Prior to the Merger, we were a “shell company” (as such term is defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act). As a result of the Merger, we have ceased to be a “shell company.” The information included in this Report constitutes the current “Form 10 information” necessary to satisfy the conditions contained in Rule 144(i)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Report, including the sections entitled “Risk Factors”, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Description of Business”, includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements relate to, among others, our plans, objectives and expectations for our business, operations and financial performance and condition, and can be identified by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “will,” “could,” “project,” “target,” “potential,” “continue” and similar expressions that do not relate solely to historical matters. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s belief and assumptions and on information currently available to management. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, operating results, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described in the section titled “Risk Factors.” Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this prospectus may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, performance, or achievements. We undertake no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this prospectus or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations, except as required by law.

You should read this Report and the documents that we reference in this Report as exhibits with the understanding that our actual future results, performance, and events and circumstances may be materially different from what we expect.

ITEM 1.01 ENTRY INTO A MATERIAL DEFINITIVE AGREEMENT.

The information contained in Item 2.01 below relating to the various agreements described therein is incorporated herein by reference. All descriptions of the agreements described below are qualified in their entirety by reference to the form of the relevant agreement that is filed as an exhibit to this Report and incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 2.01 COMPLETION OF ACQUISITION OR DISPOSITION OF ASSETS.

THE MERGER AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

Merger Agreement

On October 5, 2020, Malo Holdings Corporation, Acquisition Sub and Augmedix entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the “Merger Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, on October 5, 2020 (the “Closing Date”), Acquisition Sub merged with and into Augmedix, with Augmedix continuing as the surviving corporation and our wholly owned subsidiary.

As a result of the Merger, we acquired the business of Augmedix, a provider of remote medical documentation and live clinical support services with a mission to rehumanize the clinician-patient relationship so that doctors can focus on what they do best — patient care. See “Description of Business” below. At the time the certificate of merger reflecting the Merger was filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware (the “Effective Time”), each of Augmedix’s shares of capital stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger was converted into the right to receive (a)  0.420864013 shares of our common stock (the “Common Share Conversion Ratio”) (in the case of shares held by accredited investors) or (b) $3.00 multiplied by the Common Share Conversion Ratio (in the case of shares held by unaccredited investors and those with an entitlement to shares of Augmedix’s capital stock), with the maximum number of shares of our common stock issuable to the former holders of Augmedix’s capital stock equal to 15,458,133 after adjustments due to rounding for fractional shares. Immediately prior to the Effective Time, an aggregate of 2,833,333 shares of our common stock owned by the stockholders of Malo Holdings Corporation prior to the Merger were forfeited and cancelled (the “Stock Forfeiture”).

In addition, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, (i) options to purchase 10,011,161 shares of Augmedix’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger under Augmedix’s 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Augmedix Plan”) were assumed and converted into options to purchase 4,213,153 shares of our common stock, (ii) stock appreciation rights to purchase 601,768 shares of Augmedix’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger under the Augmedix Plan were assumed and converted into stock appreciation rights to purchase 252,983 shares of our common stock (iii) warrants to purchase 6,576,565 shares of Augmedix’s Series B convertible preferred stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger were assumed and converted into warrants to purchase 2,767,836 shares of our common stock, and (iv) warrants to purchase 13,273 shares of Augmedix’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger were assumed and converted into warrants to purchase 5,584 shares of our common stock

See “Description of Capital Stock” below for more information. The issuance of shares of our common stock, or options, stock appreciation rights or warrants to purchase shares of our common stock, to Augmedix’s former security holders are collectively referred to as the “Share Conversion.”

The Merger Agreement contained customary representations and warranties and pre- and post-closing covenants of each party and customary closing conditions.

As a condition to the Merger, we entered into an indemnity agreement with our former officer and directors (the “Pre-Merger Indemnity Agreement”), pursuant to which we agreed to indemnify such former officer and directors for actions taken by them in their official capacities relating to the consideration, approval and consummation of the Merger and certain related transactions.

The Merger was treated as a recapitalization and reverse acquisition for us for financial reporting purposes. Augmedix is considered the acquirer for accounting purposes, and our historical financial statements before the Merger will be replaced with the historical financial statements of Augmedix before the Merger in future filings with the SEC. The Merger is intended to be treated as a tax-free reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

The issuance of securities pursuant to the Share Conversion was not registered under the Securities Act, in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, which exempts transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering, and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated by the SEC thereunder. These securities may not be offered or sold in the U.S. absent registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirement and are subject to further contractual restrictions on transfer as described below under “Shares Eligible for Future Sales.”

The Offering

Following the Effective Time of the Merger, we sold 8,472,186 shares of our common stock pursuant to an initial closing of a private placement offering for up to 10,000,000 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $3.00 per share (the “Offering Price”). We may hold one or more subsequent closings at any time prior to October 30, 2020, unless otherwise extended, to sell the remaining shares in the private placement offering. We may also sell up to an additional 1,666,667 shares of our common stock at the Offering Price to cover over-subscriptions in the event the private placement offering is oversubscribed. The private placement offering is referred to herein as the “Offering.”

The aggregate gross proceeds from the initial closing of the Offering were $25.4 million (before deducting placement agent fees and expenses of the initial closing of the Offering, which are estimated at $3.0 million).

The initial closing of the Offering was exempt from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated by the SEC thereunder. The common stock in the initial closing of the Offering was sold to “accredited investors,” as defined in Regulation D, and was conducted on a “reasonable best efforts” basis.

The initial closing of the Offering was conditioned on the closing of the Merger and a minimum aggregate purchase price of $20.0 million for the shares sold in the Offering, including a minimum of $10.0 million purchased by certain insider investors introduced by Augmedix (the “Insider Investors”).

In connection with the Offering and subject to the closing of the Offering, we agreed to pay the placement agents, Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, B. Riley FBR, Inc. and GP Nurmenkari Inc. (the “Placement Agents”), each a U.S. registered broker-dealer, a cash placement fee of 8% of the gross proceeds raised from investors in the Offering and to issue to them non-transferrable warrants to purchase a number of shares of our common stock equal to 8% of the number of shares of common stock sold in the Offering other than to Insider Investors, with a term of five years and an exercise price of $3.00 per share (the “Placement Agent Warrants”). We also agreed to pay certain expenses of the Placement Agents in connection with the Offering.

As a result of the foregoing, we paid the Placement Agents an aggregate commission of $2.0 million in connection with the initial closing of the Offering. We have also reimbursed the Placement Agents for approximately $0.2 million of expenses incurred in connection with the Offering.

Subject to certain customary exceptions, we have agreed to indemnify the Placement Agents to the fullest extent permitted by law against certain liabilities that may be incurred in connection with the Offering, including certain civil liabilities under the Securities Act, and, where such indemnification is not available, to contribute to the payments the Placement Agents and their sub-agents may be required to make in respect of such liabilities.

Registration Rights

In connection with the Merger and the Offering, we entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which we have agreed that promptly, but no later than 60 calendar days from the final closing of the Offering, we will file, subject to customary exceptions, a registration statement with the SEC (the “Registration Statement”), covering (i) the shares of our common stock issued in the Offering; (ii) the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Placement Agent Warrants, (iii) the shares of our common stock issued as a result of the Share Conversion; and (iv) 2,166,667 shares of our common stock held by the stockholders of Malo Holdings Corporation prior to the Merger ((i)-(iv) collectively, the “Registrable Shares”). We will use our commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that such Registration Statement is declared effective within 150 calendar days after the final closing of the Offering.

Subject to customary exceptions, if (i) we are late in filing the Registration Statement, (ii) the Registration Statement is not declared effective within 150 days after the final closing of the Offering (provided that such failure of the Registration Statement to be declared effective within one hundred fifty (150) calendar days is the result of any action or failure to act on the part of the Company)(the “Registration Effectiveness Date”), (iii) we fail to maintain the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, (iv) the holders of Registrable Shares cannot use the Registration Statement to resell the Registrable Shares for a period of more than 15 consecutive trading days (except for suspension of the use of the Registration Statement during certain Blackout Period (as defined below)), or (v) following the listing or inclusion for quotation on the OTC Markets, the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”), the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) or the NYSE American, trading of our common stock is suspended or halted for more than three full, consecutive trading days ((i)-(v) collectively, “Registration Events”), we will make payments to each holder of Registrable Shares as monetary penalties at a rate equal to 12% per annum of the total value of Registrable Shares held or purchased by such holder and affected during the period, based on the Offering Price; provided that the maximum amount of monetary penalties paid by us will not exceed 5% of such total value. No monetary penalties will accrue with respect to (1) any Registrable Shares removed from the Registration Statement in response to a comment from the staff of the SEC limiting the number of shares of common stock which may be included in the Registration Statement (a “Cutback Comment”), (2) any Registrable Shares that may be resold without manner of sale restrictions, current information requirements, volume limitations or other limitations under Rule 144 or another exemption from registration under the Securities Act, (3) any Registrable Shares excluded from a Registration Statement because a holder fails to provide information concerning the holder and the manner of distribution of the holder’s Registrable Shares that is required by SEC rules to be disclosed, and (4) any circumstance in which the SEC does not declare the Registration Statement effective on or before 150 days after the final closing of the Offering, and the reason for the SEC’s determination is that (a) the offering of any of the Registrable Shares constitutes a primary offering of securities by the Company, (b) Rule 415 of the Securities Act may not be relied upon for the registration of the resale of any or all of the Registrable Shares, and/or (c) a holder of any Registrable Shares must be named as an underwriter and such holder does not consent to be so named in the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the previous sentence, if the SEC does not declare the Registration Statement effective before the Registration Effectiveness Date, in certain circumstances we may still be liable for liquidated damages if we do not continue to use our commercially reasonable efforts at the first opportunity that is permitted by the SEC to register for resale all such Registrable Securities, using one or more registration statements that we are then entitled to use. Any cutback resulting from a Cutback Comment shall be allocated to the Registrable Shares pro rata based on the total number of such shares held by or issuable to each holder thereof.

We must use commercially reasonable efforts to keep the Registration Statement effective for three years from the date it is declared effective by the SEC or until the date on which all Registrable Shares have been transferred other than to certain enumerated permitted assignees under the Registration Rights Agreement.

We will pay all expenses in connection with the registration obligations provided in the Registration Rights Agreement, including, without limitation, all registration, filing, and stock exchange fees, printing expenses, all fees and expenses of complying with applicable securities laws, the fees and disbursements of our counsel and of our independent public accountants, and the reasonable fees and disbursements of a single counsel to the holders of the Registrable Securities, not to exceed $35,000. Each holder will be responsible for its own sales commissions, if any, transfer taxes and the expenses of any other attorney or advisor such holder decides to employ.

OTC Quotation

Our common stock is currently not listed on a national securities exchange or any other exchange, or quoted on an over-the-counter market. Following completion of the Offering, we intend to cause our common stock to be quoted on the OTC Markets QB tier as soon as practicable following the effectiveness of the Registration Statement. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so and, even if we do so, there can be no assurance that our common stock will continue to be quoted on the OTC Markets or quoted or listed on any other market or exchange, or that an active trading market for our common stock will develop or continue. See “Risk Factors—There is currently no market for our common stock and there can be no assurance that any market will ever develop. You may therefore be unable to re-sell shares of our common stock at times and prices that you believe are appropriate.” below.

Assumption of Augmedix Warrants

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement and upon the closing of the Merger, we assumed each warrant to purchase Augmedix preferred or common stock that remained outstanding, and we converted each into a warrant to purchase a number of shares of our common stock equal to the number of shares of Augmedix preferred or common stock subject to the warrant immediately prior to the Merger, multiplied by the Common Share Conversion Ratio, with any fraction rounded down to the nearest whole number. The exercise price per share of each such assumed warrant is equal to the exercise price of the Augmedix warrant prior to the assumption, divided by such applicable Merger conversion ratio (rounded up to the nearest whole cent).

Augmedix 2013 Equity Incentive Plan and Outstanding Awards Thereunder

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement and upon the closing of the Merger, we assumed each option and stock appreciation right to purchase Augmedix common stock that remained outstanding under the Augmedix Plan, whether vested or unvested, and we converted it into an option or stock appreciation right, as applicable, to purchase such number of shares of our common stock equal to the number of Augmedix common stock subject to the option or stock appreciation right, as applicable, immediately prior to the Merger, multiplied by the Merger conversion ratio applicable to outstanding common stock, with any fraction rounded down to the nearest whole number. The exercise price per share of each such assumed option or stock appreciation right is equal to the exercise price of the Augmedix option or stock appreciation right prior to the assumption, divided by the Merger conversion ratio applicable to outstanding common stock (rounded up to the nearest whole cent). Otherwise, each assumed option or stock appreciation right continues to have, and will be subject to, substantially the same terms and conditions as applied to the Augmedix option or stock appreciation right, as applicable, immediately prior to the Merger, including the same vesting schedule. The terms of the Augmedix Plan continue to govern the options covering an aggregate of 4,213,153 shares of our common stock and stock appreciation rights covering an aggregate of 252,983 shares of our common stock subject to awards assumed by us, except that all references in the Augmedix Plan to Augmedix will now be deemed to refer to us. No additional awards will be issued under the Company Plan. See “Executive Compensation—Employee Benefit and Stock Plans” below for more information about the Augmedix Plan and the outstanding awards thereunder.

Our 2020 Equity Incentive Plan

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement and upon the closing of the Merger, we adopted our 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which provides for the issuance of incentive awards of stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, RSUs, performance awards, cash awards, and stock bonus awards. We initially reserved 0 shares of our common stock, plus any reserved shares not issued or subject to outstanding grants under the Augmedix Plan on the effective date of the 2020 Plan, for issuance pursuant to awards granted under our 2020 Plan. The number of shares reserved for issuance under our 2020 Plan will increase automatically on January 1 of each of 2021 through 2030 by the number of shares equal to the lesser of 5% of the total number of outstanding shares of our common stock as of the immediately preceding January 1, or a number as may be determined by our board of directors. See “Executive Compensation—Employee Benefit and Stock Plans” below for more information about the 2020 Plan.

Departure and Appointment of Directors and Officers

Our board of directors is authorized to and consists of six members. As of the Effective Time, Mark Tompkins and Ian Jacobs resigned from our board of directors, and Emmanuel Krakaris, Ian Shakil, Jennifer Carter, Jason Krikorian, Joseph Marks, Ph.D. and Gerard van Hamel Platerink were appointed to our board of directors.

Also, as of the Effective Time, Ian Jacobs resigned from all officer positions with us, and Emmanuel Krakaris was appointed as our President, Chief Executive Officer and Secretary, Ian Shakil was appointed as our Chief Strategy Officer, Sandra Breber was appointed as our Chief Operating Officer, Jonathan Hawkins was appointed as our Chief Revenue Officer and Paul Ginocchio was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer.

See “Management” below for information about our new directors and executive officers.

Pro Forma Ownership

Immediately after giving effect to the Merger (and assuming the issuance of an aggregate of 15,458,133 shares of our common stock in the Merger), the Stock Forfeiture, and the initial closing of the Offering, there were up to 26,096,986 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding as of the Closing Date, as follows:

In addition, there were as of the Closing Date:

No other securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock are outstanding as of the date of this Report.

Accounting Treatment; Change of Control

The Merger is being accounted for as a “reverse merger” or “reverse acquisition,” and Augmedix is deemed to be the acquirer in the reverse merger. Consequently, the assets and liabilities and the historical operations that will be reflected in our financial statements relating to periods prior to the Merger will be those of Augmedix, and will be recorded at the historical cost basis of Augmedix, and the consolidated financial statements after completion of the Merger will include the assets and liabilities of Augmedix, historical operations of Augmedix, and operations of Malo Holdings Corporation from the Closing Date. As a result of the issuance of the shares of our common stock pursuant to the Merger, a change in control of Malo Holdings Corporation occurred as of the date of consummation of the Merger.

Except as described in this Report, no arrangements or understandings exist among present or former controlling stockholders with respect to the election of members of our board of directors and, to our knowledge, no other arrangements exist that might result in a change of control of Malo Holdings Corporation.

We expect to continue to be a “smaller reporting company,” as defined under the Exchange Act, and an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) immediately following the Merger. We believe that as a result of the Merger, we have ceased to be a “shell company” (as such term is defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act).

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Our Mission

Our mission is to re-humanize healthcare by enabling doctors to be doctors. Our solution helps relieve the burden of medical note documentation so that doctors can focus on what they do best — patient care.

Overview

The medical note documentation burden in the U.S. is significant. It is a major contributor to doctor burnout, which according to a recent study in the Annals of Internal Medicine, costs the U.S. healthcare industry $4.6 billion from lost productivity and recruiting costs.

Healthcare practitioners in the U.S. often look to outsourced solutions to handle their documentation. There are various solutions that are marketed to clinicians (which include licensed physicians, nurse practitioners and physicians’ assistants, but not registered nurses). These range in scope from self-serve dictation tools to fully out-sourced medical note documentation solutions. We are a provider of a fully out-sourced medical note documentation solution that also provides supplemental clinical support to the U.S. healthcare industry.

Augmedix was incorporated in 2013 and launched its commercial real-time, remote documentation services in 2014. We provide software compatible with off-the-shelf, mobile client devices (smartphones or Google Glass) that enables clinicians to communicate with remotely-located documentation specialists (each an “RDS”, and collectively “RDSs”). Our RDSs observe the clinician-patient interaction, through an audio/video stream, and extract the relevant elements of that interaction to create the medical notes that are then uploaded into the patient’s chart contained within the electronic health record (“EHR”) system. The EHR system is third-party software licensed by the healthcare clinic or system to manage patient charts.

Patient care in the U.S. is provided in ambulatory or clinical environments and hospitals. We focus most of our efforts in the ambulatory/clinical segment of the patient care market. Roughly 85-90% of the physicians who subscribe to our service are employed directly by, or are affiliated with, a healthcare enterprise. The remaining 10-15% consists of small practices and individual practitioners.

We have generated in excess of four million medical notes since we began offering our service and are currently delivering over 35,000 notes to our customers each week. We estimate that our solution saves doctors two to three hours each day which is time that they can redeploy to see more patients or improve their work-life balance. We believe the benefits to healthcare enterprises are increased productivity and higher clinician and patient satisfaction.

The current COVID-19 crisis and resulting safety protocols have prompted a significant shift towards delivering health services remotely via telemedicine. Our technology platform was designed to enable real time, two-way communication between remotely-located participants. As such, we were able to continue to provide uninterrupted service to our customers. In early April 2020, over 90% of the physicians we served conducted approximately 60% of their patient visits remotely. As of July 2020, while the number of clinicians practicing telemedicine stayed relatively constant, the proportion of their daily telemedicine visits declined to approximately 30% as patients became more comfortable seeing their doctors in person. However, we believe telemedicine will remain an important part of health services delivery even after the end of the COVID-19 crisis.

The COVID-19 crisis has also required modifications to how we deliver our service. While our general business model is to provide RDS service from central operating centers, local shelter in place orders have required us to shift to work-from-home for all employees and contracted employees. We were able to transition to full work from home for all RDSs worldwide within a few days with very little service interruption. We will continue our work from home model until local conditions remove shelter in place orders and employees can safely work from our central operations centers. We instituted additional system controls to ensure compliance with our privacy practices.

Our technology vision is to automate as much of the medical note creation process as possible by applying an approach we refer to as “intelligence amplification.” While the unstructured nature of a conversation between physician and patient places inherent limitations on how much note creation can ultimately be automated, we believe automation, even if partial, could generate significant benefits including improved operating efficiencies, higher-quality medical notes and a more uniform level of note quality.

Our intelligence amplification approach toward achieving note automation is different than that being pursued by other participants in our industry. Our approach is based upon our belief that technicians will be a necessary part of the note creation process for a long time. We use widely available technology today to mine our data sets and help us build the models needed to enable automation. However, we use such technology to build tools that our RDSs can use to automate some of the principal tasks in the note creation process rather than attempt to build self-serve software designed for use directly by physicians.

Our Industry

Accurate medical records are indispensable to ongoing patient care. The cornerstone of any medical record system is proper recording of a patient’s examination as it occurs. Pen and paper, either in the hands of a physician or an in-person documentation specialist, have been the traditional method of producing medical notes, but this method can be both time consuming in the hands of a caregiver and subject to subsequent misinterpretation due to illegibility or other factors. Misinterpretation of the information actually recorded can lead to confusion regarding the patient’s condition and/or clinician services provided. The volume of medical information required to be recorded and the number of intended recipients has also increased.

The advent of computerized record systems, that are now an integral part of the healthcare landscape as a result of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (“HITECH”), has ushered in a new era of record keeping in which medical records are stored as electronic text and data that enhances legibility and has the potential to be more thorough. Furthermore, computerized record systems can be instantly accessed by numerous practitioners at the same time, which has enabled medical practitioners to instantly share medical records with each other for mutually-served patients.

The enormous resources expended on medical documentation has burdened the healthcare industry and caused many organizations, as well as individual practitioners, to look to outsourcing solutions. Existing EHR medical record systems are generally cumbersome for practitioners to use due to their highly structured nature and user interfaces that cause data entry to be regimented by design and be quite time consuming. Today, we estimate that up to one-third of a doctor’s day is consumed by the required and complex interactions with the EHR. This can lead to many physicians authoring their notes hours or days after the actual patient visit. Physicians also need to invest significant time to familiarize themselves with the EHR whenever a new EHR is adopted or whenever an update to an existing EHR is introduced. These issues are compounded by the fractured nature of the EHR space, with over 700 different EHRs available in the U.S. The largest of these are Epic, Cerner, Allscripts and Athena.

The COVID-19 crisis is placing even more pressure on healthcare systems by compelling organizations to radically change patient care protocols to ensure patient and care team safety. One of the changes having a profound effect on the documentation sector is the shift towards telehealth. Technology available today is enabling effective clinician-patient interactions conducted remotely, which had previously not been possible.

In April 2020, over 60% of all patient visits were conducted remotely. That number has decreased since then, as patients become more comfortable with in-person visits and healthcare organizations institute appropriate safety measures at their facilities to accommodate in-person visits. Nevertheless, this shift to telehealth is expected to remain a key component of the U.S. healthcare delivery system even after the current COVID-19 crisis.

The principal legacy tools and solutions (manual, or existing EHR solutions) are not ideally suited to the changing U.S. healthcare landscape. Automated dictation tools have evolved such that they convert speech to text with minimal errors, however, they demand a great deal of the clinician’s time to convert the relevant aspects of their interactions with patients into a cogent, accurate and comprehensive medical note. The in-person documentation specialist, one of the most prevalent out-sourced solution, has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 crisis which reduced the ability for such personnel to be physically present at the point of care delivery.

Our Opportunity

We believe that we have the opportunity to serve the ambulatory/clinical segment of the U.S. patient care services market with solutions that address medical note documentation needs. Our solutions cater to large and small healthcare organizations but can also be adopted by individual practitioners. There are currently about 1.1 million physicians in the U.S. About 88% of these, or 980,000 work within the specialties that we currently cover. Of these, about 30%, or 295,000, fall within the productivity parameters we establish as the best prospects for realizing the highest customer ROIs. Using our average current subscription price of $1,800/doctor/month, we believe that our total addressable market in the U.S. is approximately $6.0 billion annually.

Our existing customers employ directly, or are affiliated with, about 212,000 physicians. Applying similar ratios as the industry as a whole, yields a total of about 56,000 addressable physicians, which translates to a $1.0 billion opportunity annually. As such, our existing enterprise healthcare customers represent about 19% of the total U.S. addressable market. Based upon the number of physicians we currently service, we have penetrated about ½ of one percent of the potential that resides within our existing enterprise customer base.

In addition to physicians who work in the ambulatory or clinical setting of healthcare centers, there are approximately 57,000 emergency department physicians in the U.S. today. We are currently piloting our service at one hospital in California. If successful, we plan to roll out the service more broadly, which would increase the size of our total addressable market.

The Benefits of our Services

The core value of our service is relieving the medical note documentation burden placed on clinicians. According to Physician Compensation Report and National Physician Report, it is estimated that clinicians spend one-third of their day on non-revenue generating documentation activity as of 2019. We leverage technology and services to address the core documentation challenges of clinicians. Our solution saves this time while improving clinical documentation and quality measures for reimbursement. We believe our solution leads to higher patient satisfaction, as clinicians can focus their entire attention on their patients instead of having to disrupt the natural flow of discourse in order to write, type or dictate the medical note themselves during the visit.

For a subset of our customers, we also provide other services such as care reminders, orders and referrals, which can enhance our value proposition. Care reminders are text notifications we provide physicians during their interactions with patients that point out areas that should be addressed by the physician with the patient during the visit. Our RDSs source the information behind such reminders from the patient’s EHR, which physicians sometimes do not have the time to review thoroughly prior to the patient visit. Examples of reminders include notifications of medication contraventions, or related symptoms from prior visits. While we currently provide such auxiliary services today on a case-by-case basis, our goal is to institutionalize these services into our core offerings across all customers.

Our value proposition is anchored on the time savings we generate for our users. We can save certain clinicians up to two to three hours per day in paperwork administration, depending on their patient volume. Our documentation solution can also increase productivity by up to 20% as well as increase certain clinicians satisfaction with work-life balance by 49%, according to internal management studies and customer satisfaction surveys. We have created a data driven approach with health systems to evaluate productivity and charting efficiency of all eligible providers. Understanding each individual clinician’s efficiency enables us to clearly identify their potential ROI and provide the health system with an accurate estimate of the expected ROI at the enterprise level.

Based upon results of a study we conducted of 136 physicians from one of our enterprise customers, our service would generate an estimated $3.13 million net revenue over a 12-month period for a cohort of 100 users made up of 67 primary care physicians and 33 specialists. We believe the economic benefit of a high ROI, coupled with increased clinician’s satisfaction and the inherent tight integration into the clinician’s workflow, are the primary drivers behind our high net revenue retention rate, which stood at 119% as of June 30, 2020.

What Sets Us Apart

Since we developed our concept of remote, real time medical note documentation, several companies have entered the field. To varying degrees, each offers a solution that addresses the documentation burden faced by physicians. We believe that our service is distinct from these other providers because our solution addresses every aspect of the documentation burden placed upon clinicians.

At its core, our service is predicated upon four foundational elements, each of which is critical in relieving a clinician’s documentation burden. We believe we are the only service among our peers to offer all four.

We leverage the ambient conversation between physician and patient as the input source for the medical notes we produce. This results in the greatest time savings for physicians, as they do not have to expend time on extraneous functions to transmit the information to the RDS. It also results in higher patient satisfaction since physicians are not required to alter their natural interaction with their patients.

Furnishing doctors with mobile devices through which they access our service provides them with freedom of movement, which is essential as they see patients in several exam rooms and as they communicate with their RDS while they travel between exam rooms and their office. And as physicians have had to embrace telehealth during the COVID-19 crisis, having a mobile device enables them to connect to the service from the safety of their home.

Our RDSs are remotely-located. As a result, our services are less intrusive than an in-person documentation specialist and allow for a more comfortable environment for patients. The remote nature of our services also allows us to recruit from a large and geographically diverse base of candidates. The vast majority of our RDSs are currently located in South Asia. Importantly, we have not been impacted by the restrictions placed on in-person documentation specialists by many healthcare organizations.

Finally, our premium Augmedix Live service is real time. Real time offers significant benefits to physicians as it allows them the peace of mind that their documentation is completed when they are done with a patient visit, thus eliminating the need to recall what occurred during the typical 15-30 patient visits they service each day. More importantly, it allows for real time interactivity between the physician and RDS. This is critical in addressing any ambiguities in the information observed by the RDS and results in a higher quality medical note. Further, it enables us to deliver valuable clinical support services that our customers are increasingly demanding, such as care reminders, order processing and referrals. Delivery of such additional services increases our utility to our customers.

Our Services and Business Model

We provide two primary subscription services, each of which feature best-in-class medical note documentation. Our RDSs are trained experts who use our proprietary software to deliver to the EHR timely and clinically accurate medical notes.

Our Competition

We compete on the basis of price, quality of service offered, breadth of services and uniqueness of service. We believe our competitors fall into three broad categories.

Our Growth Strategy

There are over 1.1 million physicians in the U.S., of which 69% work for, or are affiliated with, a health system. Our current customer accounts, together, employ directly, or have affiliations with, a total of 212,000 physicians, of which we currently serve less than 1%. Our growth strategy is focused on four areas:

Our Technology Platform

Our Technology Strategy

Our technology strategy is focused on providing tools to RDSs to render our medical note documentation service efficiently. The technology that we provide to clinicians is familiar and simple to operate. Clinicians are provided a single purpose mobile device with a simple-to-use application for ease of onboarding. Each component of our technology platform – from the streaming data channel, to its visual and audio presentation within the RDS cockpit, to the software used by the RDS’ to create the note – are designed to comply with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996’s (“HIPAA”) standards pertaining to data security.

Our platform is remote and mobile thus, is suited to support both in person and telemedicine visits. The devices that we provide to clinicians can be used to capture telemedicine visits regardless of the telehealth platform used by the clinician. We render a seamless service experience as the clinician moves from telephone calls, to video calls, to in person visits. Our devices follow the clinician ensuring that the connection between clinician and RDS remains intact during the clinician’s entire shift. Additionally, we have development in progress to integrate our platform with certain telehealth platforms to further facilitate the experience for both our RDSs and our customers.

Platform Overview

Our technology platform consists of three primary components.

Clinician Devices and Doc App

We provide multiple third-party device options for clinicians, each of which is configured with a proprietary Doc App. We offer a standalone Smartphone Doc App that runs on a Smartphone with an Android operating system. The Doc App provides real time streaming and instant messaging so that the RDS can communicate in real time with the clinician. We also offer a standalone Android Doc App that runs on Google Glass which also provides real time streaming and instant messaging functionality. Our system also features a third Doc App for our non-real-time service, Augmedix Notes. All versions of our Doc App contain features for connecting, communicating, and streaming audio and video to the server. All Android devices in production are locked-down to ensure the security and integrity of the device.

RDS Cockpit

The RDS Cockpit is a web application that RDSs use for their day to day activities. The RDS views the live audio/video stream from the clinician’s device and uses tools within this application to document the patient visit. The RDS can direct-message clarifying questions to the clinician during the shift. All stored data is encrypted with AES-256 bit encryption at rest and in transit. Storage is necessary for note preparation, note completion and quality assurance. RDSs use Notebuilder and third-party speech to text tools to create the medical note.

“Intelligence Amplification” through Notebuilder

We use Intelligence Amplification, a combination of software and human intervention to facilitate and automate the medical note creation process. Our Notebuilder is patent pending proprietary software that leverages structured data to facilitate medical note creation by the RDS. According to our internal studies, the Notebuilder tool allows the RDS to complete the medical note up to 50% faster than manual transcription using free text. We continue to improve the Notebuilder and other documentation tools with the aspiration of transforming the RDSs role from that of content creator to content editor.

The Notebuilder user interface comprises two sections: a canvas section for the note output and a build section that displays options which the RDS selects to document relevant patient medical information. The menu of options within the build section are curated based upon the patient demographic, medical specialty, visit type and nature of complaint(s). The RDS makes selections related to the conditions reported, timing, frequency and context, of symptoms as well as current medications and treatments, if applicable. As the RDS completes the build section, additional relevant blocks are displayed to assist the RDS in making selections to populate the four core sections of the Medical Note: (i) History of Present Illness, (ii) Review of Systems, (iii) Physical Exam and (iv) Assessment and Plan. Selection options are dynamically filtered as the RDS completes the build section such that most relevant selections for items such as medications, tests, imaging, procedures, diagnoses and treatments are displayed based upon earlier entries. As options are selected by the RDS, the Notebuilder automatically generates medically correct natural language sentences summarizing the information selected. These natural language sentences are then displayed in the canvas portion of the Notebuilder tool for final review, editing and transfer to the patient chart in the EHR.

The Notebuilder allows for customizations based upon specialty, clinic or clinician preferences. Specific clinician preference templates can be saved within the tool and used by the RDS as needed. The Notebuilder provides the RDS with a wealth of medical data to facilitate note creation such as a medication database with dosages, frequency and related side effects, relevant diagnoses and treatment options.

Builder Manager is the patent pending application that manages the Notebuilder front-end interface. The Builder Manager is a web application that allows RDS experts to configure the Notebuilder by populating the data library, sentence recipes and inter-dependent filtering logic displayed in the Notebuilder based upon specialties and conditions. Some of the data sets are custom built by our experts and other data sets are leveraged from publicly available external sources All data sets used for the Notebuilder are managed within the Builder Manager. The RDS expert builds or edits the sentence recipes by selecting various components for the sentence recipe and defining the order of components, consisting of words and phrases. When one or more sentence recipes are fully configured, the Builder Manager deploys instructions that determine available selection options to display in the Notebuilder and resulting natural language sentences are generated based upon selections made by the RDS. The notes are first stored in the browser’s memory. An automated scheduler then pulls the notes and pushes them to the backend database.

The Notebuilder and Builder Manager tools were initially released in early 2020 and are expected to be rolled out to all RDSs in the second half of 2020.

Speech-to-Text

When a clinician wants exact words entered as a part of the Assessment and Plan section of the medical note, dictation is commonly utilized. We partner with companies providing HIPAA compliant speech-to-text solutions. These are integrated into the RDS Cockpit to facilitate the RDS’ ability to efficiently edit and insert dictations into the medical note. This feature uses a machine learning tool to automatically transcribe speech to text. According to an internal study, dictated words represent an average of 5-10% of a typical medical note. Leveraging a speech-to-text transcription tool improves both the accuracy and time to complete these portions of the note.

Our solution is hosted within an existing Amazon Web Services Virtual Private Cloud, and leverages a HIPAA-compliant 3^rd party tool, which transcribes the audio and returns an encrypted text file. All calls between the cloud and the 3^rd party tools are fully encrypted to meet HIPAA standards both at rest and in transit.

Platform Architecture

We use state of the art, HIPAA-compliant cloud infrastructure to host all of our production applications, web services, data-channels, audio-video streaming platforms, databases, and data processing servers for Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (“AI/ML”). We use a WebRTC platform that employs powerful Android and JavaScript webRTC SDKs to deliver highly secure audio and video to our customers.

Audio Visual Streaming Service

Our platform is hosted inside HIPAA-compliant third-party cloud infrastructure. Communication to and from our platform is encrypted end-to-end and aligned with HIPAA regulations. Each streaming server is load balanced and has redundant capacity to ensure 100% fault tolerance. We provide periodic updates to the platform. Each streaming server is a secured EC2 instance, hosting dockerized containers for streaming servers (Janus MCU, TURN), proxy and load balancer. If applicable, clinician-patient conversation audio files are stored in HIPAA- compliant disk/block storage attached to the EC2 instances and at the end of day uploaded to Amazon Web Services S3 blob storage.

Security

DTLS-SRTP is used to ensure end-to-end security. Audio-video data is encrypted with AES 128 bit encryption. AES 128 key exchange happens over ECDHE_ECDSA with P-256 curve during DTLS handshake. Signaling happens over HTTPS/TLS 1.2 channel using RSA 2048 bit encryption.

Data Channel

A dedicated data channel is required to cover critical communication between the RDSs and clinicians. The channel is such that the conversation between the clinician and the RDS happens in a “room.” Each of the rooms work like a typical chat room with each shift comprising a session. The conversations usually include typical routine IMs, signals, switches to activate, deactivate or change state of certain components running in our Doc App and RDS Portal. The RDS Portal and Doc App both interact with the data channel over a secure network. The data channel consists of multiple nodes behind a Network Load Balancer (“NLB”) to ensure horizontal scalability and fault tolerance. Each of the nodes provides a full-duplex secure WebSocket connection to maintain a persistent connection with clients and uses Redis pub/sub mechanism to load balance users among different nodes.

Password protected Amazon Web Services ElastiCache is used as a Redis server that provides HIPAA compliant in-transit and data-at-rest encryption. There are also redundant Redis nodes to ensure fault tolerance.

Data

All web applications and our Doc App web services store data inside HIPAA-compliant MySQL databases. The databases store administrative information relating to clinicians and RDSs. We temporarily store audio and text data on the HIPAA compliant servers to accommodate operational processes including training, quality assurance and production work. We store certain data for longer terms and maintain a database of de-identified data to train our AI models. We also maintain a database of meta-data based on Notebuilder selections. Such data is used to improve our products and provide enhanced services to our customers.

Scalability and Uptime

Our streaming servers with redundant capacity are placed in different availability zones to ensure fault tolerance. All the servers are located in the U.S. All requests to streaming endpoints are load balanced and served in a round-robin approach. Using the proprietary Augmedix OTA portal, we can selectively push Android OS updates to specific devices. We use enterprise level device management software to maintain and manage its Phone devices. New features, improvements, bug fixes made to our RDS Cockpit applications, can be released separately/independently to production servers through a planned and well documented process.

Our Operations

Our Remote Documentations Specialists (“RDS”)

Our services are rendered by highly trained RDSs, who use our technology tools to deliver clinically accurate and comprehensive notes into the customer’s EHR system. Our RDSs observe clinician-patient interactions through audio and video feeds, extract the relevant details of the visit, and document the medical note for clinician review and approval. The medical note contains information vital to on-going patient care and billing and is securely stored in the patient’s unique chart in the EHR. RDSs use dedicated, secure terminals to access the RDS Cockpit which includes the Notebuilder and other tools to view the visit and create the medical note. The task of observing a doctor-patient interaction, extracting the relevant aspects of the conversation and then recording them in a structured medical note is difficult and requires a significant amount of skill and training.

Our RDSs are well educated, most at the university level and many are recruited straight out of university. Many have Biology majors, but we also recruit from various other disciplines. We also recruit from a large, established pool of medical transcriptionists in India. The RDS position can be a very attractive alternative to medical transcription as that industry is contracting due to advancements in speech-to-text technology. The work performed by our RDSs is dynamic and substantially more complex than transcription as it requires considerable cognitive ability and understanding of nuanced physician-patient interactions while transcription is a verbatim rendition of recorded audio.

All of our RDSs must pass our mandatory intensive training program prior to working with our clinicians. Our proprietary training modules are trainer-led and include medical visit basics, visit videos, medical documentation standards and requirements, and practice sessions using Notebuilder and other tools. The training program for new RDSs takes approximately three months to complete and includes strict testing and grade achievement standards. We also provide specialty training for eight specialties: Primary Care, Orthopedics, Oncology, Dermatology, Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Cardiology and Hospitalists. We support many specialties in clinic and in hospital settings and are continuing to build our specialty training library.

Our Live service is provided during the clinician’s shift. Our RDSs serve as an extension of the care team and are assigned to clinicians based on specialty. Typically, one RDS will accompany a clinician for the duration of that clinician’s shift, though on occasion a clinician may have multiple RDSs accompanying her or him on a shift. Currently, our RDSs require more time than his/her assigned clinician to complete a shift’s worth of medical notes. Our internal studies indicate that the Notebuilder and other tools can reduce note completion time by up to 50%.

Our Notes service takes place after the patient visit. Clinician-patient interactions are recorded for playback by our RDS. Completed notes based on that recording are delivered before the clinician resumes his/her next shift. The task of creating a medical note from a recording is less challenging than doing so in real time. Moreover, and in particular with the benefit of our Notebuilder, an RDS is able to handle the notes for more than one clinician during his/her shift.

Our Operation Centers

We provide service from 9 RDS Operations Centers across four countries – the US, Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. The 7 operations centers in India (6) and Sri Lanka (1) are owned and operated by five independent third parties (the “Vendors”), while the two centers in the US and Bangladesh are wholly-owned and operated by us. Due to the COVID -19 crisis, most of our worldwide RDSs are currently working from home in compliance with local shelter in place rules.

Our strategy is to diversify geographical risk by operating out of several operating centers located in various cities throughout Asia, with a smaller operation within the US. The US operation accounts for a small fraction of our global RDS workforce and we expect it to remain below 10% of the global total for the foreseeable future. Our Bangladesh operation is our fastest growing center. It currently serves about 22% of our customers. Our goal is to reach approximately 30% by mid-2022. This is to enable greater control over a larger percentage of our operations and to mitigate concentration risk among existing Vendors.

All Vendors are currently paid based upon an hourly rate and the number of assigned contracted clinician hours. This payment arrangement represents a substantial change from the previous model that operated through the first half of 2020 wherein Vendors included additional flat fees for each RDS passing our training and certification requirements. Under the current arrangement, effective for all Vendors by July 2020, the hourly rate paid to each Vendor incorporates the amortized cost of training and certifications.

Our Bangladeshi RDSs, all of whom are employees, are paid a fixed monthly salary. In addition to RDSs, our Bangladesh offices include engineering, customer support, human resources, Global IT, compliance, finance and accounting and general management, among other personnel. All our Bangladesh-based employees receive complimentary benefits such as healthcare, meals, private transportation to their homes after their shifts, among others. We believe the compensation we provide our Bangladeshi employees is competitive in the local market for US-based employers.

Our Customers

Our customers are diverse in size, geography, and specialty. Our clients include some of the largest health systems and specialty groups in the U.S., including Sutter Health, Dignity Health, US Oncology, TriHealth, Northern Light, Summit Pacific and UCSF, among others. Of these, Sutter Health and Dignity Health accounted for 26% and 17%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, and 27% and 19%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues for the six-month period ended June 30, 2020. Approximately 85-90% of the physicians we serve are members of health systems, while the remaining 10-15% are from small independent practices. We have a relatively high concentration of physicians served among our enterprise customers, with one client accounting for 28% while the remaining physicians served are spread across 13 other health systems. We have customers in 28 different states, the largest concentration being in California. Within our customer base, we currently serve 39 specialties, the largest of which is family practice at 28% of total physicians served. Our systems are compatible with 19 different EHRs. The top three account for 75% of all our physicians served, with Epic at 45%, Cerner at 24% and Allscripts at 6%.

Areas of expansion within our existing enterprise customers include deeper penetration of the locations in which we already serve physicians, coverage of new specialties, and entering new care locations. We define success with our clients with respect to two key criteria, increased productivity and physician satisfaction. With clients that follow our best practices framework and share data with us, we focus on time savings and productivity increases, the latter measured in work Relative Value Units (“wRVU”), per individual physician. wRVUs reflect the time, technical skill and effort, mental effort and judgment, and stress to provide a given medical service. The number of wRVUs a provider generates ties directly to reimbursement rates in most payment models. Relative Value Units generally rank the resources (including physician’s work, expenses of the physician’s practice, and professional liability insurance) used to provide a particular medical service based upon that service’s Current Procedural Terminology (“CPT”) code or Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (“HCPCS”) code. To determine the level of reimbursement from a payor (typically an insurance company such as Blue Cross or Aetna) for a given service, a service’s RVUs are multiplied by a dollar conversion factor. Conversion factors and fee schedules are established by the Medical Group Management Association (“MGMA”) and CSA Group, independent testing and standards bodies serving the US healthcare industry.

The primary drivers of the physician work portion of RVU, or wRVU, are patient volume, the appropriate and completeness of the documentation describing the services rendered during the patient visit and the efficiency with which such services were performed. The aggregate increase in wRVU production across their physician base drives the health system’s overall financial performance and the ROI potential of our service for our customers.

Some examples of the value our users see is captured in the following case studies:

Case Study #1: Dr. Seneca Dewar, Dignity Health

Highlights:

Before Augmedix:

Looking to devote more time to patient care

Dr. Seneca Dewar is a primary care physician who was overwhelmed with mandated EHR documentation and spent most of his weekends on data entry. He was typically spending over 20 hours per week completing his patient notes and was increasingly burdened by the documentation.

After Augmedix:

Lower workload and more time with patients

Since Dr. Dewar started working with Augmedix, he finishes his patient notes by the end of every day and dedicates an additional four hours to his clinic time each week. He no longer works after hours and is able to spend his reclaimed time with his family. Overall, he has enjoyed his experience on the Augmedix platform and values working with his tech-enabled documentation team.

Case Study #2: Heather Dountas PA, C

Highlights:

Before Augmedix:

Overtaxed, under-documented

There were never enough hours in the day for Heather, a busy PA-C in Primary Care. In the midst of a full patient schedule, she was often forced to choose between completing thorough documentation, sending orders, and reconciling medication lists. Heather found herself regularly taking home 2-3 hours of incomplete paperwork per day.

After Augmedix:

Productivity increased, balance restored

Since starting with Augmedix, Heather is doing what she once thought impossible: seeing more patients, spending less time on documentation, and providing higher quality care, all while being fully present with her patients. She leaves work on time with the day’s notes completed, ready to enjoy her reclaimed time with her family.

Governmental Regulation

The healthcare industry in which we operate is highly regulated, and the services we provide are subject to a complex set of healthcare laws and regulations. We and our customers must comply with a variety of requirements, including among others, HIPAA, HITECH, regulations issued by the Department of Health and Human Services and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, a number of fraud and abuse laws, such as the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and the False Claims Act, and comparable state laws. We have structured our operations to comply with these laws and other regulatory and contractual requirements.

HIPAA and HITECH Act

HIPAA establishes a set of national privacy and security standards for protecting the privacy, confidentiality and security of protected health information (“PHI”). Under HIPAA, health plans, healthcare clearinghouses and healthcare providers, together referred to as “covered entities” for purposes of HIPAA, and their “business associates” must meet certain standards in order to protect individually identifiable health information. HITECH enhances and strengthens the HIPAA privacy and security standards and makes certain provisions of HIPAA directly applicable to business associates of covered entities.

In connection with our business operations, we access, use and disclose PHI on behalf of our covered entity clients, and therefore, are considered to be, a business associate of our customers and subject to HIPAA, and its implementing regulations. As a business associate, we are required to have agreements with our covered entity clients whereby we agree to appropriately safeguard the PHI we create or receive on their behalf and to abide by statutory and other regulatory obligations under HIPAA. These obligations include, but are not limited to, the responsibility to (i) maintain physical, technical and administrative safeguards that reasonably and appropriately protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of PHI, (ii) report security incidents and other inappropriate uses or disclosures of PHI, including to individuals and governmental authorities, and (iii) assist covered entities from which we obtain health information with certain duties under HIPAA.

HIPAA and HITECH impose numerous requirements on our business operations, and subject us to material liability and other adverse impacts to our business in the event we fail to comply with their requirements. These include, without limitation, civil fines, possible criminal sanctions in certain circumstances, contractual liability to our customers, and damage to our brand and reputation. We have implemented appropriate safeguards to address the privacy and security of PHI consistent with our regulatory and contractual requirements. We also train our personnel regarding HIPAA and other related requirements. We have made and continue to make investments in systems to support customer operations that are regulated by HIPAA and other regulations. Because these standards are subject to interpretation and change, we cannot predict the future impact of HIPAA or other regulations on our business and operations. To comply with our regulatory and contractual obligations, we may have to adjust our policies and practices and invest in new technologies.

Federal Anti-Kickback Statute and False Claims Act

We may also be subject to various federal laws targeting fraud and abuse in the healthcare industry.

For example, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits, among other things, any person from knowingly and willfully offering, soliciting, receiving or paying remuneration (a term interpreted broadly to include anything of value, including, for example, gifts, discounts and credits), directly or indirectly, in cash or in kind, to induce or reward, or in return for, either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase, order or recommendation of, an item or reimbursable, in whole or in part, under a federal healthcare program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Penalties for federal Anti-Kickback Statute violations can be severe, and include imprisonment, criminal fines, civil money penalties with triple damages (when the False Claims Act is implicated) and exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs. The Anti-Kickback Statute is subject to evolving interpretations.

In addition, the federal False Claims Act prohibits anyone from, among other things, knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, for payment to federal programs (including Medicare and Medicaid) claims for items or services that are false or fraudulent. Although we would not submit claims directly to payors, we could be held liable under the False Claims Act if we are deemed to “cause” the submission of false or fraudulent claims by, for example, including inaccurate information in draft medical notes for physicians, or if our documentation services are found to have caused clinicians to have inaccurately attested to “Meaningful Use” criteria.

Other Laws and Regulations

In addition to HIPAA and HITECH, numerous other state and federal laws govern the collection, dissemination, use, access to, confidentiality and security of individually identifiable health information. In many cases, state laws are not preempted by the HIPAA privacy and security standards and may impose more stringent standards, thus complicating compliance efforts. Similarly, state anti-kickback and false claims laws may apply to sales or marketing arrangements and claims involving healthcare items or services reimbursed by any source, not only government programs.

We are also subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), which prohibits improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business and requires companies to maintain accurate books and records and a system of internal accounting controls. Safeguards we implement to discourage improper payments or offers of payments by our employees, consultants, and others may be ineffective, and violations of the FCPA and similar laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, or other liabilities or proceedings against us, any of which would likely harm our reputation, business, financial condition and result of operations.

Sales and Marketing

Currently, we predominantly rely upon a dedicated direct sales force and account management team to sell our solutions. The direct sales force is structured geographically and focuses on acquiring new health systems, large physician specialty practices and generating transactional sales with smaller practices and independent physicians. Our sales force mobilizes data to demonstrate a clear ROI for investing in our solution to potential customers. There is typically a 30-day implementation window from contract execution to first day of service to allow for provision of hardware, clinician workflow orientation, RDS assignment and receipt of EHR credentials.

Additional sales activity is driven by our account management team. The account management team is responsible for expansion within our existing client base. The team is structured by account segment: strategic enterprises, developing enterprises, and independents.

Our marketing efforts focus on lead generation, building market awareness and content support. Marketing drives market/brand awareness and inbound leads from both enterprises and independent physicians. Our team tracks the effectiveness of specific marketing campaigns to ensure their efficacy against our established cost-per-lead and customer acquisition cost targets. A variety of marketing approaches are leveraged including search engine optimization, paid search advertising, social media campaigns, social media advertising, and email marketing. We also focus on end-to-end marketing campaigns to drive leads and awareness, such as our recent Augmedix Notes launch.

Research & Development

Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (“AI/ML”)

We are developing the ability to integrate AI/ML into Notebuilder to increase efficiency by automatically providing note suggestions to our RDSs. This requires training AI/ML models comparing de-identified transcripts of patient visits with their corresponding medical notes. We store audio and note records used in this process only if agreed to by the customer. We use automated speech-to-text tools, as edited by transcriptionists, to produce transcripts for the persisted audios of selected doctor/patient visits. We apply a de-identification process to the audio transcripts of the doctor/patient visits to remove protected health information (“PHI”). This is followed by an annotation process to assign labels to both the transcripts and corresponding notes. The labels that come from the annotation step are used to develop classification models. The final stage is to apply one of several Natural Language Generation methods to generate sentences. Our goal is to provide note suggestions which will be integrated into Notebuilder to further reduce the amount of human intervention needed to create a medical note. These models are currently in the development phase.

Streaming Technologies

In addition to continuously improving our streaming platform, we constantly evaluate third-party streaming solutions for low latency, high fidelity. The goal is to improve the reliability and scalability of the Platform while reducing costs.

Devices for Providers

We continue to explore alternate hardware devices that can be used by clinicians. In addition to ease of use, improved audio quality, better connectivity and faster battery charge rate are some of the attributes used in our evaluation process.

Electronic Health Records (“EHRs”)

An EHR is a digital version of a patient’s paper chart. EHRs are real-time, patient-centered records that make information available instantly and securely to authorized users. While an EHR does contain the medical and treatment histories of patients, an EHR system is built to go beyond standard clinical data collected in a provider’s office and can be inclusive of a broader view of a patient’s care. EHRs are a vital part of health IT and can:

Health information can be created and managed by authorized providers in a digital format capable of being shared with other providers across more than one healthcare organization. EHRs are built to share information with other healthcare providers and organizations – such as laboratories, specialists, medical imaging facilities, pharmacies, emergency facilities, and school and workplace clinics. EHR systems are selected by our customers either as independent physicians, clinics or health systems.

Currently, we do all of our note transfers manually. We are developing technology to integrate our software tools into the EHR systems used by our large enterprise customers. For our smaller customers we expect to continue to transfer notes to the EHR manually but as we scale within an enterprise health system, EHR integration improves note quality, reduces RDS downtime, and improves RDS scheduling.

Transferring notes to an EHR requires secure access to the customer’s EHR which they must authorize to receive the service. We support various types of virtual private network (“VPN”) access to an EHR, such as site-to-site VPN tunnels, VPN client software, and browser-based VPN plugins like Citrix.

Intellectual Property

Intellectual property is an important aspect of our business, and we seek protection for our intellectual property as appropriate. We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, license agreements, confidentiality procedures, non-disclosure agreements, and confidentiality and invention assignment agreements, as well as other legal and contractual rights to establish and protect our proprietary rights.

We have been building and continue to build our patent portfolio relating to our technology platform. As of August 31, 2020, our patent portfolio consists of three pending patent applications in the U.S. We regularly review our development efforts to assess the existence and patentability of new intellectual property.

In addition to patents, we may rely, in some circumstances, on trade secrets and proprietary know-how to protect our technology and processes, especially when we do not believe that patent protection is appropriate or can be obtained. We seek to protect our proprietary technology and processes, in part, by entering into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees, consultants, and contractors upon the commencement of employment or consulting relationships.

We have filed for and obtained trademark protection in the U.S. for the AUGMEDIX word mark and AUGMEDIX CROSS logo for goods and services. We have also filed for trademark protection in India of the AUGMEDIX word mark for goods and services. We also have registered the domain name for our website, www.augmedix.com.

We intend to pursue additional intellectual property protection to the extent we believe it would be beneficial and cost effective. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights, they may not be respected in the future or may be invalidated, circumvented, or challenged.

Corporate Information

We were incorporated in the State of Delaware as Malo Holdings Corporation on December 27, 2018. On October 5, 2020, our wholly-owned subsidiary August Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation, merged with and into Augmedix, a Delaware corporation formed on April 30, 2013. Following the Merger, Augmedix was the surviving entity and became our wholly-owned subsidiary, and all of the outstanding shares of common and preferred stock of Augmedix were converted into shares of our common stock. The business of Augmedix became our business as a result of the Merger.

Our common stock is currently not listed on a national securities exchange or any other exchange, or quoted on an over-the-counter market. We intend to cause our common stock to be quoted on the OTC Markets QB tier as soon as practicable (and no later than 150 days) following the final closing date of the Offering.

Our principal executive offices are located at 1161 Mission Street, Suite LL, San Francisco, CA 94103. Our telephone number is (888) 669-4885. Our website address is www.augmedix.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part of this Report.

Employees

As of July 27, 2020, Augmedix had 93 full-time employees in the U.S., 3 in India and 288 in Bangladesh. None of our employees is represented by labor unions or covered by collective bargaining agreements. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.

Facilities

Our corporate headquarters are located in San Francisco, California, where we lease approximately 8,577 square feet of office space under a lease agreement that expires in February 2021. We also lease 23,578 square feet of corporate office space in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and an additional 3,800 square feet of commercial space used for RDS training in an adjacent facility under a lease agreement which also expires in 2028.

We believe our facilities are suitable to meet our current needs. We intend to lease new office space in San Francisco when our corporate headquarters lease expires, and to expand our facilities or add additional facilities in Dhaka, as we expect to reach the capacity of the existing facilities sometime in 2021. We believe that suitable alternative and/or additional space will be available to accommodate our needs in both San Francisco and Dhaka.

Legal Proceedings

We are not a party to any material pending legal proceedings. From time to time, we may become involved in lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information contained in this Report, including our audited annual and interim unaudited financial statements, unaudited pro forma financial statements and the related notes included in this Report, before deciding to invest in our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition could suffer materially. In such event, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you might lose all or part of your investment.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY

We have incurred significant losses in the past and will likely experience losses in the future.

We have incurred significant losses in the past and recorded a net loss of $18.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, and $7.7 million and $8.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $68.3 million, and $76.0 million at June 30, 2020. If we cannot make consistent progress toward future profitability, our business and our stock price may be adversely affected.

Our ability to be profitable in the future depends upon continued demand for our solutions from existing and new customers. Further adoption of our solutions depends upon our ability to improve the quality of our products, enhance clinician and physician satisfaction and increase efficiency and productivity. In addition, our profitability will be affected by, among other things, our ability to execute on our business strategy, the timing and size of contracts, the pricing and costs of our solutions, competitive offerings, macroeconomic conditions affecting the healthcare industry, the COVID-19 crisis, and the extent to which we invest in sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative resources.

We have outstanding debt obligations that exceed our cash reserves, and we may be unable to find additional sources of capital to fund our operations.

As of June 30, 2020, we had a $2,893,667 senior term loan under the Loan and Security Agreement, dated June 11, 2015, with Comerica Bank (as amended from time to time, including by that certain First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of February 14, 2017, that certain Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of April 11, 2017, that certain Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of July 28, 2017, that certain Fourth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of August 20, 2018, that certain Default Waiver and Fifth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of September 6, 2018, that certain Default Waiver and Sixth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of October 12, 2018, that certain Default Waiver and Seventh Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of August 5, 2019, and that certain Eighth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of August 28, 2019, together the “Comerica LSA”), a $2,180,300 “Paycheck Protection Program” loan under the Promissory Note, dated as of April 11, 2020, with East West Bank (the “PPP Loan”) and a $10,022,163 subordinated term loan outstanding under the Loan and Security Agreement, dated May 31, 2017, with Trinity Capital Fund III, L. P.(as amended from time to time, including by that certain First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated May 31, 2018, that certain Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated October 15, 2018, and that certain Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated August 29, 2019, together the “Trinity LSA” and together with the Comerica LSA, the “Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements”). The senior term loan under the Comerica LSA is due and payable in December 2020. The PPP loan is due and payable in April 2022. The subordinated term loan under the Trinity LSA begins amortizing over 28 monthly installments beginning in January 2021. Under current federal guidelines governing PPP loans, we believe we qualify for 100% repayment forgiveness of the PPP Loan, however, there can be no assurance that the federal guidelines will not change in the future and that we will be required to repay some, or all, of the PPP Loan.

Our cash and restricted cash balance stood at $5,411,246 on June 30, 2020, of which $2,000,188 is restricted under the Comerica LSA. As we currently do not generate positive cash flow from operations, we will need to refinance our debt obligations, or we will require an injection of outside funding to enable us to service our debt which may result in dilution to our stockholders. We plan to refinance the Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements, however, there can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance any of our debt or that we will be able to do so on favorable terms. Moreover, there can be no assurance that we will be able to secure additional outside funding in the event we are not able to refinance our existing debt on favorable terms, or at all. In the event our refinancing does not occur, our stock price may decline.

Our sales have been concentrated in a small number of customers.

Our revenues have been concentrated in a relatively small number of large customers, and we have historically derived a significant percentage of our total revenues from a few customers. For fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, our two largest customers accounted for 43% and 36%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues and 46% and 41% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. If one or more customers terminate all or any portion of an agreement, or if we fail to procure additional commitments with these or similarly significant customers, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We expect that we will continue to depend upon a relatively small number of customers for a significant portion of our total revenues for the foreseeable future. The loss of any of these customers or groups of customers for any reason, or a change of relationship with any of our key customers could cause a material decrease in our total revenues.

Additionally, mergers or consolidations among our customers in the healthcare industry could reduce the number of our customers and could adversely affect our revenues and sales. In particular, if our customers are acquired by entities that are not also our customers, that do not use our solutions or that have more favorable contract terms and choose to discontinue, reduce or change the terms of their use of our solutions, our business and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

We depend on a limited number of Vendors, and if we are unable to secure services from them, or the services they provide are inadequate, our business and operating results could be harmed.

We depend on a limited number of Vendors in India and Sri Lanka who provide, manage and supervise a significant proportion of the RDSs we depend upon for our business. Any interruption in our relationship with any of these Vendors could cause interruptions or delays in the delivery of our solutions to our customers, and this may force us to seek services from alternative sources, either externally or internally, which may not have the required specifications, or be available in time to meet demand or on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. In addition, any disruption in the ability of our Vendors to secure services from RDSs could disrupt our offering.

Our medical note documentation business relies on the deployment of RDSs through Vendors. The failure to achieve and maintain high-quality standards, including high accuracy of medical notes, reduction in errors that may cause harm to patients and avoidance of delays in the delivery of medical notes, could seriously hurt our business. If our Vendors fail to provide high quality services, we may incur additional costs and loss of revenues and harm to our reputation.

Our RDSs observe the clinician-patient interaction through an audio/video stream and extract the relevant elements of that interaction to create the medical notes that are then uploaded into the patient’s chart contained within the EHR system. We have limited control over the RDSs employed by our Vendors and any significant interruption in the operation of the facilities where they are employed, including an interruption caused by our failure to successfully expand or upgrade our systems or to manage these expansions or upgrades, or a failure of Vendors to handle higher volumes of use or train new personnel adequately, could reduce our ability to provide services, which could result in cancelled sales, loss of revenues and damage to our brand and reputation.

While we endeavor to ensure that our Vendors and their RDSs comply with all of our corporate policies and practices, including privacy and data security practices, we have a limited ability to monitor and ensure compliance. If a Vendor deviates from these policies, our reputation with our customers may be harmed and we may incur liability from our customers or governmental agencies.

Currently, many of the RDSs employed by our Vendors and us are forced to work from home due to ongoing shelter-in-place orders due to the COVID-19 crisis. The productivity of our RDSs may suffer as they adapt to these new environments and our ability to ensure compliance with our privacy and data security policies is more limited than in our RDS Operations Centers. This shift has also required additional IT resources for both us and our Vendors and has made the training of RDSs remote, and therefore more resource intensive. Any of these circumstances may also force us to redesign our solutions.

During the first half of 2020, we shifted to a new payment arrangement with our Vendors. This payment arrangement represents a substantial change from the previous model that operated prior to the first half of 2020 wherein Vendors charged us additional flat fees for each RDS passing our training and certification requirements. Under the new arrangement, effective for all Vendors, the hourly rate paid to each Vendor incorporates the amortized cost of training and certifications. If this arrangement proves unsatisfactory to us or our Vendors, we may need to modify these arrangements, which may impact the availability or productivity of our RDSs and may ultimately adversely impact our business.

We depend on a number of technology providers, and if we are unable to source solutions from them then our business and operating results could be harmed.

Our solutions incorporate multiple software components obtained from licensors on a non-exclusive basis, such as customer relations management software and database and reporting software. Our license agreements can be terminated for cause. In many cases, these license agreements specify a limited term and are only renewable beyond that term with the consent of the licensor. If a licensor terminates a license agreement for cause, objects to its renewal or conditions renewal on modified terms and conditions, we may be unable to obtain licenses for equivalent software components on reasonable terms and conditions, including licensing fees, warranties or protection from infringement claims. Some licensors may discontinue licensing their software to us or support of the software version used in our solutions. In such circumstances, we may need to redesign our solutions with substantial cost and time investment to incorporate alternative software components or be subject to higher royalty costs. Any of these circumstances could adversely affect the cost and availability of our solutions.

Our solution depends on our ability to operate within the EHR systems of our customers, and if we are unable to access these systems then our operations and business and operating results could be harmed.

Our RDSs observe the clinician-patient interaction, through an audio/video stream, and extract the relevant elements of that interaction to create the medical notes that are then uploaded into the patient’s chart contained within the EHR system employed by our customers. While over 700 different EHRs are available in the U.S., the largest providers are Epic, Cerner, Allscripts and Athena. Any interruption in our ability to access our customer’s EHR systems, either due to software bugs, outages or changes in EHR licenses or policies, could interfere with our ability to update patient records. For example, earlier this year Epic instituted a privacy and security policy change which restricted the ability of non-U.S. vendors from accessing the EHR system for certain of Epic’s health system customers unless grandfathered. While we were unaffected by this policy change for current customers, this change could affect our ability to serve future customers with our foreign-based RDSs and consequently such EHR policy changes may affect our operations.

Our significant international operations subject us to additional risks that can adversely affect our business results of operations and financial condition.

We have significant international operations, including in emerging markets such as Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka, and we are continuing to expand our international operations as part of our growth strategy. As of June 30, 2020, approximately 79% of our employees were in Bangladesh, where we conduct a significant portion of our RDS operations, development activities and various support services. Of our RDSs, as of June 30, 2020, including those provided by our Vendors, approximately 25% were in Bangladesh, 69% were in India, and 4% were in Sri Lanka.

Our strategy to diversify geographical risk by operating out of several operating centers located in various cities throughout Asia may fail due to our inability to navigate the challenge of international operations. Operating in international markets, and particularly South Asia, requires significant resources and management attention and will subject us to regulatory, economic and political risks and competition that are different from those in the U.S. We cannot assure you that our international expansion efforts will be successful or that returns on such investments will be achieved in the future. In addition, our international operations may fail to succeed due to other risks inherent in operating businesses internationally, including:

Our failure to manage any of these risks successfully could harm our existing and future international operations and seriously impair our overall business.

If we fail to successfully develop and introduce new solutions and features to existing solutions, our revenues, operating results and reputation could suffer.

Our success depends, in part, upon our ability to develop and introduce new solutions and to add features to existing solutions that meet existing and new customer requirements. We may not be able to develop and introduce new solutions or features on a timely basis or in response to customers’ changing requirements. Similarly, our new solutions and features, including our investments in employing AI/ML in Notebuilder, use of new streaming technology solutions, use of new hardware devices and enhanced EHR system integration efforts, may not sufficiently differentiate us from competing solutions such that customers can justify deploying our solutions. If we encounter setbacks in our efforts to employ AI/ML and other intelligence automation tools to increase the rate at which our RDSs convert unstructured data into structured data in the process of creating medical notes, our business may suffer. We expect to incur costs associated with the development and introduction of new solutions before the anticipated benefits or the returns are realized, if at all. We may experience technical problems and additional costs as we introduce new features to our platform and service and the productivity and satisfaction of physicians and clinicians could decrease, which might result in decreased use of our Augmedix Live and Augmedix Notes solutions. If any of these problems were to arise, our revenues, operating results and reputation could suffer.

Due to the COVID-19 crisis, we have taken certain precautions to keep our RDSs and employees safe that could harm our business.

In light of the uncertain and rapidly evolving situation relating the spread of COVID-19 crisis and in compliance with recent shelter-in-place orders and other government executive orders directing that all non-essential businesses close their physical operations, we have taken measures intended to help minimize the risk of transmitting the virus to our employees, our customers and the communities in which we participate, which could negatively impact our business. These measures include temporarily requiring all non-essential employees to work remotely, suspending all non-essential travel worldwide for our employees, canceling, postponing or holding virtually Augmedix-sponsored events and discouraging employee attendance at industry events and in-person work-related meetings. While we have a distributed workforce and our employees are accustomed to working remotely or working with other remote employees, our workforce is not fully remote. Our employees travel frequently to establish and maintain relationships with one another and with our customers, partners and investors. Further, most of our U.S.-based and internationally-based RDSs have shifted to remote working which may have an adverse impact on our business due to decreased morale among RDSs, increased strain on IT systems, increased difficulty in ensuring compliance with our data security and compliance policies, and increased difficulty in the training, development and recruitment of new RDSs. Our ability to service our customers with RDSs working remotely is contingent upon the consent of our customers, which some customers may not provide. Although we continue to monitor the situation and may adjust our current policies as more information and guidance become available, temporarily suspending travel and doing business in-person could negatively impact our marketing efforts, our ability to enter into customer contracts in a timely manner, our international expansion efforts, our ability to recruit employees across the organization and in sales and marketing, in particular, which could have longer term effects on our sales pipeline or create operational or other challenges as we adjust to a fully-remote workforce for the duration of the COVID-19 crisis, any of which could harm our business. In addition, our management team has, and will likely continue, to spend significant time, attention and resources monitoring the COVID-19 crisis and seeking to manage its effects on our business and workforce. The extent to which the COVID-19 crisis and our precautionary measures may impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.

We may not be able to keep pace with changes in technology or provide timely enhancements to our products and services.

The market for our products is characterized by rapid technological advancements, changes in customer requirements, frequent new product introductions and enhancements and changing industry standards. To maintain our growth strategy, we must adapt and respond to technological advances and technological requirements of our customers. Our future success will depend on our ability to: enhance our current products, including Augmedix Notes and Augmedix Live; introduce new products in order to keep pace with products offered by our competitors; enhance capabilities, including efforts to increase RDS efficiency through improvements to Notebuilder and Builder Manager; increase the performance of our internal systems, particularly our systems that meet our customers’ requirements and integration with their EHR systems; and adapt to technological advancements and changing industry and regulatory standards for privacy and the management of EHR systems. We continue to make significant investments related to the development of new technology. If our systems become outdated, it may negatively impact our ability to meet performance expectations related to quality, time to market, cost and innovation relative to our competitors. The failure to increase efficiency for healthcare enterprises and improve patient and clinician satisfaction may adversely impact our business and operating results. The failure to continually develop enhancements and use of technologies such as AI/ML, use of new streaming technology solutions, advancements in hardware devices for RDSs and clinicians and enhanced EHR systems integration efforts may impact our ability to increase the efficiency of, and reduce costs associated with, operational risk management and compliance activities.

Any failure to offer high-quality customer support for our platform may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and harm our financial results.

Once our solutions are implemented, our customers use our support organization to resolve technical issues relating to our solutions. In addition, we also believe that our success in selling our solutions is highly dependent on our business reputation and on favorable recommendations from our existing customers. Any failure to maintain high-quality customer support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality support, could harm our reputation, adversely affect our ability to maintain existing customers or sell our solutions to existing and prospective customers, and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We may be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in customer demand for support services. Increased customer demand for these services, without corresponding revenues, could also increase costs and adversely affect our operating results.

If we are unable to attract and retain key personnel, our business could be harmed.

To execute our business strategy, we must attract and retain highly qualified personnel. If any of our key employees were to leave, we could face substantial difficulty in hiring qualified successors and could experience a loss in productivity while any successor obtains the necessary training and experience. Although we have arrangements with some of our executive officers designed to promote retention, our employment relationships are generally at-will and we have had key employees leave in the past. We cannot assure you that one or more key employees will not leave in the future. In particular, we compete with many other companies for software developers and other skilled information technology, marketing, sales and operations professionals, and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining the professionals we need. We have from time to time in the past experienced, and we expect to continue to experience in the future, difficulty in hiring and difficulty in retaining highly skilled employees with appropriate qualifications. In particular, we have experienced a competitive hiring environment in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area, where we are headquartered. Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we do. For example, in September 2020, our Chief Technology Officer resigned to join a larger technology company. In addition, in making employment decisions job candidates often consider the value of the equity incentives they are to receive in connection with their employment. We and our Vendors also face increasing competition in the recruitment of RDSs in the U.S., Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka, both from competitors and other opportunities emerging for those with our RDSs’ skillset. If we and our Vendors experience difficulty in recruiting and retaining RDSs, our business may be adversely affected. If the price of our stock declines, or experiences significant volatility, our ability to attract or retain key employees will be adversely affected. We intend to continue to hire additional highly qualified personnel, including research and development and operational personnel, but may not be able to attract, assimilate or retain qualified personnel in the future. Any failure to attract, integrate, motivate and retain these employees could harm our business.

Our revenues and operating results have fluctuated, and are likely to continue to fluctuate, making our quarterly results difficult to predict, which may cause us to miss analyst expectations and may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

Our operating results have been and may continue to be difficult to predict, even in the near term, and are likely to fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control.

Comparisons of our revenues and operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. You should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. Each of the following factors, among others, could cause our operating results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter:

We are subject to various state and federal and foreign laws and regulations, including healthcare, data protection and privacy laws and regulations, that may impact our business and could subject us to significant fines and penalties or other negative consequences.

Our operations may be directly or indirectly subject to various state and federal healthcare laws, including, without limitation, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, federal civil and criminal false claims laws, HIPAA, the federal Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”), the federal civil monetary penalties statute, and the federal transparency requirements under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (“PPACA”). These laws may impact, among other things, the sales, for Augmedix Live and Augmedix Notes.

The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits persons and entities from knowingly and willingly soliciting, offering, receiving or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for or to induce either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing or arranging for a good or service, for which payment may be made under a federal healthcare program such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of an arrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the statute has been violated. Additionally, PPACA amended the intent requirement of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute such that a person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to have committed a violation. The Anti-Kickback Statute is broad and prohibits many arrangements and practices that would otherwise be lawful in businesses outside of the healthcare industry.

The federal civil and criminal false claims laws, including the civil False Claims Act, prohibit, among other things, persons or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim to, or the knowing use of false statements to obtain payment from or approval by the federal government, including the Medicare and Medicaid programs, or knowingly making, using, or causing to be made or used a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim or to avoid, decrease or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government. PPACA codified case law that provides that the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the civil False Claims Act. Suits filed under the civil False Claims Act, known as “qui tam” actions, can be brought by any individual on behalf of the government and such individuals, commonly known as “whistleblowers,” may share in any amounts paid by the entity to the government in fines or settlement. Many life science and other healthcare companies have recently been investigated or subject to lawsuits by whistleblowers and have reached substantial financial settlements with the federal government under the civil False Claims Act for a variety of alleged improper marketing or other activities, including providing free product to customers with the expectation that the customers would bill federal programs for the product; providing consulting fees, grants, free travel, and other benefits to physicians to induce them to prescribe the Company’s products; and inflating prices reported to private price publication services, which are used to set drug reimbursement rates under government healthcare programs.

HIPAA created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among other things, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, knowingly and willfully embezzling or stealing from a healthcare benefit program, willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense, and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing, or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services. Similar to the Anti-Kickback Statute, PPACA amended the intent requirement of the criminal healthcare fraud statutes such that a person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of the statute or intent to violate it to have committed a violation.

HIPAA, as amended by HITECH, and its implementing regulations, governs certain types of individuals and entities with respect to the conduct of certain electronic healthcare transactions and imposes certain obligations with respect to the security and privacy of protected health information. The federal civil monetary penalties statute imposes penalties against any person or entity that, among other things, is determined to have presented or caused to be presented a claim to a federal health program that the person knows or should know is for an item or service that was not provided as claimed or is false or fraudulent.

Many states and foreign jurisdictions have similar laws and regulations, such as anti-kickback, anti-bribery and corruption, false claims, privacy and data protection laws, to which we are currently and/or may in the future, be subject. We are also subject to numerous other laws and regulations that are not specific to the healthcare industry. For instance, the FCPA, prohibits companies and individuals from engaging in specified activities to obtain or retain business or to influence a person working in an official capacity. Under the FCPA, it is illegal to pay, offer to pay or authorize the payment of anything of value to any foreign government official, governmental staff members, political party or political candidate in an attempt to obtain or retain business or to otherwise influence a person working in an official capacity. The FCPA also requires public companies to make and keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect the transactions of the corporation and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls. Although we take our obligation to maintain our compliance with these various laws and regulations seriously and our compliance program is designed to prevent the violation of these laws and regulations, we cannot guarantee that our compliance program will be sufficient or effective, that we will be able to integrate the operations of acquired businesses into our compliance program on a timely basis, that our employees will comply with our policies and that our employees will notify us of any violation of our policies, that we will have the ability to take appropriate and timely corrective action in response to any such violation, or that we will make decisions and take actions that will necessarily limit or avoid liability for whistleblower claims that individuals, such as employees or former employees, may bring against us or that governmental authorities may prosecute against us based on information provided by individuals. If we are found to be in violation of any of the laws and regulations described above or other applicable state and federal healthcare laws, we may be subject to penalties, including civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, contractual damages, reputational harm, imprisonment, diminished profits and future earnings, exclusion from government healthcare reimbursement programs, additional reporting requirements and oversight if we become subject to a corporate integrity agreement or similar agreement to resolve allegations of non-compliance with these laws, and/or the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and growth prospects. Any action against us for violation of these laws or regulations, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business. Moreover, achieving and sustaining compliance with applicable federal, state and foreign healthcare laws is costly and time-consuming for our management.

We also may be bound by contractual obligations and other obligations relating to privacy, data protection, and information security that are more stringent than applicable laws and regulations. The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, laws, regulations, standards, and other obligations relating to privacy, data protection, and information security are significant. For example, in January 2020, the California Consumer Privacy Act, which provides new data privacy rights for consumers and contains new operational requirements for companies, went into effect. Some companies, particularly larger or global enterprises, often will not contract with vendors that do not meet these rigorous standards and often seek contract terms to ensure we are financially liable for any breach of laws or regulations. Accordingly, our failure, or perceived inability, to comply with these laws, regulations, standards, and other obligations may limit the use and adoption of our solution, reduce overall demand for our solution, lead to regulatory investigations, breach of contract claims, litigation, and significant fines, penalties, or liabilities for actual or alleged noncompliance or slow the pace at which we close sales transactions, any of which could harm our business.

Efforts to comply with regulatory mandates to increase the use of electronic health data and health system interoperability may lead to negative publicity which could adversely affect our business.

For many years, a primary focus of the healthcare industry has been to increase the use of EHRs and the sharing of the health data among providers, payors and other members of the industry. The federal government has been a significant driver of that initiative through rules and regulations. In 2009, as part of HITECH, the federal government set aside $27 billion of incentives for hospitals and providers to adopt EHR systems. In 2019, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (the “CMS”), proposed policy changes supporting its MyHealthEData initiative to improve patient access and advance electronic data exchange and care coordination throughout the healthcare system. The Interoperability and Patient Access Proposed Rule seeks to make patient data more useful and transferable through open, secure, standardized, and machine-readable formats while reducing restrictive burdens on healthcare providers. In addition to this proposed rule, CMS released a request for information to obtain feedback on interoperability and health information technology adoption in post-acute care settings. As noted in connection with the release of the proposed rule, CMS seeks to break down existing barriers to important data exchange in all aspects of healthcare from patients to providers to payers and researchers.

The goals of increased use of electronic health data and interoperability are improved quality of care and lower healthcare costs generally, and the services we provide rely upon the necessity of electronic health data. However, increased use of electronic health data and the interoperability between our services and those systems inherently magnifies the risk of security breaches involving that data and information systems, including our own. Additionally, the sharing of health information such as that we produce and summarized through Augmedix Live and Augmedix Notes, has received increasingly negative publicity. There is at least one well publicized instance where organizations received significant negative publicity for sharing health data despite having appeared to comply in all respects with privacy laws. There can be no assurance that our efforts to improve the services we deliver and to comply with the law through the use of electronic data and system interoperability will not receive negative publicity that may materially and adversely affect our ability to serve clinicians. Negative publicity may also lead to federal or state regulation that conflicts with current federal policy and interferes with the healthcare industry’s efforts to improve care and reduce costs through use of electronic data and interoperability. Further regulation of EHR systems and health records generally may also interfere with our intelligence amplification efforts to help automate the medical note creation process.

The healthcare industry is highly regulated. Any material changes in the political, economic or regulatory healthcare environment that affect the group purchasing business or the purchasing practices and operations of healthcare organizations, or that lead to consolidation in the healthcare industry, could require us to modify our services or reduce the funds available to providers to purchase our solutions and services.

Our business, financial condition and results of operations depend upon conditions affecting the healthcare industry generally and hospitals and health systems particularly. Our ability to grow will depend upon the economic environment of the healthcare industry, as well as our ability to increase the number of solutions that we sell to our customers. The healthcare industry is highly regulated and is subject to changing political, economic and regulatory influences. Factors such as changes in reimbursement policies for healthcare expenses, consolidation in the healthcare industry, regulation, litigation and general economic conditions affect the purchasing practices, operation and, ultimately, the operating funds of healthcare organizations. In particular, changes in regulations affecting EHRs, or restrictions on permissible discounts and other financial arrangements, could require us to make unplanned modifications to our solutions and services, or result in delays or cancellations of orders or reduce funds and demand for our solutions and services.

If we fail to offer high-quality services and support for any of our solutions, our operating results and our ability to sell those solutions in the future will be harmed.

Our ability to sell our solutions depends on our implementation services and technical support teams providing high-quality services and support. Our implementation services team assists our customers with their clinical integration, training and project management during the pre-deployment and deployment stages. Once our solutions are deployed within a customer’s facility, the customer typically depends on our technical support team to help resolve technical issues, assist in optimizing the use of our solutions and facilitate adoption of new functionality. If we do not effectively assist our customers in deploying our solutions, succeed in helping our customers quickly resolve technical and other post-deployment issues, or provide effective ongoing support services, our ability to expand the use of our solutions within existing customers and to sell our solutions to new customers will be harmed. If deployment of our solutions is deemed unsatisfactory, we may incur significant costs to attain and sustain customer satisfaction or, in extreme cases, our customers may choose not to deploy our solutions. As we hire new services and support personnel, we may inadvertently hire underperforming people who will have to be replaced, or fail to effectively train such employees, leading in some instances to slower growth, additional costs and poor customer relations.

As we continue to pursue opportunities for larger deals that have greater technical complexity or that involve the deployment of products and services that are untested as compared to our older products (such as Augmedix Notes), including deals that require more complex integrations with our customer’s workflows, we may experience a longer time period for our solutions to deploy and as a result, our revenue recognition for these deals may be delayed. Additionally, as we enter agreements with new and existing customers for larger and more complex deals, we have been, and may continue to be, required to agree to customer acceptance and cancellation clauses. With acceptance clauses, delays may occur in obtaining customer acceptance regardless of the quality of our products and services, and may cause us to defer revenue recognition where such acceptance provisions are substantive in nature, or they may require us to incur additional costs in an effort to obtain such customer acceptance. Cancellation clauses may result in a customer canceling an order for services, which could impact our revenues.

If our solutions experience data security breaches, and there is unauthorized access to our customers’ data, we may lose current or future customers, our reputation and business may be harmed and we may incur significant liabilities.

Our solutions are used by our customers to manage and store personally identifiable information, proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data relating to their business. Although we maintain security features in our solutions, our security measures may not detect or prevent hacker interceptions, break-ins, security breaches, the introduction of viruses or malicious code, such as “ransomware,” and other disruptions that may jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted by our solutions. Cyber-attacks and other malicious Internet-based activity continue to increase generally and may be directed at either the solution used by our customers or our corporate information technology software and infrastructure. 

Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, exploit vulnerabilities or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques, patch vulnerabilities, or implement adequate preventative measures. Certain of our customers may have a greater sensitivity to security defects or breaches in our software than to defects in other, less critical, software solutions. Any actual or perceived security breach or theft of the business-critical data of one or more of our customers, regardless of whether the breach is attributable to the failure of our software or solutions, may adversely affect the market’s perception of our solutions. There can be no assurance that limitation of liability, indemnification or other protective provisions in our contracts would be applicable, enforceable or adequate in connection with a security breach, or would otherwise protect us from any such liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim. We also cannot be sure that our existing general liability insurance coverage and coverage for errors or omissions will continue to be available on acceptable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims, or that the insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. One or more large claims may be asserted against us that exceed our available insurance coverage, or changes in our insurance policies may occur, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements. Because the majority of our employees, Vendors and RDSs have shifted to remote work due to ongoing shelter in place orders due to the COVID-19 crisis, our ability to safeguard our systems may be adversely impacted, and we may be more susceptible to data security breaches.

Furthermore, a party that is able to circumvent our security measures or exploit any vulnerabilities in our solutions could misappropriate our or our customers’ proprietary or confidential information, cause interruption in their operations, damage or misuse their computer systems, misuse any information that they misappropriate, cause early termination of our contracts, subject us to notification and indemnity obligations, litigation, and regulatory investigation or governmental sanctions, cause us to lose existing customers, and harm our ability to attract future customers. Because our business is reliant on integration with EHR systems of healthcare providers, and the protection of sensitive patient information, any such breach could cause harm to our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations, and we may incur significant liability, and as a result our business and financial position may be harmed.

Our business and reputation may be impacted by IT system failures or other disruptions.

We may be subject to IT systems failures and network disruptions. These may be caused by natural disasters, accidents, power disruptions, telecommunications failures, acts of terrorism or war, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins or other events or disruptions. System redundancy may be ineffective or inadequate, and our disaster recovery planning may not be sufficient for all eventualities. Such failures or disruptions could prevent access to or the delivery of certain of our products or services, compromise our data or our customers’ data or result in delayed or cancelled orders, as well as potentially expose us to third-party claims. System failures and disruptions could also impede our transactions processing services and financial reporting.

War, terrorism, geopolitical uncertainties, public health issues, including pandemics, and other business disruptions have caused and could cause damage to the global economy, and thus have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results. Our business operations are subject to interruption by natural disasters, fire, power shortages, terrorist attacks and other hostile acts, labor disputes, public health issues and other issues beyond our control. Such events could decrease our demand for our products or services or make it difficult or impossible for us to develop and deliver our products or services to our customers. A significant portion of our research and development activities, our corporate headquarters, our IT systems and certain of our other critical business operations are concentrated in a few geographic areas. In the event of a business disruption in one or more of those areas, our ability to provide medical note documentation services could suffer, and we could incur significant losses, require substantial recovery time, and experience significant expenditures in order to resume operations, which could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition and operating results.

Unauthorized use of our proprietary technology and intellectual property could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our success and competitive position depend in large part on our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property rights protecting our products and services. We rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks, service marks, trade secrets, confidentiality provisions and licensing arrangements to establish and protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights. Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or discover aspects of our products or to obtain, license, sell or otherwise use information that we regard as proprietary. Policing unauthorized use of our products is difficult and we may not be able to protect our technology from unauthorized use. Additionally, our competitors may independently develop technologies that are substantially the same or superior to our technologies and that do not infringe our rights. In these cases, we would be unable to prevent our competitors from selling or licensing these similar or superior technologies. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S., and litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Litigation, regardless of the outcome, can be very expensive and can divert management focus and efforts.

Our sales cycles are lengthy, and it is difficult for us to predict when or if sales will occur.

Our sales efforts are often targeted at larger healthcare systems, and large physician specialty practices, and as a result, we face greater costs, must devote greater sales support to individual customers, have longer sales cycles and have less predictability in completing some of our sales. Also, sales to large healthcare systems often require us to provide greater levels of education regarding the use and benefits of our solutions. Our average sales cycle length is approximately 70 days, as measured from the point of initial contact with a potential client to the time a contract is signed.

We believe that our customers view the purchase of our solutions as a significant and strategic decision. As a result, customers carefully evaluate our solutions, often over long periods with a variety of internal constituencies. In addition, the sales of our solutions may be subject to delays if the customer has lengthy internal budgeting, integration, approval and evaluation processes, which are quite common in the context of introducing large enterprise-wide technology solutions in the healthcare industry. As a result, it is difficult to predict the timing of our future sales.

We depend on our management team and our key sales and development and services personnel, and the loss of one or more key employees or groups could harm our business and prevent us from implementing our business plan in a timely manner.

Our success depends on the expertise, efficacy and continued services of our executive officers. We have in the past, and may in the future, continue to experience changes in our executive management team resulting from the departure of executives or subsequent hiring of new executives, which may be disruptive to our business. For example, in March 2019, we hired a Chief Operating Officer, in April 2019, we hired a new Chief Revenue Officer, in May 2019, we hired a new Chief Technology Officer, in January 2020, we hired a Chief Medical Officer, in July 2020, we hired a new Chief Financial Officer, and in September 2020, our Chief Technology Officer resigned from the Company to join a larger technology company. Any changes in business strategies or leadership can create uncertainty, may negatively impact our ability to execute our business strategy quickly and effectively and may ultimately be unsuccessful. The impact of hiring new executives may not be immediately realized. We are also substantially dependent on the continued service of our existing development and services personnel because of their familiarity with the inherent complexities of our systems and solutions.

Failure to adequately expand and train our direct sales force will impede our growth.

We rely almost exclusively on our direct sales force to sell our solutions. We believe that our future growth will depend, to a significant extent, on the continued development of our direct sales force and its ability to manage and retain our existing customer base, expand the sales of our solutions to existing customers and obtain new customers. Because our solution is complex and often must interoperate with complex healthcare provider workflows and systems, it can take longer for our sales personnel to become fully productive. Our ability to achieve significant growth in revenues in the future will depend, in large part, on our success in recruiting, training and retaining a sufficient number of direct sales personnel. New hires require significant training and may, in some cases, take considerable time before becoming fully productive, if at all. If we are unable to hire and develop sufficient numbers of productive direct sales personnel, and if these sales personnel are unable to achieve full productivity, sales of our solutions will suffer and our growth will be impeded.

If we fail to increase market awareness of our brand and solutions, expand our sales and marketing operations, improve our sales execution, and increase our sales channels, our business could be harmed.

We intend to continue to add personnel and resources in sales and marketing as we focus on expanding awareness of our brand and solutions and capitalize on sales opportunities with new and existing customers. Our efforts to improve sales of our solutions will result in an increase in our sales and marketing expense and general and administrative expense, and these efforts may not be successful. Some newly hired sales and marketing personnel may subsequently be determined to be unproductive and have to be replaced, resulting in operational and sales delays and incremental costs. If we are unable to significantly increase the awareness of our brand and solutions or effectively manage the costs associated with these efforts, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.

We must improve our sales execution in order to, among other things, increase the number of our sales opportunities and grow our revenues. We must improve the market awareness of our solutions, expand our relationships with our channel partners and create new channel partnerships, in order to increase our revenues. Further, we believe that we must continue to develop our relationships with new and existing customers and partners and create additional sales opportunities to effectively and efficiently extend our geographic reach and market penetration. Our efforts to improve our sales execution could result in a material increase in our sales and marketing expense and general and administrative expense, and there can be no assurance that such efforts will be successful. Further, as we increase our efforts to target smaller medical practices and independent physicians as well as leverage channel partnerships to drive sales, we may be unable to tailor our sales efforts to these strategies. If we are unable to significantly improve our sales execution, increase the awareness of our solutions, create additional sales opportunities, expand our relationships with channel partners, leverage our relationship with strategic partners, or effectively manage the costs associated with these efforts, our operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

Our revenues are dependent on our ability to maintain and expand existing customer relationships and our ability to attract new customers.

The continued growth of our revenues is dependent in part on our ability to expand the use of our solutions by existing customers and attract new customers. Our customers have no obligation to renew their agreements after the expiration of the initial term, and there can be no assurance that they will do so. We have had in the past, and may in the future, have customers discontinue the use of our solution, which may impact such customers’ decisions to continue to use our solutions.

If we are unable to expand our customers’ use of our solutions (which principally involves ensuring that more physicians and clinicians within our existing healthcare group customers adopt our solutions), maintain our renewal rates and expand our customer base, our revenues may decline or fail to increase at historical growth rates, which could adversely affect our business and operating results. In addition, if our customers experience dissatisfaction with our service in the future, we may find it more difficult to increase use of our solutions within our existing customer base and it may be more difficult to attract new customers, or we may be required to grant credits or refunds, any of which could negatively impact our operating results and materially harm our business.

Our industry is highly competitive, and we may not be able to compete effectively.

Our industry is highly competitive, highly fragmented and subject to rapid change. We believe that the principal competitive factors in our markets are breadth and depth of process, technology and domain expertise, service quality, reliability of products, services and personnel, the ability to attract, train and retain qualified people, compliance rigor, price and marketing and sales capabilities. In particular, as AI/ML technology develops, competitors may be able to better utilize this technology to automate the medical note documentation process rendering our solution less competitive. Further, the recruitment and retention of RDSs by us and our Vendors has become more competitive in the U.S., Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka as increasing opportunities emerge for our RDSs’ talents, and we may be unable to attract high quality documentation specialists which could cause the quality and competitiveness of our medical note documentation solution to suffer. We compete for business with a variety of companies, including large multinational firms that provide consulting, technology and/or transcription services, off-shore transcription service providers in low-cost locations, and in-house captives of potential customers.

Some of our competitors have greater financial, marketing, technological or other resources and larger client bases than we do and may expand their service offerings and compete more effectively for customers and employees than we do. Some of our competitors have more established reputations and client relationships in our markets than we do. There could also be new competitors that are more powerful as a result of strategic consolidation of smaller competitors or of companies that each provide different services or service different industries.

Due to the Covid-19 crisis, and ongoing shelter-in-place orders, many of our competitors providing in-person, real-time medical note documentation have been forced to rapidly adapt to shelter in place orders and employ technology for the delivery of their documentation solution. As more of these in-person providers shift to providing services remotely, we may face increased competition in the remote, real-time medical note documentation segment in which we primarily operate.

Increased competition may result in lower prices and volumes, higher costs for resources, especially people, and lower profitability. We may not be able to supply customers with services that they deem superior and at competitive prices and we may lose business to our competitors. Any inability to compete effectively would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fire, floods and other natural catastrophic events, and to interruption by man-made problems such as power disruptions or terrorism.

Our corporate headquarters are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, a region known for seismic activity, and most of our RDSs and Vendors are located in South Asia, a region known to suffer terrorism and natural disasters, including floods, typhoons, droughts and epidemics or contagious diseases. A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire or a flood, or epidemic or contagious disease, such as the COVID-19 crisis, occurring at our headquarters, our other facilities or where our RDSs are located, could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, acts of terrorism could cause disruptions in our business, the businesses of our customers and suppliers, or the economy as a whole. We also rely on information technology systems to communicate among our workforce located worldwide, and in particular, our senior management, general and administrative, and research and development activities that are coordinated with our corporate headquarters in the San Francisco Bay Area. Any disruption to our internal communications, whether caused by a natural disaster, an epidemic or contagious disease, or by man-made problems, such as power disruptions, in the San Francisco Bay Area, Bangladesh, India or Sri Lanka could delay our research and development efforts, cause delays or cancellations of customer orders or delay deployment of our solutions, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our use of open source and non-commercial software components could impose risks and limitations on our ability to commercialize our solutions.

Our solutions contain software modules licensed under open source and other types of non-commercial licenses. We also may incorporate open source and other licensed software into our solutions in the future. Use and distribution of such software may entail greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as licenses of these types generally do not provide warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code. Some of these licenses require the release of our proprietary source code to the public if we combine our proprietary software with open source software in certain manners. This could allow competitors to create similar products with lower development effort and time and ultimately result in a loss of sales for us.

The terms of many open source and other non-commercial licenses have not been judicially interpreted, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our solutions. In such event, in order to continue offering our solutions, we could be required to seek licenses from alternative licensors, which may not be available on a commercially reasonable basis or at all, to re-engineer our solutions or to discontinue the sale of our solutions in the event we cannot obtain a license or re-engineer our solutions on a timely basis, any of which could harm our business and operating results. In addition, if an owner of licensed software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of the corresponding license agreement, we could incur significant legal costs defending ourselves against such allegations. In the event such claims were successful, we could be subject to significant damages, be required to disclose our source code, or be enjoined from the distribution of our solutions.

We rely on a small number of third-party service providers to host and deliver our solution, and any interruptions or delays in services from these third parties could impair the delivery of our cloud-based solutions and harm our business.

We currently operate our solutions primarily through third-party data centers. We do not control the operation of these facilities. These facilities are vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters, fires, power loss, telecommunications failures and similar events. They are also subject to break-ins, computer viruses, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and other misconduct. The occurrence of a natural disaster or an act of terrorism, a decision to close the facilities without adequate notice or other unanticipated problems could result in lengthy interruptions, which would have a serious adverse impact on our business. Additionally, our data center agreements are of limited duration, subject to early termination rights in certain circumstances, may include inadequate indemnification and liability provisions, and the providers of our data centers have no obligation to renew their agreements with us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

We currently employ third-party data centers in the U.S. for hosting our solution and for retention of data, and we may transfer data to other providers or locations. Despite precautions taken during this process, any unsuccessful data transfers may impair the delivery of our service. Interruptions in our service, data loss or corruption may subject us to liability to our customers, cause customers to terminate their agreements and adversely affect our renewal rates and our ability to attract new customers. Data transfers may also subject us to regional privacy and data protection laws that apply to the transmission of customer data across international borders.

We also depend on access to the Internet through third-party bandwidth providers to operate our solution. If we lose the services of one or more of our bandwidth providers, or if these providers experience outages, for any reason, we could experience disruption in delivering our cloud-based solutions or we could be required to retain the services of a replacement bandwidth provider. Any Internet outages or delays could adversely affect our ability to provide our solutions to our customers. Our data center operations also rely heavily on the availability of electricity, which also comes from third-party providers. If we or the third-party data center facilities that we use to deliver our services were to experience a major power outage or if the cost of electricity were to increase significantly, our operations and financial results could be harmed. If we or our third-party data centers were to experience a major power outage, we or they would have to rely on back-up generators, which might not work properly or might not provide an adequate supply during a major power outage. Such a power outage could result in a significant disruption of our business.

The estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth included in this Report may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all.

Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts included in this Report, including those we have generated ourselves, are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The variables that go into the calculation of our market opportunity are subject to change over time, and there is no guarantee that any particular number or percentage of addressable users or companies covered by our market opportunity estimates will purchase our products at all or generate any particular level of revenues for us. Any expansion in our market depends on a number of factors, including the cost, performance, and perceived value associated with our services and those of our competitors. Even if the market in which we compete meets the size estimates and growth forecasted in this Report, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all. Our growth is subject to many factors, including our success in implementing our business strategy, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, the forecasts of market growth included in this Report should not be taken as indicative of our future growth.

We may require additional capital to support our business growth, and such capital may not be available.

We intend to continue to make investments to support business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, which include the need to develop new solutions or enhance existing solutions, enhance our operating infrastructure, expand our sales and marketing capabilities, and acquire complementary businesses, technologies or assets. Accordingly, we may need to engage in additional equity or debt financing to secure funds. Equity and debt financing, however, might not be available when needed or, if available, might not be available on terms satisfactory to us. If we raise additional funds through equity financing, our stockholders may experience dilution. Debt financing, if available, may involve covenants restricting our operations or our ability to incur additional debt If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us in the future, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited as we may have to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate some or all of our initiatives, which could harm our operating results.

Our Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements provide our lenders with first-priority liens against substantially all of our assets and contain financial covenants and other restrictions on our actions, which could limit our operational flexibility and otherwise adversely affect our financial condition.

Our Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements restricts our ability to, among other things:

Our Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements also prohibits us during certain covered time periods from allowing Minimum Cash (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements) and EBITDA (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements) at all times from dropping below prescribed minimums. Our ability to comply with this and other covenants is dependent upon several factors, some of which are beyond our control.

Our failure to comply with the covenants or payment requirements, or the occurrence of other events specified in our Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements, could result in an event of default under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements, which would give our lenders the ability to declare all borrowings outstanding, together with accrued and unpaid interest and fees, to be immediately due and payable. In addition, we have granted our lenders first-priority liens against all of our assets as collateral. Failure to comply with the covenants or other restrictions in the Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements could result in a default. If the debt under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements was to be accelerated, we may not have sufficient cash on hand or be able to sell sufficient collateral to repay it, which would have an immediate adverse effect on our business and operating results. We will need to refinance our debt obligations, or we will require an injection of outside funding to enable us to service our debt which may result in dilution to our stockholders. We plan to refinance our Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements, however, in the event that such refinancing is successful, we may be subject to similar liens, covenants or other restrictions on our actions, or liens, covenants or other restrictions that are more restrictive than those as to which we are currently subject.

Non-compliance with the objective and subjective criteria for the Paycheck Protection Program loan could have a material adverse effect on our business.

On April 11, 2020, we availed ourselves of the PPP Loan in the aggregate amount of $2,180,300, pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under Division A, Title I of the CARES Act, which was enacted March 27, 2020. The PPP Loan, which was in the form of a note dated April 11, 2020 issued by the Company, matures on April 11, 2022, and bears interest at a rate of 1.00% per annum, payable monthly commencing on November 11, 2020. The PPP Loan may be prepaid by the Company at any time prior to maturity with no prepayment penalties. Funds from the PPP Loan may only be used for payroll costs, costs used to continue group healthcare benefits, mortgage payments, rent, utilities, and interest on other debt obligations. The Company intends to use the entire PPP Loan amount for qualifying expenses. Under the terms of the PPP, certain amounts of the PPP Loan may be forgiven if they are used for qualifying expenses as described in the CARES Act.

On April 23, 2020, the Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Treasury stated that the SBA will perform a full review of any PPP loan over $2.0 million before forgiving the loan. In order to apply for the PPP Loan, we were required to certify, among other things, that the current economic uncertainty made the PPP Loan request necessary to support our ongoing operations. We made this certification in good faith after analyzing, among other things, the maintenance of our entire workforce, notwithstanding certain “work-from-home” limitations. We also took into account our need for additional funding to continue operations, and our ability to currently access alternative forms of capital in the current market environment. Following this analysis, we believe that we satisfied all eligibility criteria for the PPP Loan, and that our receipt of the PPP Loan is consistent with the objectives of the CARES Act. If it is later determined that we were ineligible to receive the PPP Loan or determined that we did not comply with requirements after receiving the PPP Loan, we may be required to repay the PPP Loan in its entirety and/or be subject to additional penalties and adverse publicity, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Our lack of an entirely independent audit committee at this time may hinder our board of directors’ effectiveness in monitoring our compliance with our disclosure and accounting obligations. Until we establish such committee, we will be unable to obtain a listing on a national securities exchange.

Although our common stock is not listed on any national securities exchange, for purposes of independence we use the definition of independence applied by Nasdaq. Currently, our audit committee is not compromised of all independent directors.

An independent audit committee would play a crucial role in the corporate governance process, assessing our processes relating to our risks and control environment, overseeing financial reporting, and evaluating internal and independent audit processes. We may, however, have difficulty attracting and retaining independent directors with the requisite qualifications to serve on an audit committee. An independent audit committee (with certain exceptions and phase in-periods if we are a controlled company) is required for listing on any national securities exchange. Therefore, until such time as we meet the audit committee independence requirements of a national securities exchange, we will be ineligible for listing on any national securities exchange.

Our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) is subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”), the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported operating results and financial condition and could affect the reporting of transactions already completed before the announcement of a change.

Our revenue recognition policy and other factors may distort our financial results in any given period and make them difficult to predict.

Under accounting standards update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, (“ASC 606”), we recognize revenues when our customer obtains control of goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Our subscription revenues consists of the monthly service fees for Augmedix Live and Augmedix Notes, our remote medical documentation and clinical support solutions. A significant increase or decline in our subscription contracts in any one quarter may not be fully reflected in the results for that quarter, but will affect our revenues in future quarters. These may make it challenging to forecast our revenues for future periods, as both the mix of solutions and services we will sell in a given period, as well as the size of contracts, is difficult to predict.

Furthermore, the presentation of our financial results requires us to make estimates and assumptions that may affect revenue recognition. In some instances, we could reasonably use different estimates and assumptions, and changes in estimates are likely to occur from period to period. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.”

Given the foregoing factors, our actual results could differ significantly from our estimates, comparing our revenues and operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful, and our past results may not be indicative of our future performance.

If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our operating results could be adversely affected.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, and equity, and the amount of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates and judgments involve the identification of performance obligations in revenue recognition, deferred income tax valuation allowances, the valuation of the stock-based awards, including the determination of fair value of common stock and the estimates of our warrant liability. Our operating results may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our operating results to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the trading price of our common stock.

We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could negatively affect our financial condition and operating results.

Our sales contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars. However, a portion of our operating expenses are incurred in Bangladesh and India and are denominated in Bangladeshi Takas and Indian Rupees and are therefore subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Historically, we have not, and we currently do not, use foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge against certain cash flow exposures resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We may decide to use forward currency contracts in the future, but this hedging strategy may not ultimately be effective and may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

RISKS RELATED TO OWNERSHIP OF OUR COMMON STOCK

The market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile and could decline significantly following the Merger.

The quotation systems, including the OTC Markets QB, or stock markets, including Nasdaq, on which our common stock may be quoted or on which our common stock may be listed following the Merger under the symbol “AUGX” have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. Even if an active, liquid and orderly trading market develops and is sustained for our common stock following the Merger, the market price of our common stock may be volatile and could decline significantly. In addition, the trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If the market price of our common stock declines significantly, you may be unable to resell your shares at or above the market price of our common stock as of the date of the consummation of the Merger. We cannot assure you that the market price of common stock will not fluctuate widely or decline significantly in the future in response to a number of factors, including, among others, the following:

In the past, securities class-action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their shares. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

Following the consummation of the Merger, we will be obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable laws and regulations could be impaired. In addition, the presence of material weaknesses increases the risk of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements.

Malo Holdings Corporation is currently a public company and is required, pursuant to Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting on its annual report on Form 10-K. Following the Merger, we will be subject to the same requirements. Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for reliable financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, such internal controls are designed to prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could cause us to fail to meet its reporting obligations. Ineffective internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock.

The report by management will need to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified in internal control over financial reporting. However, for as long as we are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act following the consummation of the Merger, its independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Management’s assessment of internal controls, when implemented, could detect problems with internal controls, and an independent assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls by our auditors could detect further problems that management’s assessment might not, and could result in the identification of material weaknesses that were not otherwise identified. Undetected material weaknesses in internal controls could lead to financial statement restatements and require us to incur the expense of remediation. We are required to disclose changes made in internal control and procedures on a quarterly basis. To comply with the public company requirements, we may need to undertake various actions, such as implementing new internal controls and procedures and hiring accounting or internal audit staff.

We are in the early stages of developing the system and processing documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404. We may not be able to complete its evaluation, testing, and any required remediation in a timely fashion. During the evaluation and testing process, if we identify material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that internal control over financial reporting is effective.

If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion on the effectiveness of its internal control, including as a result of the material weaknesses described above, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of financial reports, which would cause the price of our common stock to decline, and we may be subject to investigation or sanctions by the SEC. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements following the consummation of the Merger, we may not be able to remain quoted on the OTC Markets QB, or following our potential up listing, Nasdaq.

The shares of common stock issued in the Merger and the Offering are “restricted securities” and, as such, may not be sold except in limited circumstances.

None of shares of common stock have been registered under the Securities Act, or registered or qualified under any state securities laws. The shares of common stock issued in the Merger and Offering were sold and/or issued pursuant to exemptions contained in and under those laws. Accordingly, such shares of common stock are “restricted securities” as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act and must, therefore, be held indefinitely unless registered under applicable federal and state securities laws, or an exemption is available from the registration requirements of those laws. The certificates representing the shares of common stock issued in the Merger reflect their restricted status.

We have agreed to register the shares of common stock issued in the Merger and the Offering. There can be no assurance, however, that the SEC will declare the registration statement effective, thereby enabling the shares of common stock issued in the Merger or the Offering to be freely tradable. In addition, Rule 144 under the Securities Act, which permits the resale, subject to various terms and conditions, of limited amounts of restricted securities after they have been held for six months will not immediately apply to our common stock because we were at one time designated as a “shell company” under SEC regulations. Pursuant to Rule 144(i), securities issued by a current or former shell company that otherwise meet the holding period and other requirements of Rule 144 nevertheless cannot be sold in reliance on Rule 144 until one year after the date on which the issuer filed current “Form 10 information” (as defined in Rule 144(i)) with the SEC reflecting that it ceased being a shell company, and provided that at the time of a proposed sale pursuant to Rule 144, the issuer has satisfied certain reporting requirements under the Exchange Act. We believe this requirement to file Form 10 information has been satisfied by the filing of this Report. Because, as a former shell company, the reporting requirements of Rule 144(i) will apply regardless of holding period, the restrictive legends on certificates for the shares of common stock issued in the Merger and the Offering cannot be removed except in connection with an actual sale that is subject to an effective registration statement under, or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of, the Securities Act.

If we are unable to register in a timely manner the shares of common stock issued to stockholders in the Merger or the Offering, then the ability to re-sell shares of our common stock so issued will be delayed.

We have agreed, at our expense, to prepare a registration statement, and to cause our Company to file a registration statement with the SEC registering the resale of an aggregate of 29,035,151 shares of our common stock issued in connection with the Merger and the Offering. There are many reasons, including some over which we have little or no control, which could keep the registration statement from being declared effective by the SEC, including delays resulting from the SEC review process and comments raised by the SEC during that process. The shares of common stock covered by such registration statement will not be eligible for resale until the registration statement is effective or an exemption from registration, such as Rule 144, becomes available. If the registration statement is not filed within 60 days of the closing of the Offering, then we may be subject to certain liquidated damages pursuant to the registration rights agreement we entered into with the holders of 29,035,151 shares of our common stock issued in connection with the Merger and the Offering. See “The Merger and Related Transactions—Registration Rights Agreement” for more information.

There is currently no market for our common stock and there can be no assurance that any market will ever develop. You may therefore be unable to re-sell shares of our common stock at times and prices that you believe are appropriate.

Our common stock is not listed on a national securities exchange or any other exchange, or quoted on an over-the-counter market. Therefore, there is no trading market, active or otherwise, for our common stock and our common stock may never be included for trading on any stock exchange, automated quotation system or any over-the-counter market. Accordingly, our common stock is highly illiquid and you will likely experience difficulty in re-selling such shares at times and prices that you may desire.

Our common stock may not be eligible for listing or quotation on any securities exchange.

We do not currently meet the initial quantitative listing standards of any national securities exchange or over-the-counter trading system. We cannot assure you that we will be able to meet the initial listing standards of any national securities exchange, or, if we do meet such initial listing standards, that we will be able to maintain any such listing. Further, the national securities exchanges are adopting so-called “seasoning” rules that will require that we meet certain requirements, including prescribed periods of time trading over-the-counter and minimum filings of periodic reports with the SEC, before we are eligible to apply for listing on such national securities exchanges. We intend to contact an authorized market maker for an over-the-counter quotation system for sponsorship of our common stock, but we cannot guarantee that such sponsorship will be approved and our common stock listed and quoted for sale. Even if our common stock is quoted for sale on an over-the-counter quotation system, buyers may be insufficient in numbers to allow for a robust market and it may prove impossible to sell your shares. In addition, an investor may find it difficult to obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common stock. In addition, if we fail to meet the criteria set forth in SEC regulations, various requirements would be imposed by law on broker-dealers who sell our securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. Consequently, such regulations may deter broker-dealers from recommending or selling our common stock, which may further affect its liquidity. This would also make it more difficult for us to raise additional capital.

The designation of our common stock as “penny stock” would limit the liquidity of our common stock.

Our common stock may be deemed a “penny stock” (as that term is defined under Rule 3a51-1 of the Exchange Act) in any market that may develop in the future. Generally, a “penny stock” is a common stock that is not listed on a securities exchange and trades for less than $5.00 a share. Prices often are not available to buyers and sellers and the market may be very limited. Penny stock in start-up companies is among the riskiest equity investments. Broker-dealers who sell penny stock must provide purchasers with a standardized risk-disclosure document prepared by the SEC. The document provides information about penny stock and the nature and level of risks involved in investing in the penny stock market. A broker must also provide purchasers with bid and offer quotations and information regarding broker and salesperson compensation and make a written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and obtain the purchaser’s written agreement to the purchase. Many brokers choose not to participate in penny stock transactions. If our common stock is deemed “penny stock”, because of penny stock rules, there may be less trading activity in any market that develops for our common stock in the future and stockholders are likely to have difficulty selling their shares.

FINRA sales practice requirements may limit a stockholder’s ability to buy and sell our common stock.

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, has adopted rules requiring that, in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer. Prior to recommending speculative or low-priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA has indicated its belief that there is a high probability that speculative or low-priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. If these FINRA requirements are applicable to us or our securities, they may make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that at least some of their customers buy our common stock, which may limit the ability of our stockholders to buy and sell our common stock and could have an adverse effect on the market for and price of our common stock.

Because we became a reporting company under the Exchange Act by means other than a traditional underwritten initial public offering, we may not be able to attract the attention of research analysts at major brokerage firms.

Because we did not become a reporting company by conducting an underwritten initial public offering of our common stock, and because we will not be listed on a national securities exchange, security analysts of brokerage firms may not provide coverage of our Company. In addition, investment banks may be less likely to agree to underwrite secondary offerings on our behalf than they might if we became a public reporting company by means of an underwritten initial public offering, because they may be less familiar with our Company as a result of more limited coverage by analysts and the media, and because we became public at an early stage in our development. The failure to receive research coverage or support in the market for our shares will have an adverse effect on our ability to develop a liquid market for our common stock.

Because the Merger was a reverse merger, the registration statement we file with respect to the shares of common stock received by investors in the Merger might be subject to heightened scrutiny by the SEC, and we may not be able to attract the attention of major brokerage firms.

Additional risks may exist as a result of our becoming a public reporting company through a “reverse merger.” Certain SEC rules are more restrictive when applied to reverse merger companies, such as the ability of stockholders to re-sell their shares of common stock pursuant to Rule 144, and the SEC may subject the registration statement we file with respect to the shares of common stock received by investors in the Merger and the Offering to heightened scrutiny. In addition, securities analysts of major brokerage firms may not provide coverage of our capital stock or business. Because we became a public reporting operating company through a reverse merger, there is no incentive to brokerage firms to recommend the purchase of our common stock. We cannot assure you that brokerage firms will want to provide analyst coverage of our capital stock or business in the future.

We are an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company, and any decision on our part to comply only with certain reduced reporting and disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies could make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and, for as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies but not to emerging growth companies, including:

We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years following the completion of the initial public offering of Malo Holdings Corporation. Our status as an emerging growth company will end as soon as any of the following takes place:

We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive if we choose to rely on any of the exemptions afforded emerging growth companies. If some investors find our common stock less attractive because we rely on any of these exemptions, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and the market price of our common stock may be more volatile.

Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this provision of the JOBS Act. As a result, we will not be subject to new or revised accounting standards at the same time as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. Therefore, our consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to those of companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined in the Exchange Act. We may continue to be a “smaller reporting company” even after we are no longer an emerging growth company. We may take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies and will be able to take advantage of these scaled disclosures for so long as our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter, or our annual revenues is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter.

We may face risks related to securities litigation that could result in significant legal expenses and settlement or damage awards.

We may in the future become subject to claims and litigation alleging violations of the securities laws or other related claims, which could harm our business and require us to incur significant costs. Significant litigation costs could impact our ability to comply with certain financial covenants under our credit agreement. We are generally obliged, to the extent permitted by law, to indemnify our current and former directors and officers who are named as defendants in these types of lawsuits. Regardless of the outcome, litigation may require significant attention from management and could result in significant legal expenses, settlement costs or damage awards that could have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

Our restated certificate of incorporation and our restated bylaws that will be in effect upon completion of this offering contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change in control of our company. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to elect directors who are not nominated by current members of our board of directors or take other corporate actions, including effecting changes in our management. These provisions:

In addition, our restated certificate of incorporation will provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for: any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty; any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the DGCL, our restated certificate of incorporation, or our restated bylaws; or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all claims brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Our restated bylaws will provide that the federal district courts of the United States of America will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act (“Federal Forum Provision”). Our decision to adopt a Federal Forum Provision followed a decision by the Supreme Court of the State of Delaware holding that such provisions are facially valid under Delaware law. While there can be no assurance that federal courts or state courts will follow the holding of the Delaware Supreme Court or determine that the Federal Forum Provision should be enforced in a particular case, application of the Federal Forum Provision means that suits brought by our stockholders to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act must be brought in federal court and cannot be brought in state court. While neither the exclusive forum provision nor the Federal Forum Provision applies to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all claims brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, actions by our stockholders to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder also must be brought in federal court. Our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in any of our securities shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to our exclusive forum provisions, including the Federal Forum Provision. These provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of their choosing for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees.

In addition, Section 203 of the DGCL may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company. Section 203 imposes certain restrictions on mergers, business combinations and other transactions between us and holders of 15% or more of our common stock.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future and, as a result, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our common stock.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock, and we do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish unfavorable or inaccurate research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

Our stock price and trading volume following our quotation on the OTC Markets QB, if any, or following our potential up listing on Nasdaq, if any, will be heavily influenced by the way analysts and investors interpret our financial information and other disclosures. Securities and industry analysts do not currently, and may never, publish research on our business. If few securities or industry analysts commence coverage of us, our stock price could be negatively affected. If securities or industry analysts downgrade our common stock, or publish negative reports about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our common stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price to decline and could decrease the trading volume of our common stock.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included in this Report. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties as described under the heading “Forward-Looking Statements” elsewhere in this Report. You should review the disclosure under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Report for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

Overview

The medical note documentation burden in the U.S. is significant. It is a major contributor to doctor burnout, which according to a recent study in the Annals of Internal Medicine, costs the U.S. healthcare industry $4.6 billion from lost productivity and recruiting costs.

Healthcare practitioners in the U.S. often look to outsourced solutions to handle their documentation. There are various solutions that are marketed to clinicians (which include licensed physicians, nurse practitioners and physicians’ assistants, but not registered nurses). These range in scope from self-serve dictation tools to fully out-sourced medical note documentation solutions. We are a provider of a fully out-sourced medical note documentation solution that also provides supplemental clinical support to the U.S. healthcare industry.

Augmedix was incorporated in 2013 and launched its commercial real-time, remote documentation services in 2014. We provide software compatible with off-the-shelf, mobile client devices (smartphones or Google Glass) that enables clinicians to communicate with RDSs. Our RDSs observe the clinician-patient interaction, through an audio/video stream, and extract the relevant elements of that interaction to create the medical notes that are then uploaded into the patient’s chart contained within the EHR system. The EHR system is third-party software licensed by the healthcare clinic or system to manage patient charts.

Patient care in the U.S. is provided in ambulatory or clinical environments and hospitals. We focus most of our efforts in the ambulatory/clinical segment of the patient care market. Roughly 85-90% of the physicians who subscribe to our service are employed directly by, or are affiliated with, a healthcare enterprise. The remaining 10-15% consists of small practices and individual practitioners.

We have generated in excess of four million medical notes since we began offering our service and are currently delivering over 35,000 notes to our customers each week. We estimate that our solution saves doctors two to three hours each day which is time that they can redeploy to see more patients or improve their work-life balance. We believe the benefits to healthcare enterprises are increased productivity and higher clinician and patient satisfaction.

The current COVID-19 crisis and resulting safety protocols have prompted a significant shift towards delivering health services remotely via telemedicine. Our technology platform was designed to enable real time, two-way communication between remotely-located participants. As such, we were able to continue to provide uninterrupted service to our customers. In early April 2020, over 90% of the physicians we served conducted approximately 60% of their patient visits remotely. As of July 2020, while the number of clinicians practicing telemedicine stayed relatively constant, the proportion of their daily telemedicine visits declined to approximately 30% as patients became more comfortable seeing their doctors in person. However, we believe telemedicine will remain an important part of health services delivery even after the end of the COVID-19 crisis.

The COVID-19 crisis has also required modifications to how we deliver our service. While our general business model is to provide RDS service from central operating centers, local shelter in place orders have required us to shift to work-from-home for all employees and contracted employees. We were able to transition to full work from home for all RDSs worldwide within a few days with very little service interruption. We will continue our work from home model until local conditions remove shelter in place orders and employees can safely work from our central operations centers. We instituted additional system controls to ensure compliance with our privacy practices.

Our technology vision is to automate as much of the medical note creation process as possible by applying an approach we refer to as “intelligence amplification”. While the unstructured nature of a conversation between physician and patient places inherent limitations on how much note creation can ultimately be automated, we believe automation, even if partial, could generate significant benefits including improved operating efficiencies, higher-quality medical notes and a more uniform level of note quality.

Our intelligence amplification approach toward achieving note automation is different than that being pursued by other participants in our industry. Our approach is based upon our belief that technicians will be a necessary part of the note creation process for a long time. We use widely available technology today to mine our data sets and help us build the models needed to enable automation. However, we use such technology to build tools that our RDSs can use to automate some of the principal tasks in the note creation process rather than attempt to build self-serve software designed for use directly by physicians.

Merger Agreement

On October 5, 2020, Malo Holdings Corporation, Acquisition Sub and Augmedix entered into a Merger Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, on the Closing Date, Acquisition Sub merged with and into Augmedix, with Augmedix continuing as the surviving corporation and our wholly owned subsidiary.

As a result of the Merger, we acquired the business of Augmedix, a provider of remote medical documentation and live clinical support services with a mission to rehumanize the clinician-patient relationship so that doctors can focus on what they do best — patient care. See “Description of Business.” At the Effective Time, each of Augmedix’s shares of capital stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger was converted into the right to receive (a) 0.420864013 shares of our common stock (the “Common Share Conversion Ratio”) (in the case of shares held by accredited investors) or (b) $3.00 multiplied by the Common Share Conversion Ratio (in the case of shares held by unaccredited investors and those with an entitlement to shares of Augmedix’s capital stock), with the maximum number of shares of our common stock issuable to the former holders of Augmedix’s capital stock equal to 15,458,133 after adjustments due to rounding for fractional shares. Immediately prior to the Effective Time, an aggregate of 2,833,333 shares of our common stock owned by the stockholders of Malo Holdings Corporation prior to the Merger were forfeited and cancelled (the “Stock Forfeiture”).

In addition, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, (i) options to purchase 10,011,161 shares of Augmedix’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger under the Augmedix Plan were assumed and converted into options to purchase 4,213,153 shares of our common stock, (ii) stock appreciation rights to purchase 601,768 shares of Augmedix’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger under the Augmedix Plan were assumed and converted into stock appreciation rights to purchase 252,983 shares of our common stock (iii) warrants to purchase 6,576,565 shares of Augmedix’s 2019 Series B convertible preferred stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger were assumed and converted into warrants to purchase 2,767,836 shares of our common stock, and (iv) warrants to purchase 13,273 shares of Augmedix’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger were assumed and converted into warrants to purchase 5,584 shares of our common stock

Private Placement Offering

Following the Effective Time of the Merger, we sold 8,472,186 shares of our common stock pursuant to an initial closing of a private placement offering for up to 10,000,000 shares of our common stock at the Offering Price. We may hold one or more subsequent closings at any time prior to October 30, 2020, unless otherwise extended, to sell the remaining shares in the private placement offering. We may also sell up to an additional 1,666,667 shares of our common stock at the Offering Price to cover over-subscriptions in the event the private placement offering is oversubscribed.

COVID-19 Crisis Update

In light of the uncertain and rapidly evolving situation relating the spread of COVID-19 crisis and in compliance with recent shelter-in-place orders and other government executive orders directing that all non-essential businesses close their physical operations, we have taken measures intended to help minimize the risk of transmitting the virus to our employees, our customers and the communities in which we participate, which could negatively impact our business. These measures include temporarily requiring all non-essential employees to work remotely, suspending all non-essential travel worldwide for our employees, canceling, postponing or holding virtually our sponsored events and discouraging employee attendance at industry events and in-person work-related meetings. While we have a distributed workforce and our employees are accustomed to working remotely or working with other remote employees, our workforce is not fully remote. Our employees travel frequently to establish and maintain relationships with one another and with our customers, partners and investors. Further, most of our U.S.-based and internationally-based RDSs have shifted to remote working which may have an adverse impact on our business due to decreased morale among RDSs, increased strain on IT systems, increased difficulty in ensuring compliance with our data security and compliance policies, and increased difficulty in the training, development and recruitment of new RDSs. Our ability to service our customers with RDSs working remotely is contingent upon the consent of our customers, which some customers may not provide. Although we continue to monitor the situation and may adjust our current policies as more information and guidance become available, temporarily suspending travel and doing business in-person could negatively impact our marketing efforts, our ability to enter into customer contracts in a timely manner, our international expansion efforts, our ability to recruit employees across the organization and in sales and marketing, in particular, which could have longer term effects on our sales pipeline or create operational or other challenges as we adjust to a fully-remote workforce for the duration of the COVID-19 crisis, any of which could harm our business. In addition, our management team has, and will likely continue, to spend significant time, attention and resources monitoring the COVID-19 crisis and seeking to manage its effects on our business and workforce. The extent to which the COVID-19 crisis and our precautionary measures may impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.

Key metrics

We regularly review the following key metrics to measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections, make strategic business decisions and assess working capital needs.

Average Clinicians in Service: We define a clinician in service as an individual doctor, nurse practitioner or other healthcare professional using our services. We average the month end number of clinicians in service for all months in the measurement period and the number of clinicians in service at the end of the month immediately preceding the measurement period. We believe growth in the average number of clinicians in service is a key indicator of the performance of our business as it demonstrates our ability to penetrate the market and grow our business. Most of our customer contracts contain minimum service levels that range from a low of 70 hours per month to a high of 220 hours per month. Higher hours per month generally equate to higher revenue per clinician. The average number of clinicians in service stood at 462 and 379 for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 510 and 418 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Average Annual Revenue Per Clinician: Average revenue per clinician is determined as total revenue, excluding Data Services revenue, recognized during the period presented divided by the average number of clinicians in service during that same period. Using the number of clinicians in service at the end of each month, we derive an average number of clinicians in service for the periods presented. The average annual revenue per clinician will vary based upon minimum hours of service requested by clinicians, pricing, and our product mix. The average revenue per clinician increased to $30,000 in fiscal 2019 from $28,000 in fiscal 2018 while it remained steady during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 at $30,000.

Dollar-Based Net Revenue Retention: We define a “Health Enterprise” as a company or network of doctors that has at least 50 clinicians currently employed or affiliated that could utilize our services. Dollar-based net revenue retention is determined as the revenue from Health Enterprises as of twelve months prior to such period end as compared to revenue from these same Health Enterprises as of the current period end, or current period revenue. Current period revenue includes any expansion or new products and is net of contraction or churn over the trailing twelve months but excludes revenue from new Health Enterprises in the current period. We believe growth in dollar-based net revenue retention is a key indicator of the performance of our business as it demonstrates our ability to increase revenue across our existing customer base through expansion of users and products, as well as our ability to retain existing customers. Our annual dollar-based net revenue retention decreased to 135% in fiscal 2019 from 138% in fiscal 2018. Growth from existing clients has represented a vast majority of our total revenue growth.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenues

Our revenues primarily consist of service fees we charge customers to subscribe to our remote medical documentation and clinical support solutions. We generate subscription fees pursuant to cancellable contracts. Customer attrition, as it pertains to our Enterprise clients is infrequent. In fiscal 2019 and 2018, we did not lose any of our Health Enterprise clients. Subscription revenue is driven primarily by the number of clinicians using our services, the minimum number of hours contacted per month, and the contracted monthly price. We typically invoice customers one to three months in advance for subscriptions to our services. For customers who use more than the minimum number of monthly hours, we have the ability to bill for the additional hours utilized at the contractual price. We also perform upfront implementation services such as ensuring adequate Wi-Fi capability of the clinician’s facilities, shipping devices and accessories to the clinician, testing, selecting and assigning RDSs, obtaining EHR credentials for the RDSs and clinician orientation. Revenues associated with implementation efforts are deferred until we go live with our service and then recognized ratably over the initial term of the contract.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit

Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenue primarily consists of the cost of the RDSs, some of whom are employees of our Vendors and some of whom are our employees, their direct supervisors, and clinician and technical support. Cost of revenue also consists of infrastructure costs to operate our SaaS-based platform such as hosting fees and fees paid to various third-party partners for access to their technology, plus hardware depreciation and cost of shipping for the devices and accessories we provide to our clinicians.

Gross Profit. Our gross profit is calculated by subtracting our cost of revenues from revenues. Gross margin is expressed as a percentage of total revenues. Our gross profit may fluctuate from period to period as revenue fluctuates, and as a result of the mix of RDS centers from which service is provided, operational efficiencies in regards to the relationship between the number of RDSs and clinicians, product mix, and changes to our technology expenses and customer support.

Our gross profit varies by RDS center. We plan to focus on and grow the operations of the RDS centers with the best quality and highest gross margin. We intend to continue to invest additional resources in our platform infrastructure. We will also continue to invest in technology innovation, such as Notebuilder, to reduce the level of effort required by RDSs. We expect these optimization efforts and our investment in technology to expand the efficiency and capability of our platform, enabling us to improve our gross margin over time. The level and timing of investment in these areas, plus the mix of RDS centers, could affect our cost of revenues in the future.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee compensation costs for operations management, finance, accounting, information technology, compliance, legal and human resources personnel, and our business support team in Bangladesh. In addition, general and administrative expenses include non-personnel costs, such as facilities, legal, accounting, and other professional fees, as well as other supporting corporate expenses not allocated to other departments. We expect our general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars as our business grows, but we expect general and administrative expenses to decrease as a percent of revenue in the coming years.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee compensation costs related to sales and marketing, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, costs of general marketing activities and promotional activities, travel-related expenses and allocated overhead. Sales and marketing expense also include costs for advertising and other marketing activities. Advertising is expensed as incurred. We expect our sales and marketing expenses will increase in absolute dollars as we expand our sales and marketing efforts.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist of costs for the design, development, testing and enhancement of our products and services and are generally expensed as incurred. These costs consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation for our development personnel. Research and development expenses also include direct RDS training costs, product management, third-party partner fees and third-party consulting fees. We expect our research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollars as our business grows, but that as a percent of revenue R&D expenses are expected to decrease.

Interest Expense, net

Interest expense consists primarily of the interest incurred on our debt obligations and the noncash interest expense associated with the amortization of debt discounts and contingent beneficial conversion feature associated with certain convertible notes payable. Interest expense is offset by any interest income we earn on our cash balances held in our interest-bearing savings account.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income consists primarily of income derived from a technology and a data partnership agreement we entered into in 2018. Any upfront payments received were deferred and were recognized over the term of the agreement. The agreement was terminated in June 2019 and any deferred revenues were immediately recognized. Included in other income (expense) is the change in the fair value of the warrants to purchase shares of 2019 Series B convertible preferred stock which are classified as liabilities and subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date and also foreign currency gains and losses due to exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than our functional currency.

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the periods presented:

Comparison for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:

Revenue increased $1.2 million to $7.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to $6.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in the number of clinicians in service. The increase in clinicians in service was driven predominately by our existing Health Enterprises adding physicians. Dollar-based net recurring revenue retention was 119% in the six months ended June 30, 2020. Increases in revenue were also attributable to the addition of one new Health Enterprise during the six months ended June 30, 2020. These increases were partially offset by a $0.1 million decrease in revenue attributable to the decline in the number of clinicians in service among our independent and small group customers. The overall number of customers among independent and small groups declined due to the COVID-19 crisis and our focus on Health Enterprise clients.

Cost of revenues increased $0.3 million to $4.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to $4.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to increases in RDS costs as clinicians in service continue to grow. These increases were offset by a $0.2 million decrease in customer support costs resulting from our operating efficiencies. As a result of operating efficiencies in our RDS operations and customer support, our gross margin was 38% during the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to 31% during the six months ended June 30, 2019. During the first six months of 2020 we moved from paying our Vendors a fee for successfully training and producing a doctor ready RDS to all-in pricing, which includes both the training costs and cost of services in our monthly ongoing rates. This change improves our cash flow and aligns our interests with the Vendors, which we believe will produce better overall operating leverage long-term.

General and administrative expenses decreased $0.5 million to $5.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to $5.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $0.6 million decline in employee compensation expense for COVID-19 crisis related temporary reductions in salary that was offset by a $0.3 million increase in employee compensation costs as a result of an increase in our executive headcount.

Sales and marketing expenses increased $0.4 million to $2.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to $1.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable an increase of $0.5 million in employee compensation as a result of an increase in our sales professional headcount and related commissions and an increase in advertising spend. These increases were offset by a $0.2 million decrease in customer onboarding support costs resulting from operational efficiencies.

Research and development expenses decreased $0.8 million to $2.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to $3.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $0.9 reduction in our training efforts with new RDSs due to the COVID-19 crisis in March 2020 and $0.1 million related fees we pay to third parties in connection with our training efforts. These decreases were offset by a $0.1 million increase in engineering costs related to new product development and product enhancements. We anticipate the reimbursement of training costs to our Vendors to decrease in future periods due to a change in how we pay our Vendors for training.

Interest expense decreased $0.1 million to $0.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to $0.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable a lower weighted average interest rate during the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Other income (expense) decreased $1.4 million to $0.1 million of expense during the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to $1.2 million of income during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to $1.0 million of income related to a partnership arrangement that ended on June 30, 2019 at which time which we immediately recognized all remaining deferred revenue. In addition, there was a $0.4 million increase in expense due to the change in the fair value of the warrant liability as there were more warrants outstanding and the fair value per warrant was greater as of June 30, 2020 compared to June 30, 2019.

Comparison for the Year Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

Revenue

Revenue increased $3.3 million to $14.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to $10.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. Revenues from subscription services increased $2.9 million and was primarily attributable to the 22% increase in the average Clinicians in Service. We also had a $0.3 million increase in revenue associated with implementations as a result of more clinicians going live in 2019 versus 2018 and due to a higher average implementation fee per new clinician. Dollar-based Net Revenue Retention was 135% during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin

Cost of revenues decreased $0.6 million to $9.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to $10.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable a $0.3 million decrease in customer support costs resulting from our operating efficiencies and $0.6 million decrease in connection with excess hardware in fiscal 2018. These decreases were offset by $0.3 million in increases attributable to our RDS centers as our Clinicians in Service continue to grow and the related third-party hosting costs we incurred. Average cost per RDS declined, driven by our shift from US-based RDSs to offshore. As a result of these operating efficiencies, our gross margin was 33% during the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to 7% during the year ended December 31, 2018.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased $2.3 million to $10.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to $13.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable a $2.7 million decrease in OPS management driven by the restructuring of our RDS delivery from internal U.S. operations to overseas vendors and operations, reducing the number of our U.S. based RDSs. Due to this change, we significantly reduced headcount in operations management by $1.0 million and training costs for U.S. RDSs by $0.8 million. Non-U.S. training costs declined by $0.8 million as we no longer provided U.S. trainers to our overseas Vendors and operations.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses remained stable at $3.6 million during each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. We had $0.1 million increases in sales commissions earned by our salesforce offset by $0.1 million decrease in customer account management support costs.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses remained stable at $7.0 million during each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Our interest expense increased $0.7 million to $2.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $2.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to $0.8 million of comparative interest expense due to recognizing a contingent beneficial conversion feature during 2019. Other income increased to $1.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $0.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to a partnership arrangement that ended on June 30, 2019 to which we immediately recognized remaining deferred revenue.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash raised from private sales of preferred stock and cash from borrowings under various facilities, which are further described below. As of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, we had cash and restricted cash of $5.4 million and $11.6 million, respectively. Our $5.4 million of cash includes $2.0 million of restricted cash as a requirement in connection with our debt arrangements.

Since Augmedix’s inception in 2013 until today, we have financed our operations primarily through the private sale of over $110 million of preferred stock and from various debt arrangements. As described in Footnote 1 of our audited financial statements and unaudited interim financial statements, we have incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and have an accumulated deficit at June 30, 2020 of $76.0 million. We have relied on debt and equity financing to fund operations to date and we expect losses and negative cash flows to continue, primarily as a result of continued research, development and marketing efforts. We may hold one or more subsequent closings of the Offering at any time prior to October 30, 2020. The additional capital already raised will provide sufficient resources to meet working capital needs through at least October 2021. There is no assurance that we will be successful in completing one or more subsequent closings. Over the longer term, if we do not generate sufficient revenue from new and existing products, additional debt or equity financing may be required along with a reduction in expenditures. Additionally, there is no assurance if we require additional future financing that such financing will be available on terms, which are acceptable to us, or at all.

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented:

Operating Activities

Cash used in operating activities was $8.6 million and $5.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Cash used in operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2020 principally resulted from our net loss of $7.7 million, which includes non-cash charges of $1.1 million, and positive changes in working capital of $1.9 million. Cash used in operating activities in the six months ended June 30, 2019 principally resulted from our net loss of $8.2 million, which includes non-cash charges of $0.5, million and negative changes in working capital of $1.9 million.

Cash used in operating activities was $14.6 million and $19.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 principally resulted from our net loss of $18.5 million, which includes non-cash charges of $2.6 million, and negative changes in working capital of $1.2 million. Cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 principally resulted from our net loss of $24.2 million, which includes non-cash charges of $2.3 million, and negative changes in working capital of $2.0 million.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $0.3 million and $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $0.8 and $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Cash used in investing activities resulted from capital expenditures of property and equipment for all periods presented.

Financing Activities

Cash provided by (used in) financing activities was $2.7 million and $(0.4) million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2020 principally resulted from $2.2 million in debt proceeds and $0.5 million in proceeds from the sale of our convertible preferred stock. Cash used in financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2019 principally resulted from payment of principal in connection with our debt obligations of $0.5 million.

Cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2019 of $17.2 million principally resulted from proceeds from the sale of our 2019 convertible preferred stock and the issuance of our convertible promissory notes of $15.3 million and $3.3 million, respectively less $1.4 million in payments of principal on our notes payable.

Cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2018 of $22.1 million principally resulted from proceeds from the sale of our convertible preferred stock and the issuance of our convertible promissory notes of $20.8 million and $2.7 million, respectively less $1.3 million in payments of principal on our notes payable.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, we do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date, as well as reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Our most significant estimates and judgments involve the identification of performance obligations in revenue recognition and valuation of our warrant liability and stock-based compensation, including the underlying deemed estimated fair value of our preferred and common stock. Actual results may differ from these estimates. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows will be affected.

On January 1, 2018, we early adopted the requirements of Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or Topic 606. Topic 606 establishes a principle for recognizing revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers, in an amount that reflects the expected consideration received in exchange for those goods or services. Topic 606 also includes Subtopic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs-Contracts with Customers, which requires the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Collectively, references to Topic 606 used herein refer to both Topic 606 and Subtopic 340-40. We adopted Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method and elected to apply the standard only to contracts that were not completed as of the date of adoption. Upon adoption of ASC 606 there was no adjustment necessary to opening accumulated deficit balance.

We believe that the accounting policies described below involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations.

Revenue Recognition

We account for revenue from contracts with clients by applying the requirements of Topic 606, which includes the following steps:

Revenues are recognized when services are delivered to our clients, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services. For our Live service revenue recognized is based on the minimum amount per month, plus any additional hours delivered. For our Notes service, revenue recognized is based on the number of meeting notes, i.e. doctor patient visits, per month, and the contracted price per meeting note.

We generate subscription fees for access to our remote medical documentation and clinical support solutions for telemedicine, medical offices, clinics and hospitals. Our clients are typically billed monthly or quarterly in advance. Subscription revenues are recognized ratably over the term of the contract. Implementation revenue is recognized over the initial term of the contract. We recognize revenue from data services contracts based on hours worked.

Stock-Based Compensation

We recognize the grant-date fair value of stock-based awards issued as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. To date, we have not issued awards where vesting is subject to performance or market conditions. The fair value of stock options is estimated at the time of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the use of inputs and assumptions such as the estimated fair value of the underlying common stock, exercise price of the option, expected term, risk-free interest rate, expected volatility and dividend yield, the most critical of which is the estimated fair value of our common stock.

The estimated fair value of each grant of stock options awarded during fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 and the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were determined using the following methods and assumptions:

The inputs and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. As a result, if factors change and management uses different inputs and assumptions, our stock-based compensation expense could be materially different for future awards.

In valuing our common and preferred stock, our board of directors determined the equity value of our business by taking a combination of the income and market approaches.

The income approach estimates the fair value of a company based on the present value of its future estimated cash flows and the residual value of the company beyond the forecast period. These future values are discounted to their present values using a discount rate which is derived from an analysis of the cost of capital of comparable publicly-traded companies in the same industry or similar lines of business as of each valuation date and is adjusted to reflect the risks inherent in us achieving these estimated cash flows. For the market approach, we utilized the guideline company method by analyzing a population of comparable companies and selected those technology companies that we considered to be the most comparable to us in terms of product offerings, revenue, margins and growth. We then used these guideline companies to develop relevant market multiples and ratios, which are then applied to our corresponding financial metrics to estimate our equity value.

The enterprise values determined by the income and market approaches were then allocated to our common stock using the Option Pricing Method, or OPM.

The OPM treats common stock and preferred stock as call options on a company’s enterprise value, with exercise prices based on the liquidation preferences of the preferred stock. Therefore, the common stock has value only if the funds available for distribution to the stockholders exceed the value of the liquidation preference at the time of an assumed liquidity event such as a merger, sale or initial public offering. The common stock is modeled as a call option with a claim on the enterprise at an exercise price equal to the remaining value immediately after the preferred stock is liquidated. The OPM uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the price of the call option. The OPM is appropriate to use when the range of possible future outcomes is so difficult to predict that forecasts would be highly speculative.

Given the absence of a public trading market for our capital stock, our board of directors exercised reasonable judgment and considered a number of subjective factors to determine the best estimate of the fair value of our common stock, including:

Once our common stock is expected to be quoted on the OTC Markets QB following the completion of this Offering, it will not be necessary to use estimates to determine the fair value of the common stock. In addition, as all of our preferred stock with be converted into common stock, we will no longer need to estimate the fair value of preferred stock.

Warrant Liability

Warrants to purchase shares of our convertible preferred stock are classified as warrant liability on the consolidated balance sheets and recorded at fair value. This warrant liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date (based upon an independent valuation) and we recognize any change in fair value in other income and expense within our consolidated statements of operations as a change in fair value of the warrant liability. We will continue to adjust the carrying value of the warrants for changes in the estimated fair value until such time as these instruments are exercised, expire, reclassified to equity or otherwise settled. At that time, the liabilities will be reclassified to additional paid-in capital, a component of stockholders’ deficit.

The significant inputs which we use to estimate our warrant liability include the expected volatility and the estimated fair value of the underlying shares of preferred stock. Because we do not have sufficient history to estimate the expected volatility of our stock price, expected volatility is based on the average volatility of peer public entities that are similar in size and industry. We use the term of the warrants as the expected term. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve equal to the expected term of the warrant as of the measurement date.

JOBS Act Accounting Election

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. We have elected to early adopt certain new accounting standards, as described in Note 2 of our consolidated financial statements. As a result, these financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

Recently Accounting Pronouncements

A description of recently issued accounting pronouncements that may potentially impact our financial position and results of operations is disclosed in Note 2 to our audited financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Report.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We have operations both within the U.S. and in Bangladesh, plus Vendors in India and Sri Lanka, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include interest rate and foreign exchange risks.

Interest Rate Risk

Our cash and restricted cash consist of cash on deposit. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while maximizing income without significantly increasing risk. We do not believe that an increase or decrease in interest rates of 100 basis points would have a material effect on our operating results or financial condition. In future periods, we will continue to evaluate our investment policy in order to ensure that we continue to meet our overall objectives.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

We have foreign currency risks related to some of our expenses denominated in Indian Rupees and the Bangladesh Taka, which are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, compared to all of our revenue which is denominated in U.S. dollars. Additionally, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may cause us to recognize transaction gains and losses in our statements of operations. We have not engaged in foreign currency hedging transactions to minimize those fluctuations. To date, foreign currency transaction gains and losses have not been material to our financial statements.

Executive Officers

Emmanuel Krakaris has served as our President, Chief Executive Officer, Secretary and as a member of our board of directors since October 2018. Before Mr. Krakaris was appointed as our President, Chief Executive Officer and Secretary, Mr. Krakaris served as an advisor to the board of directors from April 2018 to May 2018 and as our Chief Operating Officer from June 2018 to September 2018. Prior to joining us, Mr. Krakaris served as the Chief Executive Officer of Streetline, Inc. from August 2014 to February 2018 and as Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer from 2011 to August 2014. Mr. Krakaris also served as Chief Financial Officer of Command Audio Corporation from 1996 to 2011. Mr. Krakaris received a Bachelor of Commerce in Marketing and International Business from McGill University, and a M.B.A. from the University of California, Berkeley, Haas School of Business. We believe that Mr. Krakaris is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his extensive business experience as an executive officer and experience across a broad range of industries.

Ian Shakil is our founder and has been a member of our board of directors since April 2013. He previously served as Chairman of our board of directors from August 2018 to September 2020 and has served as our Chief Strategy Officer since October 2018. Prior to that, Mr. Shakil served as our Chief Executive Officer from April 2013 to October 2018. Mr. Shakil has also served as Advisor to Edwards Lifesciences Corporation since May 2019, and as Advisor to Maya.com.bd since January 2018. Mr. Shakil has a B.S.E. in Biomedical Engineering from Duke University, and an M.B.A. from Stanford University Graduate School of Business. We believe that Mr. Shakil is qualified to serve on our board of directors because he is our founder and former Chief Executive Officer and his business and technical experience in the healthcare industry.

Sandra Breber has served as our Chief Operating Officer since March 2019, and prior to that served as an advisor to the Company from November 2018 to March 2019. Prior to joining us, Ms. Breber served as advisor to Snipp Interactive, Inc. from November 2018 to March 2019. Ms. Breber also served as President and Co-founder of Ziploop, Inc., from April 2013 to November 2018. Earlier in her career, Ms. Breber served as a Partner at Arthur Andersen L.L.P. Ms. Breber holds a Bachelor of Commerce in Accounting and Finance from McGill University.

Jonathan Hawkins has served as our Chief Revenue Officer since April 2019. Prior to joining us, Mr. Hawkins was Senior Vice President of Business Development, Sales and Marketing for Spry Health, Inc., a healthcare data analytics provider that identifies early signs of clinical deterioration in chronically-ill patients, from October 2017 to April 2019. Mr. Hawkins was also a Founding Investor and Advisor to The Batchery, a startup incubator and accelerator. Prior to that, Mr. Hawkins was Vice President of Business Development and Sales for MedeAnalytics, Inc., from May 2016 to October 2017. From November 2015 to March 2016, Mr. Hawkins served as a consultant to Cal INDEX, a non-profit health information exchange. Mr. Hawkins holds a B.A. in International Relations from Stanford University, and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.

Paul Ginocchio has served as our Chief Financial Officer since July 2020. Prior to joining us, from December 2019 to June 2020, Mr. Ginocchio served as an independent strategic advisor to multiple technology companies. Mr. Ginocchio previously served as Chief Financial Officer of Brightfield Strategies LLC., a workplace data and analytics company, from January 2017 to September 2019. Prior to that, Mr. Ginocchio served as an industry consultant and interim Chief Financial Officer from September 2016 to December 2016 for various companies. From November 1998 to May 2016, Mr. Ginocchio was Lead Analyst, then Managing Director of Information & Business Services Equity Research at Deutsche Bank AG. Mr. Ginocchio holds B.A. in Economics & Business Management from North Carolina State University, and a M.B.A. in Finance from Indiana University Kelley School of Business.

Non-Employee Directors

Jennifer Carter has served as a member of our board of directors since June 2020. Since April 2015, Ms. Carter has served in various roles at McKesson Ventures, including as Vice President of Portfolio Development and Marketing from April 2015 to September 2019, and as Vice President of Venture Operations from September 2019 to June 2020, then Vice President of Portfolio Development from June 2020 to present. Ms. Carter holds a B.A. in Economics from Boston College Caroll School of Management. We believe that Ms. Carter is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to her experience in healthcare operations and venture capital.

Jason Krikorian has served as a member of our board of directors since May 2017. He is also currently General Partner at DCM, where he has served since July 2010. Prior to joining DCM, Mr. Krikorian co-founded Sling Media, Inc., a digital media and device company. Mr. Krikorian holds a B.A. in Psychology from the University of California, Berkeley, a J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law, and a M.B.A. from the University of Virginia Darden School of Business. We believe that Mr. Krikorian is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his expertise as an entrepreneur and venture capital investor in technology companies.

Joseph Marks, Ph.D. has served as a member of our board of directors since January 2020. He is also currently Chief Technology Officer for Weta Digital Ltd., a digital visual effects company, where he has served since September 2020. Dr. Marks is also Executive Director of the Center for Machine Learning and Health at Carnegie Mellon University, where he has served since May 2016. Dr. Marks co-founded Caboodle Technologies, Inc. in April 2018. Prior to that, Dr. Marks was Co-Founder of Upfront Analytics, LTD, based in Dublin, Ireland. Earlier in his career, Dr. Marks served as Research Scientist, then Research Director at Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs from 1993 to 2006. Dr. Marks holds an A.B. in Applied Mathematics, as well as a Master of Science and Ph.D. in Computer Science, all from Harvard University. We believe that Dr. Marks is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his experience as an entrepreneur and technology researcher.

Gerard van Hamel Platerink has served as Chairman of our board of directors since September 2020 and has served as a member of our board of directors since April 2016. Mr. van Hamel Platerink currently serves as a Managing Director of Redmile Group, LLC (“Redmile”), a healthcare focused investment firm with offices in San Francisco, New York and Paris, which he joined in May 2012. Prior to joining Redmile, Mr. van Hamel Platerink was a Managing Director with Accuitive Medical Ventures, a healthcare venture capital firm from 2003 to 2012. Mr. van Hamel Platerink holds a B.S. in Physics from the University of St. Andrews, and an M.B.A. from University of Cambridge. We believe that Mr. van Hamel Platerink is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his expertise as a venture capital investor, and knowledge regarding the healthcare industry.

Corporate Governance

Appointment of Officers

Our executive officers are appointed by, and serve at the discretion of, our board of directors. There are no family relationships between any of our directors or executive officers.

Board Composition

Our board of directors currently consists of six members. Emmanuel Krakaris, Ian Shakil, Jennifer Carter, Jason Krikorian, Joseph Marks, Ph.D. and Gerald van Hamel Platerink have been designated to serve as members of our board of directors.

Each of our current directors will continue to serve until the election and qualification of his or her successor, or his or her earlier death, resignation, or removal.

Classified Board of Directors

Our board of directors will consist of six members and be divided into three classes of directors that will serve staggered three-year terms. At each annual meeting of stockholders, a class of directors will be elected for a three-year term to succeed the same class whose term is then expiring. As a result, only one class of directors will be elected at each annual meeting of our stockholders, with the other classes continuing for the remainder of their respective three-year terms. Our directors will be divided among the three classes as follows:

Each director’s term continues until the election and qualification of his or her successor, or his or her earlier death, resignation, or removal. Our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws to be in effect upon the completion of this Merger will authorize only our board of directors to fill vacancies on our board of directors. Any increase or decrease in the number of directors will be distributed among the three classes so that, as nearly as possible, each class will consist of one-third of the directors. This classification of our board of directors may have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in control of our Company. See the section titled “Description of Capital Stock—Anti-Takeover Provisions.”

Director Independence

Our securities are not listed on a national securities exchange or on any inter-dealer quotation system that has a requirement that a majority of directors be independent. We evaluate independence by the standards for director independence set forth in the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. Under such rules, our board of directors has determined that all members of the board of directors except Emmanuel Krakaris and Ian Shakil are independent directors. Emmanuel Krakaris and Ian Shakil are not independent directors under these rules because they are executive officers of our Company. In making such independence determination, our board of directors considered the relationships that each non-employee director has with us and all other facts and circumstances that our board of directors deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by each non-employee director. In considering the independence of the directors listed above, our board of directors considered the association of our directors with the holders of more than 5% of our common stock. We expect that the composition and functioning of our board of directors and each of our committees will comply with applicable Nasdaq requirements and the rules and regulations of the SEC, as applicable. There are no family relationships among any of our directors and executive officers.

Under the rules of Nasdaq, independent directors must comprise a majority of a listed company’s board of directors within a specified period of listing. In addition, rules require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit, compensation, and nominating, governance, and corporate responsibility committees be independent. Under rules, a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of that company’s board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

Audit committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. In order to be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors, or any other board committee: (1) accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries; or (2) be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries. We intend to satisfy the audit committee independence requirements of Rule 10A-3 as of the closing of the Offering.

Our board of directors has undertaken a review of the independence of each director and considered whether each director has a material relationship with us that could compromise his or her ability to exercise independent judgment in carrying out his or her responsibilities. As a result of this review, our board of directors determined that Messrs. Krikorian, Marks, van Hamel Platerink and Ms. Carter are “independent directors” as defined under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing requirements and rules of Nasdaq. In making these determinations, our board of directors reviewed and discussed information provided by the directors and us with regard to each director’s business and personal activities and current and prior relationships as they may relate to us and our management, including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by each non-employee director and the transactions involving them described in the section titled “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”

Committees of the Board of Directors

Our board of directors has an audit committee, a compensation committee, and a nominating and governance committee, each of which, pursuant to its respective charter, will have the composition and responsibilities described below. Members serve on these committees until their resignation or until otherwise determined by our board of directors.

Audit Committee

Our audit committee is composed of Mr. Krakaris and Ms. Carter. Ms. Carter is the chair of our audit committee. Each member of our audit committee is financially literate. Our board of directors has determined that no member of our audit committee is an “audit committee financial expert” as that term is defined in Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act. Our audit committee’s principal functions are to assist our board of directors in its oversight of:

Our Audit Committee does not currently satisfy the listing standards of Nasdaq, and therefore we are ineligible to be listed on the exchange until we satisfy these requirements.

Compensation Committee

Our compensation committee is composed of Messrs. Krakaris, Krikorian and van Hamel Platerink. Mr. Krikorian is the chair of our compensation committee. Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:

Our Compensation Committee does not currently satisfy the listing standards of Nasdaq, and therefore we are ineligible to be listed on the exchange until we satisfy these requirements.

Nominating and Governance Committee

Our nominating and governance committee is composed of Ms. Carter and Mr. van Hamel Platerink. Mr. van Hamel Platerink is the chair of our nominating and governance committee. The members of our nominating and governance committee meet the independence requirements under Nasdaq and SEC rules. Our nominating and governance committee’s principal functions include:

Our Nominating and Governance Committee does not currently satisfy the listing standards of Nasdaq, and therefore we are ineligible to be listed on the exchange until we satisfy these requirements.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of the members of the compensation committee is currently, or has been at any time, one of our officers or employees. None of our executive officers has served as a member of the board of directors, or as a member of the compensation or similar committee, of any entity that has one or more executive officers who served on our board or compensation committee during fiscal 2019.

Non-Employee Director Compensation

In fiscal 2019, no cash or equity compensation was paid to the non-employee members of our board of directors. All compensation paid to Messrs. Krakaris and Shakil, our employee directors, are set forth below in the section titled “Executive Compensation—2019 Summary Compensation Table.” During fiscal 2019, we did not pay any fees to, make any equity awards or non-equity awards to, or pay any other compensation to the non-employee members of our board of directors. Before this Merger, we did not have a formal policy to provide any cash or equity compensation to our non-employee directors for their service on our board of directors or committees of our board of directors.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The following tables and accompanying narrative set forth information about the fiscal 2019 compensation provided to our principal executive officer and the two most highly compensated executive officers (other than our principal executive officer) who were serving as executive officers as of December 31, 2019. These executive officers were Emmanuel Krakaris, our Chief Executive Officer, Sandra Breber, our Chief Operating Officer, and Matteo Marchetta, our former Chief Financial Officer, and we refer to them in this section as our “named executive officers.”

Equity Compensation

From time to time, we grant equity awards in the form of stock options to our named executive officers, which are generally subject to vesting based on each named executive officer’s continued service with us. As of December 31, 2019, each of our named executive officers held options to purchase shares of our common stock that were granted under the Augmedix Plan, as set forth in the table below titled “Outstanding Equity Awards at 2019 Fiscal Year-End.”

Offer Letters

We have entered into offer letters with each of our named executive officers. In addition, each of our named executive officers has executed our form of standard employee invention assignment and confidentiality agreement.

Emmanuel Krakaris

In October 2018, we entered into an offer letter with Mr. Krakaris, our Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board. This offer letter provides for an annual base salary of $350,000 initially, with an increase to $400,000 upon the completion of an equity financing with (i) gross proceeds to the Company of at least $15,000,000 (including the amount of any indebtedness converted into equity in connection with such financing) and (ii) in which any investor investing at least $3,000,000 in such financing is not a prior investor in the equity and/or debt of the Company. It is anticipated that the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement will not constitute such an equity financing within the meaning of Mr. Krakaris’s offer letter. Mr. Krakaris is also eligible to receive an annual bonus with a target of 50% to a maximum of 75% of his base salary, based upon achievement of performance goals established upon the mutual agreement of Mr. Krakaris and the board of directors. Mr. Krakaris is an at-will employee and does not have a fixed employment term. He is eligible to participate in employee benefit plans, including health insurance, that we offer to our employees.

Sandra Breber

In November 2018, we entered into a consulting agreement with Ms. Breber to provide management and operational consulting services to the Company for two full days per week with monthly payments of $12,000 per month prorated to the actual number of days Ms. Breber provided services to the Company in such month. In February 2019, the consulting agreement was amended to increase the number of days per week in which Ms. Breber provided services to the Company from two days to three days. Ms. Breber’s consulting agreement was terminated in connection with her appointment as Chief Operating Officer of the Company.

In March 2019, we entered into an offer letter with Ms. Breber, our Chief Operating Officer. This offer letter provides for an annual base salary of $275,000. Ms Breber is also eligible for a performance bonus based upon the achievement of Company and individual goals. Ms. Breber is an at-will employee and does not have a fixed employment term. She is eligible to participate in our employee benefit plans, including health insurance, that we offer to our employees.

Matteo Marchetta

In August 2017, we entered into an offer letter with Mr. Marchetta, our former Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Marchetta was an at-will employee and his employment was terminated as of July 14, 2020.

Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control

We have entered into offer letters with each of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, which provide for the following benefits upon certain terminations as provided below:

Emmanuel Krakaris

If Mr. Krakaris is terminated by us without cause (as such term is defined in his offer letter) or resigns for good reason (as such term is defined in his offer letter), he will be eligible to receive, in exchange for a customary release of claims, (i) a lump sum severance payment of three months base salary plus (ii) three months of salary continuation.

If Mr. Krakaris’s employment is terminated by us without cause or by the executive for good reason immediately prior to or within twelve months following a change in control (as defined in the Augmedix Plan), Mr. Krakaris will additionally receive, in exchange for a customary release of claims, 100% acceleration of any then-unvested equity awards, a two year post-termination exercise period in which to exercise any stock options (but not beyond the term of the options) and the ability to net exercise the stock options (with respect to the exercise price only).

Sandra Breber

If Ms. Breber is terminated for any reason, she is not entitled to any severance or equity acceleration.

Matteo Marchetta

In connection with the termination of Mr. Marchetta’s employment with the Company, he was paid severance in an amount equal to four months of his annual base salary, in exchange for a customary release of claims. Mr. Marchetta’s stock options, to the extent vested as of the date of his termination of employment with the Company, remained exercisable in accordance with their terms.

This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual text of Mr. Krakaris’s and Ms. Breber’s offer letters, which are filed as exhibits hereto.

Employee Benefit and Stock Plans

We believe that our ability to grant equity-based awards is a valuable compensation tool that enables us to attract, retain, and motivate our employees, consultants, and directors by aligning their financial interests will those of our stockholders. The principal features of our equity incentive plans are summarized below. These summaries are qualified in their entirety by reference to the actual text of the plans, which are filed as Exhibits 10.1 and 10.2 hereto and incorporated herein by reference.

Augmedix 2013 Equity Incentive Plan

In April 2013, Augmedix adopted the Augmedix Plan as most recently amended on September 3, 2019. The purposes of the Augmedix Plan are to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, to provide additional incentive to employees, directors and consultants and to promote the success of our business.

Share Reserve. As of the Effective Time, we had 4,466,136 shares of our common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to grants under our Augmedix Plan of which 0 shares remained available for grant. As of the Effective Time, options to purchase 0 shares had been exercised and options to purchase 4,213,153 shares remained outstanding, with a weighted-average exercise price of $0.77 per share and stock appreciation rights to purchase 0 shares (or cash equivalents) had been exercised and stock appreciation rights to purchase 252,983 shares (or cash equivalents) remained outstanding, with a weighted-average exercise price of $0.77 per share. No shares of restricted stock, no stock appreciation rights and no RSUs were granted under the 2013 Plan after August 31, 2020.

Administration. The Augmedix Plan is administered by our board of directors or a committee appointed by our board of directors, referred to herein as the “administrator.” Subject to the terms of the Augmedix Plan, the administrator has the authority to, among other things, select the persons to whom awards will be granted, construe and interpret the Augmedix Plan as well as to prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Augmedix Plan and awards granted thereunder. The administrator may modify awards subject to the terms of the Augmedix Plan.

Eligibility. Pursuant to the Augmedix Plan, we may grant incentive stock options only to our employees or the employees of our parent or subsidiaries, as applicable (including officers and directors who are also employees). We may grant non-statutory stock options, RSUs, stock appreciation rights and shares of restricted stock to our employees (including officers and directors who are also employees), non-employee directors, and consultants, or the employees, directors, and consultants of our parent and subsidiaries, as applicable.

Options. The Augmedix Plan provides for the grant of both (i) incentive stock options, which are intended to qualify for tax treatment as set forth under Section 422 of the Code and (ii) non-statutory stock options to purchase shares of our common stock, each at a stated exercise price. The exercise price of each option must be at least equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant (unless otherwise determined by the administrator). However, the exercise price of any incentive stock option granted to an individual who owns more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our capital stock must be at least equal to 110% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. The administrator will determine the vesting schedule applicable to each option. The maximum permitted term of options granted under the Augmedix Plan is ten years from the date of grant, except that the maximum permitted term of incentive stock options granted to an individual who owns more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our capital stock is five years from the date of grant.

Stock Appreciation Rights. The Augmedix Plan provides for the grant of stock appreciation rights at a stated exercise price. A stock appreciation right provides for a payment, in cash or shares of our common stock, to the holder based upon the difference between the fair market value of our common stock on the date of exercise and a pre-determined exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares with respect to which the stock appreciation right is being exercised. The exercise price of each stock appreciation right must be at least equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant (unless otherwise determined by the administrator), and may either be net exercised, or settled is cash, shares, restricted shares or RSUs, as determined by the administrator. The administrator will determine the vesting schedule applicable to each stock appreciation right. The maximum permitted term of stock appreciation rights granted under the Augmedix Plan is ten years from the date of grant.

Restricted Stock and RSUs. In addition, the Augmedix Plan allows for the grant of restricted stock awards and RSUs, with terms as generally determined by the administrator (in accordance with the Augmedix Plan) and to be set forth in an award agreement. We have not granted any shares of restricted stock or any RSUs under the Augmedix Plan; provided that certain options granted under the Augmedix Plan may be early exercisable and may be exercised for unvested shares of our common stock subject to a repurchase right.

Limited Transferability. Unless otherwise determined by the administrator, awards under the Augmedix Plan generally may not be sold, pledged, assigned, hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will, the laws of descent and distribution and, with respect to non-statutory stock options, by instrument to an inter vivos or testamentary trust in which the non-statutory stock options are to be passed to beneficiaries upon the death of the trustor, or by gift to a qualified family member.

Change of Control. In the event that we are subject to an “acquisition” or “other combination” (as defined in the Augmedix Plan and generally meaning, collectively, a merger, a sale or transfer of more than 50% of the voting power of all of our outstanding securities, or a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of ours), the Augmedix Plan provides that awards will be subject to the agreement evidencing such acquisition or other combination, which agreement need not treat all awards in a similar manner. Such agreement may, without the participant’s consent, provide for the continuation of outstanding awards, the assumption or substitution of awards, the acceleration of vesting of awards, the settlement of awards (whether or not vested) in cash, securities, or other consideration, or the cancellation of such awards for no consideration.

Adjustments. In the event that the number of outstanding shares of our common stock is changed by a stock dividend, recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, subdivision, combination, reclassification, spin-off, or other change in our capital structure affecting our shares without consideration, then in order to prevent diminution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the Augmedix Plan (i) the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Augmedix Plan, (ii) the exercise prices of and number of shares subject to outstanding options and stock appreciation rights, and (iii) the purchase prices of and/or number of shares subject to other outstanding awards will (to the extent appropriate) be proportionately adjusted (subject to required action by the board or our stockholders).

Exchange, repricing and buyout of awards. The administrator may, with the consent of the respective participants, issue new awards in exchange for the surrender and cancelation of any or all outstanding awards. The administrator may also reprice, or reduce the exercise price, of options or stock appreciation rights or buy an award previously granted with payment in cash, shares or other consideration, in each case, subject to the terms of the Augmedix Plan.

Amendment; Termination. Our board of directors may amend or terminate the Augmedix Plan at any time and may terminate any and all outstanding options, RSUs, or stock appreciation rights upon a dissolution or liquidation of us, provided that certain amendments will require shareholder approval or participant consent.

2020 Equity Incentive Plan

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, we adopted and our stockholders approved the 2020 Plan which serves as the successor to our 2013 Plan. Our 2020 Plan authorizes the award of stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, RSUs, performance awards, cash awards, and stock bonus awards. We initially reserved 0 shares of our common stock, plus any reserved shares not issued or subject to outstanding grants under the Augmedix Plan on the effective date of the 2020 Plan, for issuance pursuant to awards granted under our 2020 Plan. The number of shares reserved for issuance under our 2020 Plan will increase automatically on January 1 of each of 2021 through 2030 by the number of shares equal to the lesser of 5% of the total number of outstanding shares of our common stock as of the immediately preceding January 1, or a number as may be determined by our board of directors. In addition, the following shares of our common stock will be available for grant and issuance under our 2020 Plan:

The following is a description of the material terms of the 2020 Plan. The summary below does not contain a complete description of all provisions of the 2020 Plan and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the 2020 Plan, a copy of which is included as Exhibit 10.2 hereto.

Administration. Our 2020 Plan is expected to be administered by our compensation committee or by our board of directors acting in place of our compensation committee. Subject to the terms and conditions of the 2020 Plan, the compensation committee will have the authority, among other things, to select the persons to whom awards may be granted, construe and interpret our 2020 Plan as well as to determine the terms of such awards and prescribe, amend, and rescind the rules and regulations relating to the 2020 Plan or any award granted thereunder. The 2020 Plan provides that the board of directors or compensation committee may delegate its authority, including the authority to grant awards, to one or more officers to the extent permitted by applicable law, provided that awards granted to non-employee directors may only be determined by our board of directors.

Eligibility. Our 2020 Plan provides for the grant of awards to our employees, directors, and consultants. No non-employee director may receive awards under our 2020 Plan that, when combined with cash compensation received for service as a non-employee director, exceed $750,000 in value (measured as of the date of grant) in any fiscal year.

Options. The 2020 Plan provides for the grant of both incentive stock options intended to qualify under Section 422 of the Code, and non-statutory stock options to purchase shares of our common stock at a stated exercise price. Incentive stock options may only be granted to employees, including officers and directors who are also employees. The exercise price of stock options granted under the 2020 Plan must be at least equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Incentive stock options granted to an individual who holds, directly or by attribution, more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our capital stock must have an exercise price of at least 110% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Subject to stock splits, dividends, recapitalizations or similar events, no more than 2,000,000 shares may be issued pursuant to the exercise of incentive stock options granted under the 2020 Plan.

Options may vest based on service or achievement of performance conditions. Our compensation committee may provide for options to be exercised only as they vest or to be immediately exercisable, with any shares issued on exercise being subject to our right of repurchase that lapses as the shares vest. The maximum term of options granted under our 2020 Plan is ten years from the date of grant, except that the maximum permitted term of incentive stock options granted to an individual who holds, directly or by attribution, more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our capital stock is five years from the date of grant.

Restricted Stock Awards. An award of restricted stock is an offer by us to sell shares of our common stock subject to restrictions that may lapse based on the satisfaction of service or achievement of performance conditions. The price, if any, of an award of restricted stock will be determined by the compensation committee. Unless otherwise determined by the compensation committee, holders of restricted stock will be entitled to vote and to receive any dividends or stock distributions paid pursuant to any unvested shares of restricted stock. If any such dividends or distributions are paid in shares of common stock, the shares will be subject to the same restrictions on transferability and forfeiture as the shares of restricted stock with respect to which they were paid.

Stock Appreciation Rights. A SAR provides for a payment, in cash or shares of our common stock, to the holder based upon the difference between the fair market value of our common stock on the date of exercise and a pre-determined exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares with respect to which the SAR is being exercised. The exercise price of a SAR must be at least the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of grant. SARs may vest based on service or achievement of performance conditions, and may not have a term that is longer than ten years from the date of grant.

Restricted Stock Units. RSUs represent the right to receive shares of our common stock at a specified date in the future, and may be subject to vesting based on service or achievement of performance conditions. Settlement of earned RSUs may be made as soon as practicable after the date determined at the time of grant or on a deferred basis in the discretion of the committee, and may be settled in cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of both. No RSU may have a term that is longer than ten years from the date of grant.

Performance Awards. Performance awards granted pursuant to the 2020 Plan may be in the form of a cash bonus, or an award of performance shares or performance units denominated in shares of our common stock, that may be settled in cash, property or by issuance of those shares subject to the satisfaction or achievement of specified performance conditions.

Stock Bonus Awards. A stock bonus award provides for payment in the form of cash, shares of our common stock or a combination thereof, based on the fair market value of shares subject to such award as determined by our compensation committee. The awards may be subject to vesting restrictions based on continued service or performance conditions.

Cash Awards. A cash award is an award that is denominated in, or payable to an eligible participant solely in, cash.

Dividend Equivalent Rights. Dividend equivalent rights may be granted at the discretion of our compensation committee and represent the right to receive the value of dividends, if any, paid by us in respect of the number of shares of our common stock underlying an award. Dividend equivalent rights will be subject to the same vesting or performance conditions as the underlying award and will be paid only at such time as the underlying award has become fully vested. Dividend equivalent rights may be settled in cash, shares or other property, or a combination of thereof as determined by the compensation committee.

Change of Control. Our 2020 Plan provides that, in the event of a “corporate transaction” (as defined in the 2020 Plan), awards granted under the 2020 Plan may (i) be continued by the Company, if we are the successor entity; or (ii) assumed or substituted by the successor corporation, or a parent or subsidiary of the successor corporation, for substantially equivalent awards (including, but not limited to, an award to acquire the same consideration paid to our stockholders pursuant to the corporate transaction), in each case after taking into account appropriate adjustments for the number and kind of shares and exercise prices. The successor corporation may also issue, as replacement of our outstanding shares held by the participant, substantially similar shares, or other property subject to repurchase restrictions no less favorable to the participant. In the event the successor corporation refuses to assume, substitute, or replace any award, then such award will become fully vested and, as applicable, exercisable and any rights of repurchase or forfeiture restrictions thereon will lapse, immediately prior to the consummation of the corporation transaction. Awards with performance-based vesting criteria that are not assumed will be deemed earned and vested based on the greater of actual performance (if determinable) or 100% of target level, unless otherwise indicated pursuant to the terms and conditions of the applicable award agreement.

Adjustment. In the event of a change in the outstanding shares of our common stock without consideration by reason of a stock dividend, extraordinary dividend or distribution, recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, subdivision, combination, reclassification, spin-off, or similar change in our capital structure, appropriate proportional adjustments will be made to (i) the number and class of shares reserved for issuance under our 2020 Plan and the incentive stock option limit; (ii) the exercise prices of options and SARs; (iii) number and class of shares subject to outstanding awards; and (iv) any applicable maximum award limits pursuant to the 2020 Plan.

Clawback; Transferability. All awards will be subject to clawback or recoupment pursuant to any compensation clawback or recoupment policy adopted by the board of directors or required by law to the extent set forth in such policy or applicable agreement. Except in limited circumstances, awards granted under our 2020 Plan may generally not be transferred in any manner prior to vesting other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution.

Amendment and Termination; Exchange Program. Our board of directors may amend our 2020 Plan at any time, subject to stockholder approval as may be required. Our 2020 Plan will terminate ten years from the date our board of directors adopts the plan, unless it is terminated earlier by our board of directors. No termination or amendment of the 2020 Plan may adversely affect any then-outstanding award without the consent of the affected participant, except as is necessary to comply with applicable laws. Subject to the foregoing, the compensation committee may at any time increase or decrease the exercise price applicable to outstanding options or SARs or pay cash or issue new awards in exchange for the surrender and cancellation of any, or all, outstanding awards.

401(k) Plan

We sponsor a retirement plan intended to qualify for favorable tax treatment under Section 401(a) of the Code, containing a cash or deferred feature that is intended to meet the requirements of Section 401(k) of the Code. All of our employees are eligible to participate in the plan on the first day of the month following their date of hire. Participants may make pre-tax contributions to the plan from their eligible earnings up to the statutorily prescribed annual limit on contributions under the Code. Participant contributions are held in trust as required by law. We make matching contributions, equal to 25% of each employee’s pre-tax contributions up to 4% of each employee’s eligible earnings, which contributions will be subject to vesting conditions.

Limitations on Liability and Indemnification Matters

Our restated certificate of incorporation contains provisions that will limit the liability of our directors for monetary damages to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”). Consequently, our directors will not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for:

Our restated certificate of incorporation and our restated bylaws will require us to indemnify our directors and officers to the maximum extent not prohibited by the DGCL and allow us to indemnify other employees and agents as set forth in the DGCL. Subject to certain limitations, our restated bylaws will also require us to advance expenses incurred by our directors and officers for the defense of any action for which indemnification is required or permitted, subject to very limited exceptions.

We have entered, and intend to continue to enter, into separate indemnification agreements with our directors, officers, and certain of our other employees. These agreements, among other things, require us to indemnify our directors, officers, and key employees for certain expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, and settlement amounts actually and reasonably incurred by such director, officer, or key employee in any action or proceeding arising out of their service to us or any of our subsidiaries or any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request. Subject to certain limitations, our indemnification agreements also require us to advance expenses incurred by our directors, officers, and key employees for the defense of any action for which indemnification is required or permitted.

We believe that these provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons such as directors, officers, and key employees. We also maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance.

The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors and officers for breaches of their fiduciary duties. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against our directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us and other stockholders. Further, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent that we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers as required by these indemnification provisions.

At present, we are not aware of any pending litigation or proceeding arising out of any indemnitee’s service to us or any of our subsidiaries or any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request, involving any person who is or was one of our directors, officers, employees, or other agents or is or was serving at our request as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, for which indemnification is sought, and we are not aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, executive officers, or persons controlling us, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

We describe below transactions since January 1, 2017, in which the amounts involved exceeded or will exceed $120,000 and any of our directors, executive officers, or beneficial holders of more than 5% of Augmedix’s pre-Merger capital stock had or will have a direct or indirect material interest. Other than as described below, there have not been transactions to which we have been a party other than compensation arrangements, which are described under “Executive Compensation.” The following description is historical and has not been adjusted to give effect to the Merger.

2018 Convertible Debt Financing

In March 2018, Augmedix sold in a private placement an aggregate of $2.65 million of convertible promissory notes at an interest rate 6% per annum (each, a “2018 Note” and collectively, the “2018 Notes”) and a Simple Agreement for Future Equity (the “2018 SAFE” and together with the 2018 Notes the “2018 Convertible Securities”), which granted the holders of the 2018 Convertible Securities the right to convert those 2018 Convertible Securities into shares of Augmedix’s preferred stock at a discount upon the closing of a preferred stock financing with an aggregate gross purchase price paid to Augmedix of no less than $7 million.

2018 Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Financing

Between May 2018 and September 2018, Augmedix sold an aggregate of 4,821,014 shares of our 2018 Series B convertible preferred stock at a cash purchase price of approximately $1.6732 per share (before giving effect to a 10-for-1 reverse stock split in March 2019) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $8.1 million. The holders of the 2018 Convertible Securities received an aggregate of 1,769,288 shares of Augmedix’s 2018 Series B convertible preferred stock at a conversion price per share of $1.5059 for the cancellation of approximately $2.7 million in indebtedness of 2018 Convertible Securities.

The following table summarizes the 2018 Series B convertible preferred stock purchased by affiliates of members of our board of directors and holders of more than 5% of our outstanding capital stock:

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Financing

Between October 2018 and December 2018, Augmedix sold an aggregate of 63,761,732 shares of Augmedix’s Series A convertible preferred stock at a purchase price of approximately $0.20 per share (before giving effect to a 10-for-1 reverse stock split in March 2019) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $12.8 million (the “Series A Financing”).

Kazi Shakil, the father of Ian Shakil, our Chief Strategy Officer and a member of the Board of Directors participated in the Series A Financing and purchased 180,000 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock for an aggregate purchase price of $36,000.

In connection with the Series A Financing, Augmedix entered into an Exchange Agreement with certain of its stockholders, including Redmile, McKesson Ventures LLC and DCM. In accordance with the terms of the Exchange Agreement, investors who purchased Series A Preferred Shares were able to exchange certain shares of their capital stock for Series A-1 preferred shares.

The following table summarizes the Series A convertible preferred stock purchased by affiliates of members of our board of directors and holders of more than 5% of our outstanding capital stock:

2019 Convertible Debt Financing

In August 2019, Augmedix sold an aggregate of approximately $3.3 million of Convertible Promissory Notes at an interest 6% per annum (each, a “2019 Note” and collectively, the “2019 Notes”) and a Simple Agreement for Future Equity (each, a “2019 SAFE” and collectively, the “2019 SAFEs” and together with the Notes the “2019 Convertible Securities”), which granted the holders of the 2019 Convertible Securities the right to convert those 2019 Convertible Securities into shares of Augmedix’s preferred stock at a discount upon the closing of a financing with an aggregate gross purchase price paid to Augmedix of no less than $14.7 million.

2019 Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and Warrant Financing

Between September 2019 and March 2020, Augmedix sold an aggregate of 16,067,648 shares of its 2019 Series B convertible preferred stock at a cash purchase price of approximately $1.2111 per share for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $15.8 million and a conversion price of approximately $1.08999 per share for the cancellation of approximately $3.3 million in indebtedness of 2019 Convertible Securities (the “Series B Financing”).

Kazi Shakil, the father of Ian Shakil, our Chief Strategy Officer and a member of the Board of Directors participated in the 2019 Series B Financing and purchased 20,622 shares of 2019 Series B convertible preferred stock for an aggregate purchase price of $24,975.31.

The following table summarizes the 2019 Series B convertible preferred stock purchased by affiliates of members of our board of directors and holders of more than 5% of our outstanding capital stock:

Lease Agreement

Augmedix leases part of its Dhaka, Bangladesh facility from S.S. Properties, an entity which is owned by Kazi Shakil, the father of Ian Shakil, our Chief Strategy Officer and a member of the Board of Directors (“S.S. Properties”). On June 1, 2015, Augmedix entered into a lease agreement with S.S. Properties that expires on May 31, 2025 (the “First S.S. Lease”). On August 1, 2017, Augmedix entered into a second lease agreement with S.S. Properties, that expires on December 31, 2027 (the “Second S.S. Lease”). On August 1, 2017, Augmedix entered into a third lease agreement with S.S. Properties, that expires on November 30, 2027 (the “Third S.S. Lease”). On August 1, 2017, Augmedix entered into a fourth lease agreement with S.S. Properties, that expires on July 30, 2027 (the “Fourth S.S. Lease”). On July 1, 2018, Augmedix entered into a fifth lease agreement with S.S. Properties, that expires on June 30, 2028 (the “Fifth S.S. Lease”). On January 1, 2019, Augmedix entered into a sixth lease agreement with S.S. Properties, that expires on December 31, 2028 (the “Sixth S.S. Lease” and collectively with the First S.S. Lease, Second S.S. Lease, Third S.S. Lease, Fourth S.S. Lease and Fifth S.S. Lease, the “S.S. Leases”). Rent expense under the S.S. Leases approximated $129,181, $223,234 and $287,638 for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Participation in the Offering

Certain of our existing institutional investors, including investors affiliated with certain of our directors, have purchased an aggregate of 6.3 million shares of our common stock in the Offering, for an aggregate gross purchase price of $19 million. Such purchases were made on the same terms as the shares that were sold to other investors in the Offering and not pursuant to any pre-existing contractual rights or obligations.

Indemnification Agreements

We will enter into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. The indemnification agreements and our restated bylaws will require us to indemnify our directors to the fullest extent not prohibited by DGCL. Subject to very limited exceptions, our restated bylaws will also require us to advance expenses incurred by our directors and officers.

Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

Our written related party transactions policy and the charters of our audit committee and nominating and governance committee require that any transaction with a related person that must be reported under applicable rules of the SEC must be reviewed and approved or ratified by our audit committee. However, if the related party is, or is associated with, a member of the audit committee, the transaction must be reviewed and approved by our nominating and governance committee.

PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of October 5, 2020, immediately following the closing of the Merger and the Offering, by:

We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Except as indicated by the footnotes below, we believe, based on information furnished to us, that the persons and entities named in the table below have sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares of common stock that they beneficially owned, subject to applicable community property laws.

The percentage of shares beneficially owned is computed on the basis of 26,096,986 shares of common stock outstanding as of October 5, 2020, after giving effect to the Merger and the Offering. Shares of common stock that a person has the right to acquire within 60 days of October 5, 2020 are deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of the person holding such rights, but are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person, except with respect to the percentage ownership of all directors and executive officers as a group. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner in the table below is c/o Augmedix, Inc., 1161 Mission St #LL, San Francisco, CA 94103.

MARKET PRICE OF AND DIVIDENDS ON THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY

AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Our common stock is not listed on a national securities exchange, an over-the-counter market or any other exchange. Therefore, there is no trading market, active or otherwise, for our common stock and our common stock may never be included for trading on any stock exchange, automated quotation system or any over-the-counter market.

As of the date of this Report, we have 26,096,986 shares of common stock outstanding held by 96 stockholders of record.

Dividend Policy

We have never paid any cash dividends on our capital stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings to fund ongoing operations and future capital requirements. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent upon financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and such other factors as the board of directors deems relevant.

Shares Eligible for Future Sale

Prior to the Merger, there has been a limited public market for our common stock. Future sales of our common stock, including shares issued upon the exercise of options or warrants that we may issue, in the public market after the Merger, or the perception that those sales may occur, could cause the prevailing price for our common stock to fall or impair our ability to raise equity capital in the future. As described below, only a limited number of shares of our common stock will be available for sale in the public market for a period of several months after consummation of the Merger due to contractual and legal restrictions on resale described below. Future sales of our common stock in the public market either before (to the extent permitted) or after restrictions lapse, or the perception that those sales may occur, could adversely affect the prevailing price of our common stock at such time and our ability to raise equity capital at a time and price we deem appropriate.

Upon the completion of the initial closing of the Offering, we had 26,096,986 shares of common stock outstanding, of which our directors and executive officers beneficially own an aggregate of 20,658,518 shares. Of those outstanding shares, no shares of common stock are freely tradable, without restriction, as of the date of this Report. No shares issued in connection with the Merger or the Offering can be publicly sold under Rule 144 under the Securities Act until 12 months after the date of filing this Report.

Sale of Restricted Shares

Of the approximately 26,096,986 shares of common stock outstanding upon completion of the Offering, all of such shares will be “restricted securities” as such term is defined in Rule 144. These restricted securities were issued and sold by us, or will be issued and sold by us, in private transactions and are eligible for public sale only if registered under the Securities Act or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, including the exemptions provided by Rule 144 or Rule 701, which rules are summarized below.

Rule 144

Pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, sales of the securities of a former shell company, such as us, under that rule are not permitted (i) until at least 12 months have elapsed from the date on which this Report, reflecting our status as a non-shell company, is filed with the SEC and (ii) unless at the time of a proposed sale, we are subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and have filed all reports and other materials required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as applicable, during the preceding 12 months, other than Current Reports on Form 8-K. We intend to register such shares for sale under the Securities Act but are currently a “voluntary filer” and are not subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. As a result, unless we register such shares for sale under the Securities Act, most of our stockholders will be forced to hold their shares of our common stock for at least that 12-month period before they are eligible to sell those shares, and even after that 12-month period, sales may not be made under Rule 144 unless we and the selling stockholders are in compliance with other requirements of Rule 144.

In general, Rule 144 provides that (i) any of our non-affiliates that has held restricted common stock for at least 12 months is thereafter entitled to sell its restricted stock freely and without restriction, provided that we remain compliant and current with our SEC reporting obligations, and (ii) any of our affiliates, which includes our directors, executive officers and other person in control of us, that has held restricted common stock for at least 12 months is thereafter entitled to sell its restricted stock subject to the following restrictions: (a) we are compliant and current with our SEC reporting obligations, (b) certain manner of sale provisions are satisfied, (c) a Form 144 is filed with the SEC, and (d) certain volume limitations are satisfied, which limit the sale of shares within any three-month period to a number of shares that does not exceed 1% of the total number of outstanding shares or, if our common stock is then listed or quoted for trading on a national securities exchange, then the greater of 1% of the total number of outstanding shares and the average weekly trading volume of our common stock during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of the Form 144 with respect to the sale. A person who has ceased to be an affiliate at least three months immediately preceding the sale and who has owned such shares of common stock for at least one year is entitled to sell the shares under Rule 144 without regard to any of the limitations described above.

Regulation S

Regulation S under the Securities Act provides that shares owned by any person may be sold without registration in the U.S., provided that the sale is effected in an offshore transaction and no directed selling efforts are made in the U.S. (as these terms are defined in Regulation S), subject to certain other conditions. In general, this means that our shares of common stock may be sold in some other manner outside the United States without requiring registration in the United States.

Rule 701

In general, under Rule 701 as currently in effect, any of our employees, directors, officers, consultants or advisors who acquired common stock from us in connection with a written compensatory stock or option plan or other written agreement, in compliance with Rule 701 under the Securities Act, before the effective date of the Merger (to the extent such common stock is not subject to a lock-up agreement) is entitled to rely on Rule 701 to resell such shares beginning 90 days after we become subject to the public company reporting requirements of the Exchange Act in reliance on Rule 144, but without compliance with the holding period requirements contained in Rule 144. Accordingly, subject to any applicable lock-up agreements, beginning 90 days after we become subject to the public company reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, under Rule 701 persons who are not our “affiliates,” as defined in Rule 144, may resell those shares without complying with the minimum holding period or public information requirements of Rule 144, and persons who are our “affiliates” may resell those shares without compliance with Rule 144’s minimum holding period requirements (subject to the terms of the lock-up agreements described above, if applicable).

Stock Plans

We intend to file with the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock that are outstanding or reserved for issuance under the Augmedix Plan and 2020 Plan. Such registration statement is expected to be filed and become effective as soon as practicable after the consummation of the Merger and the registration of our shares of common stock with the SEC pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-8. Accordingly, shares registered under such registration statement will be available for sale in the open market following its effective date, subject to Rule 144 volume limitations and the lock-up agreements described above, if applicable.

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

The following description summarizes the most important terms of our capital stock following the Merger and Offering. Because it is only a summary, it does not contain all the information that may be important to you. For a complete description, you should refer to our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws, which are included as exhibits hereto, and to the applicable provisions of Delaware law.

We have authorized capital stock consisting of 500,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Except as otherwise provided in the certificate of designation of any series of preferred stock we may issue, the number of authorized shares of common stock or preferred stock may from time to time be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares of such class outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of our capital stock.

As of the date of this Report, we had 26,096,986 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, and no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding. Unless stated otherwise, the following discussion summarizes the term and provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation and our restated bylaws.

Common Stock

Dividend Rights

Subject to preferences that may apply to any shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of funds legally available if our board of directors, in its discretion, determines to issue dividends and then only at the times and in the amounts that our board of directors may determine.

Voting Rights

Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. We have not provided for cumulative voting for the election of directors in our restated certificate of incorporation. Accordingly, holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock will be able to elect all of our directors. Our restated certificate of incorporation establishes a classified board of directors, to be divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. Only one class of directors will be elected at each annual meeting of our stockholders, with the other classes continuing for the remainder of their respective three-year terms.

No Preemptive or Similar Rights

Our common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights, and is not subject to redemption or sinking fund provisions.

Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions

Upon our liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up, the assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders would be distributable ratably among the holders of our common stock and any participating redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding at that time, subject to prior satisfaction of all outstanding debt and liabilities and the preferential rights of and the payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock.

Preferred Stock

Our board of directors will be authorized, subject to limitations prescribed by Delaware law, to issue preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each series, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences, and rights of the shares of each series and any of its qualifications, limitations, or restrictions, in each case without further vote or action by our stockholders. Our board of directors can also increase or decrease the number of shares of any series of preferred stock, but not below the number of shares of that series then outstanding, without any further vote or action by our stockholders. Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in our control and might adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of our common stock. We have no current plan to issue any shares of preferred stock.

Stock Options

As of the Effective Time, we had outstanding stock options to purchase an aggregate of 0 shares of our common stock, with a weighted-average exercise price of $0 per share under the 2020 Plan.

Stock Appreciation Rights

As of the Effective Time, we had outstanding stock appreciation rights to purchase an aggregate of 0 shares of our common stock, with a weighted-average exercise price of $0 per share under the 2020 Plan.

Warrants

As of the Effective Time, we had outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,773,420 shares of our common stock, with a weighted-average exercise price of $2.90 per share.

Registration Rights Agreement

In connection with the Merger and the Offering, we have entered into the Registration Rights Agreement, pursuant to which we have agreed that promptly, but no later than 60 calendar days from the final closing of the Offering, we will file, subject to customary exceptions, the Registration Statement, covering the Registrable Shares. We will use our commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that such Registration Statement is declared effective within 150 calendar days after the final closing of the Offering.

Subject to customary exceptions, if any Registration Event occurs, we will make payments to each holder of Registrable Shares as monetary penalties at a rate equal to 12% per annum of the total value of Registrable Shares held or purchased by such holder and affected during the period, based on the Offering Price; provided that the maximum amount of monetary penalties paid by us will not exceed 5% of such total value. No monetary penalties will accrue with respect to (1) any Registrable Shares removed from the Registration Statement in response to a Cutback Comment, (2) any Registrable Shares that may be resold without manner of sale restrictions, current information requirements, volume limitations or other limitations under Rule 144 or another exemption from registration under the Securities Act, (3) any Registrable Shares excluded from a Registration Statement because a holder fails to provide information concerning the holder and the manner of distribution of the holder’s Registrable Shares that is required by SEC rules to be disclosed, and (4) any circumstance in which the SEC does not declare the Registration Statement effective on or before 150 days after the final closing of the Offering, and the reason for the SEC’s determination is that (a) the offering of any of the Registrable Shares constitutes a primary offering of securities by the Company, (b) Rule 415 of the Securities Act may not be relied upon for the registration of the resale of any or all of the Registrable Shares, and/or (c) a holder of any Registrable Shares must be named as an underwriter and such holder does not consent to be so named in the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the previous sentence, if the SEC does not declare the Registration Statement effective before the Registration Effectiveness Date, in certain circumstances we may still be liable for liquidated damages if we do not continue to use our commercially reasonable efforts at the first opportunity that is permitted by the SEC to register for resale all such Registrable Securities, using one or more registration statements that we are then entitled to use. Any cutback resulting from a Cutback Comment shall be allocated to the Registrable Shares pro rata based on the total number of such shares held by or issuable to each holder thereof.

We must use commercially reasonable efforts to keep the Registration Statement effective for three years from the date it is declared effective by the SEC or until the date on which all Registrable Shares have been transferred other than to certain enumerated permitted assignees under the Registration Rights Agreement.

We will pay all expenses in connection with the registration obligations provided in the Registration Rights Agreement, including, without limitation, all registration, filing, and stock exchange fees, printing expenses, all fees and expenses of complying with applicable securities laws, the fees and disbursements of our counsel and of our independent accountants, and the reasonable fees and disbursements of a single counsel to the holders of the Registrable Securities, not to exceed $35,000. Each holder will be responsible for its own sales commissions, if any, transfer taxes and the expenses of any other attorney or advisor such holder decides to employ.

All descriptions of the Registration Rights Agreement herein are qualified in their entirety by reference to the text thereof filed as Exhibit 10.8 hereto and incorporated herein by reference.

Anti-Takeover Provisions

The provisions of the DGCL, our restated certificate of incorporation, and our restated bylaws following the Offering could have the effect of delaying, deferring, or discouraging another person from acquiring control of our Company. These provisions, which are summarized below, are expected to discourage certain types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and encourage persons seeking to acquire control of our Company to first negotiate with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with an unfriendly or unsolicited acquirer outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging a proposal to acquire us because negotiation of these proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.

Section 203 of the DGCL

We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL regulating corporate takeovers. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a three-year period following the time that this stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. Under Section 203, a business combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder is prohibited unless it satisfies one of the following conditions:

Section 203 defines a business combination to include:

In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by the entity or person.

Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Restated Bylaw Provisions

Our restated certificate of incorporation and our restated bylaws will include a number of provisions that may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers, or delaying or preventing changes in control of our management team or changes in our board of directors or our governance or policy, including the following:

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock will be VStock Transfer, LLC. The transfer agent’s address is 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, NY 11598, and its telephone number is (212) 828-8436.

Exchange Listing

OUR COMMON STOCK IS CURRENTLY NOT LISTED ON A NATIONAL SECURITIES EXCHANGE OR ANY OTHER EXCHANGE, OR QUOTED ON AN OVER-THE-COUNTER MARKET. FOLLOWING COMPLETION OF THE OFFERING, WE INTEND TO CAUSE OUR COMMON STOCK TO BE QUOTED ON THE OTC MARKETS QB TIER AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE FOLLOWING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT. HOWEVER, WE CANNOT ASSURE YOU THAT WE WILL BE ABLE TO DO SO AND, EVEN IF WE DO SO, THERE CAN BE NO ASSURANCE THAT OUR COMMON STOCK WILL CONTINUE TO BE QUOTED ON THE OTC MARKETS OR QUOTED OR LISTED ON ANY OTHER MARKET OR EXCHANGE, OR THAT AN ACTIVE TRADING MARKET FOR OUR COMMON STOCK WILL DEVELOP OR CONTINUE.

SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

Prior to the Merger, there has no public market for our common stock. Future sales of our common stock, including shares issued upon the exercise of options or warrants that we may issue, in the public market after the Merger, or the perception that those sales may occur, could cause the prevailing price for our common stock to fall or impair our ability to raise equity capital in the future. As described below, only a limited number of shares of our common stock will be available for sale in the public market for a period of several months after consummation of the Merger due to contractual and legal restrictions on resale described below. Future sales of our common stock in the public market either before (to the extent permitted) or after restrictions lapse, or the perception that those sales may occur, could adversely affect the prevailing price of our common stock at such time and our ability to raise equity capital at a time and price we deem appropriate.

Upon the completion of the initial closing of the Offering, we had 26,096,986 shares of common stock outstanding, of which our directors and executive officers beneficially own an aggregate of 20,658,518 shares. Of those outstanding shares, no shares of common stock are freely tradable, without restriction, as of the date of this Report. No shares issued in connection with the Merger or the Offering can be publicly sold under Rule 144 under the Securities Act until 12 months after the date of filing this Report.

Rule 144

Pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, sales of the securities of a former shell company, such as us, under that rule are not permitted (i) until at least 12 months have elapsed from the date on which this Report, reflecting our status as a non-shell company, is filed with the SEC and (ii) unless at the time of a proposed sale, we are subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and have filed all reports and other materials required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as applicable, during the preceding 12 months, other than current reports on Form 8-K. We intend to register such shares for sale under the Securities Act, but are currently a “voluntary filer” and are not subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. As a result, unless we register such shares for sale under the Securities Act, most of our stockholders will be forced to hold their shares of our common stock for at least that 12-month period before they are eligible to sell those shares, and even after that 12-month period, sales may not be made under Rule 144 unless we and the selling stockholders are in compliance with other requirements of Rule 144.

IN GENERAL, RULE 144 PROVIDES THAT (I) ANY OF OUR NON-AFFILIATES THAT HAS HELD RESTRICTED COMMON STOCK FOR AT LEAST 12 MONTHS IS THEREAFTER ENTITLED TO SELL ITS RESTRICTED STOCK FREELY AND WITHOUT RESTRICTION, PROVIDED THAT WE REMAIN COMPLIANT AND CURRENT WITH OUR SEC REPORTING OBLIGATIONS, AND (II) ANY OF OUR AFFILIATES, WHICH INCLUDES OUR DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND OTHER PERSON IN CONTROL OF U.S., THAT HAS HELD RESTRICTED COMMON STOCK FOR AT LEAST 12 MONTHS IS THEREAFTER ENTITLED TO SELL ITS RESTRICTED STOCK SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING RESTRICTIONS: (A) WE ARE COMPLIANT AND CURRENT WITH OUR SEC REPORTING OBLIGATIONS, (B) CERTAIN MANNER OF SALE PROVISIONS ARE SATISFIED, (C) A FORM 144 IS FILED WITH THE SEC, AND (D) CERTAIN VOLUME LIMITATIONS ARE SATISFIED, WHICH LIMIT THE SALE OF SHARES WITHIN ANY THREE-MONTH PERIOD TO A NUMBER OF SHARES THAT DOES NOT EXCEED 1% OF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF OUTSTANDING SHARES OR, IF OUR COMMON STOCK IS THEN LISTED OR QUOTED FOR TRADING ON A NATIONAL SECURITIES EXCHANGE, THEN THE GREATER OF 1% OF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF OUTSTANDING SHARES AND THE AVERAGE WEEKLY TRADING VOLUME OF OUR COMMON STOCK DURING THE FOUR CALENDAR WEEKS PRECEDING THE FILING OF THE FORM 144 WITH RESPECT TO THE SALE. A PERSON WHO HAS CEASED TO BE AN AFFILIATE AT LEAST THREE MONTHS IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING THE SALE AND WHO HAS OWNED SUCH SHARES OF COMMON STOCK FOR AT LEAST ONE YEAR IS ENTITLED TO SELL THE SHARES UNDER RULE 144 WITHOUT REGARD TO ANY OF THE LIMITATIONS DESCRIBED ABOVE.

Rule 701

IN GENERAL, UNDER RULE 701 AS CURRENTLY IN EFFECT, ANY OF OUR EMPLOYEES, DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, CONSULTANTS OR ADVISORS WHO ACQUIRED COMMON STOCK FROM US IN CONNECTION WITH A WRITTEN COMPENSATORY STOCK OR OPTION PLAN OR OTHER WRITTEN AGREEMENT, IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 701 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, BEFORE THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THE MERGER (TO THE EXTENT SUCH COMMON STOCK IS NOT SUBJECT TO A LOCK-UP AGREEMENT) IS ENTITLED TO RELY ON RULE 701 TO RESELL SUCH SHARES BEGINNING 90 DAYS AFTER WE BECOME SUBJECT TO THE PUBLIC COMPANY REPORTING REQUIREMENTS OF THE EXCHANGE ACT IN RELIANCE ON RULE 144, BUT WITHOUT COMPLIANCE WITH THE HOLDING PERIOD REQUIREMENTS CONTAINED IN RULE 144. ACCORDINGLY, SUBJECT TO ANY APPLICABLE LOCK-UP AGREEMENTS, BEGINNING 90 DAYS AFTER WE BECOME SUBJECT TO THE PUBLIC COMPANY REPORTING REQUIREMENTS OF THE EXCHANGE ACT, UNDER RULE 701 PERSONS WHO ARE NOT OUR “AFFILIATES,” AS DEFINED IN RULE 144, MAY RESELL THOSE SHARES WITHOUT COMPLYING WITH THE MINIMUM HOLDING PERIOD OR PUBLIC INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS OF RULE 144, AND PERSONS WHO ARE OUR “AFFILIATES” MAY RESELL THOSE SHARES WITHOUT COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144’S MINIMUM HOLDING PERIOD REQUIREMENTS (SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF THE LOCK-UP AGREEMENTS DESCRIBED ABOVE, IF APPLICABLE).

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm business.

We are currently not aware of any pending legal proceedings to which we are a party or of which any of our property is the subject, nor are we aware of any such proceedings that are contemplated by any governmental authority.

ITEM 3.02 UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

The Offering

The information regarding the Offering set forth in Item 2.01, “Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets—The Merger—The Offering” and “Description of Capital Stock” is incorporated herein by reference.

On October 5, 2020, in connection with the Offering, we issued an aggregate of 8,472,186 shares of common stock at a price of $3.00 per share for aggregate gross consideration of approximately $25.4 million to 34 accredited investors. These transactions were exempt from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as not involving any public offering or Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

Securities Issued in Connection with the Merger

On October 5, 2020, pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, 6,376,169 shares of Augmedix’s Series A convertible preferred stock, 12,752,341 shares of Augmedix’s Series A-1 convertible preferred stock, and 16,067,648 shares of Augmedix’s Series B convertible preferred stock were converted into an aggregate of 14,812,796 shares of our common stock. These transactions were exempt from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as not involving any public offering or Regulation D promulgated thereunder. None of the securities were sold through an underwriter and, accordingly, there were no underwriting discounts or commissions involved.

Sales of Unregistered Securities of Augmedix

The following list sets forth information as to all securities Augmedix sold from January 1, 2017 through immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger, which were not registered under the Securities Act. The following description is historical and has not been adjusted to give effect to the Merger.

ITEM 3.03 MATERIAL MODIFICATION TO RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS.

The information contained in Item 5.03, “Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in fiscal year” is incorporated herein by reference.