NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Muliang Agritech, Inc. formerly known as M & A Holding Corporation. (“Muliang Agritech”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on November 5, 2014. Muliang Agritech’s core business activities of developing, manufacturing, and selling organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers for use in agricultural industry are conducted through several indirectly owned subsidiaries in China.

On June 9, 2016, Muliang Agritech filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, changing its name from “M & A Holding Corporation,” to “Mullan Agritech, Inc.”

On July 11, 2016, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) effected in the marketplace the change of the corporate name from “M & A Holding Corporation,” to “Mullan Agritech, Inc.”, and effective on such date.

On April 4, 2019, the Company changed its corporate name from “Mullan Agritech Inc.” to “Muliang Agritech Inc.” The name change took effect on May 7, 2019. In connection with the name change, our stock symbol changed to “MULG”. Muliang Agritech trades under its new name, Muliang Agritech, Inc.

History

Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd. (referred to herein as “Muliang Industry”) was incorporated in PRC on December 7, 2006 as a limited liability company, owned 95% by Lirong Wang and 5% by Zongfang Wang. Muliang Industry through its own operations and its subsidiaries is engaged in the business of developing, manufacturing, and selling organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers for use in the agricultural industry.

On May 27, 2013, Muliang Industry entered into and consummated an equity purchase agreement whereby it acquired 99% of the outstanding equity of Weihai Fukang Bio-Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (“Fukang”), a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. Fukang was incorporated in Weihai City, Shandong Province on January 6, 2009. Fukang is focused on the distribution of organic fertilizers and the development of new bio-organic fertilizers. As a result of the completion of the transaction, Fukang became a 99% owned subsidiary of Muliang Industry, with the remaining 1% equity interest owned by Mr. Hui Song.

On July 11, 2013, Muliang Industry established a wholly owned subsidiary, Shanghai Muliang Agritech Development Co., Ltd. (“Agritech Development”) in Shanghai, China. On November 6, 2013, Muliang Industry sold 40% of the outstanding equity of Agritech Development to Mr. Jianping Zhang for consideration of approximately $65,000 or RMB 400,000. Agritech Development does not currently conduct any operations.

On July 17, 2013, Muliang Industry entered into an equity purchase agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding equity of Shanghai Zongbao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd. (“Zongbao”) with consideration of approximately $3.2 million or RMB 20 million, effectively becoming the wholly-owned subsidiary of Muliang Industry. Zongbao was incorporated in Shanghai on January 25, 2008. Zongbao processes and distributes organic fertilizers. Zongbao wholly owns, Shanghai Zongbao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd. Cangzhou Branch (“Zongbao Cangzhou”).

On August 21, 2014, Muliang Agricultural Limited (“Muliang HK”) was incorporated in Hong Kong as an investment holding company.

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NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

January 27, 2015, Muliang HK incorporated a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, Shanghai Mufeng Investment Consulting Co., Ltd (“Shanghai Mufeng”), in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”).

On July 8, 2015, Muliang Agritech entered into certain stock purchase agreement with Muliang Agriculture, Inc., pursuant to which Muliang Agritech, for a consideration of $5,000, acquired 100% interest in Muliang HK and its wholly-owned subsidiary Shanghai Mufeng. Both Muliang HK and Shanghai Mufeng are controlled by the Company’s sole officer and director, Lirong Wang.

On July 23, 2015, Muliang Industry established a wholly owned subsidiary, Shanghai Muliang Agricultural Sales Co., Ltd. (“Muliang Sales”) in Shanghai, China.

On September 3, 2015, Muliang Agritech effected a split of its outstanding common stock resulting in an aggregate of 150,525,000 shares outstanding of which 120,000,000 were owned by Chenxi Shi the founder of Muliang Agritech and its sole officer and director. The remaining 30,525,000 were held by a total of 39 investors.

On January 11, 2016, Muliang Agritech issued 129,475,000 shares of its common stock to Lirong Wang for an aggregate consideration of $64,737.50. On the same date, Chenxi Shi, the sole officer and director of Muliang Agritech on that date, transferred 120,000,000 shares of the common stock of the Company held by him to Lirong Wang for $800 pursuant to a transfer agreement.

On February 10, 2016, Shanghai Mufeng entered into a set of contractual agreements known as Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) Agreements, including (1) Exclusive Technical Consulting and Service Agreement, (2) Equity Pledge Agreement, and (3) Call Option Cooperation Agreement, with Muliang Industry, and its Principal Shareholders. As a result of the Stock Purchase Agreement and the set of VIE Agreements, Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd., along with its consolidated subsidiaries, became entities controlled by Muliang Agritech whereby Muliang Agritech would derive all substantial economic benefit generated by Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries.

As a result, Muliang Agritech has a direct wholly-owned subsidiary, Muliang HK and an indirectly wholly owned subsidiary Shanghai Mufeng. Through its VIE Agreements, Muliang Agritech exercises control over Muliang Industry. Muliang Industry has two wholly-owned subsidiaries (Zongbao and Muliang Sales), one 99% owned subsidiary (Fukang), one 60% owned subsidiary (Agritech Development), and one indirectly wholly owned subsidiary Zongbao Cangzhou.

On June 6, 2016, Muliang Industry established a wholly-owned subsidiary, namely, Muliang (Ningling) Bio-chemical Fertilizer Co. Ltd (“Ningling Fertilizer”) in Henan Province, the central plain of China. On October 12, 2017, the Company ceased operation of Ningling Fertilizer and deregistered Ningling Fertilizer with the Administration for Industry and Commerce as the Land use right was not approved by the government. The Company closed Ningling Fertilizer with net assets of $2,275 and accumulated deficit of $34,739 as of October 12, 2017. The ceased operation does not constitute a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our operations or financial results and as such, the disposal is not classified as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements.

On July 7, 2016, Muliang Industry established a subsidiary, namely, Zhonglian Huinong (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd (“Zhonglian”) in Beijing City, China. Muliang Industry owns 65% shares of Zhonglian, and a third-party company, Zhongrui Huilian (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd owns the other 35% shares. Zhonglian has no operating activity as of December 31, 2018. 

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NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

On October 27, 2016, Muliang Industry established a subsidiary, namely, Yunnan Muliang Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd (“Yunnan Muliang”) in Yunnan Province, China. Muliang Industry owns 55% shares of Yunnan Muliang, and a third-party company, Shuangbai County Development Investment Co., Ltd. owns the other 45% shares. On December 8, 2018, Muliang Industry acquired 25% of the shares of Yunnan Muliang with a consideration of $727,125 (RMB5,000,000) from Shuangbai County Development Investment Co., Ltd. And the other 20% of the shares were acquired by Lirong Wang. Yunnan Muliang was setup for goat slaughtering and processing project located in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, PRC.

On March 21, 2019, Muliang Industry established a subsidiary, namely, Heilongjiang suistraw Biotechnology Co., Ltd (“Heilongjiang”) in Heilongjian Province,China. Muliang Industry owns 51% shares of Heilongjiang, Mr Lirong Wang owns 39% shares, and a third-party individual owns the other 10% shares. Heilongjiang was established to develope the organic fertilizer business in the northeast of China.

On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved a 5 to 1 reverse stock split of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, change of corporate name from “Mullan Agritech Inc.” to “Muliang Agritech Inc.”, and creation of one hundred million (100,000,000) shares of Blank Check Preferred Stock.

On April 5, 2019, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the Name Change and to authorize the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock. As a result, the capital stock of the Company consists of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, and 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, $0.0001 par value.

On April 16, 2019, we filed a Certificate of Change to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the reverse stock split. Any fractional shares are to be rounded up to whole shares. The reverse stock split does not affect the par value or the number of authorized shares of common stock of the Company.

The reverse stock split and the name change took effect on May 7, 2019.

Muliang Agritech, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Yunnan Muliang, and Zhonglian are referred to as subsidiaries the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”, “we” and “us”, unless specific reference is made to an entity.

The consolidated financial statements were prepared assuming that the Company has controlled Muliang HK and its intermediary holding companies, operating subsidiaries, and variable interest entities: Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Heilongjiang, and Agritech Development, from the first period presented. The transactions detailed above have been accounted for as reverse takeover transaction and a recapitalization of the Company; accordingly, the Company (the legal acquirer) is considered the accounting acquiree and Muliang HK (the legal acquiree) is considered the accounting acquirer. No goodwill has been recorded. As a result of this transaction, the Company is deemed to be a continuation of the business of Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, and Muliang Industry.

Liquidity and Going Concern

As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, we had net accumulated deficit of $9,515,988 and $11,773,401 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Our cash balances as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were $6,302 and $12,778, respectively. We had current liabilities of $11,577,224 and $13,263,248 at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, which would be due within the next 12 months. In addition, we had a working capital deficit of $3,213,688 and $7,119,118 at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The company plans to continue its expansion and investments, which will require continued improvements in revenue, net income, and cash flows.

The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company’s ability to further implement its business plan, raise additional capital, and generate more revenues. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

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NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP. The basis of accounting differs from that used in the statutory accounts of the Company, which are prepared in accordance with the accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). The differences between US GAAP and PRC GAAP have been adjusted in these consolidated financial statements. The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”). 

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) applicable to interim financial information and the requirements of Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosure required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods have been included. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, as not all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for annual financial statements are presented. The interim financial statements follow the same accounting policies and methods of computations as the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Accordingly, actual results may differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include the useful lives of property and equipment, land use rights, assumptions used in assessing collectability of receivables and impairment for long-term assets.

Principles of Consolidation

Muliang Agritech consolidates the following entities, including wholly-owned subsidiaries, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, and its wholly controlled variable interest entities, Muliang Industry, and Zhongbao, 60% controlled Agritech Development, 99% controlled Fukang, 65% controlled Zhonglian, 80% controlled Yunnan Muliang and 51% controlled Heilongjiang. The 40% equity interest holder of Agritech Development, 1% equity interest holders in Fukang, 35% equity interest holders in Zhonglian, 20% interest in Yunnan Muliang and 49% equity interest in Heilongjiang are accounted as non-controlling interest in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The variable interest entities consolidated for which the Company is deemed the primary beneficiary. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

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NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less and money market accounts to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash with various financial institutions.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses. The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, a customer’s historical payment history, its current credit-worthiness and current economic trends. Accounts are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection.

Inventories

Inventories, consisting of raw materials, work in process and finished goods related to the Company’s products are stated at the lower of cost or market utilizing the weighted average method.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Plant and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in income in the year of disposition. The Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of fixed assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable.

Included in property and equipment is construction-in-progress which consisted of factory improvements and machinery pending installation and includes the costs of construction, machinery and equipment, and any interest charges arising from borrowings used to finance these assets during the period of construction or installation of the assets. No provision for depreciation is made on construction-in-progress until such time as the relevant assets are completed and ready for their intended use.

Estimated useful lives of the Company’s assets are as follows:

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NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

The apple orchard includes rental for an apple farm, labor cost, fertilizers, apple seeds, apple seedlings and others. The costs to purchase and cultivate apple trees and the expenditures related to labor and materials to plant apple trees until they become commercially productive are capitalized, which require a two-year period. The estimated production life for apple tree is 10 years, and the costs are depreciated without a residual value. Expenses incurred maintaining apple trees during the growth cycle until seedling apple trees or grafted varieties are fruited are capitalized into inventory and included in Work in Process—apple orchard, a component of inventories.

Depreciation expenses pertaining to apple trees will be included in inventory costs for those apples to be sold and ultimately become a component of cost of goods sold. Similar to other assets, the failure of our apple trees to be serviceable over the entirety of their anticipated useful lives or to be sold at their anticipated residual value will negatively impact our operating results.

Intangible Assets

Included in the intangible assets are land use rights. According to the laws of the PRC, the government owns all the land in the PRC. Companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use the land only through land use rights granted by the Chinese government. Intangible assets are being amortized using the straight-line method over their lease terms or estimated useful life.

Estimated useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:

The Company carries intangible assets at cost less accumulated amortization. In accordance with US GAAP, the Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of intangible assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable. The Company computes amortization using the straight-line method over estimated useful life of 50 years for the land use rights.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

In accordance with ASC Topic 360, the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable, or at least annually. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its book value. The Company recorded no impairment charge for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. 

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NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Advances from Customers

Advances from customers consist of prepayments from customers for merchandise that had not yet been shipped. The Company will recognize the deposits as revenue as customers take delivery of the goods and title to the assets is transferred to customers in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy.

Non-controlling Interest

Non-controlling interests in the Company’s subsidiaries are recorded in accordance with the provisions of ASC 810 and are reported as a component of equity, separate from the parent’s equity. Purchase or sale of equity interests that do not result in a change of control are accounted for as equity transactions. Results of operations attributable to the non-controlling interest are included in our consolidated results of operations and, upon loss of control, the interest sold, as well as interest retained, if any, will be reported at fair value with any gain or loss recognized in earnings.

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method. Results for the reporting period beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under Topic 605.

Management has determined that the adoption of ASC 606 did not impact the Company’s previously reported financial statements in any prior period nor did it result in a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings.

Revenue for sale of products is derived from contracts with customers, which primarily include the sale of fertilizer products and environmental protection equipment. The Company’s sales arrangements do not contain variable consideration. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time based on management’s evaluation of when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied and control of the products has been transferred to the customer. For vast majority of the Company’s product sales, the performance obligations and control of the products transfer to the customer when products are delivered, and customer acceptance is made.

Pursuant to the guidance of ASC Topic 840, rent shall be reported as income by lessors over the lease term as it becomes receivable. The Company currently leased part of the building of the Shanghai new plant to third parties as warehouse. The Company recognizes building leasing revenue over the beneficial period described by the agreement, as the revenue is realized or realizable and earned. 

The Company recognized rental income from leasing a portion of its manufacturing facility located in Shanghai to third parties. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, rental income of $181,478 and $302,699 were recognized as other income.

Cost of Sales

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of raw materials, utility and supply costs consumed in the manufacturing process, manufacturing labor, depreciation expense and direct overhead expenses necessary to manufacture finished goods as well as warehousing and distribution costs such as inbound freight charges, shipping and handling costs, purchasing and receiving costs.

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NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of Section 740-10-30 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, which is an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements or tax returns.

The Company is subject to the Enterprise Income Tax law (“EIT”) of the People’s Republic of China. The Company’s operations in producing and selling fertilizers are subject to the 25% enterprise income tax.

Related Parties

Parties are related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) comprised of net income (loss) and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders. The Company’s comprehensive income (loss) consist of net income (loss) and unrealized gains from foreign currency translation adjustments.

Reclassification

Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on net earnings or financial position.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”). Results of operations and cash flows are translated at average exchange rates during the period, assets and liabilities are translated at the unified exchange rate at the end of the period, and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. As a result, amounts relating to assets and liabilities reported on the statements of cash flows may not necessarily agree with the changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in determining comprehensive income/loss. The translation adjustment for nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were loss of $399,663 and gain of $91,291, respectively. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date with any transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred.

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NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

All of the Company’s revenue transactions are transacted in the functional currency. The Company does not enter into any material transaction in foreign currencies. Transaction gains or losses have not had, and are not expected to have, a material effect on the results of operations of the Company.

Asset and liability accounts at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were translated at 7.1388 RMB to $1 USD and 6.8764 RMB to $1 USD, respectively, which were the exchange rates on the balance sheet dates. The average translation rates applied to the statements of income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were 6.8539 RMB and 6.5137 RMB to $1 USD, respectively.

Earnings (Loss) per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted earnings per share gives effect to all dilutive potential of shares of common stock outstanding during the period including stock options or warrants, using the treasury stock method (by using the average stock price for the period to determine the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants), and convertible debt or convertible preferred stock, using the if-converted method. Earnings per share excludes all potential dilutive shares of common stock if their effect is anti-dilutive. There were no potential dilutive securities at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company adopted the guidance of ASC Topic 820 for fair value measurements which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.

Level 2-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3-Inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventories, advances to suppliers, prepaid expenses, short-term loans, accounts payable, accrued expenses, advances from customers, VAT and service taxes payable and income taxes payable approximate their fair market value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments.

ASC Topic 825-10 “Financial Instruments” allows entities to voluntarily choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (fair value option). The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable, unless a new election date occurs. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized gains and losses for that instrument should be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The Company did not elect to apply the fair value option to any outstanding instruments.

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Government Contribution Plan

Pursuant to the laws applicable to PRC law, the Company is required to participate in a government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain retirement, medical and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require the Company to pay to the local labor bureau a monthly contribution at a stated contribution rate based on the monthly basic compensation of qualified employees. The relevant local labor bureau is responsible for meeting all retirement benefit obligations; the Company has no further commitments beyond its monthly contribution.

Statutory Reserve

Pursuant to the laws applicable to the PRC, the Company must make appropriations from after-tax profit to the non-distributable “statutory surplus reserve fund”. Subject to certain cumulative limits, the “statutory surplus reserve fund” requires annual appropriations of 10% of after-tax profit until the aggregated appropriations reach 50% of the registered capital (as determined under accounting principles generally accepted in the PRC (“PRC GAAP”) at each year-end). For foreign invested enterprises and joint ventures in the PRC, annual appropriations should be made to the “reserve fund”. For foreign invested enterprises, the annual appropriation for the “reserve fund” cannot be less than 10% of after-tax profits until the aggregated appropriations reach 50% of the registered capital (as determined under PRC GAAP at each year-end). If the Company has accumulated loss from prior periods, the Company is able to use the current period net income after tax to offset against the accumulate loss.

Segment Information

The standard, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” codified with ASC-280, requires certain financial and supplementary information to be disclosed on an annual and interim basis for each reportable segment of an enterprise. The Company believes that it operates in two business segments and in one geographical segment (China), as all of the Company’s current operations are carried in China.

Recent Accounting Pronouncement

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) issued guidance, which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment. The updated guidance eliminates Step 2 of the impairment test, which requires entities to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value.

In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance, which amended the existing accounting standards for business combinations. The amendments clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.

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NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the concepts in FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting—Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impacts of ASU 2018-13 on its consolidated financial statements.

The Company believes that there were no other accounting standards recently issued that had or are expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

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The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. After evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company did not recognize bad debt allowance expense both for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

The Company did not recognize loss from inventory impairment for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

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(Unaudited)

NOTE 5 – PREPAYMENT

The prepayment balance of $1,407,749 as of September 30, 2019 mainly represents the advanced payment for the construction of the black goat slaughtering and processing project located in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, PRC. The remaining balance represents the advance to the suppliers for business purpose.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, depreciation expense amounted to $636,027 and $1,083,605, respectively. Depreciation is not taken during the period of construction or equipment installation. Upon completion of the installation of manufacturing equipment or any construction in progress, construction in progress balances will be classified to their respective property and equipment category.

The construction in progress of $397,270 represents the investment of a black goat processing plant located in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, PRC.

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NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, amortization of intangible assets amounted to $94,816 and $45,202, respectively.

Deferred taxation is calculated under the liability method in respect of taxation effect arising from all timing differences, which are expected with reasonable probability to realize in the foreseeable future. The Company’s subsidiary registered in the PRC is subject to income taxes within the PRC at the applicable tax rate.

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NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 9 – LOANS PAYABLE

Short-term loan of $150,515 due to Shanghai Jinshan Limin Micro Loan Co., Ltd. was fully repaid on April 12, 2019.

Current portion of long-term loans amounted to $4,188,379 representing balance due to Agricultural Bank of China, with an annual interest rate of 5.70% + (HongkongInterBank Offered Rate (“HIBOR”)). This loan was collateralized with land use rights and guaranteed by Mr. Lirong Wang, the CEO. 

Long-term loans represent amounts due to lenders that are due in more than one year, whose balance was $4,233,161 and $3,454,543 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Long-term loan and current portion of long-term loan consisted of the following: 

As of September 30, 2019, the Company’s future loan obligations according to the terms of the loan agreement are as follows:

The Company recognized interest expenses of $270,544 and $326,400 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

MULIANG AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 10 – STOCKHOLDERS DEFICIT

Authorized Stock

The Company has authorized 500,000,000 common shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share.  Each common share entitles the holder to one vote, in person or proxy, on any matter on which action of the stockholders of the corporation is sought.

On April 5, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock. As a result, the capital stock of the Company consists of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, and 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock as of March 31, 2019.

Common Share Issuances

On June 29, 2018, the outstanding amount $326,348 due to Mr. Wang, CEO and Chairman of the Company, were converted into 43,200 shares of Common Shares at $ 7.55 per share.

On June 29, 2018 the Company issued 298,518 common shares of the Company at $7.55 for proceeds of $2,255,111 to Mr. Wang, CEO and Chairman of the Company.

On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved a 5 to 1 reverse stock split of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). No fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued as a result of the reverse stock split. The Stock Split does not affect the par value or the number of authorized shares of common stock of the Company.

On April 16, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Change to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the Reverse stock Split. The reverse stock split took effect on May 7, 2019 The common shares outstanding have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse stock split.

On October 10, 2019 and November 1, 2019, the Company issued a total of 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, in exchange for 19,000,000 shares of common stock beneficially owned by him. Following the transaction, 19,000,000 shares of common stock were cancelled and returned to treasury.

As of the date of this report, there were 37,341,954 shares of common stock outstanding.

As a result of the Reverse Stock Split and cancellation of common stock, the total issued and outstanding shares of common stock for the Company is 37,341,954 as of the filling date.

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NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 10 – STOCKHOLDERS DEFICIT (CONTINUED)

Blank Check Preferred Stock

On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved creation of one hundred million (100,000,000) shares of Blank Check Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value. To the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, as the same now exists or may hereafter be amended or supplemented, the Board of Directors may fix and determine the designations, rights, preferences or other variations of each class or series within each class of preferred stock of the Company. The Company may issue the shares of stock for such consideration as may be fixed by the Board of Directors.

On April 5, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to authorize the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock.

Series A Preferred Stock

On October 30, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved to design 30,000,000 shares as Series A Preferred Stock, which the preferences and relative and other rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, shall be set forth in the discussion below under the “Series A Preferred Stock”. A certificate of designation for the Series A Preferred Stock was filed with the Secretary of the State of the State of Nevada on October 30, 2019.

The holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to receive dividends of any kind.

The Series A Preferred Stock shall not be subject to conversion into Common Stock or other equity authorized to be issued by the Corporation.

The holders of the issued and outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have voting rights equal to ten (10) shares of Common Stock for each share of Series A Preferred Stock.

On  October 10, 2019 and November 1, 2019, the Company issued a total of 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, in exchange for 19,000,000 shares of common stock beneficially owned by him. Following the transaction, 19,000,000 shares of common stock were cancelled and returned to treasury.

As of the date of this report, there were 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued outstanding.

MULIANG AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 11 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Ms. Hui Song was the Company’s former sales director. In 2013, Ms. Hui Song resigned from the Company and no longer had any significant control or influence over the Company; therefore, she was no longer considered a related party. Jilin Jiliang Zongbao Biological Technology Co., Ltd., an entity controlled by Ms. Hui Song, and Yantai Zongbao Tele-Agriculture Service Co., Ltd., a related company of Ms. Hui Song, were also no longer considered as related parties of the Company.

*Accounts receivable from and sales to Ms. Hui Song and her associated company

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company did not sell any products to Ms. Hui Song and her associated company.

The Company sold fertilizer manufacturing equipment to Jilin Jiliang Zongbao Biological Technology Co., Ltd., in the amount of $167,524, with related cost of $104,973 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This transaction was reflected in the revenue and cost of goods sold.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company has account receivable balance of $227,868 and $185,665 from Jilin Jiliang Zongbao Biological Technology Co., Ltd., respectively.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company has account receivable balance of $0 and $61,082 from Yantai Zongbao Tele-Agriculture Service Co., Ltd., respectively. 

*Accounts payable to and purchase from Ms. Hui Song and her associated company

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company purchased fertilizer of $3,077,700 and $2,956,845 from Jilin Jiliang Zongbao Biological Technology Co., Ltd., respectively. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, accounts payable to Jilin Jiliang Zongbao Biological Technology Co., Ltd. was $491,959 and $72,712 respectively.

*Loan from Ms. Hui Song and her associated company

As of September 30, 2019, long-term loan payable balances for Jilin Jiliang Zongbao Biological Technology Co., Ltd. and Ms Hui Song were $778,089 and $257,046, respectively.

As of December 31, 2018, long-term loan payable balances for Jilin Jiliang Zongbao Biological Technology Co., Ltd. and Ms. Hui Song were $807,780 and $266,855, respectively.

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NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 11 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)

*Accounts payable to and purchase from related parties

The Company did not make any purchase from related parties for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

The Company purchased fertilizer manufacturing equipment of $104,973 from Shanghai Aoke Chemicals Co., Ltd. for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Shanghai Aoke Chemicals Co., Ltd. was 95% controlled by Mr. Lirong Wang, the CEO and majority shareholder of the Company. 

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, account payable to Shanghai Aoke Chemicals Co., Ltd. were $112,064 and $116,340 respectively.

*Due to related party

Outstanding balance due to Mr. Lirong Wang and Mr. Guohua Lin below are advances from related parties for working capital of the Company which are due on demand, non-interest bearing, and unsecured, unless further disclosed.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company borrowed $3,028,925 from Mr. Lirong Wang, and repaid $3,726,907.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company borrowed $197,061 from Mr. Guohua Lin, and repaid $106,310.  

On November 8, 2017, the Company borrowed $31,993 from Ms. Xueying Sheng. The loan is unsecured, without maturity, and bears an interest rate of 20%.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company borrowed $45,039 from Ms. Xueying Sheng and repaid $79,878.

The loans from Ms. Xueying Sheng are due on demand, non-interest bearing, and unsecured except the loan disclosed above.

MULIANG AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 12 – CONCENTRATIONS

Customer Concentrations

The following table sets forth information as to each customer that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Supplier Concentrations

The following table sets forth information as to each supplier that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s purchase for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Credit Risks

The Company’s operations are carried out in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environment in the PRC, and by the general state of the PRC’s economy. The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and trade accounts receivable. Substantially all of the Company’s cash is maintained with state-owned banks within the PRC, and none of these deposits are covered by insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any risks on its cash in bank accounts. A significant portion of the Company’s sales are credit sales which are primarily to customers whose ability to pay is dependent upon the industry economics prevailing in these areas; however, concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivables is limited due to generally short payment terms. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers to help further reduce credit risk. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s cash balances by geographic area were as follows:

MULIANG AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES

United States

Muliang Agritech is established in the State of Nevada in the United States and is subject to Nevada State and US Federal tax laws. Muliang Agritech has approximately $102,000 of unused net operating losses (“NOLs”) available for carrying forward to future years for U.S. federal income tax reporting purposes. The benefit from the carry forward of such NOLs will begin expiring during the year ended December 31, 2034. Because United States tax laws limit the time during which NOL carry forwards may be applied against future taxable income, the Company may be unable to take full advantage of its NOLs for federal income tax purposes should the Company generate taxable income. Further, the benefit from utilization of NOL carry forwards could be subject to limitations due to material ownership changes that could occur in the Company as it continues to raise additional capital. Based on such limitations, the Company has significant NOLs for which realization of tax benefits is uncertain.

On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) resulting in significant modifications to existing law. The Company has considered the accounting impact of the effects of the Act during the year ended December 31, 2018 including a reduction in the corporate tax rate from 34% to 21% among other changes.

Hong Kong

Muliang HK is established in Hong Kong and its income is subject to a 16.5% profit tax rate for income sourced within the country. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, Muliang HK did not earn any income derived in Hong Kong, and therefore was not subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax.

China, PRC

Shanghai Mufeng and its subsidiaries Muliang Industry, Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Zhongliang, Heilongjiang and Yunnan Muliang are established in China and its income is subject to income tax rate of 25%.

The reconciliation of effective income tax rate as follows:

The provision for income taxes consists of the following:

MULIANG AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)   

Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes

The tax authority of the PRC government conducts periodic and ad hoc tax filing reviews on business enterprises operating in the PRC after those enterprises complete their relevant tax filings. Therefore, the Company’s PRC entities’ tax filings results are subject to change. It is therefore uncertain as to whether the PRC tax authority may take different views about the Company’s PRC entities’ tax filings, which may lead to additional tax liabilities.

ASC 740 requires recognition and measurement of uncertain income tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” approach. The management evaluated the Company’s tax positions and concluded that no provision for uncertainty in income taxes was necessary as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.