authorization for expenditure representing an estimate of work to be performed for a specific drilling, completion or other operation.
 
Approved Spacing Unit ” means the unit described in the as-built plat that is used for division order purposes and submitted to the Kentucky Division of Oil and Gas.
 
 
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Berea Sandstone Geologic Interval ” means the geologic interval below the Sunbury Shale and above the Devonian Shale as located in Brice Shepherd #1 from 1007 feet to 1162 feet.
 
Contract Area ” means the area extending one mile beyond the boundaries of the Leases in Boyd, Carter, Greenup and Lawrence Counties, Kentucky, a general outline of which is attached for illustrative purposes only on Exhibit B attached hereto.
 
Drilling and Completion Activities ” means all activities and operations carried out by or on behalf of the parties related to the Wells and under the terms and conditions of this Agreement, including, but not limited to, drilling, sidetracking, well control, acquisition, transportation and installation of tubular goods, materials and equipment; surveying, constructing roads and surface location.
 
Drilling and Completion Costs ” means all costs incurred in connection with Drilling and Completion Activities, all of which will be determined, and billed to the parties participating in such activities, pursuant to the Operating Agreement.
 
Horizontal Well ” means a well permitted and spudded with the intent to drill with at least 1500 feet of horizontal displacement from the surface location.  If at any time the parties mutually agree to drill a well not intended to have significant horizontal displacement under this Agreement, that well shall be counted as 1/3 of a Horizontal Well for the purpose of this Agreement.
 
Operating Agreement ” means the Operating Agreement in substantially the form of that attached hereto as Exhibit C , together with the COPAS Accounting Procedure annexed thereto, and together with all Exhibits thereto.
 
Operator ” means Nytis or its assigns.
 
Proportionately Reduced ” means the pro rata reduction of the amount to be paid by Liberty and/or Nytis, as the case may be, with respect to any Well and/or Lease in which Liberty and Nytis do not collectively own a 100% working interest, based on the actual working interest owned by Liberty and Nytis, collectively, in such Well and/or Lease.
 
1.2       The following Exhibits are attached to and made a part of this Agreement:
 
Exhibit “A”     Description of Leases
Exhibit “B”     General Outline of Contract Area
Exhibit “C”     Operating Agreement
Exhibit “D”     Form of Well AFEs
Exhibit “E”      Form of Assignment
Exhibit “F”      Existing Wells
 
 
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ARTICLE II
DRILLING COMMITMENT; SUBSEQUENT ACTIVITIES
 
2.1        Carry Wells .
 
(a)       Liberty shall commit to drill, complete and equip ten (10) Horizontal Wells targeting the Berea Sandstone Geologic Interval (the “ Drilling Commitment Carry Wells ”) as proposed and operated by Nytis on the lands in the Berea Sandstone Program.  Nytis shall use its best efforts to spud the first Drilling Commitment Carry Well on or before the date which is thirty (30) days following the Closing, and shall drill such Drilling Commitment Carry Well in accordance with an AFE  in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D .
 
(b)       Upon completion of the Drilling Commitment Carry Wells, Liberty may elect, in accordance with the procedure provided below in this Section 2.1(b) , to participate in two (2) additional groups of Horizontal Wells, each group consisting of five (5) Horizontal Wells, targeting the Berea Sandstone Geologic Interval as proposed and operated by Nytis in the Berea Sandstone Program in accordance with the terms of the Operating Agreement (the “ Uncommitted Carry Wells ”, and together with the Drilling Commitment Carry Wells, the “ Carry Wells ”).  Upon completion of the Drilling Commitment Carry Wells, Nytis shall deliver to Liberty a proposal for the drilling, completion and equipping of the first group of five (5) Uncommitted Carry Wells (the “ Initial Uncommitted Carry Wells ”).  Liberty shall have ten (10) days to provide Nytis written notice of its election to participate in the Initial Uncommitted Carry Wells.  In the event that Liberty elects to participate in the Initial Uncommitted Carry Wells, upon completion of the Initial Uncommitted Carry Wells, Nytis shall deliver to Liberty a proposal for the drilling, completion and equipping of the second group of five (5) Uncommitted Carry Wells (the “ Remaining Uncommitted Carry Wells ”).  Liberty shall have ten (10) days to provide Nytis written notice of its election to participate in the Remaining Uncommitted Carry Wells.  In the event that Liberty fails to provide notice to Nytis of its election to participate in the Initial Uncommitted Carry Wells or Remaining Uncommitted Carry Wells within the respective ten (10) day periods, such failure shall be deemed a consent by Liberty to such participation and constitute Liberty’s election to participate in the Initial Committed Carry Wells or Remaining Uncommitted Carry Wells, as applicable.
 
(c)       The parties shall bear the costs for the Carry Wells in accordance with Section 3.1(b)(i) .
 
2.2       Subsequent Activities .  Upon completion of the Carry Wells, the parties may proceed to drill additional Horizontal Wells on the Berea Sandstone Program in accordance with the terms of the Operating Agreement on a heads up basis: Nytis 60% and Liberty 40%, each Proportionately Reduced.
 
2.3       Non-Consent Penalty .  In the event that Liberty elects not to participate in either the Initial Uncommitted Carry Wells or the Remaining Uncommitted Carry Wells as contemplated by Section 2.1(b) , Liberty’s rights to further participation in the Berea Sandstone Program shall terminate and Liberty shall promptly re-assign to Nytis, without further consideration, the identical leasehold and net revenue interest assigned to Liberty pursuant to Section 3.1 using the form of Assignment (as defined below); provided, however, that Liberty shall retain its rights and interest in any Approved Spacing Unit surrounding each Carry Well in which Liberty has previously participated.If Liberty participates in all of the Carry Wells, Liberty shall have earned the Liberty Working Interest and shall not be subject to any further re-assignment obligations.
 
 
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2.4       Drilling and Completion .  All Wells shall be Drilled and Completed in accordance with the terms of the Operating Agreement.  Prior to spudding each Well subject to this Agreement, Nytis shall deliver an authority for expenditure, in the form as set forth on Exhibit D attached hereto (each a “ Well AFE ”), setting forth drilling, completion and surface equipment costs for such Well.  It is understood and agreed that the Well AFEs represent an estimate of the costs of drilling and completing the Wells, but final billing will be based on actual costs incurred.  Billings will be charged pursuant to the Operating Agreement unless otherwise set forth herein.  In connection with any Well AFE, Nytis agrees promptly to provide any additional information regarding the Well which is reasonably requested by Liberty.  The location of each Well shall be determined by the Operator in its sole discretion.  Unless otherwise consented to in writing by Liberty, Nytis shall drill each Well as a Horizontal Well running through the Berea Sandstone Geologic Interval.  Nytis shall complete, equip and produce, or plug and abandon each of the Wells, with due diligence and reasonable dispatch in accordance with applicable laws and the Operating Agreement.
 
ARTICLE III
PURCHASE OF WORKING INTEREST; ASSIGNMENT
 
3.1       Purchase of Working Interest .
 
(a)       Upfront Payment.
 
(i)       Upon execution of this Agreement, Liberty will pay to Nytis an amount equal to $350.00 per net mineral acre for forty percent (40%) of Nytis’ undivided working interest in the Berea Sandstone Program, which amount is $3,655,552.60 (the “ Initial Payment ”).  The Initial Payment shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated by Nytis no later than two Business Days prior to Closing.
 
(ii)       In exchange for the Initial Payment at the Closing, Nytis shall make at Closing the assignments to Liberty set forth in Section 3.4 and grant Liberty the right to participate for a forty percent (40%) working interest in the drilling, development and production of oil and gas from the Leases in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement.
 
(b)       Subject to the limitation set forth in Section 3.2 below and in accordance with the payment terms of the applicable Operating Agreement, unless otherwise set forth herein, Liberty agrees to be responsible for and pay the Drilling and Completion Costs of the Wells as follows:
 
 
4

 
 
(i)       With respect to the twenty (20) Carry Wells, Liberty shall bear eighty percent (80%), Proportionately Reduced, of the Drilling and Completion Costs for such Wells (the “ Carry Costs ”).
 
(ii)      In the event that Liberty elects to drill any Wells subsequent to the completion of the Carry Wells, Liberty shall bear forty percent (40%), Proportionately Reduced, of the Drilling and Completion Costs for such Wells.
 
3.2       Well Costs Cap .
 
(a)       Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, if the Drilling and Completion Costs (or plugging and abandoning, if not completed):
 
(i)       associated with any particular Carry Well to be drilled pursuant to Section 2.1 above exceed Six Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($650,000.00) (the “ Single Well Cost Cap ”), Liberty only shall be required to pay forty percent (40%), Proportionately Reduced, of Drilling and Completion Costs in excess of the Single Well Cost Cap for such Carry Well, and Nytis shall be required to pay sixty percent (60%), Proportionately Reduced, of Drilling and Completion Costs in excess of the Single Well Cost Cap for such Carry Well; or
 
(ii)       associated with all Carry Wells to be drilled pursuant to Section 2.1 above exceed Twelve Million Dollars ($12,000,000.00) in the aggregate (the “ Aggregate Well Cost Cap ”), Liberty only shall be required to pay forty percent (40%), Proportionately Reduced, of Drilling and Completion Costs in excess of the Aggregate Well Cost Cap for the Carry Wells, and Nytis shall be required to pay sixty percent (60%), Proportionately Reduced, of Drilling and Completion Costs in excess of the Aggregate Well Cost Cap for the Carry Wells.
 
(b)       Nytis shall use its reasonable best efforts to obtain competitive, market standard rates and costs with respect to the Drilling and Completion Costs.
 
3.3       Spud Fee .  In addition to the amounts Liberty is required to pay pursuant to Section 3.1 , Liberty shall pay to Nytis a spud fee for each Well drilled pursuant to this Agreement equal to $10,000.00, proportionately reduced to Nytis’ initial working interest in such Well (the “ Spud Fee ”).  The Spud Fee shall be paid by wire transfer of immediately available funds in accordance with the invoicing provisions set forth in Section 4.2 .
 
3.4       Assignment .  Simultaneously with Liberty’s payment of the Initial Payment, Nytis shall deliver to Liberty a recordable assignment, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit E (the “ Assignment ”), assigning Liberty forty percent (40%) of all of Nytis’ undivided right, title and interest in and to the Leases.  Each and every Assignment contemplated herein shall be made with a warranty of title, by, through and under Nytis, but not otherwise, and such assignment(s) shall be subject to the terms contained in this Agreement and the applicable operating agreements and/or pooling orders, if any.  Liberty agrees that if it elects not to participate in either the Initial Uncommitted Carry Wells or the Remaining Uncommitted Carry Wells as contemplated by Section 2.1(b) , Liberty shall promptly re-assign to Nytis, without further consideration, the identical leasehold and net revenue interest assigned to Liberty pursuant to Section 3.1 using the form of Assignment; provided, however, that Liberty shall retain its rights and interest in any Approved Spacing Unit surrounding a Carry Well in which Liberty has previously participated.
 
 
5

 
 
3.5       Overriding Royalty .  The parties acknowledge that all Assignments shall include a reservation by Nytis of a two percent (2%) overriding royalty interest on all Leases.
 
3.6       Existing Wells .  Nytis shall retain the wellbores and Approved Spacing Units of all existing Wells spudded prior to the Effective Date in the Contract Area, all of which are identified on Exhibit F attached hereto (the “ Existing Wells ”), the production therefrom, and all equipment and facilities exclusively associated therewith.  Nytis will assume all liabilities associated therewith and indemnify Liberty therefrom.
 
3.7       Accelerated Payment of Carry Costs . Liberty shall have the option, and Nytis hereby grants Liberty the option, to accelerate its payment of the Carry Costs and secure its full Liberty Working Interest in the Berea Sandstone Program (the “ Acceleration Option ”) if Nytis elects to sell the majority of its working interests in the Berea Sandstone Program to a third party at any point before Liberty has paid Carry Costs equal to the Aggregate Wells Costs Cap.  If Liberty elects to exercise the Acceleration Option, then Liberty shall immediately pay to Nytis an amount equal to the Aggregate Well Costs Cap minus any Carry Costs actually paid by Liberty as of the date of Liberty’s exercise of the Acceleration Option (the “ Accelerated Amount ”).  Upon Liberty’s payment of the Accelerated Amount, Liberty (i) shall have satisfied its obligation to pay the Carry Costs in its entirety, and shall have no further obligation to Nytis or any third party that acquires an interest in the Berea Sandstone Program for any Carry Costs, (ii) shall own the Liberty Working Interest in the Berea Sandstone Program and neither Nytis nor any third party shall not be entitled to any re-assignment of the same.
 
ARTICLE IV
OPERATOR
 
4.1       Operating Agreement .  Nytis shall be the Operator under the Operating Agreement and in such capacity shall carry out or cause to be carried out all Drilling and Completion Activities as well as all other operations covered by the Operating Agreement; provided , however , that Nytis shall be permitted to assign its obligations as Operator in accordance with the Operating Agreement.  Additionally, it is understood that Nytis may engage a legitimate third party contract operator, which is mutually acceptable to the parties hereto, to consummate the actual Drilling and Completion Activities to be conducted on each designated prospect.
 
4.2       Invoicing .  Notwithstanding the payment terms of any Operating Agreement to the contrary, as to any Well proposed by Nytis under any Operating Agreement, Nytis shall invoice Liberty twenty (20) days prior to the estimated spud date for such Well for Liberty’s estimated share of Drilling and Completion Costs on each such Well.  Such invoices will be due and payable by Liberty within twenty (20) days of receipt of such invoice.
 
 
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ARTICLE V
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
 
5.1       Mutual Representations and Warranties .  Each party, with respect to itself only, hereby represents and warrants to the other party the following:
 
(a)       Each party is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the applicable laws of the State of its formation, and is qualified to do business and is in good standing in every other jurisdiction where the failure to so qualify would have a material adverse effect on its ability to execute, deliver and perform this Agreement and the other agreements contemplated herein.
 
(b)       Each party has all requisite power and authority to (i) own, lease or operate its assets and properties and to carry on the business as now conducted, and (ii) enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement and to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby.
 
(c)       Each party has taken (or caused to be taken) all acts and other proceedings required to be taken by such party to authorize the execution, delivery and performance by such party of this Agreement and the other agreements contemplated herein.  This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by each party and constitutes the valid and binding obligation of each party, enforceable against such party in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, moratorium, reorganization or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally and by principles of equity, whether considered in a proceeding at law or in equity.  The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by each party does not and will not (i) conflict with, or result in any violation of or constitute a breach or default (with notice or lapse of time, or both) under (A) any provision of the organizational documents of such party, or (B) any applicable statute, law, rule, regulation, order,  agreement, instrument or license applicable to such party, except as would not have a material adverse effect, or (ii) except as provided on Schedule 5.1(c) attached hereto, require the submission of any notice, report, consent or other filing with or from any governmental authority or third persons.
 
(d)       There are no actions, suits or proceedings pending or, to such party’s knowledge, threatened against a party which if decided unfavorably to such party could have a material adverse effect on the ability of such party to execute, deliver or perform this Agreement.
 
(e)       No party has incurred any obligation or liability, contingent or otherwise, for any fee payable to a broker or finder with respect to the matters provided for in this Agreement or the other agreements contemplated herein which could be attributable to or charged to the other party.  Each party shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the other party from any claims, damages, liabilities, costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees in the event the prior sentence should be or become untrue as to such party.
 
 
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5.2       Nytis Representations and Warranties .  Nytis hereby represents and warrants as follows:
 
(a)       There are no bankruptcy, reorganization or rearrangement proceedings pending, being contemplated by or to its knowledge threatened against it.
 
(b)       None of the lands underlying the Leases which will be assigned to Liberty will be subject to liens burdening Liberty’s interest therein, including but not limited to any liens in favor of The Bank of Oklahoma (“ BOK ”), as lender, pursuant to that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated May 31, 2010, by and between Nytis and BOK.  There are no calls on production or contracts for sale of production encumbering the Leases which provide for the delivery of hydrocarbons at a price below the prevailing market price.
 
(c)       All Leases are in full force and effect and are legal, valid and binding obligations of the parties thereto, their respective successors and assigns.  Operations with respect to the Wells are in material compliance with applicable rules, regulations, statutes, and laws of any applicable governmental authority.  To the best of Nytis’ knowledge and belief, after appropriate inquiry, Nytis is not in breach or default under the terms of any of the Leases which may result in material impairment or loss of title to any material part of the Leases taken as a whole or the value thereof taken as a whole or which might materially hinder or impede the operation of the Leases as a whole.
 
(d)       Nytis has delivered to Liberty all Phase I or Phase II environmental site assessment reports in Nytis’ possession or control on the Leases or the lands covered thereby. To the best of Nytis’ knowledge and belief, after appropriate inquiry, Nytis has complied in all material respects with all environmental laws with respect to the Leases.  To the best of Nytis’ knowledge and belief, after appropriate inquiry, Nytis possesses all environmental permits that are required for the operation of the Leases (except for such permits as are expected to be obtained in the ordinary course of business), and is in compliance with the provisions of all such environmental permits.  Nytis has not received any written notice, report or other information regarding any liabilities relating to its business or any of the Leases arising under environmental laws, including any written notice of violation from any governmental authority.  To the best of Nytis’ knowledge and belief, after appropriate inquiry, Nytis has not treated, stored, disposed of, arranged for or permitted the disposal of, transported, handled, or released any substance, including any hazardous materials, or owned or operated any facility or property, so as to give rise to liabilities for response costs, natural resource damages or attorneys fees pursuant to federal or state environmental laws.  Without limiting the foregoing, no facts, events or conditions relating to the past or present facilities, properties or operations of Nytis with respect to the Leases will prevent, hinder or limit continued compliance with environmental laws, give rise to any investigatory, remedial or corrective obligations on the part of Liberty pursuant to environmental laws, or give rise to any other liabilities on the part of Liberty (whether accrued, absolute, contingent, unliquidated or otherwise, whether due or to become due, and regardless of whether asserted) pursuant to environmental laws, including any relating to onsite or offsite releases or threatened releases of hazardous materials, substances or wastes, personal injury, property damage or natural resource damage.
 
 
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(e)       The information set forth on Schedule 5.2(e) with respect to the working interest and net revenue interest of Nytis in the Leases is true and correct.
 
(f)        Schedule 5.2(f) sets forth a list of all policies of insurance owned or held by or maintained by Nytis with respect to the Leases.  Such policies are in full force and effect and, coupled with the insurance to be obtained under any applicable Operating Agreement, will satisfy in all material respects all requirements of applicable, laws and any agreements to which Nytis is a party.
 
(g)       Prior to the execution of this Agreement, Nytis will have obtained, or cause to be obtained, any consents, approvals, certificates, licenses, permits, and other authorizations of the necessary governmental authorities, which to the best of Nytis’ knowledge and belief, after appropriate inquiry, are required for Nytis to own, develop, operate, and maintain the Berea Sandstone Program.
 
(h)       Nytis has paid its pro-rata share of all ad valorem, property, production, severance, excise, and similar taxes and assessments with respect to the Leases that have become due and payable, and all tax returns required to be filed by Nytis with respect to the same have been timely filed.  To the best of Nytis’ knowledge and belief, after appropriate inquiry, with respect to the Leases there are no tax deficiencies assessed against or audits in progress by any governmental authority.  There are no tax liens on or with respect to the Leases.
 
(i)        All rentals, royalties, shut-in royalties, overriding royalties and other payments due pursuant to or with respect to the Leases have been properly paid, excluding amounts properly held in suspense.
 
(j)        To the best of Nytis’ knowledge and belief, after appropriate inquiry, there are no wells located on the Leases (other than the Existing Wells) that (a) Nytis is obligated by law or contract to plug and abandon; (b) Nytis would be obligated by law or contract to plug and abandon with the lapse of time or notice or both because the well is not capable of producing oil, gas or other hydrocarbons in commercial quantities or otherwise being used in normal operations; (c) are subject to exceptions to a requirement to plug and abandon issued by a regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Leases; or (d) have been plugged and abandoned but have not been plugged in accordance, in all material respects, with all applicable requirements of each regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Leases.
 
(k)       The Leases are not subject to any preferential purchase rights applicable to the transactions contemplated hereby.
 
(l)        There are no outstanding Well AFEs or other capital commitments which are binding on the Leases.
 
 
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5.3       Liberty Representations and Warranties .  Liberty hereby represents and warrants as follows:
 
(a)       There is no bankruptcy, reorganization or arrangement proceedings pending, being contemplated by or to its knowledge threatened against it.
 
(b)       The working interests being acquired by Liberty are being acquired for investment purposes only, for Liberty’s own account, and not with a current view to, for offer for sale or for sale in connection with, the distribution or transfer thereof.  The working interests being acquired by Liberty are not being purchased for subdivision or fractionalization thereof; and Liberty has no contract, agreement or arrangement with any person or entity to sell or otherwise transfer (with or without consideration) to any such person or entity any of the working interests being acquired by Liberty, nor present plans or intention to enter into any such contract, agreement or arrangement.
 
ARTICLE VI
CLOSING CONDITIONS; TERM AND TERMINATION
 
6.1        Closing Conditions .  It is the intent of the parties that a closing of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (the “ Closing ”) shall take place contemporaneously with the execution of this Agreement at such location as is mutually acceptable to the parties.  The parties’ obligations to close the transactions contemplated hereby shall be subject to delivery of the following:
 
(a)       Liberty shall pay to Nytis the Initial Payment;
 
(b)       The parties shall execute the Operating Agreement;
 
(c)       Nytis shall deliver to Liberty:
 
(i)        the Assignments; and
 
(ii)       the acknowledgement of BOK of Nytis’ entry into this Agreement, and that there are no liens held by BOK with respect to the Liberty Working Interest in the Leases, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Liberty.
 
6.2       Term .  The term of this Agreement (the “ Term ”) shall begin on the Effective Date and shall continue so long as any Leases in which one of the parties holds an interest continue in force, whether by production, extension, renewal or otherwise; provided, however, that this Agreement may be earlier terminated by the mutual consent of the parties hereto and shall be earlier terminated upon Liberty’s failure to participate in any of the Carry Wells in accordance with this Agreement; provided further, however, that any outstanding assignment obligations of either party pursuant to this Agreement shall survive any such termination.
 
6.3       Termination .  Upon termination of this Agreement, all rights and obligations of the parties with respect to the Berea Sandstone Program will be governed solely by the terms of the applicable Operating Agreements and any other agreements entered into by the parties with respect to such properties, and neither party shall have any further rights or obligations hereunder, except as otherwise provided herein.
 
 
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ARTICLE VII
AREA OF MUTUAL INTEREST
 
7.1       Subsequent Acquisitions .  If during the Term of this Agreement, either Liberty or Nytis, or any of their respective affiliates, acquires any oil and gas leasehold interest, whether by purchase, farm-in, contribution, forced pooling or otherwise, covering lands lying within the Contract Area, the acquiring party shall promptly notify the non-acquiring party of such acquisition, describing the oil and gas leasehold interest acquired and detailing the actual, third-party out-of-pocket costs incurred and the value of any rights, leases, oil and gas interests or other property exchanged in connection with the acquisition of the acquired interest.  Such acquired interest shall be offered to the non-acquiring party on a heads up basis: sixty percent (60%) to Nytis and forty percent (40%) to Liberty.
 
7.2       Election to Participate .  The non-acquiring party shall have a period of twenty (20) days after receipt of such notice to notify the acquiring party of the non-acquiring party’s election to participate or not in the ownership of the acquired oil and gas leasehold interest, with the failure of the non-acquiring party to notify the acquiring party within such twenty (20) day period to constitute an election not to participate.
 
7.3       Payment and Assignment of Interest .  In the event the non-acquiring party timely elects to participate in the acquired oil and gas leasehold interest, and unless any such working interests have previously been conveyed to such non-acquiring party, the acquired oil and gas leasehold interest shall become subject to this Agreement and the acquiring party shall promptly assign to the non-acquiring party its undivided percentage of the working interest acquired by the acquiring party in such oil and gas leasehold interest, subject only to the burdens in effect at the time the subject oil and gas leasehold interest was acquired.  Such assignment shall be substantially in the same form as Exhibit E attached hereto.  Upon receipt of such assignment, the non-acquiring party will pay to the acquiring party, in immediately available funds, the non-acquiring party’s share of the costs incurred in acquiring the acquired oil and gas leasehold interest (limited to actual, third-party out-of-pocket costs and the value of any rights, leases, oil and gas interests or other property exchanged therefor), in accordance with such party’s undivided percentage working interest.   For purposes of this Article VII , Liberty’s undivided percentage working interest shall be forty percent (40%) and Nytis’ undivided percentage working interest shall be sixty percent (60%).
 
7.4       Non-Participation .  In the event a non-acquiring party fails to timely elect to participate in acquired leasehold interest pursuant to Section 7.2 , then such oil and gas leasehold interest shall not become subject to this Agreement, shall be held solely by the acquiring party and shall not in any manner be subject to the terms of this Agreement.
 
 
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ARTICLE VIII
CONFIDENTIAL DATA AND INFORMATION
 
8.1       Confidential Information .  Nytis has provided Liberty with certain information, reports and data used in the evaluation of the Berea Sandstone Program as contemplated by this Agreement. Subject to the terms of Section 8.2 , any party hereto may at any time utilize, and show and provide to third parties, copies of such information.
 
8.2       Limitations .  Except to the extent that such data may legally become a part of the public domain, all data and information acquired by the parties pursuant to this Agreement or supplied by one party to the other pursuant to this Agreement will be kept confidential and will be for the sole and exclusive use and benefit of the parties hereto; provided , however , the parties may disclose such data and information to their respective consultants and parties providing, or proposing to provide, financial accommodations to the disclosing party where each such recipient has (a) been advised of the confidential nature of such data and information and the obligations of the disclosing party with respect thereto hereunder, and (b) agreed to be bound by the terms of this Article VIII , it being understood and agreed that the disclosing party shall remain liable for any breach by any such recipient of the obligations of the disclosing party under this Article VIII .  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, any party may disclose Confidential Information (i) to other working interest owners in the Berea Sandstone Program, if any, (ii) to third parties to the extent such information is required to be disclosed under applicable law, rule, order or regulation of any governmental entity having jurisdiction over such matters, (iii) to the extent requested by regulatory or self-regulatory authority, (iv) in connection with the exercise of any remedies hereunder or any suit, action or proceeding relating to this Agreement or the enforcement of rights hereunder, or (v) to an equity owner, director, officer, employee or agent of such party, including legal counsel, accountants and other advisors where each such recipient has (y) been advised of the confidential nature of such data and information and the obligations of the disclosing party with respect thereto hereunder and (z) such recipient is subject to enforceable obligations to keep such data and information confidential.
 
ARTICLE IX
INSURANCE
 
The Operator will at all times and in connection with all work performed hereunder carry, for the account of the parties, the insurance specified on Exhibit “D” to the Operating Agreement and shall otherwise comply with the provisions of such Exhibit “D”.
 
ARTICLE X
INDEMNIFICATION
 
10.1      Application of Indemnities .  Indemnities shall apply as follows:
 
(a)   All indemnities set forth in this Agreement extend to the affiliates, partners, directors, employees, members, shareholders, subsidiaries, permitted successors and permitted assigns of the indemnified party.  The indemnities set forth in this Agreement do not extend to any part of an indemnified claim that is the result of the gross negligence, willful misconduct or fraud of the indemnified party.
 
 
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(b)   Neither Nytis nor Liberty shall be entitled to recover from the other party (or Carbon, as applicable), respectively, and each party releases the other party from and waives, any liabilities arising under this Agreement by reason of the breach thereof, or in connection with or with respect to the transactions contemplated in this agreement, any amount in excess of the actual compensatory damages suffered by such party. Each of Nytis and Liberty waive, and release each other (and Carbon, as applicable) from any right to recover punitive or exemplary damages arising in connection with or with respect to any breach hereof or as to the transactions contemplated in this agreement; provided , however , any such damages recovered by a third party (other than a party’s affiliates) for which a party owes the other party an indemnity under this agreement shall not be waived.
 
(c)   The indemnities of the indemnifying party in this Agreement do not cover or include any amounts that the indemnified party may legally recoup from other third party owners under applicable joint operating agreements or other agreements, and for which the indemnified party is reimbursed by any third party.  If it is judicially determined that any provision of this indemnity is found to be in violation of state or federal law, such that the violation would render the entire Agreement void and unenforceable, said provision shall be amended automatically to comply with said law. In the event that such provision cannot be amended to comply with said law, the provision shall be disregarded, and the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not be affected.
 
10.2      Liberty Indemnity .  Liberty shall indemnify, defend and hold Nytis and Carbon harmless from and against any and all claims and liabilities caused by, resulting from or incidental to (a) any inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of Liberty set forth in this agreement or (b) any breach of, or failure to perform or satisfy, any of the covenants and obligations of Liberty hereunder.
 
10.3      Nytis Indemnity .  Nytis and Carbon shall indemnify, defend and hold Liberty harmless from and against any and all claims and liabilities caused by, resulting from or incidental to (a) any inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of Nytis set forth in this agreement, (b) any breach of, or failure to perform or satisfy, any of the covenants and obligations of Nytis hereunder which are to be performed after the execution of this agreement, (c) the Existing Wells, and (d) any matter arising or resulting from the ownership and operation of the Leases prior to the Effective Date.  The liability of Nytis and Carbon pursuant to this Article X shall be joint and several.
 
10.4      Demand .  Each indemnified party hereunder agrees that promptly upon its discovery of facts giving rise to a claim for indemnity under the provisions of this Agreement, including receipt by it of notice of any demand, assertion, claim, action or proceeding, judicial or otherwise, by any third party (such third party actions being collectively referred to herein as the “ Indemnity Claim ”), with respect to any matter as to which it claims to be entitled to indemnity under the provisions of this Agreement, it will give prompt notice thereof in writing to the indemnifying party or parties, together with a statement of such information respecting any of the foregoing as it shall have.  Such notice shall include a formal demand for indemnification under this Agreement.  The indemnifying party or parties shall not be obligated to indemnify the indemnified party with respect to any Indemnity Claim if the indemnified party knowingly failed to notify the indemnifying party or parties thereof in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement in sufficient time to permit the indemnifying party or parties or its/their counsel to defend against such matter and to make a timely response thereto including, without limitation, any responsive motion or answer to a complaint, petition, notice or other legal, equitable or administrative process relating to the Indemnity Claim, only insofar as such knowing failure to notify the indemnifying party has actually resulted in prejudice or damage to the indemnifying party or parties.
 
10.5   Reimbursement
 
.  The indemnifying party or parties shall pay to the indemnified party in immediately available funds any amounts to which the indemnified party may become entitled by reason of the provisions of this Agreement, such payment to be made within five (5) days after any such amounts are finally determined either by mutual agreement of the parties hereto or pursuant to the final unappealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction.  In calculating any amount to be paid by an indemnifying party or parties by reason of the provisions of this Agreement, the amount shall be reduced by all tax benefits and other reimbursements credited to or received by the other party related to the damages.
 
10.6      Survival .  The representations and warranties of the parties set forth in Section 5.1 shall survive the execution of this Agreement indefinitely.  All other representations and warranties of Nytis and Liberty made on the date of execution of this Agreement shall survive the execution of this Agreement for a period of two (2) years.  All other covenants and agreements contained in this Agreement shall survive the execution of this Agreement until this Agreement is terminated in accordance with Section 6.2 ; provided, however, that the indemnification provisions of this Article X shall survive the execution of this Agreement indefinitely.
 
10.7      Exclusive Remedy .  The terms and provisions of this Article X shall be the sole and exclusive remedy of each of the parties indemnified hereunder with respect to the representations, warranties, covenants and agreements of the parties set forth in this Agreement and the other documents executed and delivered hereunder.
 
10.8      Assumption of Liability .  Each party that is required to assume any obligation or liability of the other party pursuant to this Agreement or that is required to defend, indemnify or hold the other party harmless hereunder shall, notwithstanding any other provision hereof to the contrary, be entitled to the use and benefit of all defenses (legal and equitable) and counterclaims of such other party in defense of third party claims arising out of any such assumption or indemnification.
 
 
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ARTICLE XI
RELATIONSHIP OF PARTIES
 
It is not the purpose or intention hereof to create any mining partnership, joint venture, general partnership or other partnership relation and none shall be inferred.  The parties understand and agree that their relationship hereunder is not one of partnership, association, trust, joint venture, mining partnership or entity of any kind.
 
ARTICLE XII
FORCE MAJEURE
 
If any party is rendered unable, wholly or in part, by force majeure to carry out its obligations under this Agreement, other than an obligation to make payments of money, such party shall give to the other party prompt written notice of the force majeure with reasonably full particulars concerning it; thereupon, the obligations of the party giving the notice, so far as they are affected by the force majeure, shall be suspended during, but no longer than, the continuance of the force majeure. The affected party shall use all reasonable diligence to remove the force majeure situation as quickly as practicable.  The requirement that any force majeure shall be remedied with all reasonable dispatch shall not require the settlement of strikes, lockouts or other labor difficulties by the party involved, contrary to its wishes; how any such difficulties shall be handled shall be entirely within the discretion of the party concerned.  The term “force majeure”, as here employed, shall mean an act of God, strike, lockout or other industrial disturbance, act of the public enemy, war, blockade, public riot, lightning, fire, storm, flood, explosion, governmental action, governmental delay, restraint or inaction, and any other cause, whether of the kind specifically enumerated above or otherwise, which is not reasonably within the control of the party claiming suspension.
 
ARTICLE XIII
MARKETING
 
Production of oil and gas for Liberty from the Wells and any other wells drilled and completed by the parties on the Berea Sandstone Program shall be gathered, processed, treated, transported and marketed by Nytis, after reasonable consultation with Liberty, with no “mark-up” costs and/or internal fees from Nytis or its affiliates to Liberty; provided , however , that Nytis may charge Liberty the typical overhead fees relating to such activities included within the standard COPAS Accounting Procedure annexed to the Operating Agreement.
 
ARTICLE XIV
NOTICES
 
All notices and communication required or permitted under this Agreement shall be in writing, delivered to or sent by U.S. Mail or any other recognized overnight delivery service, postage or similar charges prepaid, or by facsimile, addressed as follows:
 
Nytis Exploration Company LLC
c/o Carbon Natural Gas Company
1700 Broadway, Suite 1170
Denver, CO  80290
Attn: Patrick R. McDonald
Telephone No. (720) 407-7032
Facsimile No.   (720) 407-7031
 
 
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Liberty Energy, LLC
175 Berkeley St., Mail Stop 18K
Boston, MA   02116
Attn: Scott Carson
Telephone No. (617) 654-4595
Facsimile No.    (617) 574-6920
 
ARTICLE XV
CONFLICTS
 
In the event of any conflict between the provisions of this Agreement and the Operating Agreement, including the Exhibits attached thereto, the terms of this Agreement shall control.
 
ARTICLE XVI
SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS
 
This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns.  Neither party shall assign any of its rights and obligations under this Agreement, without the express written consent of the other party, such consent to not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned; provided , however , that no consent shall be required for an assignment in connection with (i) the sale of all or substantially all of such party’s assets or (ii) the merger or consolidation of such party in which such party is not the survivor, so long as (A) such assignee agrees to be bound by the provisions of this Agreement, and (B) such party shall promptly notify the other party prior to the making of such a permitted assignment.  No consent shall be required by a party for any mortgage of the other party’s interest herein.
 
ARTICLE XVII
GOVERNING LAW
 
This Agreement shall be construed under and in accordance with the laws of the State of Colorado, excluding any conflicts-of-law rule or principle that might apply the law of another jurisdiction.  The parties agree that venue for any dispute hereunder shall be in a Federal or state court in Denver County, Colorado.
 
ARTICLE XVIII
NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARY
 
Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer on any person other than the parties hereto any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities in and to the Wells, or the interest in lands included therein or pertaining thereto acquired hereunder, or otherwise, under or by reason of this Agreement.
 
ARTICLE XIX
PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENTS
 
Subject to applicable legal requirements, at all times during the term hereof, each party shall promptly advise and cooperate with the others before issuing, or permitting any of its affiliates, directors, officers, employees, managers, members or agents to issue any press release or other public announcement with respect to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
 
 
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ARTICLE XX
FURTHER ASSURANCES
 
Each party agrees to deliver or cause to be delivered to the other parties at such times as shall be requested any additional instrument that the other may reasonably request for the purpose of carrying out this Agreement.
 
ARTICLE XXI
COUNTERPART EXECUTION
 
This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, no one of which need be executed by all parties but all of which shall constitute but one and the same instrument.
 
ARTICLE XXII
ENTIRE AGREEMENT
 
This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all other agreements, written or oral, between the parties with respect to such subject matter.
 
ARTICLE XXIII
CAPTIONS/HEADINGS
 
Any captions to or headings of the articles, sections, subsections, paragraphs or subparagraphs of this Agreement are solely for the convenience of the parties, are not a part of this Agreement and shall not be used for the interpretation or determination of validity of this Agreement or any provision hereof.

[Signatures Begin on the Following Page]
 
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement effective as of the date first set forth above.
 
  NYTIS EXPLORATION COMPANY LLC  
         
  By:    Nytis Exploration (USA) Inc., its Manager  
         
         
    By: /s/ Patrick R. McDonald  
      Patrick R. McDonald, President  
         
 
LIBERTY ENERGY, LLC
 
         
  By: /s/ Scott E. Carson  
    Scott E. Carson, Vice President  
 
Acknowledged and agreed for purposes of Article X only:

CARBON NATURAL GAS COMPANY

     
By:   /s/ Patrick R. McDonald  
  Patrick R. McDonald,  
  President and Chief Executive Officer  
 
 
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List of Exhibits and Schedules

Exhibit A *
 Description of Leases
Exhibit B *
 General Outline of Contract Area
Exhibit C *
 Form of Operating Agreement
Exhibit D *
 Form of Well AFEs
Exhibit E *
 Form of Assignment
Exhibit F *
 Existing Wells
Schedule 5.1 (c) *
 Required Filings
Schedule 5.2 (e) *
 Working Interests; Net Revenue Interests
Schedule 5.2 (f) *
 Insurance

 
*
A copy of any omitted schedule will be furnished supplementally to the Commission upon request.
 
 
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Exhibit 2.3
 
PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT
 
BOYD, CARTER, GREENUP AND LAWRENCE COUNTIES, KENTUCKY
 
This Participation Agreement (“ Agreement ”) is entered into as of February 25, 2014 (the “ Effective Date ”), by and among NYTIS EXPLORATION COMPANY LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ Nytis ”), CARBON NATURAL GAS COMPANY, a Delaware corporation (“ Carbon ”) (for purposes of Article X only), and LIBERTY ENERGY, LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability company (“ Liberty ”).
 
RECITALS
 
WHEREAS, Nytis, Carbon and Liberty are parties to that certain Participation Agreement dated September 17, 2012 (the “ Prior Participation Agreement ”), covering approximately 26,000 net mineral acres located in Boyd, Carter, Greenup and Lawrence Counties, Kentucky as generally depicted on Exhibit B-1 attached hereto (the “ Original Contract Area ”);
 
WHEREAS, the area outlined on Exhibit B-2 attached hereto is referred to herein as the “ Program Area ” (such area includes the Original Contract Area);
 
WHEREAS, pursuant to the Prior Participation Agreement, Liberty earned forty percent (40%) of Nytis’ undivided working interest in certain leases underlying the oil and gas interests in the Original Contract Area;
 
WHEREAS, as of the Effective Date, Nytis has leased or obtained leases of, oil and gas interests covering 12,497.38 net mineral acres in the Program Area outside of the Original Contract Area (the area within the Program Area that lies outside the Original Contract Area is hereinafter referred to as the “ New Area ”);
 
WHEREAS, Liberty desires to participate in the development of additional oil and gas interests located in the Program Area (whether within or outside of the Original Contract Area) by paying a portion of the costs incurred by Nytis (subject to the provisions of Section 3.2 below) associated with the drilling, completion and equipping of oil and gas wells in the Berea Sandstone Geologic Interval in exchange for forty percent (40%) of Nytis’ undivided working interest in the Leases (as such term is defined below) underlying such new oil and gas interests in the New Area; and
 
WHEREAS, Liberty, as consideration for the right to participate in the development in the New Area and other rights set forth herein, has agreed to carry a portion of Nytis’ costs in the Carry Wells (as such term is defined below) as set forth herein.
 
NOW, THEREFORE, for a good and valuable consideration, it is agreed between the parties as follows:
 
 
 

 
 
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
 
1.1           The following definitions shall apply in this Agreement:
 
Acreage Cap ” means 20,000 net mineral acres, including Nytis’ net mineral acres from which Liberty is purchasing the Liberty Working Interest on the Effective Date.
 
AFE ” means an authorization for expenditure representing an estimate of work to be performed for a specific drilling, completion or other operation.
 
Approved Spacing Unit ” means the unit described in the as-built plat that is used for division order purposes and submitted to the Kentucky Division of Oil and Gas.
 
Berea Sandstone Geologic Interval ” means the geologic interval below the Sunbury Shale and above the Devonian Shale as located in Brice Shepherd #1 from 1007 feet to 1162 feet.
 
Carry Costs ” has the meaning provided in Section 3.1(c)(i) .
 
Carry Wells ” has the meaning provided in Section 2.1(a) .
 
Drilling and Completion Activities ” means all activities and operations carried out by or on behalf of the parties related to the Wells and under the terms and conditions of this Agreement, including, but not limited to, drilling, sidetracking, well control, acquisition, transportation and installation of tubular goods, materials and equipment; surveying, constructing roads and surface location.
 
Drilling and Completion Costs ” means all costs incurred in connection with Drilling and Completion Activities, all of which will be determined, and billed to the parties participating in such activities, pursuant to the Operating Agreement.
 
Existing Wells ” has the meaning provided in Section 3.7 .
 
Horizontal Well ” means a well permitted and spudded with the intent to drill with at least 1500 feet of horizontal displacement from the surface location.  If the parties mutually agree to drill a Carry Well not intended to have significant horizontal displacement under this Agreement, that Carry Well shall be counted as 1/3 of a Horizontal Well for the purpose of this Agreement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the vertical Wells referenced in Section 2.5(a) shall not be counted toward the total number of Carry Wells hereunder.
 
Leases ” means those mineral leases more particularly described on Exhibit A attached hereto and incorporated herein (as such may be supplemented from time to time to reflect (i) additional leases underlying oil and gas interests within the Subsequent Acreage Acquisition Basket and (ii) additional leases underlying oil and gas interests acquired within the Program Area in which a Party elects to participate pursuant to Section 7.2 hereof).
 
 
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Liberty Working Interest ” means forty percent (40%) of Nytis’ undivided working interest in the Leases.
 
New Area ” has the meaning provided in the Recitals.
 
Operating Agreement ” means the joint operating agreement in substantially the form of that attached hereto as Exhibit C , together with the COPAS Accounting Procedure annexed thereto, and together with all Exhibits thereto.
 
Operator ” means Nytis, its successors and assigns.
 
Original Contract Area ” has the meaning provided in the Recitals.
 
Prior AMI Provisions ” has the meaning provided in Article VII .
 
Prior Participation Agreement ” means that certain Participation Agreement dated September 17, 2012, by and among Nytis, Carbon and Liberty.
 
Program Area ” has the meaning provided in the Recitals.
 
Proportionately Reduced ” means the pro rata reduction of the amount to be paid by Liberty and/or Nytis, as the case may be, with respect to any Well and/or Lease in which Liberty and Nytis do not collectively own a 100% working interest, based on the actual working interest owned by Liberty and Nytis, collectively, in such Well and/or Lease.
 
Subsequent Acreage Acquisition Basket ” means the balance of the Acreage Cap regarding Leases acquired by Nytis in the New Area after the Effective Date hereof.
 
Well ” means each Carry Well, each vertical well proposed by Nytis in accordance with Section 2.5(a) , and any subsequent well in which Liberty participates under the Operating Agreement.
 
1.2           The following Exhibits are attached to and made a part of this Agreement:
 
Exhibit “A”
Description of Leases
Exhibit “B-1”
Outline of Original Contract Area
Exhibit “B-2”
Outline of Program Area
Exhibit “C”
Operating Agreement
Exhibit “D”
Form of Well AFEs
Exhibit “E”
Form of Assignment
Exhibit “F”
Existing Wells
 
 
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ARTICLE II
DRILLING COMMITMENT; SUBSEQUENT ACTIVITIES
 
2.1            Carry Wells.
 
(a)           Liberty hereby commits to drill, complete and equip one (1) Horizontal Well targeting the Berea Sandstone Geologic Interval for each 1,000 net mineral acres acquired by Nytis in the New Area (collectively, the “ Carry Wells ”) as proposed and operated by Nytis; provided , however , that in no event shall the number of Carry Wells drilled pursuant to this Agreement exceed twenty (20).
 
(b)           Liberty shall bear the costs for the Carry Wells in accordance with Section 3.1(c)(i) .
 
2.2            Other Wells Within the Original Contract Area .  If, prior to completion of all Carry Wells, Nytis proposes to drill Wells in the Original Contract Area, such Wells shall be drilled in accordance with the terms of the Operating Agreement on a heads up basis: Nytis 60% and Liberty 40%, each Proportionately Reduced
 
2.3            Subsequent Activities .  Upon completion of the Carry Wells, the parties may proceed to drill additional Wells in the Program Area in accordance with the terms of the Operating Agreement on a heads up basis: Nytis 60% and Liberty 40%, each Proportionately Reduced.
 
2.4            Drilling and Completion .  All Wells shall be Drilled and Completed in accordance with the terms of the Operating Agreement.  Prior to spudding each Well subject to this Agreement, Nytis shall deliver an AFE, in the form as set forth on Exhibit D attached hereto (each a “ Well AFE ”), setting forth the estimate of Drilling and Completion Costs for such Well.  It is understood and agreed that the Well AFEs represent an estimate of the costs of drilling and completing the Wells, but final billing will be based on actual costs incurred.  Billings will be charged pursuant to the Operating Agreement unless otherwise set forth herein.  In connection with any Well AFE, Nytis agrees promptly to provide any additional information regarding the Well which is reasonably requested by Liberty.  The location of each Well shall be determined by the Operator in its sole discretion.  Unless (a) otherwise consented to in writing by Liberty, or (b) pursuant to Section 2.5(a) , Nytis shall drill each Well as a Horizontal Well running through the Berea Sandstone Geologic Interval.  Nytis shall drill, complete, equip and produce, or plug and abandon each of the Wells, with due diligence and reasonable dispatch in accordance with applicable laws and the Operating Agreement.
 
2.5            Vertical Wells.
 
(a)           In addition to the Carry Wells, Nytis may at any time propose to drill up to six (6) vertical Wells in the Program Area in accordance with the terms of the Operating Agreement, and each of Liberty and Nytis shall, in accordance with the Operating Agreement, participate therein on a heads up basis: Nytis 60% and Liberty 40%, each Proportionately Reduced.  Such vertical Wells shall not count toward the number of Carry Wells that Liberty is obligated to participate in hereunder.
 
(b)           Notwithstanding Section 2.5(a) , if (i) any such vertical Well is drilled in the New Area and (ii) in the exercise of Nytis’ sole discretion Nytis determines that such Well provides adequate evidence that warrants completion of such Well as a Horizontal Well, and (iii) all Carry Wells have not yet then been drilled, such Well will be a Carry Well with Liberty obligated to pay the Carry Costs of such Horizontal Well with the amount previously paid by Liberty credited toward such Carry Costs
 
 
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ARTICLE III
PURCHASE OF WORKING INTEREST; ASSIGNMENT
 
3.1            Purchase of Working Interest .
 
(a)           Upfront Payment.
 
(i)           Upon execution of this Agreement, Liberty will pay to Nytis an amount equal to $350.00 per net mineral acre for forty percent (40%) of Nytis’ undivided working interest in the Leases, which amount is $1,749,633.20 (the “ Initial Payment ”).  The Initial Payment shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated by Nytis no later than two Business Days prior to Closing.
 
(ii)          In exchange for the Initial Payment at the Closing, Nytis shall make at Closing the assignments to Liberty set forth in Section 3.4 and grant Liberty the right to participate for a forty percent (40%) working interest in the drilling, development and production of oil and gas from the Leases in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement.
 
(b)           Additional Acreage; Subsequent Payment.
 
(i)           If, during the period commencing on the date of this Agreement and ending on the later of (A) December 31, 2014, or (B) the date which is nine (9) months after the date that the most recent Well has been spud in the Program Area, Nytis acquires additional oil and gas leasehold interests in the New Area (the “ Additional Acreage ”), then, subject to the Acreage Cap, Liberty will pay to Nytis $350.00 per net mineral acre to acquire the Liberty Working Interest in the Leases underlying the Additional Acreage (the “ Subsequent Payment ”).  Any Additional Acreage acquired over the Acreage Cap shall be acquired and offered to Liberty subject to the provisions of Article VII ; provided , however , that if, prior to the drilling of all Carry Wells, Nytis proposes drilling a Well on Additional Acreage that is acquired over the Acreage Cap, such Well shall be drilled as a Carry Well and if Liberty does not elect to acquire its pro rata interest in the oil and gas interest underlying such Additional Acreage in accordance with the provisions of Article VII , upon completion of such Well and Liberty’s payment of the Carry Costs, Nytis shall be obligated to assign to Liberty only forty percent (40%) of Nytis undivided working interest in such Well’s wellbore.
 
(ii)          Nytis will provide written notice to Liberty of any Additional Acreage acquired by Nytis promptly following such acquisition.  The notice shall contain (A) an executed copy of the oil and gas lease and any agreement pursuant to which such Additional Acreage has been acquired, (B) a complete description of the Additional Acreage including information specifying the number of gross and net acres and existing overriding royalty or other burdens affecting the Additional Acreage, and (C) a copy of any related title work.
 
 
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(iii)         Within 20 days after receipt of the notice described in Section 3.1(b)(ii) , Liberty shall pay to Nytis by wire transfer of immediately available funds an amount equal to the Subsequent Payment.
 
(c)           Subject to the limitation set forth in Section 3.2 below and in accordance with the payment terms of the applicable Operating Agreement, unless otherwise set forth herein, Liberty agrees to be responsible for and pay the Drilling and Completion Costs of the Wells as follows:
 
(i)           Eighty percent (80%), Proportionately Reduced, of the Drilling and Completion Costs for the Carry Wells (the “ Carry Costs ”).
 
(ii)          In the event that Liberty participates in any Wells on the Leases proposed by Nytis, in accordance with the Operating Agreement, under Section 2.5(a)   or subsequent to the completion of the agreed number of Carry Wells, Liberty shall bear forty percent (40%), Proportionately Reduced, of the Drilling and Completion Costs for such Wells in accordance with the Operating Agreement.  For the sake of clarity, Liberty’s election to not participate in any such Wells shall provide to Nytis and other working interest owners under the Operating Agreement any and all remedies provided by the Operating Agreement.
 
3.2            Well Cost Cap .
 
(a)           Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, if the Drilling and Completion Costs (or plugging and abandoning, if not completed):
 
(i)           associated with any particular Carry Well to be drilled pursuant to Section 2.1 or Section 2.5(b) above exceed Seven Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($750,000.00) (the “ Single Well Cost Cap ”), Liberty only shall be required to pay forty percent (40%), Proportionately Reduced, of Drilling and Completion Costs in excess of the Single Well Cost Cap for such Carry Well, and Nytis shall be required to pay sixty percent (60%), Proportionately Reduced, of Drilling and Completion Costs in excess of the Single Well Cost Cap for such Carry Well; or
 
(ii)          associated with all Carry Wells to be drilled pursuant to Section 2.1 or Section 2.5(b) above exceed Twelve Million Dollars ($12,000,000.00) in the aggregate (the “ Aggregate Well Cost Cap ”), Liberty only shall be required to pay forty percent (40%), Proportionately Reduced, of Drilling and Completion Costs in excess of the Aggregate Well Cost Cap for the Carry Wells, and Nytis shall be required to pay sixty percent (60%), Proportionately Reduced, of Drilling and Completion Costs in excess of the Aggregate Well Cost Cap for the Carry Wells.
 
 
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(b)           Nytis shall use its reasonable best efforts to obtain competitive, market standard rates and costs with respect to the Drilling and Completion Costs.
 
3.3            Spud Fee .  In addition to the amounts Liberty is required to pay pursuant to Section 3.1 , Liberty shall pay to Nytis a spud fee for each Well drilled within the Program Area equal to $10,000.00, Proportionately Reduced to Nytis’ initial working interest in such Well (the “ Spud Fee ”).  The Spud Fee shall be paid by wire transfer of immediately available funds in accordance with the invoicing provisions set forth in Section 4.2 .
 
3.4            Assignment .  Simultaneously with Liberty’s payment of the Initial Payment, Nytis shall deliver to Liberty a recordable assignment, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit E (the “ Assignment ”), assigning Liberty forty percent (40%) of all of Nytis’ undivided right, title and interest in and to the Leases.  Each and every Assignment contemplated herein shall be made with a warranty of title, by, through and under Nytis, but not otherwise, and such assignment(s) shall be subject to the terms contained in this Agreement and the applicable operating agreements and/or pooling orders, if any.  Furthermore, in exchange for and within five (5) days after remittance of the Subsequent Payment, Nytis will deliver to Liberty an Assignment, assigning Liberty forty percent (40%) of all of Nytis’ undivided right, title and interest in and to the Leases underlying the Additional Acreage purchased by Liberty pursuant to Section 3.1(b) .  At the time of such assignment of Additional Acreage, Nytis shall be deemed to make the representations and warranties set forth in Section 5.2 applicable to Leases with respect to all Leases conveyed underlying such Additional Acreage.
 
3.5            Non-Consent Penalty .  In the event that Liberty defaults in its obligations to pay the Carry Costs, Liberty’s rights to further participation in the Program Area shall terminate and Liberty shall promptly re-assign to Nytis, without further consideration, the identical leasehold and net revenue interest assigned to Liberty pursuant to Section 3.4 using the form of Assignment; provided , however , that Liberty shall retain its rights and interest in any Approved Spacing Unit surrounding each Carry Well in which Liberty has previously participated.  If Liberty participates in all of the Carry Wells, Liberty shall have earned the Liberty Working Interest and shall not be subject to any further re-assignment obligations.
 
3.6            Overriding Royalty; Minimum Net Revenue Interest .  The parties acknowledge that all Assignments shall include a reservation by Nytis of an overriding royalty interest on all Leases equal to the lesser of (a) three percent (3%) and (b) the difference between the net revenue interest delivered with respect to a Lease and eighty-three percent (83%), proportionately reduced, with respect to such Lease.  For clarity, no overriding royalty interest will be reserved by Nytis on Leases assigned to Liberty which do not have a net revenue interest of greater than eighty-three percent (83%), proportionately reduced.
 
3.7            Existing Wells .  Nytis shall reserve and retain the wellbores and Approved Spacing Units of all existing Wells spudded prior to the Effective Date in the New Area, all of which are identified on Exhibit F attached hereto (the “ Existing Wells ”), the production therefrom, and all equipment and facilities exclusively associated therewith.  Nytis will assume all liabilities associated therewith and indemnify Liberty therefrom.
 
 
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3.8            Accelerated Payment of Carry Costs .  Liberty shall have the option, and Nytis hereby grants Liberty the option, to accelerate its payment of the Carry Costs and secure its full Liberty Working Interest (the “ Acceleration Option ”) if Nytis elects to sell the majority of its working interests in the Program Area to a third party at any point before Liberty has paid Carry Costs equal to the Aggregate Well Cost Cap.  If Liberty elects to exercise the Acceleration Option, then Liberty shall immediately pay to Nytis an amount equal to the Aggregate Well Cost Cap minus any Carry Costs actually paid by Liberty as of the date of Liberty’s exercise of the Acceleration Option (the “ Accelerated Amount ”).  Upon Liberty’s payment of the Accelerated Amount, Liberty shall have satisfied its obligation to pay the Carry Costs in its entirety, and shall have no further obligation to pay Carry Costs to Nytis or any third party that acquires an interest in the Program Area for any Carry Costs.
 
ARTICLE IV
OPERATOR
 
4.1            Operating Agreement .  Nytis shall be the Operator under the Operating Agreement and in such capacity shall carry out or cause to be carried out all Drilling and Completion Activities as well as all other operations covered by the Operating Agreement; provided , however , that Nytis shall be permitted to assign its obligations as Operator in accordance with the Operating Agreement.  Additionally, it is understood that Nytis may engage a legitimate third party contract operator, which is mutually acceptable to the parties hereto, to consummate the actual Drilling and Completion Activities to be conducted on each designated prospect.
 
4.2            Invoicing .  Notwithstanding the payment terms of any Operating Agreement to the contrary, as to any Well proposed by Nytis under this Agreement or any Operating Agreement, Nytis shall invoice Liberty twenty (20) days prior to the estimated spud date for such Well for Liberty’s estimated share of Drilling and Completion Costs on each such Well.  Such invoices will be due and payable by Liberty within twenty (20) days of receipt of such invoice.
 
ARTICLE V
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
 
5.1            Mutual Representations and Warranties .  Each party, with respect to itself only, hereby represents and warrants to the other party the following:
 
(a)           Each party is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the applicable laws of the State of its formation, and is qualified to do business and is in good standing in every other jurisdiction where the failure to so qualify would have a material adverse effect on its ability to execute, deliver and perform this Agreement and the other agreements contemplated herein.
 
(b)           Each party has all requisite power and authority to (i) own, lease or operate its assets and properties and to carry on the business as now conducted, and (ii) enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement and to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby.
 
 
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(c)           Each party has taken (or caused to be taken) all acts and other proceedings required to be taken by such party to authorize the execution, delivery and performance by such party of this Agreement and the other agreements contemplated herein.  This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by each party and constitutes the valid and binding obligation of each party, enforceable against such party in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, moratorium, reorganization or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally and by principles of equity, whether considered in a proceeding at law or in equity.  The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by each party does not and will not (i) conflict with, or result in any violation of or constitute a breach or default (with notice or lapse of time, or both) under (A) any provision of the organizational documents of such party, or (B) any applicable statute, law, rule, regulation, order,  agreement, instrument or license applicable to such party, except as would not have a material adverse effect, or (ii) except as provided on Schedule 5.1(c) attached hereto, require the submission of any notice, report, consent or other filing with or from any governmental authority or third persons.
 
(d)           There are no actions, suits or proceedings pending or, to such party’s knowledge, threatened against a party which if decided unfavorably to such party could have a material adverse effect on the ability of such party to execute, deliver or perform this Agreement.
 
(e)           No party has incurred any obligation or liability, contingent or otherwise, for any fee payable to a broker or finder with respect to the matters provided for in this Agreement or the other agreements contemplated herein which could be attributable to or charged to the other party.  Each party shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the other party from any claims, damages, liabilities, costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees in the event the prior sentence should be or become untrue as to such party.
 
5.2            Nytis Representations and Warranties .  Nytis hereby represents and warrants as follows:
 
(a)           There are no bankruptcy, reorganization or rearrangement proceedings pending, being contemplated by or to its knowledge threatened against it.
 
(b)           None of the Leases which will be assigned to Liberty under this Agreement will be subject to liens burdening Liberty’s interest therein, including but not limited to any liens in favor of The Bank of Oklahoma (“ BOK ”), as lender, pursuant to that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated May 31, 2010, by and between Nytis and BOK (as amended).  There are no calls on production or contracts for sale of production encumbering the Leases which provide for the delivery of hydrocarbons at a price below the prevailing market price.
 
(c)           All Leases are in full force and effect and are legal, valid and binding obligations of the parties thereto, and their respective successors and assigns.  Operations with respect to the Wells are in material compliance with applicable rules, regulations, statutes, and laws of any applicable governmental authority.  To the best of Nytis’ knowledge and belief, after appropriate inquiry, Nytis is not in breach or default under the terms of any of the Leases which may result in material impairment or loss of title to any material part of the Leases taken as a whole or the value thereof taken as a whole or which might materially hinder or impede the operation of the Leases as a whole.
 
 
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(d)           Nytis has delivered to Liberty all Phase I or Phase II environmental site assessment reports in Nytis’ possession or control on the Leases or the lands covered thereby. To the best of Nytis’ knowledge and belief, after appropriate inquiry, Nytis has complied in all material respects with all environmental laws with respect to the Leases.  To the best of Nytis’ knowledge and belief, after appropriate inquiry, Nytis possesses all environmental permits that are required for the operation of the Leases (except for such permits as are expected to be obtained in the ordinary course of business), and is in compliance with the provisions of all such environmental permits.  Nytis has not received any written notice, report or other information regarding any liabilities relating to its business or any of the Leases arising under environmental laws, including any written notice of violation from any governmental authority.  To the best of Nytis’ knowledge and belief, after appropriate inquiry, Nytis has not treated, stored, disposed of, arranged for or permitted the disposal of, transported, handled, or released any substance, including any hazardous materials, or owned or operated any facility or property, so as to give rise to liabilities for response costs, natural resource damages or attorneys’ fees pursuant to federal or state environmental laws.  Without limiting the foregoing, no facts, events or conditions relating to the past or present facilities, properties or operations of Nytis with respect to the Leases will prevent, hinder or limit continued compliance with environmental laws, give rise to any investigatory, remedial or corrective obligations on the part of Liberty pursuant to environmental laws, or give rise to any other liabilities on the part of Liberty (whether accrued, absolute, contingent, unliquidated or otherwise, whether due or to become due, and regardless of whether asserted) pursuant to environmental laws, including any relating to onsite or offsite releases or threatened releases of hazardous materials, substances or wastes, personal injury, property damage or natural resource damage.
 
(e)           The information set forth on Schedule 5.2(e) with respect to the working interest and net revenue interest of Nytis in the Leases is true and correct.
 
(f)            Schedule 5.2(f) sets forth a list of all policies of insurance owned or held by or maintained by Nytis with respect to the Leases and the operations thereon.  Such policies are in full force and effect and, coupled with the insurance to be obtained under any applicable Operating Agreement, will satisfy in all material respects all requirements of applicable, laws and any agreements to which Nytis is a party.
 
(g)           Nytis has or will have obtained, or cause to be obtained, any consents, approvals, certificates, licenses, permits, and other authorizations of the necessary governmental authorities, which to the best of Nytis’ knowledge and belief, after appropriate inquiry, are required for Nytis to own, develop, operate, and maintain its proposed or reasonably anticipated operations in the Program Area.
 
 
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(h)           Nytis has paid its pro-rata share of all ad valorem, property, production, severance, excise, and similar taxes and assessments with respect to the Leases that have become due and payable, and all tax returns required to be filed by Nytis with respect to the same have been timely filed.  To the best of Nytis’ knowledge and belief, after appropriate inquiry, with respect to the Leases there are no tax deficiencies assessed against or audits in progress by any governmental authority.  There are no tax liens on or with respect to the Leases.
 
(i)           All rentals, royalties, shut-in royalties, overriding royalties and other payments due pursuant to or with respect to the Leases have been properly paid, excluding amounts properly held in suspense.
 
(j)           To the best of Nytis’ knowledge and belief, after appropriate inquiry, there are no wells located on the Leases (other than the Existing Wells) that (a) Nytis is obligated by law or contract to plug and abandon; (b) Nytis would be obligated by law or contract to plug and abandon with the lapse of time or notice or both because the well is not capable of producing oil, gas or other hydrocarbons in commercial quantities or otherwise being used in normal operations; (c) are subject to exceptions to a requirement to plug and abandon issued by a regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Leases; or (d) have been plugged and abandoned but have not been plugged in accordance, in all material respects, with all applicable requirements of each regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Leases.
 
(k)           The Leases are not subject to any preferential purchase rights applicable to the transactions contemplated hereby.
 
(l)           There are no outstanding Well AFEs or other capital commitments which are binding on the Leases.
 
5.3            Liberty Representations and Warranties .  Liberty hereby represents and warrants as follows:
 
(a)           There is no bankruptcy, reorganization or arrangement proceedings pending, being contemplated by or to its knowledge threatened against it.
 
(b)           The working interests being acquired by Liberty are being acquired for investment purposes only, for Liberty’s own account, and not with a current view to, for offer for sale or for sale in connection with, the distribution or transfer thereof.  The working interests being acquired by Liberty are not being purchased for subdivision or fractionalization thereof; and Liberty has no contract, agreement or arrangement with any person or entity to sell or otherwise transfer (with or without consideration) to any such person or entity any of the working interests being acquired by Liberty, nor present plans or intention to enter into any such contract, agreement or arrangement.
 
(c)           Liberty has expressly authorized the persons executing this Agreement to sign, on behalf of Liberty, this Agreement and all other related documents to which Liberty is a party.
 
 
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ARTICLE VI
CLOSING CONDITIONS; TERM AND TERMINATION
 
6.1            Closing Conditions .  It is the intent of the parties that a closing of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (the “ Closing ”) shall take place contemporaneously with the execution of this Agreement at such location as is mutually acceptable to the parties.  The parties’ obligations to close the transactions contemplated hereby shall be subject to delivery of the following:
 
(a)           Liberty shall pay to Nytis the Initial Payment;
 
(b)           The parties shall execute the Operating Agreement;
 
(c)           Nytis shall deliver to Liberty:
 
(i)           the Assignment; and
 
(ii)          the acknowledgement of BOK of Nytis’ entry into this Agreement, and that there are no liens held by BOK with respect to the Liberty Working Interest in the Leases, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Liberty.
 
6.2            Term .  The term of this Agreement (the “ Term ”) shall begin on the Effective Date and shall continue so long as any Leases in which one of the parties holds an interest continue in force, whether by production, extension, renewal or otherwise; provided, however, that this Agreement may be earlier terminated by the mutual consent of the parties hereto and shall be earlier terminated upon Liberty’s failure to participate in any of the Carry Wells in accordance with this Agreement; provided further, however, that any outstanding assignment obligations of either party pursuant to this Agreement shall survive any such termination.
 
6.3            Termination .  Upon termination of this Agreement, all rights and obligations of the parties with respect to the Program Area will be governed solely by the terms of the applicable Operating Agreements and any other agreements entered into by the parties with respect to such properties, and neither party shall have any further rights or obligations hereunder, except as otherwise provided herein.
 
ARTICLE VII
AREA OF MUTUAL INTEREST
 
7.1            Subsequent Acquisitions .  If during the Term of this Agreement, either Liberty or Nytis, or any of their respective affiliates, acquires any oil and gas leasehold interest, whether by purchase, farm-in, contribution, forced pooling or otherwise, covering lands lying within the Program Area, the acquiring party shall promptly notify the non-acquiring party of such acquisition, describing the oil and gas leasehold interest acquired and detailing the actual, third-party out-of-pocket costs incurred and the value of any rights, leases, oil and gas interests or other property exchanged in connection with the acquisition of the acquired interest.  Such acquired interest shall be offered to the non-acquiring party on a heads up basis: sixty percent (60%) to Nytis and forty percent (40%) to Liberty.
 
 
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7.2            Election to Participate .  The non-acquiring party shall have a period of twenty (20) days after receipt of such notice to notify the acquiring party of the non-acquiring party’s election to participate or not in the ownership of the acquired oil and gas leasehold interest, with the failure of the non-acquiring party to notify the acquiring party within such twenty (20) day period to constitute an election not to participate.
 
7.3            Payment and Assignment of Interest .  In the event the non-acquiring party timely elects to participate in the acquired oil and gas leasehold interest, and unless any such working interests have previously been conveyed to such non-acquiring party, the acquired oil and gas leasehold interest shall become subject to this Agreement and the acquiring party shall promptly assign to the non-acquiring party its undivided percentage of the working interest acquired by the acquiring party in such oil and gas leasehold interest, subject only to the burdens in effect at the time the subject oil and gas leasehold interest was acquired.  Such assignment shall be substantially in the same form as Exhibit E attached hereto.  Upon receipt of such assignment, the non-acquiring party will pay to the acquiring party, in immediately available funds, the non-acquiring party’s share of the costs incurred in acquiring the acquired oil and gas leasehold interest (limited to actual, third-party out-of-pocket costs and the value of any rights, leases, oil and gas interests or other property exchanged therefor), in accordance with such party’s undivided percentage working interest.   For purposes of this Article VII , Liberty’s undivided percentage working interest shall be forty percent (40%) and Nytis’ undivided percentage working interest shall be sixty percent (60%).
 
7.4            Non-Participation .  In the event a non-acquiring party fails to timely elect to participate in acquired leasehold interest pursuant to Section 7.2 , then such oil and gas leasehold interest shall not in any manner be subject to the terms of this Agreement and shall be held solely by the acquiring party.
 
7.5            Replacement of Prior Contract Area .  Each of Nytis and Liberty acknowledges and agrees that the provisions contained in this Article VII shall replace in their entirety the provisions contained in Article VII of the Prior Participation Agreement (the “ Prior AMI Provisions ”).  Each of Liberty and Nytis further acknowledges and agrees that the Prior AMI Provisions shall terminate and be of no further force or effect, and that the provisions of this Article VII solely shall govern all subsequent acquisitions of acreage within the Program Area.
 
ARTICLE VIII
CONFIDENTIAL DATA AND INFORMATION
 
8.1            Confidential Information .  Nytis has provided Liberty with certain information, reports and data used in the evaluation of the subject matter of this Agreement. Subject to the terms of Section 8.2 , any party hereto may at any time utilize, and show and provide to third parties, copies of such information.
 
8.2            Limitations .  Except to the extent that such data may legally become a part of the public domain, all data and information acquired by the parties pursuant to this Agreement or supplied by one party to the other pursuant to this Agreement will be kept confidential and will be for the sole and exclusive use and benefit of the parties hereto; provided , however , the parties may disclose such data and information to their respective consultants and parties providing, or proposing to provide, financial accommodations to the disclosing party where each such recipient has (a) been advised of the confidential nature of such data and information and the obligations of the disclosing party with respect thereto hereunder, and (b) agreed to be bound by the terms of this Article VIII , it being understood and agreed that the disclosing party shall remain liable for any breach by any such recipient of the obligations of the disclosing party under this Article VIII .  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, any party may disclose Confidential Information (i) to other working interest owners under the Leases, if any, (ii) to third parties to the extent such information is required to be disclosed under applicable law, rule, order or regulation of any governmental entity having jurisdiction over such matters, (iii) to the extent requested by regulatory or self-regulatory authority, (iv) in connection with the exercise of any remedies hereunder or any suit, action or proceeding relating to this Agreement or the enforcement of rights hereunder, or (v) to an equity owner, director, officer, employee or agent of such party, including legal counsel, accountants and other advisors where each such recipient has (y) been advised of the confidential nature of such data and information and the obligations of the disclosing party with respect thereto hereunder and (z) such recipient is subject to enforceable obligations to keep such data and information confidential.
 
 
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ARTICLE IX
INSURANCE
 
The Operator will at all times and in connection with all work performed hereunder carry, for the account of the parties, the insurance specified on Exhibit “D” to the Operating Agreement and shall otherwise comply with the provisions of such Exhibit “D”.
 
ARTICLE X
INDEMNIFICATION
 
10.1            Application of Indemnities .  Indemnities shall apply as follows:
 
(a)           All indemnities set forth in this Agreement extend to the affiliates, partners, directors, managers, employees, members, shareholders, subsidiaries, permitted successors and permitted assigns of the indemnified party.  The indemnities set forth in this Agreement do not extend to any part of an indemnified claim that is the result of the gross negligence, willful misconduct or fraud of the indemnified party.
 
(b)           Neither Nytis nor Liberty shall be entitled to recover from the other party (or Carbon, as applicable), respectively, and each party releases the other party from and waives, any liabilities arising under this Agreement by reason of the breach thereof, or in connection with or with respect to the transactions contemplated in this agreement, any amount in excess of the actual compensatory damages suffered by such party. Each of Nytis and Liberty waive, and release each other (and Carbon, as applicable) from any right to recover punitive or exemplary damages arising in connection with or with respect to any breach hereof or as to the transactions contemplated in this Agreement; provided , however , any such damages recovered by a third party (other than a party’s affiliates) for which a party owes the other party an indemnity under this Agreement shall not be waived.
 
 
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(c)           The indemnities of the indemnifying party in this Agreement do not cover or include any amounts that the indemnified party may legally recoup from other third party owners under applicable joint operating agreements or other agreements, and for which the indemnified party is reimbursed by any third party.  If it is judicially determined that any provision of this indemnity is found to be in violation of state or federal law, such that the violation would render the entire Agreement void and unenforceable, said provision shall be amended automatically to comply with said law. In the event that such provision cannot be amended to comply with said law, the provision shall be disregarded, and the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not be affected.
 
10.2            Liberty Indemnity .  Liberty shall indemnify, defend and hold Nytis and Carbon harmless from and against any and all claims and liabilities caused by, resulting from or incidental to (a) any inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of Liberty set forth in this Agreement or (b) any breach of, or failure to perform or satisfy, any of the covenants and obligations of Liberty hereunder.
 
10.3            Nytis Indemnity .  Nytis and Carbon shall indemnify, defend and hold Liberty harmless from and against any and all claims and liabilities caused by, resulting from or incidental to (a) any inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of Nytis set forth in this Agreement, (b) any breach of, or failure to perform or satisfy, any of the covenants and obligations of Nytis hereunder which are to be performed after the execution of this Agreement, (c) the Existing Wells, and (d) any matter arising or resulting from the ownership and operation of the Leases prior to the Effective Date.  The liability of Nytis and Carbon pursuant to this Article X shall be joint and several.
 
10.4            Demand .  Each indemnified party hereunder agrees that promptly upon its discovery of facts giving rise to a claim for indemnity under the provisions of this Agreement, including receipt by it of notice of any demand, assertion, claim, action or proceeding, judicial or otherwise, by any third party (such third party actions being collectively referred to herein as the “ Indemnity Claim ”), with respect to any matter as to which it claims to be entitled to indemnity under the provisions of this Agreement, it will give prompt notice thereof in writing to the indemnifying party or parties, together with a statement of such information respecting any of the foregoing as it shall have.  Such notice shall include a formal demand for indemnification under this Agreement.  The indemnifying party or parties shall not be obligated to indemnify the indemnified party with respect to any Indemnity Claim if the indemnified party knowingly failed to notify the indemnifying party or parties thereof in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement in sufficient time to permit the indemnifying party or parties or its/their counsel to defend against such matter and to make a timely response thereto including, without limitation, any responsive motion or answer to a complaint, petition, notice or other legal, equitable or administrative process relating to the Indemnity Claim, only insofar as such knowing failure to notify the indemnifying party has actually resulted in prejudice or damage to the indemnifying party or parties.
 
10.5            Reimbursement .  The indemnifying party or parties shall pay to the indemnified party in immediately available funds any amounts to which the indemnified party may become entitled by reason of the provisions of this Article X , such payment to be made within five (5) days after any such amounts are finally determined either by mutual agreement of the parties hereto or pursuant to the final unappealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction.  In calculating any amount to be paid by an indemnifying party or parties by reason of the provisions of this Agreement, the amount shall be reduced by all tax benefits and other reimbursements credited to or received by the other party related to the damages.
 
 
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10.6            Survival .  The representations and warranties of the parties set forth in Section 5.1 shall survive the execution of this Agreement indefinitely.  All other representations and warranties of Nytis and Liberty made on the date of execution of this Agreement shall survive the execution of this Agreement for a period of two (2) years.  All other covenants and agreements contained in this Agreement shall survive the execution of this Agreement until this Agreement is terminated in accordance with Section 6.2 ; provided, however, that the indemnification provisions of this Article X shall survive the termination of this Agreement indefinitely.
 
10.7            Exclusive Remedy .  The terms and provisions of this Article X shall be the sole and exclusive remedy of each of the parties indemnified hereunder with respect to the representations, warranties, covenants and agreements of the parties set forth in this Agreement and the other documents executed and delivered hereunder.
 
10.8            Assumption of Liability .  Each party that is required to assume any obligation or liability of the other party pursuant to this Agreement or that is required to defend, indemnify or hold the other party harmless hereunder shall, notwithstanding any other provision hereof to the contrary, be entitled to the use and benefit of all defenses (legal and equitable) and counterclaims of such other party in defense of third party claims arising out of any such assumption or indemnification.
 
ARTICLE XI
RELATIONSHIP OF PARTIES
 
It is not the purpose or intention hereof to create any mining partnership, joint venture, general partnership or other partnership relation and none shall be inferred.  The parties understand and agree that their relationship hereunder is not one of partnership, association, trust, joint venture, mining partnership or entity of any kind.
 
ARTICLE XII
FORCE MAJEURE
 
If any party is rendered unable, wholly or in part, by force majeure to carry out its obligations under this Agreement, other than an obligation to make payments of money, such party shall give to the other party prompt written notice of the force majeure with reasonably full particulars concerning it; thereupon, the obligations of the party giving the notice, so far as they are affected by the force majeure, shall be suspended during, but no longer than, the continuance of the force majeure. The affected party shall use all reasonable diligence to remove the force majeure situation as quickly as practicable.  The requirement that any force majeure shall be remedied with all reasonable dispatch shall not require the settlement of strikes, lockouts or other labor difficulties by the party involved, contrary to its wishes; how any such difficulties shall be handled shall be entirely within the discretion of the party concerned.  The term “force majeure”, as here employed, shall mean an act of God, strike, lockout or other industrial disturbance, act of the public enemy, war, blockade, public riot, lightning, fire, storm, flood, explosion, governmental action, governmental delay, restraint or inaction, and any other cause, whether of the kind specifically enumerated above or otherwise, which is not reasonably within the control of the party claiming suspension.
 
 
16

 
 
ARTICLE XIII
MARKETING
 
Production of oil and gas for Liberty from the Wells drilled and completed by the parties in the Program Area shall be gathered, processed, treated, transported and marketed by Nytis, after reasonable consultation with Liberty, with no “mark-up” costs and/or internal fees from Nytis or its affiliates to Liberty; provided , however , that Nytis may charge Liberty the typical overhead fees relating to such activities included within the standard COPAS Accounting Procedure annexed to the Operating Agreement.
 
ARTICLE XIV
NOTICES
 
All notices and communication required or permitted under this Agreement shall be in writing, delivered to or sent by U.S. Mail or any other recognized overnight delivery service, postage or similar charges prepaid, or by facsimile, addressed as follows:
 
Nytis Exploration Company LLC
c/o Carbon Natural Gas Company
1700 Broadway, Suite 1170
Denver, CO 80290
Attn: Patrick R. McDonald
Telephone No. (720) 407-7032
Facsimile No. (720) 407-7031
 
with a copy to:
Nytis Exploration Company LLC
2480 Fortune Drive, Suite 300
Lexington, KY 40509
2480 Fortune Drive, Suite 300
Lexington, KY 40509
Attn: Mark Pierce
Telephone No. (859) 299-0771, ext. 301
Facsimile No. (859) 299-0772
 
Liberty Energy, LLC
c/o Old Ironsides Energy, LLC
10 St. James Avenue, 19 th Floor
Boston, MA 02116
Attn: Scott Carson
Telephone No. (617) 654-4595
Facsimile No. (617) 574-6920
 
 
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ARTICLE XV
CONFLICTS
 
In the event of any conflict between the provisions of this Agreement and the Operating Agreement, including the Exhibits attached thereto, the terms of this Agreement shall control.
 
ARTICLE XVI
SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS
 
This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns.  Neither party shall assign any of its rights and obligations under this Agreement, without the express written consent of the other party, such consent to not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned; provided , however , that no consent shall be required for an assignment in connection with (i) the sale of all or substantially all of such party’s assets or (ii) the merger or consolidation of such party in which such party is not the survivor, so long as (A) such assignee agrees to be bound by the provisions of this Agreement, and (B) such party shall promptly notify the other party prior to the making of such a permitted assignment.  No consent shall be required by a party for any mortgage of the other party’s interest herein.
 
ARTICLE XVII
GOVERNING LAW
 
This Agreement shall be construed under and in accordance with the laws of the State of Colorado, excluding any conflicts-of-law rule or principle that might apply the law of another jurisdiction.  The parties agree that venue for any dispute hereunder shall be in a Federal or state court in Denver County, Colorado.
 
ARTICLE XVIII
NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARY
 
Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer on any person other than the parties hereto any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities in and to the Wells, or the interest in lands included therein or pertaining thereto acquired hereunder, or otherwise, under or by reason of this Agreement.
 
ARTICLE XIX
PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENTS
 
Subject to applicable legal requirements, at all times during the term hereof, each party shall promptly advise and cooperate with the others before issuing, or permitting any of its affiliates, directors, officers, employees, managers, members or agents to issue any press release or other public announcement with respect to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
 
 
18

 
 
ARTICLE XX
FURTHER ASSURANCES
 
Each party agrees to deliver or cause to be delivered to the other parties at such times as shall be requested any additional instrument that the other may reasonably request for the purpose of carrying out this Agreement.
 
ARTICLE XXI
COUNTERPART EXECUTION
 
This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, no one of which need be executed by all parties but all of which shall constitute but one and the same instrument.
 
ARTICLE XXII
ENTIRE AGREEMENT
 
This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all other agreements, written or oral, between the parties with respect to such subject matter.
 
ARTICLE XXIII
CAPTIONS/HEADINGS
 
Any captions to or headings of the articles, sections, subsections, paragraphs or subparagraphs of this Agreement are solely for the convenience of the parties, are not a part of this Agreement and shall not be used for the interpretation or determination of validity of this Agreement or any provision hereof.
 
[Signatures Begin on the Following Page]
 
 
19

 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement effective as of the date first set forth above.
 
 
NYTIS EXPLORATION COMPANY LLC
 
         
 
By:
Nytis Exploration (USA) Inc., its Manager
         
   
By:
/s/ Patrick R. McDonald  
      Patrick R. McDonald, President  
 
 
LIBERTY ENERGY, LLC
 
         
 
By:
Old Ironsides Energy, LLC, on behalf of Liberty Energy, LLC, as its agent
         
   
By:
/s/ Scott E. Carson  
 
      Scott E. Carson, Managing Partner  
 
Acknowledged and agreed for purposes of Article X  only:
 
CARBON NATURAL GAS COMPANY
 
     
By:
/s/ Patrick R. McDonald
 
 
Patrick R. McDonald, President
Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
20

 
 
List of Exhibits and Schedules
 
Exhibit A *
Description of Leases
Exhibit B-1 *
Outline of Original Contract Area
Exhibit B-2 *
Outline of Program Area
Exhibit C *
Form of Operating Agreement
Exhibit D *
Form of Well AFEs
Exhibit E *
Form of Assignment
Exhibit F *
Existing Wells
Schedule 5.1 (c) *
Required Filings
Schedule 5.2 (e) *
Working Interest; Net Revenue Interests
Schedule 5.2 (f) *
Insurance
 
           * A copy of any omitted scheduled will be furnished supplementally to the Commission  upon request.
 
 
List of Exhibits and Schedules
 
 
21

 
Exhibit 2.4
 
ADDENDUM
TO
PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT

THIS ADDENDUM made this 26th day of February, 2014, by and between NYTIS EXPLORATION COMPANY LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ Nytis ”) and LIBERTY ENERGY, LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability company (“ Liberty ”).
 
WHEREAS , Nytis and Liberty entered into that certain Participation Agreement dated the 25 th day of February, 2014 (the “ Participation Agreement ”), for the purpose of Liberty participating in the development of oil and gas leases in portions of Boyd, Carter, Greenup and Lawrence Counties, Kentucky described in the Participation Agreement as the “ New Area ”.

WHEREAS , Nytis has leased or obtained leases of oil and gas interests in addition to those leases set forth in Exhibit A to the Participation Agreement known as the “Cimarex Farmout” acreage consisting of 1703.33 net mineral acres (Exhibit A – 1) (the “ Leases (Farmout )”) and has obtained consent to assign an interest in the Leases (Farmout) by Letter Agreement dated February 20, 2014 and executed on February 25, 2014 (Exhibit B) an interest in farmout to Liberty.

WHEREAS , Liberty desires to participate in the development of the additional oil and gas interests by paying a portion of the costs incurred by Nytis in exchange for forty percent (40%) of the undivided working interest in the leases.

NOW THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual promises and agreements set forth in the Participation Agreement and in this Addendum, Nytis and Liberty agree as follows:

1.            Purchase of Working Interest.

(a)           Upon execution of this Addendum, Liberty will pay to Nytis an amount equal to $350.00 per net mineral acre for forty percent (40%) of Nytis’ undivided working interest in the Leases (Farmout), which amount is $238,466.20 (the “ Farmout Payment ”).  The Farmout Payment shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated by Nytis no later than Friday, February 28, 2014.
 
(b)           In exchange for the Farmout Payment, Nytis shall make the assignments to Liberty set forth in the Participation Agreement and grant Liberty the right to participate for a forty percent (40%) working interest in the drilling, development and production of oil and gas from the Leases (Farmout) in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Participation Agreement.
 
All items not otherwise defined in this Addendum shall have the meaning ascribed to them in the Participation Agreement.  In the event there is a discrepancy between the provisions of this Addendum and the Participation Agreement, the provisions of the Participation Agreement shall control.  All other terms of the Participation Agreement, except as modified herein remain in full force and effect and are hereby ratified and confirmed by the parties.
 
 
 

 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Addendum effective as of the date first set forth above.
 
 
NYTIS EXPLORATION COMPANY LLC
 
         
 
By:
Nytis Exploration (USA) Inc., its Manager
         
   
By:
/s/ Patrick R. McDonald  
      Patrick R. McDonald, President  
 
 
LIBERTY ENERGY, LLC
 
         
 
By:
Old Ironsides Energy, LLC, on behalf of Liberty Energy, LLC, as its agent
         
   
By:
/s/ Scott E. Carson  
 
      Scott E. Carson, Managing Partner  
 
 
 

 
 
List of Exhibits
 
Exhibit A-1 *
Description of Leases
Exhibit B *
Letter Agreement

            * A copy of any omitted scheduled will be furnished supplementally to the Commission  upon request.
 
 

 
 

Exhibit 31.1

 

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

   

I, Patrick R. McDonald, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Carbon Natural Gas Company;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:


a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting;

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

 

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date:  November 14, 2014     /s/ Patrick R. McDonald
  Patrick R. McDonald
  Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

 

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

 

I, Kevin D. Struzeski, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Carbon Natural Gas Company;
     
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:


a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting;  

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

 

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date:  November 14, 2014 /s/ Kevin D. Struzeski
  Kevin D. Struzeski
  Chief Financial Officer

 

Exhibit 32.1 

 

CERTIFICATION OF
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
OF CARBON NATURAL GAS COMPANY
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

 

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and in connection with the accompanying report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2014 that is being filed concurrently with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the undersigned officer of Carbon Natural Gas Company (the "Company") hereby certifies that:

 

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date:  November 14, 2014     /s/ Patrick R. McDonald
  Patrick R. McDonald
  Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 32.2
 

CERTIFICATION OF
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
OF CARBON NATURAL GAS COMPANY
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

 

        Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and in connection with the accompanying report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2014 that is being filed concurrently with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the undersigned officer of Carbon Natural Gas Company (the "Company") hereby certifies that:

 

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date:  November 14, 2014 /s/ Kevin D. Struzeski
  Kevin D. Struzeski
  Chief Financial Officer