Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Organization

Purple Innovation, Inc., collectively with its subsidiary (the “Company” or “Purple Inc.”), is a comfort innovation company which designs and manufactures products to improve how people live. The Company designs and manufactures a range of comfort technology products, including mattresses, pillows, cushions and other products, using its proprietary Hyper-Elastic Polymer® technology designed to improve comfort. The Company markets and sells its products through direct-to-consumer online channels, traditional wholesale partners and third-party online retailers.

The Company was incorporated in Delaware on May 19, 2015 as a special purpose acquisition company under the name of Global Partnership Acquisition Corp (“GPAC”) for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination involving the Company and one or more businesses. On February 2, 2018, the Company consummated a transaction structured similar to a reverse recapitalization (the “Business Combination”) pursuant to which the Company acquired a portion of the equity of Purple Innovation, LLC (“Purple LLC”). At the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), the Company became the sole managing member of Purple LLC, and GPAC was renamed Purple Innovation, Inc.

As the sole managing member of Purple LLC, Purple Inc. through its officers and directors is responsible for all operational and administrative decision making and control of the day-to-day business affairs of Purple LLC without the approval of any other member, unless specified in the amended operating agreement.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The Company consists of Purple Inc. and its consolidated subsidiary Purple LLC. Pursuant to the Business Combination described in Note 3 — Merger Transaction , Purple Inc. has acquired approximately 18% of the common units of Purple LLC, while InnoHold, LLC (“InnoHold”) and others retain approximately 82% of the common units in Purple LLC.

The Business Combination was structured similar to a reverse recapitalization. The historical operations of Purple LLC are deemed to be those of the Company. Thus, the financial statements included in this report reflect (i) the historical operating results of Purple LLC prior to the Business Combination; (ii) the combined results of the Company following the Business Combination; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Purple LLC at their historical cost; and (iv) the Company’s equity and earnings per share for all periods presented.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting and reflect the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. As such, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Current Report on Form 10-K filed March 14, 2019. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments (all of which were considered of normal recurring nature) considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial results. The results of the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 or for any other interim period or other future year.

Variable Interest Entities

Purple LLC is a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The Company determined that it is the primary beneficiary of Purple LLC as Purple Inc. is the sole managing member and has the power to direct the activities most significant to Purple LLC’s economic performance as well as the obligation to absorb losses and receive benefits that are potentially significant. At March 31, 2019, Purple Inc. had approximately an 18% economic interest in Purple LLC and consolidated 100% of Purple LLC’s assets, liabilities and results of operations in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein. At March 31, 2019, InnoHold and other parties owned approximately 82% of the economic interest in Purple LLC; however, InnoHold and other parties have disproportionally fewer voting rights, and are shown as the noncontrolling interest (“NCI”) holder of Purple LLC. For further discussion see Note 13 — Stockholders’ Equity.

Reclassification

Certain amounts in the prior period financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the presentation of the current period financial statements. These reclassifications had no effect on the previously reported net loss.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company regularly makes significant estimates and assumptions including, but not limited to, estimates that affect the Company’s revenue recognition, accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of inventories, cost of revenues, sales returns, warranty liabilities, the recognition and measurement of loss contingencies and estimates of current and deferred income taxes, deferred income tax valuation allowances and amounts associated with the Company’s Tax Receivable Agreement with InnoHold (the “Tax Receivable Agreement”). Predicting future events is inherently an imprecise activity and, as such, requires the use of judgment. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

The Company markets and sells its products through direct-to-consumer online channels, traditional wholesale partners, and third-party online retailers. Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligations under the contract which is transferring the promised products to the customer. This principle is achieved in the following steps:

Identify the contract with the customer. A contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the goods to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these goods, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and, (iii) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for the goods that are transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. The Company does not have significant costs to obtain contracts with customers.

Identify the performance obligations in the contract . The Company’s contracts with customers do not include multiple performance obligations to be completed over a period of time. The performance obligations generally relate to delivering products to a customer, subject to the shipping terms of the contract. The Company has made an accounting policy election to account for shipping and handling activities performed after a customer obtains control of the goods, including “white glove” delivery services, as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the good. For certain products, limited assurance-type warranties are provided, for which the Company provides refunds. These amounts are reflected as a reduction of revenue in the statement of operations and a current liability on the balance sheet based on historical experience. The Company does not offer extended warranty or service plans. The Company does not provide an option to its customers to purchase future products at a discount and therefore there are no material option rights.

Determine the transaction price . Payment for sale of products through the direct-to-consumer online channels and third-party online retailers is collected at point of sale in advance of shipping the products. Amounts received for unshipped products are recorded as customer prepayments. Payment by traditional wholesale customers is due under customary fixed payment terms. None of the Company’s contracts contain a significant financing component. Revenue is recorded at the net sales price, which includes estimates of variable consideration such as product returns, volume rebates, and other adjustments. The estimates of variable consideration are based on historical return experience, historical and projected sales data, and current contract terms. Variable consideration is included in revenue only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Taxes collected from customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenues.

Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract. The Company’s contracts with customers do not include multiple performance obligations. Therefore, the Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of the product to the customer's control at contractually stated pricing.

Recognize revenue when or as we satisfy a performance obligation. The Company satisfies performance obligations at a point in time upon either shipment or delivery of goods, in accordance with the terms of each contract with the customer. With the exception of third-party “white glove” delivery and certain wholesale partners, revenue generated from product sales is recognized at shipping point, the point in time the customer obtains control of the products. Revenue generated from sales through third-party “white glove” delivery is recognized at the point in time when the product is delivered to the customer. Revenue generated from certain wholesale partners is recognized at a point in time when the product is delivered to the wholesale partner’s warehouse. The Company does not have service revenue.

Customer prepayments include cash amounts transacted with customers prior to product delivery.

Debt Issuance Costs and Discounts

Debt issuance costs and discounts are presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability and are amortized into interest expense using an effective interest rate over the duration of the debt. Refer to Note 8 – Long-Term Debt, Related-Party .

Fair Value Liability Warrants

The Company accounts for fair value liability warrants under the provisions of ASC 480 - Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity . ASC 480 requires the recording of certain liabilities at their fair value. Changes in the fair value of these liabilities are recognized in earnings. As a result of certain terms, conditions and features included in the incremental warrants issued by the Company, they are required to be accounted for as a liability at estimated fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Refer to Note 9 – Warrant Liabilities .

Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses the fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, essentially an exit price, based on the highest and best use of the asset or liability. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are:

Level 1—Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2—Significant other observable inputs (e.g. quoted prices for similar items in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar items in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, such as interest rate and yield curves, and market-corroborated inputs); and

Level 3—Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting unit to develop its own assumptions.

The classification of fair value measurements within the established three-level hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the measurements. Financial instruments, although not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis include cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable, accrued expenses and the Company’s debt obligations. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these accounts. The fair value of the Company’s debt instrument is estimated to be its face value based on the contractual terms of the debt instrument and market-based expectations. The warrant liability is a Level 3 instrument and uses an internal model to estimate fair value using certain significant unobservable inputs which requires determination of relevant inputs and assumptions. Accordingly, changes in these unobservable inputs may have a significant impact on fair value. Such inputs include risk free interest rate, expected average life, expected dividend yield, and expected volatility. These Level 3 liabilities would decrease (increase) in value based upon an increase (decrease) in risk free interest rate and expected dividend yield. Conversely, the fair value of these Level 3 liabilities would generally increase (decrease) in value if the expected average life or expected volatility were to increase (decrease).

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated by applying existing tax laws and the rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the year of the enacted rate change.

The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes using a recognition and measurement threshold for tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, which are subject to examination by federal and state taxing authorities. The tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities based on technical merits of the position. The amount of the tax benefit recognized is the largest amount of the benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The effective tax rate and the tax basis of assets and liabilities reflect management’s estimates of the ultimate outcome of various tax uncertainties. The Company recognizes penalties and interest related to uncertain tax positions within the provision (benefit) for income taxes line in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Purple LLC, the Company’s accounting predecessor, is a limited liability company treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes that is not subject to U.S. federal income tax.

Net Loss Per Share

The two-class method of computing net income (loss) per share is required for entities that have participating securities. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines net income (loss) per share for participating securities according to dividends declared (or accumulated) and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The Company’s Class B Stock has no economic interest in the earnings of the Company, resulting in the two-class method not being applicable as of March 31, 2019 or in prior periods. Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of Class A Stock outstanding each period. Diluted net loss per share adds to those shares the incremental shares that would have been outstanding and potentially dilutive assuming exchanges of the Company’s outstanding warrants and stock options for Class A Stock, and the vesting of unvested Class A Stock. An anti-dilutive impact is an increase in net income per share or a reduction in net loss per share resulting from the conversion, exercise or contingent issuance of certain securities.

The Company uses the “if-converted” method to determine the potential dilutive effect of conversions of its outstanding Class B Stock, and the treasury stock method to determine the potential dilutive effect of its outstanding warrants and stock options exercisable for shares of Class A Stock and the vesting of unvested Class A Stock.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

New Revenue Guidance

In May 2014, in addition to several amendments issued during 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Topic 606 outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2019 on a modified retrospective basis. Adoption of this standard did not result in significant changes to the Company’s accounting policies, business processes, systems or controls, or have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. As such, prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under accounting standards then in effect, and the Company did not record a cumulative adjustment to the opening equity balance of accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2019. However, additional disclosures have been added in accordance with the requirements of Topic 606 and are reflected in Note 4 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

New Business Combination Guidance

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” The purpose of this ASU is to clarify the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The amendments affect all companies and other reporting organizations that must determine whether they have acquired or sold a business. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2019. The guidance in this standard did not have a material impact on the financial statements.

New Lease Guidance

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases,” and in March 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-01, “Leases: Codification Improvements”, which updated the accounting guidance related to leases to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. They also clarify implementation issues. These updates are effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods therein. The Company is allowed to use the private company adoption timelines, and therefore the standard is effective for the Company for its annual period beginning January 1, 2020, and interim periods within annual periods beginning January 1, 2021. The standard is to be applied utilizing a modified retrospective approach, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, the Company anticipates a material increase in assets and liabilities due to the recognition of the right-of-use asset and corresponding liability for all lease obligations that are currently classified as operating leases.

Other Recent Accounting Pronouncement

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” These amendments require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. These updates are effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods therein. The Company is allowed to use the private company adoption timelines, and therefore the standard is effective for the Company for its annual period beginning January 1, 2021, and interim periods within annual periods beginning January 1, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The guidance in this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the financial statements.

3. Merger Transaction

On February 2, 2018, upon consummation of the Business Combination, Purple LLC merged with and into a wholly owned subsidiary of GPAC (PRPL Acquisition, LLC), with Purple LLC being the survivor in that merger pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among GPAC, PRPL Acquisition, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of GPAC (“Merger Sub”), Purple LLC and InnoHold. In connection with the Closing, GPAC was renamed “Purple Innovation, Inc.” and its articles of incorporation were amended to rename its common stock to Class A common stock (“Class A Stock”) and created a new class of stock named Class B common stock (“Class B Stock”) of which 44.1 million shares of Class B Stock were issued to InnoHold (refer to Note 13 — Stockholders’ Equity for a description of the Class A Stock and Class B Stock).

Additionally, at the Closing, 9.7 million Class A Units of Purple LLC were issued and are solely held by Purple Inc. They are voting common units entitled to share in the profits and losses of Purple LLC and receive distributions as declared by Purple LLC’s manager. 44.1 million Class B Units of Purple LLC were issued to InnoHold who has limited voting rights in Purple LLC and is entitled to share in the profits and losses of Purple LLC and to receive distributions as declared by Purple LLC’s manager. The amended operating agreement appoints Purple Inc. as the sole managing member of Purple LLC. As the sole managing member, Purple Inc. operates and controls all of the business and affairs of Purple LLC. Accordingly, although Purple Inc. has a minority economic interest in Purple LLC, Purple Inc. has the sole voting interest in and control of the management and operations of Purple LLC.

4. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company markets and sells its products through direct-to-consumer online channels, traditional wholesale partners, and third-party online retailers. Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligations under the contract which is transferring the promised products to the customer as described in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies .

Contract Balances

Payment for sale of products through the direct-to-consumer online channels and third-party online retailers is collected at point of sale in advance of shipping the products. Amounts received for unshipped products are recorded as customer prepayments. Customer prepayments were $4.3 million at March 31, 2019 and $7.5 million at December 31, 2018. During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized $7.5 million of revenue that was deferred in customer prepayments at December 31, 2018.

The Company sells products through two channels: Direct-to-Consumer and Wholesale. The Direct-to-Consumer channel includes product sales through direct-to-consumer online channels and third-party online channels. The Wholesale channel includes all product sales to traditional third-party retailers. The Company classifies products into two major categories: Bedding and Other. Bedding products include mattresses, platforms, adjustable bases, mattress covers, pillows and sheets. Other products include cushions and various other products.

5. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

6. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

The Company recorded depreciation and amortization related to property and equipment of $0.7 million and $0.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively

7. Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

8. Long-Term Debt, Related-Party

Long-term debt, related-party consists of the following (in thousands):

Credit Agreement

On February 2, 2018, Purple LLC entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Coliseum Capital Partners, L.P. (“CCP”), Blackwell Partners LLC – Series A (“Blackwell”) and Coliseum Co-invest Debt Fund, L.P. (“CDF” and together with CCP and Blackwell, the “Lenders”), pursuant to which the Lenders agreed to make a loan in an aggregate principal amount of $25.0 million. The Credit Agreement was closed and funded in connection with the Closing on February 2, 2018. As part of the Credit Agreement, Global Partner Sponsor I LLC (the “Sponsor”) agreed to assign to the Lenders an aggregate of 2.5 million warrants to purchase 1.3 million shares of its Class A Stock. The Credit Agreement was amended and restated on January 28, 2019 as discussed below.

The Company paid debt issuance costs, incurred an original issuance discount and discounts related to the Founder Shares (as defined in Note 13 – Stockholders’ Equity ) and Sponsor Warrants that were assigned in conjunction with the Credit Agreement. The amount of these reductions collectively allocated to debt at the time of the Business Combination was $6.1 million.

Amended and Restated Credit Agreement

On January 28, 2019, Purple LLC entered into a First Amendment to the Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”) with the Lenders which amends the Credit Agreement. In the First Amendment, Purple LLC agreed to enter into the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, under which two of the Lenders (“Incremental Lenders”) agreed to provide an incremental loan of $10.0 million such that the total amount of principal indebtedness provided to Purple LLC is increased to $35.0 million. A stockholder meeting was held on February 25, 2019 at which time a majority of non-interested stockholders voted in favor of this transaction. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, and each of the related documents, was accordingly closed and the incremental $10.0 million loan was funded on February 26, 2019 and the Company issued to the Incremental Lenders 2.6 million warrants to purchase 2.6 million shares of the Company’s Class A Stock at a price of $5.74 per share, subject to certain adjustments. Among other things, the terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement extends the maturity date for all loans under the Credit Agreement to five years from closing of the incremental loan, lowers the amount allowed for an asset-based loan to $10.0 million, revises certain restrictive covenants to make them more applicable to the Company’s current business, provides the ability for the Company to request additional loans from the Lenders not to exceed $10 million and other closing conditions, representations, warranties and covenants customary for a transaction of this type. All indebtedness under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement bears interest at 12.0% per annum and is payable on the last business day of each fiscal quarter, provided that Purple LLC will be required to pay up to an additional 4.0% of interest per annum if it fails to meet certain EBITDA thresholds and an additional 2.0% of interest per annum if the Company is not in material compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. In addition, Purple LLC may elect for interest in excess of 5.0% per annum to be capitalized and added to the principal amount. Any principal pre-payments in the first year are subject to a make-whole payment, while principal pre-payments in years two through four are subject to certain pre-payment penalties. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provided for certain remedies to the Lenders in the event of customary events of default and provides for standard indemnification of the Lenders. Purple LLC continues to be restricted from making capital expenditures in excess of $20.0 million and incurring capital lease obligations in excess of $10.0 million, subject to limited exceptions.

The Company paid fees in the amount of $0.5 million and debt issuance costs in the amount of $0.3 million in conjunction with the incremental loan under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Interest expense related to the Credit Agreement and the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement was $1.0 and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

The Company accounted for the debt restructuring under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement in accordance with ASC 470 - Debt . The Company determined that there are separate lenders for purposes of determining if there was an extinguishment or modification. The amended debt terms with CDF were not determined to be substantial and therefore the existing debt attributable to CDF was accounted for as a modification of debt. The amended debt terms with the Incremental Lenders were determined to be substantially different terms from their existing debt and therefore required to be accounted for as an extinguishment of their existing debt. Accordingly, the Company recognized a loss on the extinguishment of their existing debt of approximately $6.3 million. This is a non-cash expense primarily associated with the recognition of related unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs and the fair value of the incremental warrants issued.

9. Warrant Liabilities

The Incremental Loan Warrants issued in conjunction with the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contain a warrant repurchase provision which, upon an occurrence of a fundamental transaction as defined in the warrant agreement, could give rise to an obligation of the Company to pay cash to the warrant holders. The Company has determined that this provision requires the warrants to be accounted for as a liability at fair value on the date of the transaction under guidance prescribed in ASC 480 - Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity . The liability for the warrants is subsequently re-measured to fair value at each reporting date with changes in the fair value included in earnings.

The Company determined the fair value of the Incremental Warrants to be $4.9 million on the date of the transaction on February 26, 2019 using a Monte Carlo Simulation of a Geometric Brownian Motion stock path model with the following assumptions: 

The Company determined the fair value of the Incremental Warrants to be $3.2 million on March 31, 2019 using a Monte Carlo Simulation of a Geometric Brownian Motion stock path model with the following assumptions:

10. Other Long-Term Liabilities

Other long-term liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

11. Related Party Transactions

The Company had various transactions with entities or individuals which are considered related parties.

Coliseum Capital Management, LLC

Immediately following the Business Combination, Adam Gray was appointed to the Company’s board of directors. Mr. Gray is a manager of Coliseum Capital, LLC, which is the general partner of CCP and CDF, and he is also a managing partner of Coliseum Capital Management, LLC (“CCM”), which is the investment manager of Blackwell. Mr. Gray has voting and dispositive control over securities held by CCP, CDF and Blackwell which are the “Lenders” under the Credit Agreement. On February 26, 2019, the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement between Purple LLC and the Lenders thereto, and each of the related documents, including the issuance of additional warrants to the Incremental Lenders, was closed and an incremental loan of $10.0 million was funded (see Note 8 – Long Term Debt, Related Party ). The Lenders in aggregate had $37.2 million in principal borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2019, comprised of $25.0 million in original loan amount, $10.0 million in incremental loan amount and $2.2 million in capitalized interest. The Company made interest payments to the Lenders in the amount of $0.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Purple Founder Entities

TNT Holdings, LLC (herein “TNT Holdings”), EdiZONE, LLC (herein “EdiZONE”) and InnoHold, LLC (herein “InnoHold”) (the “Purple Founder Entities”) were entities under common control with Purple LLC prior to the Business Combination as TNT Holdings and InnoHold are majority owned and controlled by Terry Pearce and Tony Pearce (with EdiZONE being wholly owned by TNT Holdings) who also were the founders of Purple LLC and immediately following the Business Combination were appointed to the Company’s board of directors (the “Purple Founders”). InnoHold is a majority shareholder of the Company.

TNT Holdings owns the Alpine facility Purple LLC leases. Effective as of October 31, 2017, Purple LLC entered into an Amended and Restated Lease Agreement with TNT Holdings. The Company determined that TNT Holdings is not a VIE as neither the Company nor Purple LLC hold any explicit or implicit variable interest in TNT Holdings and do not have a controlling financial interest in TNT Holdings. The Company incurred $0.3 million and $0.3 million in rent expense to TNT Holdings for the building lease of the Alpine facility for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company has been leasing its headquarters facility in Alpine, Utah from TNT Holdings since 2010.

On February 2, 2019, the lock-up agreement expired that was entered into in connection with the Closing. The lock-up agreement was entered into by InnoHold between the Company and the Parent Representative with respect to the equity securities that both the Company and Purple LLC received in the Business Combination (the “Restricted Securities”). As of March 31, 2019, there have not been any transactions of the Restricted Securities since the lock-up agreement expired.

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Required Member Distributions

Prior to the Business Combination and pursuant to the then applicable First Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement (the “First Purple LLC Agreement”), Purple LLC was required to distribute to InnoHold an amount equal to 45 percent of Purple LLC’s net taxable income following the end of each fiscal year. The First Purple LLC Agreement was amended and replaced by the Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement (the “Second Purple LLC Agreement”) on February 2, 2018 as part of the Business Combination. The Second Purple LLC Agreement does not include any mandatory distributions, other than tax distributions. No distributions have been made under the Second Purple LLC Agreement in 2019 or 2018. 

Service Agreement

In October 2017, the Company entered into an electric service agreement with the local power company. The agreement provided for the construction and installation of certain utility improvements to provide increased power capacity to the manufacturing and warehouse facility in Grantsville, Utah. The Company prepaid $0.5 million related to the improvements and agreed to a minimum contract billing amount over a 15-year period based on regulated rate schedules and changes in actual demand during the billing period. The agreement includes an early termination clause that requires the Company to pay a pro-rata termination charge if the Company terminates within the first 10 years of the service start date. The early termination charge is $1.3 million and is reduced annually on a straight-line basis over the 10-year period. During 2018, the utility improvements construction was completed and were made available to the Company. As of March 31, 2019, the Company expects to fulfill its commitments under the agreement in the normal course of business, and as such, no liability has been recorded.

Operating Leases

The Company leases various office and warehouse facilities under two non-cancellable operating leases. Building space for its headquarters facility in Alpine, Utah is leased from TNT Holdings, LLC, an entity that prior to the Business Combination was under common control with InnoHold which was the majority and controlling owner of Purple LLC. The lease was originally entered into in 2010, but in October 2017 was amended with a lease term of 10 years that expires in September 2027 with the option for a 5-year extension. The Company also leases a facility located in Grantsville, Utah for use primarily as manufacturing and warehouse space. The lease was entered into in August 2016 with a lease term of 66 months and expires in January 2022 with two 5-year extension options. The Company recognizes rent expense on lease payments, including those with rent escalations and rent free periods, on a straight-line basis over the lease term, which includes the extension option periods. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized rent expense in the amount of $0.9 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

Purchase Agreement

In February 2018, the Company entered into a purchase contract with a supplier of mineral oil that includes a minimum purchase commitment over a two-year period. In exchange, the Company is offered a discount per gallon. As of March 31, 2019, approximately $5.2 million remains on the purchase contract. The Company expects to fulfill its commitments under the agreement in the normal course of business, and as such, no liability has been recorded.

Indemnification Obligations

From time to time, the Company enters into contracts that contingently require it to indemnify parties against claims. These contracts primarily relate to provisions in the Company’s services agreements with related parties that may require the Company to indemnify the related parties against services rendered; and certain agreements with the Company’s officers and directors under which the Company may be required to indemnify such persons for liabilities. In connection with the Closing, to secure the payment of a certain portion of specified post-closing indemnification rights of the Company under the Merger Agreement, 0.5 million shares of Class B Stock and 0.5 million Class B Units otherwise issuable to InnoHold as equity consideration have been deposited in an escrow account for up to three years from the Closing pursuant to a contingency escrow agreement. As of March 31, 2019, 0.5 million shares of Class B Stock and 0.5 million Class B Units otherwise issuable to InnoHold as equity consideration remain deposited in an escrow account and no indemnification claims have been made.

Rights of Securities Holders

The holders of certain Warrants exercisable into Class A Stock and certain other unregistered Class A Stock were entitled to registration rights pursuant to certain registration rights agreements of the Company as of the Business Combination date. In March 2018, the Company filed a registration statement registering the Warrants (and any shares of Class A Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants), and certain unregistered shares of Class A Common Stock. The registration statement was declared effective on April 3, 2018.

The holders of the Incremental Warrants exercisable into Class A Stock were entitled to registration rights pursuant to the registration rights agreement of the Company in connection with the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. In March 2019, the Company filed a registration statement registering the Warrants (and any shares of Class A Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants). The registration statement has not yet been declared effective.  

Purple LLC Class B Unit Exchange Right.  

On February 2, 2018, in connection with the Closing, the Company entered into an exchange agreement with Purple LLC and InnoHold (the “Exchange Agreement”), which provides for the exchange of Purple LLC Class B Units (the “Class B Units”) and shares of Class B Stock (together with an equal number of Class B Units, the “Paired Securities”) for, at the Company’s option, either (A) shares of Class A Stock at an initial exchange ratio equal to one Paired Security for one share of Class A Stock or (B) a cash payment equal to the product of the average of the volume-weighted closing price of one share of Class A Stock for the ten trading days immediately prior to the date InnoHold delivers a notice of exchange multiplied by the number of Paired Securities being exchanged.

Holders of Class B Units may elect to exchange all or any portion of their Class B Units (together with an equal number of shares of Class B Stock) as described above by delivering a notice to Purple LLC. However, the Class B Units (together with an equal number of shares of Class B Stock) may not be exchanged during a lock-up period ending on the earliest of (x) the one year anniversary of the Closing, (y) the date on which the last sale price of the Class A Stock (or any successor publicly traded common equity security) equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as equitably adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after the Closing or (z) the date on which the Company consummates a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction with an unaffiliated third party that results in all of the Company’s stockholders having the right to exchange either equity holdings in the Company for cash, securities or other property. The exchange will occur automatically upon the occurrence of a change of control or sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company or Purple LLC. The lock-up period ended on the one-year anniversary of the Closing, as set forth above, on February 2, 2019.

In certain cases, adjustments to the exchange ratio will occur in case of a split, reclassification, recapitalization, subdivision or similar transaction of or relating to the Class B Units or the shares of Class A Stock and Class B Stock or a transaction in which the Class A Stock is exchanged or converted into other securities or property. The exchange ratio will also adjust in certain circumstances when the Company acquires Class B Units other than through an exchange for its shares of Class A Stock.

The right of a holder of Class B Units to exchange may be limited by the Company if it reasonably determines in good faith that such restrictions are required by applicable law (including securities laws), such exchange would not be permitted under other agreements of such holder with the Company or its subsidiaries, including the Operating Agreement, or if such exchange would cause Purple LLC to be treated as a “publicly traded partnership” under applicable tax laws.

The Company and each holder of Class B Units shall bear its own expense regarding the exchange except that the Company shall be responsible for transfer taxes, stamp taxes and similar duties.

Maintenance of One-to-One Ratios.

The Second Purple LLC Agreement includes provisions intended to ensure that the Company at all times maintains a one-to-one ratio between (a) (i) the number of outstanding shares of Class A Stock and (ii) the number of Class A Units owned by the Company (subject to certain exceptions for certain rights to purchase equity securities of the Company under a “poison pill” or similar stockholder rights plan, if any, certain convertible or exchangeable securities issued under the Company’s equity compensation plan and certain equity securities issued pursuant to the Company’s equity compensation plan (other than a stock option plan) that are restricted or have not vested thereunder) and (b) (i) the number of other outstanding equity securities of the Company (including the warrants exercisable for shares of Class A Stock) and (ii) the number of corresponding outstanding equity securities of Purple LLC. These provisions are intended to result in InnoHold having a voting interest in the Company that is identical to InnoHold’s economic interest in Purple LLC.

Non-Income Related Taxes  

The U.S. Supreme Court ruling in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. , No.17-494, reversed a longstanding precedent that remote sellers are not required to collect state and local sales taxes. We cannot predict the effect of these and other attempts to impose sales, income or other taxes on e-commerce. The Company currently collects and reports on sales tax in all states in which it does business. However, the application of existing, new or revised taxes on our business, in particular, sales taxes, VAT and similar taxes would likely increase the cost of doing business online and decrease the attractiveness of selling products over the internet. The application of these taxes on our business could also create significant increases in internal costs necessary to capture data and collect and remit taxes. There have been, and will continue to be, substantial ongoing costs associated with complying with the various indirect tax requirements in the numerous markets in which we conduct or will conduct business.

Legal Proceedings  

On January 9, 2018, Chris Knudsen, a former consultant to the company, filed a complaint against Purple LLC in the Fourth Judicial District Court of the State of Utah. Mr. Knudsen alleges that before his consulting contract ended in March 2016, he and Purple LLC reached an oral agreement under which Mr. Knudsen would become the company’s chief executive officer on April 1, 2016, and under which Mr. Knudsen would immediately receive a 4% equity interest in Purple LLC. Mr. Knudsen alleges that Purple LLC’s failure to make him the company’s chief executive officer on April 1, 2016, constitutes a breach of that oral agreement, and Mr. Knudsen claims damages of $44 million, based on a 4% interest of a $1.1 billion valuation initially announced in association with Purple LLC’s Business Combination. In the alternative, Mr. Knudsen seeks declaratory relief that he owns the 4% equity position in Purple LLC. Purple LLC denies that it reached an agreement with Mr. Knudsen for him to assume the role of chief executive officer and denies that it reached an agreement to provide equity to Mr. Knudsen. Purple LLC believes that Mr. Knudsen’s lawsuit is without merit and is vigorously contesting it. The Company maintains insurance to defend against claims of this nature, which management believes is adequate to cover the cost of its defense of Mr. Knudsen’s claims. Fact discovery in this matter is scheduled to be completed in July 2019.

The Company is from time to time involved in various other claims, legal proceedings and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company does not believe that adverse decisions in any such pending or threatened proceedings, or any amount that the Company might be required to pay by reason thereof, would have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or future results of the Company. 

13. Stockholders’ Equity

Prior to the Business Combination, GPAC was a shell company with no operations, formed as a vehicle to effect a business combination with one or more operating businesses. After the Closing, the Company became a holding company whose sole material asset consists of its interest in Purple LLC.

Class A Common Stock

The Company has 210.0 million shares of Class A Stock authorized at a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of the Company’s Class A Stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters to be voted on by the stockholders and participate in dividends, if declared by the Board, or receive any portion of any such assets in respect of their shares upon liquidation, dissolution, distribution of assets or winding-up of the Company in excess of the par value of such stock. Holders of the Class A Stock and holders of the Class B Stock voting together as a single class, have the exclusive right to vote for the election of directors and on all other matters properly submitted to a vote of the stockholders. Holders of Class A Stock and Class B Stock are entitled to one vote per share on matters to be voted on by stockholders.

In connection with the Business Combination, all of GPAC’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock were renamed to Class A Stock. The Company distributed approximately $90.6 million of the cash proceeds from the Company’s initial public offering to redeem approximately 9.0 million shares of Class A Stock, which shares were then cancelled by GPAC. In addition, the Sponsor agreed to forfeit an aggregate of 1.3 million of the 3.9 million shares of common stock it received at GPAC’s formation (the “Founder Shares”), which forfeited shares were then cancelled by the Company. GPAC issued an additional 4.0 million shares of Class A Stock to investors as part of a private investment in public equity (PIPE financing). At March 31, 2019, 9.7 million shares of Class A Stock were outstanding.

The Founder Shares are identical to the shares of Class A Stock sold in GPAC’s initial public offering, and holders of these shares have the same stockholder rights as public stockholders, except that the Founder Shares are subject to certain transfer and vesting restrictions described below.

The Sponsor agreed not to transfer, assign or sell, except to certain permitted transferees, including to its members or in connection with a business combination, any of its Founder Shares until either one year passed after the completion of the Business Combination or certain other events occurred. Upon its own terms this restriction expired on February 2, 2019.

In accordance with the terms of the Business Combination, the Sponsor agreed to subject 0.6 million shares of Class A Stock owned by it to vesting and forfeiture. The shares of Class A Stock subject to vesting will be forfeited eight years from the Closing, unless any of the following events (each a “Triggering Event”) occurs prior to that time:(i) the closing price of the Class A Stock on the principal exchange on which it is listed is at or above $12.50 for 20 trading days over a thirty trading day period (subject to certain adjustments), (ii) a change of control of the Company, (iii) a “going private” transaction by the Company pursuant to Rule 13e-3 under the Exchange Act or such other time as the Company ceases to be subject to the reporting obligations under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, or (iv) the time that the Company’s Class A Stock ceases to be listed on a national securities exchange. Such shares of Class A Stock will no longer be subject to forfeiture upon the occurrence of a Triggering event. In addition, in connection with the Coliseum Private Placement, the Sponsor assigned 1.3 million shares of Class A Stock of which 0.6 million shares are subject to the same vesting and forfeiture conditions described above. Further, the Sponsor had distributed the remaining Founder Shares to its members during the first quarter of 2018. Such distributed Founder Shares remain subject to the vesting and forfeiture conditions described above.

Class B Common Stock

The Company has 90.0 million shares of Class B Stock authorized at a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of the Company’s Class B Stock will vote together as a single class with holders of the Company’s Class A Stock on all matters properly submitted to a vote of the stockholders. Shares of Class B Stock may be issued only to InnoHold, their respective successors and assigns, as well as any permitted transferees of InnoHold. A holder of Class B Stock may transfer shares of Class B Stock to any transferee (other than the Company) only if such holder also simultaneously transfers an equal number of such holder’s Purple LLC Class B units to such transferee in compliance with the Second Purple LLC Agreement. Additionally, InnoHold agreed to restrictions on certain transfers of the Company’s securities which include, subject to certain exceptions, restrictions on the transfer of their common stock from the date of the Business Combination until the earliest of the one-year anniversary of the date of the Business Combination or the occurrence of certain other events. Upon its own terms this transfer restriction expired on February 2, 2019. The Class B Stock is not entitled to receive dividends, if declared by the Board, or to receive any portion of any such assets in respect of their shares upon liquidation, dissolution, distribution of assets or winding-up of the Company in excess of the par value of such stock.

In connection with the Business Combination, approximately 44.1 million shares of Series B Stock were issued to InnoHold as part of the equity consideration. At March 31, 2019, 44.1 million shares of Class B Stock were outstanding, of which 1.2 million shares were held directly by each of Terry and Tony Pearce and 41.6 million shares were held by InnoHold.

Public and Sponsor Warrants

There were 15.5 million public warrants (the “Public Warrants”) issued in connection with GPAC’s formation and IPO and 12.8 million warrants (the “Sponsor Warrants”), issued pursuant to a private placement simultaneously with the IPO. Each of the Company’s warrants entitles the registered holder to purchase one-half of one share of the Company’s Class A Stock at a price of $5.75 per half share ($11.50 per full share), subject to adjustment pursuant to the terms of the warrant agreement. Pursuant to the warrant agreement, a warrant holder may exercise its warrants only for a whole number of shares of the Class A Stock. For example, if a warrant holder holds one warrant to purchase one-half of one share of Class A Stock, such warrant will not be exercisable. If a warrant holder holds two warrants, such warrants will be exercisable for one share of the Class A Stock. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle any warrant. The warrants have a five-year term which commenced on March 2, 2018, 30 days after the completion of the Business Combination, and will expire on February 2, 2023, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company may call the warrants for redemption if the reported last sale price of the Class A Stock equals or exceeds $24.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders; provided, however, that the Sponsor Warrants are not redeemable by the Company so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees. In addition, with respect to the Sponsor Warrants, so long as such Sponsor Warrants are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferee, the holder may elect to exercise the Sponsor Warrants on a cashless basis, by surrendering their Sponsor Warrants for that number of shares of Class A Stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Class A Stock underlying the Sponsor Warrants, multiplied by the difference between the exercise price of the Sponsor Warrants and the “fair market value” (defined below), by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” means the average reported last sale price of the Class A Stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of warrant exercise is sent to the warrant agent. All other terms, rights and obligations of the Sponsor Warrants remain the same as the Public Warrants. Both the Public and Sponsor Warrants are classified as equity instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

From the time of GPAC’s IPO up to the Business Combination with Purple LLC, GPAC had 28.3 million warrants outstanding. At March 31, 2019, all 28.3 million warrants remain outstanding.

Incremental Loan Warrants

In connection with the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Company issued to CCP and Blackwell, as the Incremental Lenders funding the Incremental Loan, 2.6 million Incremental Loan Warrants to purchase 2.6 million shares of the Company’s Class A Stock. Each Incremental Loan Warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one share of the Company’s Class A Stock at a price of $5.74 per share, subject to adjustment pursuant to the terms of the warrant agreement. The Incremental Loan Warrants have a five-year term and will expire on February 26, 2024, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company may call the warrants for redemption at a price of $0.01 per Share of Class A Stock if the reported last sale price of the Class A Stock equals or exceeds $24.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders. If the Company calls the Incremental Loan Warrants for redemption, it will have the option to require the holder to exercise the Incremental Loan Warrants on a cashless basis, by surrendering their Incremental Loan Warrants for that number of shares of Class A Stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Class A Stock underlying the Incremental Loan Warrants, multiplied by the difference between the exercise price of the Sponsor Warrants and the “fair market value” (defined below), by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” means the average reported last sale price of the Class A Stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of Incremental Loan Warrants.

In the event of a “fundamental transaction” as defined in the warrant agreement, the holder will have the right to purchase and receive the same kind and amount of consideration receivable by the stockholders of the Company upon the occurrence of such fundamental transaction. The warrant agreement requires the Company to cause the surviving company in a fundamental transaction, to assume the obligations of the Company under the Incremental Loan Warrants. In addition, a clause in the Incremental Loan Warrant Agreement states, upon the occurrence of a fundamental transaction, that the holders of the Incremental Loan Warrants may elect to either (i) have the exercise price of the warrant reduced by the Black-Scholes value of the Incremental Loan Warrants (as set forth in the Incremental Loan Warrants Agreement) or (ii) cause the Company or its successor to repurchase all or a portion of the Incremental Loan Warrants at the Black-Scholes value (as set forth in the Incremental Loan Warrants). As a result of this clause, the Incremental Loan Warrants embody an obligation to repurchase the Company’s equity shares, or is indexed to such an obligation, and may require the Company to settle the obligation by transferring assets. As such, the Incremental Loan Warrants are classified as liabilities under ASC 480 - Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity .

Preferred Stock

The Company has 5.0 million shares of preferred stock authorized at a par value of $0.0001 per share. The preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The directors are expressly authorized to provide for the issuance of shares of the preferred stock in one or more series and to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series and to fix the voting rights, designations and other special rights or restrictions. At March 31, 2019, there were no shares of preferred stock outstanding.

Noncontrolling Interest

NCI represents the membership interest held in Purple LLC by holders other than the Company. On February 2, 2018, upon the close of the Business Combination, and at March 31, 2019, InnoHold’s and other Purple LLC Class B Unit holders’ combined NCI percentage in Purple LLC was approximately 82%. The Company has consolidated the financial position and results of operations of Purple LLC and reflected the proportionate interest held by all such Purple LLC Class B Unit holders as NCI.

14. Income Taxes

The Company’s sole material asset is Purple LLC, which is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and for purposes of certain state and local income taxes. Purple LLC’s net taxable income and any related tax credits are passed through to its members and are included in the members’ tax returns, even though such net taxable income or tax credits may not have actually been distributed. While the Company consolidates Purple LLC for financial reporting purposes, the Company will be taxed on its share of future earnings of Purple LLC not attributed to the NCI holder, InnoHold, which will continue to bear its share of income tax on its allocable future earnings of Purple LLC. The income tax burden on the earnings taxed to the NCI is not reported by the Company in its condensed consolidated financial statements under GAAP. As a result, the Company’s effective tax rate differs materially from the statutory rate.

As of March 31, 2019, the Company has a full valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, including the deferred tax assets recorded in connection with the Business Combination and generated under the Tax Receivable Agreement described below, management determined that it was more likely than not that its net deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible and consideration of tax-planning strategies. Considering these factors, a valuation allowance was recorded in the year ended December 31, 2018, and the Company continues to be in a full valuation allowance position for the period ended March 31, 2019.

The Company currently estimates its annual effective income tax rate to be 0%. The effective tax rate for Purple Inc. differs from the federal rate of 21% primarily due to (1) a full valuation allowance, (2) NCI in Purple LLC that is allocated to InnoHold and (3) various other items such as limitations on meals and entertainment, certain stock compensation and other costs.

No current income tax liability was recorded as a result of the Business Combination since its legal form was treated as a purchase of interests or assets in a non-taxable pass through partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes such that the Company did not assume an existing tax obligation on the purchased assets. The excess of the Company’s tax basis in its investment in Purple LLC over its book carrying value in this investment resulted in a deferred tax asset that may reduce certain income tax payments in the future. This deferred tax asset encompasses the basis increase in the assets of Purple LLC as a result of the Business Combination and Tax Receivable Agreement as well as the Company’s share of Purple LLC’s unrecognized temporary timing differences between book and tax. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a deferred tax asset of $9.5 million related to this initial outside basis difference, with an offsetting effect recorded in additional paid in capital. As noted above, due to uncertainties relating to the realization of the outside basis difference deferred tax asset, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance in 2018, with an offsetting effect recorded in additional paid in capital, such that the net effect to additional paid in capital was zero.

In connection with the Business Combination the Company entered into the Tax Receivable Agreement with the NCI holder, InnoHold, which provides for the payment by the Company to InnoHold of 80% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that the Company actually realizes (or is deemed to realize in certain circumstances) in periods after the Closing as a result of (i) any tax basis increases in the assets of Purple LLC resulting from the distribution to InnoHold of the cash consideration, (ii) the tax basis increases in the assets of Purple LLC resulting from the redemption by Purple LLC or the exchange by the Company, as applicable, of Class B Paired Securities or cash, as applicable, and (iii) imputed interest deemed to be paid by the Company as a result of, and additional tax basis arising from, payments it makes under the Tax Receivable Agreement. As realization of the tax benefit related to the Business Combination is not currently deemed probable, no liability under the Tax Receivable Agreement has been recognized in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

In the future, if and when InnoHold exercises its right to exchange or cause Purple LLC to redeem all or a portion of its Class B Units, a liability under the Tax Receivable Agreement (a “TRA Liability”) may be recorded based on 80% of the estimated future cash tax savings that the Company may realize as a result of increases in the basis of the assets of Purple LLC attributed to the Company as a result of such exchange or redemption. The amount of the increase in asset basis, the related estimated cash tax savings and the attendant TRA Liability to be recorded will depend on the price of the Company’s Class A Stock at the time of the relevant redemption or exchange. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the amount and timing of future redemptions of Class B Paired Securities by InnoHold and uncertainty about the ability of the Company to realize net cash savings, the Company does not believe it is appropriate to record a TRA Liability related to future exchanges until such time that InnoHold exercises its right to cause Class B Paired Securities to be exchanged or converted into the Company’s Class A Stock or cash and the Company believes that the associated tax benefits are more-likely-than-not to result in net cash savings. 

The Company is treated as acquiring historical net deferred tax assets of GPAC of approximately $0.3 million in the Business Combination. These deferred tax assets, including those to be recorded in connection with the Business Combination, the Tax Receivable Agreement and for net operating loss carryforwards generated in 2019, are offset by a valuation allowance such that no net deferred tax assets are presently recorded on the financial statements, as the Company does not presently believe that the deferred tax assets are more likely than not realizable.

The effects of uncertain tax positions are recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements if these positions meet a “more-likely-than-not” threshold. For those uncertain tax positions that are recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements, liabilities are established to reflect the portion of those positions it cannot conclude “more-likely-than-not” to be realized upon ultimate settlement. As of March 31, 2019, no uncertain tax positions were recognized as liabilities in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

15. Net Loss Per Common Share

The Business Combination was structured similar to a reverse recapitalization by which the Company issued stock for the net assets of Purple LLC accompanied by a recapitalization. Earnings per share has been recast for all historical periods to reflect the Company’s capital structure of all comparative periods.

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding and earnings per share for the periods presented (in thousands, except per share amounts):

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company excluded 1.3 million shares of issued Class A common stock subject to vesting and 17.7 million shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of certain Company warrants and stock options as the effect was anti-dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company excluded 1.3 million shares of issued common stock subject to vesting and 14.2 million shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Company’s warrants as the effect was anti-dilutive.

16. Equity Compensation Plans

2017 Equity Incentive Plan

The Purple Innovation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Incentive Plan”) provides for grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and other stock-based awards. Directors, officers and other employees and subsidiaries and affiliates, as well as others performing consulting or advisory services for the Company and its subsidiaries, will be eligible for grants under the 2017 Incentive Plan. The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock which may be issued or used for reference purposes under the 2017 Incentive Plan or with respect to which awards may be granted may not exceed 4.1 million shares. The Company has filed a Form S-8 to register 4.1 million shares of Class A Stock authorized for issuance under the 2017 Incentive Plan. As of March 31, 2019, approximately 3.7 million shares remain available under the 2017 Incentive Plan.

Employee Stock Options

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company granted 0.3 million stock options under the Company’s 2017 Equity Incentive Plan to John Legg, the Company’s Chief Operating Officer. The stock options have an exercise price of $5.95 per option that expire in five years and vest over a four-year period. The estimated fair value of the stock options, less expected forfeitures, is amortized over the options vesting period on a straight-line basis. The Company determined the value of the 0.3 million options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019 to be $0.4 million which will be expensed over the vesting period of four years.

The following are the assumptions used in calculating the fair value of the total stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019 using the Black-Scholes method:

The following table summarizes the Company’s total stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019:

Outstanding and exercisable stock options as of March 31, 2019 are as follows:

The estimated fair value of the Company stock options, less expected forfeitures, is amortized over the options vesting period on the straight-line basis. The Company recognized $0.1 million in stock-based compensation expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, there was $1.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost with a remaining vesting period of 3.6 years. There were no stock options awarded or outstanding as of March 31, 2018.

InnoHold Incentive Units

In January 2017, pursuant to the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan approved by InnoHold and Purple LLC that authorized the issuance of 12.0 million incentive units, Purple LLC granted 11.3 million incentive units to Purple Team LLC, an entity for the benefit of certain employees who were participants in that plan.

In conjunction with the Business Combination, Purple Team LLC was merged into InnoHold with InnoHold being the surviving entity and the Purple Team LLC incentive units were cancelled and new incentive units were issued by InnoHold under its own limited liability company agreement (the “InnoHold Agreement”), which is considered a modification for accounting purposes. Under the revised terms of the incentive units granted under the InnoHold Agreement, the holders are only eligible to participate in InnoHold’s distributions, if any, after the distribution threshold of approximately $135.0 million is met and in accordance with the same vesting schedule that had existed at the time of the initial grant. The $135.0 million threshold is considered a performance condition. Under the terms of the new incentive units, holders may participate in tax and discretionary distributions once the remaining threshold is met. As of March 31, 2019, the remaining threshold is approximately $96.6 million.

On February 8, 2019, InnoHold initiated a tender offer to each of these participants of incentive units in InnoHold to distribute to each a pro rata number of the paired Class B Units of Purple LLC and Class B Stock of Purple Inc. held by InnoHold in exchange for the cancellation of their ownership interests in InnoHold. The InnoHold incentive unit holders are current and former employees of Purple LLC who had received equity incentive grants prior to the Business Combination through a separate entity. All InnoHold incentive unit holders accepted the offer, and each transaction is expected to close sometime in the second quarter of 2019. As of the closing of the tender offer, those employees of Purple LLC prior to the Business Combination will be distributed and then will directly hold paired Purple LLC Class B Units and Purple Inc. Class B Stock, which is anticipated to reduce the amount of such Paired Securities held by InnoHold from 41.6 million shares to 39.1 million shares. This transfer will result in the recognition of stock compensation expense for Purple LLC. These transactions will not be dilutive to any stockholder holding or having rights to purchase the Company’s Class A Stock.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company has not recorded any expenses related to the incentive units, as the achievement of the performance condition was not yet deemed probable.

The following table summarizes the total incentive unit activity granted first by Purple Team LLC and then continued through InnoHold for the benefit of the Company:

17. Employee Retirement Plan

In July 2018 the Company established a 401(k) plan that qualifies as a deferred compensation arrangement under Section 401 of the IRS Code. All eligible employees over the age of 18 and with 4 months’ service are eligible to participate in the plan. The plan provides for Company matching of employee contributions up to 5% of eligible earnings. Company contributions immediately vest. The Company matching contribution expense was $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

18. Subsequent Events

In April 2019, the Company entered into a capital lease agreement for the lease of certain warehouse equipment valued at $0.4 million. The lease is for a 72-month period and includes a bargain purchase option at the end of the lease.