Exhibit 3.1

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED
BY-LAWS
OF
CORMEDIX INC.

AS AMENDED OCTOBER 8, 2020

ARTICLE I

STOCKHOLDERS

Section 1.1 Annual Meetings. An annual meeting of stockholders to elect directors and transact such other business as may properly be presented to the meeting shall be held at such time and at such place, within or without the State of Delaware, as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may determine that an annual meeting shall not be held at any place, but shall instead be held solely by means of remote communication.

Section 1.2 Special Meetings. A special meeting of stockholders may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board (the “Chairman”), the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board of Directors and shall be called by any of them or by the Secretary upon receipt of a written request to do so specifying the matter or matters, appropriate for action at such a meeting, proposed to be presented at the meeting and signed by holders of shares representing at least 15% of the shares of stock that would be entitled to be voted on such matter or matters if the meeting were held on the day such request is received and the record date for such meeting were the close of business on the preceding day. Any such meeting shall be held at such time and at such place, within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be determined by the body or person calling such meeting and as shall be stated in the notice of such meeting.

Section 1.3 Notice of Meeting. For each meeting of stockholders, written notice shall be given stating the place, date and hour and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called and, if the list of stockholders required by Section 1.9 is not to be at such place at least 10 days prior to the meeting, the place where such list will be. Except as otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), the written notice of any meeting shall be given not less than 10 or more than 60 days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. If mailed, notice shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation.

Section 1.4 Quorum. Except as otherwise required by the DGCL or the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as may be amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), the holders of record of a majority of the shares of stock entitled to be voted present in person or represented by proxy at a meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the meeting, but in the absence of a quorum the holders of record present or represented by proxy at such meeting may vote to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is obtained. At any such adjourned session of the meeting at which there shall be present or represented the holders of record of the requisite number of shares, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called.

Section 1.5 Chairman and Secretary at Meeting. At each meeting of stockholders the Chairman, or in his absence or should the Chairman so direct, the President, or in the absence of the Chairman and the President, then a person designated by the Board of Directors, shall preside as chairman of the meeting. If no person is so designated, then the meeting shall choose a chairman by plurality vote. The Secretary, or in his absence a person designated by the chairman of the meeting, shall act as secretary of the meeting.

Section 1.6 Voting; Proxies. Except as otherwise provided by the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation and subject to the provisions of Section 1.10:

(a) Each stockholder shall at every meeting of the stockholders be entitled to one vote for each share of capital stock held by him.

(b) Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period.

(c) Directors shall be elected by a plurality vote.

(d) Each matter, other than election of directors, properly presented to any meeting shall be decided by a majority of the votes cast on the matter.

(e) Election of directors and the vote on any other matter presented to a meeting shall be by written ballot only if so ordered by the chairman of the meeting or if so requested by any stockholder present or represented by proxy at the meeting entitled to vote in such election or on such matter, as the case may be.

Section 1.7 Adjourned Meetings. A meeting of stockholders may be adjourned to another time or place as provided in Section 1.4. Unless the Board of Directors fixes a new record date, stockholders of record for an adjourned meeting shall be as originally determined for the meeting from which the adjournment was taken. If the adjournment is for more than 30 days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote. At the adjourned meeting any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called.

Section 1.8 Consent of Stockholders in Lieu of Meeting. Except as may otherwise be provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any action that may be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Notice of the taking of such action shall be given promptly to each stockholder that would have been entitled to vote thereon at a meeting of stockholders and that did not consent thereto in writing.

Section 1.9 List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote. At least 10 days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder, shall be prepared and shall be open to the examination of any stockholder for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting, at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held. Such list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.

Section 1.10 Fixing of Record Date. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than 60 or less than 10 days before the date of such meeting, nor more than 60 days prior to any other action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held; the record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is necessary, shall be the day on which the first written consent is expressed; and the record date for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

Section 1.11 Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations.

(a) Annual Meetings of Stockholders.

(i) Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation and the proposal of business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders (A) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting, (B) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (C) by any stockholder of the Corporation who was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 1.11, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 1.11.

(ii) For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (C) of paragraph (a)(i) of this Section 1.11, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation and such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. Such stockholder’s notice shall set forth (A) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations thereunder (including such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); (B) as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made; and (C) as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made, (1) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, and of such beneficial owner, and (2) the class and number of shares of the Corporation that are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner.

Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of paragraph (a)(ii) of this Section 1.11 to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the Corporation is increased and there is no public announcement by the Corporation naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors at least 70 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 1.11 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.

(b) Special Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) provided that the Board of Directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of the Corporation’s notice of meeting, who shall be entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 1.11. In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors, any such stockholder who shall be entitled to vote at the meeting may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be), for election to such position(s) as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice required by paragraph (a) (ii) of this Section 1.11 shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such special meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of a special meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

(c) General.

(i) Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.11 shall be eligible to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.11. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Amended and Restated By-Laws (the “By-Laws”), the chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.11 and, if any proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with this Section 1.11, to declare that such defective proposal or nomination shall be disregarded.

(ii) For purposes of this Section 1.11, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15 (d) of the Exchange Act.

(iii) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1.11, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 1.11. Nothing in this Section 1.11 shall be deemed to affect any rights (A) of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act or (B) of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect directors under specified circumstances.

ARTICLE II
DIRECTORS

Section 2.1 Number; Term of Office; Qualifications; Vacancies. The number of directors that shall constitute the Whole Board (as defined below) shall be not less than five, nor more than nine, the exact number within said limits to be fixed from time to time by action of the Board of Directors. Directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders to hold office, subject to Sections 2.2 and 2.3, until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their respective successors are elected and qualify. Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by the sole remaining director, and the directors so chosen shall hold office, subject to Sections 2.2 and 2.3, until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their respective successors are duly elected and qualify. The “Whole Board” shall mean the total number of directors that the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies.

Section 2.2 Resignation. Any director of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice of such resignation to the Board of Directors, the President or the Secretary of the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if no time be specified, upon receipt thereof by the Board of Directors or one of the above-named officers, and unless specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. When one or more directors shall resign from the Board of Directors effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office as provided in the By-Laws in the filling of other vacancies.

Section 2.3 Removal. Except for the directors elected pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of a certificate of designation filed under the DGCL, whose removal is governed thereby, any one or more directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors.

Section 2.4 Regular and Annual Meetings; Notice. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such time and at such place, within or without the State of Delaware, as may be designated by the Board of Directors. No notice need be given of any regular meeting, and a notice, if given, need not specify the purposes thereof. A meeting of the Board of Directors may be held without notice immediately after an annual meeting of stockholders at the same place as that at which such annual meeting was held.

Section 2.5 Special Meetings; Notice. A special meeting of the Board of Directors may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer. Any such meeting shall be held at such time and at such place, within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be determined by the body or person calling such meeting. Notice of such meeting stating the time and place and principal purpose or purposes thereof shall be given (a) by deposit of notice in the United States mail, first class, postage prepaid, at least two days before the day fixed for the meeting addressed to each director at his address as it appears on the Corporation’s records or at such other address as the director may have furnished the Corporation for that purpose, or (b) by delivery of the notice by electronic transmission, telephone or in person, in each case at least 24 hours before the time fixed for the meeting. The notice need not specify the purpose or the place of the meeting, if the meeting is to be held at the principal executive office of the Corporation. Notice may be delivered by any person entitled to call a special meeting or by an agent of such person.

Section 2.6 Chairman of the Board; Presiding Officer and Secretary at Meetings. The Board of Directors may elect one of its members to serve at its pleasure as the Chairman. Each meeting of the Board of Directors shall be presided over by the Chairman or in his absence or should the Chairman so direct, by the President or the Chief Executive Officer, if a director, or if neither is present, by such member of the Board of Directors as shall be chosen at the meeting. The Secretary, or in his absence an Assistant Secretary, shall act as secretary of the meeting, or if no such officer is present, a secretary of the meeting shall be designated by the person presiding over the meeting.

Section 2.7 Quorum. A majority of the Whole Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but in the absence of a quorum a majority of those present (or if only one be present, then that one) may adjourn the meeting, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until such time as a quorum is present. Except as otherwise required by the Certificate of Incorporation or the By-Laws, the vote of the majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors.

Section 2.8 Meeting by Telephone. Members of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may participate in meetings of the Board of Directors or of such committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

Section 2.9 Action Without Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or of such committee.

Section 2.10 Committees.

(a) The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the Whole Board, designate one or more committees, each such committee, except as otherwise required by applicable law, to consist of one or more directors as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. Any such committee, to the extent provided in such resolution or resolutions or in the By-Laws and not inconsistent with Section 141(c)(2) of the DGCL, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, including the power to authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it; and unless the resolution or resolutions shall expressly so provide, no such committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend or to authorize the issuance of stock. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such committee member or members or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Each such committee shall have such name as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors.

(b) Unless the Board of Directors otherwise provides, each committee designated by the Board of Directors may adopt, amend and repeal rules for the conduct of its business. In the absence of a provision by the Board of Directors or a provision in the rules of such committee to the contrary, a majority of the entire authorized number of members of such committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, the vote of a majority of the members present at a meeting at the time of such vote if a quorum is then present shall be the act of such committee, and in other respects each committee shall conduct its business in the same manner as the Board of Directors conducts its business pursuant to Article II of the By-Laws.

Section 2.11 Compensation. No director shall receive any stated salary for his services as a director or as a member of a committee but shall receive such sum, if any, as may from time to time be fixed by the action of the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE III
OFFICERS

Section 3.1 Election; Qualification. The officers of the Corporation shall be a Chairman of the Board, a President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, a Secretary and a Treasurer, each of whom shall be selected by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may select a Chief Operating Officer, a Controller, one or more Assistant Vice Presidents, one or more Assistant Secretaries, one or more Assistant Treasurers, one or more Assistant Controllers and such other officers as it may from time to time determine. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.

Section 3.2 Term of Office. Each officer shall hold office from the time of his election and qualification to the time at which his successor is elected and qualified, unless he shall die or resign or shall be removed pursuant to Section 3.4 at any time sooner.

Section 3.3 Resignation. Any officer of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice of such resignation to the Chairman, the President or the Secretary of the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if no time be specified, upon receipt thereof by the Board of Directors or one of the above-named officers; and, unless specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

Section 3.4 Removal. Any officer may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the vote of a majority of the Board of Directors.

Section 3.5 Vacancies. Any vacancy however caused in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board of Directors.

Section 3.6 Compensation. Unless otherwise provided by resolution passed by a majority of the Whole Board, and subject to the requirements of any national securities exchange or automated quotation system on which the stock of the Corporation is listed, the salaries of all officers elected by the Board of Directors shall be fixed by the Board of Directors.

Section 3.7 Chairman of the Board. The Chairman shall be the chairman of all meetings of the Board of Directors, or in the absence or in case there shall be no Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer shall be the chairman of all meetings of the Board of Directors.

Section 3.8 President. The President, if so designated by the Board of Directors, shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and shall have general charge of the business and affairs of the Corporation, subject however to the right of the Board of Directors to confer specified powers on officers and subject to the control of the Board of Directors. If not designated by the Board of Directors as Chief Executive Officer, the President shall be the Chief Operating Officer of the Corporation and shall have general charge of the day-to-day operations of the business and affairs of the Corporation, subject however to the right of the Board of Directors to confer specified powers on officers and subject to the control of the Board of Directors. The Chief Executive Officer shall keep the Board of Directors appropriately informed regarding the business and affairs of the Corporation.

Section 3.9 Executive and Senior Vice Presidents. One or more Executive or Senior Vice Presidents shall, subject to the control of the Chief Executive Officer or the President, have lead accountability for components or functions of the Corporation as and to the extent designated by the Chief Executive Officer or the President. Each Executive or Senior Vice President shall keep the Chief Executive Officer or the President to whom he or she reports appropriately informed on the business and affairs of the designated components or functions of the Corporation.

Section 3.10 Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have charge of and be responsible for the receipt, disbursement and safekeeping of all funds and securities of the Corporation. The Treasurer shall deposit all such funds in the name of the Corporation in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as shall be selected in accordance with the provisions of the By-Laws. From time to time and whenever requested to do so, the Treasurer shall render statements of the condition of the finances of the Corporation to the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall perform all the duties incident to the office of Treasurer and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her.

Section 3.11 Vice President. Each Vice President shall have such powers and duties as generally pertain to the office of Vice President and as the Board of Directors or the President may from time to time prescribe. During the absence of the President or his inability to act, the Vice President, or if there shall be more than one Vice President, then that one designated by the Board of Directors, shall exercise the powers and shall perform the duties of the President, subject to the direction of the Board of Directors.

Section 3.12 Secretary. The Secretary shall keep the minutes of all meetings of stockholders and of the Board of Directors. He shall be custodian of the corporate seal and shall affix it or cause it to be affixed to such instruments as require such seal and attest the same and shall exercise the powers and shall perform the duties incident to the office of Secretary, subject to the direction of the Board of Directors.

Section 3.13 Other Officers. Each other officer of the Corporation shall exercise the powers and shall perform the duties incident to his office, subject to the direction of the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE IV

CAPITAL STOCK

Section 4.1 Stock Certificates. The stock of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, except that the Board of Directors of the Corporation may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Corporation (or the transfer agent or registrar, as the case may be). Any certificates representing shares of stock shall be in such form as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe. Each certificate shall be signed by or in the name of the Corporation by the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary. Any of or all the signatures appearing on such certificate or certificates may be a facsimile. If any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

Section 4.2 Transfer of Stock. Shares of stock shall be transferable on the books of the Corporation pursuant to applicable law and such rules and regulations as the Board of Directors shall from time to time prescribe.

Section 4.3 Holders of Record. Prior to due presentment for registration of transfer the Corporation may treat the holder of record of a share of its stock as the complete owner thereof exclusively entitled to vote, to receive notifications and otherwise entitled to all the rights and powers of a complete owner thereof, notwithstanding notice to the contrary.

Section 4.4 Lost, Stolen, Destroyed or Mutilated Certificates. The Corporation shall issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares to replace a certificate theretofore issued by it alleged to have been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, if the owner or his legal representative (a) requests replacement, before the Corporation has notice that the stock certificate has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser; (b) files with the Corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss or destruction of any such stock certificate or the issuance of any such new stock certificate or uncertificated shares; and (c) satisfies such other terms and conditions as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.

ARTICLE V

MISCELLANEOUS

Section 5.1 Indemnity. (a) The Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any person who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “Proceeding”) by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, nonprofit entity, or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) reasonably incurred by such person. The Corporation shall be required to indemnify a person in connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if the Proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

(b) Expenses incurred by a director, officer, employee or agent in defending a Proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding as authorized by the Board of Directors upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Section 5.1.

(c) The right conferred on any person by this Section 5.1 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.

(d) The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or who is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this Section.

(e) The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to this Section shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

(f) For the purposes of this Section, references to “the Corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Section with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.

Section 5.2 Waiver of Notice. Whenever notice is required by the Certificate of Incorporation, the By-Laws or any provision of the DGCL, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time required for such notice, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders, directors or members of a committee of directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice.

Section 5.3 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall start on such date as the Board of Directors shall from time to time prescribe.

Section 5.4 Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall be in such form as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe, and the same may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced.

ARTICLE VI

AMENDMENT OF BY-LAWS

Section 6.1 Amendment. The By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed by the stockholders or by the Board of Directors by a majority vote.

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