UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-K

 

(Mark One)

☒       Annual Report Under Section 13 Or 15(d) Of The Securities Exchange Act Of 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended  December 31, 2018

 

or

  

☐      Transition Report Under Section 13 Or 15(d) Of The Securities Exchange Act Of 1934

 

  For the transition period from _____ to _____

 

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 000-52446

 

ACTINIUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   74-2963609

(State or other jurisdiction of

 incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

 

275 Madison Avenue, 7 th Fl.

New York, NY 10016

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

 

(646) 677-3870

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class   Name of exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.001   NYSE American

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  ☐    No  ☒

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes  ☐    No  ☒

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ☒    No  ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Date File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of the chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  ☒    No  ☐

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company    

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the act): Yes  ☐    No  ☒

 

The aggregate market value of voting stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant as of June 29, 2018, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, based on the closing price of the common stock on the NYSE AMERICAN on June 29, 2018 was $70,693,197.

 

As of March 15, 2019, 119,136,036 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, were outstanding.

 

 

 

 

 

Table of Contents

 

    Page
PART I
Item 1. Business 1
Item 1A. Risk Factors 13
Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments 33
Item 2. Properties 33
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 33
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 33
     
PART II
     
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholders Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 34
Item 6. Selected Financial Data 35
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 36
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 43
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data F-1
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 44
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 44
Item 9B. Other Information 45
     
PART III
     
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 46
Item 11. Executive Compensation 60
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management 63
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 66
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 67
     
PART IV
     
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules 68
     
Signature Page 71

  

i

 

  

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Report”) contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, principally in the sections entitled “Description of Business,” “Risk Factors,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this Report, including statements regarding future events, our future financial performance, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology including “anticipates,” “believes,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “should,” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Although we do not make forward-looking statements unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the risks outlined under “Risk Factors” or elsewhere in this Report, which may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risk factors, nor can we address the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements.

 

You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement, each of which applies only as of the date of this Report. Before you invest in our securities, you should be aware that the occurrence of the events described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Report could negatively affect our business, operating results, financial condition and stock price. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Report to conform our statements to actual results or changed expectations.  

   

ii

 

  

PART I

 

Item 1. Business.  

 

Business Overview

 

Actinium Pharmaceuticals Inc. is a clinical-stage, biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and potentially commercializing therapies for targeted conditioning prior to cell therapies such as a BMT or Bone Marrow Transplant or CAR-T, a type of cellular therapy that genetically alters a patient’s own T cells to target and kill their cancer cells, and for other adoptive cell therapies. In addition, we are also developing potential therapies for targeting and killing of cancer cells either as single agents or in combination with other drugs. Our targeted therapies are Antibody Radiation-Conjugates or ARC’s, that combine the targeting ability of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) with the cell-killing ability of a radioisotope to deliver radiation internally in a precise manner to potentially generate more potent efficacy and with less toxicity than radiation that is delivered externally. We are developing two clinical stage ARC programs that target the antigens CD45 and CD33, respectively, that are currently being studied in several hematologic indications. We employ our ARCs at higher doses of radioisotope intensity for targeted conditioning prior to a BMT and at lower doses for targeted conditioning which is also known as lymphodepletion prior to CAR-T and other adoptive cell therapies. In addition, we are pursuing development of our ARC’s at low doses in combination with other therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy, targeted agents or immunotherapy and as a monotherapy. Our ARC based clinical programs are underpinned by our AWE or Antibody Warhead Enabling technology platform where we have data in both liquid and solid tumors, intellectual property and know-how that we intend to use to create additional ARCs targeting new antigens with multiple radioisotopes such as actinium-225 or Ac-225 or and iodine-131 or I-131. Our AWE technology platform is currently being utilized in a research collaboration with Astellas Pharma, Inc. centered around our technology for Ac-225.

 

Targeted Conditioning Pipeline

 

Our lead targeted conditioning product candidate is Iomab-B, an ARC that is comprised of the anti-CD45 mAb known as apamistamab or BC8 and the radioisotope iodine-131. CD45 is expressed on leukemia, lymphoma and nucleated immune cells with an average of 200,000 copies per cell but with minimal expression outside of the hematopoietic system. Iomab-B is currently being studied in the pivotal Phase 3 SIERRA or S tudy of I omab-B in E lderly R elapsed or R efractory A ML clinical trial for targeted conditioning prior to a BMT for patients with active, relapsed or refractory (r/r) Acute Myeloid Leukemia or AML who are over age 55. The SIERRA trial will compare outcomes of patients randomized to receive Iomab-B and a BMT (the study arm) to those patients randomized to receive physician’s choice of salvage chemotherapy (the control arm). Salvage chemotherapy is also defined as conventional care, as no standard of care exists for this patient population. Patients who fail to achieve a CR or Complete Response on the control arm are ineligible to proceed to a BMT but the trial design permits these patients to cross over to the study arm if they meet the eligibility criteria. The primary endpoint of the SIERRA trial is dCR (durable Complete Remission) of 6 months and the secondary endpoint is 1-year Overall Survival (OS). The SIERRA trial is currently active at 18 sites in the U.S and Canada that includes many of the leading BMT sites based on volume.

 

Safety and feasibility data from the first 38 patients enrolled on the SIERRA trial which represents 25% of the total of 150 patients to be enrolled in the trial, was presented in an oral presentation at the American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting in December 2018. It was reported that all patients initially randomized to the study arm that received a therapeutic dose of Iomab-B (18/18) received a BMT, with a median time to BMT of 28 days, and all patients achieved engraftment in a median time of 16 days despite a high median blast count of 30%. On the control arm, 4/19 patients received a BMT after receiving conventional care with a median time to BMT of 67 days and median blast count of 26%. Of the patients failing to achieve a CR with conventional care (15/19), 10 patients were eligible to cross over to the study arm. All cross over patients (10/10) received a BMT after receiving Iomab-B, with a median time to BMT of 66 days and all patients achieved engraftment in a median time of 17 days despite high median blast count of 45% at time of cross over. There was no (0/18) 100-day non-relapse mortality reported in the study arm, while 1 of 4 patients in the control arm and 1 of 10 cross over patients experienced 100-day non-relapse mortality.

 

Actimab-MDS is our second pivotal program for targeted conditioning. Actimab-MDS is an ARC comprised of the anti-CD33 mAb lintuzumab linked to the radioisotope Actinium-225. CD33 is expressed in a vast majority of patients with MDS. Actimab-MDS is informed by prior experience with our CD33 ARC in multiple trials for patients with AML, MDS and for patients that progressed from MDS to AML, which is also known as secondary AML. Data from these trials showed that our CD33 ARC had single-agent activity capable of producing CRs in certain patients at varying dose levels with minimal extramedullary toxicities. However, dose dependent myelosuppression was seen in many of these patients. Given this safety and efficacy profile, it was decided to pursue a trial in targeted conditioning in high-risk MDS patients with this ARC in combination with RIC or Reduced Intensity Conditioning regimens. RIC regimens are comprised of low doses of highly toxic chemotherapies such as fludarabine, cytarabine, busulfan and melphalan. Actimab-MDS is intended to enable targeted conditioning prior to a BMT in patients with MDS or Myelodysplastic Syndrome with poor or very poor cytogenetics, which is defined as having 3 or more chromosomal abnormalities. A bone marrow transplant is the only curative treatment option for these patients. However, these patients have poor outcomes due to high relapse rates following a BMT. We believe we have developed a pathway to a pivotal trial with input from the FDA that consists of a Phase 1 dose finding clinical trial that will be followed by a Phase 3 pivotal trial. We are currently finalizing the protocol and pathway for this trial with the FDA and expect to initiate the trial in 2019.

 

1

 

 

Our Iomab-ACT construct is a lower dose of Iomab-B (CD45 – I-131) that we are developing as a targeted conditioning or lymphodepletion agent prior to CAR-T and adoptive cell therapies. CD45 is an antigen expressed on many cells that are relevant to the mechanism of CAR-T therapies including lymphocytes, regulatory T cells and macrophages that have been associated with clinical responses that limit the safety and efficacy of these CAR-T therapies including CRS or Cytokine Release Syndrome, neurotoxicity and durability of response. Some of these limitations may be attributable to the chemotherapy based conditioning agents that are being used currently prior to CAR-T therapies. Actinium’s Iomab-ACT program is highly differentiated when compared to Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide or Flu/Cy or other chemotherapy-based regimens that are used as the standard of practice today for lymphodepletion prior to CAR-T. Unlike chemotherapy, Iomab-ACT is targeted in nature and due to this targeted effect, we expect can improve CAR-T cell expansion more efficiently, potentially resulting in responses that are more durable and also with reduced CAR-T related toxicities. Importantly, the Iomab-ACT program construct enables lymphodepletion through a single-dose, outpatient administration versus Flu/Cy or other chemo-based lymphodepletion regimens that can require multiple infusions in an inpatient setting over several days. Because of this potentially superior profile, the Iomab-ACT construct could result in improved access to CAR-T therapy and also better outcomes.

 

CD33 ARC Therapeutics and Combinations

 

We are applying our CD33 targeting ARC product candidate lintuzumab-Ac-225 to multiple hematologic indications as CD33 is an antigen that has been found to be expressed in a vast majority of patients with AML and MDS and 25-35% of patients with Multiple Myeloma. Our CD33 development program is examining the construct at various dose levels and dosing regimens either alone or in combination in these various disease indications. We currently have multiple clinical trials ongoing, in startup phase, or in planning, to use our CD33 ARC in combination with other therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy, targeted agents or immunotherapy. We believe that radiation can be synergistic when used in combination with these modalities based on our own clinical data, preclinical research and supporting scientific evidence in the literature. We are also studying our CD33 ARC as a monotherapy in the case of multiple myeloma. The construct has been designated as Actimab and we add a suffix to clarify the trial for the disease area and if needed the combination. For example, in AML, our recently concluded phase 2 trial as a single agent named Actimab-A (A for AML) and our ongoing trial in AML in combination with venetoclax is called the Actimab-A: Ven trial. Our CD33 ARC development program encompasses the following ongoing and planned trials:

 

Combination Trials :

 

- Phase 1 Actimab-A: Ven combination trial with the BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax (Abbvie/Genentech) for patients with relapsed or refractory AML at the UCLA Medical center.
     
- Phase 1 Actimab-A: CLAG-M combination trial with the salvage chemotherapy regimen CLAG-M (cladribine, cytarabine, filgrastim and mitoxantrone) for patients with relapsed or refractory AML at the Medical College of Wisconsin.
     
- Phase 1 Actimab-A: Ven+HMA Combination trial with the BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax (Abbvie/Genentech) and a hypomethylating Agent (HMA) for patients with relapsed or refractory AML planned at the MD Anderson Cancer center.

 

Therapeutic Trials :

 

- Multi-center Phase 1 Actimab-M trial for patients with penta-refractory multiple myeloma.
     
- Planned Phase 1 trial of Actimab-A: MRD for post-remission AML patients with positive MRD or Minimal Residual Disease.

 

Antibody Warhead Enabling Technology Platform

 

Our proprietary Antibody Warhead Enabling or AWE Technology Platform is supported by intellectual property, know-how and trade secrets that cover the generation, development, methods of use and manufacture of ARC or Antibody Radiation-Conjugates and certain of their components. Our AWE technology patent portfolio includes 27 patent families comprised of 110 issued and pending patent applications, of which 11 are issued and 18 pending in the United States, and 81 are issued and pending internationally the useful life of which ranges from 2019 to 2039. Our proprietary technology enables the direct labeling, or conjugation and labeling of a biomolecular targeting agent to a radionuclide warhead and its development and use as a therapeutic regimen for the treatment of diseases such as cancer. Our intellectual property covers ARC compositions of matter, formulations, methods of administration, and radionuclide production. Further, our AWE intellectual property covers various methods of use for ARCs in multiple diseases, including indication, dose and scheduling, radionuclide warhead, and therapeutic combinations. In addition, due to the renewed focus on research and technology development in 2017 and 2018, we expect the useful life of new intellectual property filed by the company, if granted, to extend well beyond the current dates in several key areas including for next-generation ARC’s of approved therapeutics, combination treatments and targeted radiation approaches using the isotopes Ac-225, and I-131.

 

2

 

 

Our proprietary technology includes methods of conjugation, labeling and use of the radionuclides Ac-225 and I-131. Our technology covers the use of the “gold standard” chelator DOTA, (tetracarboxylic acid), an organic compound used to attach, or conjugate, the radionuclide Ac-225 to monoclonal antibodies and any conceivable derivative thereof. Additionally, we possess intellectual property protection, know-how and trade secrets covering efficient methods of chelation and labeling of the targeting agent with Ac-225 as well as newer next-generation methods of chelation or labeling. We are conducting preclinical research with our AWE Technology Platform to demonstrate proof of concept in liquid and solid tumors for various indications including targeted conditioning, lymphodepletion, combinations of ARC’s with other modalities and as monotherapies to enable research collaborations, partnerships and expand our development pipeline. In March 2018, we entered into a collaborative research agreement with Astellas Pharma, Inc. (Astellas) that is utilizing our AWE technology platform to create ARCs using the Ac-225 isotope and select targeting agents owned by Astellas. In January 2019, we initiated the second module of our research collaboration with Astellas.

 

Our research pipeline including ongoing and planned clinical trials are summarized below:

 

 

 

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center is currently studying the BC8 antibody in clinical trials. Trials at the Medical College of Wisconsin, UCLA Health and MD Anderson Cancer Center are investigator-initiated trials using our product candidates. We have entered into a collaborative research partnership with Astellas for the use of our AWE Technology Platform.

 

Business Strategy 

 

We intend to develop our product candidates for targeted conditioning (Iomab-B and Actimab-MDS) and lymphodepletion (Iomab-ACT) through registration studies and approval either alone or in partnership. If our efforts are successful, we may elect to commercialize our targeted conditioning products on our own, or in partnership in the United States and out-license the rights to develop and commercialize these products to one or more strategic partners outside of the United States. If we elect to commercialize one or more of our targeted conditioning product candidates independently, we intend to scale up our existing supply chain capabilities, which currently supplies in excess of 18 BMT Centers and major hospitals across our pipeline, into a commercial distribution network that can supply the top 50-80 bone marrow transplant centers in the U.S., where a majority of patients are conditioned and receive their transplants. In the case of our CD33 program trials excluding the Actimab-MDS opportunity, we intend to potentially develop these up to proof-of-concept and then seek collaborators both inside and out of the U.S. We also have the option, assuming successful monetization of one or more targeted conditioning assets via commercialization or collaboration, of developing and commercializing all or certain parts of the CD33 program ourselves. We believe this is a viable strategy as it affords operating leverage from our supply chain and presence at the largest BMT centers which also account for a significant portion of cancer treatments. In parallel, we intend to continue to identify development opportunities with our AWE Technology Platform and extend our leadership position in the use of the radioisotope Ac-225. Our efforts at further developing our platform center around arming additional targeting agents for various cancers and rare diseases, producing next generation ARC’s of approved therapies, and exploring novel combination approaches that have the potential of replacing external beam radiation with ARC’s that enable delivery of targeted radiation directly to desired site of action. We will continue to monetize our AWE platform via collaborations and partnerships as we have done with Astellas Inc. We intend to retain marketing rights for our products in the United States whenever possible and out-license marketing rights to our partners for the rest of the world. We may also seek to in license other applicable opportunities should such technology become available.

 

3

 

 

Market Opportunity 

 

We believe that targeted conditioning prior to a BMT could result in improved access and outcomes for patients, as well as provide a pharmacoeconomic benefit. The Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) estimates that more than 23,000 patients received an autologous or allogeneic BMT in the United States in 2018. The American Cancer Society estimates that approximately 174,250 patients will be diagnosed with leukemia, lymphoma or multiple myeloma and that approximately 1.34 million patients in the United States are living with or are in remission from these diseases. According to the European Bone Marrow Transplantation, over 35,000 autologous and allogeneic BMTs were performed in 2016. BMT is a potentially curative or potentially best treatment option for certain patients with these blood-borne cancers, blood disorders and inherited immune system disorders and we intend to develop our ARC product candidates with the goal of improving BMT access and outcomes for these patients. We believe that eliminating or reducing chemotherapy-based conditioning prior to BMT can significantly increase the number of patients receiving BMT and that targeted conditioning can result in less toxicities that could lead to better outcomes. According to a study published in the Journal of Medical Economics, real-world economic burden of hematopoietic cell transplantation among a large US commercially insured population with hematologic malignancies, the healthcare cost for patients receiving an autologous BMT were $390,000 while the healthcare costs for patients receiving an allogeneic BMT were $745,000. We believe that reduction in toxicities and resulting hospital stays associated with current chemotherapy-based conditioning regimens could reduce these costs. We intend to collect pharmacoeconomic data in our current and future clinical trials for Iomab-B and other targeted conditioning product candidates to determine if our therapies result in a cost benefit. Iomab-B has demonstrated efficacy in targeted conditioning prior to a BMT for blood cancer indications, including AML, MDS, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) and Multiple Myeloma. These are indications for which Iomab-B can be developed and it is our intention to explore these opportunities.

 

We are also developing our Iomab-ACT program, which uses a lower dose of Iomab-B, as a targeted conditioning or lymphodepletion agent prior to CAR-T and adoptive cell therapies. There are currently two approved CAR-T therapies and several dozen CAR-T and adoptive cell therapies in development for multiple hematologic and solid tumor indications. We intend for Iomab-ACT to be utilized as a lymphodepletion agent prior to CAR-T and adoptive cell therapy that can replace or displace the chemotherapy based lymphodepletion regimens that are used in standard practice today.

 

For our CD33 program drug candidates, we would compete in the marketplace for cancer treatments estimated to have reached over $83 billion in 2016 sales, according to “The Global Use of Medicines: Outlook Through 2016 Report by the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics, July 2012”. While surgery, radiation and chemotherapy remain staple treatments for cancer, their use is limited by the fact that they often cause substantial damage to normal cells. On the other hand, targeted monoclonal antibody therapies exert most or all of their effect directly on cancer cells, but often lack sufficient killing power to eradicate all cancer cells with just the antibody. A relatively newer approach for treating cancer is to combine the precision of antibody-based targeting agents with the killing power of radiation, or chemotherapy, by attaching powerful killing agents to precise molecular carriers called monoclonal antibodies. We use mAbs labeled with radioisotopes to deliver potent doses of radiation directly to cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues. The radioisotopes we use are the alpha emitter Ac-225 and the beta emitter I-131. I-131 is among the best known and well characterized radioisotopes. It is used very successfully in the treatment of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer as well as other thyroid conditions. I -131 is used in combination with a monoclonal antibody in treatment of NHL and is used in the approved drug AZEDRA ® (iobenguane I -131) for the treatment of certain neuroendocrine tumors. It is also used experimentally with different carriers in other cancers. Ac-225 has many unique properties and we believe we are a leader in developing this alpha particle emitting radioisotope for clinical applications using our proprietary AWE technology platform.   

  

Clinical Trials

 

Targeted Conditioning

 

We are focused on applying our ARC product candidates for targeted conditioning prior to cell therapies such as BMT and CAR-T to improve access and outcomes to these important and potentially curative treatments. A BMT may be the only potentially curative treatment option or the best treatment option for patients with blood cancers such as leukemias, lymphomas and multiple myeloma, benign blood or marrow disorders such as inherited immune system disorders, sickle cell disease and severe aplastic anemia. Conditioning is an integral step prior to BMT or an adoptive cell therapy such as CAR-T where the current standard practice is chemotherapy and/or total body irradiation via external radiation. In the case of BMT, conditioning is intended to eliminate a patient’s bone marrow and immune system to allow transplanted bone marrow stem cells the ability to engraft and reconstitute the patient’s blood counts and immune function. We are currently conducting two clinical trials for product candidates focused on targeted conditioning for BMT, a pivotal phase 3 trial for Iomab-B and our pivotal Actimab-MDS program, both of which are first in their class. In our Iomab-ACT program we are studying a lower dose of apamistamab – I-131 for targeted conditioning prior to CAR-T and cell therapy to enable lymphodepletion, which eliminates lymphocytes and other immune cells but spares bone marrow stem cells.

 

4

 

 

Iomab-B Pivotal Phase 3 Program – SIERRA Trial

 

 We licensed Iomab-B from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, or FHCRC, where it was developed and studied extensively in numerous clinical trials in a range of hematologic indications and patient populations. Iomab-B consists of the anti-CD45 monoclonal antibody apamistamab (BC8) and the beta emitting radioisotope Iodine-131 (I-131). Apamistamab has been studied in over 10 Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials in patients with AML, MDS, ALL, multiple myeloma and lymphomas in patients with newly diagnosed, relapsed or refractory and first remission disease.

 

Previous Iomab-B clinical trials leading to our current pivotal Phase 3 trial included:

 

Indications   N   Key Findings
         
Advanced ALL, AML, MDS   44   - 95% engraftment rate
 (age 16 – 55)        
         
Advanced AML/ALL   21   – Median overall survival 2.8 years
(age 15 – 55)        
         
AML 1st remission/1 st relapse   46   – 100% engraftment rate
(age 16-50)       – 63% 3-year overall survival
         
Relapsed/Refractory AML/High-risk MDS   68 in dose escalation study   –100% engraftment rate
(age 50+)   31 treated at MTD   –1-year survival ~40% for all patients
         
Relapsed/Refractory AML and High-risk MDS
(age 18–50)
  16  

-94% engraftment rate

- Median overall survival 4.4 years

         
Relapsed/Refractory lymphoma   15    – 100% engraftment rate
– 18-month median overall survival
         
Relapsed/Refractory AML/Advanced ALL, HR MDS    25  

- 100% engraftment rate

- 42% 1-year overall survival

         
Multiple Myeloma   15  

- 100% engraftment rate

- 77% 2-year overall survival

         
Relapsed/Refractory AML and HR MDS   15  

- 100% engraftment rate

- 66% 1-year overall survival

         

High-risk lymphoma

(with BEAM chemotherapy)

  19  

- 100% engraftment rate

- 63% 1-year progression free survival

         
High-risk AML, ALL or MDS   Ongoing    

 

5

 

 

The indication selected for our pivotal phase 3 trial is bone marrow conditioning for patients with active, relapsed or refractory AML over the age of 55. We selected this indication because of the compelling data from the phase 2 proof of concept trial that showed improved survival after Iomab-B and a BMT compared to historical clinical outcomes when they received conventional care or salvage chemotherapy. In addition, the choice of this indication is also attractive due to a combination of factors including; the lack of available effective treatment options for this population of patients who have a very poor survival prognosis of 3.3 months and who are currently ineligible for a bone marrow transplant due to their poor condition and advanced state of disease.

 

Pivotal Phase 3 SIERRA Trial

 

We are currently studying Iomab-B in the SIERRA or Study of Iomab-B in Elderly Relapsed or Refractory AML clinical trial, a 150-patient pivotal Phase 3 multi-center randomized trial that will compare outcomes of patients who receive Iomab-B and a BMT (the study arm) to those patients receiving physician’s choice of salvage chemotherapy (the control arm). Salvage chemotherapy is defined as conventional care, as no standard of care exists for this patient population. Patients randomized to receive the control arm who do not achieve a Complete Remission (CR) are able to cross over to the study arm and receive Iomab-B and a BMT if they meet certain eligibility criteria. Patients with active, relapsed or refractory AML have dismal prognoses and are typically not offered potentially curative transplant as an option, largely because salvage treatments have a limited ability to produce a complete remission, which is necessary prior to conventional BMT if conventional BMT is to be successful. The SIERRA trial is the only pivotal trial offering BMT as an option to patients with active, relapsed or refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia age 55 and above. The primary endpoint of the SIERRA trial is dCR or durable Complete Remission of 6 months and the secondary endpoint is 1-year Overall Survival (OS). The SIERRA trial is currently enrolling patients at 18 sites in the U.S and Canada that includes many of the leading BMT sites based on volume. 

 

Safety and feasibility data from the first 38 patients (25% of planned enrollment) in the SIERRA trial were presented in an oral presentation at the 61 st American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting & Exposition and in a late breaking oral session at the 2019 Transplantation & Cellular Therapy Meetings™ of ASBMT and CIBMTR (TCT Meetings). It was reported that all patients receiving a therapeutic dose of Iomab-B engrafted despite active disease with high blast counts with median blast counts of 30% for patients randomized to the Iomab-B arm and a median of 45% for patients that crossed over to receive Iomab-B. 15 of 19 (79%) patients in the control arm failed to achieve a complete response and 67% (10/15) of these patients were eligible for crossover with all (10/10) being successfully transplanted after treatment with Iomab-B. Patients receiving Iomab-B received a BMT more quickly post-randomization (28 days) than patients receiving conventional care (67 days) and in the conventional care arm, there was no difference in time to BMT for patients that crossed over to Iomab-B (66 days) compared to those achieving complete remission with conventional care (67 days). No Grade 3 or 4 Iomab-B infusion related reactions with all Iomab-B infusions completed and there was no 100-Day non-relapse mortality in patients randomized to Iomab-B arm. Approximately 94% of patients initially randomized to receive Iomab-B and a BMT (17/18) achieved Full Donor Chimerism and 90% of patients who crossed-over to receive Iomab-B and a BMT (9/10), after salvage chemotherapy in the control arm failed to produce a CR or Complete Response, also achieved Full Donor Chimerism prior to day 100. Additional safety and feasibility analyses will occur when 76 (50%) and 114 (75%) of patients have been enrolled.

 

Actimab-MDS Program

 

Our Actimab-MDS pivotal program is studying our CD33 ARC that consists of the anti-CD33 mAb lintuzumab conjugated with the radioisotope Ac-225, which has been studied in multiple Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials in patients with AML and MDS. In 2018, we completed the Phase 2 Actimab-A clinical trial of our CD33 ARC in patients newly diagnosed with AML age 60 and above ineligible for standard induction therapy. Each patient in a dose cohort received fractionated doses a week apart. Single agent activity was reported with an Overall Response Rate or ORR of 69% for patients receiving 2.0 µCi/kg/fraction and 22% in patients receiving 1.5 µCi/kg/fraction. Minimal extramedullary toxicities were observed; however, myelosuppression was a Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT) that was observed at both dose cohorts. The Actimab-MDS pivotal program is designed to leverage the observed myelosuppression capabilities and minimal extramedullary toxicities of our CD33 ARC as a targeted conditioning agent prior to a BMT in MDS patients with poor or very poor cytogenetics, which is defined as having 3 or more chromosomal mutations. In this patient population, BMT is the only treatment option with curative potential and a BMT also has the ability to reverse myelosuppression as transplanted cells can reconstitute the patient’s blood and immune function.

 

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We met with the FDA to discuss our Actimab-MDS program and based on these discussions we will conduct a Phase 1 dose confirming study that will be followed by a pivotal, randomized registration trial. The Phase 1 trial will enroll 7-18 patients where patients will receive 2.0 – 4.0 µCi/kg of lintuzumab – Ac-225 in a single infusion. The pivotal, randomized registration trial will study our CD33 ARC in combination with RIC or Reduced Intensity Conditioning regimens prior to bone marrow transplant. RIC regimens are comprised of low doses of highly toxic chemotherapies such as fludarabine, cytarabine, busulfan and melphalan.

 

Iomab-ACT Program

 

Our Iomab-ACT program uses a lower dose of Iomab-B (CD45 – I-131) that we are developing as a targeted conditioning agent for lymphodepletion prior to CAR-T and adoptive cell therapies. Currently, lymphodepletion for CAR-T and adoptive cell therapies utilizes Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide or Flu/Cy and other chemotherapies. The dose range for the Iomab-ACT program is supported by clinical data with Iomab-B, pharmacokinetic modeling and preclinical data supporting its effectiveness at selective targeting of cells necessary to achieve effective lymphodepletion. In February 2019, we presented data from our preclinical findings at the 2019 Transplantation & Cellular Therapy Meetings™ of ASBMT and CIBMTR (TCT Meetings) that showed that a single infusion of an anti-CD45 antibody labelled with Iodine-131 can effectively deplete greater than 90% of lymphocytes, including CD4 and CD8 T cells, CD19 B cells and NK cells, which is necessary for adoptive cell therapies like CAR-T to expand and persist. Tregs or regulatory T cells, including CD4+, CD25+ and FoxP3+ Tregs, which can exert negative pressure on cell therapy expansion and persistence, were suppressed for at least 21 days post lymphodepletion with Iomab-ACT. The multi-modal mechanism of action directed at CD45 expressing cells also depleted macrophages, which are implicated in the development of CRS or Cytokine Release Syndrome, and splenocytes while red blood cells, platelets, neutrophils and bone marrow stem cells were preserved. Additionally, MicroSPECT/CT imaging showed that Iomab-ACT homed to immune privileged sites including lymph nodes, spleen, liver and bone marrow. Finally, an in vivo animal model showed that adoptively transferred cytotoxic T cells persisted in mice following administration of CD45 targeted lymphodepletion and were able to control tumor cells compared to untreated mice. We intend to study our Iomab-ACT program in a human clinical trial in 2019. We are currently speaking with potential investigators and collaborators from academia and industry and evaluating possible clinical trial protocols.

 

CD33 ARC Therapeutics and Combinations

 

We are developing our ARC product candidate that consists of the anti-CD33 mAb lintuzumab and the radioisotope Ac-225 for multiple hematologic malignancies including AML, MDS and Multiple Myeloma. The CD33 development program is examining the construct at various dose levels and dosing regimens either alone or in combination in these various disease indications. Our CD33 ARC is a second-generation construct that was developed at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, or MSKCC. The first-generation product consisted of the same monoclonal antibody lintuzumab but utilized the radioisotope bismuth-213 or Bi-213. In preclinical and Phase 1 clinical studies lintuzumab-Ac-225 has demonstrated at least 500-1000 times higher potency than the first-generation predecessor lintuzumab-Bi-21 upon which it is based. This difference is due to intrinsic physicochemical properties of lintuzumab-Ac-225 that were first established in vitro, in which lintuzumab-Ac-225 killed multiple cell lines at doses at least 1,000 times lower based on LD50 values than lintuzumab-Bi-213 analogs. Key factors in lintuzumab-Ac-225’s higher potency is the yield of 4 alpha-emitting isotopes per Ac-225 compared to 1 alpha decay for bismuth 213 and much longer half-life of 10 days for Ac-225 vs 46 minutes for Bi-213.

 

We currently have multiple clinical trials ongoing, in startup phase, or in planning, to use our CD33 ARC in combination with other therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy, targeted agents or immunotherapy. We believe that radiation can be synergistic when used in combination with these modalities based on our own clinical data, preclinical research and supporting scientific evidence in the literature. We are also studying our CD33 ARC as a monotherapy in the case of multiple myeloma. The construct has been designated as Actimab and we add a suffix to clarify the trial for the disease area and if needed the combination. For example, in AML, our recently concluded phase 2 trial as a single agent named Actimab-A (A for AML) and our ongoing trial in AML in combination with venetoclax is called the Actimab-A: Ven trial. Our CD33 ARC development program encompasses the following ongoing and planned trials.

 

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Combination Trials :

 

Phase 1 Actimab-A combination trial with the BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax for patients with relapsed or refractory AML

 

We have initiated a Phase 1 investigator initiated clinical trial at the UCLA Medical Center that will study our CD33 ARC in combination with Venetoclax (VEN), a BCL-2 inhibitor that is jointly developed and marketed by Abbvie and Genentech. Venetoclax is approved for patients with CLL or Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and SLL or Small Lymphocytic Leukemia as well as patients newly diagnosed with AML who are 75 and older who are ineligible for standard chemotherapy in combination with a hypomethylating agent or low-dose cytarabine. BCL-2 is one of several proteins encoded by the BCL2 gene family, which regulates apoptosis or programmed cell death. MCL-1 is another protein encoded by the BCL2 gene family that is also overexpressed in cancers, including relapsed or refractory AML, that prevents apoptosis and promotes resistance to venetoclax, which does not bind to MCL-1. It has been demonstrated that MCL-1 levels can be depleted with radiation but only external radiation was used in these studies. In our preclinical studies, it was demonstrated that our CD33 ARC combined with venetoclax resulted in increased cancer cell death than either agent alone. Our Actiamb-A: VEN trial will study our CD33 ARC in combination with Venetoclax alone and will be a 3+3 dose-escalation study that is intended to determine the MTD or maximum tolerable dose of our CD33 ARC, determine ORR and evaluate OS.

 

Phase 1 Actimab-A combination trial with salvage chemotherapy regimen CLAG-M (cladribine, cytarabine, filgrastim and mitoxantrone) for patients with relapsed or refractory AML

 

We are conducting a Phase 1 investigator initiated clinical trial at the Medical College of Wisconsin that is studying our CD33 ARC in combination with the CLAG-M salvage chemotherapy regimen in patients with relapsed or refractory AML. Our Actimab-A: CLAG-M trial is a 3+3 design, dose escalation study evaluating safety and tolerability, response rates, rates of BMT, PFS or progression-free survival and OS. Dosing began at 0.25 uCi/kg and in February 2019, we announced that we successfully completed the first patient cohort and that no dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed. We have initiated the second patient cohort in which patients will receive 0.50 uCi/kg of Actimab-A. Assuming no DLTs are observed in the second cohort, the study will progress to the third and final cohort where patients will receive a dose of 0.75 uCi/kg.

 

Phase 1 Actimab-A Combination trial with BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax and a Hypomethylating Agent for patients with relapsed or refractory AML

 

We intend to initiate a Phase 1 investigator-initiated trial at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center that will study our CD33 ARC in combination with Venetoclax and a hypomethylating agent for patients with relapsed or refractory AML. Venetoclax is approved for patients newly diagnosed with AML who are 75 and older who are ineligible for standard chemotherapy in combination with a hypomethylating agent or low-dose cytarabine. Similar to our combination trial with Venetoclax alone, this Actimab-A: VEN+HMA trial will study the potential for our CD33 ARC to reduce MCL-1 levels thereby removing a potential resistance mechanism to Venetoclax making the AML cells susceptible to apoptosis or programmed cell death. This trial will be a 3+3 design, dose-escalation study that is intended to determine the MTD or maximum tolerable dose of our CD33 ARC, determine ORR and evaluate OS.

 

Therapeutic Trials :

 

Multi-center Phase 1 Actimab-M trial for patients with penta refractory multiple myeloma

 

CD33 expression has been identified in 25-35% of patients with multiple myeloma. Like other hematologic malignances, multiple myeloma is sensitive to radiation. Therefore, we are studying our CD33 ARC in patients with penta refractory multiple myeloma in the multi-center Phase 1 Actimab-M open label, dose escalation trial which is a 3+3 design, dose-escalation study. This trial was initiated as an investigator sponsored study at one site but the was subsequently brought in house and is now being pursued under company IND as a multi-center trial. Per the protocol, patients are administered a starting dose level of 0.5 μCi/Kg via infusion on day 1 of each cycle for up to 8 cycles with each cycle lasting 42 days. Assuming safety at this dose level, escalation to a second dose level of 1.0 μCi/kg for up to 4 cycles, also of 42 days per cycle is planned. The total dose received per patient is not to exceed 4.0 μCi/kg. In the event of dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) at the 0.5 μCi/Kg dose level, a dose level of 0.25 μCi/Kg will be explored. The Phase 1 trial will estimate maximum tolerated dose (MTD), assess adverse events, measure response rates (objective response rate, complete response rate, stringent complete response rate, very good partial response rate and partial response rate) as well as progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). To our knowledge, we are the only company developing a CD33 targeting agent for patients with multiple myeloma and the only company studying an alpha-particle (Actinium-225) radioisotope in this indication.

 

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Phase 1 trial of Actimab-A for post-remission AML patients with positive MRD or Minimal Residual Disease

 

We are planning a Phase 1 clinical trial that will study our CD33 ARC in patients with AML that have achieved remission but have detectable MRD. Patients with detectable MRD after achieving remission with induction therapy have a higher probability of relapse and therefore poorer long-term outcomes. Consolidation therapy often follows induction therapy that today consists of chemotherapy, HMAs, targeted agents, BMT or supportive care. However, following induction therapy patients may be ineligible or unable to tolerate these therapies. This planned Actimab-A: MRD trial will be a 3+3 design, dose escalation study where patients will receive a single infusion of a low dose (0.5 – 1.0 μCi/Kg) of our CD33 ARC for up to 4 cycles with patients being assessed for MRD status on day 29 ± 7 days. This study will evaluate safety and tolerability and establish MTD as well as assess effect on MRD, PFS and OS. The goal of our efforts in patients with detectable MRD is to use our CD33 ARC to prevent relapse and put the patient’s disease in a manageable chronic state with a chemotherapy free treatment that is well tolerated with minimal extramedullary toxicities.

 

Antibody Warhead Enabling Technology Platform and Program

 

Our proprietary Antibody Warhead Enabling or AWE Technology Platform is supported by intellectual property, know-how and trade secrets that cover the generation, development, methods of use and manufacture of ARC or Antibody Radiation-Conjugates and certain of their components. As of March 2019, we have 27 patent families comprising 110 issued and pending patent applications, of which 11 are issued and 18 are pending in the United States that are related to our AWE Technology Platform in the U.S. having expirations between 2019 and 2039 and 81 issued or pending patents outside of the U.S. Our proprietary technology enables the direct labeling, or conjugation and labeling of a biomolecular targeting agent to a radionuclide warhead and its development and use as a therapeutic regimen for the treatment of diseases such as cancer. Our intellectual property covers ARC compositions of matter, formulations, methods of administration, and radionuclide production. Further, our AWE intellectual property covers various methods of use for ARCs in multiple diseases, including indication, dose and scheduling, radionuclide warhead, and therapeutic combinations. In addition, due to the renewed focus on research and technology development in 2017 and 2018, we expect the useful life of new intellectual property filed by the company, if granted, to extend well beyond the current dates in several key areas including for next generation ARCs, combination treatments and targeted radiation approaches using the isotopes Ac-225 and I-131.

 

In March 2017, we announced the availability of our proprietary AWE Technology Platform for partnerships and collaborations. In tandem, we demonstrated the utility of the AWE Technology Platform intellectual property, know-how and trade secrets to generate a next generation ARC of an approved therapeutic molecule by generating preclinical results showing the dramatic enhancement in anti-tumor potency following the conjugation and labeling of a therapeutic antibody, daratumumab, with Ac-225. Daratumumab is an anti-CD38 antibody which is marketed by Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) under the trade name Darzalex ® for the treatment of multiple myeloma. We successfully demonstrated the efficient labeling daratumumab with Ac-225 without compromising CD38 target engagement and antibody effector function. Furthermore, pre-clinical testing of the Ac-225-daratumumab asset in an in vivo xenograft tumor model was also performed. Specifically, Ac-225-daratumumab was well tolerated in mice and was shown to increase the in vivo potency over naked daratumumab by at least 30-fold and led to a survival advantage in this model.

 

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We applied our AWE Technology Platform to the development of our Iomab-ACT program. The patent estate related to our Iomab-ACT program covers composition of matter, formulation and methods of use. Actinium believes this patent estate is important to potential partners in industry and academia as it may enable the optimization of CAR-Ts through improved lymphodepletion, which may not be possible with Flu/Cy given patents that exist on its use in conjunction with CAR-T. In addition, the patent estate is broad and is applicable to indications where CAR-Ts have already been approved and to emerging indications that the growing field of CAR-T developers are pursuing such as solid tumors. Key filings of the estate cover claims including composition and methods of use in targeted lymphodepletion prior to adoptive cell therapies such as CAR-T with autologous and allogeneic cell therapy in solid or hematologic cancer indications. The filings also include methods of use for targeted lymphodepletion in combination with genetically engineered CAR cells, including those that lack expression of endogenous checkpoint receptors or T cell receptors and targeted conditioning in preparation for administration of gene edited cell therapy for the treatment of non-malignant inherited genetic disorders.

 

We have led and successfully demonstrated the adaptability and robust labeling that can be achieved with the AWE Technology Platform. AWE-derived ARCs provide versatility in use as demonstrated by the applicability as anti-cancer therapies as single agents or in combination, but also as modalities for targeted conditioning prior to cell therapies such as bone marrow transplant or adoptive cell therapies. Moreover, the AWE Program provides a potential partner with access to the technology, the know-how, and the capabilities and facilities to execute on ARC generation and development. The studies with daratumumab-Ac-225 provides one example of the enhanced therapeutic effect that can be achieved from the utilization of our core platform technology to potently radiolabel an asset with a radionuclide warhead, positioning the generation of ARCs as a viable therapeutic approach. Iomab-ACT demonstrates how our AWE Technology Platform can be applied to create ARCs for specific indications and applications as we were able to use our apamistamab-I-131 construct and develop a lower dose version when compared to Iomab-B that is intended to be used for lymphodepletion as opposed to myeloablation.

 

In March 2018, we entered into a collaborative research partnership with Astellas Pharma, Inc. (Astellas) to utilize our AWE Technology Platform with selected targeting agents owned by Astellas. Under the agreement, we are conducting preclinical validation studies. In exchange, we received an upfront fee and Astellas provides funding for the ongoing preclinical research. In January 2019, we announced that we successfully completed the first module of and that we initiated the second module of the collaboration.

 

We intend to utilize our AWE technology platform to enable future additional collaborations and partnerships. In addition to our CSO, we have 3 PhD level employees that contribute to our efforts related to AWE in addition to an external VP of R&D and post-doctoral associate. We also utilize a network of external R&D facilities and personnel that perform work on our behalf.

 

Operations

 

Our current operations are primarily focused on furthering the development of our clinical drug candidates for targeted conditioning, our CD33 program combination and monotherapy trials, supporting investigator-initiated clinical trials that use our drug candidates, actively managing our current supply chain, supporting collaborations and further developing our AWE platform and supporting our pre-commercial market development and supply chain activities.

 

Operations related to Iomab-B include progressing the ongoing multi-center Phase 3 pivotal trial (a trial that leads to registration trial marketing approved by the FDA), which includes investigator engagement, site activation and supporting patient enrollment. In addition, we are focused on commercial-scale manufacturing of apamistamab suitable for an approval trial and preparation of appropriate regulatory submissions. We are also focused on producing final Iomab-B drug product material that consists of apamistamab labelled with the isotope I-131. We have secured access to I-131 from multiple commercial global suppliers. We project that these suppliers have sufficient I-131 production capacity to meet our commercial needs for the Iomab-B program. We are aware of other global manufacturers and suppliers of I-131with whom we believe we can secure commercial supply agreement if necessary. Operations related to our Actimab-MDS pivotal program include preparation for appropriate regulatory submissions, protocol development and investigator engagement. For our Iomab-ACT program we are producing preclinical data supporting its use as a targeted conditioning agent to enable lymphodepletion prior to CAR-T and other adoptive cell therapies, evaluation potential clinical trials and related protocols and developing a regulatory strategy for our planned clinical development.

 

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In the case of our CD33 program, key ongoing activities include planning, initiating and progressing our Phase 1 trials including our two combination trials with venetoclax, our combination trial with CLAG-M, Actimab-M trial in for patients with multiple myeloma and our MRD trial, managing isotope and other materials supply chain and managing the manufacturing of the finished drug candidate product. We have secured access to Ac-225 through a renewable contractual arrangement with the United States Department of Energy, or DOE. We project that these quantities are sufficient to support early stages of commercialization of actinium isotope-based products and that the DOE’s accelerator route of production of Ac-225 has the potential to provide commercial quantities of Ac-225. We have also developed our own proprietary process for industrial-scale Ac-225 production in a cyclotron in quantities adequate to support full product commercialization. In addition, we are aware of numerous sources from which we may secure additional quantities of the Ac-225 isotope.

 

In addition to our clinical programs, we are conducting research and development with our AWE Technology Platform to support existing clinical programs and develop new clinical opportunities. We are also executing on our collaborative research partnership with Astellas. Related to our supply chain, we are undertaking planning and evaluation activities to support our future needs related to infrastructure, commercialization or clinical trial site expansion. Activities related to market development are ongoing and include physician engagement and education, referral pattern analysis, site evaluation and patient advocacy engagement.

 

Intellectual Property Portfolio and Regulatory Protections

 

Intellectual Property

 

We have developed or in-licensed numerous patents and patent applications and possess substantial know-how and trade secrets related to the development and manufacture of our products. As of March 2019, our patent portfolio includes: 28 patent families comprised of 111 issued and pending patent applications, of which 12 are issued and 18 are pending in the United States, and 81 are issued and pending internationally. Several non-provisional patent applications are expected to be filed in 2019 based on provisional patent applications filed in 2018. This is part of an ongoing strategy to strengthen our intellectual property position. About one fifth of our patents are in-licensed from third parties and the remainder are Actinium-owned. These patents cover key areas of our business, including use of actinium-225 and other alpha- or beta-emitting isotopes attached to cancer specific carriers like monoclonal antibodies, methods for manufacturing key components of our product candidates including actinium-225, an alpha particle emitting radioisotope and carrier antibodies, or Iodine-131, a beta particle emitting radioisotope, and methods for manufacturing finished product candidates for use in cancer treatment.

 

We own five issued patents including one divisional patent in the United States and 47 patents outside of the United States, including one divisional patent related to the manufacturing of actinium-225 in a cyclotron, that will expire between 2024 – 2030. Four related global patents are pending. We own or have licensed the rights to six issued patents in the United States and 14 issued patents outside of the United States related to the generation of radioimmunoconjugates that will expire between 2019 and 2030. Nine related United States or global patents are pending, Further, we own the rights to 20 additional pending patents in the United States and abroad related to radioimmunoconjugate composition, formulation administration, and methods of use in solid or liquid cancers. This matter includes composition, administration, and methods of treatment for our products Actimab-A and Iomab-B. In addition, for Iomab-ACT, we own 4 patents pending and 1 provisional patent application covering methods of use and composition in cancer and non-malignant disease.

 

Regulatory Protections

 

The indications for which we are developing our product candidates for are orphan drug designations, which are disease indications that affect fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States and less than 5 in 10,000 patients in the European Union (“EU”). We have received orphan drug designation for Iomab-B and our lintuzumab-CD33 ARC for patients with AML in both the United States and the EU. As a result, if our products are to be approved, they may receive 7 years and 10 years of market exclusivity in the US and EU, respectively. In addition, our product candidates are biologics combined with radioisotopes. The Hatch-Waxman Act requires that a manufacturer of generic drugs, for which a biologic drug is called a biosimilar, requires that the manufacturer demonstrate bioequivalence. We believe that due to the nature of radioisotopes having half-lives combined with the complexities of biologic drugs would make it difficult for a manufacturer to demonstrate bioequivalence of our product candidates.

 

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Competition Overview

  

In the field of targeted conditioning, pharmaceuticals currently used for myeloablation prior to a bone marrow transplant or lymphodepletion prior to CAR-T are largely generic chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation. In targeted conditioning, we face competition from Magenta Therapeutics, Inc., who is developing an anti-CD45 and anti-117 Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC) and Allogene Therapeutics who is developing an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody. However, both programs are at the preclinical stage. To our knowledge, we are the only company with a pivotal Phase 3 trial for a targeting conditioning agent and the only anti-CD45 ARC in clinical development.

  

For our CD33 ARC, there are several companies developing drugs for AML, MDS and Multiple Myeloma based on numerous approaches/modalities including chemotherapy, targeted agents, antibody drug conjugates naked monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, immunotherapies and cellular therapies. Specific to CD33, Mylotarg™, an ADC developed and marketed by Pfizer is the only FDA approved CD33 targeted therapy for adult patients and children two years and older with relapsed or refractory CD33-positive AML. Seattle Genetics was developing SGN-CD33A, a CD33 targeting ADC, but discontinued the development of its clinical trials associated with this product candidate in June 2017. Immunogen is also developing a CD33 targeting ADC, IMGN779, that is currently in a Phase 1 clinical trial for r/r AML patients age 18 and above. Amgen is developing a CD3/CD33 bispecific BiTE (AMG330) as is Amphivena (AMV-564), both of which are in Phase 1 clinical trial for r/r AML patients age 18 and above. Boehringer Ingelheim is developing a CD33 targeting naked antibody (BI836858) for patients with r/r AML or MDS age 18 and above. These drugs have different safety profiles and mechanisms of action compared to our drug candidates. AML in older patients remains an area of high medical need that could accommodate many new products with favorable safety and efficiency profiles. We have begun studying our CD33 ARC in combination with the salvage chemotherapy regimen CLAG-M for patients with relapsed or refractory AML. Combination therapies are commonly used in hematologic indications, but we believe we are the only Ac-225 based product candidate that is being explored in combination studies in hematologic indications. To our knowledge, we are the only company with a CD33 targeting drug and the only AC-225 based ARC product candidate for patients with multiple myeloma.

   

Government Regulation

 

Governmental authorities in the United States and other countries extensively regulate, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, labeling, promotion, advertising, distribution and marketing of radioimmunotherapy pharmaceutical products such as those being developed by us. In the United States, the FDA regulates such products under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) and implements regulations. Failure to comply with applicable FDA requirements, both before and after approval, may subject us to administrative and judicial sanctions, such as a delay in approving or refusal by the FDA to approve pending applications, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions and/or criminal prosecution.

 

U.S. Food and Drug Administration Regulation

 

Our research, development and clinical programs, as well as our manufacturing and marketing operations, are subject to extensive regulation in the United States and other countries. Most notably, products that may in the future be sold in the United States are subject to regulation by the FDA. Certain of our product candidates in the United States require FDA pre-marketing approval of a BLA pursuant to 21 C.F.R. § 314. Foreign countries may require similar or more onerous approvals to manufacture or market these products.

 

Failure by us or by our suppliers to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in enforcement action by the FDA, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or other regulatory authorities, which may result in sanctions, including but not limited to, untitled letters, warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties; customer notifications or repair, replacement, refunds, recall, detention or seizure of our products; operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production; refusing or delaying our requests for BLA premarket approval of new products or modified products; withdrawing BLA approvals that have already been granted; and refusal to grant export.

  

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Employees

 

As of March 15, 2019, we have 30 full-time employees. None of these employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and we believe our relationship with our employees is good. We also engage consultants on an as-needed basis to supplement existing staff.

  

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

 

In analyzing our company, you should consider carefully the following risk factors, together with all of the other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Factors that could cause or contribute to differences in our actual results include those discussed in the following subsection, as well as those discussed above in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Each of the following risk factors, either alone or taken together, could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition, as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our company. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks not currently known to us or other factors not perceived by us to present significant risks to our business at this time also may impair our business operations.

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

Recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern and we may not be able to continue as a going concern.

 

Our recurring losses from operations and negative cash flows from operations raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern and as a result, our independent registered public accounting firm included an explanatory paragraph in its report on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 with respect to this uncertainty. Substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern may create negative reactions to the price of the common shares of our stock and we may have a more difficult time obtaining financing.

 

We have prepared our financial statements on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or amounts of liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue in existence.

 

We are a clinical-stage company and have generated no revenue from commercial sales to date.

 

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with a limited operating history. We have no products approved for commercial sale and have not generated any revenue from product sales to date. We will encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by early-stage companies in rapidly evolving fields. If we do not address these risks successfully, our business will suffer.

 

We have incurred net losses in every year since our inception and anticipate that we will continue to incur net losses in the future.

 

We are not profitable and have incurred losses in each period since our inception. As of December 31, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of $186.9 million. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we reported a net loss of $23.7 million and $26.6 million, respectively. We expect to continue to operate at a net loss as we continue our research and development efforts, continue to conduct clinical trials and develop manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution capabilities. There can be no assurance that the products under development by us will be approved for sale in the United States or elsewhere. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that if such products are approved they will be successfully commercialized, which would have an adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition and results of operation.

 

If we fail to obtain additional financing, we will be unable to continue or complete our product development and you will likely lose your entire investment.

 

We do not currently have sufficient funding for the completion of development nor commercialization of our product candidates and we will need to continue to seek capital from time to time to continue development of our product candidates and to acquire and develop other product candidates. Our first product candidate is not expected to be commercialized, if approved, until at least 2020 and any partnering revenues that it may generate may not be sufficient to fund our ongoing operations. Our cash balance as of December 31, 2018 was $13.7 million. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we raised total net proceeds of approximately $17.0 million from the sale of our common stock and warrants.

 

Presently, with no further source of capital either via a financing or a collaboration, we project that we may run out of funds in 2019. We currently do not have any additional source of capital secured. If we are unable to raise additional funds, we could be required to reduce our spending plans, reduce our workforce, license one or more of our products or technologies that we would otherwise seek to commercialize ourselves, sell all or some of our assets, cease operations or even declare bankruptcy. We will require additional cash in order to maximize the commercial opportunity and continue clinical development of our product candidates. Alternatives available to us to sustain our operations include collaborative agreements, equity financing, debt and other financing arrangements with potential corporate partners and other sources. However, there can be no assurance that any such collaborative agreements or other sources of funding will be available to us on favorable terms, if at all. 

 

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Our business or operations may change in a manner that would consume available funds more rapidly than anticipated and substantial additional funding may be required to maintain operations, fund expansion, develop new or enhanced products, acquire complementary products, business or technologies or otherwise respond to competitive pressures and opportunities, such as a change in the regulatory environment or a change in preferred cancer treatment modalities. However, we may not be able to secure funding when we need it or on favorable terms or indeed on any terms. In addition, from time to time, we may not be able to secure enough capital in a timely enough manner which may cause the generation of a going-concern opinion from our auditors which can and may impair our stock market valuation and also our ability to finance on favorable terms or indeed on any terms.

 

To raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock. We cannot assure you that we will be able to sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is equal to or greater than the price per share paid by investors, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders.

 

If we cannot raise adequate funds to satisfy our capital requirements, we will have to delay, scale back or eliminate our research and development activities, clinical studies or future operations. We may also be required to obtain funds through arrangements with collaborators, which arrangements may require us to relinquish rights to certain technologies or products that we otherwise would not consider relinquishing, including rights to future product candidates or certain major geographic markets. We may further have to license our technology to others. This could result in sharing revenues which we might otherwise have retained for ourselves. Any of these actions may harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

  

The amount of funding we will need depends on many factors, including the progress, timing and scope of our product development programs; the progress, timing and scope of our preclinical studies and clinical trials; the time and cost necessary to obtain regulatory approvals; the time and cost necessary to further develop manufacturing processes and arrange for contract manufacturing; our ability to enter into and maintain collaborative, licensing and other commercial relationships; and our partners’ commitment of time and resources to the development and commercialization of our products.

 

We have limited access to the capital markets and even if we can raise additional funding, we may be required to do so on terms that are dilutive to you.

 

We have limited access to the capital markets to raise funds. The capital markets have been unpredictable in the recent past for radioisotope and other oncology companies and unprofitable companies such as ours. In addition, it is generally difficult for development-stage companies to raise capital under current market conditions. The amount of capital that a company such as ours is able to raise often depends on variables that are beyond our control. As a result, we may not be able to secure financing on terms attractive to us, or at all. If we are able to consummate a financing arrangement, the amount raised may not be sufficient to meet our future needs. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, or at all, our business, including our technology licenses, results of operations, financial condition and our continued viability will be materially adversely affected.

 

We are highly dependent on the success of Iomab-B and the SIERRA trial and we many not able to complete the necessary clinical development or our development efforts may not result in the data necessary to receive regulatory approval

 

Iomab-B, which we licensed from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, in June 2012 is our lead program to which we allocate a significant portion of our resources. We are currently enrolling patients in the pivotal Phase 3 SIERRA trial (Study of Iomab-B in Elderly Relapsed or Refractory AML), a 150-patient multi-center randomized trial that will compare outcomes of patients who receive Iomab-B and a BMT to those patients receiving physician’s choice of salvage chemotherapy, defined as conventional care, as no standard of care exists for this patient population. The SIERRA trial may be unsuccessful and fail to demonstrate a safety and efficacy profile that is necessary to receive favorable regulatory approval. The trials DMC or Data Monitoring Committee may recommend that the trial be stopped early for safety or efficacy concerns, which could prevent us from completing the SIERRA trial. Even if Iomab-B receives favorable regulatory approval, we may not be successful in securing adequate reimbursement or establishing successful commercial operations. Any or all of these factors could have a material adverse impact on our business and ability to continue operations.

 

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We may be unable to establish sales, marketing and commercial supply capabilities

 

We do not currently have, nor have we ever had, commercial sales and marketing capabilities. If any of our product candidates become approved, we would have to build and establish these capabilities in order to commercialize our approved product candidates. The process of establishing commercial capabilities will be expensive and time consuming. Even if we are successful in building sales and marketing capabilities, we may not be successful in commercializing any of our product candidates. Any delays in commercialization or failure to successfully commercialize any product candidate may have material adverse impacts on our business and ability to continue operations.

 

Risks Related to Regulation 

 

The FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree with our regulatory plans and we may fail to obtain regulatory approval of our product candidates.

 

Our products are subject to rigorous regulation by the FDA and numerous other federal, state and foreign governmental authorities. The process of seeking regulatory approval to market an antibody radiation-conjugate product is expensive and time-consuming, and, notwithstanding the effort and expense incurred, approval is never guaranteed. If we are not successful in obtaining timely approval of our products from the FDA, we may never be able to generate significant revenue and may be forced to cease operations. In particular, the FDA permits commercial distribution of a new antibody radiation-conjugate product only after a Biologics License Application (BLA) for the product has received FDA approval. The BLA process is costly, lengthy and inherently uncertain. Any BLA filed by us will have to be supported by extensive data, including, but not limited to, technical, preclinical, clinical trial, manufacturing and labeling data, to demonstrate to the FDA’s satisfaction the safety and efficacy of the product for its intended use. The lengthy approval process as well as the unpredictability of future clinical trial results may result in our failing to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidates, which would significantly harm our business, results of operations and prospects. In addition, even if we were to obtain approval, regulatory authorities may approve any of our product candidates for fewer or more limited indications than we request, may not approve the price we intend to charge for our products, may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly post-marketing clinical trials, or may approve a product candidate with a label that does not include the labeling claims necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of that product candidate. Any of the foregoing scenarios could materially harm the commercial prospects for our product candidates.

 

The approval process in the United States and in other countries could result in unexpected and significant costs for us and consume management’s time and other resources. The FDA and other foreign regulatory agencies could ask us to supplement our submissions, collect non-clinical data, conduct additional clinical trials or engage in other time-consuming actions, or it could simply deny our applications. In addition, even if we obtain approval to market our products in the United States or in other countries, the approval could be revoked, or other restrictions imposed if post-market data demonstrates safety issues or lack of effectiveness. We cannot predict with certainty how, or when, the FDA or other regulatory authorities will act. If we are unable to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals, our financial condition and cash flow may be materially adversely affected, and our ability to grow domestically and internationally may be limited. Additionally, even if we obtain approval, regulatory authorities may approve any of our product candidates for fewer or more limited indications that we request. The Company’s products may not be approved for the specific indications that are most necessary or desirable for successful commercialization or profitability.

 

We have not demonstrated that any of our products are safe and effective for any indication.

 

We currently have two product candidates in clinical development. In December 2015, the FDA cleared our IND filing for Iomab-B, and we are currently enrolling patients in a randomized, controlled, pivotal, Phase 3 clinical trial. Assuming the trial meets its endpoints, it will form the basis for a BLA. Additionally, there are physician IND trials at the FHCRC that have been conducted or are currently ongoing at FHCRC with Iomab-B and the BC8 antibody we licensed. We have multiple clinical trials ongoing for our drug candidates under our own sponsorship and multiple investigator-initiated trials ongoing.  

 

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We may encounter substantial delays in our clinical trials or may not be able to conduct our trials on the timelines we expect.

 

We cannot predict whether we will encounter problems with any of our ongoing or planned clinical trials that will cause us or regulatory authorities to delay, suspend, or discontinue clinical trials or to delay the analysis of data from ongoing clinical trials. Any of the following could delay or disrupt the clinical development of our product candidates and potentially cause our product candidates to fail to receive regulatory approval:

 

  conditions imposed on us by the FDA or comparable foreign authorities regarding the scope or design of our clinical trials;

 

  delays in receiving, or the inability to obtain, required approvals from institutional review boards (IRBs) or other reviewing entities at clinical sites selected for participation in our clinical trials;

 

  delays in enrolling patients into clinical trials;

 

  a lower than anticipated retention rate of patients in clinical trials;

 

  the need to repeat or discontinue clinical trials as a result of inconclusive or negative results or unforeseen complications in testing or because the results of later trials may not confirm positive results from earlier preclinical studies or clinical trials;
     
  inadequate supply, delays in distribution, deficient quality of, or inability to purchase or manufacture drug product, comparator drugs or other materials necessary to conduct our clinical trials;

 

  unfavorable FDA or other foreign regulatory inspection and review of a clinical trial site or records of any clinical or preclinical investigation;

 

  serious and unexpected drug-related side effects experienced by participants in our clinical trials, which may occur even if they were not observed in earlier trials or only observed in a limited number of participants;

   

  a finding that the trial participants are being exposed to unacceptable health risks;

 

  the placement by the FDA or a foreign regulatory authority of a clinical hold on a trial; or

 

  delays in obtaining regulatory agency authorization for the conduct of our clinical trials.

 

We may suspend, or the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities may require us to suspend, clinical trials of a product candidate at any time if we or they believe the patients participating in such clinical trials, or in independent third-party clinical trials for drugs based on similar technologies, are being exposed to unacceptable health risks or for other reasons.

 

Further, individuals involved with our clinical trials may serve as consultants to us from time to time and receive stock options or cash compensation in connection with such services. If these relationships and any related compensation to the clinical investigator carrying out the study result in perceived or actual conflicts of interest, or the FDA concludes that the financial relationship may have affected interpretation of the study, the integrity of the data generated at the applicable clinical trial site may be questioned and the utility of the clinical trial itself may be jeopardized. The delay, suspension or discontinuation of any of our clinical trials, or a delay in the analysis of clinical data for our product candidates, for any of the foregoing reasons, could adversely affect our efforts to obtain regulatory approval for and to commercialize our product candidates, increase our operating expenses and have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

 

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Clinical trials may also be delayed or terminated as a result of ambiguous or negative interim results. In addition, a clinical trial may be suspended or terminated by us, the FDA, the IRBs at the sites where the IRBs are overseeing a trial, or a data safety monitoring board, or DSMB (Data Safety Monitoring Board)/DMC (Data Monitoring Committee), overseeing the clinical trial at issue, or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including:

 

  failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols;

 

  inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial sites by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold;

 

  varying interpretation of data by the FDA or similar foreign regulatory authorities;

 

  failure to achieve primary or secondary endpoints or other failure to demonstrate efficacy;

 

  unforeseen safety issues; or

 

  lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial.

  

Modifications to our product candidates may require federal approvals.

 

The BLA application is the vehicle through which the company may formally propose that the FDA approve a new pharmaceutical for sale and marketing in the United States. Once a particular product candidate receives FDA approval, expanded uses or uses in new indications of our products may require additional human clinical trials and new regulatory approvals, including additional IND and BLA submissions and premarket approvals before we can begin clinical development, and/or prior to marketing and sales. If the FDA requires new approvals for a particular use or indication, we may be required to conduct additional clinical studies, which would require additional expenditures and harm our operating results. If the products are already being used for these new indications, we may also be subject to significant enforcement actions.

 

Conducting clinical trials and obtaining approvals is a time-consuming process, and delays in obtaining required future approvals could adversely affect our ability to introduce new or enhanced products in a timely manner, which in turn would have an adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition and results of operation.

 

The FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree with our regulatory plans, and we may fail to obtain regulatory approval of our product candidates.

 

In June 2012, we acquired rights to BC8 (Iomab), a clinical stage monoclonal antibody with safety and efficacy data in more than 300 patients in need of a BMT. Iomab-B is our product candidate that links I-131 to the BC8 antibody that is being studied in an ongoing Phase 3 pivotal trial. Product candidates utilizing this antibody would require BLA approval before they can be marketed in the United States. We are also evaluating a lower dose of the BC8 antibody and I-131 for lymphodepletion prior to CAR-T or adoptive cell therapy. We are currently evaluating clinical trials that would use our construct for lymphodepletion. Our lintuzumab-Ac-225 product candidate is also being studied in several Phase 1 trials under our sponsorship and investigator-initiated trials in patients with AML, myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma. Product candidates utilizing the lintuzumab antibody would require BLA approval before they can be marketed in the United States. We are in the early stages of evaluating other product candidates consisting of conjugates of Ac-225 with human or humanized antibodies for pre-clinical and clinical development in other types of cancer. The FDA may not approve these products for the indications that are necessary or desirable for successful commercialization. The FDA may fail to approve any BLA we submit for new product candidates or for new intended uses or indications for approved products or future product candidates. Failure to obtain FDA approval for our products in the proposed indications would have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Clinical trials necessary to support approval of our product candidates are time-consuming and expensive.

 

Initiating and completing clinical trials necessary to support FDA approval of a BLA for Iomab-B, CD33 program candidates, and other product candidates, is a time-consuming and expensive process, and the outcome is inherently uncertain. Moreover, the results of early clinical trials are not necessarily predictive of future results, and any product candidate we advance into clinical trials may not have favorable results in later clinical trials. We have worked with the FDA to develop a clinical trial designed to test the safety and efficacy of Iomab-B in patients with relapsed or refractory AML who are age 55 and above prior to a BMT. This trial is designed to support a BLA filing for marketing approval by the FDA, pending results from the trial. We have also worked with the FDA to develop a regulatory pathway for our Actimab-MDS trial that consists of a dose-confirming Phase 1 trial that can be followed by a randomized, controlled pivotal trial that could support a BLA filing. In addition, there can be no assurance that the data generated during the trial will meet our chosen safety and effectiveness endpoints or otherwise produce results that will eventually support the filing or approval of a BLA. Even if the data from this trial are favorable, these data may not be predictive of the results of any future clinical trials. 

 

Our clinical trials may fail to demonstrate adequately the efficacy and safety of our product candidates, which would prevent or delay regulatory approval and commercialization.

 

Even if our clinical trials are completed as planned, we cannot be certain that their results will support our product candidate claims or that the FDA or foreign authorities will agree with our conclusions regarding them. Success in pre-clinical studies and early clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will be successful, and we cannot be sure that the later trials will replicate the results of prior trials and pre-clinical studies. The clinical trial process may fail to demonstrate that our product candidates are safe and effective for the proposed indicated uses. If FDA concludes that the clinical trials for Iomab-B, lintzumab-Ac-225, or any other product candidate for which we might seek approval, have failed to demonstrate safety and effectiveness, we would not receive FDA approval to market that product candidate in the United States for the indications sought. In addition, such an outcome could cause us to abandon the product candidate and might delay development of others. Any delay or termination of our clinical trials will delay or preclude the filing of any submissions with the FDA and, ultimately, our ability to commercialize our product candidates and generate revenues. It is also possible that patients enrolled in clinical trials will experience adverse side effects that are not currently part of a product candidate’s profile. 

 

The intellectual property related to antibodies we have licensed has expired or likely expired

 

The key patents related to the humanized antibody, lintuzumab, which we use in our CD33 program product candidates have expired. It is generally possible that others may be eventually able to use an antibody with the same sequence, and we will then need to rely on additional patent protection covering alpha particle drug products comprising Ac-225. Our final drug construct consists of the lintuzumab antibody labeled with the isotope Ac-225. We have licensed issued patents that relate to the linker technology we use to conjugate the isotope to the antibody and own issued and pending patents related to isotope production methods and drug preparation methods. In addition, we possess trade secrets and know how related to the manufacturing and use of isotopes. Any competing product based on the lintuzumab antibody is likely to require several years of development before achieving our product candidate’s current status and may be subject to significant regulatory hurdles but is nevertheless a possibility that could negatively impact our business in the future. Neither the antibody portion nor the composition of matter as a whole for the conjugated Iomab-B product candidate is covered by the claims of any issued patent. Accordingly, there are no patents that would prevent others from using an antibody with the same antibody sequence in any drug product. We have dedicated research and development activities towards improving the product’s stability to enhance commercial usefulness of the product and now have a proprietary formulation for which IP is pending. We have and may continue to file patents related to Iomab-B that can provide barriers to entry but there is no certainty that these patents will be granted or such granting thereof will adequately prevent others from seeking to replicate and use the BC8 antibody or the construct. We have pending patents related to radioimmunoconjugate composition, formulation administration, and methods of use in solid or liquid cancers. This matter includes composition, administration, and methods of treatment for our products Actimab-A and Iomab-B. Any competing product based on the antibody used in Iomab-B is likely to require several years of development before achieving our product candidate’s current status and may be subject to significant regulatory hurdles but is nevertheless a possibility that could negatively impact our business in the future.

 

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The indications for which we are developing our product candidates for are orphan drug designations, which are disease indications that affect fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States and less than 5 in 10,000 patients in the European Union (“EU”). We have received orphan drug designation for Iomab-B and our lintuzumab-CD33 ARC for patients with AML in both the United States and the EU. As a result, if our products are to be approved, they may receive 7 years 10 years of market exclusivity in the US and EU, respectively. In addition, our product candidates are biologics combined with radioisotopes. The Hatch-Waxman Act requires that a manufacturer of generic drugs, which for a biologic drug is called a biosimilar, requires that the manufacturer demonstrate bioequivalence. We believe that due to the nature of radioisotopes having half-lives combined with the complexities of biologic drugs would make it difficult for a manufacturer to demonstrate bioequivalence of our product candidates.

 

Our CD33 program clinical trials are testing the same drug construct

 

Our CD33 program is comprised of several clinical trials including several investigator-initiated trials including AML, MDS and Multiple Myeloma that are studying the same drug construct consisting of lintuzumab-Ac-225. Negative results from any of these trials could negatively impact our ability to enroll or complete our other trials studying lintzumab-Ac-225. Additionally, negative outcomes including safety concerns, may result in the FDA discontinuing other trials utilizing lintuzumab-Ac-225.

 

We may be unable to obtain a sufficient supply of isotopes to support clinical development or at commercial scale. 

 

Iodine-131 is a key component of our Iomab-B drug candidate. We source medical grade I-131 from multiple suppliers including two leading global manufacturers. Currently, there is sufficient supply of I-131 to advance our ongoing SIERRA clinical trial, support additional trials we may undertake utilizing I-131 and for commercialization of Iomab-B. We continually evaluate I-131 manufacturers and suppliers and intend to have at a minimum of three qualified suppliers prior to the commercial launch of Iomab-B. While we consider I-131 to be commoditized and obtainable through several suppliers, there can be no guarantee that we will be able to secure a third I-131 supplier or obtain on terms that are acceptable to us.

 

Actinium-225 is a key component of our CD33 ARC program, AWE platform and other drug candidates that we might consider for development with the Ac-225 payload. There are adequate quantities of Ac-225 available today to meet our current needs via our present supplier, the Department of Energy, or DOE. The current Ac-225 currently supplied to Actinium’s clinical trials from the DOE is derived from the natural decay of thorium-229 from so-called ‘thorium-cows’ and is able to produce sufficient quantities that are several multiples of the amount of Ac-225 we require to supply our clinical programs through to early commercialization phase. The DOE is also producing Ac-225 from a recently developed alternative route for Ac-225 production via a linear accelerator that is currently being evaluated by Actinium. Initial preclinical and modelling results have indicated that the linear accelerator sourced Ac-225 does not impact labelling efficiency and expected distribution. Per representations made by the Department of Energy, the capacity of Ac-225 from this route is expected to be sufficient to supply all of Actinium’s pipeline and commercial Ac-225 needs and support new program expansion by not just Actinium but also other companies that are developing Ac-225 based products. Additional routes of Ac-225 production are being pursued by the DOE including the generation of new thorium cows and production via a cyclotron. The cyclotron production method for Ac-225 production leverages Actinium’s proprietary technology and know-how and presents an additional path towards production of high-quality Ac-225 that would be able to satisfy commercial needs. In addition, we are aware of at least six other government and non-government entities globally including the U.S., Canada, Russia, Belgium, France and Japan that have, or expect to have ability to supply Ac-225 or equipment for its production within the timeframes relevant to first commercial approval of our Ac-225 ARC.

 

Our contract for supply of this isotope from the DOE must be renewed yearly, and the current contract extends through the end of 2019. While we expect this contract will be renewed at the end of its term as it has since 2009, there can be no assurance that the DOE will renew the contract or that change its policies that allow for the sale of isotope to us. Failure to acquire sufficient quantities of medical grade Ac-225 would make it impossible to effectively complete clinical trials and to commercialize any Ac-225 based drug candidates that we may develop and would materially harm our business.

 

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Our ability to conduct clinical trials to advance our ARC drug candidates is dependent on our ability to obtain the radioisotopes I-131, Ac-225 and other isotopes we may choose to utilize in the future. Currently, we are dependent on third party manufacturers and suppliers for our isotopes. These suppliers may not perform their contracted services or may breach or terminate their agreements with us. Our suppliers are subject to regulations and standards that are overseen by regulatory and government agencies and we have no control over our suppliers’ compliance to these standards. Failure to comply with regulations and standards may result in their inability to supply isotope could result in delays in our clinical trials, which could have a negative impact on our business. We have developed intellectual property, know-how and trade secrets related to the manufacturing process of Ac-225. While we have manufactured medical Ac-225 of a purity compared to the cyclotron sourced material in the past, this activity was terminated due to operating cost reasons and we currently do not have experience in manufacturing medical grade Ac-225 and may not obtain the resources necessary to establish our own manufacturing capabilities in future. Our inability to build out and establish our own manufacturing facilities would require us to continue to rely on third party suppliers as we currently do. However, based on our current third-party suppliers and potential future suppliers of Ac-225 we expect to have adequate isotope supply to support our current ongoing clinical trials, current AWE program activities and commercialization should our drug candidates receive approval.

  

If we encounter difficulties enrolling patients in our clinical trials, our clinical development activities could be delayed or otherwise adversely affected.

 

The timely completion of clinical trials in accordance with their protocols depends on our ability to enroll a sufficient number of patients who remain in the trial until its conclusion. We may experience difficulties in patient enrollment in our clinical trials for a variety of reasons, including:

 

  the size and nature of the patient population;

 

  the patient eligibility criteria defined in the protocol;

 

  the size of the study population required for analysis of the trial’s primary endpoints;

 

  the proximity of patients to trial sites;

 

  the design of the trial;

 

  our ability to recruit clinical trial investigators with the appropriate competencies and expertise;

 

  competing clinical trials for similar or alternate therapeutic treatments;

 

  clinician’s and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and side effects of the product candidate being studied in relation to other available therapies;

 

  our ability to obtain and maintain patient consents; and

 

  the risk that patients enrolled in clinical trials will not complete a clinical trial.

 

In addition, refractory patients, which several of our trials are enrolling, participating in clinical trials are seriously and often terminally ill and therefore may not complete the clinical trial due to reasons including comorbid conditions or occurrence of adverse medical events related or unrelated to the investigational products, or death. Even if we are able to enroll a sufficient number of patients in our clinical trials, delays in patient enrollment will result in increased costs or affect the timing of our planned trials, which could adversely affect our ability to advance the development of our product candidates.

 

FDA may take actions that would prolong, delay, suspend, or terminate clinical trials of our product candidates, which may delay or prevent us from commercializing our product candidates on a timely basis.

 

There can be no assurance that the data generated in our clinical trials will be acceptable to FDA or that if future modifications during the trial are necessary, that any such modifications will be acceptable to FDA. Certain modifications to a clinical trial protocol made during the course of the clinical trial have to be submitted to the FDA. This could result in the delay or halt of a clinical trial while the modification is evaluated. In addition, depending on the quantity and nature of the changes made, FDA could take the position that some or all of the data generated by the clinical trial is not usable because the same protocol was not used throughout the trial. This might require the enrollment of additional subjects, which could result in the extension of the clinical trial and the FDA delaying approval of a product candidate. If the FDA believes that its prior approval is required for a particular modification, it can delay or halt a clinical trial while it evaluates additional information regarding the change.

 

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Any delay or termination of our current or future clinical trials as a result of the risks summarized above, including delays in obtaining or maintaining required approvals from IRBs, delays in patient enrollment, the failure of patients to continue to participate in a clinical trial, and delays or termination of clinical trials as a result of protocol modifications or adverse events during the trials, may cause an increase in costs and delays in the filing of any submissions with the FDA, delay the approval and commercialization of our product candidates or result in the failure of the clinical trial, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and prospects. Lengthy delays in the completion of our Actimab-A clinical trials would adversely affect our business and prospects and could cause us to cease operations.

 

Risks Related to Third Parties

 

We rely on third parties to conduct our clinical trials. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines or comply with regulatory requirements, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize our product candidates.

 

We do not have the ability to independently conduct our pre-clinical and clinical trials for our product candidates and we must rely on third parties, such as contract research organizations, medical institutions, clinical investigators and contract laboratories to conduct such trials. Our reliance on these third parties for clinical development activities results in reduced control over these activities. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with regulations and standards, commonly referred to as GCPs (good clinical practices), for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the trial participants are adequately protected. Our reliance on third parties does not relieve us of these responsibilities and requirements. If we or any of our third-party contractors fail to comply with applicable GCPs, the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may require us to perform additional clinical trials before approving our marketing applications. We cannot assure you that upon inspection by a given regulatory authority, such regulatory authority will determine that any of our clinical trials complies with GCP regulations. In addition, our clinical trials must be conducted with product produced under current good manufacturing practice, or cGMP, regulations. Our failure to comply with these regulations may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the regulatory approval process.

 

If our consultants, contract research organizations and other similar entities with which we are working do not successfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines, or comply with applicable regulations, we may be required to replace them. Although we believe that there are a number of other third-party contractors, we could engage to continue these activities, we may not be able to enter into arrangements with alternative third-party contractors or to do so on commercially reasonable terms, which may result in a delay of our planned clinical trials and delayed development of our product candidates.

 

In addition, our third-party contractors are not our employees, and except for remedies available to us under our agreements with such third-party contractors, we cannot control whether or not they devote sufficient time and resources to our programs. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or regulatory obligations or meet expected deadlines, or if the quality or accuracy of the data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols or regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our pre-clinical development activities or clinical trials may be extended, delayed, suspended or terminated, and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for, or successfully commercialize, our product candidates on a timely basis, if at all, and our business, operating results and prospects would be adversely affected.

  

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Our product candidates for which we intend to seek approval as biologic products may face competition sooner than anticipated.

 

Our product candidates are regulated by the FDA as biologic products and we intend to seek approval for these products pursuant to the BLA pathway. The Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009, or BPCIA, created an abbreviated pathway for the approval of biosimilar and interchangeable biologic products. The abbreviated regulatory pathway establishes legal authority for the FDA to review and approve biosimilar biologics, including the possible designation of a biosimilar as “interchangeable” based on its similarity to an existing brand product. Under the BPCIA, an application for a biosimilar product cannot be approved by the FDA until 12 years after the original branded product was approved under a BLA. The law is complex and is still being interpreted and implemented by the FDA. As a result, its ultimate impact, implementation, and meaning are subject to uncertainty. While it is uncertain when such processes intended to implement BPCIA may be fully adopted by the FDA, any such processes could have a material adverse effect on the future commercial prospects for our biologic products.

 

Our product candidates may never achieve market acceptance.

 

Iomab-B, CD33 ARC program candidates and future product candidates that we may develop may never gain market acceptance among physicians, patients and the medical community. The degree of market acceptance of any of our products will depend on a number of factors, including the actual and perceived effectiveness and reliability of the product; the results of any long-term clinical trials relating to use of the product; the availability, relative cost and perceived advantages and disadvantages of alternative technologies; the degree to which treatments using the product are approved for reimbursement by public and private insurers; the strength of our marketing and distribution infrastructure; and the level of education and awareness among physicians and hospitals concerning the product.

 

We believe that oncologists and other physicians will not widely adopt a product candidate unless they determine, based on experience, clinical data, and published peer-reviewed journal articles, that the use of that product candidate provides an effective alternative to other means of treating specific cancers. Patient studies or clinical experience may indicate that treatment with our product candidates does not provide patients with sufficient benefits in extension of life or quality of life. We believe that recommendations and support for the use of each product candidate from influential physicians will be essential for widespread market acceptance. Our product candidates are still in the development stage and it is premature to attempt to gain support from physicians at this time. We can provide no assurance that such support will ever be obtained. If our product candidates do not receive such support from these physicians and from long-term data, physicians may not use or continue to use, and hospitals may not purchase or continue to purchase, them.

 

Failure of Iomab-B, CD33 ARC program candidates or any of our other product candidates to significantly penetrate current or new markets would negatively impact our business financial condition and results of operations .

  

Even if we receive regulatory approval of our product candidates, we will be subject to ongoing regulatory obligations and continued regulatory review.

 

Any regulatory approvals that we receive for our product candidates will require surveillance to monitor the safety and efficacy of the product candidate. The FDA may also require a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy in order to approve our product candidates, which could entail requirements for a medication guide, physician communication plans or additional elements to ensure safe use, such as restricted distribution methods, patient registries and other risk minimization tools. In addition, if the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority approves our product candidates, the manufacturing processes, labeling, packaging, distribution, adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion, import, export and recordkeeping for our product candidates will be subject to extensive and ongoing regulatory requirements. These requirements include submissions of safety and other post-marketing information and reports, registration, as well as continued compliance with cGMPs and cGCPs for any clinical trials that we conduct post-approval. In addition, the FDA could require us to conduct another study to obtain additional safety or biomarker information. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with our product candidates, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with our third-party suppliers or manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in, among other things:

 

  restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of our product candidates, withdrawal of the product from the market, or voluntary or mandatory product recalls;

 

  fines, warning letters or holds on clinical trials;

 

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  refusal by the FDA to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications filed by us or suspension or revocation of license approvals;

 

  product seizure or detention, or refusal to permit the import or export of our product candidates; and

 

  injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.

 

The FDA’s and other regulatory authorities’ policies may change, and additional government regulations may be enacted that could prevent, limit or delay regulatory approval of our product candidates. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of government regulation that may arise from future legislation or administrative action, either in the United States or abroad. If we are slow or unable to adapt to changes in existing requirements or the adoption of new requirements or policies, or if we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may lose any marketing approval that we may have obtained, and we may not achieve or sustain profitability.

 

Coverage and reimbursement may be limited or unavailable in certain market segments for our product candidates which could limit our sales of our product candidates, if approved.

 

The commercial success of our product candidates in both domestic and international markets will be substantially dependent on whether third-party coverage and reimbursement is available for patients that use our products. However, the availability of insurance coverage and reimbursement for newly approved cancer therapies is uncertain, and therefore, third-party coverage may be particularly difficult to obtain even if our products are approved by the FDA as safe and efficacious. Patients using existing approved therapies are generally reimbursed all or part of the product cost by Medicare or other third-party payors. Medicare, Medicaid, health maintenance organizations and other third-party payors are increasingly attempting to contain healthcare costs by limiting both coverage and the level of reimbursement of new drugs, and, as a result, they may not cover or provide adequate payment for these products. Submission of applications for reimbursement approval generally does not occur prior to the filing of a BLA for that product and may not be granted until many months after BLA approval. In order to obtain coverage and reimbursement for these products, we or our commercialization partners may have to agree to a net sales price lower than the net sales price we might charge in other sales channels. The continuing efforts of government and third-party payors to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare may limit our revenue. Initial dependence on the commercial success of our products may make our revenues particularly susceptible to any cost containment or reduction efforts.

  

We may be subject to claims that our third-party service providers, consultants or current or former employees have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information of third parties.

 

We have received confidential and proprietary information from third parties. In addition, we employ individuals who were previously employed at other biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies. We may be subject to claims that we or our employees, consultants or independent contractors have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed confidential information of these third parties or our employees’ former employers. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial cost and be a distraction to our management and employees. 

 

We depend on third-party manufacturers to produce our pre-clinical and clinical trial drug supplies.

 

We do not currently operate manufacturing facilities for pre-clinical or clinical production of any of our product candidates. We rely on third-party manufacturers to supply, store, and distribute pre-clinical and clinical supply of our product candidates, and plan to continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Any performance failure on the part of our existing or future manufacturers could delay clinical development or regulatory approval of our product candidates or commercialization of any approved products.

 

 Our product candidates require precise, high-quality manufacturing. Failure by our contract manufacturer to achieve and maintain high manufacturing standards could result in patient injury or death, product recalls or withdrawals, delays or failures in testing or delivery, cost overruns, or other problems that could seriously hurt our business. Contract manufacturers may encounter difficulties involving production yields, quality control, and quality assurance. These manufacturers are subject to ongoing periodic and unannounced inspections by the FDA and corresponding state and foreign agencies to ensure strict compliance with cGMPs and other applicable government regulations and corresponding foreign standards; we do not have control over third-party manufacturers’ compliance with these regulations and standards.

 

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Furthermore, these third-party contractors, whether foreign or domestic, may experience regulatory compliance difficulty, mechanical shut downs, employee strikes, or any other unforeseeable acts that may delay or limit production. Our inability to adequately establish, supervise and conduct (either ourselves or through third parties) all aspects of the formulation and manufacturing processes, and the inability of third-party manufacturers to consistently supply quality product when required would have a material adverse effect on our ability to commercialize our products. We have faced delays and risks associated with reliance on key third party manufacturers in the past and may be faced with such delays and risks in the future. Any future manufacturing interruptions or related supply issues could have an adverse effect on our company, including delays in clinical trials. 

  

If we are successful in obtaining marketing approval from the FDA and/or other regulatory agencies for any of our product candidates, we anticipate continued reliance on third-party manufacturers.

 

To date, our product candidates have been manufactured in small quantities for preclinical and clinical testing by third-party manufacturers. If the FDA or other regulatory agencies approve any of our product candidates for commercial sale, we expect that we would continue to rely, at least initially, on third-party specialized manufacturers to produce commercial quantities of approved products. These manufacturers may not be able to successfully increase the manufacturing capacity for any approved product in a timely or economic manner, or at all. Significant scale-up of manufacturing may require additional validation studies, which the FDA must review and approve. If third party manufacturers are unable to successfully increase the manufacturing capacity for a product candidate, or we are unable to establish our own manufacturing capabilities, the commercial launch of any approved products may be delayed or there may be a shortage in supply, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

In addition, the facilities used by our contract manufacturers to manufacture our product candidates must be approved by the FDA pursuant to inspections that will be conducted after we submit a BLA to the FDA. We do not control the manufacturing process of, and are completely dependent on, our contract manufacturing partners for compliance with cGMPs. If our contract manufacturers cannot successfully manufacture material that conforms to our specifications and the strict regulatory requirements of the FDA or other regulatory authorities, they will not be able to secure and/or maintain regulatory approval for their manufacturing facilities. If the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority does not approve these facilities for the manufacture of our product candidates or if it withdraws any such approval in the future, we may need to find alternative manufacturing facilities, which would significantly impact our ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for or market our product candidates, if approved.

  

We may have conflicts with our partners that could delay or prevent the development or commercialization of our product candidates.

 

We may have conflicts with our partners, such as conflicts concerning the interpretation of preclinical or clinical data, the achievement of milestones, the interpretation of contractual obligations, payments for services, development obligations or the ownership of intellectual property developed during our collaboration. If any conflicts arise with any of our partners, such partner may act in a manner that is averse to our best interests. Any such disagreement could result in one or more of the following, each of which could delay or prevent the development or commercialization of our product candidates, and in turn prevent us from generating revenues: unwillingness on the part of a partner to pay us milestone payments or royalties we believe are due under a collaboration; uncertainty regarding ownership of intellectual property rights arising from our collaborative activities, which could prevent us from entering into additional collaborations; unwillingness by the partner to cooperate in the development or manufacture of the product, including providing us with product data or materials; unwillingness on the part of a partner to keep us informed regarding the progress of its development and commercialization activities or to permit public disclosure of the results of those activities; initiating litigation or alternative dispute resolution options by either party to resolve the dispute; or attempts by either party to terminate the agreement.

  

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We face significant competition from other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies.

 

Our product candidates face, and will continue to face, intense competition from large pharmaceutical companies, as well as academic and research institutions. We compete in an industry that is characterized by (i) rapid technological change, (ii) evolving industry standards, (iii) emerging competition and (iv) new product introductions. Our competitors have existing products and technologies that will compete with our product candidates and technologies and may develop and commercialize additional products and technologies that will compete with our product candidates and technologies. Because several competing companies and institutions have greater financial resources than us, they may be able to (i) provide broader services and product lines, (ii) make greater investments in research and development, or R&D, and (iii) carry on broader R&D initiatives. Our competitors also have greater development capabilities than we do and have substantially greater experience in undertaking preclinical and clinical testing of product candidates, obtaining regulatory approvals, and manufacturing and marketing pharmaceutical products. They also have greater name recognition and better access to customers than us.

 

Our product candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could halt their clinical development, prevent their regulatory approval, limit their commercial potential, or result in significant negative consequences

 

Undesirable side effects caused by our product candidates could cause us or regulatory authorities to interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials and could result in a more restrictive label or the delay or denial of regulatory approval by the FDA or other comparable foreign authorities. The drug-related side effects could affect patient recruitment or the ability of enrolled patients to complete the trial or result in potential product liability claims. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly. Even if any of our product candidates receives marketing approval, as greater numbers of patients use a product following its approval, an increase in the incidence of side effects or the incidence of other post-approval problems that were not seen or anticipated during pre-approval clinical trials could result in a number of potentially significant negative consequences, including:

 

  regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the product;

 

regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as warnings or contraindications;

 

  we may be required to change the way the product is administered, conduct additional clinical trials or change the labeling of the product;

 

  we may elect, or we may be required, to recall or withdraw product from the market;

 

  we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients; and

 

  our reputation may suffer.

 

Any of these events could substantially increase the costs and expenses of developing, commercializing and marketing any such product candidates or could harm or prevent sales of any approved products.

 

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

 

We depend upon securing and protecting critical intellectual property.

 

We are dependent on obtaining and maintaining patents, trade secrets, copyright and trademark protection of our technologies in the United States and other jurisdictions, as well as successfully enforcing this intellectual property and defending this intellectual property against third-party challenges. The degree of future protection of our proprietary rights is uncertain for product candidates that are currently in the early stages of development because we cannot predict which of these product candidates will ultimately reach the commercial market or whether the commercial versions of these product candidates will incorporate proprietary technologies.

 

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Our patent position is highly uncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions.

 

Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims that may be allowed or enforced under our patents or in third-party patents. For example, we or our licensors might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by each of our pending patent applications and issued patents; we or our licensors might not have been the first to file patent applications for these inventions; others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies; it is possible that none of our pending patent applications or the pending patent applications of our licensors will result in issued patents; our issued patents and issued patents of our licensors may not provide a basis for commercially viable technologies, or may not provide us with any competitive advantages, or may be challenged and invalidated by third parties; and, we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable.

 

As a result, our owned and licensed patents may not be valid, and we may not be able to obtain and enforce patents and to maintain trade secret protection for the full commercial extent of our technology. The extent to which we are unable to do so could materially harm our business.

 

We or our licensors have applied for and will continue to apply for patents for certain products. Such applications may not result in the issuance of any patents, and any patents now held or that may be issued may not provide us with adequate protection from competition. Furthermore, it is possible that patents issued or licensed to us may be challenged successfully. In that event, if we have a preferred competitive position because of such patents, such preferred position would be lost. If we are unable to secure or to continue to maintain a preferred position, we could become subject to competition from the sale of generic products. Failure to receive, inability to protect, or expiration of our patents for medical use, manufacture, conjugation and labeling of Ac-225, the antibodies that we license from third parties, or subsequent related filings, would adversely affect our business and operations.

  

Patents issued or licensed to us may be infringed by the products or processes of others. The cost of enforcing our patent rights against infringers, if such enforcement is required, could be significant, and we do not currently have the financial resources to fund such litigation. Further, such litigation can go on for years and the time demands could interfere with our normal operations. There has been substantial litigation and other proceedings regarding patent and other intellectual property rights in the pharmaceutical industry. We may become a party to patent litigation and other proceedings. The cost to us of any patent litigation, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation more effectively than we can because of their substantially greater financial resources. Litigation may also absorb significant management time.

 

Unpatented trade secrets, improvements, confidential know-how and continuing technological innovation are important to our scientific and commercial success. Although we attempt to and will continue to attempt to protect our proprietary information through reliance on trade secret laws and the use of confidentiality agreements with our partners, collaborators, employees and consultants and other appropriate means, these measures may not effectively prevent disclosure of our proprietary information, and, in any event, others may develop independently, or obtain access to, the same or similar information.

 

Certain of our patent rights are licensed to us by third parties. If we fail to comply with the terms of these license agreements, our rights to those patents may be terminated, and we will be unable to conduct our business.

 

If we are found to be infringing on patents or trade secrets owned by others, we may be forced to cease or alter our product development efforts, obtain a license to continue the development or sale of our products, and/or pay damages.

 

Our manufacturing processes and potential products may violate proprietary rights of patents that have been or may be granted to competitors, universities or others, or the trade secrets of those persons and entities. As the pharmaceutical industry expands and more patents are issued, the risk increases that our processes and potential products may give rise to claims that they infringe the patents or trade secrets of others. These other persons could bring legal actions against us claiming damages and seeking to enjoin clinical testing, manufacturing and marketing of the affected product or process. If any of these actions are successful, in addition to any potential liability for damages, we could be required to obtain a license in order to continue to conduct clinical tests, manufacture or market the affected product or use the affected process. Required licenses may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and the results of litigation are uncertain. If we become involved in litigation or other proceedings, it could consume a substantial portion of our financial resources and the efforts of our personnel.

 

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Our ability to protect and enforce our patents does not guarantee that we will secure the right to commercialize our patents.

 

A patent is a limited monopoly right conferred upon an inventor, and his successors in title, in return for the making and disclosing of a new and non-obvious invention. This monopoly is of limited duration but, while in force, allows the patent holder to prevent others from making and/or using its invention. While a patent gives the holder this right to exclude others, it is not a license to commercialize the invention where other permissions may be required for commercialization to occur. For example, a drug cannot be marketed without the appropriate authorization from the FDA, regardless of the existence of a patent covering the product. Further, the invention, even if patented itself, cannot be commercialized if it infringes the valid patent rights of another party.

 

We rely on confidentiality agreements to protect our trade secrets. If these agreements are breached by our employees or other parties, our trade secrets may become known to our competitors.

 

We rely on trade secrets that we seek to protect through confidentiality agreements with our employees and other parties. If these agreements are breached, our competitors may obtain and use our trade secrets to gain a competitive advantage over us. We may not have any remedies against our competitors and any remedies that may be available to us may not be adequate to protect our business or compensate us for the damaging disclosure. In addition, we may have to expend resources to protect our interests from possible infringement by others.

  

The use of hazardous materials, including radioactive and biological materials, in our research and development efforts imposes certain compliance costs on us and may subject us to liability for claims arising from the use or misuse of these materials.

 

Our research, development and manufacturing activities involve the controlled use of hazardous materials, including chemicals, radioactive and biological materials, such as radioactive isotopes. We are subject to federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations governing, among other matters, the handling, storage, use and disposal of these materials and some waste products. We cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury from these materials and we could be held liable for any damages that result, which could exceed our financial resources. We currently maintain insurance coverage for injuries resulting from the hazardous materials we use; however, future claims may exceed the amount of our coverage. Also, we do not have insurance coverage for pollution cleanup and removal. Currently the costs of complying with such federal, state, local and foreign environmental regulations are not significant, and consist primarily of waste disposal expenses. However, they could become expensive, and current or future environmental laws or regulations may impair our research, development, production and commercialization efforts.

 

We may undertake international operations, which will subject us to risks inherent with operations outside of the United States.

 

 Although we do not have any international operations at this time, we intend to seek market clearances in foreign markets that we believe will generate significant opportunities. However, even with the cooperating of a commercialization partner, conducting drug development in foreign countries involves inherent risks, including, but not limited to difficulties in staffing, funding and managing foreign operations; unexpected changes in regulatory requirements; export restrictions; tariffs and other trade barriers; difficulties in protecting, acquiring, enforcing and litigating intellectual property rights; fluctuations in currency exchange rates; and potentially adverse tax consequences.

 

If we were to experience any of the difficulties listed above, or any other difficulties, any international development activities and our overall financial condition may suffer and cause us to reduce or discontinue our international development and registration efforts.

 

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We are highly dependent on our key personnel, and if we are not successful in attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel, we may not be able to successfully implement our business strategy.

 

Our future operations and successes depend in large part upon the continued service of key members of our senior management team whom we are highly dependent upon to manage our business. If any member of our current senior management terminates his employment with us and we are unable to find a suitable replacement quickly, the departure could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

Our future success also depends on our ability to identify, attract, hire or engage, retain and motivate other well-qualified managerial, technical, clinical and regulatory personnel. There can be no assurance that such professionals will be available in the market, or that we will be able to retain existing professionals or meet or continue to meet their compensation requirements. Furthermore, the cost base in relation to such compensation, which may include equity compensation, may increase significantly, which could have a material adverse effect on us. Failure to establish and maintain an effective management team and workforce could adversely affect our ability to operate, grow and manage our business.

 

We may be subject, directly or indirectly, to federal and state healthcare fraud and abuse laws, false claims laws, and health information privacy and security laws. If we are unable to comply, or have not fully complied, with such laws, we could face substantial penalties.

 

If we obtain FDA approval for any of our product candidates and begin commercializing those products in the United States, our operations may be directly, or indirectly through our customers, subject to various federal and state fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, the federal False Claims Act, and physician sunshine laws and regulations. These laws may impact, among other things, our proposed sales, marketing, and education programs. In addition, we may be subject to patient privacy regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. The laws that may affect our ability to operate include:

 

  the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, to induce, or in return for, the purchase or recommendation of an item or service reimbursable under a federal healthcare program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs;

 

  federal civil and criminal false claims laws and civil monetary penalty laws, which prohibit, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid, or other third-party payors that are false or fraudulent;

 

  the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, which created federal criminal statutes that prohibit executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program and making false statements relating to healthcare matters;

 

  HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and its implementing regulations, which imposes certain requirements relating to the privacy, security, and transmission of individually identifiable health information;

 

  the federal physician sunshine requirements under PPACA, which require certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics, and medical supplies to report annually to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians, other healthcare providers, and teaching hospitals, and ownership and investment interests held by physicians and other healthcare providers and their immediate family members and applicable group purchasing organizations;

 

  state law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws that may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers; state laws that require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the relevant compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government, or otherwise restrict payments that may be made to healthcare providers and other potential referral sources; state laws that require drug manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians and other healthcare providers or marketing expenditures; and state laws governing the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways, thus complicating compliance efforts.

 

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Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the statutory exceptions and safe harbors available, it is possible that some of our business activities could be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws. In addition, recent health care reform legislation has strengthened these laws. For example, the PPACA, among other things, amends the intent requirement of the federal anti-kickback and criminal healthcare fraud statutes. A person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of this statute or specific intent to violate it to have committed a violation. Moreover, the PPACA provides that the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act.

 

If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any other governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from participation in government health care programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, imprisonment, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations.

  

Recent federal legislation will increase pressure to reduce prices of pharmaceutical products paid for by Medicare, which could materially adversely affect our revenue, if any, and our results of operations.  

 

In the United States, the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003, also called the MMA, changed the way Medicare covers and pays for pharmaceutical products. The legislation expanded Medicare coverage for drug purchases by the elderly and introduced a new reimbursement methodology based on average sales prices for physician-administered drugs. In addition, this legislation provided authority for limiting the number of drugs that will be covered in any therapeutic class. As a result of this legislation and the expansion of federal coverage of drug products, we expect that there will be additional pressure to reduce costs. These cost reduction initiatives and other provisions of this legislation could decrease the scope of coverage and the price that we receive for any approved products and could harm our business. While the MMA applies only to drug benefits for Medicare beneficiaries, private payors often follow Medicare coverage policies and payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement rates, and any reduction in reimbursement that results from the MMA may cause a similar reduction in payments from private payors. This legislation may pose an even greater risk to our drug candidates as a significant portion of the target patient population for our drug candidates would likely be over 65 years of age and, therefore, many such patients will be covered by Medicare.

 

In March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the PPACA, became law in the United States. The goal of the PPACA is to reduce the cost of healthcare and substantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursement policies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, the PPACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which could negatively affect market acceptance of our drug candidates, if approved, or any of our future products. In 2012, members of the U.S. Congress and some state legislatures sought to overturn certain provisions of the PPACA including those concerning the mandatory purchase of insurance. However, on June 28, 2012, the United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of these provisions. Members of the U.S. Congress have since proposed a number of legislative initiatives, including possible repeal of the PPACA. We cannot predict the outcome or impact of current proposals or whether new proposals will be made or adopted, when they may be adopted or what impact they may have on us if they are adopted. These challenges add to the uncertainty of the legislative changes as part of ACA. Changes that may affect our business include those governing enrollment in federal healthcare programs, reimbursement changes, fraud and abuse and enforcement. These changes will impact existing government healthcare programs and will result in the development of new programs, including Medicare payment for performance initiatives and improvements to the physician quality reporting system and feedback program.

 

Managing our growth as we expand operations may strain our resources.

        

We expect to need to grow rapidly in order to support additional, larger, and potentially international, pivotal clinical trials of our product candidates, which will place a significant strain on our financial, managerial and operational resources. In order to achieve and manage growth effectively, we must continue to improve and expand our operational and financial management capabilities. Moreover, we will need to increase staffing and to train, motivate and manage our employees. All of these activities will increase our expenses and may require us to raise additional capital sooner than expected. Failure to manage growth effectively could materially harm our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

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We may expand our business through the acquisition of rights to new product candidates that could disrupt our business, harm our financial condition and may also dilute current stockholders’ ownership interests in our company.

 

Our business strategy includes expanding our products and capabilities, and we may seek acquisitions of product candidates, antibodies or technologies to do so. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including substantial cash expenditures; potentially dilutive issuance of equity securities; incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities, some of which may be difficult or impossible to identify at the time of acquisition; difficulties in assimilating acquired technologies or the operations of the acquired companies; diverting our management’s attention away from other business concerns; risks of entering markets in which we have limited or no direct experience; and the potential loss of our key employees or key employees of the acquired companies.

 

We can make no assurances that any acquisition will result in short-term or long-term benefits to us. We may incorrectly judge the value or worth of an acquired product, company or business. In addition, our future success would depend in part on our ability to manage the rapid growth associated with some of these acquisitions. We cannot assure that we will be able to make the combination of our business with that of acquired products, businesses or companies work or be successful. Furthermore, the development or expansion of our business or any acquired products, business or companies may require a substantial capital investment by us. We may not have these necessary funds, or they might not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. We may also seek to raise funds by selling shares of our preferred or common stock, which could dilute each current stockholder’s ownership interest in the Company.

  

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

 

The sale of securities by us in any equity or debt financing could result in dilution to our existing stockholders and have a material adverse effect on our earnings.

 

We have financed our operations primarily through sales of stock and warrants. It is likely that during the next twelve months we will seek to raise additional capital through the sales of stock and warrants in order to expand our level of operations to continue our research and development efforts.

 

Any sale of common stock by us in a future offering could result in dilution to our existing stockholders as a direct result of our issuance of additional shares of our capital stock. In addition, our business strategy may include expansion through internal growth or by establishing strategic relationships with targeted customers and vendors. In order to do so, or to finance the cost of our other activities, we may issue additional equity securities that could dilute our stockholders’ stock ownership. We may also assume additional debt and incur impairment losses related to goodwill and other tangible assets if we acquire another company and this could negatively impact our earnings and results of operations.

 

Our Common Stock has been considered a Penny Stock.

 

During 2018, 2017 and 2016, the price of our common stock has traded below $5.00 per share, and therefore has been treated as a penny stock. Penny stocks generally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00. Penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document that provides information about penny stocks and the risks in the penny stock market. The broker-dealer also must provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction, and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account. The broker-dealer must also make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction. These requirements may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity, if any, in the secondary market for a security that becomes subject to the penny stock rules. The additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by such requirements may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our securities, which could severely limit their market price and liquidity of our securities. These requirements may restrict the ability of broker-dealers to sell our common stock and may affect your ability to resell our common stock.

  

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Our common stock is subject to price volatility which could lead to losses by stockholders and potential costly security litigation.

 

The trading volume of our common stock has been and may continue to be extremely limited and sporadic. We expect the market price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially due to a variety of factors, including market perception of our ability to achieve our planned growth, quarterly operating results of other companies in the same industry, trading volume in our common stock, changes in general conditions in the economy and the financial markets or other developments affecting our competitors or us. This volatility has had a significant effect on the market price of securities issued by many companies for reasons unrelated to their operating performance and could have the same effect on our common stock.

  

The trading price of our Common Stock may be highly volatile and could fluctuate in response to factors such as:

 

  actual or anticipated variations in our operating results;

 

  announcements of developments by us or our competitors;

 

  the timing of IND and/or BLA approval, the completion and/or results of our clinical trials;

 

  regulatory actions regarding our products;

 

  announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

 

  adoption of new accounting standards affecting our industry;

 

  additions or departures of key personnel;

 

  introduction of new products by us or our competitors;

 

  sales of our Common Stock or other securities in the open market; and

 

  other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.

 

The stock market is subject to significant price and volume fluctuations. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been initiated against such a company. Litigation initiated against us, whether or not successful, could result in substantial costs and diversion of our management’s attention and our resources, which could harm our business and financial condition.

  

We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock, so any returns will be determined by the value of our common stock.

 

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. For the foreseeable future, it is expected that earnings, if any, generated from our operations will be used to finance the growth of our business, and that no dividends will be paid to holders of our common stock. As a result, the success of an investment in our common stock will depend upon any future appreciation in its value. There is no guarantee that our common stock will appreciate in value.

 

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Certain provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and Delaware law make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us and make a takeover more difficult to complete, even if such a transaction were in our stockholders’ interest.

 

Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may delay or discourage transactions involving an actual or potential change in our control or change in our management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares, or transactions that our stockholders might otherwise deem to be in their best interests. Therefore, these provisions could adversely affect the price of our stock. Among other things, the certificate of incorporation and bylaws:

 

  provide that the authorized number of directors may be changed by resolution of the board of directors;
     
  provide that all vacancies, including newly-created directorships, may, except as otherwise required by law, be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum;
     
  divide the board of directors into three classes;
     
  provide that stockholders seeking to present proposals before a meeting of stockholders or to nominate candidates for election as directors at a meeting of stockholders must provide notice in writing in a timely manner, and meet specific requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder’s notice;

  

In addition, we are governed by Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a public Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A “business combination” includes mergers, asset sales or other transactions resulting in a financial benefit to the stockholder. An “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years, did own, 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock. These provisions may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in our control.

 

Compliance with the reporting requirements of federal securities laws can be expensive.

 

We are subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securities laws, and the compliance obligations of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission and furnishing audited reports to stockholders are substantial. In addition, we will incur substantial expenses in connection with the preparation of registration statements and related documents with respect any offerings of our common stock.

 

Our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.

 

Our ability to utilize our federal net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards may be limited under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code.  The limitations apply if we experience an “ownership change”, generally defined as a greater than 50 percentage point change in the ownership of our equity by certain stockholders over a rolling three-year period. Similar provisions of state tax law may also apply. We have not assessed whether such an ownership change has previously occurred. If we have experienced an ownership change at any time since our formation, we may already be subject to limitations on our ability to utilize our existing net operating losses and other tax attributes to offset taxable income. In addition, future changes in our stock ownership, which may be outside of our control, may trigger an ownership change and, consequently, the limitations under Sections 382 and 383 of the Code. As a result, if or when we earn net taxable income, our ability to use our pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes to offset such taxable income may be subject to limitations, which could adversely affect our future cash flows.

  

Failure to establish and maintain adequate finance infrastructure and accounting systems and controls could impair our ability to comply with the financial reporting and internal controls requirements for publicly traded companies.

 

As a public company, we operate in an increasingly demanding regulatory environment, including with respect to more complex accounting rules. Company responsibilities required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, include establishing and maintaining corporate oversight and adequate internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to help prevent financial fraud.

 

Our compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant management efforts. We complied with Section 404 at December 31, 2018 and 2017 and while our testing did not reveal any material weaknesses in our internal controls, subsequent testing by our independent registered public accounting firm may reveal material weaknesses in our internal controls that we would be required to remediate in a timely manner so as to be able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act each year. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner each year, we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC, NYSE American or other regulatory authorities which would require additional financial and management resources and could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Furthermore, if we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our business and results of operations could be harmed, and investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information.

      

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

 

None.

 

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

 

We do not own any real property. We lease offices at 275 Madison Avenue, New York, NY. The lease is for 5,790 square feet and has a term of seven years and three months, with an expiration date of September 6, 2022, with a current annual rate of $312,660 until June 8, 2019 and $341,610 for the remaining life of the lease. We are also responsible for certain other costs, such as insurance, taxes, utilities and maintenance. We issued a letter of credit of $390,825 in connection with the lease and maintained a $391,131 certified deposit as collateral for the letter of credit. 

 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

 

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

 

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

 

Not Applicable. 

   

 

33

 

  

PART II

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

 

Market Information

 

Our common stock is listed for quotation on the NYSE AMERICAN under the symbol “ATNM”.

 

Holders

 

As of March 15, 2019, there were 119,136,036 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, which were held by approximately 97 holders of record. There are no shares of preferred stock outstanding. On March 14, 2019, the closing price of our common stock as reported on the NYSE AMERICAN was $0.57 per share. 

 

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

 

We currently have two equity compensation plans defined as follows:

 

The Company’s 2013 Stock Plan has an expiration date of September 9, 2023 and the total number of shares of our common stock available for grant to employees, directors and consultants under the plan is currently 22,750,000 shares. At our Annual Meeting of Stockholders held in December 2018, our stockholders increased the number of shares available to be granted under the 2013 Stock Plan from 17,750,000 shares to 22,750,000 shares.

 

The Company’s 2013 Equity Incentive Plan has an expiration date of September 9, 2023 and the total number of shares of our common stock available for grant to employees, directors and consultants under the plan is 1,000,000 shares.

 

The following table indicates shares of common stock authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2018:

 

Plan category   Number of
securities to
be issued
upon exercise
of outstanding
options,
warrants
and rights
    Weighted-
average
exercise
price of
outstanding
options,
warrants
and rights
    Number of
securities
remaining
available
for future
issuance
 
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders     7,236,101     $ 1.74       15,912,235  
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders     -       -       -  
Total     7,236,101     $ 1.74       15,912,235  

   

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

 

The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and other financial data included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The selected statements of operations and the selected balance sheet data are derived from our consolidated audited financial statements.

 

    Year Ended December 31,  
    2018     2017     2016     2015     2014  
Statements of Operations Data:                              
Revenues   $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -  
Loss from operations   $ (23,827,322 )   $ (26,910,788 )   $ (26,847,481 )   $ (24,829,764 )   $ (22,480,544 )
Net loss   $ (23,653,963 )   $ (26,601,235 )   $ (24,321,724 )   $ (21,025,314 )   $ (24,687,509 )
Net loss per common share:                                        
Basic and diluted   $ (0.22 )   $ (0.40 )   $ (0.50 )   $ (0.55 )   $ (0.90 )
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:                                        
Basic and diluted     106,041,809       66,746,389       48,463,268       38,158,480       27,363,748  

 

    As of December 31,  
    2018     2017     2016     2015     2014  
Balance Sheet Data:                              
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 13,673,308     $ 17,399,636     $ 20,519,294     $ 25,643,273     $ 6,706,802  
Total assets   $ 14,889,394     $ 18,337,107     $ 22,528,886     $ 26,587,581     $ 7,569,086  
Total liabilities   $ 6,076,597     $ 4,666,004     $ 4,520,557     $ 4,613,533     $ 9,491,616  
Stockholders’ equity (deficit)   $ 8,812,797     $ 13,671,103     $ 18,008,329     $ 21,974,048     $ (1,922,530 )

 

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION.

 

The information and financial data discussed below is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for its fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.   The consolidated financial statements of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. were prepared and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The information and financial data discussed below is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historical financial statements and related notes of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. contained elsewhere in this Report. The financial statements contained elsewhere in this Report fully represent Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.’s financial condition and operations; however, they are not indicative of the Company’s future performance. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” above for a discussion of forward-looking statements and the significance of such statements in the context of this Report. 

 

Actinium Pharmaceuticals Inc. is a clinical-stage, biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and potentially commercializing therapies for targeted conditioning prior to cell therapies such as a BMT or Bone Marrow Transplant or CAR-T, a type of cellular therapy that genetically alters a patient’s own T cells to target and kill their cancer cells, and for other adoptive cell therapies. In addition, we are also developing potential therapies for targeting and killing of cancer cells either as single agents or in combination with other drugs. Our targeted therapies are Antibody Radiation-Conjugates or ARCs, that combine the targeting ability of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) with the cell-killing ability of a radioisotope to deliver radiation internally in a precise manner to potentially generate more potent efficacy and with less toxicity than radiation that is delivered externally. We are developing two clinical stage ARC programs that target the antigens CD45 and CD33, respectively, that are currently being studied in several hematologic indications. We employ our ARCs at higher doses of radioisotope intensity for targeted conditioning prior to a BMT and at lower doses for targeted conditioning which is also known as lymphodepletion prior to CAR-T and other adoptive cell therapies. In addition, we are pursuing development of our ARC’s at low doses in combination with other therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy, targeted agents or immunotherapy and as a monotherapy. Our ARC based clinical programs are underpinned by our AWE or Antibody Warhead Enabling technology platform where we have data in both liquid and solid tumors, intellectual property and know-how that we intend to use to create additional ARCs targeting new antigens with multiple radioisotopes such as actinium-225 or Ac-225 or and iodine-131 or I-131. Our AWE technology platform is currently being utilized in a research collaboration with Astellas Pharma, Inc. centered around our technology for Ac-225.  

 

We have never generated revenue. Currently we do not have a recurring source of revenues to cover our operating costs. We have incurred net losses and negative operating cash flows since inception. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, our accumulated deficit was $186.9 million and $163.2 million, respectively. Our net loss was $23.7 million, $26.6 million, and $24.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These conditions raise substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern. As of December 31, 2018, we had $13.7 million in cash and cash equivalents. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared using Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities should we be unable to continue as a going concern. As of the date of filing this report, we expect that our existing resources will be sufficient to fund our planned operations into the fourth quarter of 2019; however, additional capital resources will be needed to fund operations longer-term. If we are unsuccessful in accomplishing our plans, we may have to delay or terminate existing and/or planned clinical trials and other related activity, which could have a material adverse impact on our business. Our plan to continue as a going concern is includes obtaining capital from the sale of our equity securities, potential exercise of outstanding warrants, fees from licensing one or more of our product candidates, additional collaborations with our Iomab-ACT program and AWE technology platform, and short-term borrowings from banks, stockholders or other related parties, if needed. However, we cannot provide any assurance that we will be successful in accomplishing any of our plans. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to successfully accomplish the plans described above and eventually to secure other sources of financing and attain profitable operations.

   

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Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2017

 

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, data derived from our statements of operations:

 

    For the year ended
December 31,
   

 

Increase

 
    2018     2017     (Decrease)  
                   
Revenues   $ -     $ -     $ -  
                         
Operating expenses:                        
Research and development, net of reimbursements     17,094,778       17,719,855       (625,077 )
General and administrative     6,732,544       9,190,933       (2,453,389 )
Total operating expenses     23,827,322       26,910,788       (3,083,466 )
                         
Other income                        
Interest income     173,359       5,430       167,929  
Gain on change in fair value of derivative liabilities     -       304,123       (304,123 )
Total other income     173,359       309,553       (136,194 )
                         
Net loss   $ (23,653,963 )   $ (26,601,235 )   $ (2,947,272 )

 

Revenues

 

We recorded no commercial revenues for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

Research and Development Expense

  

In March 2018, we entered into a research and option agreement with Astellas to develop Actinium-225 Radiation-Conjugates, or ARCs, using our Actinium Warhead Enabling, or AWE, Platform Technology. Under this collaboration, we will utilize our AWE Platform to conjugate and label selected Astellas targeting agents with an Actinium-225 payload. We will also be responsible for conducting preclinical validation studies on any ARCs generated.

 

Research and development expenses declined by $0.7 million to $17.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to $17.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The decrease was primarily attributable to the recognition of payments received from Astellas, with such payments accounted for as a reduction in research and development expenses, as well as lower expenses related to Actimab-A and lower non-cash stock-based compensation expense.

 

General and Administrative Expenses

 

General and administrative expenses declined by $2.5 million to $6.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to $9.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to lower compensation expense, resulting from lower non-cash stock-based compensation expense during 2018 and one-time charges paid to certain former employees in 2017.

 

Other Income (Expense)

 

Other income of $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 was attributable to interest income.

 

Historically, we accounted for certain instruments which do not have fixed settlement provisions as derivative instruments in accordance with FASB ASC 815-40 , Derivative and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity . This was due to an anti-dilution provision for certain warrants that provide for a reduction to the exercise price if we issued equity or equity-linked instruments at an effective price per share less than the exercise price then in effect for the warrant, or a “down round provision”. As such, the warrants were re-measured at each balance sheet date based on estimated fair value. Changes in estimated fair value were recorded as non-cash adjustments within other income in our accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. We recorded a gain on the change in the estimated fair value of warrants of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.

 

As of April 1, 2018, we early adopted Accounting Standard Update, or ASU, 2017-11, which revised the guidance for instruments with down-round provisions. As such, we treated outstanding warrants as free-standing equity-linked instruments that are recorded to equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2018. As a result, there was no gain or loss from the valuation of the derivative liability recorded for the year ended December 31, 2018. 

 

37

 

 

Net Loss

  

Net loss decreased by $2.9 million to $23.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to $26.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The decrease was primarily due to lower general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses. 

 

Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2016

 

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, data derived from our statements of operations:

 

    For the year ended
December 31,
    Increase  
    2017     2016     (Decrease)  
                   
Revenues   $ -     $ -     $ -  
                         
Operating expenses:                        
Research and development, net of reimbursements     17,719,855       17,828,287       (108,432 )
General and administrative     9,190,933       9,019,194       171,739  
Total operating expenses     26,910,788       26,847,481       63,307  
                         
Other income (expense)                        
Interest income (expense)     5,430       (5,007 )     10,437  
Gain on change in fair value of derivative liabilities     304,123       2,530,764       (2,226,641 )
Total other income (expense)     309,553       2,525,757       (2,216,204 )
                         
Net loss   $ (26,601,235 )   $ (24,321,724 )   $ (2,279,511 )

 

Revenues

 

We recorded no commercial revenues for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

 

Research and Development Expense

 

Research and development expenses declined $0.1 million to $17.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $17.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to the higher expenses in 2016 resulting from start-up costs for a Phase 2 trial for Actimab-A and closing costs associated with a Phase 1 trial of Actimab A, mostly offset by higher expenses related to Iomab-B. 

 

General and Administrative Expenses

 

General and administrative expenses increased by $0.2 million to $9.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $9.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily as a result of one-time charges paid to certain former employees and higher professional fees. 

 

Other Income (Expense)

 

Other income (expense) was $0.3 million and $2.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decline is attributable to the fluctuation of our stock price and its impact on the derivative value of certain warrants we issued in connection with a financing in December 2012. 

 

Net Loss

 

Net loss increased by $2.3 million to $26.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $24.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase was primarily due to one-time charges paid to certain former employees and the decrease in noncash other income, resulting from the lower gain on the change in fair value of our derivative warrant liabilities. 

 

38

 

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

We have financed our operations primarily through sales of our stock and warrants.

 

The following tables sets forth selected cash flow information for the periods indicated:

 

    For the year ended
December 31,
 
    2018     2017     2016  
                   
Cash used in operating activities   $ (20,571,056 )   $ (21,553,346 )   $ (20,789,237 )
Cash used in investing activities     (96,092 )     (24,739 )     (109,819 )
Cash provided by financing activities     16,981,086       18,814,634       15,775,077  
                         
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash   $ (3,686,062 )   $ (2,763,451 )   $ (5,123,979 )

 

For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 

 

Net cash used in operating activities was $20.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, a decline of $1.0 million compared to $21.6 million used in operations for the year ended December 31, 2017. The decrease reflects our lower research and development expenses, our receipt of payments from Astellas and lower compensation.

 

Net cash used in investing activities of $96 thousand and $25 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, was for the purchase of equipment.

 

Net cash provided by financing activities was mainly generated by the sale of shares of common stock and warrants.

 

 On October 18, 2018, we entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC or Lincoln Park, whereby we have the right to sell to Lincoln Park shares of common stock having an aggregate value of up to $32.5 million, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the agreements. As consideration for entering into the agreements, we issued to Lincoln Park 852,537 shares of common stock.

 

Pursuant to the purchase agreement, Lincoln Park initially purchased 3.4 million shares of common stock, at a price of $0.74 per share, for a total gross purchase price of $2.5 million. We have the right, from time to time, subject to certain daily limitations, to direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to an additional $30.0 million. We control the timing and amount of any sales of common stock to Lincoln Park. In all instances, we may not sell shares of common stock to Lincoln Park if it would result in Lincoln Park beneficially owning more than 9.99% of its common stock.

 

The purchase agreement does not limit our ability to raise capital from other sources, except that (subject to certain exceptions) we may not enter into any variable-rate transaction, including the issuance of any floating conversion rate or variable priced equity-like securities) during the 30 months after the date of the purchase agreement. We have the right to terminate the purchase agreement at any time, at no cost to us.

 

Through December 31, 2018, we elected to sell to Lincoln Park an additional 1.0 million shares and received $0.7 million.

 

In March 2018, we sold an aggregate of 30.2 million units consisting of an aggregate of 30.2 million shares of common stock, 7.6 million series A warrants and 22.7 million series B warrants, with each series A warrant having an exercise price of $0.60 per share and each series B warrant having an exercise price of $0.70 per share, resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $15.1 million, (each unit was sold at $0.50 per unit), and net proceeds of approximately $13.8 million after deducting expenses relating to dealer-manager fees and other offering expenses.

 

39

 

 

For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 

 

Net cash used in operating activities was $21.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $20.8 million used in operations for the year ended December 31, 2016, the increase was due to increased activity from our clinical trials and one-time charges paid to certain former employees. 

 

Net cash used in investing activities was $25 thousand and $110 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

 

Net cash provided by financing activities was $18.8 million and $15.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

 

During 2017, we issued 2.7 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $4.0 million as part of an at-the-market sales agreement with an investment bank. We paid expenses of approximately $0.2 million resulting in net proceeds of $3.8 million.

 

In August 2017, we completed an underwritten public offering of 21.5 million shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 18.3 million shares of common stock at an offering price of $0.75 per share and related warrant. The warrants have an exercise price of $1.05 per share and have a term of five years. The gross proceeds from this offering were approximately $16.1 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company resulting in net proceeds of approximately $15.0 million.

 

In October 2016, we sold 8.0 million shares of common stock at a price of $1.25 per share through an underwritten public offering.

 

During 2016, we issued 3.5 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $6.8 million as part of an at-the-market sales agreement with an investment bank .

 

As of the date of filing this report, we expect that our existing resources will be sufficient to fund our planned operations into the fourth quarter of 2019; however, additional capital resources will be needed to fund operations longer-term. If we are unsuccessful in accomplishing our plans, we may have to delay or terminate existing and/or planned clinical trials and other related activity, which could have a material adverse impact on our business. Our plan to continue as a going concern is includes obtaining capital from the sale of our equity securities, potential exercise of outstanding warrants, fees from licensing one or more of our product candidates, additional collaborations with our Iomab-ACT program and AWE technology platform, and short-term borrowings from banks, stockholders or other related parties, if needed. However, we cannot provide any assurance that we will be successful in accomplishing any of our plans. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to successfully accomplish the plans described above and eventually to secure other sources of financing and attain profitable operations.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our consolidated financial statements during the reporting periods. These items are monitored and analyzed by us for changes in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results for the period in which they become known. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value hierarchy has been established for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

 

  Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

 

40

 

 

  Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.

 

  Level 3 Inputs – Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

 

Research and Development Costs

 

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development reimbursements and grants are recorded by us as a reduction of research and development costs.

 

Share-Based Payments

 

We estimate the fair value of each stock option award at the grant date by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value determined represents the cost for the award and is recognized over the vesting period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. We account for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.

 

Income Taxes

 

We use the asset and liability method to calculate deferred taxes. Deferred taxes are recognized based on the differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. We review deferred tax assets for a valuation allowance based upon whether it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be fully realized. A valuation allowance, if necessary, is provided against deferred tax assets, based upon our assessment as to their realization.

 

We recognize tax when the positions meet a “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold. There were no tax positions for which it is considered reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease within the next year. We recognize interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses.

 

Accounting Standards Recently Adopted

 

In November 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) amending the presentation of restricted cash within the consolidated statements of cash flows. The new guidance requires that restricted cash be added to cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated statements of cash flows. We adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018 on a retrospective basis with the following impact to our consolidated statements of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2017:

 

    Previously Reported     Adjustment     As Revised  
Net cash used in investing activities   $ (380,946 )   $ 356,207     $ (24,739 )

 

As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had a certified deposit of $391,131 and $390,940, respectively, as collateral for a letter of credit issued in connection with a lease agreement and as of December 31, 2018, we had restricted cash of $40,075 related to credit card accounts.

 

41

 

 

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers . Under the new standard, revenue is recognized at the time a good or service is transferred to a customer for the amount of consideration for which the entity expects to be entitled for that specific good or service. Entities may use a full retrospective approach or report the cumulative effect as of the date of adoption. We adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018 and the adoption did not have a significant impact to our financial statements.

 

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features . These amendments simplify the accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. The amendments require companies to disregard the down round feature when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to its own stock, for purposes of determining liability or equity classification. The guidance was adopted as of April 1, 2018.

 

Recent Accounting Standards  

 

From time to time, new accounting standards are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies. Unless otherwise discussed, we believe that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations upon adoption.

 

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842), which creates new accounting and reporting guidelines for leasing arrangements. The standard requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize on its balance sheet a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The guidance in ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Our initial evaluation of our current leases does not indicate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated statements of operations. We do expect that the adoption of the standard will have an impact on our consolidated balance sheets for the recognition of certain operating leases as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities

 

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07 to expand the scope of ASC Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation , to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on our financial statements and related disclosures, but this is not expected to have an impact on our financial statements.

 

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework (Topic 820). The updated guidance improves the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements and is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted upon issuance of the standard for disclosures modified or removed with a delay of adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. We are in the process of evaluating the provisions of the ASU but do not expect it to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

 

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-18, C ollaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction Between Topic 808 and Topic 606, which, among other things, provides guidance on how to assess whether certain collaborative arrangement transactions should be accounted for under Topic 606. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact the standard will have on our financial statements.

 

Subsequent Events

 

In January 2019, we sold 924,500 common shares through our at-the-market program and realized net proceeds of $0.4 million.

 

Since December 31, 2018, holders of our March 2018 Series A warrants exercised 2.5 million shares, resulting in proceeds to us of $1.5 million.

 

Since December 31, 2018, we granted stock options to our employees to purchase a total of 530,000 common shares at a price range from $0.43 to $0.58 per share related to new hires.

 

On March 6, 2019, the Company executed an amendment to the Company’s 2013 Amended and Restated Stock Plan, as amended (the “ Plan Amendment ”). The Plan Amendment increases the number of shares of common stock that the Company is authorized to issue under the plan to 22,750,000 shares.

 

On March 6, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to increase the number of authorized shares of Actinium’s common stock from 400,000,000 to 600,000,000 shares.

 

42

 

   

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

   

We are not currently exposed to significant market risk related to changes in interest rates. As of December 31, 2018, our cash equivalents consisted of primarily of short-term money market funds. Our primary exposure to market risk is interest rate sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. Due to the short-term nature of the cash equivalents in our portfolio and the low risk profile of our cash equivalents, an immediate 10% change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair market value of our financial position or results of operations.

 

We are not currently exposed to significant market risk related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Our operations may be subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates in the future.

 

Inflation generally affects us by increasing our cost of labor and clinical trial costs. We do not believe that inflation had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

 

43

 

 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

 

REPORT OF MANAGEMENT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

 

The management of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Actinium”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Actinium’s internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the company’s management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.

 

Actinium management assessed the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013 framework). Based on its assessment, Actinium management believes that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.

 

Marcum, LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the financial statements included in this Annual Report, has issued an attestation report on the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

/s/ Sandesh Seth  
   
Sandesh Seth  
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer  
March 15, 2019  

 

F- 1

 

  

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

New York, New York

 

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

We have audited Actinium Pharmaceutical, Inc.’s (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended of the Company and our report dated March 15, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion with an explanatory paragraph related to the substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern on those financial statements.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of the inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

/s/ Marcum LLP  
   
Marcum LLP  
Houston, Texas  
March 15, 2019  

 

F- 2

 

  

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

New York, New York

 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Actinium Pharmaceutical, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in 2013 and our report dated March 15, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Explanatory Paragraph – Going Concern

 

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations, negative cash flows and has an accumulated deficit that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/s/ Marcum LLP  
   
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2012.
   
Marcum LLP  
Houston, Texas  
March 15, 2019  

 

F- 3

 

  

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

New York, New York

 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”).

 

In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/s/ GBH CPAs, PC  
   
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2012.
   
GBH CPAs, PC  
www.gbhcpas.com  
Houston, Texas  
March 16, 2018  

 

F- 4

 

 

Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

    December 31,
2018
    December 31,
2017
 
             
Assets            
Current Assets:            
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 13,673,308     $ 17,399,636  
Restricted cash – current     40,075       -  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets     616,222       439,322  
Total Current Assets     14,329,605       17,838,958  
                 
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $266,381 and $215,660     118,799       57,350  
Security deposit     49,859       49,859  
Restricted cash     391,131       390,940  
Total Assets   $ 14,889,394     $ 18,337,107  
                 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity                
                 
Current Liabilities:                
Accounts payable and accrued expenses   $ 5,814,004     $ 4,650,088  
Note payable     249,239       -  
Derivative liabilities     -       15,916  
Total Current Liabilities     6,063,243       4,666,004  
                 
Long-term capital lease obligation     13,354       -  
Total Liabilities     6,076,597       4,666,004  
                 
Commitments and contingencies                
                 
Stockholders’ Equity:                
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding     -       -  
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 600,000,000 and 400,000,000 shares authorized; 115,703,044 and 80,072,334 shares issued and outstanding     115,703       80,072  
Additional paid-in capital     195,554,332       176,744,068  
Accumulated deficit     (186,857,238 )     (163,153,037 )
Total Stockholders’ Equity     8,812,797       13,671,103  
                 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity   $ 14,889,394     $ 18,337,107  

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

F- 5

 

 

Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

 

    For the Year Ended
December 31,
 
    2018     2017     2016  
                   
Revenue   $ -     $ -     $ -  
                         
Operating expenses:                        
Research and development, net of reimbursements     17,094,778       17,719,855       17,828,287  
General and administrative     6,732,544       9,190,933       9,019,194  
Total operating expenses     23,827,322       26,910,788       26,847,481  
                         
Loss from operations     (23,827,322 )     (26,910,788 )     (26,847,481 )
                         
Other income (expense):                        
Interest income (expense)     173,359       5,430       (5,007 )
Gain on change in fair value of derivative liabilities     -       304,123       2,530,764  
Total other income (expense)     173,359       309,553       2,525,757  
                         
Net loss   $ (23,653,963 )   $ (26,601,235 )   $ (24,321,724 )
                         
Net loss per common share - basic and diluted   $ (0.22 )   $ (0.40 )   $ (0.50 )
                         
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted     106,041,809       66,746,389       48,463,268  

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

F- 6

 

 

Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

For the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

 

    Common Stock     Additional Paid-In     Accumulated     Stockholders’  
    Shares     Amount     Capital     Deficit     Equity  
Balance, January 1, 2016     44,066,541     $ 44,067     $ 134,160,059     $ (112,230,078 )   $ 21,974,048  
                                         
Stock-based compensation     81,700       82       4,297,696       -       4,297,778  
Sale of common stock and warrants, net of offering costs     11,504,427       11,504       16,011,163       -       16,022,667  
Issuance of common stock from exercise of options     23,212       23       18,082       -       18,105  
Issuance of common stock from exercise of warrants     125,862       126       (126 )     -       -  
Transfer of warrant derivatives from liability to equity classification     -       -       17,455       -       17,455  
Net loss     -       -       -       (24,321,724 )     (24,321,724 )
Balance, December 31, 2016     55,801,742       55,802       154,504,329       (136,551,802 )     18,008,329  
                                         
Stock-based compensation     93,385       93       3,474,282       -       3,474,375  
Sale of common stock and warrants, net of offering costs     24,172,973       24,173       18,765,461       -       18,789,634  
Issuance of common stock from exercise of warrants     4,234       4       (4 )     -       -  
Net loss     -       -       -       (26,601,235 )     (26,601,235 )
Balance, December 31, 2017     80,072,334       80,072       176,744,068       (163,153,037 )     13,671,103  
                                         
Modified retroactive adjustment for derivative liability     -       -       66,154       (50,238 )     15,916  
Stock-based compensation     156,393       157       1,798,498       -       1,798,655  
Sale of common stock and warrants, net of offering costs     34,614,448       34,614       16,941,623       -       16,976,237  
                                         
Issuance of commitment shares to Lincoln Park     852,537       853       (853 )     -       -  
Issuance of common stock from exercise of warrants     7,332       7       4,842       -       4,849  
Net loss     -       -       -       (23,653,963 )     (23,653,963 )
Balance, December 31, 2018     115,703,044     $ 115,703     $ 195,554,332     $ (186,857,238 )   $ 8,812,797  

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

F- 7

 

 

Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 

    For the Year Ended
December 31,
 
    2018     2017     2016  
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:                  
Net loss   $ (23,653,963 )   $ (26,601,235 )   $ (24,321,724 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:                        
Stock-based compensation expense     1,798,655       3,493,731       4,297,778  
Depreciation expense     50,721       55,938       77,523  
Gain on change in fair value of derivative liabilities     -       (304,123 )     (2,530,764 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:                        
(Increase) decrease in:                        
Prepaid expenses and other current assets     100,032       1,397,129       (1,032,988 )
Increase in:                        
Accounts payable and accrued expenses     1,133,499       405,214       2,720,938  
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities     (20,571,056 )     (21,553,346 )     (20,789,237 )
                         
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:                        
Payment of security deposit     -       -       (49,859 )
Purchase of property and equipment     (96,092 )     (24,739 )     (59,960 )
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities     (96,092 )     (24,739 )     (109,819 )
                         
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:                        
Payments on note payable     -       -       (265,695 )
Proceeds from sales of shares of common stock and warrants, net of offering costs     16,976,237       18,814,634       16,022,667  
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options     -       -       18,105  
Proceeds from the exercise of warrants     4,849       -       -  
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities     16,981,086       18,814,634       15,775,077  
                         
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash     (3,686,062 )     (2,763,451 )     (5,123,979 )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year     17,790,576       20,554,027       25,678,006  
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year   $ 14,104,514     $ 17,790,576     $ 20,554,027  
                         
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:                        
Cash paid for interest   $ -     $ -     $ 5,007  
Cash paid for taxes   $ -     $ -     $ -  
                         
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:                        
Stock issuance costs included in accounts payable and accrued expenses   $ -     $ 25,000     $ -  
Prepaid expenses financed by accounts payable and notes payable   $ 276,932     $ -     $ -  
Capital lease of office equipment   $ 16,078     $ -     $ -  
Transfer from derivative liability classification to equity classification   $ -     $ -     $ 17,455  

  

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

F- 8

 

  

Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Note 1 - Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Nature of Business - Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”, “Actinium”, or “We”) is a clinical-stage, biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and potentially commercializing therapies for targeted conditioning prior to cell therapies such as a BMT or Bone Marrow Transplant or CAR-T, a type of cellular therapy that genetically alters a patient’s own T cells to target and kill their cancer cells, and for other adoptive cell therapies. In addition, the Company is also developing potential therapies for targeting and killing of cancer cells either as single agents or in combination with other drugs.

 

Going concern - The Company has never generated revenue. Currently it does not have a recurring source of revenue to cover its operating costs. The Company has incurred net losses and negative operating cash flows since inception. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s accumulated deficit was $186.9 million and $163.2 million, respectively. The Company’s net loss was $23.7 million, $26.6 million, and $24.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These conditions raise substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern. As of December 31, 2018, in the Company had a balance of its cash and cash equivalents of $13.7 million. The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. As of the date of filing this report, the Company expects that its existing resources will be sufficient to fund its planned operations into the fourth quarter of 2019; however, additional capital resources will be needed to fund operations longer-term. If the Company is unsuccessful in accomplishing its plans, it may have to delay or terminate existing and/or planned clinical trials and other related activity, which could have a material adverse impact on its business. The Company plans to continue as a going concern include obtaining capital from the sale of its equity securities, potential exercise of outstanding warrants, fees from licensing one or more of our product candidates, additional collaborations with our Iomab-ACT program and AWE technology platform, and short-term borrowings from banks, stockholders or other related parties, if needed. However, the Company cannot provide any assurance that we will be successful in accomplishing any of our plans.

 

The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to successfully accomplish the plans described above and eventually to secure other sources of financing and attain profitable operations.

Principles of Consolidation - The consolidated financial statements include the Company’s accounts and those of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

 

Use of Estimates in Financial Statement Presentation - The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents - The Company considers all highly liquid accounts with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Balances held by the Company are typically in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits.

 

Property and Equipment - Machinery and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives of three to five years. Furniture and fixtures are recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives of seven years. When assets are retired, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any related gain or loss is reflected in operations. Repairs and maintenance expenditures are charged to operations. Capitalized lease assets are recorded at the lesser of the present value of minimum lease payments or fair value and amortized over the estimated useful life of the related property or term of the lease.

 

F- 9

 

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value hierarchy has been established for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. As required by ASC 820 “ Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ”, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

 

Level 1 Inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

 

Level 2 Inputs - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.

 

Level 3 Inputs - Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. 

 

Income Taxes - The Company provides for income taxes using the liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities at each year-end and their respective tax bases, and are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Significant judgment is required by management to determine the Company’s provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the valuation allowance to record against net deferred tax assets, which are based on complex and evolving tax regulations throughout the world.

 

Deferred tax assets and other tax benefits are recorded when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon audit. There were no tax positions for which it is considered reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease within the next year. The Company recognizes interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses.

 

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the Act, was enacted in December 2017. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. As a result, the Company evaluated and adjusted its deferred tax assets to reflect the new corporate tax rates as of December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2018, upon completing its analysis of the Act, the Company believes that its disclosures in its financial statements as of December 31, 2017 remain accurate.

 

Revenue Recognition - The Company adopted new accounting guidance for revenue recognition, effective January 1, 2018, which did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements. Beginning January 1, 2018, revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services .

 

Research and Development Costs - Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development reimbursements are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research and development costs. 

 

Share-Based Payments - The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option award at the grant date by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value determined represents the cost for the award and is recognized over the vesting period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. The Company accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.

 

F- 10

 

 

Net Loss Per Common Share - Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company’s potentially dilutive shares, which include outstanding common stock options and warrants have not been included in the computation of diluted net loss per share as the result would have been anti-dilutive.

 

    December 31,
2018
    December 31,
2017
    December 31,
2016
 
Options     7,236,101       5,174,592       5,906,886  
Warrants     55,820,876       25,662,340       8,964,752  
Total     63,056,977       30,836,932       14,871,638  

  

Subsequent Events - The Company’s management reviewed all material events through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued for subsequent event disclosure consideration.

 

Reclassifications - Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior-year financial statements to conform to the current-year presentation, including the addition of restricted cash to cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated statements of cash flows as a result of the adoption of new accounting guidance.

 

Accounting Standards Recently Adopted - In November 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) amending the presentation of restricted cash within the consolidated statements of cash flows. The new guidance requires that restricted cash be added to cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018 on a retrospective basis with the impact to its consolidated statements of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2017:

 

    Previously Reported     Adjustment     As Revised  
Net cash used in investing activities   $ (380,946 )   $ 356,207     $ (24,739 )

 

There was no impact to the cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 as the amount of restricted cash did not change during 2016.

 

Following is a summary of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively:

 

    December 31,
2018
    December 31,
2017
    December 31,
2016
 
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 13,673,308     $ 17,399,636     $ 20,519,294  
Restricted cash – current     40,075       -       34,733  
Restricted cash – long term     391,131       390,940       -  
Cash and cash equivalent and restricted cash   $ 14,104,514     $ 17,790,576     $ 20,554,027  

  

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers . Under the new standard, revenue is recognized at the time a good or service is transferred to a customer for the amount of consideration for which the entity expects to be entitled for that specific good or service. Entities may use a full retrospective approach or report the cumulative effect as of the date of adoption. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018 and the adoption did not have a significant impact to the Company’s financial statements.

 

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features. These amendments simplify the accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. The amendments require companies to disregard the down round feature when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to its own stock, for purposes of determining liability or equity classification. The guidance was adopted as of April 1, 2018. See Note 2 for further discussion.

 

Recent Accounting Standards –

 

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842), which creates new accounting and reporting guidelines for leasing arrangements. The standard requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize on its balance sheet a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The guidance in ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company’s initial evaluation of its current leases does not indicate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated statements of operations. However, the Company does expect that the adoption of the standard will have an impact on its consolidated balance sheets for the recognition of certain operating leases as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

 

F- 11

 

 

 

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07 to expand the scope of ASC Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation , to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on its financial statements and related disclosures, but does not expect this ASU to have a material impact on its financial statements.

 

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework (Topic 820). The updated guidance improves the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements and is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted upon issuance of the standard for disclosures modified or removed with a delay of adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The Company is in the process of evaluating the provisions of the ASU but does not expect it to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-18, C ollaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction Between Topic 808 and Topic 606, which, among other things, provides guidance on how to assess whether certain collaborative arrangement transactions should be accounted for under Topic 606. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact the standard will have on its financial statements.

 

In August 2018, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification , amending certain disclosure requirements that were redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated or superseded. In addition, the amendments expanded the disclosure requirements on the analysis of stockholders’ equity for interim financial statements. Under the amendments, an analysis of changes in each caption of stockholders’ equity presented in the balance sheet must be provided in a note or separate statement. The analysis should present a reconciliation of the beginning balance to the ending balance of each period for which a statement of comprehensive income is required to be filed. The Company anticipates its first presentation of changes in stockholders’ equity will be included in its Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2019. 

 

Note 2 - Derivative Liabilities

 

Historically, the Company accounted for certain instruments, which do not have fixed settlement provisions, as derivative instruments in accordance with FASB ASC 815-40,  Derivative and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity . This was due to an anti-dilution provision for the warrants that provides for a reduction to the exercise price if the Company issues equity or equity-linked instruments in the future at an effective price per share less than the exercise price then in effect for the warrant (“down round provision”). As such, the warrants were re-measured at each balance sheet date based on estimated fair value. Changes in estimated fair value were recorded as non-cash adjustments within other income (expense), net, in the Company’s accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recorded a gain on the change in the estimated fair value of warrants of $0.3 million and $2.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

 

As of April 1, 2018, the Company early adopted ASU 2017-11, which revised the guidance for instruments with down-round provisions. As such, the Company treats outstanding warrants as free-standing equity-linked instruments that are recorded to equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2018.

 

F- 12

 

  

In accordance with the guidance presented in the ASU 2017-11, the fair value of the derivative liability balance for 57,212 warrants as of December 31, 2017 of $16 thousand was reclassified by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of January 1, 2018. These warrants had an original exercise price of $2.34. The exercise price is adjusted based on a formula whenever the Company issues, or is deemed to have issued, any common shares for no consideration or a consideration per share less than the exercise price of warrants.

 

Prior to the Company’s adoption of ASU 2017-11, the exercise price of the warrants was reset to $1.25 as a result of various offerings. The difference of $5 thousand between the fair value of the warrants with the exercise price prior to the price reset and the fair value of the warrants with the exercise price after the price reset was accounted for as a deemed dividend. The impact of the adoption was as follows:

 

    Amount  
       
Derivative liabilities   $ (15,916 )
         
Additional paid-in capital     66,154  
Accumulated deficit     (50,238 )
Total stockholders’ equity   $ 15,916  

 

The fair value of the derivative warrants was calculated using a binomial valuation model with the following assumptions at December 31, 2017:

 

Market value of common stock on measurement date (1)   $ 0.66  
Adjusted exercise price   $ 1.67  
Risk free interest rate (2)     2.09 %
Warrant lives in years     4.1 years  
Expected volatility (3)     80 %
Expected dividend yield (4)     -  
Probability of stock offering in any period over 5 years (5)     100 %
Offering price estimated as of December 31, 2017 (6)   $ 0.50  

 

(1) The market value of common stock at the above measurement dates was based on the Company’s closing price quoted on the NYSE American.

 

(2) The risk-free interest rate was determined by the Company using the Treasury Bill rate as of the respective measurement date.

 

(3) The volatility was estimated using the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock.

 

(4) Management does not expect to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

 

(5) Management determines the probability of future stock offering at each evaluation date.

 

(6) Represents the estimated offering price in future offerings as determined by management.

 

As a result of an agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (See Note 7) the exercise price was further reset to $1.23 per share, with an immaterial change in the fair value of the warrants before and after the price reset.

 

Note 3 - Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following at December 31, 2018 and 2017:

 

    December 31,     December 31,  
    2018     2017  
Prepaid insurance   $ 339,336     $ 72,371  
Prepaid clinical trial expenses     171,128       226,997  
Other prepaid expenses     105,758       139,954  
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets   $ 616,222     $ 439,322  

 

In December 2018, the Company issued a note payable of $249,239 for its insurance premiums; payments are scheduled during 2019.

 

F- 13

 

  

Note 4 - Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment consisted of the following at December 31, 2018 and 2017:

 

        December 31,     December 31,  
    Lives   2018     2017  
Lab equipment   5 years   $ 176,500     $ 116,070  
Office equipment & furniture   3 - 7 years     208,680       156,940  
Less: accumulated depreciation         (266,381 )     (215,660 )
Property and equipment, net       $ 118,799     $ 57,350  

 

In December 2018, the Company entered into a five-year capital lease agreement for office equipment and services for $906 per month. At December 31, 2018, the capitalized value associated with the lease agreement was $16,078.

 

Depreciation expense consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively:

 

    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2018     2017     2016  
Research & development   $ 20,170     $ 20,352     $ 41,632  
General administrative     30,551       35,586       35,891  
Depreciation expense   $ 50,721     $ 55,938     $ 77,523  

 

Note 6 - Commitments and Contingencies

 

License and Research Agreements

 

The Company has entered into agreements with third parties for the rights to certain intellectual property, manufacturing and clinical trial services under which the Company may incur obligations to make payments including upfront payments as well as milestone and royalty payments. Notable inclusions in this category are:

 

a. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (“ORNL”) – The Company is contracted to purchase radioactive material to be used for research and development, with a renewal option at the contract end. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company purchased material from ORNL of approximately $0.3 million, $0.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively. On December 19, 2018, the Company signed a contract with ORNL to purchase $0.2 million of radioactive material during calendar year 2019.

 

b. On June 15, 2012, the Company entered into a license and sponsored research agreement with Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (“FHCRC”) to build upon previous and ongoing clinical trials, with BC8 (licensed antibody). FHCRC has currently completed both a Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trial with BC8. The Company has been granted exclusive rights to the BC8 antibody and related master cell bank developed by FHCRC. A milestone payment of $1 million will be due to FHCRC upon FDA approval of the first drug utilizing the licensed BC 8 antibody. Upon commercial sale of the drug, royalty payments of 2% of net sales will be due to FHCRC.

 

F- 14

 

 

c. On February 27, 2014, the Company entered into a manufacturing agreement with Goodwin Biotechnology Inc. (“Goodwin”). Goodwin oversees the current Good Manufacturing Practices (“cGMP”) production of a monoclonal antibody used in the Phase 3 clinical trial of Iomab-B. As of December 31, 2018, the remaining cost of the service agreement is $1.0 million. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company paid Goodwin $1.2 million, $1.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

 

d. On February 16, 2016, the Company entered into an agreement with Medpace, Inc. (“Medpace”), a Contract Research Organization, (“CRO”). Medpace provides project management services for the Iomab-B study. The total project is currently estimated to cost approximately $10.2 million. As of December 31, 2018, the remaining cost of the agreement is approximately $3.3 million. Medpace bills the Company when services are rendered and the Company records the related expense to research and development costs. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company paid Medpace $3.1 million, $2.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

 

e. On August 4, 2016, the Company entered into a CRO agreement with George Clinical Services, (“George”). George provides project management services for the study of Actimab-A used for a Phase 2 clinical trial. The total project is estimated to cost approximately $4.6 million. As of December 31, 2018, the remaining cost of the agreement is approximately $0.5 million. George bills the Company when services are rendered and the Company records the related expense to research and development costs. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company paid George $1.9 million, $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

 

Lease Agreements

 

The Company does not own any real property. It currently leases office space located at 275 Madison Avenue, New York, NY. The lease is for 5,790 square feet and has a term of seven years and three months, with an expiration date of September 6, 2022, with a current annual rate of $312,660 until June 8, 2019 and $341,610 for the remaining life of the lease. The Company is also responsible for certain other costs, such as insurance, taxes, utilities, and maintenance. The Company issued a letter of credit of $390,825 in connection with the lease and maintained a $391,131 certified deposit as collateral for the letter of credit.

 

In 2017, the Company also entered into a license agreement for furniture and fixtures located at its office space. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the Company leases the furniture and fixtures and tenant improvements located in the office space for the same term as the office space for $7,529 per month. At any time during the term of this amended agreement, the Company has the right to purchase the furniture, and fixtures.

 

In December 2018, the Company entered into a five-year lease agreement for office equipment and services for $906 per month and the capitalized value associated with the lease agreement was $16,078.

 

Future minimum obligations on all of the Company’s operating leases with a term over one year are:

 

For the year ending December 31:      
2019   $ 419,896  
2020     431,958  
2021     431,958  
2022     287,972  
Total   $ 1,571,784  

 

F- 15

 

 

Note 7 - Equity

 

On October 18, 2018, the Company and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”) entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement, pursuant to which the Company has the right to sell to Lincoln Park shares of the Company’s common stock having an aggregate value of up to $32,500,000, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the agreement. As consideration for entering into the purchase agreement, the Company issued to Lincoln Park 852,537 shares of common stock, determined to be offering costs as part of the financing. These shares had a fair value of $0.6 million based on the market price on the issuance date.

 

Pursuant to the purchase agreement, Lincoln Park initially purchased 3,376,554 shares of common stock, at a price of $0.74 per share, for a total gross purchase price of $2,500,000. As often as every business day from and after one business day following the date of the initial purchase and over the 30-month term of the agreement, and up to an aggregate amount of an additional $30,000,000 (subject to certain limitations) of shares of common stock, the Company has the right, from time to time, at its sole discretion and subject to certain conditions, to direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to 400,000 shares of common stock, with such amount increasing as the closing sale price of the common stock increases; provided Lincoln Park’s obligation under any single such purchase will not exceed $1,500,000, unless the Company and Lincoln Park mutually agree to increase the maximum amount of such single purchase (each, a “Regular Purchase”). If the Company directs Lincoln Park to purchase the maximum number of shares of common stock it then may sell in a Regular Purchase, then in addition to such Regular Purchase, and subject to certain conditions and limitations in the agreement, the Company may direct Lincoln Park in an “accelerated purchase” to purchase an additional amount of common stock that may not exceed the lesser of (i) 300% the number of shares purchased pursuant to the corresponding Regular Purchase or (ii) 30% of the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock traded during a specified period on the applicable purchase date as set forth in the agreement. Under certain circumstances and in accordance with the agreement, the Company may direct Lincoln Park to purchase shares in multiple accelerated purchases on the same trading day.

 

The Company controls the timing and amount of any sales of its common stock to Lincoln Park. There is no upper limit on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for its common stock under the agreement, but in no event will shares be sold to Lincoln Park on a day the closing price is less than the floor price specified in the agreement. In all instances, the Company may not sell shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement if it would result in Lincoln Park beneficially owning more than 9.99% of its common stock.

 

The agreement does not limit the Company’s ability to raise capital from other sources at the Company’s sole discretion, except that (subject to certain exceptions) the Company may not enter into any variable rate transaction (as defined in the agreement, including the issuance of any floating conversion rate or variable priced equity-like securities) during the 30 months after the date of the Purchase Agreement. The Company has the right to terminate the agreement at any time, at no cost to the Company.

 

Through December 31, 2018, the Company elected to sell to Lincoln Park an additional 1.0 million shares and received $0.7 million.

 

In March 2018, the Company sold an aggregate of 30,237,894 units consisting of an aggregate of 30,237,894 shares of common stock, 7,559,445 series A warrants and 22,678,393 series B warrants, with each series A warrant exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $0.60 per share and each series B warrant exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $0.70 per share, resulting in gross proceeds to Actinium of approximately $15.1 million (each unit was sold at $0.50 per unit), and net proceeds of approximately $13.8 million after deducting expenses relating to dealer-manager fees and other offering expenses.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued 2,672,973 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $4.0 million as part of its At-The-Market sales agreement with an investment bank. The Company paid expenses of approximately $0.2 million resulting in net proceeds of $3.8 million.

 

On August 2, 2017, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 21,500,000 shares of its common stock and warrants to purchase 18,275,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an offering price to the public of $0.75 per share and related warrant. The warrants have an exercise price of $1.05 per share and have a term of five years. The gross proceeds from this offering were approximately $16.1 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company resulting in net proceeds of approximately $15.0 million.

 

F- 16

 

 

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued 67,385 common shares for consulting services. The shares have a total value of $99 thousand based on the Company’s stock price on the grant date at $1.47 per share. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company also issued 4,234 common shares for the cashless exercise of warrants.

 

On October 4, 2016, the Company sold 8,000,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $1.25 per share to the public through an underwritten public offering, for net proceeds of $9.3 million.

 

During 2016, the Company also issued 3,500,000 shares of common stock for net proceeds of $6.8 million as part of an at-the-market (ATM) sales agreement with an investment bank.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued 125,862 common shares for the cashless exercise of warrants.

 

2013 Amended and Restated Stock Plan

 

In September 2013, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the Company’s 2013 Stock Plan. The expiration date of the plan is September 9, 2023 and the total number of underlying shares of the Company’s common stock available for grant to employees, directors and consultants of the Company under the plan was 2,750,000 shares. In December 2015, shareholders of the Company approved the second amendment to the plan and increased the number of shares authorized under the plan to 9,250,000 shares. In December 2016, shareholders of the Company approved the fifth amendment to the plan and increased the number of shares authorized under the plan to 12,750,000 shares. In December 2017, shareholders of the Company approved the sixth amendment to the plan and increased the number of shares authorized under the plan to 17,750,000 shares. In December 2018, shareholders of the Company approved the seventh amendment to the plan and increased the number of shares authorized under the plan to 22,750,000 shares.

 

2013 Equity Incentive Plan

 

In September 2013, the Board approved the Company’s 2013 Equity Incentive Plan. The expiration date of the plan is September 9, 2023 and the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for grant to employees, directors and consultants of the Company under the plan was 450,000 shares. In December 2013, the shareholders of the Company approved the plan and increased the number of shares authorized under the plan to 1,000,000 shares.

 

Restricted Stock

 

 During 2018, the Company granted 107,911 restricted common shares for consulting services, which all vested during 2018. The shares had a total value of $72,825. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued 156,393 common shares for restricted shares that became fully vested, of which 81,393 shares were granted prior to 2018.

 

As of December 31, 2018, the Company has yet to issue 254,819 common shares for restricted shares that have vested. As of December 31, 2018, all restricted shares granted were vested with no unamortized compensation expenses.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued 26,000 common shares for restricted shares that became fully vested. The Company also granted 59,393 common shares for consulting services. The shares have a total value of $65,813 based on the services provided.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company granted 250,700 shares of restricted common stock to consultants with a fair value of $0.4 million based on the stock price on the grant dates. The Company issued common shares totaling 21,000 for restricted shares granted in 2015 and prior years and 60,700 for restricted shares granted in 2016.

 

During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively, for the restricted shares granted.

 

F- 17

 

 

Stock Options

 

Following is a summary of option activities for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:

 

    Number of Options     Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
    Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(in years)
    Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
Outstanding, January 1, 2016     3,971,583     $ 4.34       8.01       2,964,146  
Granted     2,225,000       1.92                  
Cancelled     (266,485 )     2.51                  
Exercised     (23,212 )     0.78                  
Outstanding, December 31, 2016     5,906,886       3.52       7.90       51,704  
Granted     2,597,500       1.32                  
Cancelled     (3,329,794 )     2.85                  
Outstanding, December 31, 2017     5,174,592       2.83       7.95       2,648  
Granted     3,577,159       0.69                  
Cancelled     (1,515,650 )     2.96                  
Outstanding, December 31, 2018     7,236,101       1.74       7.97       6,400  
                                 
Exercisable, December 31, 2018     3,021,818       2.88       6.55       -  

 

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company granted its employees and members of the Board of Directors 3,577,159 options to purchase Company common stock with an exercise price ranging from $0.344 to $0.7829 per share, a term of 10 years, and a vesting period from 4 to 4.2 years. The options have an aggregated fair value of $1.7 million that was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Variables used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model include: (1) discount rate range from 2.34% to 2.99% (2) expected life of 6 years, (3) expected volatility range from 78.8% to 80.4%, and (4) zero expected dividends.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company granted its employees and members of the Board of Directors 2,597,500 options to purchase Company common stock with an exercise price ranging from $0.57 to $1.58 per share, a term of 10 years, and a vesting period from 4 to 4.2 years. The options have an aggregated fair value of $2.4 million that was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Variables used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model include: (1) discount rate range from 1.84% to 2.28% (2) expected life of 6 years, (3) expected volatility range from 80.83% to 82.37%, and (4) zero expected dividends.

 

On June 6, 2017, a director, resigned from the Company and the Company entered into an agreement with the director. Pursuant to the agreement, all the outstanding vested options, (which originally were to expire 90 days from termination date), as well as 68,200 unvested options granted prior to December 31, 2016, shall be exercisable until the end of the term of each option grant agreement. As a result of the modification, the Company recorded an additional expense of approximately $174,000 for the incremental fair value of the options, calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Variables used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model include: (1) discount rate range from 0.97% to 1.39% (2) expected life of 3 months to 8.9 years, (3) expected volatility range from 45.72% to 79.81%, and (4) zero expected dividends.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company granted employees, consultants, and its board members 2,225,000 options to purchase the Company’s common stock with exercise prices ranging from $0.95 to $2.25 with a 10-year term vesting over a 4-year period.  The options have an aggregated fair value of $3.1 million that was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Variables used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model include: (1) discount rate of 1.28% - 1.97% (2) expected life of 6 years, (3) expected volatility of 81.45% - 87.95%, and (4) zero expected dividends.

 

F- 18

 

 

During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, options to purchase 1,515,650, 3,329,794 and 266,485 common shares were cancelled, respectively, upon the termination of employment.

 

There were no exercises of options during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company received gross proceeds of $18,105 for the exercise of stock options for 23,212 shares.

 

The fair values of all options issued and outstanding are being amortized over their respective vesting periods. The unrecognized compensation expense at December 31, 2018 was approximately $2.6 million. During each of the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded total option expense of approximately $1.7 million, $3.1 million and $3.6 million, respectively.

 

Warrants

 

Following is a summary of warrant activities for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively:

 

    Number of Units     Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
    Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(in years)
    Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
Outstanding, January 1, 2016     9,018,470       3.73       2.93       10,199,230  
Granted     130,000       0.96                  
Exercised     (183,718 )     0.90                  
Outstanding, December 31, 2016     8,964,752       3.72       1.95       1,445,786  
Granted     18,496,575       1.05                  
Exercised     (9,364 )     0.78                  
Cancelled     (1,789,623 )     2.22                  
Outstanding, December 31, 2017     25,662,340       1.89       3.62       995,373  
Granted     30,360,466       0.67                  
Exercised     (7,332 )     0.66                  
Cancelled     (194,598 )     9.00                  
Outstanding, December 31, 2018     55,820,876       1.20       2.04       569,038  
                                 
Exercisable, December 31, 2018     55,613,377       1.19       2.03       566,676  

 

On November 8, 2018, the Company amended certain warrants, originally dated December 17, 2012, that had been issued to three entities affiliated with the family of the Mr. Sandesh Seth, Chairman and CEO, Amrosan LLC, Carnegie Hill Partners, and Bioche Asset Management, LCC, in the amount of 375,556, 353,023 and 721,068 shares, respectively and extended their date of expiration from December 17, 2019 to February 21, 2022. The warrants had originally been issued in 2012 as part of investment banking and advisory services provided by Mr. Seth. The incremental fair value for the warrants due to the amendment was immaterial.

 

In March 2018, the Company sold an aggregate of 30,237,894 units consisting of an aggregate of 30,237,894 shares of common stock, 7,559,445 series A warrants and 22,678,393 series B warrants, with each series A warrant exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $0.60 per share and each series B warrant exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $0.70 per share.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company granted 122,628 warrants to consultants. The warrants are exercisable for periods ranging from 4 to 5 years at exercise prices ranging from $0.36 to $0.80 per share. The fair value of the warrants was approximately $27 thousand at the grant date and was determined utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Variables used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model include (1) discount rate range of 2.34% to 2.99%, (2) expected term of 4-5 years, (3) expected volatility range of 77.01% to 79.00%, and (4) zero expected dividends.

 

F- 19

 

 

On August 2, 2017, the Company completed an underwritten offering of 21,500,000 shares of its common stock and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 18,275,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $0.75 per share and related warrant. The warrants are exercisable for a period of 5 years at an exercise price of $1.05 per share. The transaction date relative fair value of the warrants of $4.9 million was determined utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Variables used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model include (1) discount rate of 1.83%, (2) expected term of 5 years, (3) expected volatility of 82%, and (4) zero expected dividends.

 

Certain warrants were issued to the Company’s Executive Chairman (now Chairman and CEO) as part of investment banking and advisory services either prior to and outside of his role as a Board Member and subsequently Chairman and CEO. On March 14, 2017, the Company canceled a warrant to purchase 57,212 shares of common stock of the Company, dated December 19, 2012 and issued a new warrant to its Chairman and CEO to purchase 57,212 common shares with the term of the warrant expiring on February 11, 2022. The new warrant has the same exercise price in effect as the exercise price as the old warrant, but the expiration date was modified from December 19, 2017 to February 11, 2022. The Company also amended the warrant to purchase common stock of the Company, dated January 31, 2012, issued to its Chairman and CEO and an entity affiliated with its Chairman and CEO to purchase 64,746 and 99,617 common shares, respectively. Pursuant to the terms of the warrant amendments, the term of the warrants was extended to February 11, 2022 from January 31, 2019. As a result of the replacement and modification, the Company recorded an additional non-cash expense of $64 thousand for the incremental fair value of the new warrants.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company granted 130,000 warrants to consultants. The warrants are exercisable for periods ranging from 5 to 10 years at exercise prices ranging from $0.98 to $1.77 per share. The fair value of the warrants was approximately $116,000 at the grant date and was determined utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Variables used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model include (1) discount rate range of 1.13% to 1.20%, (2) expected term of 5-10 years, (3) expected volatility range of 79.79% to 84.84%, and (4) zero expected dividends.

 

During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense related to warrants of $33 thousand, $0.1 million and $0.1 million respectively.

 

Note 8 - Income Taxes

 

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the “Act, was enacted in December 2017. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. As of December 31, 2017, the Company remeasured its existing deferred tax balance by recording a provisional charge of $17.9 million, which was fully offset by a change in the valuation allowance. As of December 31, 2018, upon completing its analysis of the Act, the Company believes that the disclosures in its financial statements as of December 31, 2017 are still accurate.

 

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

 

    2018     2017  
Deferred tax assets:            
Net operating losses carry forward   $ 34,531,577     $ 30,826,534  
Share-based compensation     2,950,963       3,731,413  
Research and development/orphan drug credits     8,896,703       6,324,998  
Others     15,285       11,369  
Less: valuation allowance     (46,394,528 )     (40,894,314 )
                 
Deferred tax assets, net   $ -     $ -  

 

F- 20

 

 

The Company has recorded a valuation allowance of $46.4 million and $40.9 million against its deferred tax assets at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, because management determined that it is not more-likely-than not that those assets will be realized.

 

For federal income tax purposes, the Company has approximately $144.5 million of unused net operating losses (“NOLs”) at December 31, 2018 available for carry forward to future years. Prior NOLs have begun to expire as they are unused.

 

For state income tax purposes, the Company has approximately $66.8 million of unused NOLs available for carry forward to future years. These NOLs will begin to expire in 2035 if unused.

 

The Company has federal research and development tax credits of approximately $1.4 million at December 31, 2018 which will begin to expire in 2033 if unused and orphan drug credits of $7.5 million which will begin to expire in 2037 if unused.

 

Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 382, the annual use of the net operating loss carryforwards and research and development tax credits could be limited by any greater than 50% ownership change during any three-year testing period. As a result of any such ownership change, portions of the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards and research and development tax credits are subject to annual limitations. Accordingly, the Company’s ability to utilize these carryforwards may be limited as a result of an ownership change which may have already happened or may happen in the future. Such an ownership change could result in a limitation in the use of the net operating losses in future years and possibly a reduction of the net operating losses available.

 

The difference between the income tax provision and the amount that would result if the U.S. Federal statutory rates were applied to pre-tax losses for the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

 

    For the year ended  
    December 31,
2018
    December 31,
2017
    December 31,
2016
 
                                     
Federal statutory income taxes   $ (4,967,332 )     (21.0 )%   $ (9,044,420 )     (34.0 )%   $ (8,269,386 )     (34.0 )%
State income taxes     1,413,678       6.0 %     (1,940,945 )     (7.3 )%     973,547       4.0 %
Change in federal statutory rate     -       - %     17,939,714       67.4 %     -       - %
Deferred true-up     -       - %     3,090,816       11.8 %     (10,511,380 )     (43.3 )%
Research and Development/Orphan Drug Tax Credit     (1,986,609 )     (8.4 )%     (3,029,074 )     (11.4 )%     (141,769 )     (0.6 )%
Unrealized derivative gain/loss     -       - %     (120,870 )     (0.5 )%     (956,840 )     (3.9 )%
Other     40,049       0.2 %     12,845       0.0 %     13,632       0.1 %
Change in valuation allowance     5,500,214       23.2 %     (6,908,066 )     (26.0 )%     18,892,196       77.7 %
                                                 
Provision for income tax   $ -       -     $ -       -     $ -       -  

 

Note 9 - Subsequent Event

 

In January 2019, the Company sold 924,500 common shares through its at-the-market program and realized net proceeds of $0.4 million.

 

Since December 31, 2018, holders of the Company’s March 2018 Series A warrants exercised approximately 2.5 million shares, resulting in proceeds to the Company of $1.5 million.

 

Since December 31, 2018, the Company granted stock options to its employees to purchase a total of 530,000 common shares at a price range from $0.43 to $0.58 per share related to new hires.

 

On March 6, 2019, the Company executed an amendment to the Company’s 2013 Amended and Restated Stock Plan, as amended (the “ Plan Amendment ”). The Plan Amendment increased the number of shares of common stock that the Company is authorized to issue under the plan to 22,750,000 shares.

 

On March 6, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to increase the number of authorized shares of Actinium’s common stock from 400,000,000 to 600,000,000 shares.

 

F- 21

 

 

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

 

None.

 

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

 

Disclosure controls and procedures. The Company, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of December 31, 2018 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and includes controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in such reports is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.   The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

 

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; (2) provide reasonable assurances that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessment and those criteria, management concluded that as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.

 

Changes in internal controls over financial reporting . There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

44

 

 

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.

 

None.

 

45

 

 

PART III

 

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.

 

Directors and Executive Officers

 

The names, positions and ages of our directors and executive officers as of March 15, 2019, are as follows:

 

Name   Age   Position
Sandesh Seth   54   Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
         
Mark S. Berger, M.D.   64   Chief Medical Officer
         
Anil Kapur   50   Chief Commercial Officer
         
Dale L. Ludwig, Ph.D.   57   Chief Scientific Officer
         
Steve O’Loughlin   34   Principal Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
         
Jeffrey W. Chell M.D.   64   Director
         
David Nicholson, Ph.D.   63   Lead Independent Director
         
Richard I. Steinhart   61   Director
         
Ajit S. Shetty, Ph.D.   72   Director

 

Subject to the classified board provisions of our charter, all directors hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and the election and qualification of their successors. Officers are elected annually by the board of directors and serve at the discretion of the board.

 

There are no other arrangements or understanding between any of our directors and any other persons pursuant to which they were selected as a director.

 

Background of Executive Officers and Directors

 

The principal occupations for the past five years (and, in some instances, for prior years) of each of our directors and executive officers are as follows:

 

Sandesh Seth, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

 

Mr. Sandesh Seth has been our Chief Executive Officer since June 2017. Mr. Seth has been a Director since March 2012, our Chairman of the Board since October 2013, and served as Executive Chairman from August 2014 to June 2017.

 

Mr. Seth has 25+ years of experience in investment banking (Laidlaw& Co (UK) Ltd., Cowen & Co.), equity research (Bear Stearns, Commonwealth Associates) and in the pharma industry (Pfizer, Warner-Lambert, SmithKline in strategic planning, business development and R&D project management). Mr. Seth has an MBA in Finance from New York University; an M.S. in the Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Oklahoma Health Center and a B.Sc. in Chemistry from Bombay University. He has published several scientific articles and was awarded the University Regents Award for Research Excellence at the University of Oklahoma. Mr. Seth was designated as Regulatory Affairs Certified (R.A.C.) by the Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society which signifies proficiency with U.S. FDA regulations.

 

46

 

 

That Mr. Seth has served in various business executive-level positions over the course of his career, has significant investment banking experience, has developed significant management, operational and leadership skills and is well accustomed to interfacing with investors, analysts, auditors, C-level executives, and outside advisors, led us to conclude that Mr. Seth should serve as a director.

 

Mark S. Berger, MD., Chief Medical Officer

 

Dr. Berger has been our Chief Medical Officer since January 2017. From September 2013 to January 2017 Dr. Berger worked for Kadmon Corporation where he was Senior Vice President, Clinical Research. In this role he was responsible for all clinical aspects of new drug development including designing and managing clinical trials in oncology indications (non-small cell lung cancer and glioblastoma) and non-oncology indications (chronic graft versus host disease and polycystic kidney disease). Dr. Berger joined Kadmon after serving as Chief Medical Officer of Deciphera Pharmaceuticals from June 2011 to September 2013. Prior to Deciphera, Dr. Berger was Vice President for Clinical Development at Gemin X Pharmaceuticals where he led the clinical strategy, design and management of clinical trials for two novel oncology agents including obatoclax, a pan Bcl-2 inhibitor. Based on the results of a randomized Phase 2 clinical trial of obatoclax, Gemin X was acquired by Cephalon in March of 2011 for a total consideration of $525 million including $225 million in an upfront cash payment.

 

Before his work with biotechnology companies, Dr. Berger held key positions in two global pharmaceutical companies. Dr. Berger previously served as Group Director, Medicine Development Centre-Oncology for GlaxoSmithKline. In this position Dr. Berger managed the development of Tykerb (lapatinib) in lung and breast cancer where he designed and led two Phase 2 clinical trials before planning and leading a 399 patient pivotal Phase 3 trial that resulted in the FDA approval of Tykerb in breast cancer. In addition, he managed the Lapatinib Expanded Access Program (LEAP) that enrolled over 4000 patients on a global basis. Dr. Berger began his career in drug development at Wyeth Research where he led the planning and execution of the pivotal Phase 2 trial for Mylotarg, which was the first antibody targeted chemotherapy agent and targeted CD33, similar to Actimab-A. He presented the Mylotarg clinical data at the FDA’s Oncology Drug Advisory Committee meeting, after which Mylotarg received accelerated FDA approval for patients with relapsed AML.

 

Dr. Berger has a B.A. in biology from Wesleyan University and received his M.D. from the University of Virginia School of Medicine. He did his Hematology-Oncology fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania where he was an Assistant Professor of Medicine, and also was a Research Fellow at the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and the Imperial Cancer Research Fund, both in London. Dr. Berger is board certified in internal medicine, hematology and medical oncology.

 

Anil Kapur, Chief Commercial Officer

 

Mr. Kapur joined Actinium in February 2018 from Bristol-Myers Squibb, where he was the Vice President, Head of Early Assets, Biomarkers & External Innovation within the Worldwide Oncology Commercialization organization and helped advance the company’s leading Immuno-Oncology portfolio. Prior to this position, he was the Vice President & Global Head, Oncology Commercial Portfolio & Product Strategy at Baxalta and a member of the Oncology Leadership Team. In this role, Mr. Kapur also led the Joint Strategic Committees responsible for advancing the early Immuno-Oncology partnerships with Symphogen and the allogeneic CAR-T partnership with Precision Bio-Sciences.

 

Mr. Kapur built a distinguished career spanning 15 years at Johnson & Johnson where in his last role, he served as the Vice President, Commercial Leader for the Hematology Franchise with responsibility for the development and execution of global commercial strategy and launch plans for all Hematology in-market, late-stage development, and early pipeline assets. He is credited with significantly shaping the clinical development plans and successful launch and growth of multiple Oncology blockbuster products including IMBRUVICA®, DARZALEX®, and VELCADE®.

 

At J&J, he led the IMBRUVICA® Joint Commercial Committee (JCC), established between J&J and Pharmacyclics, and built and led the global team that launched DARZALEX®, the first biologic for Multiple Myeloma. Anil also held leadership roles of increasing complexity and responsibility in US Marketing, US Regional Sales, and within the Asia-Pacific Regional Oncology organization covering 14 markets including Japan, China, Australia and Korea.

 

47

 

 

Mr. Kapur has an MBA from the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University, a MS in Industrial Engineering from Louisiana Tech University, and a Bachelor of Engineering from the Birla Institute of Technology, India.

 

Dale L. Ludwig, Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer

 

Dr. Ludwig joined Actinium in January 2018. Dr. Ludwig has worked for 20 years in oncology antibody drug discovery and development at Eli Lilly and Company and at ImClone Systems, Inc., until its acquisition by Eli Lilly where he supported the development and successful launch of several biologic oncology drugs including Erbitux®, CyramzaTM, Portrazza®, and LartruvoTM as well as the clinical advancement of 10 additional therapeutic antibodies. Most recently, Dr. Ludwig served Chief Scientific Officer/Vice President of Oncology Discovery Research - Biologics Technology. In this role he was responsible for directing antibody discovery and development for oncology biologics and contributed to key strategic and project advancement efforts. Dr. Ludwig was a member of the Oncology Research Senior Leadership Team and directed the empowered antibody drug discovery programs that included collaborations with Immunogen and Zymeworks.

 

Prior to the acquisition of Imclone by Eli Lilly and Company, Dr. Ludwig served as Head of Molecular & Cellular Engineering at IMClone Systems Incorporated. In this capacity, Dr. Ludwig served as core team leader for several IND filings and phase 1 advancements for novel antibodies. In addition, he directed and oversaw the full spectrum of drug development including antibody discovery, screening, selection, engineering, optimization, cloning and expression. He was also tasked with establishing meaningful preclinical collaborations with key academic investigators and industry leaders. Post-acquisition he was the research representative to the ImClone-Lilly Transition Team.

 

Before his work in the biotechnology industry, Dr. Ludwig trained as a postdoctoral associate in the DNA Damage and Repair Group of the Los Alamos National Laboratory and as a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. Dr. Ludwig has a B.S. in biology with a concentration in microbiology from James Madison University and received his Ph.D. in Microbiology from East Carolina University. 

 

Steve O’Loughlin, Principal Financial Officer

 

Steve O’Loughlin has been our Principal Financial Officer since May 2017. Mr. O’Loughlin joined Actinium in October 2015 as Vice President, Finance and Corporate Development, with almost a decade of life sciences industry experience gained from previous positions in investment banking and publicly traded life sciences companies. Prior to Actinium, from June 2015 to October 2015, Mr. O’Loughlin worked at J. Streicher LLC as an investment banker, from August 2012 to June 2015 Mr. O’Loughlin held the position of Vice President, Corporate Finance and Development and was a corporate officer at Protea Biosciences, Inc., a publicly traded life sciences tools company. Previously, From June 2010 to June 2012, Mr. O’Loughlin held corporate development positions with Caliber I.D., a publicly traded diagnostics company. Mr. O’Loughlin previously worked in investment banking at Jesup & Lamont where he focused on the biotechnology and life sciences industries. Mr. O’Loughlin has a B.S. in Business Administration with a concentration in finance from Ramapo College of New Jersey.

 

Jeffrey W. Chell, M.D., Director

 

Dr. Chell has been a director of the Company since April 2018. Dr. Chell is also a member of our Audit Committee and Compensation Committee. He has been the Chief Executive Officer Emeritus of the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) since 2017 having served as its CEO since 2000. Dr. Chell has led the NMDP through transformational growth as its Be The Match Registry tripled to more than 12 million donors, the number of transplants facilitated has grown five fold to over 6,400 annually, and revenue more than tripled to nearly $400 million per year. He is also the co-founder and has served as Executive Director of the Center For International Blood & Marrow Transplant Research since 2004, a leading research program in the field contributing over 70 research publications per year in peer-reviewed journals. Dr. Chell also currently serves as chair of CLR Insurance, a captive insurance company domiciled in the Cayman Islands. From 2014 to 2016, Dr. Chell served as co-chair of Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide (BMDW) during its IT transformation project, improving revenues and reducing costs.

 

48

 

  

Prior to joining the NMDP, he served as President, Allina Medical Clinics, a 450 physician multi-specialty medical group from 1994 to 1999. Prior to that he practiced Internal Medicine in Minneapolis and in the U.S. Air Force Medical Corps.

 

Dr. Chell received his M.D. from the University of Minnesota and his training in Internal Medicine at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Dr. Chell is a diplomate of the American Board of Internal Medicine, a member of the American Society of Hematology and a member of the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

 

He has received multiple honors including the 2018 Public Service award of the American Society For Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 2017 Most Admired CEO by the Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal, 2010 Healthcare Executive of the Year by the Minneapolis/St, Paul Business Journal, and the 2017 Bone Marrow Foundation Service Award.

 

David Nicholson, Ph.D., Director

 

David Nicholson has been a Director of the Company since 2008. Dr. Nicholson is also a member of our Compensation Committee and Corporate Governance Committee. In August 2014, Dr. Nicholson joined Actavis plc and Forest Laboratories, Inc. as Senior Vice President, Actavis Global Brands R&D. From March 2012 to August 2014, Dr. Nicholson was on the Executive Committee of Bayer CropScience as Head of Research & Development responsible for the integration of the company’s R&D activities into one global organization. Dr. Nicholson graduated in pharmacology, earning his B.Sc. from the University of Manchester (1975) and his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (1980). Between 1978 and 1988, Dr. Nicholson worked in the pharmaceutical industry for the British company Beecham-Wülfing in Gronau, Germany. The main emphasis of his activities as group leader in a multidisciplinary project group was the development of cardiovascular drugs.

 

From 1988-2007, Dr. Nicholson held various positions of increasing seniority in the UK, the Netherlands and the USA with Organon, a Business Unit of Akzo Nobel. Ultimately, he became Executive Vice President, Research & Development, and member of the Organon Executive Management Committee. He implemented change programs, leading to maximizing effectiveness in research & development, ensuring customer focus and the establishment of a competitive pipeline of innovative drugs. In 2007, Dr. Nicholson transferred to Schering-Plough, Kenilworth, New Jersey as Senior Vice President, responsible for Global Project Management and Drug Safety. From 2009 to December 2011, he was Vice President Licensing and Knowledge Management at Merck in Rahway, New Jersey, reporting to the President of Merck R&D. As an integration team member, Dr. Nicholson played a role in the strategic mergers of Organon BioSciences, the human and animal health business of Dutch chemical giant Akzo-Nobel, and Schering-Plough in 2007 as well as of Schering-Plough and Merck in 2009.

 

That Dr. Nicholson brings over 25 years of pharmaceutical experience to our Board, having served in various pharmaceutical research and development executive-level positions over the course of his career, and that Dr. Nicholson has developed significant management and leadership skills relating to the pharmaceutical industry. and is well accustomed to interfacing with investors, analysts, auditors, outside advisors and governmental officials, led us to conclude that Dr. Nicholson should serve as a director.

 

Ajit S. Shetty, Ph.D., Director

 

Dr. Shetty has been a Director of the Company since March, 2017. Dr. Shetty is also a member of our, Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Chairman of our Corporate Governance Committee. Dr. Shetty joined Janssen Pharmaceutica, Inc. in 1976 ultimately rising to the position of President in 1986 where he led the establishment of Janssen’s business in the U.S. From 1999 to 2008 he was Managing Director of Janssen Pharmaceutica, during this time the Janssen Group of companies’ global sales grew from $1 billion to $8 billion, and from 2004 until 2012 he was Chairman of the Board of Directors. In Dr. Shetty’s most recent role at Johnson & Johnson he was head of Enterprise Supply Chain, where he reported to the CEO and was responsible for the transformation and optimization of Johnson & Johnson’s supply chain. Dr. Shetty earned a Ph.D. in Metallurgy and B.A. Natural Sciences from Trinity College, Cambridge University and a Master of Business Administration from Carnegie Mellon University. Dr. Shetty has served as a member of Agile Therapeutics, Inc.’s board of directors since February 2016. In 2007, Dr. Shetty was bestowed the title of Baron by King Albert II of Belgium for his exceptional merits. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of Carnegie Mellon University, serves on the Board of Governors for GS1 (Global Standards) in Belgium and formerly served on the Corporate Advisory Board of the John Hopkins Carey Business School. In 2016, Dr. Shetty was named as Chairperson of the Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), a Belgium based life sciences research institute focused on translating scientific results into pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial applications. In addition, he was elected Manager of the Year in 2004 in Flanders and received a Life-Time Achievement Award in India in 2010. We believe Dr. Shetty’s qualifications to sit on our Board include his extensive pharmaceutical experience leading commercial and supply chain operations and his significant education background.

 

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That Dr. Shetty has 37 years of leadership and executive experience in the pharmaceutical industry, that he has significant supply chain knowledge and that he has experience conducting business in the U.S. and Europe, led us to conclude that Dr. Shetty should serve as a director.

 

Richard I. Steinhart, Director

 

Mr. Steinhart has served as our Director and Chairman of the Audit Committee since November 2013. Mr. Steinhart is also a member of our Corporate Governance Committee. Since October 2017 Mr. Steinhart has been the Chief Financial Officer of BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc. Since March 2014, Mr. Steinhart has been a Member of the Board of Directors of Atossa Genetics, Inc. where he is Chairman of the Audit Committee and a member of the Compensation Committee. Form October 2015 to April 2017, Mr. Steinhart was Vice President and CFO at Remedy Pharmaceuticals, a privately-held, clinical stage pharmaceutical company. From January 2014 through September 2015 Mr. Steinhart had been a financial and strategic consultant to the biotechnology and medical device industries. From April 2006 through December 2013, Mr. Steinhart was employed by MELA Sciences, Inc., as their Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary. In April 2012, Mr. Steinhart received a promotion to Sr. Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer. From May 1992 until joining MELA Sciences, Mr. Steinhart was a Managing Director of Forest Street Capital/SAE Ventures, a boutique investment banking, venture capital, and management consulting firm focused on healthcare and technology companies. Prior to Forest Street Capital/SAE Ventures, he was Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Emisphere Technologies, Inc. Mr. Steinhart’s other experience includes seven years at CW Group, Inc., a venture capital firm focused on medical technology and biopharmaceutical companies, where he was a General Partner and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Steinhart began his career at Price Waterhouse, now known as PricewaterhouseCoopers. He holds BBA and MBA degrees from Pace University and is a Certified Public Accountant (inactive).

 

That Mr. Steinhart brings nearly 30 years of financial experience to our Board, having served in various financial executive-level positions over the course of his career, and that Mr. Steinhart is a certified public accountant led us to conclude that Mr. Steinhart should serve as a director and chair the audit committee.

 

Corporate Governance

 

The Board of Directors oversees our business affairs and monitors the performance of management. In accordance with our corporate governance principles, the Board of Directors does not involve itself in day-to-day operations. The directors keep themselves informed through discussions with the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and other key executives and by reading the reports and other materials that we send them and by participating in Board of Directors and committee meetings.

 

Term of Office

 

Our directors are divided into three classes, designated Class I, Class II and Class III. Class I shall consists of two directors, Class II shall consist of one director, and Class III consists of one director.

 

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The term of each director is set forth below or until their successors are duly elected:

 

Director   Class   Term (from 2018 Annual Meeting)
         
David Nicholson   Class I   2 years
Richard Steinhart   Class I   2 years
Sandesh Seth   Class II   3 years
Jeffrey W. Chell   Class II   3 years
Ajit Shetty   Class III   1 year

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, each director shall serve until his successor is duly elected and qualified, or until his or her retirement, death, resignation or removal. In order to implement a classified board of directors, Class I shall serve a two-year term from the date of the 2018 Annual Shareholders Meeting; Class II shall serve a three-year term from the date of the 2018 Annual Shareholders Meeting; and Class III shall serve a one-year term from the date of the 2018 Annual Shareholders Meeting. Directors elected at each annual meeting are elected for a three-year term.

 

Director Independence

 

We use the definition of “independence” of the NYSE American stock exchange to make this determination. We are listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “ATNM”. NYSE MKT corporate governance rule Sec. 803(A)(2) provides that an “independent director” means a person other than an executive officer or employee of the company. No director qualifies as independent unless the issuer’s board of directors affirmatively determines that the director does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. Under the NYSE American director independence rules, Jeffrey W. Chell, David Nicholson, Ajit S. Shetty, and Richard I. Steinhart are independent directors of the Company.

 

Chief Executive Officer’s Compensation

 

In August 2018, we amended and restated Mr. Seth’s, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, August 6, 2015 Executive Chairman Agreement (the “Prior CEO Agreement”), as amended. This new agreement sets forth the terms related to his position as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of the Company while retaining and adapting material provisions of the Prior CEO Agreement to that of his role of Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Seth is currently paid an annual salary of $545,000. The Board reviews the amount of his base salary and performance bonus and determines the appropriate adjustments to each component of his compensation each calendar year, and he may be entitled to a cash bonus in an amount to be determined by the board with a target of 50% of the base salary.

 

The Chairman and CEO shall also be awarded stock options and/or restricted stock grants at our Board’s discretion. Mr. Seth’s agreement includes severance benefits, including in the event of a change of control of the Company, and to provide for immediate vesting of options in accordance with our Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Plan. The term of the agreement is until February 21, 2021.

 

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Chief Medical Officer Agreement

 

In December 2016, the Company and Dr. Mark S. Berger entered into an agreement (the “Berger Employment Agreement”), to employ Dr. Berger as our Chief Medical Officer. Dr. Berger’s employment with the Company is on an “at will” basis, meaning that either Dr. Berger or the Company may terminate his employment at any time for any reason or no reason, without further obligation or liability, except as provided in his employment agreement.

 

Pursuant to the Berger Employment Agreement, Dr. Berger is entitled to the following compensation and benefits:

 

Dr. Berger’s current annual base salary is $400,000 per year. Dr. Berger may be entitled to a cash bonus in an amount to be determined by the Board with a target of 30% of the base salary.

 

Dr. Berger is also eligible to participate in the Company’s benefit plans that are generally provided for executive employees.

 

Principal Financial Officer Compensation

 

In August 2018, we amended and restated Mr. O’Loughlin’s, our Principal Financial Officer, September 17, 2015 Employment Agreement (the “Prior CFO Agreement”), as amended. This new agreement (the “CFO Employment Agreement”) sets forth the terms related to his position as Principal Financial Officer of the Company while retaining and adapting material provisions of the Prior CFO Agreement to that of his role of Principal Financial Officer.

 

Mr. O’Loughlin’s employment with the Company is on an “at will” basis, meaning that either Mr. O’Loughlin or the Company may terminate his employment at any time for any reason or no reason, without further obligation or liability, except as provided in his employment agreement. Mr. O’Loughlin is entitled to the following compensation and benefits:

 

Mr. O’Loughlin’s current annual base salary is $285,000 per year, and Mr. O’Loughlin may be entitled to a cash bonus in an amount to be determined by the Board with a target of 30% of the base salary.

 

From time to time the Board may grant him options or restricted stock to purchase common shares of the Company.

 

Mr. O’Loughlin is eligible to receive all standard benefits that Company employees are eligible to receive.

 

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Chief Scientific Officer Compensation

 

The Company and Dr. Dale Ludwig, effective January 2018, entered into an Offer Letter pursuant to which Dr. Ludwig is the Company’s Chief Scientific Officer. Dr. Ludwig’s employment with the Company is on an “at will” basis, meaning that either Dr. Ludwig or the Company may terminate his employment at any time for any reason or no reason, without further obligation or liability, except as provided in his employment agreement. Pursuant to the employment agreement. Dr. Ludwig is entitled to the following compensation and benefits:

 

Dr. Ludwig’s current annual base salary is $325,000 per year, and Dr. Ludwig may be entitled to a cash bonus in an amount to be determined by the Board with a target of 30% of the base salary.

 

From time to time the Board may grant him options or restricted stock to purchase common shares of the Company.

 

Dr. Ludwig is eligible to receive all standard benefits that Company employees are eligible to receive.

 

Chief Commercial Officer Compensation

 

In January 2018 the Company and Anil Kapur entered into an Offer Letter pursuant to which Mr. Kapur is the Company’s Chief Commercial Officer. Mr. Kapur’s employment with the Company is on an “at will” basis, meaning that either Dr. Kapur or the Company may terminate his employment at any time for any reason or no reason, without further obligation or liability, except as provided in his employment agreement. Pursuant to the employment agreement. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Mr. Kapur is entitled to the following compensation and benefits:

 

Mr. Kapur’s current annual base salary is $325,000 per year, and he may be entitled to a cash bonus in an amount to be determined by the board with a target of 35% of the base salary.

 

From time to time the Board may grant him options or restricted stock to purchase common shares of the Company.

 

Mr. Kapur is eligible to receive all standard benefits that Company employees are eligible to receive.

 

Board of Directors Meetings and Attendance

 

During the fiscal year 2018, our Board held nine meetings and did not act by unanimous written consent. Each director attended all of the meetings of our Board and of any committees of which he was a member during the year ended December 31, 2018. It is our policy that directors should make every effort to attend the annual meeting of stockholders, and each of our directors attended the annual meeting of stockholders in 2018.

 

Committees of the Board of Directors

 

Our board of directors has formed three standing committees: audit, compensation and corporate governance. Actions taken by our committees are reported to the full board. Each of our committees has a charter and each charter is posted on our website.

 

Audit Committee   Compensation Committee   Corporate Governance Committee
Richard I. Steinhart*   David Nicholson*   Ajit S. Shetty*
Jeffrey W. Chell   Jeffrey W. Chell   David Nicholson
Ajit S. Shetty   Ajit S. Shetty   Richard I. Steinhart

 

* Indicates committee chair

 

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Audit Committee

 

Our audit committee, which currently consists of three directors, provides assistance to our board in fulfilling its legal and fiduciary obligations with respect to matters involving the accounting, financial reporting, internal control and compliance functions of the company. The board of directors has determined that Mr. Steinhart is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-K. Our audit committee employs an independent registered public accounting firm to audit the financial statements of the company and perform other assigned duties. Further, our audit committee provides general oversight with respect to the accounting principles employed in financial reporting and the adequacy of our internal controls. In discharging its responsibilities, our audit committee may rely on the reports, findings and representations of the company’s auditors, legal counsel, and responsible officers. Our board has determined that all members of the audit committee are financially literate within the meaning of SEC rules and under the current listing standards of the NYSE AMERICAN. Richard I. Steinhart is the chairman of the audit committee. The Audit Committee met four times during 2018. Each member of the Audit Committee was present at all of the Audit Committee meetings held during such director’s tenure as a member of the Audit Committee.

 

Compensation Committee

 

Our compensation committee, which currently consists of three directors, establishes executive compensation policies consistent with the company’s objectives and stockholder interests. The compensation committee met one time during 2018. Our compensation committee also reviews the performance of our executive officers and establishes, adjusts and awards compensation, including incentive-based compensation, as more fully discussed below. In addition, our compensation committee generally is responsible for:

 

establishing and periodically reviewing our compensation philosophy and the adequacy of compensation plans and programs for our directors, executive officers and other employees;

 

overseeing our compensation plans, including the establishment of performance goals under the company’s incentive compensation arrangements and the review of performance against those goals in determining incentive award payouts;

 

overseeing our executive employment contracts, special retirement benefits, severance, change in control arrangements and/or similar plans;

 

acting as administrator of any company stock option plans; and

 

overseeing outside compensation consultants when engaged.

 

Our compensation committee periodically reviews the compensation paid to our non-employee directors and the principles upon which their compensation is determined. The compensation committee also periodically reports to the board on how our non-employee director compensation practices compare with those of other similarly situated public corporations and, if the compensation committee deems it appropriate, recommends changes to our director compensation practices to our board for approval.

 

Outside consulting firms retained by our compensation committee and management also will, if requested, provide assistance to the compensation committee in making its compensation-related decisions.

 

Corporate Governance Committee

 

Corporate Governance Committee, which currently consists of three directors, monitors our corporate governance system. The Corporate Governance Committee met one time during 2018.

 

Nomination of Directors

 

Board of Director nominations are selected, or recommended for the Board’s selection, by a majority of the independent directors. Our independent directors include Jeffrey W. Chell, David Nicholson, Richard I. Steinhart and Ajit S. Shetty. These directors are charged with the responsibility of proposing potential director nominees to the board of directors for consideration. All of our independent directors are independent directors as defined by the rules of the NYSE AMERICAN. Our independent directors use criteria by which it will seek to evaluate candidates to serve on our board of directors. The evaluation methodology includes items such as experience in the biotechnology sector, experience with public companies, executive managerial experience, operations and commercial experience, fundraising experience and contacts in the investment banking industry, personal and skill set compatibility with current board members, industry reputation, knowledge of our company generally, and independence.

 

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Lead Director

 

In September 2017, our board of directors created the position of Lead Director. Our board of directors designated David Nicholson, an existing independent director, as our Lead Director. Pursuant to the charter of the Lead Director, the Lead Director shall be an independent, non-employee director designated by our board of directors who shall serve in a lead capacity to coordinate the activities of the other non-employee directors, interface with and advise management, and perform such other duties as are specified in the charter or as our board of directors may determine.

 

Family Relationships

 

There are no family relationships among any of our officers or directors.

 

Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

 

To our knowledge, none of our current directors or executive officers has, during the past ten years:

 

been convicted in a criminal proceeding or been subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);

 

had any bankruptcy petition filed by or against the business or property of the person, or of any partnership, corporation or business association of which he was a general partner or executive officer, either at the time of the bankruptcy filing or within two years prior to that time;

 

been subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction or federal or state authority, permanently or temporarily enjoining, barring, suspending or otherwise limiting, his involvement in any type of business, securities, futures, commodities, investment, banking, savings and loan, or insurance activities, or to be associated with persons engaged in any such activity;

 

been found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the SEC or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated;

 

been the subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment, decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated (not including any settlement of a civil proceeding among private litigants), relating to an alleged violation of any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies including, but not limited to, a temporary or permanent injunction, order of disgorgement or restitution, civil money penalty or temporary or permanent cease-and-desist order, or removal or prohibition order, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or

 

been the subject of, or a party to, any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization (as defined in Section 3(a)(26) of the Exchange Act), any registered entity (as defined in Section 1(a)(29) of the Commodity Exchange Act), or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.

 

Except as set forth in our discussion below in “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions,” none of our directors or executive officers has been involved in any transactions with us or any of our directors, executive officers, affiliates or associates which are required to be disclosed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.

 

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Code of Ethics

 

The Company has adopted a code of ethics, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 14.1 to the Form 8-K filed on January 2, 2013.

 

Compliance with Section 16 (a) of the Exchange Act

 

Under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, our directors and certain of our officers, and persons holding more than 10 percent of our common stock are required to file forms reporting their beneficial ownership of our common stock and subsequent changes in that ownership with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Based solely upon a review of copies of such forms filed on Forms 3, 4, and 5, and amendments thereto furnished to us, we believe that as of December 31, 2018, our executive officers and directors have complied on a timely basis with all Section 16(a) filing requirements, except for a Form 4 filing on March 19, 2018 by Dr. Berger for the purchase of warrants and common stock on March 6, 2019.

 

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

 

Our Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors has the responsibility to review, determine and approve the compensation for our executive officers. Further, our Compensation Committee oversees our overall compensation strategy, including compensation policies, plans and programs that cover all employees. In 2016, our Stockholders voted on an advisory basis with respect to our compensation program for named executive officers. Of the votes cast (excluding abstentions and broker non-votes), 69.0% were cast in support of the program. In light of this, in reviewing the executive compensation program for 2016, our Compensation Committee decided to retain the general overall program design, which ties a significant portion of the executives’ pay closely with our performance. In the future, our Compensation Committee will continue to consider the executive compensation program in light of changing circumstances and stockholder feedback.

 

We currently employ five executive officers, each of whom serves as a “Named Executive Officer” (or NEO) for purposes of SEC reporting: (1) Sandesh Seth, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (who we refer to in this Compensation Discussion and Analysis as our CEO); (2) Steve O’Loughlin, our Principal Financial Officer, (3) Mark Berger, our Chief Medical Officer; (4) Dale Ludwig, our Chief Scientific Officer, and (5) Anil Kapur, our Chief Commercial Officer.

 

This Compensation Discussion and Analysis sets forth a discussion of the compensation for our NEOs as well as a discussion of our philosophies underlying the compensation for our NEOs and our employees generally.

 

Objectives of Our Compensation Program

 

The Compensation Committee’s philosophy seeks to align the interests of our stockholders, officers and employees by tying compensation to individual and company performance, both directly in the form of salary or annual cash incentive payments, and indirectly in the form of equity awards. The objectives of our compensation program enhance our ability to:

 

attract and retain qualified and talented individuals; and

 

provide reasonable and appropriate incentives and rewards to our team for building long-term value within our company, in each case in a manner comparable to companies similar to ours.

 

In addition, we strive to be competitive with other similarly situated companies in our industry. The process of developing pharmaceutical products and bringing those products to market is a long-term proposition and outcomes may not be measurable for several years. Therefore, in order to build long-term value for our company and its stockholders, and in order to achieve our business objectives, we believe that we must compensate our officers and employees in a competitive and fair manner that reflects current company activities but also reflects contributions to building long-term value.

 

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We utilize the services of StreeterWyatt Governance LLC to review compensation programs of peer companies in order to assist the Compensation Committee in determining the compensation levels for our NEOs, as well as for other employees of our company. StreeterWyatt is a recognized independent consulting company and services clients throughout the United States.

 

Elements of Our Compensation Program and Why We Chose Each

 

Main Compensation Components

 

Our company-wide compensation program, including for our NEOs, is broken down into three main components: base salary, performance cash bonuses and potential long-term compensation in the form of stock options or restricted stock awards. We believe these three components constitute the minimum essential elements of a competitive compensation package in our industry.

 

Salary

 

Base salary is used to recognize the experience, skills, knowledge and responsibilities required of our NEOs as well as recognizing the competitive nature of the biopharmaceutical industry. This is determined partially by evaluating our peer companies as well as the degree of responsibility and experience levels of our NEOs and their overall contributions to our company. Base salary is one component of the compensation package for NEOs; the other components being cash bonuses, annual equity grants, and company benefit programs. Base salary is determined in advance whereas the other components of compensation are awarded in varying degrees following an assessment of the performance of a NEO. This approach to compensation reflects the philosophy of our board of directors and its Compensation Committee to emphasize and reward, on an annual basis, performance levels achieved by our NEOs.

 

Performance Bonus Plan

 

We have a performance bonus plan under which bonuses are paid to our NEOs based on achievement of company performance goals and objectives established by the Compensation Committee and/or our board of directors as well as on individual performance. The bonus program is discretionary and is intended to: (i) strengthen the connection between individual compensation and our company’s achievements; (ii) encourage teamwork among all disciplines within our company; (iii) reinforce our pay-for-performance philosophy by awarding higher bonuses to higher performing employees; and (iv) help ensure that our cash compensation is competitive. Depending on the cash position of the company, the Compensation Committee and our board of directors have the discretion to not pay cash bonuses in order that we may conserve cash and support ongoing development programs and commercialization efforts. Regardless of our cash position, we consistently grant annual merit-based stock options to continue incentivizing both our senior management and our employees.

 

Based on their employment agreements, each NEO is assigned a target payout under the performance bonus plan, expressed as a percentage of base salary for the year. Actual payouts under the performance bonus plan are based on the achievement of corporate performance goals and an assessment of individual performance, each of which is separately weighted as a component of such officer’s target payout. For the NEOs, the corporate goals receive the highest weighting in order to ensure that the bonus system for our management team is closely tied to our corporate performance. Each employee also has specific individual goals and objectives as well that are tied to the overall corporate goals. For employees, mid-year and end-of-year progress is reviewed with the employees’ managers.

 

Equity Incentive Compensation

 

We view long-term compensation, currently in the form of stock options and restricted stock generally vesting in annual increments over four years, as a tool to align the interests of our NEOs and employees generally with the creation of stockholder value, to motivate our employees to achieve and exceed corporate and individual objectives and to encourage them to remain employed by the company. While cash compensation is a significant component of employees’ overall compensation, the Compensation Committee and our board of directors (as well as our NEOs) believe that the driving force of any employee working in a small biotechnology company should be strong equity participation. We believe that this not only creates the potential for substantial longer term corporate value but also serves to motivate employees and retain their loyalty and commitment with appropriate personal compensation.

 

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Other Compensation

 

In addition to the main components of compensation outlined above, we also have provided contractual severance and/or change in control benefits to several employees including our Executive Chairman and CEO. The change in control benefits for all applicable persons have a “double trigger.” A double-trigger means that the executive officers will receive the change in control benefits described in the agreements only if there is both (1) a Change in Control of our company (as defined in the agreements) and (2) a termination by us of the applicable person’s employment “without cause” or a resignation by the applicable persons for “good reason” (as defined in the agreements) within a specified time period prior to or following the Change in Control. We believe this double trigger requirement creates the potential to maximize stockholder value because it prevents an unintended windfall to management as no benefits are triggered solely in the event of a Change in Control while providing appropriate incentives to act in furtherance of a change in control that may be in the best interests of the stockholders. We believe these severances or change in control benefits are important elements of our compensation program that assist us in retaining talented individuals at the executive and senior managerial levels and that these arrangements help to promote stability and continuity of our executives and senior management team. Further, we believe that the interests of our stockholders will be best served if the interests of these members of our management are aligned with theirs. We believe that providing change in control benefits lessens or eliminates any potential reluctance of members of our management to pursue potential change in control transactions that may be in the best interests of the stockholders. We also believe that it is important to provide severance benefits to members of our management, to promote stability and focus on the job at hand.

 

We also provide benefits to the executive officers that are generally available to all regular full-time employees of our company, including our medical and dental insurance, and a 401(k) plan. Further, we do not have deferred compensation plans, pension arrangements or post-retirement health coverage for our executive officers or employees. All of our employees not specifically under contract are “at-will” employees, which means that their employment can be terminated at any time for any reason by either us or the employee.

 

Determination of Compensation Amounts

 

A number of factors impact the determination of compensation amounts for our NEOs, including the individual’s role in the company and individual performance, length of service with the company, competition for talent, individual compensation package, assessments of internal pay equity and industry data. Stock price performance has generally not been a factor in determining annual compensation because the price of our common stock is subject to a variety of factors outside of our control.

 

Industry Survey Data

 

In collaboration with StreeterWyatt, we establish and maintain a list of peer companies to best assure ourselves that we are compensating our executives on a fair and reasonable basis, as set forth above under the heading “Objectives of our Compensation Program.” We also utilize StreeterWyatt-prepared data for below-executive level personnel, which data focuses on biotechnology companies that can be considered peers in terms of numerous variables including phase of development, size, therapeutic and technological focus among others. The availability of peer data is used by the Compensation Committee strictly as a guide in determining compensation levels with regard to salaries, cash bonuses and performance related annual equity grants to all employees. However, the availability of this data does not imply that the Compensation Committee is under any obligation to exactly follow peer companies in compensation matters.

 

Determination of Base Salaries

 

As a guideline for NEO base salary, we perform formal benchmarks against respective comparable positions in our established peer group. We adjust salaries based on our assessment of our NEOs’ levels of responsibility, experience, overall compensation structure and individual performance. The Compensation Committee is not obliged to raise salaries purely on the availability of data. Merit-based increases to salaries of executive officers are based on our assessment of individual performance and the relationship to applicable salary ranges. Cost of living adjustments may also be a part of that assessment.

 

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Performance Bonus Plan

 

Concurrently with the beginning of each calendar year, preliminary corporate goals that reflect our business priorities for the coming year are prepared by the CEO with input from the other executive officers. These goals are weighted by relative importance. The draft goals and proposed weightings are presented to the Compensation Committee and the Board and discussed, revised as necessary, and then approved by our board of directors. The Compensation Committee then reviews the final goals and their weightings to determine and confirm their appropriateness for use as performance measurements for purposes of the bonus program. The goals and/or weightings may be re-visited during the year and potentially restated in the event of significant changes in corporate strategy or the occurrence of significant corporate events. Following the agreement of our board of directors on the corporate objectives, the goals are then shared with all employees in a formal meeting(s), and are reviewed periodically throughout the year.

 

Determination of Equity Incentive Compensation

 

To assist us in assessing the reasonableness of our equity grant amounts, we have reviewed StreeterWyatt supplied information. Such information included equity data from a cross-section of similar companies in our industry.

 

Equity Grant Practices

 

All stock options and/or restricted stock granted to the NEOs and other executives are approved by the Compensation Committee. Exercise prices for options are set at the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. Grants are generally made: (i) on the employee’s start date and (ii) at board of director meetings held each February and following annual performance reviews. However, grants have been made at other times during the year. The size of year-end grants for each NEO is assessed against our internal equity guidelines. Current market conditions for grants for comparable positions and internal equity may also be assessed. Also, grants may be made in connection with promotions or job-related changes in responsibilities. In addition, on occasion, the Compensation Committee may make additional special awards for extraordinary individual or company performance.

 

Compensation Setting Process

 

Annually, at a meeting of our board of directors and the Compensation Committee, overall corporate performance and relative achievement of the corporate goals for the prior year are assessed. The relative achievement of each goal is assessed and quantified and the summation of the individual components results in a corporate goal rating, expressed as percentages. The Compensation Committee then approves the final disbursement of salary increases, cash bonuses and option or restricted stock grants.

 

The Compensation Committee looks to the CEO’s performance assessments of the other NEOs and his recommendations regarding a performance rating for each, as well as input from the other members of our board of directors. These recommendations may be adjusted by the Compensation Committee prior to finalization. For the CEO, the Compensation Committee evaluates his performance, taking into consideration input from the other members of our board of directors, and considers the achievement of overall corporate objectives by both the CEO specifically and the company generally. The CEO is not present during the Compensation Committee’s deliberations regarding his compensation.

 

The Compensation Committee has the authority to directly engage, at our company’s expense, any compensation consultants or other advisors (such as StreeterWyatt) that it deems necessary to determine the amount and form of employee, executive and director compensation. In determining the amount and form of employee, executive and director compensation, the Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed historical salary information as well as salaries for similar positions at comparable companies. However, the availability of this data does not imply that the Compensation Committee is under any obligation to exactly follow peer companies’ compensation practices.

 

We paid consultant fees to StreeterWyatt of $10,000 during the year ended December 31, 2018. NEOs may have indirect input in the compensation results for other executive officers by virtue of their participation in the performance review and feedback process for the other executive officers.

 

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

 

Summary Compensation Table

 

The following table provides information regarding the compensation earned during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 for our named executive officers.

 

Name/Position   Year   Salary     Bonus (1)     Option Awards     All Other Compensation     Total  
Sandesh Seth (2)   2018   $ 545,000     $ 280,000     $ 549,253     $            -     $ 1,374,253  
    2017   $ 306,250     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 306,250  
                                             
Kaushik J. Dave,   2018                                        
Former CEO (3)   2017   $ 577,942     $ 110,000     $ 244,766     $ -     $ 932,708  
                                             
Mark Berger   2018   $ 400,000     $ 75,000     $ 137,313     $ -     $ 612,313  
    2017   $ 343,750     $ -     $ 234,695     $ -     $ 578,445  
                                             
Dragan Cicic,   2018                                        
Former COO (4)   2017   $ 389,125     $ 45,000     $ 73,430     $ -     $ 507,555  
                                             
Anil Kapur   2018   $ 294,402     $ -     $ 211,261     $ -     $ 505,663  
                                             
Dale Ludwig   2018   $ 323,769     $ -     $ 100,926     $ -     $ 424,695  
                                             
Nitya Ray   2018   $ 323,331     $ 35,000     $ 41,194     $ -     $ 399,525  
Former Executive Vice President (5)   2017   $ 177,273     $ -     $ 198,896     $ -     $ 376,169  
                                             
Steve O’Loughlin   2018   $ 285,000     $ 75,000     $ 145,552     $ -     $ 505,552  
    2017   $ 235,152     $ 50,000     $ 97,907     $ -     $ 383,059  

 

(1) The bonus disclosed in this column relates to performance in the prior year, but was contingent upon board approval, and was paid in the year disclosed.

 

(2) Mr. Seth was appointed Chief Executive Officer on June 5, 2017. Prior to this, Mr. Seth was Executive Chairman and was paid an annual consulting fee and bonus. In March 2017, Mr. Seth was awarded stock options to purchase 750,000 shares for $1.39, having an option award value of $734,301 and in April 2017, Mr. Seth received a bonus as Executive Chairman of $215,000.

 

(3) Dr. Dave resigned from the company on May 12, 2017. His 2017 salary includes a severance of $410,000.

 

(4) Dr. Cicic resigned from the company on May 12, 2017. His 2017 salary includes a severance of $283,000.

 

(5) Dr. Ray resigned from the company on December 21, 2018.

 

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Director Compensation

 

The following table sets forth the compensation of our non-employee directors for the 2018 fiscal year:

 

Name   Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash
    Stock
Awards
    Option
Awards
(1)
    All Other
Compensation
    Total  
                               
Jeffrey W. Chell (2)   $ 34,607       -     $ 59,366       -     $ 93,973  
David Nicholson   $ 63,500       -     $ 41,194       -     $ 104,694  
Ajit J. Shetty   $ 58,500       -     $ 41,194       -     $ 99,694  
Richard Steinhart   $ 66,091       -     $ 41,194       -     $ 107,285  

 

(1) At the end of December 31, 2018, the aggregate number of option awards outstanding for each director was as follows: (i) for Dr. Chell, 150,000, (ii) for Dr. Nicholson, 349,900, (iii) for Dr. Shetty, 150,000, and (iv) for Mr. Steinhart, 299,950.

 

(2) Mr. Chell was appointed a director on April 27, 2018.

 

In accordance with SEC rules, the amounts shown reflect the aggregate grant date fair value of option awards granted to Non-Employee Directors during 2018, computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718.

 

Our non-employee directors are paid an annual fee of $40,000 and receive annual option grants. Dr. Nicholson as Lead Director receives an additional annual fee of $10,000. Board committee members receive the following compensation:

 

BOD Committee   Chairman     Member  
             
Audit   $ 20,000     $ 6,000  
Compensation   $ 10,000     $ 5,000  
Corporate Governance   $ 7,500     $ 3,000  

 

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Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table

 

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END - 2018

 

The following table sets forth all unexercised options that have been awarded to our named executives by the Company that were outstanding as of December 31, 2018.

 

    Option Awards   Stock Awards  
Name
(a)
  Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
(#)
(Exercisable) (b)
    Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
(#)
(Unexercisable) (c)
    Equity
Incentive
Plan
Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised Unearned
Options
(#)
(d)
    Option
Exercise
Price
($)
(e)
    Option
Expiration Date
(f)
  Number of
Shares or
Units of
Stock That
Have Not
Vested
(#)
(g)
    Market
Value of
Shares
or Units
of Stock
That
Have Not
Vested
($)
(h)
    Equity
Incentive
Plan
Awards:
Number
of
Unearned
Shares,
Units or
Other
Rights
That
Have Not
Vested
(#)
(i)
    Equity
Incentive
Plan
Awards:
Market or
Payout
Value of
Unearned
Shares,
Units or
Other
Rights
That
Have Not
Vested
($)
(j)
 
Sandesh Seth     24,975       -       -       1.50     8/30/2022     -       -       -       -  
      24,975       -       -       1.50     12/19/2022     -       -       -       -  
      280,000       -       -       6.13     9/23/2024     -       -       -       -  
      138,000       12,000       -       3.58     2/15/2025     -       -       -       -  
      320,000       180,000       -       1.99     4/15/2026     -       -       -       -  
      373,000       377,000       -       1.39     3/14/2027     -       -       -       -  
      100,000       900,000       -       0.7829     7/13/2028     -       -       -       -  
                                                                     
Mark Berger     162,500       162,500       -       1.04     1/17/2027     -       -       -       -  
      25,000       225,000       -       0.7829     7/13/2028     -       -       -       -  
                                                                     
Anil Kapur     -       475,000       -       0.6369     2/06/2028     -       -       -       -  
                                                                     
Dale Ludwig     -       200,000       -       0.723     1/08/2028     -       -       -       -  
                                                                     
Nitya Ray     100,000       -       -       1.15     3/21/2019     -       -       -       -  
      7,500       -       -       0.7829     3/21/2019     -       -       -       -  
                                                                     
Steve O’Loughlin     80,000       20,000       -       1.79     9/28/2025     -       -       -       -  
      32,000       18,000       -       1.99     4/15/2026     -       -       -       -  
      56,500       43,500       -       1.39     3/14/2027     -       -       -       -  
      26,500       238,500       -       0.7829     7/13/2028     -       -       -       -  

 

Indemnification of Directors and Officers

 

Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware General Corporation Law allows a corporation to provide in its certificate of incorporation that a director of the corporation will not be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except where the directors breached the duty of loyalty, failed to act in good faith, engaged in intentional misconduct or knowingly violated a law, authorized the payment of a dividend or approved a stock repurchase in violation of Delaware corporate law or obtained an improper personal benefit. Our certificate of incorporation provides for this limitation of liability.

 

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Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware provides that a Delaware corporation may indemnify any person who was, is or is threatened to be made, party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of such corporation), by reason of the fact that such person is or was an officer, director, employee or agent of such corporation or is or was serving at the request of such corporation as a director, officer employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise. The indemnity may include expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, provided such person acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the corporation’s best interests and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was illegal. A Delaware corporation may indemnify any persons who are, or were, a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise. The indemnity may include expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit, provided such person acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the corporation’s best interests, provided that no indemnification is permitted without judicial approval if the officer, director, employee or agent is adjudged to be liable to the corporation. Where an officer or director is successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any action referred to above, the corporation must indemnify him against the expenses which such officer or directors has actually and reasonably incurred.

 

Section 145 further authorizes a corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise, against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation would otherwise have the power to indemnify him under Section 145.

 

Our bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorized by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.  Expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an officer or director of the Corporation in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company as authorized under Delaware law.  Such expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by former directors and officers or other employees and agents of the Company or by persons serving at the request of the Company as directors, officers, employees or agents of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Company deems appropriate.

 

The indemnification rights set forth above shall not be exclusive of any other right which an indemnified person may have or hereafter acquire under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee, or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors, and administrators of such person.

 

We maintain a general liability insurance policy that covers liabilities of directors and officers of our corporation arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or officers. We have also entered in to Indemnification Agreements with our executive officers and directors.

 

At the present time, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving a director, officer, employee, or other agent of ours in which indemnification would be required or permitted. We are not aware of any threatened litigation or proceeding that may result in a claim for such indemnification.

 

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

 

The following table shows the beneficial ownership of our Common Stock as of March 5, 2019 held by (i) each person known to us to be the beneficial owner of more than five percent (5%) of any class of our shares; (ii) each director; (iii) each executive officer; and (iv) all directors and executive officers as a group.

 

  Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and generally includes voting power and/or investment power with respect to the securities held.  Shares of Common Stock subject to options and warrants currently exercisable or which may become exercisable within 60 days of March 5, 2019, are deemed outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding such options or warrants for purposes of computing the number of shares and percentage beneficially owned by such person, but are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage beneficially owned by any other person.  Except as indicated in the footnotes to this table, the persons or entities named have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our Common Stock shown as beneficially owned by them.

 

The percentages below are based on fully diluted shares of our Common Stock equivalents as of March 5, 2019. Unless otherwise indicated, the principal address of each of the persons below is c/o Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 275 Madison Ave, 7th floor, New York, NY 10016.

 

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Unless otherwise indicated, the principal address of each of the persons below is c/o Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 275 Madison Ave, 7 th floor, New York, NY 10016.

    

Executive Officers and Directors   Number of Shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock Beneficially Owned     Percentage of Ownership (a)  
Sandesh Seth     1,830,147 (1)     1.6 %
Steve O’Loughlin     282,500 (2)     *%  
Mark Berger, M.D.     268,000 (3)     *%  
Anil Kapur     201,500 (4)     *%  
Dale Ludwig, Ph.D.     82,000 (5)     *%  
Jeffrey W. Chell, M.D.     82,000 (6)     *%  
David Nicholson, Ph.D.     241,400 (7)     *%  
Ajit S. Shetty, Ph.D.     78,230 (8)     *%  
Richard I. Steinhart     200,196 (9)     *%  
                 
All Directors and Officers as a Group (9 persons)     3,219,973 (10)     2.7 %
All other 5% holders                

  

* less than 1%

 

(a) Based on 117,337,447 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of March 5, 2019

 

(1) Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 64,747 shares of Common Stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.784 per share, exercisable on a cashless basis, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 99,617 of Common Stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.784 per share, exercisable on a cashless basis issued to Amrosan, LLC, a partnership in which the majority member interest is owned by the family of Mr. Seth, and warrants to purchase 57,212 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.23 per share. Excludes warrants to purchase an aggregate of 375,556 shares of Common Stock of the Company at par value per share, exercisable on a cashless basis issued to Amrosan, LLC as the warrants are not exercisable upon less than 90 days’ notice. The holder may waive the 90-day exercise notice requirement by giving 65 days prior notice of such waiver. Excludes 353,023 warrants issued to Carnegie Hill Asset Partners and irrevocable trust linked to Mr. Seth’s family and 721,068 warrants issued to Bioche Asset Management, LLC, a partnership in which the majority member interest is owned by the family of Mr. Seth whose terms are the same as those issued to Amrosan LLC. On August 30, 2012 and December 12, 2012, Mr. Seth was granted options to purchase an aggregate of 49,950 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share. On September 13, 2014, Mr. Seth was granted an option to purchase 280,000 shares with an exercise price of $6.13 per share. On February 18, 2015, Mr. Seth was granted an option to purchase 150,000 shares with an exercise price of $3.58 per share. On April 15, 2016, Mr. Seth was granted an option to purchase 500,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.99 per share. On March 14, 2017, Mr. Seth was granted options to purchase an aggregate of 750,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.39 per share. On July 13, 2018, Mr. Seth was granted an option to purchase 1,000,000 shares at an exercise price of $0.7829 per share. All options are subject to vesting. Within 60 days of March 5, 2019, 1,464,950 options will have vested. Includes 161,458 shares of Common Stock and 39,375 March 2018 Series B Warrants.

 

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(2) On October 1, 2015, Mr. O’Loughlin was granted 100,000 options with an exercise price of $1.79 per share. On April 14, 2016, Mr. O’Loughlin was granted options to purchase of 50,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.99 per share. On March 14, 2017, Mr. O’Loughlin was granted options to purchase 100,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.39 per share. On July 13, 2018, Mr. O’Loughlin was granted an option to purchase 265,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.7829 per share. All options are subject to vesting. Within 60 days of March 5, 2019, 239,500 options will have vested. Includes 35,500 shares of Common Stock and 7,500 March 2018 Series B Warrants.

 

(3) On January 17, 2017, Dr. Berger was granted an option to purchase 325,000 shares with an exercise price of $1.04 per share. On July 13, 2018, Dr. Berger was granted an option to purchase 250,000 shares at an exercise price of $0.7829 per share. All options are subject to vesting. Within 60 days of March 5, 2019, 238,500 options will have vested. Includes 19,000 shares of Common Stock and 10,500 March 2018 Series B Warrants.

 

(4) On February 6, 2018, Mr. Kapur was granted an option to purchase 475,000 shares with an exercise price of $0.64 per share. This option is subject to vesting. Within 60 days of March 5, 2019, 161,500 options will have vested. Includes 40,000 shares of Common Stock.

 

(5) On January 8, 2018, Dr. Ludwig was granted an option to purchase 200,000 shares with an exercise price of $0.72 per share. This option is subject to vesting. Within 60 days of March 5, 2019, 72,000 options will have vested. Includes 10,000 shares of Common Stock.

 

(6) On April 27, 2018, Dr. Chell was granted an option to purchase 75,000 shares with an exercise price of $0.347 per share. On July 13, 2018, Dr. Chell was granted an option to purchase 75,000 shares at an exercise price of $0.7829 per share. All options are subject to vesting. Within 60 days of March 5, 2019, 36,000 options will have vested.

 

(7) On February 12, 2012, Dr. Nicholson was granted an option to purchase 49,950 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.784 per share and on August 12, 2012 and December 19, 2012, Dr. Nicholson was granted options to purchase an aggregate of 49,950 shares at an exercise price of $1.50 per share. On February 18, 2015, Dr. Nicholson was granted an option to purchase 25,000 shares with an exercise price of $3.58 per share. On April 15, 2016, Dr. Nicholson was granted an option to purchase 75,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.99 per share. On March 14, 2017, Dr. Nicholson was granted an option to purchase 75,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.39 per share. On July 13, 2018, Dr. Nicholson was granted an option to purchase 75,000 shares at an exercise price of $0.7829 per share. All options are subject to vesting. Within 60 days of March 5, 2019 231,400 options will have vested. Includes 10,000 shares of Common Stock.

 

(8) On March 28, 2017, Dr. Shetty was granted an option to purchase 75,000 shares of Common Stock with an exercise price of $1.58 per share. On July 13, 2018, Dr. Shetty was granted an option to purchase 75,000 shares at an exercise price of $0.7829 per share. All options are subject to vesting. Within 60 days of March 5, 2019, 55,500 shares will have vested. Includes 22,730 shares of Common Stock.

 

(9) On December 16, 2013 Mr. Steinhart was granted an option to purchase 49,950 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $6.70 per share. On February 18, 2015, Mr. Steinhart was granted an option to purchase 25,000 shares at an exercise price of $3.58 per share. On April 15, 2016, Mr. Steinhart was granted an option to purchase 75,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.99 per share. On March 14, 2017, Mr. Steinhart was granted an option to purchase 75,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.39 per share. On July 13, 2018, Mr Steinhart was granted an option to purchase 75,000 shares at an exercise price of $0.7829 per share. All options are subject to vesting. Within 60 days of March 5, 2019, 185,446 options will have vested. Includes 9,500 shares of Common Stock and 10,500 March 2018 Series B Warrants.

 

(10) Includes warrants to purchase 226,989 shares of Common Stock, vested options to purchase 2,684,796 shares of Common Stock and 308,188 shares of Common Stock.

 

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

 

Transactions with Related Persons

 

None.

 

Non-Competition Agreements

 

Our executive officers have signed non-competition agreements, which provide that all inventions become the immediate property of us and require invention assignments. The agreements provide that the executive officers will hold proprietary information in the strictest confidence and not use the confidential information for any purpose not expressly authorized by us.

 

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

 

The table below shows the aggregate fees billed for professional services for the audits and audit-related fees of the Company’s annual financial statements included in Form 10-K for the time periods of August 9, 2018 through December 31, 2018 by Marcum LLP, or Marcum, and for January 1, 2018 through August 8, 2018 by GBH CPAs PC, or GBH, and for the year ended December 31, 2017 by GBH. GBH resigned as the Company’s auditors as a result of combining its practice with Marcum effective July 1, 2018.

 

    Year Ended
December 31,
2018
    Year Ended
December 31,
2017
 
Audit Fees   $ 113,000     $ 116,500  
Audit – Related Fees     28,800       60,800  
Tax Fees     -       -  
All Other Fees     -       -  
Total   $ 141,800     $ 177,300  

 

Pre-Approval Policy

 

In 2015, the Audit Committee adopted policies and procedures for the pre-approval of audit and non-audit services performed by the independent registered public accountants pursuant to which the Audit Committee generally is required to pre-approve the audit and permissible non-audit services performed by the independent registered public accountants in order to ensure that the provision of such services does not impair the registered accountants’ independence.

 

67

 

 

 

PART IV

 

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

  

Exhibit
Number
  Description
1.1   Underwriting Agreement, dated September 28, 2016, by and between H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to Form 8-K filed on September 29, 2016).
1.2   At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated March 16, 2017, between FBR Capital Markets & Co, and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to Form S-3 filed on March 16, 2017).
1.3   Amended and Restated At-the-Market Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated July 3, 2017, among FBR Capital Markets & Co., MLV & Co. LLC, JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC, and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Form 10-Q filed on August 4, 2017).
1.4   Underwriting Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2017, by and between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. as representative of the several underwriters party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to Form 8-K filed on July 28, 2017).
1.5   Dealer-Manager Agreement, dated February 15, 2018, between Maxim Group LLC and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to Form 8-K filed on February 15, 2018).
2.1   Share Exchange Agreement, dated December 28, 2012, by and among Cactus Ventures, Inc., Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Diane S. Button, and the shareholders of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K filed on January 2, 2013).
2.2   Share Exchange Agreement, dated March 11, 2013, by and among Cactus Ventures, Inc., Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and the shareholders of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on March 11, 2013).
2.3   Share Exchange Agreement, dated August 22, 2013, by and among Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Actinium Corporation, and the shareholders of Actinium Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to Form S-1/A filed on August 22, 2013).
3.1   Certificate of Incorporation of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 17, 2013).
3.2   Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation filed January 7, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to Form S-1 filed on January 31, 2014).
3.3   Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation filed February 3, 2014. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on February 7, 2014).
3.4   Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on March 4, 2015).
3.5   Amended and Restated Bylaws, dated August 8, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 10-Q filed on August 9, 2018).
3.6   Certificate of Amendment to Actinium’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, filed on February 26, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on February 26, 2018).
3.7   Certificate of Amendment to Actinium’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, filed on March 6, 2019
4.1   Form of Common Stock Warrant, dated December 27, 2013 and January 10, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to Form S-1 filed on January 31, 2014).
4.2   Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed on February 6, 2015).
4.3   Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on July 28, 2017).
4.4   Form of Warrant Agency Agreement between Action Stock Transfer Corporation and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed on February 15, 2018).
4.5   Form of Series A Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K filed on February 15, 2018).
4.6   Form of Series B Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Form 8-K filed on February 15, 2018).
4.7   Form of Non-Transferable Subscription Rights Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Form 8-K filed on February 15, 2018).
4.8   Revised Form of Non-Transferable Subscription Rights Certificate. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed on February 26, 2018).
4.9   Amendment to Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, dated November 8, 2018, issued to Amrosan LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2018).
4.10   Amendment to Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, dated November 8, 2018, issued to Carnegie Hill Partners (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2018).
4.11   Amendment to Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, dated November 8, 2018, issued to Bioche Asset Management, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2018).

 

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10.1   Third Amendment to the 2013 Amended and Restated Stock Plan, effective as of December 22, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.56 to Form 10-K filed on March 11, 2016).
10.2   Office Space License Agreement, dated March 19, 2016, by and between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Relmada Therapeutics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.57 to Form 10-K filed on March 11, 2016).
10.3   Fourth Amendment to the 2013 Amended and Restated Stock Plan, effective as of December 13, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to Form 8-K filed on December 14, 2016).
10.4   Fifth Amendment to the 2013 Amended and Restated Stock Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.59 to Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2017).
10.5   Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated March 16, 2017, by and between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Dragan Cicic. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2017).
10.6   Amendment to Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, dated March 14, 2017 issued to Sandesh Seth (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2017).
10.7   Amendment to Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, dated March 14, 2017 issued to Amrosan LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.62 to Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2017).
10.8   Warrant to Purchase Common Stock of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., dated March 14, 2017, issued to Sandesh Seth (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.63 to Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2017).
10.9   Offer Letter, dated December 27, 2016, by and between Dr. Mark S. Berger and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.64 to Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2017).
10.10   Confidential Information and Invention Assignment Agreement, dated December 27, 2016, by and between Dr. Mark S. Berger and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.65 to Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2017).
10.11   Indemnification Agreement, dated March 16, 2017, by and between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Mark S. Berger (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.66 to Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2017).
10.12   Director Agreement, dated March 28, 2017, between Ajit S. Shetty and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on March 28, 2017).
10.13   Indemnity Agreement, dated March 28, 2017, between Ajit S. Shetty and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on March 28, 2017).
10.14   Confidential Information and Invention Assignment Agreement, dated March 28, 2017, between Ajit S. Shetty and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K filed on March 28, 2017).
10.15   Amendment to Amended and Restated Consulting Agreement, dated May 5, 2017, by and between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Sandesh Seth (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on May 11, 2017).
10.16   Offer Letter, dated September 17, 2015, between Steve O’Loughlin and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed on May 15, 2017).
10.17   Indemnification Agreement, dated May 15, 2017, between Steve O’Loughlin and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q filed on May 15, 2017).
10.18   Assignment and Consent Agreement, dated June 6, 2017, between 275 Madison Avenue RPW 1 LLC and 275 Madison Avenue RPW 2 LLC, Relmada Therapeutics, Inc., and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed on August 4, 2017).
10.19   Amended and Restated License Agreement, Dated June 8, 2017, between Relmada Therapeutics, Inc., and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-Q filed on August 4, 2017).
10.20   Offer Letter, dated May 26, 2017, between Nitya G. Ray and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-Q filed on August 4, 2017).
10.21   Agreement, dated June 6, 2017, between Sergio Traversa and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Form 10-Q filed on August 4, 2017).
10.22   Consulting Agreement, dated May 22, 2017, between Dragan Cicic and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Form 10-Q filed on August 4, 2017).
10.23   Separation and Settlement Agreement, dated May 12, 2017, between Kaushik Dave and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Form 10-Q filed on August 4, 2017).
10.24   Separation and Settlement Agreement, dated May 12, 2017, between Dragan Cicic and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Form 10-Q filed on August 4, 2017).
10.25   Sixth Amendment to the 2013 Amended and Restated Stock Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.56 to Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2018).

 

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10.26   Offer Letter, effective January 2, 2018, between Dale L. Ludwig and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.57 to Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2018).
10.27   Indemnification Agreement, dated January 5, 2018, between Dale L. Ludwig and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.58 to Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2018).
10.28   Offer Letter, effective January 31, 2018, between Anil Kapur and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.59 to Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2018).
10.29   Indemnification Agreement, dated February 8, 2018, between Anil Kapur and Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2018).
10.30   Director Agreement, dated April 27, 2018, by and between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Jeffrey W. Chell (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on May 1, 2018).
10.31   Indemnity Agreement, dated April 27, 2018, by and between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Jeffrey W. Chell (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on May 1, 2018).
10.32   Confidential Information and Invention Assignment Agreement, dated April 27, 2018, by and between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Jeffrey W. Chell (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K filed on May 1, 2018).
10.33   Employment Agreement, dated August 8, 2018, by and between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Sandesh Seth (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed on August 9, 2018).
10.34   Employment Agreement, dated August 8, 2018, by and between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Steve O’Loughlin (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q filed on August 9, 2018).
10.35   Purchase Agreement, dated October 18, 2018, by and between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on October 18, 2018).
10.36   Registration Rights Agreement, dated October 18, 2018, by and between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on October 18, 2018).
10.37   Consulting Agreement, dated December 21, 2018, between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Nitya Ray.
10.38   Amended and Restated At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated December 28, 2018, by and among Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and B. Riley FBR, Inc. and JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC.
10.39   Seventh Amendment to the 2013 Amended and Restated Stock Plan, as amended.
14.1   Code of Ethics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to Form 8-K filed on January 2, 2013).
21.1   List of Subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2015).
23.1   Consent of GBH CPAs, PC.
23.2   Consent of Marcum LLP.
31.1   Certification of Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2   Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*   Certification of Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*   Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
101.INS  **   XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH **   XBRL Taxonomy Schema
101.CAL **   XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF **   XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase
101.LAB **   XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase
101.PRE **   XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase

 

* In accordance with SEC Release 33-8238, Exhibit 32.1 is being furnished and not filed.

 

** Furnished herewith. XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant.

 

Dated: March 15, 2019 ACTINIUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
     
  By: /s/ Sandesh Seth
    Sandesh Seth
    Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Duly Authorized Officer,
Principal Executive Officer)
     
     
  By: /s/ Steve O’Loughlin
    Steve O’Loughlin
    Principal Financial Officer (Duly Authorized Officer, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following person on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. 

 

Signature   Title   Date
         
/s/ Sandesh Seth   Chairman and Chief Executive Officer   March 15, 2019
Sandesh Seth   (Principal Executive Officer)    
         
/s/ Jeffrey Chell   Director   March 15, 2019
Jeffrey Chell        
         
/s/ David Nicholson   Director   March 15, 2019
David Nicholson        
         
/s/ Richard I. Steinhart   Director   March 15, 2019
Richard I. Steinhart        
         
/s/ Ajit J. Shetty   Director   March 15, 2019
Ajit J. Shetty        

 

 

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Exhibit 3.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 10.37  

 

CONSULTING AGREEMENT

Effective Date: December 22, 2019

 

THIS CONSULTING AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) is entered into by and between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation with a business address at Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., having a place of business at 275 Madison Ave, 7 th Floor, New York, NY. 10016, (“API”). (the “ Company ”), and Nitya G. Ray, Ph.D. with a business address at 14 Baybury Court, East Hanover, NJ 07936 (“ Consultant ”), as of the date set forth above.

 

WHEREAS, the Company wishes to obtain the services of Consultant for certain purposes, and Consultant wishes to provide such services, all subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained herein, the Company and Consultant hereby agree to be legally bound as follows:

 

1. Services . During the Term, Consultant shall perform for the Company the consulting services described in Schedule 1 (the “ Services ”).

 

2. Compensation .

 

2.1 Fees for Services . In connection with the Services, the Company shall pay Consultant $250 US dollars per hour for direct project work and $125 US dollars per hour for travel time authorized by the Company.

 

2.2 Benefits . Consultant is not an employee of the Company and will not be entitled to participate in or receive any benefit or right as a Company employee under any Company employee benefit and welfare plan, including, without limitation, employee insurance, pension, savings and security plans as a result of his entering into this Agreement.

 

2.3 Expenses . The Company shall reimburse Consultant for all pre-approved, reasonable expenses that are actually incurred and necessary for the performance of Services by Consultant. Consultant shall invoice the Company for such expenses, which invoice shall include reasonable supporting documentation (such as receipts) verifying such expenses.

 

2.4 Taxes and Withholdings . All taxes relating to Consultant’s performance under this Agreement shall be the responsibility of Consultant. In particular, Consultant shall be solely responsible for the payment of all federal, state and local taxes or contributions imposed or required under unemployment insurance, social security and income tax laws that pertain to the compensation paid or reimbursements provided to Consultant.

 

3. Duties of Consultant .

 

3.1 Availability of Consultant . Consultant shall hold himself available to Services (a) during normal business hours, other reasonable times and such other times as the parties may agree, (b) at the Company’s offices, places the Company may request from time to time or such other places as the parties may agree.

 

 

 

 

3.2 Efforts of Consultant . Consultant shall perform Services conscientiously and in a professional manner, and devote his best efforts and abilities thereto. Consultant shall observe all policies and procedures of the Company, and such other directives as may be promulgated from time to time by the Company’s officers or board of directors.

 

3.3 No Conflicting Agreements . Consultant represents and warrants that Consultant is not a party to any existing agreement that would prevent Consultant from entering into and performing its obligations under this Agreement in accordance with its terms. Consultant shall not enter into any agreement that is in conflict with, or that would prohibit or impair the performance of, Consultant’s obligations under this Agreement in accordance with its terms.

 

3.4 Independent Contractor . Consultant understands and agrees that he is acting solely as an independent contractor of the Company in performing any of the Services and as such agrees that, at all times, Consultant is not an employee of the Company. This Agreement shall not be construed as authority for Consultant to act as the Company’s agent or in any similar capacity, nor to make commitments of any kind for the account of or on behalf of the Company, and Consultant shall not take any action suggesting otherwise.

 

3.5 Intentionally left blank.

 

3.6 Modification . Consultant agrees that, should a court determine that any provision, term or condition set forth in Sections 7.3 or 7.5 are invalid or unenforceable, the court may alter or modify any such provision, term or condition in a manner so as to protect the Company’s legitimate business interests.

 

3.7 Social Security Number . Consultant certifies that he will supply his correct Social Security Number or Employer Identification Number (EIN) to the Company. Consultant acknowledges that the Company will rely upon the foregoing certification in filing certain documents and instruments required by law in connection with this Agreement, including, without limitation, Form 1099 under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (or any successor form).

 

4. Confidentiality .

 

4.1 Company Confidential Information . Consultant shall hold in strict confidence, and not use, except for the benefit of the Company, and not disclose to any person or entity without written authorization of the CEO of the Company, any Confidential Information (as defined below) of the Company. “ Confidential Information ” means any proprietary or confidential information, technical data, trade secrets or know-how, including, but not limited to, research, product plans, products, services, customer lists and customers, markets, software, developments, inventions, processes, formulas, technology, designs, drawings, engineering, marketing, distribution and sales methods and systems, sales and profit figures, finances and other business information disclosed to Consultant by or on behalf of the Company, either directly or indirectly, whether in writing, orally or by drawings or inspection of documents or other tangible property; provided , that Confidential Information shall not include any of the foregoing items to the extent they have become publicly known and made generally available through no act of Consultant.

 

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4.2 Third Party Information Held by Consultant . Consultant shall not improperly use or disclose to the Company or any of its directors, officers, employees or agents, any confidential information of any current or former client or other person or entity with whom Consultant has an agreement or duty to keep such information confidential, and Consultant shall not bring onto the premises of the Company any such information in any medium unless consented to in writing by such client, person or entity.

 

4.3 Third Party Information Held by the Company . Consultant recognizes that the Company has received, and in the future may receive, from third parties Confidential Information subject to a duty on the Company’s part to maintain the confidentiality of such information and to use it only for certain limited purposes. Consultant shall hold all such information in strict confidence and not disclose it to any person or entity or use it except as necessary in carrying out Services, consistent with the Company’s agreement with such third party. For purposes of this Agreement, such third party information shall be deemed part of the Confidential Information of the Company.

 

4.4 Required Disclosure of Confidential Information . If Consultant is required by law or court or governmental order to disclose Confidential Information, Consultant shall give the Company prompt written notice of such requirement such that the Company shall have the opportunity to apply for a protective order, injunction or for confidential treatment of such Confidential Information.

 

5. Ownership of Results .

 

5.1 Assignment of Inventions . Consultant shall promptly make full written disclosure to the Company, shall hold in trust for the sole right and benefit of the Company, and hereby assigns, transfers and conveys to the Company, or its designee, all of Consultant’s worldwide right, title and interest in and to any and all inventions, original works of authorship, findings, conclusions, data, discoveries, developments, concepts, improvements, trade secrets, techniques, processes and know-how, whether or not patentable or registrable under patent, copyright or similar laws, that Consultant may solely or jointly conceive, develop or reduce to practice, or cause to be conceived, developed or reduced to practice, in the performance of the Services or that result, to any extent, from use of the Company’s premises or property (collectively, the “ Inventions ”), including any and all moral rights and intellectual property rights inherent therein and appurtenant thereto, including, but not limited to, all patent rights, copyrights, trademarks, know-how and trade secrets and the rights to apply for the same (collectively, “ Intellectual Property Rights ”). Consultant further acknowledges and agrees that all original works of authorship that are made by Consultant (solely or jointly with others) in the performance of the Services (a “ Work ”) and that are protectable by copyright are “works made for hire,” as that term is defined in the United States Copyright Act. However, to the extent that any Work may not, by operation of any applicable law, be a work made for hire, Consultant hereby assigns, transfers and conveys to the Company all of Consultant’s worldwide right, title and interest in and to such Work, including all Intellectual Property Rights relating thereto.

 

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5.2 Further Assurances . Upon the request and at the expense of the Company, Consultant shall execute and deliver any and all instruments and documents and take such other acts as may be necessary or desirable to document the assignment and transfer described in Section 5.1 or to enable the Company to secure its rights in the Inventions, Works and Intellectual Property Rights relating thereto in any and all jurisdictions, or to apply for, prosecute and enforce Intellectual Property Rights in any and all jurisdictions with respect to any Inventions or Works, or to obtain any extension, validation, re-issue, continuance or renewal of any such Intellectual Property Right. Without limiting the foregoing, Consultant shall disclose to the Company all pertinent information and data with respect thereto and shall execute all applications, specifications, oaths and all other instruments which the Company deems necessary in order to apply for and obtain such rights and in order to assign and convey to the Company the sole and exclusive right, title and interest in and to such Inventions, Works and any Intellectual Property Rights relating thereto. If the Company is unable for any other reason to secure Consultant’s signature to apply for or to pursue any application for any United States or foreign patent, trademark, copyright or other registration covering Inventions or Works assigned to the Company hereunder, then Consultant hereby irrevocably designates and appoints the Company and its duly authorized officers and agents as Consultant’s agent and attorney in fact, to act for and in Consultant’s behalf and stead to execute and file any such applications and to do all other lawfully permitted acts to further the prosecution and issuance of letters patent or trademark, copyright or other registrations thereon with the same legal force and effect as if executed by Consultant.

 

6. Term and Termination .

 

Term . The initial term of this Agreement shall begin on the Effective Date, which will be on December 22, 2018 and shall continue until March 31, 2019 (the “ Term ”) unless earlier terminated pursuant to this Section 6. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company and Consultant may agree to extend the Term of the Agreement for an additional three months until June 30, 2019 if the transition has not been properly completed.

 

6.1 Termination by the Company . The Company and Consultant shall have the right to terminate this Agreement on 15 days prior written notice to the other party.

 

6.2 Obligations . Upon termination, the Company shall have no obligation to pay Consultant any fees or expenses that accrued subsequent to (a) a breach of Consultant’s obligations hereunder, (b) the failure of Consultant to perform the Services as contemplated by this Agreement or (c) the commission of fraud upon the Company by Consultant.

 

6.3 Survival . The provisions of Sections 3.4, 3.5, 3.6 and Articles 4, 5, 6 and 7 shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. The expiration or termination of this Agreement shall not impair any right or obligation of any party accruing prior to the effective date of such expiration or termination.

 

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7. Miscellaneous .

 

7.1 Release of Claims . In consideration for the obligations of the Company set forth in this Agreement, Consultant, on behalf of himself, and his respective heirs, executors, administrators and assigns (collectively, “Employee Releasors”), as may be applicable, hereby fully and forever release the Company and its respective officers, directors, employees, agents, investors, stockholders (each of such foregoing persons who were or are acting on behalf of or at the Company’s direction), parent, subsidiary and affiliate companies, predecessor and successor companies and assigns, of and from any known or unknown claim, duty, obligation or cause of action relating to any matters of any kind that any of the Employee Releasors may possess arising from the employment relationship between Company and Consultant from the beginning of time up until and including the date of this Agreement including, without limitation:

 

(a) any and all claims relating to or arising from Consultant’s employment relationship with the Company and the termination of those relationships, including, without limitation Consultant’s rights to salary and benefits except as provided herein;

 

(b) any and all claims for wrongful discharge of employment; breach of contract, both express and implied; breach of a covenant of good faith and fair dealing, both express and implied, negligent or intentional infliction of emotional distress; negligent or intentional misrepresentation; negligent or intentional interference with contract or prospective economic advantage; negligence; and defamation;

 

(c) any and all claims for violation of any federal, state or municipal statute, including, but not limited to, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Civil Rights Act of 1991, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Older Workers Benefits Protection Act of 1990 (“OWBPA”), the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Family and Medical Leave Act, the civil whistleblower protection provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and all other federal, state and local laws dealing with discrimination on any basis, including but not limited to sex, race, national origin, veteran status, religion, disability and age. This Agreement also includes any claim of wrongful termination, based on any legal theory including but not limited to contract and personal injury;

 

(d) any and all claims arising out of any other laws and regulations relating to employment or employment discrimination; and

 

(e) any and all claims for attorneys’ fees and costs.

 

The Company and Consultant agree that the release set forth in this Section 7.2 shall be and remain in effect in all respects as a complete general release as to the matters released. This release does not extend to any payments or benefits receivable, or obligations incurred or specified under this Agreement.

 

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7.2 Nonsolicitation . Consultant agrees that for three years he will not either directly or indirectly solicit, induce, recruit or encourage any of the Company’s officers or employees to terminate their relationship with the Company, or attempt to solicit, induce, recruit or encourage officers, employees or of the Company, either for his own benefit or for the benefit of any other person or entity. Further, Consultant agrees that he will not use any confidential or proprietary information of the Company to attempt to negatively influence any of the Company’s employees from remaining in the Company or to solicit or influence or attempt to solicit or influence any employee either directly or indirectly, to join another Company, institution or other entity in competition with the business of the Company. Consultant agrees that he will be able to earn a livelihood without violating the restrictions set forth in this Section 7.3. Further, for a period of thirty six (36) months from the date of this Agreement, he shall not attempt to negatively influence any of the Company’s client’s or customers from purchasing Company products or services or to solicit or influence any client, customer or other person either directly or indirectly, to direct his or its purchase of products and/or services to any person, firm, corporation, institution or other entity in competition with the business of the Company.

 

For a period of thirty six (36) months from the date of this Agreement, without the prior written consent of the Company, Consultant will not directly or indirectly (i) acquire or agree, offer, seek or propose to acquire, ownership (including, but not limited to, beneficial ownership as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) of the assets or business or more than fifteen (15%) percent of the outstanding securities issued by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (ii) make, or in any way participate in, any “solicitation” of “proxies” (as such terms are defined under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act) to vote or seek to advise or influence in any matter whatsoever any person or entity with respect to the voting securities of the Company or any to his subsidiaries; (iii) form, join or in any way participate in a “group” (within the meaning of Section 13 (d)(3) of the Exchange Act) with respect to any voting securities of the Company or any of his subsidiaries.

 

7.3 Non-Competition . During the term of this Agreement and for a period of three (3) years thereafter, Consultant shall not, either directly or indirectly, engage (as principal, partner, employee, consultant, owner, independent contractor, advisor or otherwise, with or without compensation) in any business that directly or indirectly is developing, or plans to develop, radioimmuotherapies for cancer or any other therapy related to bone marrow transplant or other programs that the company is developing (“Competing Business”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, this does not prevent Consultant from being engaged or employed with a business that has a Competing Business as part of its business, so long as you are not engaged or involved in any way in the Competing Business at such business or enterprise.

 

7.4 Notices . All notices and other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and deemed to have been given when hand delivered, sent by facsimile or mailed by registered or certified mail or overnight courier with tracking capabilities, as follows, or as a party may otherwise notify to the other in accordance with this Section 7 (provided that such notice of change of address or recipient shall be deemed given only when received):

 

If to the Company, to:   If to Consultant:
     
ACTINIUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.   Nitya G. Ray, PhD
275 Madison Ave, 7 th Floor,   14 Baybury Court
New York City, New York 10016   East Hanover, NJ 07936
Attention: Principal Financial Officer    

 

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7.5 Company Property; Return . Consultant shall not remove any Company property from the Company’s premises without prior written authorization from the Company. Promptly upon the expiration or termination of this Agreement, and earlier if requested by the Company at any time, Consultant shall deliver to the Company (and shall not keep in Consultant’s possession or deliver to anyone else) all Confidential Information of the Company (including all embodiments thereof) and all software, documentation, devices, records, data, notes, reports, proposals, lists, correspondence, specifications, drawings, blueprints, sketches, materials, equipment, other documents or property, or reproductions of any aforementioned items, or any other work product whatsoever, developed by Consultant as part of or in connection with the Services or otherwise belonging to the Company.

 

7.6 Indemnification . Consultant shall indemnify the Company for all costs, fees (including reasonable attorney’s fees), expenses, losses and other damages arising from (a) any injury to person or damage to property caused by Consultant and (b) any breach of this Agreement by Consultant.

 

Company shall indemnify the Consultant for all costs, fees (including reasonable attorney’s fees), expenses, losses and other damages arising from (a) any injury to person or damage to property caused by Company and (b) any breach of this Agreement by Company.

 

7.7 Assignment; No Third Party Beneficiaries . The Company may assign this Agreement without the prior written consent of Consultant. Consultant hereby acknowledges and agrees that the duties and responsibilities of Consultant hereunder are of a personal nature and shall not be assignable or delegable in whole or in part by Consultant. All of the terms and provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the respective heirs, executors, administrators, legal representatives, successors and permitted assigns of the parties. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer on any person or entity other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assigns, any benefits, rights or remedies.

 

7.8 Governing Law, Jurisdiction and Attorney Fees . This Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with laws of the state of New York without giving effect to any conflict of laws provisions. Each party consents to the jurisdiction and venue of the state and federal courts, as applicable, located in the State of New York, Manhattan County.

 

7.9 Equitable Relief . Consultant agrees that the limitations on its ability to solicit the Company’s employees and customers as set forth in Section 3.5 are reasonably necessary to protect the Company’s legitimate business interests. Consultant acknowledges that such limitations will not constitute or cause it or the Principal any undue hardship. Consultant further agrees that it would be impossible or inadequate to measure and calculate the Company’s damages from any breach of the covenants set forth in Sections 3, 4 and 5 of this Agreement, and that a breach of such covenants could cause serious and irreparable injury to the Company. Accordingly, the Company shall have available, in addition to any other right or remedy available to it, the right to obtain an injunction from a court of competent jurisdiction restraining such a breach (or threatened breach) and to specific performance of any such Section. Consultant further agrees that no bond or other security shall be required in obtaining such equitable relief and Consultant hereby consents to the issuance of such injunction and to the ordering of specific performance.

 

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7.10 Entire Agreement, Amendment and Waiver . This Agreement (including the schedules hereto and any Work Orders) is the sole agreement between Consultant and the Company with respect to the Services and it supersedes all prior agreements and understandings with respect thereto, whether oral or written. No amendment, supplement or other modification to any provision of this Agreement shall be binding unless in writing and signed by both Consultant and the Company. No waiver of any rights under this Agreement shall be effective unless in writing signed by the party to be charged. A waiver of a breach or violation of any provision of this Agreement will not constitute or be construed as a waiver of any subsequent breach or violation of that provision or as a waiver of any breach or violation of any other provision of this Agreement.

 

7.11 Severability . If any provision of this Agreement or application thereof to anyone or under any circumstances is adjudicated to be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision or application of this Agreement which can be given effect without the invalid or unenforceable provision or application and shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision or application in any other jurisdiction.

 

7.12 Headings . The headings in this Agreement are intended solely for convenience or reference and shall be given no effect in the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.

 

7.13 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original as against any party whose signature appears thereon, but all of which together shall constitute but one and the same instrument.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, intending to be legally bound, have duly executed this Agreement as of the Effective Date.

 


ACTINIUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
  Nitya G. Ray, PhD
     
/s/ Sandesh Seth    /s/ Nitya G. Ray
Authorized Signature   Authorized Signature
     
Name: Sandesh Seth    
Title: Chairman and CEO    

   

This Agreement is to be executed in duplicate.

Please return one fully executed copy to the Company at the address above.

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 10.38

 

ACTINIUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

 

Common Stock
(par value $0.001 per share)

 

Amended and Restated At Market Issuance Sales Agreement

 

December 28, 2018

 

B. Riley FBR, Inc.

299 Park Avenue, 7 th Floor

New York, NY 10017

 

JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC

757 Third Avenue, 23 rd Floor

New York, NY 10017

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and B. Riley FBR, Inc., as successor by merger to FBR Capital Markets & Co., (“ B. Riley FBR ”) are parties to that certain At Market Issuance Sales Agreement dated March 16, 2017 (the “ Original Agreement ”). Together with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (“ JonesTrading ”; each of B. Riley FBR and JonesTrading individually an “ Agent ” and collectively, the “ Agents ”), the Company and the Agents desire to amend and restate the Original Sales Agreement with this agreement (the “ Agreement ”), and hereby agree as follows:

 

1. Issuance and Sale of Shares. The Company agrees that, from time to time during the term of this Agreement, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, it may issue and sell through or to the Agents, as agent or principal, shares (the “ Placement Shares ”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “ Common Stock ”), provided however, that in no event shall the Company issue or sell through the Agents such number of Placement Shares that (a) exceeds the number of shares of Common Stock registered on the effective Registration Statement (as defined below) pursuant to which the offering is being made, or (b) exceeds the number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock (the lesser of (a) and (b), the “ Maximum Amount ”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties hereto agree that compliance with the limitations set forth in this Section 1 on the number of Placement Shares issued and sold under this Agreement shall be the sole responsibility of the Company and that the Agents shall have no obligation in connection with such compliance. The issuance and sale of Placement Shares through the Agents will be effected pursuant to the Registration Statement (as defined below), although nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as requiring the Company to use the Registration Statement to issue any Placement Shares.

  

 

 

The Company has filed, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “ Securities Act ”), with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”), a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-216748), including a base prospectus relating to certain securities, including the Placement Shares to be issued from time to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference documents that the Company has filed or will file in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “ Exchange Act ”). The Company has prepared a prospectus supplement to the base prospectus included as part of such registration statement, specifically relating to the Placement Shares (the “ Prospectus Supplement ”). The Company will furnish to the Agents, for use by the Agents, copies of the prospectus included as part of such registration statement, as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, relating to the Placement Shares. Except where the context otherwise requires, such registration statement, and any post-effective amendment thereto, including all documents filed as part thereof or incorporated by reference therein, and including any information contained in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act or deemed to be a part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B of the Securities Act, or any subsequent registration statement on Form S-3 filed pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act by the Company to cover any Placement Shares, is herein called the “ Registration Statement .” The base prospectus, including all documents incorporated or deemed incorporated therein by reference to the extent such information has not been superseded or modified in accordance with Rule 412 under the Securities Act (as qualified by Rule 430B(g) of the Securities Act), included in the Registration Statement, as it may be supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, in the form in which such prospectus and/or Prospectus Supplement have most recently been filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, is herein called the “ Prospectus .” Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference therein, and any reference herein to the terms “amend,” “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing after the execution hereof of any document with the Commission deemed to be incorporated by reference therein (the “ Incorporated Documents ”).

 

For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or to any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include the most recent copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval System, or if applicable, the Interactive Data Electronic Application system when used by the Commission (collectively, “ EDGAR ”).

 

2. Placements. Each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell Placement Shares hereunder (each, a “ Placement ”), it will notify an Agent (the “ Designated Agent ”) by email notice (or other method mutually agreed to in writing by the Parties) of the number of Placement Shares, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number of Placement Shares that may be sold in any one day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made (a “ Placement Notice ”), the form of which is attached hereto as Schedule 1. The Placement Notice shall originate from any of the individuals from the Company set forth on Schedule 3 (with a copy to each of the other individuals from the Company listed on such schedule), and shall be addressed to each of the individuals from the Designated Agent set forth on Schedule 3, as such Schedule 3 may be amended from time to time. Provided that the Company is otherwise in compliance with the terms of this Agreement, the Placement Notice shall be effective immediately upon receipt by the Designated Agent unless and until (i) the Designated Agent declines to accept the terms contained therein for any reason, in its sole discretion, (ii) the entire amount of the Placement Shares thereunder has been sold, (iii) the Company suspends or terminates the Placement Notice or (iv) this Agreement has been terminated under the provisions of Section 13 . The amount of any discount, commission or other compensation to be paid by the Company to the Designated Agent in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares shall be calculated in accordance with the terms set forth in Schedule 2 . It is expressly acknowledged and agreed that neither the Company nor the Designated Agent will have any obligation whatsoever with respect to a Placement or any Placement Shares unless and until the Company delivers a Placement Notice to the Designated Agent and the Designated Agent does not decline such Placement Notice pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then only upon the terms specified therein and herein. In the event of a conflict between the terms of Sections 2 or 3 of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement Notice, the terms of the Placement Notice will control.

  

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3. Sale of Placement Shares by the Agents. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, for the period specified in a Placement Notice, the Designated Agent will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of such national securities exchange that the Company’s Common Stock is listed on (the “ Exchange ”), to sell the Placement Shares up to the amount specified in, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of, such Placement Notice. The Designated Agent will provide written confirmation to the Company no later than the opening of the Trading Day (as defined below) immediately following the Trading Day on which it has made sales of Placement Shares hereunder setting forth the number of Placement Shares sold on such day, the compensation payable by the Company to the Designated Agent pursuant to Section 2 with respect to such sales, and the Net Proceeds (as defined below) payable to the Company, with an itemization of the deductions made by the Designated Agent (as set forth in Section 5(b) ) from the gross proceeds that it receives from such sales. Subject to the terms of a Placement Notice, the Designated Agent may sell Placement Shares by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act. “ Trading Day ” means any day on which Common Stock is purchased and sold on the Exchange.

 

4. Suspension of Sales. The Company or the Designated Agent may, upon notice to the other party in writing (including by email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3 , if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged by any of the individuals to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed immediately by verifiable facsimile transmission or email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3), suspend any sale of Placement Shares; provided, however , that such suspension shall not affect or impair any party’s obligations with respect to any Placement Shares sold hereunder prior to the receipt of such notice. While a suspension is in effect, any obligation under Sections 7(l), 7(m), and 7(n) with respect to the delivery of certificates, opinions, or comfort letters to the Agents, shall be waived; provided, however , that such waiver shall not apply for the Representation Date (as defined below) occurring on the date that the Company files its annual report on Form 10-K. Each of the parties agrees that no such notice under this Section 4 shall be effective against any other party unless it is made to one of the individuals named on Schedule 3 hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time.

  

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5. Sale and Delivery to the Designated Agent; Settlement.

 

a. Sale of Placement Shares. On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, upon the Designated Agent’s acceptance of the terms of a Placement Notice, and unless the sale of the Placement Shares described therein has been declined, suspended, or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the Designated Agent, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell such Placement Shares up to the amount specified in, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of, such Placement Notice. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) there can be no assurance that the Designated Agent will be successful in selling Placement Shares, (ii) the Designated Agent will incur no liability or obligation to the Company or any other person or entity if it does not sell Placement Shares for any reason other than a failure by the Designated Agent to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell such Placement Shares as required under this Agreement and (iii) the Designated Agent shall be under no obligation to purchase Placement Shares on a principal basis pursuant to this Agreement, except as otherwise agreed by the Designated Agent and the Company.

 

b. Settlement of Placement Shares. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement Notice, settlement for sales of Placement Shares will occur on the second (2 nd ) Trading Day (or such earlier day as is industry practice for regular-way trading) following the date on which such sales are made (each, a “ Settlement Date ”). The amount of proceeds to be delivered to the Company on a Settlement Date against receipt of the Placement Shares sold (the “ Net Proceeds ”) will be equal to the aggregate sales price received by the Designated Agent for the Placement Shares, after deduction for (i) the Designated Agent’s commission, discount or other compensation for such sales payable by the Company pursuant to Section 2 hereof, and (ii) any transaction fees imposed by any governmental or self-regulatory organization in respect of such sales.

 

c. Delivery of Placement Shares. On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically transfer the Placement Shares being sold by crediting the Designated Agent’s or its designee’s account (provided the Designated Agent shall have given the Company written notice of such designee at least one Trading Day prior to the Settlement Date) at The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto which in all cases shall be freely tradable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form. On each Settlement Date, the Designated Agent will deliver the related Net Proceeds in same day funds to an account designated by the Company on, or prior to, the Settlement Date. The Company agrees that if the Company, or its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its obligation to deliver Placement Shares on a Settlement Date, through no fault of the Designated Agent, the Company agrees that in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in Section 11(a) hereto, it will (i) hold the Designated Agent harmless against any loss, claim, damage, or reasonable, documented expense (including reasonable and documented legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company or its transfer agent (if applicable) and (ii) pay to the Designated Agent (without duplication) any commission, discount, or other compensation to which it would otherwise have been entitled absent such default.

   

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d. Limitations on Offering Size. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares if, after giving effect to the sale of such Placement Shares, the aggregate number of Placement Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement would exceed the lesser of (A) together with all sales of Placement Shares under this Agreement, the Maximum Amount, (B) the amount available for offer and sale under the currently effective Registration Statement and (C) the amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under this Agreement by the Company’s board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive committee, and notified to the Designated Agent in writing. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement at a price lower than the minimum price authorized from time to time by the Company’s board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive committee, and notified to the Designated Agent in writing. Further, under no circumstances shall the Company cause or permit the aggregate offering amount of Placement Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement to exceed the Maximum Amount.

 

e. Sales Through Agents . The Company agrees that any offer to sell, any solicitation of an offer to buy, or any sales of Common Stock or any other equity security of the Company shall only be effected by or through an Agent, and only a single Agent, on any single given date, and in no event shall the Company request that more than one Agent sell Securities on the same day; provided however that (i) the foregoing limitation shall not apply to (A) exercise of any option, warrant, right or any conversion privilege set forth in the instruction governing such securities, (B) sales solely to employees, directors or security holders of the Company or its subsidiaries, or to a trustee or other person acquiring such securities for the accounts of such person and (ii) such limitation shall not apply (A) on any day during which no sales are made pursuant to this Agreement or (B) during a period in which the Company has notified the Agents that it will not sell Common Stock under this Agreement and (1) no Placement Notice is pending or (2) after a Placement Notice has been withdrawn.

 

6. Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents), the Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with each Agent that as of the date of this Agreement and as of each Applicable Time (as defined below), unless such representation, warranty or agreement specifies a different date or time:

 

a. Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Company and, assuming no act or omission on the part of the Agents that would make such statement untrue, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement meet the requirements for and comply with the conditions for the use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. The Registration Statement has been filed with the Commission and has been declared effective under the Securities Act. The Prospectus will name B. Riley FBR and JonesTrading as the agents in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.” The Company has not received, and has no notice of, any order of the Commission preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement, or threatening or instituting proceedings for that purpose. The Registration Statement and the offer and sale of Placement Shares as contemplated hereby meet the requirements of Rule 415 under the Securities Act and comply in all material respects with said Rule. Any statutes, regulations, contracts or other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement have been so described or filed. Copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and any such amendments or supplements and all documents incorporated by reference therein that were filed with the Commission on or prior to the date of this Agreement have been delivered, or are available through EDGAR, to the Agents and their counsel. The Company has not distributed and, prior to the later to occur of each Settlement Date and completion of the distribution of the Placement Shares, will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering or sale of the Placement Shares other than the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) to which the Agents have consented, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. The Common Stock is currently listed on the Exchange. The Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from the Exchange to the effect that the Company is not in compliance in all material respects with the listing or maintenance requirements of the Exchange. The Company has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements.

  

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b. No Misstatement or Omission. The Registration Statement, when it became effective, and the Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto, on the date of such Prospectus or amendment or supplement, conformed and will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. At each Settlement Date, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as of such date, will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. The Registration Statement, when it became or becomes effective, did not, and will not, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus and any amendment and supplement thereto, on the date thereof and at each Applicable Time (defined below), did not or will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The documents incorporated by reference in the Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement did not, and any further documents filed and incorporated by reference therein will not, when filed with the Commission, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated in such document or necessary to make the statements in such document, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The foregoing shall not apply to statements in, or omissions from, any such document made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Company by an Agent specifically for use in the preparation thereof.

 

c. Conformity with Securities Act and Exchange Act. The Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, and the Incorporated Documents, when such documents were or are filed with the Commission under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or became or become effective under the Securities Act, as the case may be, conformed or will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable.

  

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d. Financial Information. The consolidated financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, together with the related notes and schedules, present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) as of the dates indicated and the consolidated statement of operations, consolidated statement of cash flows and consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity (deficit) of the Company for the periods specified and have been prepared in compliance in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and Exchange Act, as applicable, and in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“ GAAP ”) in the United States as in effect as of the time of filing applied on a consistent basis (except for such adjustments to accounting standards and practices as are noted therein) during the periods involved (subject, in the case of unaudited financial statements, to normal recurring adjustments and to the extent they may exclude footnotes or may be condensed or summarized statements); the other financial and statistical data with respect to the Company and the Subsidiaries contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, are accurately and fairly presented and prepared on a basis consistent with the financial statements and books and records of the Company; there are no financial statements (historical or pro forma) that are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, or the Prospectus that are not included or incorporated by reference as required; the Company and the Subsidiaries do not have any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent (including any off balance sheet obligations), not described in the Registration Statement, and the Prospectus which are required to be described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus; and all disclosures contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, if any, regarding “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission) comply in all material respects with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, to the extent applicable.

 

e. Conformity with EDGAR Filing. The Prospectus delivered to the Agents for use in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement will be identical to the versions of the Prospectus created to be transmitted to the Commission for filing via EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.

 

f. Organization. The Company and any subsidiary that is a significant subsidiary (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Commission) (each, a “ Subsidiary ”, collectively, the “ Subsidiaries ”), are, and will be, duly organized, validly existing as a corporation and in good standing under the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization. The Company and the Subsidiaries are, and will be, duly licensed or qualified as a foreign corporation for transaction of business and in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which their respective ownership or lease of property or the conduct of their respective businesses requires such license or qualification, and have all corporate power and authority necessary to own or hold their respective properties and to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect or would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the assets, business, operations, earnings, properties, condition (financial or otherwise), prospects, stockholders’ equity or results of operations of the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, or prevent the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby (a “ Material Adverse Effect ”).

  

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g. Subsidiaries. As of the date hereof, the Company’s only Subsidiaries are set forth on Schedule 6(g) . The Company owns directly or indirectly, all of the equity interests of the Subsidiaries free and clear of any lien, charge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal or other restriction, and all the equity interests of the Subsidiaries are validly issued and are fully paid, nonassessable and free of preemptive and similar rights.

 

h. No Violation or Default. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is (i) in violation of its charter or by-laws or similar organizational documents; (ii) in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary is subject; or (iii) in violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Company, except, in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for any such violation or default that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. To the Company’s knowledge, no other party under any material contract or other agreement to which it or any Subsidiary is a party is in default in any respect thereunder where such default would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

i. No Material Adverse Effect. Since the date of the most recent financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, there has not been (other than those noted below in this paragraph) (i) any Material Adverse Effect, or any development involving a prospective Material Adverse Effect, in or affecting the business, properties, management, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, or prospects of the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (ii) any transaction which is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iii) any obligation or liability, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), incurred by the Company or the Subsidiaries, which is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iv) any material change in the capital stock (other than (A) the grant of additional options or other awards under or outside the Company’s existing stock incentive plans, (B) changes in the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise or conversion of securities exercisable for, or convertible into, Common Stock outstanding on the date hereof, (C) as a result of the issuance of Placement Shares, (D) any repurchases of capital stock of the Company, (E) as described in a proxy statement filed on Schedule 14A or a Registration Statement on Form S-4, or (F) otherwise publicly announced) or outstanding long-term indebtedness of the Company or the Subsidiaries or (v) any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made on the capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary, other than in each case above (1) in the ordinary course of business. (2) as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or (3) where such matter, item, change, or development, individually or in the aggregate, would not make the statements in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.

  

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j. Capitalization. The issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been validly issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and, other than as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, are not subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or similar rights. The Company has an authorized, issued and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as of the dates referred to therein (other than (i) the grant of additional options or other awards under the Company’s existing stock incentive plans, (ii) changes in the number of outstanding Common Stock of the Company due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise or conversion of securities exercisable for, or convertible into, Common Stock outstanding on the date hereof, (iii) as a result of the issuance of Placement Shares, or (iv) any repurchases of capital stock of the Company) and such authorized capital stock conforms to the description thereof set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. The description of the Common Stock in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus is complete and accurate in all material respects. As of the date referred to therein, the Company did not have material outstanding any options to purchase, or any rights or warrants to subscribe for, or any securities or obligations convertible into, or exchangeable for, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell, any shares of capital stock or other securities.

 

k. S-3 Eligibility . (i) At the time of filing the Registration Statement and (ii) at the time of the most recent amendment thereto for the purposes of complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act (whether such amendment was by post-effective amendment, incorporated report filed pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or form of prospectus), the Company met the then applicable requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act, including compliance with General Instruction I.B.1 of Form S-3.

 

l. Authorization; Enforceability. The Company has full legal right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement and perform the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and is a legal, valid and binding agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that (i) enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles and (ii) the indemnification and contribution provisions of Section 11 hereof may be limited by federal or state securities laws and public policy considerations in respect thereof.

 

m. Authorization of Placement Shares. The Placement Shares, when issued and delivered pursuant to the terms approved by the board of directors of the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof, or a duly authorized executive officer, against payment therefor as provided herein, will be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim (other than any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim arising from an act or omission of an Agent or a purchaser), including any statutory or contractual preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights, and will be registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act. The Placement Shares, when issued, will conform in all material respects to the description thereof set forth in or incorporated into the Prospectus.

   

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n. No Consents Required. No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any court or arbitrator or any governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Company is required for the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, and the issuance and sale by the Company of the Placement Shares as contemplated hereby, except for the registration of the Placement Shares under the Securities Act and such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders and registrations or qualifications as may be required under applicable state securities laws or by the by-laws and rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“ FINRA ”) or the Exchange, including any notices that may be required by Exchange, in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares by the Agents.

 

o. No Preferential Rights. (i) No person, as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Act (each, a “ Person ”), has the right, contractual or otherwise, to cause the Company to issue or sell to such Person any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company (other than upon the exercise of options or warrants to purchase Common Stock or upon the exercise of options that may be granted, or issuances of Common Stock or other equity awards, from time to time under or outside of the Company’s stock incentive plans), (ii) no Person has any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal, or any other rights (whether pursuant to a “poison pill” provision or otherwise) to purchase any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company from the Company which have not been duly waived with respect to the offering contemplated hereby, (iii) no Person has the right to act as an underwriter or as a financial advisor to the Company in connection with the offer and sale of the Common Stock as contemplated by this Agreement, and (iv) no Person has the right, contractual or otherwise, to require the Company to register under the Securities Act any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company, or to include any such shares or other securities in the Registration Statement or the offering contemplated thereby, whether as a result of the filing or effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the sale of the Placement Shares as contemplated thereby or otherwise, except for those shares and securities currently subject to registration statements on file with the Commission.

 

p. Independent Public Accountant. GBH CPAs, PC (the “ Accountant ”), whose report on the consolidated financial statements of the Company is filed with the Commission as part of the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission and incorporated into the Registration Statement, are and, during the periods covered by their report, were independent public accountants within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). To the Company’s knowledge the Accountant is not in violation of the auditor independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “ Sarbanes-Oxley Act ”) with respect to the Company.

 

q. Enforceability of Agreements. All agreements between the Company and third parties expressly referenced in the Prospectus, other than such agreements that have expired by their terms or whose termination is disclosed in documents filed by the Company on EDGAR, are legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their respective terms, except to the extent that (i) enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles and (ii) the indemnification provisions of certain agreements may be limited by federal or state securities laws or public policy considerations in respect thereof, and except for any unenforceability that, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

  

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r. No Litigation. There are no legal, governmental or regulatory actions, suits or proceedings pending, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any legal, governmental or regulatory investigations, to which the Company or a Subsidiary is a party or to which any property of the Company or any Subsidiary is the subject that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any Subsidiary, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or materially and adversely affect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement; to the Company’s knowledge, no such actions, suits or proceedings are threatened by any governmental or regulatory authority or threatened by others that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any Subsidiary, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and there are no current or pending legal, governmental or regulatory actions, suits or proceedings or, to the knowledge of the Company, investigations that are required under the Securities Act to be described in the Prospectus that are not described in the Prospectus including any Incorporated Document.

 

s. Licenses and Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess or have obtained, all licenses, certificates, consents, orders, approvals, permits and other authorizations issued by, and have made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities that are necessary for the ownership or lease of their respective properties or the conduct of their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (the “ Permits ”), except where the failure to possess, obtain or make the same would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received written notice of any proceeding relating to revocation or modification of any such Permit or has any reason to believe that such Permit will not be renewed in the ordinary course, except where the revocation, modification or failure to obtain the renewal of any such Permit would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

t. No Material Defaults. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not filed a report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act since the filing of its last Annual Report on Form 10-K, indicating that it (i) has failed to pay any dividend or sinking fund installment on preferred stock or (ii) has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

u. Certain Market Activities. Neither the Company, nor any Subsidiary, nor to the Company’s knowledge any of their respective directors, officers or controlling persons has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed, or that has constituted or would reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Placement Shares.

  

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v. Broker/Dealer Relationships. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary or any related entities (i) is required to register as a “broker” or “dealer” in accordance with the provisions of the Exchange Act or (ii) directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is a “person associated with a member” or “associated person of a member” (within the meaning set forth in the FINRA Manual).

 

w. No Reliance. The Company has not relied upon the Agents or legal counsel for the Agents for any legal, tax or accounting advice in connection with the offering and sale of the Placement Shares.

 

x. Taxes. The Company and the Subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns which have been required to be filed and paid all taxes shown thereon through the date hereof, to the extent that such taxes have become due and are not being contested in good faith, except where the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as otherwise disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, no tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any Subsidiary which has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has no knowledge of any federal, state or other governmental tax deficiency, penalty or assessment which has been asserted or threatened against it which could have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

y. Title to Real and Personal Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and valid title in fee simple to all items of real property and good and valid title to all personal property (excluding Intellectual Property which is addressed below) described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus as being owned by them that are material to the businesses of the Company or such Subsidiary, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and claims, except those that (i) do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries or (ii) would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. Any real property described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus as being leased by the Company and the Subsidiaries is held by them under valid, existing and enforceable leases, except those that (A) do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property by the Company or the Subsidiaries or (B) would not be reasonably expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

z. Intellectual Property. To the Company’s knowledge, the Company and the Subsidiaries own or possess adequate enforceable rights to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks (both registered and unregistered), service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses and know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures) (collectively, the “ Intellectual Property ”) , necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses as conducted as of the date hereof, except to the extent that the failure to own or possess adequate rights to use such Intellectual Property would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; the Company and the Subsidiaries have not received any written notice of any claim of infringement or conflict which asserted Intellectual Property rights of others, which infringement or conflict, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; there are no pending, or to the Company’s knowledge, threatened judicial proceedings or interference proceedings against the Company or its Subsidiaries challenging the Company’s or any of its Subsidiary’s rights in or to or the validity of the scope of any of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s patents, patent applications or proprietary information, except for such right or claim that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; to the Company’s knowledge no other entity or individual has any right or claim in any of the Company’s or any of its Subsidiary’s patents, patent applications or any patent to be issued therefrom by virtue of any contract, license or other agreement entered into between such entity or individual and the Company or any Subsidiary or by any non-contractual obligation, other than by written licenses granted by the Company or any Subsidiary, except for such right or claim that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; the Company and the Subsidiaries have not received any written notice of any claim challenging the rights of the Company or its Subsidiaries in or to any Intellectual Property owned, licensed or optioned by the Company or any Subsidiary which claim, if the subject of an unfavorable decision would result in a Material Adverse Effect.

  

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aa. Environmental Laws. The Company and the Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance in all material respects with any and all applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules, regulations, decisions and orders relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (collectively, “ Environmental Laws ”); (ii) have received and are in compliance in all material respects with all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; and (iii) have not received notice of any actual or potential liability for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, except, in the case of any of clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) above, for any such failure to comply or failure to receive required permits, licenses, other approvals or liability as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

bb. Disclosure Controls. The Company maintains systems of internal accounting controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting (other than as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus). Since the date of the latest audited financial statements of the Company included in the Prospectus, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (other than as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus). The Company has established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15) for the Company and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the Company and the Subsidiaries is made known to the certifying officers by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as the case may be, is being prepared. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of the Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended (such date, the “ Evaluation Date ”). The Company presented in its Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the most recent Evaluation Date. Since the most recent Evaluation Date, there have been no significant changes in the Company’s internal controls (as such term is defined in Item 307(b) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act) or, to the Company’s knowledge, in other factors that could significantly adversely affect the Company’s internal controls.

  

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cc. Sarbanes-Oxley Act. There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of the Company’s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply with any applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Each of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer of the Company (or each former principal executive officer of the Company and each former principal financial officer of the Company as applicable) has made all certifications required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act with respect to all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by it or furnished by it to the Commission during the past 12 months. For purposes of the preceding sentence, “principal executive officer” and “principal financial officer” shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15.

   

dd. Finder’s Fees. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has incurred any liability for any finder’s fees, brokerage commissions or similar payments in connection with the transactions herein contemplated, except as may otherwise exist with respect to the Agents pursuant to this Agreement.

 

ee. Labor Disputes. No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any Subsidiary exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is threatened which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

ff. Investment Company Act. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is or, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Placement Shares, will be an “investment company” or an entity “controlled” by an “investment company,” as such terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “ Investment Company Act ”).

 

gg. Operations. The operations of the Company and the Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance in all material respects with applicable financial record keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions to which the Company or the Subsidiaries are subject, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “ Money Laundering Laws ”), except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency having jurisdiction over the Company, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

  

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hh. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. There are no transactions, arrangements and other relationships between and/or among the Company, and/or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of its affiliates and any unconsolidated entity, including, but not limited to, any structured finance, special purpose or limited purpose entity (each, an “ Off Balance Sheet Transaction ”) that could reasonably be expected to affect materially the Company’s liquidity or the availability of or requirements for its capital resources, including those Off Balance Sheet Transactions described in the Commission’s Statement about Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations (Release Nos. 33-8056; 34-45321; FR-61), required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which have not been described as required.

 

ii. Underwriter Agreements. The Company is not a party to any agreement with an agent or underwriter for any other “at the market” or continuous equity transaction.

 

jj. ERISA. To the knowledge of the Company, (i) each material employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ ERISA ”), that is maintained, administered or contributed to by the Company or any of its affiliates for employees or former employees of the Company and the Subsidiaries has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”); (ii) no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred which would result in a material liability to the Company with respect to any such plan excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption; (iii) and for each such plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, no “accumulated funding deficiency” as defined in Section 412 of the Code has been incurred, whether or not waived, and the fair market value of the assets of each such plan (excluding for these purposes accrued but unpaid contributions) equals or exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such plan determined using reasonable actuarial assumptions other than, in the case of (i), (ii) and (iii) above, as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

kk. Forward-Looking Statements. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) (a “ Forward-Looking Statement ”) contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith. The Forward-Looking Statements incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended (i) except for any Forward-Looking Statement included in any financial statements and notes thereto, are within the coverage of the safe harbor for forward looking statements set forth in Section 27A of the Securities Act, Rule 175(b) under the Securities Act or Rule 3b-6 under the Exchange Act, as applicable, (ii) were made by the Company with a reasonable basis and in good faith and reflect the Company’s good faith commercially reasonable best estimate of the matters described therein as of the respective dates on which such statements were made, and (iii) have been prepared in accordance with Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act.

  

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ll. Margin Rules . Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the Placement Shares nor the application of the proceeds thereof by the Company as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

 

mm. Insurance. The Company and the Subsidiaries carry, or are covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as the Company and the Subsidiaries reasonably believe are adequate for the conduct of their business and as is customary for companies of similar size engaged in similar businesses in similar industries.

 

nn. No Improper Practices. (i) Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, the Subsidiaries, nor to the Company’s knowledge, any of their respective executive officers has, in the past five years, made any unlawful contributions to any candidate for any political office (or failed fully to disclose any contribution in violation of law) or made any contribution or other payment to any official of, or candidate for, any federal, state, municipal, or foreign office or other person charged with similar public or quasi-public duty in violation of any law or of the character required to be disclosed in the Prospectus; (ii) to the Company’s knowledge no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, the Subsidiaries or any affiliate of any of them, on the one hand, and the directors, officers and stockholders of the Company or, the Subsidiaries, on the other hand, that is required by the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described; (iii) to the Company’s knowledge no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or the Subsidiaries or any affiliate of them, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders or directors of the Company or, the Subsidiaries, on the other hand, that is required by the rules of FINRA to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described; (iv) there are no material outstanding loans or advances or material guarantees of indebtedness by the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, the Subsidiaries to or for the benefit of any of their respective officers or directors or any of the members of the families of any of them; and (v) to the Company’s knowledge the Company has not offered, or caused any placement agent to offer, Common Stock to any person with the intent to influence unlawfully (A) a customer or supplier of the Company or the Subsidiaries to alter the customer’s or supplier’s level or type of business with the Company or the Subsidiaries or (B) a trade journalist or publication to write or publish favorable information about the Company or the Subsidiaries or any of their respective products or services, and, (vi) neither the Company nor the Subsidiaries nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any employee or agent of the Company or the Subsidiaries has made any payment of funds of the Company or the Subsidiaries or received or retained any funds in violation of any law, rule or regulation (including, without limitation, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977), which payment, receipt or retention of funds is of a character required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.

  

oo. [Reserved]

  

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pp. No Misstatement or Omission in an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and as of each Applicable Time (as defined in Section 25 below), did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any incorporated document deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified. The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by an Agent specifically for use therein.

 

qq. No Conflicts. Neither the execution of this Agreement, nor the issuance, offering or sale of the Placement Shares, nor the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated herein and therein, nor the compliance by the Company with the terms and provisions hereof and thereof will conflict with, or will result in a breach of, any of the terms and provisions of, or has constituted or will constitute a default under, or has resulted in or will result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company pursuant to the terms of any contract or other agreement to which the Company is a party or to which any of the property or assets of the Company is subject, except (i) such conflicts, breaches or defaults as may have been waived and (ii) such conflicts, breaches and defaults that would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; nor will such action result (x) in any violation of the provisions of the organizational or governing documents of the Company, or (y) in any material violation of the provisions of any statute or any order, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or of any court or of any federal, state or other regulatory authority or other government body having jurisdiction over the Company, except where such violation would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

rr. Compliance with Applicable Laws . The Company and the Subsidiaries: (A) are and at all times have been in compliance with all statutes, rules and regulations applicable to the ownership, testing, development, manufacture, packaging, processing, use, distribution, marketing, labeling, promotion, sale, offer for sale, storage, import, export or disposal of any product under development, manufactured or distributed by the Company or the Subsidiaries (“ Applicable Laws ”) except where the failure to be so in compliance would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (b) have not received any Form 483 from the FDA, notice of adverse finding, warning letter, or other written correspondence or notice from the FDA, the European Medicines Agency (the “ EMA ”), or any other federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authority alleging or asserting material noncompliance with any Applicable Laws or any licenses, certificates, approvals, clearances, authorizations, permits and supplements or amendments thereto required by any such Applicable Laws (“ Authorizations ”), which would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; (C) possess all material Authorizations for the Company’s current state of product development as disclosed in the Registration Statement, and such Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect and neither the Company nor the Subsidiaries is in material violation of any term of any such Authorizations; (D) have not received written notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from the FDA, the EMA, or any other federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authority or third party alleging that any Company product, operation or activity is in material violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and has no knowledge that the FDA, the EMA, or any other federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authority or third party is considering any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action, suit, investigation or proceeding against the Company; (E) have not received notice that the FDA, EMA, or any other federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authority has taken, is taking or intends to take action to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any material Authorizations and has no knowledge that the FDA, EMA, or any other federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authority is considering such action; and (F) have filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Applicable Laws or Authorizations for the Company’s current state of product development as disclosed in the registration Statement, except where the failure to file such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments would not result in a Material Adverse Effect, and that all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were materially complete and correct on the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission).

  

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ss. Clinical Studies . All animal and other preclinical studies and clinical trials conducted by the Company or to the Company’s knowledge on behalf of the Company were, and, if still pending are, to the Company’s knowledge, being conducted in all material respects in compliance with all Applicable Laws and in accordance with experimental protocols, procedures and controls generally used by qualified experts in the preclinical study and clinical trials of new drugs and biologics as applied to comparable products to those being developed by the Company; the descriptions of the results of such preclinical studies and clinical trials contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus are accurate in all material respects, and, except as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company has no knowledge of any other clinical trials or preclinical studies, the results of which reasonably call into question the clinical trial or preclinical study results described or referred to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus when viewed in the context in which such results are described; and the Company has not received any written notices or correspondence from the FDA, the EMA, or any other domestic or foreign governmental agency requiring the termination or suspension of any preclinical studies or clinical trials conducted by or on behalf of the Company that are described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or the results of which are referred to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

 

tt. Compliance Program. The Company has taken such steps as the Company, believes are reasonable and appropriate to comply in all material respects with applicable regulatory guidelines (including, without limitation, those administered by the FDA, the EMA, and any other foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA or EMA); except where such noncompliance would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

   

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uu. OFAC.

 

(i) The Company represents that, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary (collectively, the “ Entity ”) or to the Company’s knowledge any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate or representative of the Entity, is a government, individual, or entity (in this paragraph (ss), “ Person ”) that is, or is owned or controlled by a Person that is:

 

(a) the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“ OFAC ”), the United Nations Security Council (“ UNSC ”), the European Union (“ EU ”), Her Majesty’s Treasury (“ HMT ”), or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “ Sanctions ”), nor

 

(b) located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions.

 

(ii) The Company represents and covenants that it will not, directly or indirectly, knowingly use the proceeds of the offering, or knowingly lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person:

 

(a) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions; or

 

(b) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise).

 

(iii) The Company represents and covenants that, except as detailed in the Prospectus, for the past 5 years, it has not knowingly engaged in, is not now knowingly engaged in, and will not knowingly engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions.

 

vv. Stock Transfer Taxes. On each Settlement Date, all stock transfer or other taxes (other than income taxes) which are required to be paid in connection with the sale and transfer of the Placement Shares to be sold hereunder will be, or will have been, fully paid or provided for by the Company and all laws imposing such taxes will be or will have been fully complied with by the Company.

 

Any certificate in the form of Exhibit 7(l) signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to the Agents or to counsel for the Agents pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company, as applicable, to the Agents as to the matters set forth therein.

  

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7. Covenants of the Company . The Company covenants and agrees with the Agents that:

 

a. Registration Statement Amendments. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which a prospectus relating to any Placement Shares is required to be delivered by the Agents under the Securities Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act) (the “Prospectus Delivery Period ”) (i) the Company will notify the Agents promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment to the Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference or amendments not related to any Placement, has been filed with the Commission and/or has become effective or any subsequent supplement to the Prospectus, other than documents incorporated by reference, has been filed and of any request by the Commission for any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus related to the Placement or for additional information related to the Placement, (ii) the Company will prepare and file with the Commission, promptly upon any Agent’s request, any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that, in such Agent’s reasonable opinion, may be necessary or advisable in connection with the distribution of the Placement Shares by the Agents ( provided, however , that the failure of the Agents to make such request shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agents’ right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and provided, further, that the only remedy the Agents shall have with respect to the failure to make such filing shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement until such amendment or supplement is filed); and (iii) the Company will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act or, in the case of any document to be incorporated therein by reference, to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the Exchange Act, within the time period prescribed (the determination to file or not file any amendment or supplement with the Commission under this Section 7(a) , based on the Company’s reasonable opinion or reasonable objections, shall be made exclusively by the Company). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus, other than documents incorporated by reference, relating to the Placement Shares or a security convertible into the Placement Shares unless a copy thereof has been submitted to the Agents within a reasonable period of time before the filing and the Agents have not reasonably and in good faith objected thereto ( provided, however , that (A) the failure of the Agents to make such objection shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agents’ right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and (B) the Company has no obligation to provide the Agents any advance copy of such filing or to provide the Agents an opportunity to object to such filing if the filing does not name the Agents or does not relate to the transaction herein provided; and provided, further, that the only remedy the Agents shall have with respect to the failure by the Company to obtain such consent shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement) and the Company will furnish to the Agents at the time of filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, except for those documents available via EDGAR.

 

b. Notice of Commission Stop Orders. The Company will advise the Agents, promptly after it receives notice or obtains knowledge thereof, of the issuance or threatened issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, of the suspension of the qualification of the Placement Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose; and it will promptly use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order should be issued. The Company will advise the Agents promptly after it receives any request by the Commission for any amendments to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplements to the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or for additional information related to the offering of the Placement Shares or for additional information related to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.

  

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c. Delivery of Prospectus; Subsequent Changes. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will use its commercially reasonably efforts to comply in all material respects with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as from time to time in force, and to file on or before their respective due dates all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d) or any other provision of or under the Exchange Act. If the Company has omitted any information from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430A under the Securities Act, it will use its commercially reasonable efforts to comply with the provisions of and make all requisite filings with the Commission pursuant to said Rule 430A and to notify the Agents promptly of all such filings. If during the Prospectus Delivery Period any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, or if during such Prospectus Delivery Period it is necessary to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify the Designated Agent to suspend the offering of Placement Shares during such period and the Company will promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus (at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance; provided, however , that the Company may delay the filing of any amendment or supplement, if in the judgment of the Company, it is in the best interest of the Company.

 

d. Listing of Placement Shares. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Placement Shares to be listed on the Exchange and to qualify the Placement Shares for sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions in the United States as the Agents reasonably designates and to continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Placement Shares; provided, however , that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith to qualify as a foreign corporation or dealer in securities or file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction.

 

e. Delivery of Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Company will furnish to the Agents and their counsel (at the reasonable expense of the Company) copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference therein) and all amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that are filed with the Commission during the Prospectus Delivery Period (including all documents filed with the Commission during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case as soon as reasonably practicable and in such quantities as the Agents may from time to time reasonably request and, at the Agents’ request, will also furnish copies of the Prospectus to each exchange or market on which sales of the Placement Shares may be made; provided, however , that the Company shall not be required to furnish any document (other than the Prospectus) to the Agents to the extent such document is available on EDGAR.

 

f. Earnings Statement. The Company will make generally available to its shareholders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than 15 months after the end of the Company’s current fiscal year-end, an earnings statement covering a 12-month period that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) and Rule 158 of the Securities Act.

  

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g. Use of Proceeds. The Company will use the Net Proceeds as described in the Prospectus in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds.”

 

h. Notice of Other Sales. Without the prior written consent of the Agents, the Company will not, directly or indirectly, offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common Stock during the period beginning on the date on which any Placement Notice is delivered to the Agents hereunder and ending on the third (3rd) Trading Day immediately following the final Settlement Date with respect to Placement Shares sold pursuant to such Placement Notice (or, if the Placement Notice has been terminated or suspended prior to the sale of all Placement Shares covered by a Placement Notice, the date of such suspension or termination); and will not directly or indirectly in any other “at the market” or continuous equity transaction offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common Stock prior to the termination of this Agreement; provided, however , that such restrictions will not be required in connection with the Company’s issuance or sale of (i) Common Stock, options to purchase Common Stock or Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of options or other equity awards, pursuant to any employee or director stock incentive or benefits plan or agreement, stock ownership plan or dividend reinvestment plan (but not Common Stock subject to a waiver to exceed plan limits in its dividend reinvestment plan) of the Company whether now in effect or hereafter implemented; (ii) Common Stock issuable upon conversion of securities or the exercise of warrants, options or other rights in effect or outstanding, and disclosed in filings by the Company available on EDGAR or otherwise in writing to the Agents, and (iii) Common Stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock, offered and sold in a privately negotiated transaction to vendors, customers, strategic partners or potential strategic partners or other investors conducted in a manner so as not to be integrated with the offering of Common Stock hereby.

 

i. Change of Circumstances. The Company will, at any time during the pendency of a Placement Notice advise the Agents promptly after it shall have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect in any material respect any opinion, certificate, letter or other document required to be provided to the Agents pursuant to this Agreement.

 

j. Due Diligence Cooperation. During the term of this Agreement, the Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by the Agents or their representatives in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, providing information and making available documents and senior corporate officers, during regular business hours and at the Company’s principal offices, as the Agents may reasonably request.

  

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k. Required Filings Relating to Placement of Placement Shares. The Company agrees that on such dates as the Securities Act shall require, the Company will (i) file a prospectus supplement with the Commission under the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (each and every filing under Rule 424(b), a “ Filing Date ”), which prospectus supplement will set forth, within the relevant period, the amount of Placement Shares sold through the Agents, the Net Proceeds to the Company and the compensation payable by the Company to the Agents with respect to such Placement Shares or, if any such prospectus supplement is not filed pursuant to Rule 424(b), otherwise include such information in the Company’s Exchange Act filings on such date as shall be required, and (ii) deliver such number of copies of each such prospectus supplement to each exchange or market on which such sales were effected as may be required by the rules or regulations of such exchange or market.

 

l. Representation Dates; Certificate. Each time during the term of this Agreement that the Company:

 

(i) amends or supplements (other than a prospectus supplement relating solely to an offering of securities other than the Placement Shares) the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares by means of a post-effective amendment, sticker, or supplement but not by means of incorporation of documents by reference into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares;

 

(ii) files an annual report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act (including any Form 10-K/A containing amended financial information or a material amendment to the previously filed Form 10-K);

 

(iii) files its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act; or

 

(iv) files a current report on Form 8-K containing amended financial information (other than information “furnished” pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or to provide disclosure pursuant to Item 8.01 of Form 8-K relating to the reclassification of certain properties as discontinued operations in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144) under the Exchange Act;

 

(Each date of filing of one or more of the documents referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) shall be a “ Representation Date. ”)

 

the Company shall furnish the Agents (but in the case of clause (iv) above only if any Agent reasonably determines that the information contained in such Form 8-K is material) with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(1) . The requirement to provide a certificate under this Section 7(1) shall be waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time at which no Placement Notice is pending, which waiver shall continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers a Placement Notice hereunder (which for such calendar quarter shall be considered a Representation Date) and the next occurring Representation Date on which the Company files its annual report on Form 10-K. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) upon the delivery of the first Placement Notice hereunder and (ii) if the Company subsequently decides to sell Placement Shares following a Representation Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not provide the Agents with a certificate under this Section 7(1) , then before the Agents sell any Placement Shares, the Company shall provide the Agents with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(1) , dated the date of the Placement Notice.

  

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m. Legal Opinion. On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice given hereunder the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agents written opinions and a negative assurance letter of The Matt Law Firm, PLLC (“ Company Counsel ”), or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Agents, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(m)(1) and 7(m)(2), respectively. Thereafter, within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l) for which no waiver is applicable, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agents a written letter of Company Counsel in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(m)(2), modified, as necessary, to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented; provided that, in lieu of such negative assurance for subsequent periodic filings under the Exchange Act, counsel may furnish the Agents with a letter (a “ Reliance Letter ”) to the effect that the Agents may rely on the negative assurance letter previously delivered under this Section 7(m) to the same extent as if it were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior letter shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as of the date of the Reliance Letter).

 

n. Comfort Letter. On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice given hereunder and within five (5) Trading Days after each subsequent Representation Date, other than pursuant to Section 7(l)(iii) , the Company shall cause its independent accountants to furnish the Agents letters (the “ Comfort Letters ”), dated the date the Comfort Letter is delivered, which shall meet the requirements set forth in this Section 7(n) ; provided, that if requested by an Agent, the Company shall cause a Comfort Letter to be furnished to the Agents within ten (10) Trading Days of such request following the date of occurrence of any restatement of the Company’s financial statements. The Comfort Letter from the Company’s independent accountants shall be in a form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents, (i) confirming that they are an independent public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the PCAOB, (ii) stating, as of such date, the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters in connection with registered public offerings (the first such letter, the “ Initial Comfort Letter ”) and (iii) updating the Initial Comfort Letter with any information that would have been included in the Initial Comfort Letter had it been given on such date and modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such letter.

 

o. Market Activities. The Company will not, directly or indirectly, (i) take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes or would reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of Placement Shares or (ii) sell, bid for, or purchase Common Stock in violation of Regulation M, or pay anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Placement Shares other than the Agents.

 

p. Investment Company Act. The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that neither it nor the Subsidiaries will be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, an “investment company,” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act.

  

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q. No Offer to Sell. Other than an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus approved in advance by the Company and the Agents in their capacity as agents hereunder pursuant to Section 23 , neither the Agents nor the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Agents in their capacity as such) will make, use, prepare, authorize, approve or refer to any written communication (as defined in Rule 405), required to be filed with the Commission, that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy Placement Shares hereunder.

 

r. Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company will maintain and keep accurate books and records reflecting its assets and maintain internal accounting controls in a manner designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and including those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company, (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, (iii) that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with management’s and the Company’s directors’ authorization, and (iv) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on its financial statements. The Company will maintain such controls and other procedures, including, without limitation, those required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the applicable regulations thereunder that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, including, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and to ensure that material information relating to the Company or the Subsidiaries is made known to them by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which such periodic reports are being prepared.

 

8. Representations and Covenants of the Agents. Each of the Agents represents and warrants that it is duly registered as a broker-dealer under FINRA, the Exchange Act and the applicable statutes and regulations of each state in which the Placement Shares will be offered and sold, except such states in which such Agent is exempt from registration or such registration is not otherwise required. Each of the Agents shall continue, for the term of this Agreement, to be duly registered as a broker-dealer under FINRA, the Exchange Act and the applicable statutes and regulations of each state in which the Placement Shares will be offered and sold, except such states in which such Agent is exempt from registration or such registration is not otherwise required, during the term of this Agreement. Each of the Agents shall comply with all applicable law and regulations in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the issuance and sale through the Agents of the Placement Shares.

   

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9. Payment of Expenses. The Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including (i) the preparation, filing, including any fees required by the Commission, and printing of the Registration Statement (including financial statements and exhibits) as originally filed and of each amendment and supplement thereto and each Free Writing Prospectus, in such number as the Agents shall deem reasonably necessary, (ii) the printing and delivery to the Agents of this Agreement and such other documents as may be reasonably required in connection with the offering, purchase, sale, issuance or delivery of the Placement Shares, (iii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of the certificates, if any, for the Placement Shares to the Agents, including any stock or other transfer taxes and any capital duties, stamp duties or other duties or taxes payable upon the sale, issuance or delivery of the Placement Shares to the Agents, (iv) the fees and disbursements of the counsel, accountants and other advisors to the Company, (v) the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Agents up to a maximum of $25,000; (vi) the fees and expenses of the transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock, (vii) the filing fees incident to any review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Placement Shares, and (viii) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange.

 

10. Conditions to the Agents’ Obligations. The obligations of the Agents hereunder with respect to a Placement will be subject to the continuing accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein, to the due performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder, to the completion by the Agents of a due diligence review satisfactory to it in its reasonable judgment, and to the continuing satisfaction (or waiver by the Agents in their sole discretion) of the following additional conditions:

 

a. Registration Statement Effective. The Registration Statement shall have become effective and shall be available for the sale of all Placement Shares contemplated to be issued by any Placement Notice.

 

b. No Material Notices. None of the following events shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) receipt by the Company of any request for additional information from the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority during the period of effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the response to which would require any post-effective amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which have not, as of the time of such Placement, been so made; (ii) the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii) receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Placement Shares for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv) the occurrence of any event that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and, that in the case of the Prospectus, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, which changes shall not, as of the time of such Placement, have so been made.

  

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c. No Misstatement or Material Omission. The Agents shall not have advised the Company that the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in the Agents’ reasonable opinion is material, or omits to state a fact that in the Agents’ reasonable opinion is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.

 

d. Material Changes. Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company’s reports filed with the Commission, there shall not have been any Material Adverse Effect, or any development that could reasonably be expected to cause a Material Adverse Effect in each case is so material as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering of the Placement Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.

 

e. Legal Opinion. The Agents shall have received the opinions and negative assurances of Company Counsel required to be delivered pursuant Section 7(m) on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinions are required pursuant to Section 7(m) .

 

f. Comfort Letter. The Agents shall have received the Comfort Letter required to be delivered pursuant Section 7(n) on or before the date on which such delivery of such letter is required pursuant to Section 7(n) .

 

g. Representation Certificate. The Agents shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(1) on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to Section 7(1) .

 

h. Secretary’s Certificate . On or prior to the first Representation Date, the Agents shall have received a certificate, signed on behalf of the Company by its corporate Secretary, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents and their counsel.

 

i. No Suspension. Trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended on the Exchange and the Common Stock shall not have been delisted from the Exchange.

 

j. Other Materials . On each date on which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section 7(l) , the Company shall have furnished to the Agents such appropriate further information, certificates and documents as the Agents may reasonably request. All such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents will be in compliance with the provisions hereof. The Company will furnish the Agents with such conformed copies of such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents as the Agents shall reasonably request.

 

k. Securities Act Filings Made. All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424 under the Securities Act to have been filed prior to the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by Rule 424.

 

l. Approval for Listing. The Placement Shares shall either have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject only to notice of issuance, or the Company shall have filed an application for listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange at, or prior to, the issuance of any Placement Notice.

 

m. No Termination Event. There shall not have occurred any event that would permit the Agents to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 13(a) .

  

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11. Indemnification and Contribution.

 

(a) Company Indemnification. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold

 

harmless the Agents, their partners, members, directors, officers, employees and agents and each person, if any, who controls the Agents within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act as follows:

 

(i) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

 

(ii) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, to the extent of the aggregate amount paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission; provided that (subject to Section 11(d) below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be delayed or withheld; and

 

(iii) against any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the reasonable documented fees and disbursements of counsel), reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission, to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i) or (ii) above,

 

provided, however , that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out of any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made solely in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by an Agent expressly for use in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment thereto).

  

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(b) Agent Indemnification. Each Agent agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors and each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who (i) controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act or (ii) is controlled by or is under common control with the Company against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in Section 11(a) , as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendments thereto) or in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to such Agent and furnished to the Company in writing by such Agent expressly for use therein.

 

(c) Procedure. Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this Section 11 will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this Section 11 , notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission so to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from (i) any liability that it might have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this Section 11 and (ii) any liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing provision of this Section 11 unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses by the indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of its commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written notice to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any legal or other expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense. The indemnified party will have the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (1) the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in writing by the indemnifying party, (2) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying party, (3) a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party) or (4) the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement of the action, in each of which cases the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel will be at the expense of the indemnifying party or parties. It is understood that the indemnifying party or parties shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at any one time for all such indemnified party or parties. All such fees, disbursements and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying party promptly after the indemnifying party receives a written invoice relating to fees, disbursements and other charges in reasonable detail. An indemnifying party will not, in any event, be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this Section 11 (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (1) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (2) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

  

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(d) Contribution. In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing paragraphs of this Section 11 is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable from the Company or an Agent, the Company and such Agent will contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding or any claim asserted, but after deducting any contribution received by the Company from persons other than the Agents, such as persons who control the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, officers of the Company who signed the Registration Statement and directors of the Company, who also may be liable for contribution) to which the Company and the Agents may be subject in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Agents on the other hand. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Agents on the other hand shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total Net Proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total compensation received by the Agents (before deducting expenses) from the sale of Placement Shares on behalf of the Company. If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution shall be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and such Agent, on the other hand, with respect to the statements or omission that resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations with respect to such offering. Such relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or such Agent, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and each Agent agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 11(d) were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, liability, expense, or damage, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this Section 11(d) shall be deemed to include, for the purpose of this Section 11(d) , any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim to the extent consistent with Section 11(c) hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11(d) , and except in the case of gross negligence or willful misconduct, an Agent shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by it under this Agreement and no person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section 11(d) , any person who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, and any officers, directors, partners, employees or agents of an Agent, will have the same rights to contribution as that party, and each officer and director of the Company who signed the Registration Statement will have the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this Section 11(d) , will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify will not relieve that party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under this Section 11(d) except to the extent that the failure to so notify such other party materially prejudiced the substantive rights or defenses of the party from whom contribution is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of Section 11(c) hereof, no party will be liable for contribution with respect to any action or claim settled without its written consent if such consent is required pursuant to Section 11(c) hereof.

  

30

 

12. Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in Section 11 of this Agreement and all representations and warranties of the Company and the Agents herein or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto shall survive, as of their respective dates, regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of the Agents, any controlling persons, or the Company (or any of their respective officers, directors or controlling persons), (ii) delivery and acceptance of the Placement Shares and payment therefor or (iii) any termination of this Agreement.

 

13. Termination.

 

a. An Agent may terminate this Agreement, written by notice to the Company, as hereinafter specified at any time (1) if there has been, since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the date as of which information is given in the Prospectus, any Material Adverse Effect, or any development that is reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect or, in the reasonable judgment of such Agent, is material and adverse and makes it impractical or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares, (2) if there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial markets, any outbreak of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to make it, in the reasonable and good faith judgment of such Agent, impracticable or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares, (3) if trading in the Common Stock has been suspended or limited by the Commission or the Exchange, or if trading generally on the Exchange has been suspended or limited, or minimum prices for trading have been fixed on the Exchange, (4) if any suspension of trading of any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market shall have occurred and be continuing for a period of at least 10 days, (5) if a major disruption of securities settlements or clearance services in the United States shall have occurred and be continuing, or (6) if a banking moratorium has been declared by either U.S. Federal or New York authorities. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 9 (Payment of Expenses), Section 11 (Indemnification and Contribution), Section 12 (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), Section 18 (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and Section 19 (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. If an Agent elects to terminate this Agreement as provided in this Section 13(a), such Agent shall provide the required notice as specified in Section 14 (Notices).

  

31

 

b. The Company shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion (for any reason or no reason) at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 9 (Payment of Expenses), Section 11 (Indemnification and Contribution), Section 12 (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), Section 18 (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and Section 19 (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

 

c. Each Agent shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion (for any reason or no reason) at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 9 (Payment of Expenses), Section 11 (Indemnification and Contribution), Section 12 (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), Section 18 (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and Section 19 (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

 

d. Unless earlier terminated pursuant to this Section 13 , this Agreement shall automatically terminate upon the issuance and sale of all of the Placement Shares through the Agents on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein except that the provisions of Section 9 (Payment of Expenses), Section 11 (Indemnification and Contribution), Section 12 (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), Section 18 (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and Section 19 (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

 

e. This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to Sections 13(a) , (b ), (c ), or (d) above or otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties; provided, however , that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide that Section 9 (Payment of Expenses), Section 11 (Indemnification and Contribution), Section 12 (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), Section 18 (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and Section 19 (Consent to Jurisdiction) shall remain in full force and effect. Upon termination of this Agreement, the Company shall not have any liability to an Agent for any discount, commission or other compensation with respect to any Placement Shares not otherwise sold by an Agent under this Agreement.

 

f. Any termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; provided, however , that such termination shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by an Agent or the Company, as the case may be. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of Placement Shares, such Placement Shares shall settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

  

32

 

14. Notices. All notices or other communications required or permitted to be given by any party to any other party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement shall be in writing, unless otherwise specified, and if sent to the Agents, shall be delivered to:

  

B. Riley FBR, Inc.

299 Park Avenue

New York, NY 10171

Attention: General Counsel

Telephone:     (212) 457-9947

Email: atmdesk@brileyfbr.com

  

And

  

JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC

900 Island Park Drive, Suite 160

Daniel Island, SC 29492

Attention:      Burke Cook

Email: Burke@jonestrading.com

 

with a copy to:

 

Duane Morris LLP

1540 Broadway

New York, NY 10036

Attention:      James T. Seery

Telephone:    (973) 424-2088

Email: jtseery@duanemorris.com

 

and if to the Company, shall be delivered to:

 

Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

275 Madison Avenue, 7 th  Floor

New York, NY 10016

Attention:      Chief Executive Officer

Telephone:    (646) 677-3870

Email: sseth@actiniumpharma.com

 

with a copy to:

 

The Matt Law Firm, PLLC

1701 Genesee Street

Utica, New York 13501

Attention:      Thomas Slusarczyk, Esq.

Telephone:    (315) 235-2299

Email: tslusarczyk@mattlawfirm.com

 

33

 

Each party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose. Each such notice or other communication shall be deemed given (i) when delivered personally, by email, or by verifiable facsimile transmission (with an original to follow) on or before 4:30 p.m., New York City time, on a Business Day or, if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day, (ii) on the next Business Day after timely delivery to a nationally-recognized overnight courier and (iii) on the Business Day actually received if deposited in the U.S. mail (certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid). For purposes of this Agreement, “ Business Day ” shall mean any day on which the Exchange and commercial banks in the City of New York are open for business.

 

An electronic communication (“ Electronic Notice ”) shall be deemed written notice for purposes of this Section 14 if sent to the electronic mail address specified by the receiving party under separate cover. Electronic Notice shall be deemed received at the time the party sending Electronic Notice receives confirmation of receipt by the receiving party. Any party receiving Electronic Notice may request and shall be entitled to receive the notice on paper, in a nonelectronic form (“ Nonelectronic Notice ”) which shall be sent to the requesting party within ten (10) days of receipt of the written request for Nonelectronic Notice.

 

15. Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and each Agent and their respective successors and the affiliates, controlling persons, officers and directors referred to in Section 11 hereof. References to any of the parties contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of such party. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assigns any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement. Neither party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party.

 

16. Adjustments for Stock Splits. The parties acknowledge and agree that all share-related numbers contained in this Agreement shall be adjusted to take into account any share consolidation, stock split, stock dividend, corporate domestication or similar event effected with respect to the Placement Shares.

 

17. Entire Agreement; Amendment; Severability. This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits attached hereto and Placement Notices issued pursuant hereto) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be amended except pursuant to a written instrument executed by the Company and the Agents. In the event that any one or more of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable as written by a court of competent jurisdiction, then such provision shall be given full force and effect to the fullest possible extent that it is valid, legal and enforceable, and the remainder of the terms and provisions herein shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable term or provision was not contained herein, but only to the extent that giving effect to such provision and the remainder of the terms and provisions hereof shall be in accordance with the intent of the parties as reflected in this Agreement.

 

34

 

18. GOVERNING LAW AND TIME; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

 

19. CONSENT TO JURISDICTION. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE NON-EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS SITTING IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING, ANY CLAIM THAT IT IS NOT PERSONALLY SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT, THAT SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM OR THAT THE VENUE OF SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF PROCESS AND CONSENTS TO PROCESS BEING SERVED IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF (CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED) TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS IN EFFECT FOR NOTICES TO IT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AND AGREES THAT SUCH SERVICE SHALL CONSTITUTE GOOD AND SUFFICIENT SERVICE OF PROCESS AND NOTICE THEREOF. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE DEEMED TO LIMIT IN ANY WAY ANY RIGHT TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW.

 

20. Use of Information. The Agents may not use any information gained in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including due diligence, to advise any party with respect to transactions not expressly approved by the Company.

 

21. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party to the other may be made by facsimile transmission.

 

22. Effect of Headings. The section and Exhibit headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

 

35

 

23. Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses.

 

The Company represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of each Agent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed, and each Agent represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Placement Shares that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 405, required to be filed with the Commission. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Agents or by the Company, as the case may be, is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.” The Company represents and warrants that it has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping. For the purposes of clarity, the parties hereto agree that all free writing prospectuses, if any, listed in Exhibit 23 hereto are Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses.

 

24. Absence of Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that:

 

a. Each Agent is acting solely as agent in connection with the public offering of the Placement Shares and in connection with each transaction contemplated by this Agreement and the process leading to such transactions, and no fiduciary or advisory relationship between the Company or any of its respective affiliates, stockholders (or other equity holders), creditors or employees or any other party, on the one hand, and the Agents, on the other hand, has been or will be created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether or not any Agent has advised or is advising the Company on other matters, and the Agents have no obligation to the Company with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement;

 

b. it is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;

 

c. the Agents have not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and it has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate;

 

d. it is aware that the Agents and their affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from those of the Company and such Agent has no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship or otherwise; and

 

e. it waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against the Agents for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the sale of Placement Shares under this Agreement and agrees that the Agents shall not have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract, tort or otherwise) to it in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on its behalf or in right of it or the Company, employees or creditors of Company, other than in respect of the Agents’ obligations under this Agreement and to keep information provided by the Company to the Agents and the Agents’ counsel confidential to the extent not otherwise publicly-available.

  

36

 

25. Definitions.

 

As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below:

  

Applicable Time ” means (i) each Representation Date and (ii) the time of each sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement.

 

Issuer Free Writing Prospectus ” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, relating to the Placement Shares that (1) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (2) is a “road show” that is a “written communication” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i) whether or not required to be filed with the Commission, or (3) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Placement Shares or of the offering that does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g) under the Securities Act.

 

Rule 172 ,” “ Rule 405 ,” “ Rule 415 ,” “ Rule 424 ,” “ Rule 424(b) ,” “ Rule 430B ,” and “ Rule 433 ” refer to such rules under the Securities Act.

 

All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information that is “contained,” “included” or “stated” in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be.

 

All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; all references in this Agreement to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (other than any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses that, pursuant to Rule 433, are not required to be filed with the Commission) shall be deemed to include the copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; and all references in this Agreement to “supplements” to the Prospectus shall include, without limitation, any supplements, “wrappers” or similar materials prepared in connection with any offering, sale or private placement of any Placement Shares by the Agents outside of the United States.

 

[Remainder of the page intentionally left blank]

 

37

 

If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Company and each of the Agents, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between the Company and each of the Agents.

 

  Very truly yours,
   
  ACTINIUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
   
  By: /s/ Sandesh Seth
    Name: Sandesh Seth
    Title: Chairman of the Board and CEO
   
  ACCEPTED as of the date first-above written:
  B. RILEY FBR, INC.
   
  By: /s/ Patrice McNicoll
    Name: Patrice McNicoll
    Title: Co-Head of Investment Banking
   
  JONESTRADING INSTITUTIONAL
SERVICES LLC
   
  By: /s/ Burke Cook
    Name: Burke Cook
    Title: General Counsel

 

 

 

SCHEDULE 1

 

 

 

FORM OF PLACEMENT NOTICE

 

 

 

From: Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

 

To: [●]

 

Attention: [●]

 

Subject: At Market Issuance--Placement Notice

 

Gentlemen:

 

Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the Amended and Restated At Market Issuance Sales Agreement between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and B. Riley FBR, Inc. and JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (the “ Agents ”), dated December [28], 2018, the Company hereby requests that [ Identify Designated Agent ] sell up to [_______] shares of the Company’s Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, at a minimum market price of $ per share, during the time period beginning [month, day, time] and ending [month, day, time].

 

 

 

SCHEDULE 2

 

 

 

Compensation

 

 

 

The Company shall pay to the Designated Agent in cash, upon each sale of Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement, an amount equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from each sale of Placement Shares.

 

 

 

SCHEDULE 3

 

 

 

 

Notice Parties

 

 

 

 

The Company  
   
Sandesh Seth sseth@actiniumpharma.com
Steve O’Loughlin soloughlin@actiniumpharma.com
   
B. Riley FBR  
   
Matthew Feinberg mfeinberg@brileyfbr.com
Ryan Loforte rloforte@brileyfbr.com
Patrice McNicoll pmcnicoll@brileyfbr.com  
Keith Pompliano kpompliano@brileyfbr.com
   
with a copy to atmdesk@brileyfbr.com  
   
JonesTrading  
   
Moe Cohen moec@jonestrading.com  
Bryan Turley bturley@jonestrading.com  
John D’Agostini johnd@jonestrading.com  
Ryan Gerety ryang@jonestrading.com  
   
With a copy to JTCM@jonestrading.com  

 

 

 

SCHEDULE 6(g)

 

 

 

 

Subsidiaries

 

 

 

MedActinium, Inc.

 

 

 

EXHIBIT 7(1)
Form of Representation Date Certificate

 

____________________, 20___

 

This Representation Date Certificate (this “ Certificate ”) is executed and delivered in connection with Section 7(1) of the Amended and Restated At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “ Agreement ”), dated December 28, 2018, and entered into between Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “ Company ”) and B. Riley FBR, Inc. and JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC. All capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Agreement.

 

The Company hereby certifies as follows:

 

1. As of the date of this Certificate (i) the Registration Statement does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading and (ii) neither the Registration Statement nor the Prospectus contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading and (iii) no event has occurred as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein not untrue or misleading for this paragraph 1 to be true.

 

2. Each of the representations and warranties of the Company contained in the Agreement were, when originally made, and are, as of the date of this Certificate, true and correct in all material respects.

 

3. Except as waived by the Agents in writing, each of the covenants required to be performed by the Company in the Agreement on or prior to the date of the Agreement, this Representation Date, and each such other date prior to the date hereof as set forth in the Agreement, has been duly, timely and fully performed in all material respects and each condition required to be complied with by the Company on or prior to the date of the Agreement, this Representation Date, and each such other date prior to the date hereof as set forth in the Agreement has been duly, timely and fully complied with in all material respects.

 

4. Subsequent to the date of the most recent financial statements in the Prospectus, and except as described in the Prospectus, including Incorporated Documents, there has been no Material Adverse Effect.

 

5. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of any part thereof has been issued, and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or threatened by any securities or other governmental authority (including, without limitation, the Commission).

 

6. No order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the qualification or registration of the Placement Shares under the securities or Blue Sky laws of any

 

 

  

jurisdiction are in effect and no proceeding for such purpose is pending before, or threatened, to the Company’s knowledge or in writing by, any securities or other governmental authority (including, without limitation, the Commission).

 

The undersigned has executed this Representation Date Certificate as of the date first written above.

 

  ACTINIUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
   
  By:                          
  Name:  
  Title:  

  

 

 

EXHIBIT 23

 

Permitted Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses

 

None.

 

 

 

Exhibit 10.39 

 

AMENDMENT NO. 7
TO
ACTINIUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 2013 AMENDED AND RESTATED STOCK PLAN

 

Pursuant to Section 14 of the 2013 Amended and Restated Stock Plan, as amended (the “Plan”) of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”), the Board of Directors of the Company has duly adopted a resolution, conditioned upon approval by the stockholders of the Company, approving this Amendment No. 7 to the Plan to increase the total number of shares of common stock, par value $.001 per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”) reserved and available for issuance under the Plan as follows:

 

1.       Section 3 of the Plan is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:

 

“Subject to the provisions of Section 14 of the Plan, the maximum aggregate number of Shares reserved for issuance to Participants under the Plan is 22,750,000, and the maximum aggregate number of Shares that may be granted in the form of Incentive Stock Options is 22,750,000. The Shares may be authorized, but unissued, or reacquired Common Stock. If an award should expire or become unexercisable for any reason without having been exercised in full, or is surrendered pursuant to an Option Exchange Program, the unpurchased Shares that were subject thereto shall, unless the Plan shall have been terminated, become available for future grant under the Plan. In addition, any Shares of Common Stock which are retained by the Company upon exercise of an award in order to satisfy the exercise or purchase price for such award or any withholding taxes due with respect to such exercise or purchase shall be treated as not issued and shall continue to be available under the Plan. Shares issued under the Plan and later repurchased by the Company pursuant to any repurchase right which the Company may have shall not be available for future grant under the Plan.”

 

2.       All other terms and provisions of the Plan shall remain unchanged and in full force and effect as written.

 

3.       A majority in voting interest of the stockholders present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the meeting of stockholders at which this Amendment No. 5 was considered, has duly approved this Amendment No. 7 to the Plan.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF , this Amendment No. 7 to the Plan is made effective this 6th day of March, 2019.

 

    ACTINIUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
         
    By:    /s/ Sandesh Seth – Chairman and CEO

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 23.1

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-216748 on Form S-3 and Registration Statements No. 333-216746 and No. 333-197283 on Form S-8 of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. of our report dated March 16, 2018 relating to the consolidated financial statements of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as of December 31, 2017 and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, which report is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

/s/ GBH CPAs, PC

 

GBH CPAs, PC

www.gbhcpas.com

Houston, Texas

March 15, 2019

Exhibit 23.2

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-216748 on Form S-3 and Registration Statements No. 333-216746 and No. 333-197283 on Form S-8 of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. of our report which includes an explanatory paragraph as to Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.'s ability to continue as a going concern dated March 15, 2019 relating to the consolidated financial statements of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as of December 31, 2018 and for the year then ended and our report dated March 15, 2019 with respect to our audit of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as of December 31, 2018, which reports are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

/s/ Marcum LLP

 

Marcum LLP

Houston, Texas

March 15, 2019

Exhibit 31.1

 

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18U.S.C SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXELY ACT OF 2002

 

I, Sandesh Seth, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: March 15, 2019 By: /s/ Sandesh Seth
    Sandesh Seth
    Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Duly Authorized Officer,
Principal Executive Officer)
     

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 31.2

 

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXELY ACT OF 2002

 

I, Steve O’Loughlin, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: March 15, 2019 By: /s/ Steve O’Loughlin
    Steve O’Loughlin
    Principal Financial Officer (Duly Authorized Officer, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
     
     

 

Exhibit 32.1

 

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER, PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with the Annual Report of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Sandesh Seth, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350), that to my knowledge:

 

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)); and

 

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Dated: March 15, 2019 By: /s/ Sandesh Seth
    Sandesh Seth
    Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Duly Authorized Officer,
Principal Executive Officer)
     

 

Exhibit 32.2

 

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING OFFICER, PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with the Annual Report of Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Steve O’Loughlin, Principal Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350), that to my knowledge:

 

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)); and

 

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Dated: March 15, 2019 By: /s/ Steve O’Loughlin
    Steve O’Loughlin
    Principal Financial Officer (Duly Authorized Officer, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)