As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on July 1, 2021

Registration No. 333-232378

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

AMENDMENT NO. 3

TO

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Nevada   2870   90-1137640
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

  

2498 Wanfeng Highway, Lane 181

Fengjing Town, Jinshan District

Shanghai, China 201501

(86) 21-67355092

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

Vcorp Services, LLC

25 Robert Pitt Drive, Suite 204
Phone: (845) 425-0077

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

Copies to:

 

William S. Rosenstadt, Esq.

Mengyi “Jason” Ye, Esq.

Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP

366 Madison Avenue, 3rd Floor

New York, NY 10017

+1-212-588-0022 - telephone

+1-212-826-9307 - facsimile

 

 

Fang Liu Esq.

VCL Law LLP

1945 Old Gallows Road, Suite 630

Vienna, VA 22182

+1-703-919-7285 — telephone

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

 

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box: ☒

 

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer ☐   Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐   Smaller reporting company ☒
    Emerging growth company ☒

 

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐ 

 

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

Title of Class of Securities to be Registered   Amount
Being
Registered
    Proposed
Maximum

Offering Price per
Security(1)
    Proposed
Aggregate
Offering
Price(1)
    Amount of
Registration
Fee
 
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share(2)     11,500,000       4.00     $ 46,000,000     $ 5,018.60  
Underwriter Warrants(3)                            
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share underlying Underwriter Warrants     1,150,000       4.80     $ 5,520,000       602.23  
Total                   $ 51,520,000     $ 5,620.83 (4)

 

(1) The registration fee for securities is based on an estimate of the Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price of the securities, assuming the sale of the maximum number of shares at the highest expected offering price, and such estimate is solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o). Includes the offering price attributable to additional shares that the underwriter has the option to purchase to cover over-allotments, if any.

 

(2)

In accordance with Rule 416(a), the Registrant is also registering an indeterminate number of additional common stocks that shall be issuable pursuant to Rule 416 to prevent dilution resulting from share splits, share dividends or similar transactions.

   
(3)

The Registrant will issue to the Underwriter warrants to purchase a number of common stocks equal to an aggregate of ten percent (10%) of the common stocks (the “Underwriter Warrant”) sold in the offering. The exercise price of the Underwriter Warrants is equal to 120% of the offering price of the common stocks offered hereby. The Underwriter’s Warrants are exercisable commencing six months from the closing date of the offering at any time, and from time to time, in whole or in part, for a period of five years from the effective date of the registration statement.

 

(4) Previously paid.

 

The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

 

 

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS   SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 1, 2021

 

 

  

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC.

 

11,500,000 Shares of Common Stock

 

Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. is offering up to an aggregate of 11,150,000 shares of our common stock. The offering is being made on a “firm commitment” basis by the underwriter. See “Underwriting.” Prior to this offering, our stock is currently quoted on the OTC Markets (“OTC”) under the symbol “MULG”, however, there has been no established public trading market for our common stock. We expect the offering price of our common stock to be $4.00 per share. We have applied to list our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “MULG”. We cannot assure you that our application will be approved.

 

    Per Common
Stock
    Total
Without
Over-Allotment
Option(1)
    Total
With Full
Over-Allotment
Option
 
Assumed public offering price(2)   $ 4.00     $ 40,000,000     $ 46,000,000  
Underwriter fees and commissions(2)(3)   $ 0.32     $ 3,200,000     $ 3,680,000  
Proceeds to us, before expenses(4)   $ 3.68     $ 36,800,000     $ 42,320,000  

 

(1) Assumes that the Underwriter does not exercise any portion of their over-allotment option.  
(2) The public offering price and underwriting discount in respect of each warrant corresponds to a public offering price per share of US $4.00.  
(3) Under the underwriting agreement, upon the closing of the IPO, we will pay Boustead Securities, LLC (the “Underwriter”) a commission equal to six and a half percent (6.5%) of the gross amount to be disbursed to the Company from Offering as well as warrants equal to ten percent (10%) of the gross amount to be disbursed to the Company from the Offering (“Underwriter Warrants”). The Underwriter Warrants shall be exercisable at any time, and from time to time, in whole or in part, during the period commencing 180 days from the effective date of the offering, which period shall not extend further than five years from the issuance date in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(A). The Underwriter Warrants are exercisable at a per share price of $4.80, which is 120% of the offering price. The Underwriter shall also be entitled to a corporate finance fee equal to one and a half percent (1.5%) of the gross proceeds of the Offering (including proceeds from the sale of the Over-allotment shares) (the “Non-accountable Expense Allowance”). In addition to the Non-accountable Expense Allowance, the Underwriter will also receive an accountable expense of up to $95,000, including but not limited to (a) reasonable fees of legal counsel incurred by the Underwriter in connection with the offering; (b) Due diligence and other expenses incurred prior to completion of the IPO (the “Due Diligence Fee”), (c) Road show, travel, platform on-boarding fees, and other reasonable out-of-pocket accountable expenses (“Out-Of-Pocket Expenses”), and (d) background checks on the Company’s officers, directors and major shareholders (“Background Check Fees”). See “underwriting” in this prospectus for more information regarding our arrangements with the underwriter. The table sets out the maximum possible underwriting fees and commissions. 
(4) The total estimated expenses related to this offering are set forth in the section entitled “Expenses Relating to This Offering”.

 

We expect our total cash expenses for this offering to be approximately $577,000, including cash expenses payable to the Underwriter for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, exclusive of the above commissions. The underwriter has agreed to purchase the common stocks from us on a firm commitment basis. The underwriter has an option exercisable within 45 days after the closing of the offering, to acquire up to an additional 15% of the total number of securities to be offered by us in the offering, solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments. The offering will be coordinated with, and conditioned upon (i) completion of satisfactory due diligence by the Underwriter; (ii) an effective registration statement; and (iii) an underwriting agreement and any other ancillary documents completed by the forgoing or deemed necessary for the underwriter. One of the conditions to our obligation to sell any securities through the Underwriter is that, upon the closing of the offering, the common stocks would qualify for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

 

If we complete this offering, net proceeds will be delivered to us on the closing date. If we complete this offering, then on the closing date, we will issue to the Underwriter warrant to purchase the number of common stocks in the aggregate equal to 10% of the common shares sold at the Closing. The warrants shall carry a term of five (5) years from the effective date of the registration statement, shall not be exercisable for a period of six months from the closing of the offering and shall be exercisable on a cash-less basis at a price equal to the offering price in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1)(A). The warrants are exercisable at a per share price equal to 120% of the public offering price per share in the offering and may also be exercisable on a cashless basis. See “Underwriting” on page 70.

 

INVESTING IN OUR COMMON STOCK INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. SEE “RISK FACTORS” BEGINNING ON PAGE 6 TO READ ABOUT FACTORS YOU SHOULD CONSIDER BEFORE INVESTING IN SHARES OF OUR COMMON STOCK.

 

NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMITTEE NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR DETERMINED IF THIS PROSPECTUS IS TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.

 

 

The date of this prospectus is          , 2021

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page
Prospectus Summary 1
Risk Factors 6
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements 27
Use of Proceeds 27
Dividend Policy 28
Capitalization 28
Dilution 29
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 30
Business 43
Management 62
Executive Compensation 66
Principal Shareholders 68
Related Party Transactions 69
Description of Securities 70
Market Price and Dividend on Our Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters 72
Shares Eligible for Future Sale 73
Underwriting 75
Legal Matters 80
Experts 80
Interests of Named Experts and Counsel 80
Where You Can Find Additional Information 81
Index to Financial Statements F-1

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any related free-writing prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus or in any related free-writing prospectus. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, the shares of common stock offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted and lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the shares of common stock.

 

Neither we nor the underwriter have taken any action that would permit a public offering of the shares of common stock outside the United States or permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus or any related free-writing prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus or any related free-writing prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any restrictions relating to the offering of the shares of common stock and the distribution of the prospectus outside the United States.

 

Until             , 2021 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that buy, sell or trade the shares of common stock, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriter and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

 

i

 

 

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

 

This summary highlights information contained in greater detail elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information you should consider in making your investment decision. You should read the entire prospectus carefully before making an investment in our shares of common stock. You should carefully consider, among other things, our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Prospectus Conventions

 

Except where the context otherwise requires and for purposes of this prospectus only, “we”, “us”, “our company”, “Company”, “our” and “Muliang Viagoo” refer to:

 

Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc., or formerly known as Muliang Agritech, Inc. (“Muliang Viagoo” when individually referenced), a Nevada company;

 

Viagoo Pte Ltd. (“Viagoo” when individually referenced), a Singapore company;

 

Muliang Agricultural Limited (“Muliang HK” when individually referenced), a Hong Kong company that is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Muliang Viagoo;

 

Shanghai Mufeng Investment Consulting Co., Ltd (“Shanghai Mufeng” when individually referenced), (also referred to as 上海牧枫投资咨询有限公司), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Muliang HK and a wholly foreign-owned enterprise (“WFOE”) formed under the laws of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”);

 

Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Muliang” when individually referenced), (also referred to as 上海牧粮实业有限公司), a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and a PRC company that is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shanghai Mufeng;

 

Shanghai Zongbao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Zongbao” when individually referenced), (also referred to as 上海综宝环境工程有限公司), a PRC company that is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shanghai Muliang;

 

Shanghai Muliang Agritech Development Co., Ltd. (“Agritech Development” when individually referenced), (also referred to as 上海牧粮农业科技发展有限公司), a PRC Company that is a 60%-owned subsidiary of Shanghai Muliang;

 

Weihai Fukang Bio-Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (“Fukang” when individually referenced), (also referred to as 威海富康生物肥料有限公司), a PRC Company that is a 99.9%-owned subsidiary of Shanghai Muliang;

 

Shanghai Muliang Agricultural Sales Co., Ltd. (“Muliang Sales” when individually referenced), (also referred to as 上海牧粮农资销售有限公司), a PRC company that is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shanghai Muliang;

 

Zhonglian Huinong (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. (“Zhonglian” when individually referenced), (also referred to as 中联慧农(北京)科技有限公司), a PRC company that is a 65%-owned subsidiary of Shanghai Muliang;

 

Yunnan Muliang Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd. (“Yunnan Muliang” when individually referenced), (also referred to as云南牧粮畜牧发展有限公司), a PRC company that is an 80%-owned subsidiary of Shanghai Muliang; and

 

Shanghai Zongbao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd. Cangzhou Branch (“Zongbao Cangzhou” when individually referenced), (also referred to as上海综宝环境工程有限公司沧州分公司), a PRC company that is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shanghai Zongbao.

 

For the sake of clarity, this prospectus follows the English naming convention of first name followed by last name, regardless of whether an individual’s name is Chinese or English. For example, the name of our Chief Executive Officer will be presented as “Lirong Wang,” even though, in Chinese, Mr. Wang’s name is presented as “Wang Lirong.”

 

We have relied on statistics provided by a variety of publicly-available sources regarding China’s expectations of growth. We did not, directly or indirectly, sponsor or participate in the publication of such materials, and these materials are not incorporated in this prospectus other than to the extent specifically cited in this prospectus. We have sought to provide current information in this prospectus and believe that the statistics provided in this prospectus remain up-to-date and reliable, and these materials are not incorporated in this prospectus other than to the extent specifically cited in this prospectus.

 

1

 

 

Overview

 

We primarily engage in the manufacturing and distribution of organic fertilizer and the sales of agricultural products in the PRC. Our organic fertilizer products are sold under our brand names “Zongbao,” “Fukang,” and “Muliang.”

 

Through our patented technology, we process crop straw (including corn, rice, wheat, cotton, and other crops) into high quality organic nutritious fertilizers that are easily absorbed by crops in three hours. Straws are common agricultural by-products. In PRC, farmers usually remove the straw stubble that remains after grains are harvested, by burning them in order to continue farming on the same land. These activities have resulted in significant air pollution, and they damage the surface structure of the soil with loss of nutrients. We turn waste into treasure by transforming the straws into organic fertilizer, which also effectively reduces air pollution. The straw organic fertilizer we produce does not contain the heavy metals, antibiotics and harmful bacteria that are common in the traditional manure fertilizer. Our fertilizers also provide optimum levels of primary plant nutrients, including multi-minerals, proteins and carbohydrates that promote the healthiest soils capable of growing the healthy crops and vegetables. It can effectively reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as reduce the penetration of large chemical fertilizers and pesticides into the soil, thus avoiding water pollution. Therefore, our fertilizer can effectively improve the fertility of soil, and the quality and safety of agricultural products.

 

We generated our revenue mainly from our organic fertilizers, which accounted for approximately 95.82% and 94.5% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We currently have two integrated factories in Weihai City, Shandong Province, PRC to produce our organic fertilizers, which have been in operation since August 2015. We plan to improve the technology for our existing straw organic fertilizer production lines in the following aspects: (i) adopt more advanced automatic control technology for raw material feed to shorten the processing time of raw material, and (ii) manufacture powdered organic fertilizer instead of granular organic fertilizer production in order to avoid the drying and cooling process, as such will increase our production capacity.

 

With the focus of producing organic fertilizers, we also engage in the business of selling agriculture food products including apples, and as a sales agent for other large agriculture companies in the PRC. In 2014, we rented 350 mu (about 57.66 acres) of mountainous land as an apple orchard. The sales of apples generated less than 1% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. We expect to generate more revenues from the sales of apples as the apple orchards become more mature in the next few years.

 

In addition, we plan to engage in the processing and distribution of black goat products, with business commencing at the end of 2021. We are currently constructing a deep-processing slaughterhouse and processing plant which is expected to have the capacity of slaughtering 200,000 black goats per year in Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, in China. Our black goat processing products including goat rib lets, goat loin roast, goat loin chops, goat rack, goat leg, goat shoulder, goat leg shanks, ground goat, goat stew meat, whole goat, half goat, lamb viscera, etc. We expect to start generating revenue from the black goat products in 2021.

  

Industry and Market Background

 

The straw supply in China is in large quantity, having a wide variety and broad distribution. The annual output of straw is more than 700 million tons, according to the China Industry Information Network’s report on “2017 China Straw Resource Reserves and Utilization Market Overview.” Straw contains more than 3 million tons of nitrogen, more than 700,000 tons of phosphorus and nearly 7 million tons of potassium, equivalent to more than a quarter of China’s current amount in fertilizer use and equivalent to 300 million tons of standard coal. However, nearly 100 million tons of straw are burned directly in the fields every year, which not only seriously damages the beneficial bacteria in the soil surface, but also directly leads to severe air pollution and increases the greenhouse effect. With the significant amount of production of straws in China, so long as part of the straw can be recycled every year, it will bring huge sustainable recycling resources to the fertilizer industry. On November 25, 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Environmental Protection jointly issued a notice, requiring the utilization rate of straw to exceed 85% by 2020.

 

2

 

 

 

Market demand in China for organic fertilizer is significant. According to the National Bureau of Statistics in 2019, the China national sales volume of organic fertilizers in 2018 was 133.42 million tons. According to the current initiative of encouraging less use of chemical fertilizer, improving the quality of agricultural products and restoring land, it is estimated that the demand of organic fertilizers will increase to 180 million tons by 2020.

 

The acquisition of Viagoo Pte Ltd, a Singapore based online logistic platform, will enable the Muliang group of companies to optimize the transport logistics to lower the cost of delivery and increase the efficiency. The platform will connect the truck drivers to Muliang, provide end to end tracking of the delivery status. With this platform, it is expected to reduce 30% of the delivery cost.

 

Viagoo platform will be opened to the China market where other companies and merchants can book the delivery services and the transporters can sign on to list and provide their services.

 

Competitive Advantages

  

  Quality Advantage: compared with the traditional compost manure fermented fertilizer, our product has a high concentration of organic matter and small molecular organic nutrients, rich in fulvic acid, polysaccharides and monosaccharides that can be directly absorbed by crops. The effectiveness of our product is 50% higher than the same amount of conventional organic fertilizer. Our powder form fertilizer maximizes the survival rate of microorganisms, ensures faster nutrient absorption and increases soil improvement seed and processing productivity.

 

  Safety Advantage: compared with traditional livestock and poultry manure composting fermented fertilizer, our product generates less residue of heavy metals, antibiotics, toxic and harmful bacteria, avoids the pollution of soil and ensures the quality and safety of agricultural products. Our product is widely accepted by local farmers and have been distributed by local governments.  

  

Acquisition of Viagoo Pte Ltd.

 

On June 19, 2020, we entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (“SEA”) with Viagoo Pte Ltd. (“Viagoo”) and all the shareholders of Viagoo (“Viagoo Shareholders”) for the acquisition of 100% equity interest of Viagoo. Viagoo is a Singapore-based logistics sharing platform that enables shippers and carriers to share and optimize resources to lower cost and increase efficiency. From last mile delivery to cross border transportation, the platform provides digital transaction contracts for customers to source for service providers to deliver goods and services in a convenient manner. Viagoo partners with various Singapore agencies to promote the platform to support urban logistics need in Singapore, such as Enterprise Singapore, a government agency to support Singapore small and medium businesses, and Singapore Logistics Association. Pursuant to the SEA, we purchased from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock (“Shares”) for an aggregate purchase price of US$2,830,800, payable in 1,011,000 shares (the “Compensation Shares”) of the Company’s restricted common stock, valued at $2.80 per share.

 

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

 

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other burdens that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include:

 

  the ability to include only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations disclosure; and

 

  an exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

We may take advantage of these provisions for up to five years or such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1.0 billion in annual revenue, have more than $700 million in market value of our shares of common stock held by non-affiliates or issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period.

 

Corporate Information

 

Our principal executive office is located at 2498 Wanfeng Highway, Lane 181, Fengjing Town, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China. The telephone number of our principal executive offices is (86) 21-67355092. The office space belongs to our President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Lirong Wang, who allows us to use the space for free. Our registered agent in the United States is Vcorp Services, LLC, located at 25 Robert Pitt Drive, Suite 204 and its phone is (845) 425-0077.

 

Offering Summary 

 

Following completion of this offering, our ownership will be as follows, assuming completion of the firm commitment offerings, respectively. To the extent we complete an offering of firm commitment offerings, the percentage ownership of participants in this offering will be between the below amounts:

 

3

 

 

 

The Offering

 

Shares Offered by us: 10,000,000 shares of common stock (excluding the over-allotment option)
   
Shares Outstanding Prior to Completion of Offering: 38,402,954 shares of common stock
   
Shares to be Outstanding after Offering*: 48,402,954 shares of common stock, assuming no exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option and excluding shares of common stock underlying the Underwriter Warrants.
   
Assumed Offering Price per Share: $4.00 per share of common stock
   
Gross Proceeds to Us Before Expenses: approximately $36,800,000

 

Proposed Nasdaq Capital Market Symbol: “MULG”
   
Transfer Agent:

West Coast Stock Transfer Inc.

Transfer Agent

721 N. Vulcan Ave.

Suite 205

Encinitas, CA 92024

   
Risk Factors: Investing in these securities involves a high degree of risk. As an investor, you should be able to bear a complete loss of your investment. You should carefully consider the information set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus before deciding to invest in our shares of common stock.
   
Use of Proceeds: We intend to use the proceeds from this offering for advertising and marketing, working capital and general corporate purposes, including the expansion of our business. To the extent that we are unable to raise the maximum proceeds in this offering, we may not be able to achieve all of our business objectives in a timely manner. See “Use of Proceeds” for more information.
   
Dividend Policy: We have no present plans to declare dividends and plan to retain our earnings to continue to grow our business.

 

4

 

 

Summary Financial Information

 

In the table below, we provide you with historical selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December, 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. This information is derived from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period. When you read this historically selected financial data, it is important that you read it along with the historical financial statements and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

    For the Fiscal
Year Ended
December 31,
 
    2020     2019  
    US$     US$  
Statement of operation data:            
Revenues   $ 11,008,532     $ 12,882,250  
Operating expenses   $ 3,141,996     $ 2,255,977  
Income/(Loss) from operations   $ 1,617,779     $ 3,080,093  
Provision for income taxes   $ (394,979 )   $ 505,456  
Net income/(Loss)   $ 979,907     $ 2,205,379  
Earnings per share, basic and diluted(1)   $ 0.03     $ 0.04  
Weighted average common stocks outstanding(1)     37,908,242       52,073,278  

 

      As of
December 31,
2020 
      As of
December 31,
2019 
 
Balance sheet data                
Current assets   $ 26,306,653     $ 8,475,278  
Total assets   $ 35,188,700     $ 26,733,566  
Current liabilities   $ 21,161,217     $ 14,688,418  
Total liabilities   $ 22,587,297     $ 16,543,712  
Total equity   $ 12,601,403     $ 10,189,854  

 

    For the Three
Months Ended
March 31,
 
    2021     2020  
    US$     US$  
Statement of operation data:            
Revenues   $ 1,569,087     $ 838,947  
Operating expenses   $ 400,212     $ 464,493  
Income/(Loss) from operations   $ 268,034     $ (159,390 )
Provision for income taxes   $       $    
Net income/(Loss)   $ 260,504     $ (256,729 )
Earnings per share, basic and diluted(1)   $ 0.01     $ (0.01 )
Weighted average common stocks outstanding(1)     38,502,954       37,341,954  

 

    As of
March 31,
2021
    As of
March 31,
2020
 
Balance sheet data                
Current assets   $ 22,530,263     $ 7,219,415  
Total assets   $ 31,413,297     $ 24,892,215  
Current liabilities   $ 17,177,944     $ 13,421,063  
Total liabilities   $ 18,599,201     $ 15,131,934  
Total equity   $ 12,814,096     $ 9,760,281  

 

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RISK FACTORS

 

An investment in our shares of common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our shares of common stock, you should consider carefully the risks described below, together with all of the other information set forth in this prospectus, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could be materially and adversely affected, which could cause the trading price of our shares of common stock to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. The risks described below and in the sections referenced above are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business. You should only consider investing in our shares of common stock if you can bear the risk of loss of your entire investment.

 

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

 

Our fertilizer business is seasonal and affected by factors beyond our control, which may cause our sales and operating results to fluctuate significantly.

 

The sale of products from our fertilizer-related segments is partially dependent upon planting and growing seasons, which vary from year to year, and are expected to result in both seasonal patterns and substantial fluctuations in quarterly sales and profitability. Different from the traditional organic fertilizer that mostly be only used as starter fertilizer, our products can be used as both the starter fertilizer and regular fertilizer, which can be applied during all the periods through the crops’ growth. Weather conditions and natural disasters, such as heavy rains, hail, floods, freezing conditions, windstorms or fire, also affect decisions by our distributors, direct customers and end users about the types and amounts of products to use and the timing of harvesting and planting. As we increase our sales in our current markets and expand into new markets in different geographies, it is possible that we may experience different seasonality patterns in our business.

 

Disruptions may lead to delays in harvesting or planting by growers which can result in pushing orders to a future quarter, which could negatively affect results for the quarter in question and cause fluctuations in our operating results. Seasonal variations may be especially pronounced because our product lines are mainly sold in China. Planting and growing seasons, climatic conditions and other variables on which sales of our products are dependent vary from year to year and quarter to quarter. As a result, we may experience substantial fluctuations in quarterly sales.

 

The overall level of seasonality in our business is difficult to evaluate as a result of our relatively early stage of development, our limited number of commercialized products, our expansion into new geographical territories, the introduction of new products and the timing of introductions of new products. Even though we have implemented safety measures, the Company had insufficient inventory in April, May, October and November. It is possible that our business may be more seasonal or experience seasonality in different periods than anticipated. Other factors may also contribute to the unpredictability of our operating results, including the size and timing of significant distributor transactions, the delay or deferral of use of our commercial technology or products and the fiscal or quarterly budget cycles of our direct customers, distributors, licensees and end users. Customers may purchase large quantities of our products in a particular quarter to store and use over long periods of time or time their purchases to manage their inventories, which may cause significant fluctuations in our operating results for a particular quarter or year.

 

Unavoidable Insufficient Inventory during busy seasons may cause us to lose some portion of our sales.

 

Traditional organic fertilizers do have seasonal sales because their use can only be applied as starter fertilizers before the crops are planted. Our organic fertilizers can be used as a starter fertilizer or as regular fertilizers which can be applied during the entire growing period of the crops to supplement the nutrients needed for growth. The Company’s inventory during the peak seasons (such as April to May, and October to November) is insufficient. The Company’s fertilizer production capacity has been upgraded from the original 50,000 tons to 70,000 tons, however, and the seasonal inventory supply gap is still unavoidable. The inevitable inventory shortage may cause us to lose some portion of our sales.

 

Competition in fertilizer and agricultural industrial products is intense and requires continuous technological development.

 

We currently face significant direct and indirect competition in the markets in which we operate. The markets for fertilizers are intensely competitive and rapidly changing. Many companies engage in the development of fertilizers, and speed in commercializing a new product can be a significant competitive advantage.

 

In most segments of the fertilizer markets, the number of products available to end customers is steadily increasing as new products are introduced. We may be unable to compete successfully against our current and future competitors, which may result in price reductions, reduced margins and the inability to achieve market acceptance for products containing our seed traits and technology. In addition, many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, marketing, sales, distribution and technical resources than us, and some of our competitors have more experience in R&D, regulatory matters, manufacturing and marketing. We anticipate increased competition in the future as new companies enter the market and new technologies become available. Programs to improve genetics and crop protection chemicals are generally concentrated within a relatively small number of large companies, while non-genetic approaches are underway with a broader set of companies. Mergers and acquisitions in the plant science, specialty food ingredient and agricultural biotechnology seed and chemical industries may result in even more resources being concentrated among a smaller number of our competitors.

 

Our technology may be rendered obsolete or uneconomical by technological advances or entirely different approaches developed by one or more of our competitors, which will prevent or limit our ability to generate revenues from the commercialization of our seed traits and technology. At the same time, the expiration of patents covering existing products reduces the barriers to entry for competitors. Our ability to compete effectively and to achieve commercial success depends, in part, on our ability to control manufacturing and marketing costs; effectively price and market our products, successfully develop an effective marketing program and an efficient supply chain, develop new products with properties attractive to food manufacturers or growers and commercialize our products quickly without incurring major regulatory costs. We may not be successful in achieving these factors and any such failure may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

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We may not be successful in developing marketable or commercial technologies.

 

Through our patented technology, we process crop straw in three hours (including corn, rice, wheat, cotton, and other crops) into high quality organic nutritious fertilizer rich in small molecules, easily absorbed by crops. Our success depends in part on our ability to identify and develop high value fertilizer and agriculture industrial technologies for use in commercial products. Through our technology sourcing and product development collaborations we commit substantial efforts and other resources to accomplish this. It may take several years, if at all, before many of our products complete the development process and become available for production and commercialization.

 

As of the date of this registration statement, many of our products have been commercialized by our patented technology. There can be no assurance that our future fertilizer productivity and agriculture industrial technologies will be viable for commercial use, or that we will be able to generate revenues from those technologies, in a significant manner or at all. If seeds or other products that utilize our fertilizer or technology are unsuccessful in achieving their desired effect or otherwise fail to be commercialized, we will not receive revenues from our customers or royalty payments from the commercialization of the fertilizer and technologies we develop, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth strategy.

 

Fertilizers containing the following traits or biological treatments that we develop may be unsuccessful or fail to achieve commercialization for any of the following reasons:

 

  our fertilizers may not be successfully validated in the target crops;

 

  our fertilizers may not have the desired effect on the relevant crop sought by our end market;

 

  We, our joint ventures or collaborators may be unable to obtain the requisite regulatory approvals for the fertilizers;

 

  our competitors may launch competing or more effective fertilizers;

 

  we may be unable to patent and/or obtain breeders’ rights or any other intellectual property rights on our traits and technologies in the necessary jurisdictions;

 

  even if we obtain patent and/or breeders’ rights or any other intellectual property rights on our fertilizers or processing technologies, such rights may be later challenged by competitors or other parties; and

 

  even if we obtain patent and/or breeders’ rights or any other intellectual property rights on our fertilizers, competitors may design competing products that do not infringe these intellectual property rights.

 

If we are unable to compete successfully with our competitors, our financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.

 

We encounter intense competition in each of our business segments on a national, regional and local level. Competition in the industry is primarily based on quality of services, brand name recognition, geographic coverage and range of services. New and existing competitors may offer competitive rates, greater convenience or superior services, which could attract customers away from us, resulting in lower revenues for our operations. Competition among fertilizer companies may cause a decrease in price of sales to attract or retain talented employees.

 

Our major competitors are Shijiazhuang Xixing Fertilizer Science and Technology Limited, Nanjing Ningliang Bio-chemistry Engineering Limited, Shijiazhuang Jintaiyang Biology Organic Fertilizer Limited, Beijing Wotu Tiandi Biological Science Limited, Zhenzhou Yongfeng Biology Fertilizer Limited, Shandong Jianong Biological Engineering Limited, Beijing Aeronautics Hengfeng Technology Limited, Beijing Century Armstrong Biological Technology Limited, GengLiduo Biological Technology Limited.

 

We do not have multinational competitors. Due to the high price of organic fertilizers from other countries, China has little organic fertilizer imports. The fertilizers produced by international fertilizer companies entering the Chinese organic fertilizer market are mainly special functional fertilizers such as foliar fertilizers. These functional fertilizers are not selling well in the domestic market due to high price.

 

Some of our competitors may have a broader national presence than us, a more established branding recognition than us in major markets and more financial or other resources than us. Others may have smaller aggregate businesses than us but may be more established and have greater market presence and brand name recognition on a local or regional basis. We are also subject to competition from other large national and international companies. These companies may have more financial or other resources than us. If we fail to compete effectively, our business operations and financial condition will suffer.

 

The loss of any of our key suppliers and/or customers could have a materially adverse effect on our results of operations.

 

We consider our major suppliers in each period to be those suppliers that accounted for more than 10% of overall purchases in such period. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, 45% and 90% of our supplies came from two and three key suppliers, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, 87% of our supplies came from two key suppliers. Although we believe that we can locate replacement suppliers readily on the market for prevailing prices and that we may not have significant difficulty replacing a given supplier, any difficulty in replacing such a supplier could adversely affect our company’s performance to the extent it results in higher prices, slower supply chain and ultimately less desirable results of operations.

 

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In addition, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, two key customers accounted for 78% and 41% of our revenues, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, two key customers accounted for 79% of our revenues. As the majority of our revenues are driven by individual orders for organic fertilizers, there can be no assurance that we will maintain or improve the relationships with customers who do not have long-term contracts with us. Our major customers often change each period based on when a given order is placed. If we cannot maintain long-term relationships with major customers or replace major customers from period to period with equivalent customers, the loss of such sales could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

We have engaged in transactions with related parties, and such transactions present possible conflicts of interest that could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

 

We have entered into a number of transactions with related parties, including our shareholders, directors and executive officers.  For example, for fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, we borrowed $2,748,129, $53,694, and $71,158, respectively, from Mr. Lirong Wang, Mr. Guohua Lin, and Ms. Xueying Sheng, related parties of the Company. And for the three months ended March 31, 2021, we borrowed $320,604, $3,061 and $3,439 respectively, from Mr. Lirong Wang, Mr. Guohua Lin, and Ms. Xueying Sheng. See “Related Party Transactions.”  We may in the future enter into additional transactions with entities in which members of our board of directors and other related parties hold ownership interests.

 

Transactions with the entities in which related parties hold ownership interests present potential for conflicts of interest, as the interests of these entities and their shareholders may not align with the interests of the Company and our unaffiliated shareholders with respect to the negotiation of, and certain other matters related to, our purchases from and other transactions with such entities. Conflicts of interest may also arise in connection with the exercise of contractual remedies under these transactions, such as the treatment of events of default.

 

Currently, our Board of Directors has authorized the Audit Committee upon its formation to review and approve all material related party transaction. We rely on the laws of the State of Nevada, which provide that directors owe a duty of care and a duty of loyalty to our company. Nevertheless, we may have achieved more favorable terms if such transactions had not been entered into with related parties and these transactions, individually or in the aggregate, may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations or may result in government enforcement actions or other litigation.

 

Our product development cycle is lengthy and uncertain and we may never generate revenues or earn revenues on the sale of our products currently in development.

 

The research and development in the crop productivity and agriculture biotech industries is expensive, complex, prolonged and uncertain. We may spend many years and dedicate significant financial and other resources developing products that may never generate revenues or come to market. Our process of developing and commercializing technologies involves several phases and can take several years from discovery to commercialization of a product.

 

Development of new or improved agricultural products involves risks of failure inherent in the development of products based on innovative and complex technologies. These risks include the possibility that:

 

  our products will fail to perform as expected in the field;

 

  our products will not receive necessary regulatory permits and governmental clearances in the markets in which we intend to sell them;

 

  our products may have adverse effects on consumers;

 

  consumer preferences, which are unpredictable and can vary greatly, may change quickly, making our products no longer desirable;

 

  our competitors develop new products that have other more appealing characteristics than our products;

 

  our products will be viewed as too expensive by food companies or growers as compared to competitive products;

 

  our products will be difficult to produce on a large scale or will not be economical to grow;

 

  intellectual property and other proprietary rights of third parties will prevent us, our research and development partners or our licensees from marketing and selling our products;

 

  we may be unable to patent or otherwise obtain intellectual property protection for our discoveries in the necessary jurisdictions;

 

  we or the customers that we sell our products to may be unable to fully develop or commercialize our products in a timely manner or at all; and

 

  third parties may develop superior or equivalent products.

 

We intend to continue to invest in research and development including additional and expanded field testing to validate potential products in real world conditions. Because of the long product development cycle and the complexities and uncertainties associated with biotech and agricultural industrial technologies, there can be no assurance that we will ever generate significant revenues from the technologies or products that we are currently developing without significant delay, without the incurrence of unanticipated costs or at all.

 

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We depend on our key personnel and research employees, and we may be adversely affected if we are unable to attract and retain qualified scientific and business personnel.

 

Our business is dependent on our ability to recruit and maintain highly skilled and qualified individuals through direct employment or collaboration arrangements, with expertise in a range of disciplines, including biology, chemistry, plant genetics, agronomics, mathematics programming and other subjects relevant to our business. Our ability to recruit such a work force depends in part on our ability to maintain our market leadership in agricultural biotech industry in China. Maintaining our ability to attract highly-skilled workers and leading scientific institutions depends in part on our ability to maintain a strong technology platform and state-of-the-art facilities, as well as our ability to consistently and successfully commercialize our technology. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain leading scientific capabilities or continue to successfully maintain advanced technology in the market.

 

We do not enter into non-compete agreements with our employees, and therefore we may be unable to prevent our competitors from benefiting from the expertise of our former employees.

 

We do not enter into non-compete agreements with our employees, which prevents us from limiting our key employees from joining our competitors or competing directly against us. As a result, we may be unable to prevent our competitors from benefiting from the expertise of such employees. Direct competition by a former employee could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and ability to capitalize on our proprietary information.

 

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We have a limited operating history in our market, which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects.

 

We started engaging in our business in the last few years and have limited revenues to date. As our business develops or responds to competition, we may continue to introduce new products and services or make adjustments to our existing offerings and business model. In connection with the introduction of new products or in response to general economic conditions, we may impose more stringent borrower qualifications to ensure the quality of loans facilitated by our companies, which may negatively affect the growth of our business. Any significant change to our business model may not achieve expected results and may have a material and adverse impact on our financial conditions and results of operations. It is therefore difficult to effectively assess our future prospects. The risks and challenges we encounter or may encounter in this developing and rapidly evolving market may have impacts on our business and prospects. These risks and challenges include our ability to, among other things:

 

  navigate an evolving regulatory environment;

 

  expand the base of borrowers and lenders;

 

  broaden our loan product offerings;

 

  enhance our risk management capabilities;

 

  improve our operational efficiency;

 

  cultivate a vibrant consumer finance ecosystem;

 

  maintain the security of our IT infrastructure and the confidentiality of the information provided and utilized across our platform;

 

  attract, retain and motivate talented employees; and

 

  defend ourselves against litigation, regulatory, intellectual property, privacy or other claims.

 

If we fail to educate potential borrowers and lenders about the value of our services, if the market for our services does not develop as we expect, or if we fail to address the needs of our target market, or other risks and challenges, our business and results of operations will be harmed.

 

The loss of any of our key customers could reduce our revenues and our profitability.

 

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, revenue from two customers represented 78% and 41% of our revenue, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, revenue from two customers represented 79% and 89% of our revenue, respectively. As the majority of our revenues are driven by individual orders for fertilizer products, there can be no assurance that we will maintain or improve the relationships with customers who do not have long-term contracts with us. Our major customers often change each period based on when a given order is placed. If we cannot maintain long-term relationships with major customers or replace major customers from period to period with equivalent customers, the loss of such sales could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Any failure of any of our key suppliers to deliver necessary materials could result in delays in our products development or marketing schedules.

 

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, two and three suppliers accounted for 45% and 90% of our purchases, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, two and one suppliers accounted for 87% and 85% of our purchases, respectively. We are dependent on our suppliers for our products. Our suppliers may fail to meet timelines or contractual obligations or provide us with sufficient products, which may adversely affect our business. Certain of our contracts with key suppliers can be terminated by the supplier upon giving notice within a certain period and restrict us from using other suppliers. Failure to appropriately structure or adequately manage our agreements with third parties may adversely affect our supply of products. We are also subject to credit risk with respect to our third-party suppliers. If any such suppliers become insolvent, an appointed trustee could potentially ignore the service contracts we have in place with such party, resulting in increased charges or the termination of the service contracts. We may not be able to replace a service provider within a reasonable period of time, on as favorable terms or without disruption to our operations. Any adverse changes to our relationships with third-party suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our image, brand and reputation, as well as on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

  

In addition, to the extent that our creditworthiness might be impaired, or general economic conditions decline, certain of our key suppliers may demand onerous payment terms that could materially adversely affect our working capital position, or such suppliers may refuse to continue to supply to us. A number of our key suppliers have taken out trade credit insurance on our ability to pay them. To the extent that such trade credit insurance becomes unobtainable or more expensive due to market conditions, we may face adverse changes to payment terms by our key suppliers, or they may refuse to continue to supply us.

 

If we do not compete effectively, our results of operations could be harmed.

 

Our industry in China is intensely competitive and evolving. Our competitors operate with different business models, have different cost structures or participate selectively in different market segments. They may ultimately prove more successful or more adaptable to new regulatory, technological and other developments. Some of our current and potential competitors have significantly more financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do and may be able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion, sale and support of their services. Our competitors may also have longer operating histories, more extensive borrower or lender bases, greater brand recognition and brand loyalty and broader partner relationships than us. Additionally, a current or potential competitor may acquire one or more of our existing competitors or form a strategic alliance with one or more of our competitors. If we are unable to compete with such companies and meet the need for innovation in our industry, the demand for our services could stagnate or substantially decline, we could experience reduced revenues or our services could fail to achieve or maintain more widespread market acceptance, any of which could harm our business and results of operations. 

 

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If we fail to promote and maintain our brand in an effective and cost-efficient way, our business and results of operations may be harmed.

 

The continued development and success of our business relies on the recognition of our brands. We believe that developing and maintaining awareness of our brand effectively is critical to attracting new and retaining existing borrowers and lenders to our services. Successful promotion of our brand and our ability to attract qualified borrowers and sufficient lenders depend largely on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts and the success of the channels we use to promote our services. Our efforts to build our brand have caused us to incur significant expenses, and it is likely that our future marketing efforts will require us to incur significant additional expenses. These efforts may not result in increased revenues in the immediate future or at all and, even if they do, any increases in revenues may not offset the expenses incurred. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand while incurring substantial expenses, our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected, which may impair our ability to grow our business. 

 

If we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.

 

Our independent registered public accounting firm has not conducted an audit of our internal control over financial reporting. We also have a history of not filing our periodic reports on time due to uncontrollable reasons. As defined in the standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board of the United States, or PCAOB, a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

 

One material weakness that has been identified related to our lack of sufficient financial reporting and accounting personnel with appropriate knowledge of U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements to properly address complex U.S. GAAP accounting issues and to prepare and review our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures to fulfil U.S. GAAP and SEC financial reporting requirements. The other material weakness that has been identified related to our lack of comprehensive accounting policies and procedures manual in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

 

We have implemented a number of measures to address the material weaknesses that have been identified in connection with the audits of our consolidated financial statements as of and for the two years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. However, there is no assurance that we will not have any material weakness in the future. Failure to discover and address any control deficiencies could result in inaccuracies in our financial statements and impair our ability to comply with applicable financial reporting requirements and related regulatory filings on a timely basis. Moreover, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could significantly hinder our ability to prevent fraud. Ineffective internal control over financial reporting could expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets and subject us to potential delisting from the stock exchange on which we list, regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions. We may also be required to restate our financial statements from prior periods.

 

Failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

 

If we fail to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act regarding internal control over financial reporting or to remedy any material weaknesses in our internal controls that we may identify, such failure could result in material misstatements in our financial statements, cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and have a negative effect on the trading price of our common shares.

 

Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and current SEC regulations, we are required to prepare assessments regarding internal controls over financial reporting. In connection with our on-going assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, we may discover “material weaknesses” in our internal controls as defined in standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB. A material weakness is a significant deficiency, or combination of significant deficiencies, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected. The PCAOB defines “significant deficiency” as a deficiency that results in more than a remote likelihood that a misstatement of the financial statements that is more than inconsequential will not be prevented or detected. We determined that our disclosure controls and procedures over financial reporting are not effective and were not effective as of December 31, 2020.

 

The process of designing and implementing effective internal controls is a continuous effort that requires us to anticipate and react to changes in our business and the economic and regulatory environments and to expend significant resources to maintain a system of internal controls that is adequate to satisfy our reporting obligations as a public company. We cannot assure you that we will implement and maintain adequate controls over our financial process and reporting in the future or that the measures we will take will remediate any material weaknesses that we may identify in the future.

 

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Our business depends on the continued efforts of our senior management. If one or more of our key executives were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, our business may be severely disrupted.

 

Our business operations depend on the continued services of our senior management, particularly the executive officers named in this prospectus. While we have provided different incentives to our management, we cannot assure you that we can continue to retain their services. We currently do not carry a “key man” life insurance on the officers. Therefore, if one or more of our key executives are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may incur substantial cost or may not be able to replace them at all. Consequently, our future growth may be constrained, our business may be severely disrupted, and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. If that is the case, we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel. In addition, although we have entered into confidentiality and non-competition agreements with our management, there is no assurance that any member of our management team will not join our competitors or form a competing business. If any dispute arises between our current or former officers and us, we may have to incur substantial costs and expenses in order to enforce such agreements in China or we may be unable to enforce them at all.

 

Competition for employees is intense, and we may not be able to attract and retain the qualified and skilled employees needed to support our business.

 

We believe our success depends on the efforts and talent of our employees, including risk management, software engineering, financial and marketing personnel. Our future success depends on our continued ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain qualified and skilled employees. Competition for highly skilled technical, risk management and financial personnel is extremely intense. We may not be able to hire and retain these personnel at compensation levels consistent with our existing compensation and salary structure. Some of the companies with which we compete for experienced employees have greater resources than we have and may be able to offer more attractive terms of employment.

 

In addition, we invest significant time and expenses in training our employees, which increases their value to competitors who may seek to recruit them. If we fail to retain our employees, we could incur significant expenses in hiring and training their replacements, and the quality of our services and our ability to serve borrowers and lenders could diminish, resulting in a material adverse effect to our business.

 

Increases in labor costs in the PRC may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

The economy in China has experienced increases in inflation and labor costs in recent years. As a result, average wages in the PRC are expected to continue to increase. In addition, we are required by PRC laws and regulations to pay various statutory employee benefits, including pension, housing fund, medical insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance to designated government agencies for the benefit of our employees. The relevant government agencies may examine whether an employer has made adequate payments to the statutory employee benefits, and those employers who fail to make adequate payments may be subject to late payment fees, fines and/or other penalties. We expect that our labor costs, including wages and employee benefits, will continue to increase. Unless we are able to control our labor costs or pass on these increased labor costs to our users by increasing the fees of our services, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

 

We do not have any business insurance coverage.

 

Insurance companies in China currently do not offer as extensive of an array of insurance products as insurance companies in more developed economies do. Currently, we do not have any business liability or disruption insurance to cover our operations. We have determined that the costs of insuring for these risks and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Any uninsured business disruptions may result in our incurring substantial costs and the diversion of resources, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

 

We face risks related to natural disasters, health epidemics and other outbreaks, which could significantly disrupt our operations.

 

We are vulnerable to natural disasters and other calamities. Fire, floods, typhoons, earthquakes, power loss, telecommunications failures, break-ins, war, riots, terrorist attacks or similar events may give rise to server interruptions, breakdowns, system failures, technology service failures or internet failures, which could cause the loss or corruption of data or malfunctions of software or hardware, as well as adversely affect our ability to provide products and services on our service.

 

Our business could also be adversely affected by the effects of virus, flu and other diseases. Our business operations could be disrupted if any of our employees is suspected of having virus, flu and other diseases, since it could require our employees to be quarantined and/or our offices to be disinfected. In addition, our results of operations could be adversely affected to the extent that any of these epidemics harms the Chinese economy in general.

 

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We may be subject to the general risks underlying the agriculture industry in PRC market.

 

The agriculture industry in the PRC market has been mature. Particularly, we are principally engaged in the fertilizer processing and distribution business in the People’s Republic of China. Therefore, we need to be cautious in selecting our business focus and expansion strategy, and we should be constantly aware of the innovation risk, technology risk and market risk in the industries. If we fail to make an accurate judgment of the current market, our performance can be severely impacted.

 

We may be adversely affected by global economic conditions.

 

Our ability to continue to develop and grow our business, build proprietary distribution channels and generate revenues from product sales and royalty payments may be adversely affected by global economic conditions in the future, including instability in credit markets, declining consumer and business confidence, fluctuating commodity prices and interest rates, volatile exchange rates and other challenges that could affect the global economy such as the changing financial regulatory environment. For example, our customers and licensees may experience deterioration of their businesses, cash flow shortages or difficulties obtaining financing, which could adversely affect the demand for our technologies, products and services. In addition, our earnings may be adversely affected by fluctuations in the price of certain commodities, such as grains, milk, meat, biofuels and biomaterials. If commodity prices are negatively impacted, the value of our products could be directly and negatively impacted. Additionally, growers’ incomes have historically been negatively affected by commodity prices. As a result, fluctuations in commodity prices could have an impact on growers’ purchasing decisions and negatively affect their ability and decisions to purchase our seeds or products that incorporate our proprietary technology. We cannot anticipate all of the ways in which the current economic climate and financial market conditions could adversely impact our business.

 

Changes in laws and regulations to which we are subject, or to which we may become subject in the future, may materially increase our costs of operation, decrease our operating revenues and disrupt our business.

 

Laws and regulatory standards and procedures that impact our business are continuously changing. Responding to these changes and meeting existing and new requirements may be costly and burdensome. Changes in laws and regulations may occur that could:

 

  impair or eliminate our ability to source technology and develop our products, including validating our products through field trials and passing biosafety evaluations;

 

  increase our compliance and other costs of doing business through increases in the cost to protect our intellectual property, including know-how, trade secrets and regulatory data, or increases in the cost to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals to commercialize and market the products we develop directly or jointly;

 

  require significant product redesign or redevelopment;

 

  render our seed traits and technology and products that incorporate them less profitable or less attractive compared to competing products;

 

  reduce the amount of revenues we receive from government grants, licenses or other royalties; and

 

  discourage us and other collaborators from offering, and end markets from purchasing, products that incorporate our seed traits and technology.

 

Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Legislation and jurisprudence on intellectual property in the key markets where we seek protection, primarily in China, is evolving and changes in laws could affect our ability to obtain or maintain intellectual property protection for our products. Any changes to these existing laws and regulations may materially increase our costs, decrease our revenues and disrupt our business.

  

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The overall agricultural industry is susceptible to commodity price changes and we, along with our food manufacturing customers and grower customers, are exposed to market risks from changes in commodity prices.

 

Changes in the prices of certain commodity products could result in higher overall cost along the agricultural supply chain, which may negatively affect our ability to commercialize our products We will be susceptible to changes in costs in the agricultural industry as a result of factors beyond our control, such as general economic conditions, seasonal fluctuations, weather conditions, demand, food safety concerns, product recalls and government regulations. As a result, we may not be able to anticipate or react to changing costs by adjusting our practices, which could cause our operating results to deteriorate.

 

Our operations are subject to various health and environmental risks associated with our use, handling and disposal of potentially toxic materials.

 

We are subject to numerous federal, state, local and foreign environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including those governing laboratory procedures, the handling, use, storage, treatment, manufacture and disposal of wastes, discharge of pollutants into the environment and human health and safety matters.

 

Although there are no hazardous substances in the raw materials used by us that will affect and damage the company’s employees, factory, other property and the environment. The safety of raw materials is also one of the requirements when applying for the fertilizer registration certificate. We cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or discharge and any resultant injury from these materials. If these risks were to materialize, we could be subject to fines, liability, reputational harm or otherwise adverse effects on our business. We may be sued for any injury or contamination that results from our use or the use by third parties of these materials, or may otherwise be required to remedy the contamination, and our liability may exceed any insurance coverage and our total assets. Furthermore, compliance with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations may be expensive and may impair our Research & Development efforts. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur substantial costs and liabilities, including civil or criminal fines and penalties, clean-up costs or capital expenditures for control equipment or operational changes necessary to achieve and maintain compliance. In addition, we cannot predict the impact on our business of new or amended environmental, health and safety laws or regulations or any changes in the way existing and future laws and regulations are interpreted and enforced. These current or future laws and regulations may impair our research, development or production efforts.

  

Failure to maintain or enhance our brands or image could have a material and adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

 

We believe our brands are associated with a well-recognized, integrated fertilizers company in the local markets that it operates, with consistent high-quality products end customers in China. Our brands are integral to our sales and marketing efforts. Our continued success in maintaining and enhancing our brand and image depends to a large extent on our ability to satisfy customer needs by further developing and maintaining quality of services across our operations, as well as our ability to respond to competitive pressures. If we are unable to satisfy customer needs or if our public image or reputation were otherwise diminished, our business transactions with our customers may decline, which could in turn adversely affect our results of operations.

 

Any failure to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights could have a negative impact on our business.

 

We believe our intellectual property rights are critical to our success. Any unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights could harm our competitive advantages and business. Historically, China has not protected intellectual property rights to the same extent as the United States, and infringement of intellectual property rights continues to pose a serious risk of doing business in China. Monitoring and preventing unauthorized use is difficult. The measures we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. Furthermore, the application of laws governing intellectual property rights in China and abroad is uncertain and evolving and could involve substantial risks to us. If we are unable to adequately protect our brand, trademarks and other intellectual property rights, we may lose these rights and our business may suffer materially.

 

Our outstanding long-term loan and other financing arrangement payable may adversely affect our available cash flow and our ability to operate our business. 

 

As of December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2021, our long-term loan payable balances were $1,425,475 and $1,420,663 respectively. We also have advances from related parties (Mr. Lirong Wang, Ms. Xueying Sheng and Mr. Guohua Lin) for working capital of the Company which are due on demand, non-interest bearing, and unsecured. For further information, see “Related Party Transaction.”

 

Our outstanding and future loans, combined with our other financial obligations and contractual commitments, could have negative consequences on our business and financial condition. We believe that our cash, cash equivalents on hand will be sufficient to meet our current and anticipated needs for general corporate purposes for at least the next 12 months. However, we need to make continued investment for our expansion in facilities and to retain talents to remain competitive. There can be no assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital on terms favorable to us, or at all, if and when required, especially if we experience disappointing operating results. If adequate capital is not available to us as required, our ability to fund our operations, take advantage of unanticipated opportunities, develop or enhance our facilities or respond to competitive pressures could be significantly limited.

  

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Increases in labor costs in the PRC may adversely affect our business and our profitability.

 

China’s economy has experienced increases in labor costs in recent years. China’s overall economy and the average wage in China is expected to continue to grow. The average wage level for our employees has also increased in recent years. We expect that our labor costs, including wages and employee benefits, will continue to increase. Unless we are able to pass on these increased labor costs to our customers by increasing prices for our products or services, our profitability and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

 

In addition, we have been subject to stricter regulatory requirements in terms of entering into labor contracts with our employees and paying various statutory employee benefits, including pensions, housing fund, medical insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance and childbearing insurance to designated government agencies for the benefit of our employees. Pursuant to the PRC Labor Contract Law, or the Labor Contract Law, that became effective in January 2008 and its implementing rules that became effective in September 2008 and its amendments that became effective in July 2013, employers are subject to stricter requirements in terms of signing labor contracts, minimum wages, paying remuneration, determining the term of employees’ probation and unilaterally terminating labor contracts. In the event that we decide to terminate some of our employees or otherwise change our employment or labor practices, the Labor Contract Law and its implementation rules may limit our ability to effect those changes in a desirable or cost-effective manner, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Besides, pursuant to the Labor Contract Law and its amendments, dispatched employees are intended to be a supplementary form of employment and the fundamental form should be direct employment by enterprises and organizations that require employees. Further, it is expressly stated in the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch that became effective on March 1, 2014 that the number of seconded employees an employer uses may not exceed 10% of its total labor force and the employer has a two-year transition period to comply with such requirement. Our VIE and its consolidated subsidiaries and consolidated branch offices used seconded employees for their principal business activities. The transition period ended on February 29, 2016, and those PRC subsidiaries have taken steps to decrease the number of seconded employees. If the relevant PRC subsidiaries are deemed to have violated the limitation on the use of seconded employees under the relevant labor laws and regulations, we may be subject to fines and incur other costs to make required changes to our current employment practices.

 

As the interpretation and implementation of labor-related laws and regulations are still evolving, we cannot assure you that our employment practice does not and will not violate labor-related laws and regulations in China, which may subject us to labor disputes or government investigations. If we are deemed to have violated relevant labor laws and regulations, we could be required to provide additional compensation to our employees and our business, and our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

 

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure and Doing Business in the PRC

 

If the PRC government deems that any of our contractual arrangements, do not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.

 

Foreign ownership of internet-based businesses, such as distribution of online information, is subject to restrictions under current PRC laws and regulations. For example, foreign investors are not allowed to own more than 50% of the equity interests in a value-added telecommunication service provider (except e-commerce) and any such foreign investor must have experience in providing value-added telecommunications services overseas and maintain a good track record in accordance with the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment promulgated in 2007, as amended in 2011 and in 2015, respectively, and other applicable laws and regulations.

 

It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws, rules or regulations relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. In particular, in January 2015, the Ministry of Commerce, or MOC, published a discussion draft of the proposed Foreign Investment Law for public review and comments. Among other things, the draft Foreign Investment Law expands the definition of foreign investment and introduces the principle of “actual control” in determining whether a company is considered a foreign-invested enterprise, or an FIE. Under the draft Foreign Investment Law, variable interest entities would also be deemed as FIEs, if they are ultimately “controlled” by foreign investors, and would be subject to restrictions on foreign investments. However, the draft law has not taken a position on what actions will be taken with respect to the existing companies with the “variable interest entity” structure, whether or not these companies are controlled by Chinese parties. It is uncertain when the draft will be signed into law and whether the final version will have any substantial changes from the draft. Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation of draft PRC Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations” below. If the ownership structure, contractual arrangements and business of our company are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or we fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant governmental authorities would have broad discretion in dealing with such violation, including levying fines, confiscating our income, shutting down our servers, discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operations, requiring us to undergo a costly and disruptive restructuring, restricting or prohibiting our use of proceeds from this offering to finance our business and operations in China and taking other regulatory or enforcement actions that could be harmful to our business. Any of these actions could cause significant disruption to our business operations and could severely damage our reputation, which would in turn materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC-resident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries or limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.

 

In July 2014, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which replaces the previous SAFE Circular 75. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents, including PRC individuals and PRC corporate entities, to register with SAFE or its local branches in connection with their direct or indirect offshore investment activities. SAFE Circular 37 is applicable to our shareholders who are PRC residents and may be applicable to any offshore acquisitions that we may make in the future.

 

Under SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who make, or have prior to the implementation of SAFE Circular 37 made, direct or indirect investments in offshore special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, are required to register such investments with SAFE or its local branches. In addition, any PRC resident who is a direct or indirect shareholder of an SPV, is required to update its registration with the local branch of SAFE with respect to that SPV, to reflect any material change. Moreover, any subsidiary of such SPV in China is required to urge the PRC resident shareholders to update their registration with the local branch of SAFE to reflect any material change. If any PRC resident shareholder of such SPV fails to make the required registration or to update the registration, the subsidiary of such SPV in China may be prohibited from distributing its profits or the proceeds from any capital reduction, share transfer or liquidation to the SPV, and the SPV may also be prohibited from making additional capital contributions into its subsidiaries in China. In February 2015, SAFE promulgated a Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Foreign Exchange Administration Policy on Direct Investment, or SAFE Notice 13. Under SAFE Notice 13, applications for foreign exchange registration of inbound foreign direct investments and outbound direct investments, including those required under SAFE Circular 37, must be filed with qualified banks instead of SAFE. Qualified banks should examine the applications and accept registrations under the supervision of SAFE. We have used our best efforts to notify PRC residents or entities who directly or indirectly hold shares in our holding company and who are known to us as being PRC residents to complete the foreign exchange registrations. However, we may not be informed of the identities of all the PRC residents or entities holding direct or indirect interest in our company, nor can we compel our beneficial owners to comply with SAFE registration requirements. We cannot assure you that all other shareholders or beneficial owners of ours who are PRC residents or entities have complied with, and will in the future make, obtain or update any applicable registrations or approvals required by SAFE regulations. Failure by such shareholders or beneficial owners to comply with SAFE regulations, or failure by us to amend the foreign exchange registrations of our PRC subsidiaries, could subject us to fines or legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make distributions or pay dividends to us or affect our ownership structure, which could adversely affect our business and prospects.

 

Furthermore, as these foreign exchange and outbound investment related regulations are relatively new and their interpretation and implementation has been constantly evolving, it is unclear how these regulations, and any future regulation concerning offshore or cross-border investments and transactions, will be interpreted, amended and implemented by the relevant government authorities. For example, we may be subject to a more stringent review and approval process with respect to our foreign exchange activities, such as remittance of dividends and foreign-currency-denominated borrowings, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. We cannot assure you that we have complied or will be able to comply with all applicable foreign exchange and outbound investment related regulations. In addition, if we decide to acquire a PRC domestic company, we cannot assure you that we or the owners of such company, as the case may be, will be able to obtain the necessary approvals or complete the necessary filings and registrations required by the foreign exchange regulations. This may restrict our ability to implement our acquisition strategy and could adversely affect our business and prospects.

 

Changes in the policies of the PRC government could have a significant impact upon our ability to operate profitably in the PRC. 

 

We conduct all of our operations and all of our revenue is generated in the PRC. Accordingly, economic, political and legal developments in the PRC will significantly affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Policies of the PRC government can have significant effects on economic conditions in the PRC and the ability of businesses to operate profitably. Our ability to operate profitably in the PRC may be adversely affected by changes in policies by the PRC government, including changes in laws, regulations or their interpretation, particularly those dealing with the Internet, including censorship and other restriction on material which can be transmitted over the Internet, security, intellectual property, money laundering, taxation and other laws that affect our ability to operate our website.

  

Because our business is dependent upon government policies that encourage a market-based economy, change in the political or economic climate in the PRC may impair our ability to operate profitably, if at all. 

 

Although the PRC government has been pursuing a number of economic reform policies for more than two decades, the PRC government continues to exercise significant control over economic growth in the PRC. Because of the nature of our business, we are dependent upon the PRC government pursuing policies that encourage private ownership of businesses. Restrictions on private ownership of businesses would affect the securities business in general and businesses using real estate service in particular. We cannot assure you that the PRC government will pursue policies favoring a market-oriented economy or that existing policies will not be significantly altered, especially in the event of a change in leadership, social or political disruption, or other circumstances affecting political, economic and social life in the PRC.

 

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PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations are sometimes vague and uncertain and any changes in such laws and regulations may impair our ability to operate profitable.

 

There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations including, but not limited to, the laws and regulations governing our business and the enforcement and performance of our arrangements with customers in certain circumstances. The laws and regulations are sometimes vague and may be subject to future changes, and their official interpretation and enforcement may involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness and interpretation of newly enacted laws or regulations, including amendments to existing laws and regulations, may be delayed, and our business may be affected if we rely on laws and regulations which are subsequently adopted or interpreted in a manner different from our understanding of these laws and regulations. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively. We cannot predict what effect the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations may have on our business.

 

There are uncertainties under the PRC laws relating to the procedures for U.S. regulators to investigate and collect evidence from companies located in the PRC.

 

According to Article 177 of the newly amended PRC Securities Law which became effective in March 2020 (the “Article 177”), the securities regulatory authority of the PRC State Council may collaborate with securities regulatory authorities of other countries or regions in order to monitor and oversee cross border securities activities. Article 177 further provides that overseas securities regulatory authorities are not allowed to carry out investigation and evidence collection directly within the territory of the PRC, and that any Chinese entities and individuals are not allowed to provide documents or materials related to securities business activities to overseas agencies without prior consent of the securities regulatory authority of the PRC State Council and the competent departments of the PRC State Council.

 

Our PRC counsel has advised us of their understanding that (i) the Article 177 is applicable in the limited circumstances related to direct investigation or evidence collection conducted by overseas authorities within the territory of the PRC (in such case, the foregoing activities are required to be conducted through collaboration with or by obtaining prior consent of competent Chinese authorities); (ii) the Article 177 does not limit or prohibit the Company, as a company duly incorporated in Cayman Islands and to be listed on NASDAQ, from providing the required documents or information to NASDAQ or the SEC pursuant to applicable Listing Rules and U.S. securities laws; and (iii) as the Article 177 is relatively new and there is no implementing rules or regulations which have been published regarding application of the Article 177, it remains unclear how the law will be interpreted, implemented or applied by the Chinese Securities Regulatory Commission or other relevant government authorities. As of the date hereof, we are not aware of any implementing rules or regulations which have been published regarding application of Article 177. However, we cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies, including the securities regulatory authority of the PRC State Council, would reach the same conclusion as we do. As such, there are uncertainties as to the procedures and time requirement for the U.S. regulators to bring about investigations and evidence collection within the territory of the PRC.

 

Our principal business operation is conducted in the PRC. In the event that the U.S. regulators carry out investigation on us and there is a need to conduct investigation or collect evidence within the territory of the PRC, the U.S. regulators may not be able to carry out such investigation or evidence collection directly in the PRC under the PRC laws. The U.S. regulators may consider cross-border cooperation with securities regulatory authority of the PRC by way of judicial assistance, diplomatic channels or regulatory cooperation mechanism established with the securities regulatory authority of the PRC.

 

Because our business is conducted in RMB and the price of our shares of common stock is quoted in United States dollars, changes in currency conversion rates may affect the value of your investments.

 

Our business is conducted in the PRC, our books and records are maintained in RMB, which is the currency of the PRC, and the financial statements that we file with the SEC and provide to our shareholders are presented in United States dollars. Changes in the exchange rate between the RMB and dollar affect the value of our assets and the results of our operations in United States dollars. The value of the RMB against the United States dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in the PRC’s political and economic conditions and perceived changes in the economy of the PRC and the United States. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenue and financial condition. Further, our shares offered by this prospectus are offered in United States dollars, and we will need to convert the net proceeds we receive into RMB in order to use the funds for our business. Changes in the conversion rate between the United States dollar and the RMB will affect that amount of proceeds we will have available for our business. 

 

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Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China, which could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders.

 

The EIT Law and its implementing rules provide that enterprises established outside of China whose “de facto management bodies” are located in China are considered “resident enterprises” under PRC tax laws. The implementing rules promulgated under the EIT Law define the term “de facto management bodies” as a management body which substantially manages, or has control over the business, personnel, finance and assets of an enterprise. In April 2009, the State Administration of Taxation, or SAT, issued a circular, known as Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management bodies” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. However, there are no further detailed rules or precedents governing the procedures and specific criteria for determining “de facto management body.” Although our board of directors and management are located in the PRC, it is unclear if the PRC tax authorities would determine that we should be classified as a PRC “resident enterprise.”

 

If we are deemed as a PRC “resident enterprise,” we will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on our worldwide income at a uniform tax rate of 25%, although dividends distributed to us from our existing PRC subsidiary and any other PRC subsidiaries which we may establish from time to time could be exempt from the PRC dividend withholding tax due to our PRC “resident recipient” status. This could have a material and adverse effect on our overall effective tax rate, our income tax expenses and our net income. Furthermore, dividends, if any, paid to our shareholders may be decreased as a result of the decrease in distributable profits. In addition, if we were considered a PRC “resident enterprise”, any dividends we pay to our non-PRC investors and the gains realized from the transfer of our shares of common stock may be considered income derived from sources within the PRC and be subject to PRC tax, at a rate of 10% in the case of non-PRC enterprises or 20% in the case of non-PRC individuals (in each case, subject to the provisions of any applicable tax treaty). It is unclear whether holders of our shares of common stock would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. This could have a material and adverse effect on the value of your investment in us and on the price of our shares of common stock.

 

There are significant uncertainties under the EIT Law relating to the withholding tax liabilities of our PRC subsidiary, and dividends payable by our PRC subsidiary to our offshore subsidiaries may not qualify to enjoy certain treaty benefits.

 

Under the PRC EIT Law and its implementation rules, the profits of a foreign invested enterprise generated through operations, which are distributed to its immediate holding company outside the PRC, will be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10%. Pursuant to a special arrangement between Hong Kong and the PRC, such rate may be reduced to 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns more than 25% of the equity interest in the PRC company. Our PRC subsidiary is wholly-owned by our Hong Kong subsidiary. Moreover, under the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues regarding the Administration of the Dividend Provision in Tax Treaties promulgated on February 20, 2009, the tax payer needs to satisfy certain conditions to enjoy the benefits under a tax treaty. These beneficial owner of the relevant dividends, and (2) the corporate shareholder to receive dividends from the PRC subsidiary must have continuously met the direct ownership thresholds during the 12 consecutive months preceding the receipt of the dividends. Further, the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Notice on How to Understand and Recognize the “Beneficial Owner” in Tax Treaties on October 27, 2009, which limits the “beneficial owner” to individuals, projects or other organizations normally engaged in substantive operations, and sets forth certain detailed factors in determining the “beneficial owner” status. In current practice, a Hong Kong enterprise must obtain a tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority to apply for the 5% lower PRC withholding tax rate. As the Hong Kong tax authority will issue such a tax resident certificate on a case-by-case basis, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain the tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not commenced the application process for a Hong Kong tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority, and there is no assurance that we will be granted such a Hong Kong tax resident certificate.

 

Even after we obtain the Hong Kong tax resident certificate, we are required by applicable tax laws and regulations to file required forms and materials with relevant PRC tax authorities to prove that we can enjoy 5% lower PRC withholding tax rate. We intend to obtain the required materials and file with the relevant tax authorities when it plans to declare and pay dividends, but there is no assurance that the PRC tax authorities will approve the 5% withholding tax rate.

 

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If we become directly subject to the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.-listed Chinese companies, we may have to expend significant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation.

 

U.S. public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China have been the subject of intense scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity has centered on financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, a lack of effective internal controls over financial accounting, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity, the publicly traded stock of many U.S. listed Chinese companies sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, has become virtually worthless. Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions and are conducting internal and external investigations into the allegations. It is not clear what effect this sector-wide scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity will have on us, our business and our stock price. If we become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend our company. This situation will be costly and time consuming and distract our management from developing our growth. If such allegations are not proven to be groundless, we and our business operations will be severely affected and you could sustain a significant decline in the value of our stock. 

 

The disclosures in our reports, other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements are not subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodies in the PRC.

 

We are regulated by the SEC and our reports and other filings with the SEC are subject to SEC review in accordance with the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act. Our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatory authority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review by China Securities Regulatory Commission, a PRC regulator that is responsible for oversight of the capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no local regulator has done any review of us, our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other public pronouncements.

  

Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

 

Substantially all of our operations are located in China. Accordingly, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced to a significant degree by political, economic and social conditions in China generally and by continued economic growth in China as a whole.

 

The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the amount of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.

 

While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy but may have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. In addition, in the past the Chinese government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate increases, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity in China, and since 2012, China’s economic growth has slowed down. Any prolonged slowdown in the Chinese economy may reduce the demand for our products and services and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations could limit the legal protections available to us.

 

The PRC legal system is based on written statutes and prior court decisions have limited value as precedents. Since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties.

 

Although we have taken measures to comply with the laws and regulations that are applicable to our business operations, including the regulatory principles raised by the CBRC, and avoiding conducting any activities that may be deemed as illegal fund-raising, forming capital pool or providing guarantee to investors under the current applicable laws and regulations, the PRC government authority may promulgate new laws and regulations regulating the direct lending service industry in the future. We cannot assure you that our practices would not be deemed to violate any PRC laws or regulations relating to illegal fund-raising, forming capital pools or the provision of credit enhancement services. Moreover, we cannot rule out the possibility that the PRC government will institute a license requirement covering our industry at some point in the future. If such a licensing regime were introduced, we cannot assure you that we would be able to obtain any newly required license in a timely manner, or at all, which could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.

 

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From time to time, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal rights. However, since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy, than in more developed legal systems. Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules (some of which are not published in a timely manner or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. Such uncertainties, including uncertainty over the scope and effect of our contractual, property (including intellectual property) and procedural rights, could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.

 

Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation of draft PRC Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.

 

The MOC published a discussion draft of the proposed Foreign Investment Law in January 2015 aiming to, upon its enactment, replace the trio of existing laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-invested Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations. The draft Foreign Investment Law embodies an expected PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments. The MOC is currently soliciting comments on this draft and substantial uncertainties exist with respect to its enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation. The draft Foreign Investment Law, if enacted as proposed, may materially impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations in many aspects.

 

Among other things, the draft Foreign Investment Law expands the definition of foreign investment and introduces the principle of “actual control” in determining whether a company is considered a foreign-invested enterprise, or an FIE. The draft Foreign Investment Law specifically provides that entities established in China but “controlled” by foreign investors will be treated as FIEs. Once an entity is considered to be an FIE, it may be subject to the foreign investment restrictions or prohibitions set forth in a “negative list” to be separately issued by the State Council later. If an FIE proposes to conduct business in an industry subject to foreign investment “restrictions” in the “negative list,” the FIE must go through a market entry clearance by the MOC before being established. If an FIE proposes to conduct business in an industry subject to foreign investment “prohibitions” in the “negative list,” it must not engage in the business. However, an FIE that is subject to foreign investment “restrictions,” upon market entry clearance, may apply in writing for being treated as a PRC domestic investment if it is ultimately “controlled” by PRC government authorities and its affiliates and/or PRC citizens. In this connection, “control” is broadly defined in the draft law to cover the following summarized categories: (i) holding 50% or more of the voting rights of the subject entity; (ii) holding less than 50% of the voting rights of the subject entity but having the power to secure at least 50% of the seats on the board or other equivalent decision making bodies, or having the voting power to exert material influence on the board, the shareholders’ meeting or other equivalent decision making bodies; or (iii) having the power to exert decisive influence, via contractual or trust arrangements, over the subject entity’s operations, financial matters or other key aspects of business operations. Once an entity is determined to be an FIE, it will be subject to the foreign investment restrictions or prohibitions set forth in a “negative list,” to be separately issued by the State Council at a later date, if the FIE is engaged in an industry listed in the negative list. Unless the underlying business of the FIE falls within the negative list, which calls for market entry clearance by the MOC, prior approval from the government authorities as mandated by the existing foreign investment legal regime would no longer be required for establishment of the FIE.

 

The “variable interest entity” structure, or VIE structure, has been adopted by many PRC-based companies, including us, to obtain necessary licenses and permits in the industries that are currently subject to foreign investment restrictions in China. Under the draft Foreign Investment Law, variable interest entities that are controlled via contractual arrangement would also be deemed as FIEs, if they are ultimately “controlled” by foreign investors. Therefore, for any companies with a VIE structure in an industry category that is included in the “negative list” as restricted industry, the VIE structure may be deemed legitimate only if the ultimate controlling person(s) is/are of PRC nationality (either PRC companies or PRC citizens). Conversely, if the actual controlling person(s) is/are of foreign nationalities, then the variable interest entities will be treated as FIEs and any operation in the industry category on the “negative list” without market entry clearance may be considered as illegal.

 

If the enacted version of the Foreign Investment Law and the final “negative list” mandate further actions, such as MOC market entry clearance or certain restructuring of our corporate structure and operations, to be completed by companies with existing VIE structure like us, there may be substantial uncertainties as to whether we can complete these actions in a timely manner, or at all, and our business and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

 

The draft Foreign Investment Law, if enacted as proposed, may also materially impact our corporate governance practice and increase our compliance costs. For instance, the draft Foreign Investment Law imposes stringent ad hoc and periodic information reporting requirements on foreign investors and the applicable FIEs. Aside from an investment implementation report and an investment amendment report that are required for each investment and alteration of investment specifics, an annual report is mandatory, and large foreign investors meeting certain criteria are required to report on a quarterly basis. Any company found to be non-compliant with these information reporting obligations may potentially be subject to fines and/or administrative or criminal liabilities, and the persons directly responsible may be subject to criminal liabilities.

 

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We may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in PRC regulation of internet-related businesses and companies, and any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

 

The PRC government extensively regulates the internet industry, including foreign ownership of, and the licensing and permit requirements pertaining to, companies in the internet industry. These internet-related laws and regulations are relatively new and evolving, and their interpretation and enforcement involve significant uncertainties. As a result, in certain circumstances it may be difficult to determine what actions or omissions may be deemed to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations.

 

The evolving PRC regulatory system for the internet industry may lead to the establishment of new regulatory agencies. For example, in May 2011, the State Council announced the establishment of a new department, the State Internet Information Office (with the involvement of the State Council Information Office, the MITT, and the Ministry of Public Security). The primary role of this new agency is to facilitate the policy-making and legislative development in this field, to direct and coordinate with the relevant departments in connection with online content administration and to deal with cross-ministry regulatory matters in relation to the internet industry.

 

The Circular on Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Investment in and Operation of Value-added Telecommunications Business, issued by the MITT in July 2006, prohibits domestic telecommunication service providers from leasing, transferring or selling telecommunications business operating licenses to any foreign investor in any form, or providing any resources, sites or facilities to any foreign investor for their illegal operation of a telecommunications business in China. According to this circular, either the holder of a value-added telecommunication services operation permit or its shareholders must directly own the domain names and trademarks used by such license holders in their provision of value-added telecommunication services. The circular also requires each license holder to have the necessary facilities, including servers, for its approved business operations and to maintain such facilities in the regions covered by its license. If an ICP License holder fails to comply with the requirements and also fails to remedy such non-compliance within a specified period of time, the MITT or its local counterparts have the discretion to take administrative measures against such license holder, including revoking its ICP License.

 

The interpretation and application of existing PRC laws, regulations and policies and possible new laws, regulations or policies relating to the internet industry have created substantial uncertainties regarding the legality of existing and future foreign investments in, and the businesses and activities of, internet businesses in China, including our business. We cannot assure you that we have obtained all the permits or licenses required for conducting our business in China or will be able to maintain our existing licenses or obtain new ones. If the PRC government considers that we were operating without the proper approvals, licenses or permits or promulgates new laws and regulations that require additional approvals or licenses or imposes additional restrictions on the operation of any part of our business, it has the power, among other things, to levy fines, confiscate our income, revoke our business licenses, and require us to discontinue our relevant business or impose restrictions on the affected portion of our business. Any of these actions by the PRC government may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

 

PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our offering to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

 

Under PRC laws and regulations, we are permitted to utilize the proceeds from our offering to fund our PRC subsidiary by making loans to or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary, subject to applicable government registration and approval requirements.

 

Any loans to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreign-invested enterprises under PRC laws, are subject to PRC regulations and foreign exchange loan registrations. For example, loans by us to our PRC subsidiary to finance their activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with the local counterpart of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE. The statutory limit for the total amount of foreign debts of a foreign-invested company is the difference between the amount of total investment as approved by the MOC or its local counterpart and the amount of registered capital of such foreign-invested company.

 

We may also decide to finance our PRC subsidiary by means of capital contributions. These capital contributions must be approved by the MOC or its local counterpart. On March 30, 2015, SAFE promulgated Circular 19, which expands a pilot reform of the administration of the settlement of the foreign exchange capitals of foreign-invested enterprises nationwide. Circular 19 came into force and replaced both previous Circular 142 and Circular 36 on June 1, 2015. Circular 19 allows all foreign-invested enterprises established in the PRC to use their foreign exchange capitals to make equity investment and removes certain other restrictions provided in Circular 142. However, Circular 19 continues to prohibit foreign-invested enterprises from, among other things, using RMB fund converted from its foreign exchange capitals for expenditure beyond its business scope, providing entrusted loans or repaying loans between non-financial enterprises. In addition, SAFE strengthened its oversight of the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of a foreign-invested company. The use of such RMB capital may not be altered without SAFE’s approval, and such RMB capital may not in any case be used to repay RMB loans if the proceeds of such loans have not been used. Violations of Circular 19 could result in severe monetary or other penalties. These circulars may significantly limit our ability to use RMB converted from the cash provided by our offshore financing activities to fund the establishment of new entities in China by our PRC subsidiary, to invest in or acquire any other PRC companies through our PRC subsidiary or to establish new variable interest entities in the PRC.

 

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In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds we expect to receive from our offering and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

 

Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by PRC regulations may subject us to penalties.

 

We are required under PRC laws and regulations to participate in various government sponsored employee benefit plans, including certain social insurance, housing funds and other welfare-oriented payment obligations, and contribute to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of our employees up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where we operate our businesses. The requirement of employee benefit plans has not been implemented consistently by the local governments in China given the different levels of economic development in different locations. We have not made adequate employee benefit payments. We may be required to make up the contributions for these plans as well as to pay late fees and fines. If we are subject to late fees or fines in relation to the underpaid employee benefits, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

 

The M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations establish complex procedures for some acquisitions of Chinese companies by foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions in China.

 

The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in August 2006 and amended in 2009, and some other regulations and rules concerning mergers and acquisitions established additional procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances that the MOC be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law requires that the MOC shall be notified in advance of any concentration of undertaking if certain thresholds are triggered. In addition, the security review rules issued by the MOC that became effective in September 2011 specify that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise “national security” concerns are subject to strict review by the MOC, and the rules prohibit any activities attempting to bypass a security review, including by structuring the transaction through a proxy or contractual control arrangement. In the future, we may grow our business by acquiring complementary businesses. Complying with the requirements of the above-mentioned regulations and other relevant rules to complete such transactions could be time consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval from the MOC or its local counterparts may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.

 

Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee stock incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.

 

In February 2012, SAFE promulgated the Notices on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly-Listed Company, replacing earlier rules promulgated in March 2007. Pursuant to these rules, PRC citizens and non-PRC citizens who reside in China for a continuous period of not less than one year who participate in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company, subject to a few exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be the PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. In addition, an overseas entrusted institution must be retained to handle matters in connection with the exercise or sale of stock options and the purchase or sale of shares and interests. We, our executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or who have resided in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year and who have been granted options or other awards are subject to these regulations. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiary and limit our PRC subsidiary’ ability to distribute dividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional incentive plans for our directors, executive officers and employees under PRC law.

 

Regulatory bodies of the United States may be limited in their ability to conduct investigations or inspections of our operations in China.

 

From time to time, the Company may receive requests from certain U.S. agencies to investigate or inspect the Company’s operations or to otherwise provide information. While the Company will be compliant with these requests from these regulators, there is no guarantee that such requests will be honored by those entities who provide services to us or with whom we associate, especially as those entities are located in China. Furthermore, an on-site inspection of our facilities by any of these regulators may be limited or entirely prohibited. Such inspections, though permitted by the Company and its affiliates, are subject to the capricious nature of Chinese enforcers and may therefore be impossible to facilitate.

 

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The laws and regulations governing the online consumer finance industry in China are evolving rapidly. If any of our business practices is deemed to violate any PRC laws or regulations, or if our arrangements with financing partners are adjusted, we may have to change our business model, and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

 

On December 1, 2017, the Internet Finance Rectification Office and the Online Lending Rectification Office jointly issued the Notice on Regulating and Rectifying “Cash Loan” Business, or Circular 141, outlining general requirements on the “cash loan” business conducted by network microcredit companies, banking financial institutions and online lending information intermediaries. Circular 141 specifies the features of “cash loans” as not relying on consumption scenarios, with no specified use of loan proceeds, no qualification requirement on customers and unsecured etc. Circular 141 sets forth several general requirements with respect to “cash loan” business, including, without limitation: (i) no organizations or individuals may conduct the lending business without obtaining approvals for the lending business; (ii) the aggregated borrowing costs of borrowers charged by institutions in the forms of interest and various fees should be annualized and subject to the limit on interest rate of private lending set forth in the Private Lending Judicial Interpretations issued by the Supreme People’s Court; (iii) all relevant institutions shall follow the “know-your-customer” principle and prudentially assess and determine the borrower’s eligibility, credit limit and cooling-off period, etc. Loans to any borrower without income sources are prohibited; and (iv) all relevant institutions shall enhance the internal risk control and prudentially use the “data-driven” risk management model. In addition, Circular 141 emphasizes several requirements on the online lending information intermediaries. For instance, such intermediaries are prohibited from facilitating any loans to students or other persons without repayment source or repayment capacity, or loans with no designated use of proceeds. Also, such intermediaries are not permitted to deduct interest, handling fee, management fee or deposit from the principal of loans provided to the borrowers in advance. Any violation of Circular 141 may result in penalties, including but not limited to suspension of operation, orders to make rectification, condemnation, disapproval of recordation, revocation of license, order to cease business operation and criminal liabilities.

 

Given that the loans we select qualified car dealerships borrowers based on their historical sales volume generated through credit card transactions using UnionPay’s system and our loans are based on real consumption scenarios with specified use, we believe they should not be deemed as “cash loans” under Circular 141, and thus our microfinancing business is not subject to the regulation of Circular 141.

 

However, as the Circular 141 has been issued fairly recently and the laws and regulations governing the online consumer finance industry in China are evolving rapidly, there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of the regulations. Accordingly, we cannot rule out the possibility that the PRC regulatory authorities may take a view that is contrary to ours and view the microfinancing business as “cash loans.” Therefore, in the event that the loans are deemed as “cash loans” under the Circular 141, we may have to significantly change our business model, which would materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 

Risks Associated with Doing Business in Southeast Asia

 

Our operations and assets in Southeast Asia are subject to significant political and economic uncertainties over which we have little or no control and may be unable to alter our business practice in time to avoid the possibility of reduced revenues.

 

Doing business in Southeast Asia subjects us to various risks including changing economic and political conditions, major work stoppages, exchange controls, currency fluctuations, armed conflicts and unexpected changes in United States and foreign laws relating to tariffs, trade restrictions, transportation regulations, foreign investments and taxation. Changes in the laws and regulations in the countries in Southeast Asia, or their interpretation, or the imposition of confiscatory taxation, restrictions on currency conversion, imports and sources of supply, devaluations of currency or the nationalization or other expropriation of private enterprises could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

We derive sales in Southeast Asia and a slowdown or other adverse developments in the Southeast Asian economy may materially and adversely affect our business.

 

Currently, our subsidiary Viagoo is based in Singapore and its revenue is derived from our operations in Singapore. We anticipate that our revenues generated in Singapore will continue to increase in the near future, as well as other regions in Southeast Asia. Accordingly, our results of operations and prospects are subject, to a significant extent, on the economic and political developments in Southeast Asia. We are subject to the risks associated with an economic slowdown or other adverse developments in such countries. Any such event could particularly harm our company if discretionary spending on health and beauty services and products in adversely impacted.

 

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Risks Relating to this Offering

 

Our common stock has a limited public trading market.

 

There is a limited established public trading marketing for our common stock, and there can be no assurance that one will ever develop. Market liquidity will depend on the perception of our operating business and any steps that our management might take to bring us to the awareness of investors. There can be no assurance given that there will be any awareness generated. Consequently, investors may not be able to liquidate their investment or liquidate it at a price that reflects the value of the business. As a result, holders of our securities may not find purchasers for our securities should they to sell securities held by them. Consequently, our securities should be purchased only by investors having no need for liquidity in their investment and who can hold our securities for an indefinite period of time.

 

We are not likely to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

 

We currently intend to retain any future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business. Accordingly, we do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future but will review this policy as circumstances dictate.

 

Our common stock may be subject now and in the future to the SEC’s “Penny Stock”.

 

We may be subject now and in the future to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules if our shares of common stock sell below $5.00 per share. Penny stocks generally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00. The penny stock rules require broker-dealers to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document prepared by the SEC which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock market. The broker-dealer must also provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account. The bid and offer quotations, and the broker-dealer and salesperson compensation information must be given to the customer orally or in writing prior to completing the transaction and must be given to the customer in writing before or with the customer’s confirmation.

 

In addition, the penny stock rules require that prior to a transaction; the broker dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction. The penny stock rules are burdensome and may reduce purchases of any offerings and reduce the trading activity for shares of our common stock. As long as our shares of common stock are subject to the penny stock rules, the holders of such shares of common stock may find it more difficult to sell their securities.

 

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The offering price for our shares of common stock may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the trading market and such market prices may be volatile.

 

The offering price for our shares of common stock will be determined by negotiations between us and the underwriter and does not bear any relationship to our earnings, book value or any other indicia of value. We cannot assure you that the market price of our shares of common stock will not decline significantly below the offering price. The financial markets in the United States and other countries have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations in the last few years. Volatility in the price of our shares of common stock may be caused by factors outside of our control and may be unrelated or disproportionate to changes in our results of operations.

 

You will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of our shares of common stock purchased.

 

The offering price of our shares of common stock is substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock. Consequently, when you purchase our shares of common stock in the offering and upon completion of the offering, you will incur immediate dilution of US$3.00 per share, based on an assumed offering price of US$4.00 per share. In addition, you may experience further dilution to the extent that additional shares of common stock are issued upon exercise of outstanding warrants or options we may grant from time to time.

 

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

 

We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our shares of common stock if the market price of our shares of common stock increases.

 

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they publish a negative report regarding our shares of common stock, the price of our shares of common stock and trading volume could decline.

 

The trading market for our shares of common stock may depend in part on the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade us, the price of our shares of common stock would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause the price of our shares of common stock and the trading volume to decline.

 

The market price of our shares of common stock may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the offering price.

 

The offering price for our shares of common stock will be determined through negotiations between the underwriter and us and may vary from the market price of our shares of common stock following our offering. If you purchase our shares of common stock in this offering, you may not be able to resell those shares at or above the offering price. The market price of our shares of common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

 

  actual or anticipated fluctuations in our revenue and other operating results;

 

  the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections or our failure to meet these projections;

 

  actions of securities analysts who initiate or maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our company or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;

 

  announcements by us or our competitors of significant products or features, technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

 

  price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market, including as a result of trends in the economy as a whole;

 

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  lawsuits threatened or filed against us; and

 

  other events or factors, including those resulting from war or incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events.

 

In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. Stock prices of many companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, stockholders have filed securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and adversely affect our business.

 

Our management has broad discretion to determine how to use the funds raised in the offering and may use them in ways that may not enhance our results of operations or the price of our shares of common stock.

 

We anticipate that we will use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and other corporate purposes. Our management will have significant discretion as to the use of the net proceeds to us from this offering and could spend the proceeds in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the market price of our shares of common stock.

 

NASDAQ may apply additional and more stringent criteria for our initial and continued listing because we plan to have a small public offering and insiders will hold a large portion of the company’s listed securities.

 

NASDAQ Listing Rule 5101 provides NASDAQ with broad discretionary authority over the initial and continued listing of securities in NASDAQ and NASDAQ may use such discretion to deny initial listing, apply additional or more stringent criteria for the initial or continued listing of particular securities, or suspend or delist particular securities based on any event, condition, or circumstance that exists or occurs that makes initial or continued listing of the securities on NASDAQ inadvisable or unwarranted in the opinion of NASDAQ, even though the securities meet all enumerated criteria for initial or continued listing on NASDAQ. In addition, NASDAQ has used its discretion to deny initial or continued listing or to apply additional and more stringent criteria in the instances, including but not limited to: (i) where the company engaged an auditor that has not been subject to an inspection by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”), an auditor that PCAOB cannot inspect, or an auditor that has not demonstrated sufficient resources, geographic reach, or experience to adequately perform the company’s audit; (ii) where the company planned a small public offering, which would result in insiders holding a large portion of the company’s listed securities. NASDAQ was concerned that the offering size was insufficient to establish the company’s initial valuation, and there would not be sufficient liquidity to support a public market for the company; and (iii) where the company did not demonstrate sufficient nexus to the U.S. capital market, including having no U.S. shareholders, operations, or members of the board of directors or management. Our public offering will be relatively small and the insiders of our Company will hold a large portion of the company’s listed securities. NASDAQ might apply the additional and more stringent criteria for our initial and continued listing, which might cause delay or even denial of our listing application.

 

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This prospectus contains forward looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, principally in the sections entitled “Description of Business,” “Risk Factors,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this prospectus, including statements regarding future events, our future financial performance, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology including “anticipates,” “believes,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “should,” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Although we do not make forward looking statements unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the risks outlined under “Risk Factors” or elsewhere in this prospectus, which may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risk factors, nor can we address the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements.

 

You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement, each of which applies only as of the date of this prospectus. Before you invest in our securities, you should be aware that the occurrence of the events described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus could negatively affect our business, operating results, financial condition and stock price. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus to conform our statements to actual results or changed expectations.

 

USE OF PROCEEDS 

 

After deducting the estimated placement discount and offering expenses payable by us, we expect to receive net proceeds of approximately $36,223,000 from this offering. The net proceeds from this offering must be remitted to China before we will be able to use the funds to grow our business.

 

We plan to use the net proceeds of this offering for working capital needs, including devoting further resources to the below use of proceeds, which may include investment in product development, sales and marketing activities, acquisition of other companies, technology infrastructure, team development, capital expenditures, improvement of corporate facilities and other general and administrative matters. The foregoing represents our current intentions based upon our present plans and business conditions to use and allocate the net proceeds of this offering. Our management, however, will have significant flexibility and discretion to apply the net proceeds of this offering. If an unforeseen event occurs or business conditions change, we may use the proceeds of this offering differently than as described in this prospectus.

 

We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering as follows after we complete the remittance process, and we have ordered the specific uses of proceeds in order of priority.

 

Description of Use   Estimated
Amount of
Net
Proceeds
 
Construction of organic fertilizer plant   $ 15,300,000  
Construction of black goat food processing plant     6,000,000  
SOX compliance expenses     500,000  
New production equipment purchase     1,500,000  
Talent acquisition and training     500,000  
Technology, research and development & ecommerce platform     6,286,600  
General working capital     6,136,400  
Total   $ 36,223,000  

 

Pending other uses, we intend to invest the proceeds to us in investment-grade, interest-bearing securities such as money market funds, certificates of deposit, or direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government, or hold as cash. We cannot predict whether the proceeds invested will yield a favorable return. Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds we receive from this offering, and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the net proceeds.

 

In using the proceeds of this offering, we are permitted under PRC laws and regulations as an offshore holding company to provide funding to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiary in China only through loans or capital contributions and to our consolidated variable interest entity only through loans, subject to the filings with government authorities and limit on the amount of capital contributions and loans. Subject to completion of applicable government filing and registration requirements, we may extend inter-company loans to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiary in China or make additional capital contributions to our wholly-foreign-owned subsidiary to fund its capital expenditures or working capital. If we provide funding to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiary through loans, the total amount of such loans may not exceed the difference between the entity’s total investment as approved by the foreign investment authorities and its registered capital. Such loans must be registered with SAFE or its local branches, which usually takes up to 20 working days to complete. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain these government registrations or approvals on a timely basis, if at all.

 

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DIVIDEND POLICY

 

We plan to retain any earnings for the foreseeable future for our operations. We have never paid any dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and such other factors as our Board of Directors deems relevant.

  

CAPITALIZATION

 

The following tables set forth our capitalization as of March 31, 2021 on a pro forma as adjusted basis giving effect to the completion of the firm commitment offering at an assumed public offering price of $4.00 per share and to reflect the application of the proceeds after deducting the estimated placement fees. You should read this table in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and “Use of Proceeds” and “Description of Securities.”

 

  On an actual basis;

 

  On a pro forma basis to give effect to the sale of the offering at an assumed public offering price of $ 4.00 per share

 

Offering (10.000,000 shares of common stock)  

U.S. Dollars

 

    As of  
    March 31, 2021  
          Pro  
    Actual     forma(1)  
Assets:            
Current Assets     22,530,263       58,753,263  
Right of use assets     1,413,598       1,413,598  
Intangible assets     4,535       4,535  
Property     6,131,848       6,131,848  
Goodwill     696,267       696,267  
Deferred tax asset     615,868       615,868  
Other Assets     20,918       20,918  
Total Assets     31,413,297       67,636,297  
                 
Liabilities:                
Current Liabilities     17,177,944       17,177,944  
Other Liabilities     1,421,257       1,421,257  
Total Liabilities     18,599,201       18,599,201  
                 
Shareholder’s Equity:                
Series A Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value, 30,000,000 shares authorized, 19,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021.     1,900       1,900  
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 38,502,954 and shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021.     3,850       4,850  
Additional paid-in capital(2)     19,933,793       56,155,793  
Accumulated deficit     (8,336,197 )     (8,336,197 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)     1,081,581       1,081,581  
Non-controlling interest     129,169       129,169  
Total shareholders’ equity     12,814,096       49,037,096  
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity     31,413,297       67,636,297  

 

(1) Gives effect to the completion of the firm commitment offering at an assumed public offering price of $4.00 per share and reflects the application of the proceeds after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and our estimated offering expenses.
   
(2) Pro forma adjusted for IPO additional paid in capital reflects the net proceeds we expect to receive, after deducting underwriting discount, underwriter expense allowance and approximately $577,000 in other expenses. In the firm commitment offering, we expect to receive net proceeds of approximately $36,223,000 ($40,000,000 offering, less underwriting discount of $2,600,000, non-accountable expense allowance of $600,000 and offering expenses of $577,000).

 

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DILUTION

 

If you invest in our shares of common stock, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the offering price per share and the pro forma net tangible book value per share after the offering. Dilution results from the fact that the per share offering price is substantially in excess of the book value per share attributable to the existing shareholders for our presently outstanding shares of common stock. Our net tangible book value attributable to shareholders at March 31, 2021 was $12,113,294 or approximately $0.25 per share. Net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2021 represents the amount of total assets less intangible assets (but includes land use right) and total liabilities, divided by the number of shares outstanding.

 

Upon the firm commitment offering is completed, we will have 48,502,954 shares of common stock outstanding upon completion of the offering. Our post offering pro forma net tangible book value, which gives effect to receipt of the net proceeds from the offering and issuance of additional shares in the offering, but does not take into consideration any other changes in our net tangible book value after March 31, 2021, will be approximately $48,336,294 or approximately $1.00 per share. This would result in dilution to investors in this offering of approximately $3.00 per share or approximately 75.1% from the assumed offering price of $4.00 per share. Net tangible book value per share would increase to the benefit of present shareholders by $0.68 per share attributable to the purchase of the shares by investors in this offering.

 

The following table sets forth the estimated net tangible book value per share after the offering and the dilution to persons purchasing shares.

 

    Firm Commitment
Offering
 
Assumed offering price per share   $         4.00  
Net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2021   $ 0.31  
Increase in net tangible book value per share after this offering   $ 0.68  
Net tangible book value per share after the offering   $ 1.00  
Dilution per share to new investors   $ 3.00  

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The information set forth in this section contains certain “forward-looking statements”, including, among others (i) expected changes in our revenue and profitability, (ii) prospective business opportunities and (iii) our strategy for financing our business. Forward-looking statements are statements other than historical information or statements of current condition. Some forward-looking statements may be identified by use of terms such as “believes”, “anticipates”, “intends” or “expects”. These forward-looking statements relate to our plans, liquidity, ability to complete financing and purchase capital expenditures, growth of our business including entering into future agreements with companies, and plans to successfully develop and obtain approval to market our product. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. Although we believe that our expectations with respect to the forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions within the bounds of our knowledge of our business and operations, in light of the risks and uncertainties inherent in all future projections, the inclusion of forward-looking statements in this prospectus should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives or plans will be achieved. We assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect actual results or changes in factors or assumptions affecting forward-looking statements. Our revenues and results of operations could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of numerous factors, including, but not limited to, the following: the risk of significant natural disaster, the inability of our company to insure against certain risks, inflationary and deflationary conditions and cycles, currency exchange rates, and changing government regulations domestically and internationally affecting our products and businesses.

 

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with the Financial Statements and Notes attached hereto, and the other financial data appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

US Dollars are denoted herein by “USD”, “$” and “dollars”.

 

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Overview

 

We primarily engage in the manufacturing and distribution of organic fertilizer and the sales of agricultural products in the PRC. Our organic fertilizer products are sold under our brand names “Zongbao,” “Fukang,” and “Muliang.”

 

Through our patented technology, we process crop straw (including corn, rice, wheat, cotton, and other crops) into high quality organic nutritious fertilizers that are easily absorbed by crops in three hours. Straws are common agricultural by-products. In PRC, farmers usually remove the straw stubble that remains after harvesting the grains, by burning them in order to continue farming on the same land. These activities have resulted in significant air pollution, and they damage the surface structure of the soil with loss of nutrients. We turn waste into treasure by transforming the straws into organic fertilizer, which also effectively reduces air pollution. The straw organic fertilizer we produce does not contain the heavy metals, antibiotics and harmful bacteria that are common in the traditional manure fertilizer. Our fertilizers also provide optimum levels of primary plant nutrients, including multi-minerals, proteins and carbohydrates that promote the healthiest soils capable of growing the healthy crops and vegetables. It can effectively reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as reduce the penetration of large chemical fertilizers and pesticides into the soil, thus avoiding water pollution. Therefore, our fertilizer can effectively improve the fertility of soil, and the quality and safety of agricultural products.

 

We generated our revenue mainly from our organic fertilizers, which accounted for approximately 95.82% and 94.5% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We currently have two integrated factories in Weihai City, Shandong Province, PRC to produce our organic fertilizers, which have been in operation since August 2015. We plan to improve the technology for our existing straw organic fertilizer production lines in the following aspects: (i) adopt more advanced automatic control technology for raw material feed to shorten the processing time of raw material, and (ii) manufacture powdered organic fertilizer instead of granular organic fertilizer production in order to avoid the drying and cooling process, as such will increase our production capacity.

 

With the focus of producing organic fertilizers, we also engage in the business of selling agriculture food products including apples, and as a sales agent for other large agriculture companies in the PRC. In 2014, we rented 350 mu (about 57.66 acres) of mountainous land as an apple orchard. The sales of apples generated less than 1% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. We expect to generate more revenues from the sales of apples as the apple orchards become more mature in the next few years.

 

In addition, we plan to engage in the processing and distribution of black goat products, with business commencing at the end of 2021. We are currently constructing a deep-processing slaughterhouse and processing plant which is expected to have the capacity of slaughtering 200,000 black goats per year in Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, in China. Our black goat processing products including goat rib lets, goat loin roast, goat loin chops, goat rack, goat leg, goat shoulder, goat leg shanks, ground goat, goat stew meat, whole goat, half goat, lamb viscera, etc. We expect to start generating revenue from the black goat products in 2021.

  

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Viagoo Solutions

 

Viagoo logistic platform aims to provide a solution for shippers to easily optimise the logistics resources by either listing their assets in the platform for other shippers to book or request the logistic services via the platform. The flexible sharing model ensures shippers and carriers to be able to get the best deals so as to reduce the cost by maximizing utilization of the unused resources.

 

Viagoo platform provides full online tracking, route optimization and capacity planning options to help the carriers efficiently manage their operations. Using Internet of Things (IOT), GPS, mobile integration, document and data integration services, Viagoo platform is able to empower shippers and carriers with an up to date digital platform to support their digital transformations. With a ready Application Programming Interface (API) to various eCommerce platforms, shippers and carriers are able to plan their digital strategies and grow their businesses.

 

Viagoo platform is built on a secured cloud environment that has been tested and approved by some key corporate users in healthcare as well as logistics sectors. With advanced technology in plan, Viagoo is seeking investments to expand the digital capability particularly in the area of Artificial Intelligence, machine learning, blockchain in transaction handling, data analytics in resource distribution and cold chain management. Also, using document automation and data integration technologies, Viagoo platform will offer value added services such as insurance on the go, vehicle lease financing, link up to rest stop, fuel, vehicle workshop services.

 

The acquisition of Viagoo Pte Ltd, a Singapore based online logistic platform, will enable the Muliang group of companies to optimize the transport logistics to lower the cost of delivery and increase the efficiency. The platform will connect truck drivers to Muliang and provide end to end tracking of delivery status. With this platform, it is expected to reduce delivery costs by 30%.

 

Viagoo platform is expected to be opened to the China market where other companies and merchants can book delivery services and transporters can sign on to list and provide their services. Development work has begun in August 2020 to provide localization and support for map and address services in China. The development and testing are expected to be completed in December 2021 and ready for launch in January 2022.

 

Viagoo Business Model

 

Viagoo business model has 3 main revenue streams.

 

Viagoo Transport Marketplace (VTM) – This is the transaction platform for shippers and carriers to list and accept delivery jobs. The platform provides sharing functions where a group of shippers can share the transport fleet to some common places (e.g. shopping malls in the city). This service will reduce the waiting time and fuels and resulting in huge cost savings.

 

  VTM provides single job and bulk orders or API connection for job posting. The fees are pre-calculated based on distance, areas, volume matric weight, type of goods, delivery options and time.

 

  Task tracking – Shippers can track the delivery status if the option for tracking is required.

 

  eWallet option – eWallet will be used for the service purpose and payment will be deducted from the eWallet stored value.

 

  Reports – Delivery reports are available for shippers to track the performance and status of the delivery operation.

 

VTM is charged to carriers based on certain percentage of the freight charges. Other add-on services like online insurance, rest stop services will be a percentage charged to the service providers.

 

Viagoo Enterprise Services (VES) - is a cloud base service that provides the operation management to support the Transport and Logistics team. With the use of the various modules, carrier’s transport management is able to greatly optimised the resources and achieve higher efficiency.

 

  Automatic Scheduling – Delivery / Invoice data will be pushed to the VES for automatic schedule to the driver via VES mobile app. The criteria of automatic scheduling are based on location, time preference, and route zoning. These criteria can be configured and fine-tuned as the business progresses.

 

  Route Optimisation – The system is able to automatically calculate the best routes based on various delivery points and constraints such as “time window”. With the route optimisation, the transport planner is able to handle new delivery addresses dynamically. Also if there is a change in delivery plans due to various unforeseen circumstances such as vehicle breakdown, customer last minute cancellation, the system is able to re-optimise quickly by pushing a button.

 

  VES Driver app - Task tracking – Once the tasks are started, they will be tracked till the jobs are completed. If e-sign is accepted, customers can sign and acknowledge the acceptance of goods using VES’ mobile sign feature built into the app or by taking a photo of the signed invoices or deliver orders (usually the last page of the document).

 

  Customer Notification – Customers will be notified via email upon the completion of the delivery. A copy of the invoice / delivery order along with the signed copies will be sent to customers (customer email list to be maintained in the system) via email.

 

  Reports – Delivery reports are available for operations managers to track the performance and status of the delivery operations.

 

  VES Temperature Sensor Tracking Services – This is an additional module for real-time tracking of temperature control (via a GPS temperature tracking device installed in the truck) trucks for the purpose of preventing food waste and ensuring food safety.

 

VES is charged based on a monthly subscription by vehicles and by users. It is integrated with VTM and jobs received via VTM can be assigned and tracked automatically by VES.

 

Enterprise Systems – This is a project based system integration. The enterprise system is charged based on project price and annual maintenance service fees. As Viagoo smart logistics platform gains acceptance in local markets, we expect business opportunities to arise for us to custom build enterprise solutions in the healthcare as well as logistics sectors. For example, Parkway Pantai Singapore is using us to custom build the online logistic job assignment and tracking of lab sample collection / delivery between clinics / hospitals and lab. This is to facilitate efficient deployment of the delivery resources and to ensure compliance is achieved in a tightly controlled fashion. 

 

On January 11, 2021, Viagoo Pte Ltd entered into a joint venture to form a new legal entity Runnerzzz Pte Ltd together with a well-established incumbent logistics company, Big Foot Logistics Pte Ltd. Big Foot holds 51% of equity stakes while Viagoo Pte Ltd holds 49% equity stakes of Runnerzzz Pte Ltd. We believe that the strategic joint venture will pave way for Viagoo to create more business opportunities in the logistics space, leveraging on the stronghold of Big Foot Logistics Pte Ltd.

 

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Recent Development

 

Impact of COVID-19

 

Started in December 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by a novel strain of the coronavirus has become widespread in China and in the rest of the world, including in each of the areas in which the Company, its suppliers and its customers operate. In order to avoid the risk of the virus spreading, the Chinese government enacted various restrictive measures, including suspending business operations and quarantines, starting from the end of January 2020. We followed the requirements of local health authorities to suspend operation and production and have employees work remotely in February and March 2020. Since April 2020, we gradually resumed production and are now operating at full capacity.

 

As a result of the COVID-19 outbreak in December 2019 and continuing in the first quarter of 2020, the Company’s businesses, results of operations, financial position and cash flows were adversely affected in 2020 with potential continuing impacts on subsequent periods, including but not limited to the material adverse impact on the Company’s revenues as result of the suspension of operations and decline in demand by the Company’s customers.

 

We are monitoring the global outbreak and spread of the novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) and taking steps in an effort to identify and mitigate the adverse impacts on, and risks to, our business (including but not limited to our employees, customers, other business partners, our manufacturing capabilities and capacity and our distribution channels) posed by its spread and the governmental and community reactions thereto. We continue to assess and update our business continuity plans in the context of this pandemic, including taking steps in an effort to help keep our workforces healthy and safe. The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices (including employee travel, employee work locations in certain cases, and cancellation of physical participation in certain meetings, events and conferences), and we expect to take further actions as may be required or recommended by government authorities or as we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers and other business partners. We are also working with our suppliers to understand the existing and future negative impacts to our supply chain and take actions in an effort to mitigate such impacts. Due to the speed with which the COVID-19 situation is developing, the global breadth of its spread and the range of governmental and community reactions thereto, there is uncertainty around its duration and ultimate impact; therefore, any negative impact on our overall financial and operating results (including without limitation our liquidity) cannot be reasonably estimated at this time, but the pandemic could lead to extended disruption of economic activity and the impact on our financial and operating results could be material. 

 

Disposal of land use right and production facility for repayment of debt

 

The Company completed its sale of industrial land and production facility in Shanghai through an administratively organized private sale on June 16, 2021. Through the sale, the Company’s subsidiary Shanghai Zongbao is able to satisfy its debt obligations due to Agricultural Bank of China and Shanghai Zhongta Construction and Engineering Co., Ltd. and improve its cash position. As a result of the sale, Agricultural Bank of China received RMB 35,632,193.36, Shanghai Zhongta Construction and Engineering Co., Ltd. received RMB 26,000,000 and Shanghai Zongbao received the remaining RMB 7,921,902.28.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. We evaluate, on an on-going basis, our estimates for reasonableness as changes occur in our business environment. We base our estimates on experience, the use of independent third-party specialists, and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

 

Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments, estimates and uncertainties, and potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. We believe the following are our critical accounting policies:

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP. The basis of accounting differs from that used in the statutory accounts of the Company, which are prepared in accordance with the accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). The differences between US GAAP and PRC GAAP have been adjusted in these consolidated financial statements. The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”).

 

Liquidity and Going Concern 

 

As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, we had net accumulated deficit of $8,336,197 and $8,596,332 as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Our cash balances as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $1,208,454 and $348,834, respectively. We had current liability of $17,177,944 and $21,161,217 at March 31,2021 and December 31, 2020 respectively, which would be due within the next 12 months. In addition, we had a working capital of $5,352,319 and $5,145,436 at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

 

As a result of the improved liquidity since last fiscal year, the Company has resolved the going concern issue.

 

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Principles of Consolidation

 

Muliang Viagoo consolidates the following entities, including wholly-owned subsidiaries, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Viagoo, and its wholly controlled variable interest entities, Muliang Industry, and Zhongbao, 60% controlled Agritech Development, 99% controlled Fukang, 65% controlled Zhonglian, 80% controlled Yunnan Muliang and 51% controlled Heilongjiang. The 40% equity interest holder of Agritech Development, 1% equity interest holders in Fukang, 35% equity interest holders in Zhonglian, 20% interest in Yunnan Muliang and 49% equity interest in Heilongjiang are accounted as non-controlling interest in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

The variable interest entities consolidated for which the Company is deemed the primary beneficiary. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Use of Estimates

 

In preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates, required by management, include the recoverability of long-lived assets and the valuation of inventories. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Accounts Receivable

 

We state accounts receivable at cost, net of allowance for doubtful accounts. Based on our past experience and current practice in the PRC, management provides for an 100% allowance for doubtful accounts equivalent to those accounts that are not collected within one year, and 50% for receivables outstanding for longer than six months. It is management’s belief that the current bad debt allowance adequately reflects an appropriate estimate based on management’s judgment.

 

Inventory Valuation

 

We value our fertilizer inventories at the lower of cost, determined on a weighted average basis, and net realizable value (the estimated market price). Substantially all inventory expenses, packaging and supplies are valued by the weighted average method.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method. Results for the reporting period beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under Topic 605.

 

Management has determined that the adoption of ASC 606 did not impact the Company’s previously reported financial statements in any prior period nor did it result in a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings.

 

Revenue for sale of products is derived from contracts with customers, which primarily include the sale of fertilizer products and environmental protection equipment. The Company’s sales arrangements do not contain variable consideration. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time based on management’s evaluation of when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied and control of the products has been transferred to the customer. For vast majority of the Company’s product sales, the performance obligations and control of the products transfer to the customer when products are delivered, and customer acceptance is made.

 

Revenue for logistics-related service is derived from Viagoo subsidiaries. Through an online service platform, the company provides the operation management service to support customers. For VTM service, revenue is charged to carriers based on certain percentage of the freight charges. For VES service, revenue is recognized based on monthly subscription by vehicles and by users. For system integration service, revenue is recognized over time based on the progress of project and annual maintenance service.

 

Pursuant to the guidance of ASC Topic 840, rent shall be reported as income by lessors over the lease term as it becomes receivable. The Company leased part of the building of the Shanghai new plant to third parties as a warehouse. The Company recognizes building leasing revenue over the beneficial period described by the agreement, as the revenue is realized or realizable and earned. 

 

The Company recognized rental income from leasing a portion of its manufacturing facility located in Shanghai to third parties. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, rental income was $54,277 and $194,663. There is no rental income occurred for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

 

34

 

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes under the provision of FASB ASC 740-10, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

 

New Accounting Standards

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 (ASU 2016-02) “Leases (Topic 842)”. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. For finance leases, a lessee is required to do the following:

 

  Recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position

 

  Recognize interest on the lease liability separately from amortization of the right-of-use asset in the statement of comprehensive income

 

  Classify repayments of the principal portion of the lease liability within financing activities and payments of interest on the lease liability and variable lease payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows.

 

For operating leases, a lessee is required to do the following:

 

  Recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position

 

  Recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term on a generally straight-line basis

 

  Classify all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows.

 

In July 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-11 (ASU 2018-11), which amends ASC 842 so that entities may elect not to recast their comparative periods in transition (the “Comparatives Under 840 Option”). ASU 2018-11 allows entities to change their date of initial application to the beginning of the period of adoption. In doing so, entities would:

 

  Apply ASC 840 in the comparative periods.

 

  Provide the disclosures required by ASC 840 for all periods that continue to be presented in accordance with ASC 840.

 

  Recognize the effects of applying ASC 842 as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings for the period of adoption.

 

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In addition, the FASB also issued a series of amendments to ASU 2016-02 that address the transition methods available and clarify the guidance for lessor costs and other aspects of the new lease standard.

 

The management has reviewed the accounting pronouncements and adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method of adoption.

 

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU provides an exception to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. This update also (1) requires an entity to recognize a franchise tax (or similar tax) that is partially based on income as an income-based tax and account for any incremental amount incurred as a non-income-based tax, (2) requires an entity to evaluate when a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the business combination in which goodwill was originally recognized for accounting purposes and when it should be considered a separate transaction, and (3) requires that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the concepts in FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting—Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impacts of ASU 2018-13 on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 – Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU provides an exception to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. This update also (1) requires an entity to recognize a franchise tax (or similar tax) that is partially based on income as an income-based tax and account for any incremental amount incurred as a non-income-based tax, (2) requires an entity to evaluate when a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the business combination in which goodwill was originally recognized for accounting purposes and when it should be considered a separate transaction, and (3) requires that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

 

The Company believes that there were no other accounting standards recently issued that had or are expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

 

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Results of Operations

 

We are principally engaged in the organic fertilizer manufacture and distribution business in the PRC, which account for 88% of our total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 96.2% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020, respectively.

 

As a result of the COVID-19 outbreak in December 2019 and continuing in the year of 2020, the Company’s businesses, results of operations, financial position and cash flows were adversely affected in 2020. Evidently, our operating scale shrank significantly over the whole year of 2020. However, the COVID-19 outbreak was under control for the three months ended March 31, 2021 in China. We are currently growing our revenue at a steady rate and anticipate continued growth in 2021.

  

Operating Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020

 

    Three Months Ended
March 31,
             
    2021     2020     Fluctuation        
    $     $     $     %  
Revenues-fertilizer     1,384,814       1,384,814       630,694       83.63 %
Revenues-logistic     184,154       -       184,154       N/A  
Revenues-agricultural products     119       84,827       (84,708 )     -99.86 %
Subtotal of revenue     1,569,087       838,947       730,140       87.03 %
Cost-fertilizer     803,229       448,264       354,965       79.19 %
Cost-logistic     97,523       -       97,523       N/A  
Cost-agricultural products     89       85,580       (85,491 )     -99.90 %
Subtotal of cost     900,841       533,844       366,997       68.75 %
Gross profit     668,246       305,103       363,143       119.02 %
Gross margin     42.59 %     36.37 %                  
Operating expenses:                                
General and administrative expenses     328,692       457,046       (128,354 )     -28.08 %
Selling expenses     71,520       7,447       64,073       860.39 %
Total operating expenses     400,212       464,493       (64,281 )     -13.84 %
Income(loss) from operations     268,034       (159,390 )     427,424       -268.16 %
Other income (expense):                                   
Interest expense     (16,838 )     (98,623 )     81,785       -82.93 %
Rent income, net     -       2,617       (2,617 )     -100.00 %
Other income (expense), net     9,308       (1,333 )     10,641       -798.27 %
Total other income (expense)     (7,530 )     (97,339 )     89,809       -92.26 %
Income before income taxes     260,504       (256,729 )     517,233       -201.47 %
Income taxes                             N/A  
Net income     260,504       (256,729 )     517,233       -201.47 %

 

Revenue

 

Total revenue for fertilizer increased from $754,120 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to $1,384,814 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, which represented an increase of $630,694, or approximately 83.63%. The increase in revenue was mainly due to the impact of COVID-19 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and the recovery from COVID-19 for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Some large customers suspended purchasing our fertilizer products during the pandemic period. And most of them have returned to normal business operation. Traditionally, we experience some seasonality in our sales. We tend to sell more fertilizer products in the second half of the year. Additionally, there has been a general recovery in the economy after the height of the pandemic. We expect to see a trend of improving sales as the pandemic moves further into the past.

 

Cost of sales

 

Cost of sales for fertilizer increased from $448,264 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to $803,229 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, which represented an increase of approximately $354,965, or 79.19%. The increase in cost of revenue for fertilizer was in line with the increase in revenue.

 

Gross profit

 

The gross profit increased from $305,856 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 $581,585 for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The gross margin on fertilizer increased from 40.56% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to 42.00% for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

 

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Expenses

 

We incurred $71,520 in selling expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $7,447 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. We incurred $328,692 in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $457,046 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Total selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $64,281, or 13.84% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020. Our selling expenses increased by $64,073 and our general and administrative expenses decreased by $128,354. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in the near future, if we successfully complete our public offering.

 

Interest income (expense)

 

We incurred $16,838 in interest expense during the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared with an interest expense of $98,623 for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

 

Net income

 

Our net income was $260,504 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared with a net loss of $256,729 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing an increase of $517,233.

 

Operating Results for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

 

    Years Ended December 31,              
    2020     2019     Fluctuation        
    $     $     $     %  
Revenues-fertilizer     10,548,324       12,178,231       (1,629,907 )     -13.38 %
Revenues-logistic     378,853       -       378,853       N/A  
Revenues-agricultural products     81,355       704,019       (622,664 )     -88.44 %
Subtotal of revenue     11,008,532       12,882,250       (1,873,718 )     -14.54 %
Cost-fertilizer     5,994,087       6,742,300       (748,213 )     -11.10 %
Cost-logistic     133,905       -       133,905       N/A  
Cost-agricultural products     120,765       803,880       (683,115 )     -84.98 %
Subtotal of cost     6,248,757       7,546,180       (1,297,423 )     -17.19 %
Gross profit     4,759,775       5,336,070       (576,295 )     -10.80 %
Gross margin     43.24 %     41.42 %                  
Operating expenses:                                
General and administrative expenses     2,677,054       1,557,906       1,119,148       71.84 %
Selling expenses     464,942       698,071       (233,129 )     -33.40 %
Total operating expenses     3,141,996       2,255,977       886,019       39.27 %
Income(loss) from operations     1,617,779       3,080,093       (1,462,314 )     -47.48 %
Other income (expense):                                   
Interest expense     (700,030 )     (452,470 )     (247,560 )     54.71 %
Subsidy income     -       143,187       (143,187 )     -100.00 %
Rent net income     6,276       60,940       (54,664 )     -89.70 %
Other income (expense), net     (339,097 )     (120,915 )     (218,182 )     180.44 %
Total other income (expense)     (1,032,851 )     (369,258 )     (663,593 )     179.71 %
Income before income taxes     584,928       2,710,835       (2,125,907 )     -78.42 %
Income taxes     (394,979 )     505,456       (900,435 )     -178.14 %
Net income     979,907       2,205,379       (1,225,472 )     -55.57 %

 

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Revenue

 

Total revenue for fertilizer decreased from $12,178,231 for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $10,548,324 for the year ended December 31, 2020, which represented a decrease of $1,629,907, or approximately 13.38%. The decrease in revenue was mainly due to the impact of COVID-19. Some large customers, such as Huizhou Sijilv Agricultural Products Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Nonggengshen Planting Cooperative, and Guangzhou Zhichangwang Planting Cooperative, suspended to purchase our fertilizer products during the pandemic period. As the economy is recovering , we expect to increase our sales significantly in the near future.

 

Cost of sales

 

Cost of sales for fertilizer decreased from $6,742,300 for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $5,994,087 for the year ended December 31, 2020, which represented a decrease of approximately $748,213, or 11.10%. The decrease in cost of revenue was in line with the decrease in revenue.

 

Gross profit

 

The gross profit for fertilizer decreased from $5,435,931 for the year ended December 31, 2019 to gross profit of $4,554,237 for the year ended December 31, 2020. The gross margin increased from 41.42% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 43.24% for the year ended December 31, 2020. The gross margin kept stable.

 

Expenses

 

We incurred $464,942 in selling expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $698,071 for the year ended December 31, 2019. We incurred $2,677,054 in general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $1,557,906 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Total selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $886,019, or 39.27% for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019. Our selling expenses decreased by $233,129 and our general and administrative expenses increased by $1,119,148. The decrease in our selling expenses was mainly due to the decrease in salaries expense, travelling expense, etc., for selling department. The increase in general and administrative expenses was due to increased professional expenses relating to our public offering for the year ended December 31, 2020. We expect our general and administrative expense to continue increase for the next year, if we successfully complete our public offering.

  

Interest income (expense)

 

We incurred $700,030 in interest expense during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared with interest expense of $452,470 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increased interest expense reflects the increased loan balance as of December 31, 2020.

 

Net Income

 

Our net income was $979,907 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared with net income of $2,205,379 for the year ended December 31, 2019, representing a decrease of $1,470,420, or 55.57%. The significant decrease in net income was mainly due to the decrease in revenue, the increase in operating expense, and lesser government subsidy income for the year ended December 31, 2020.

 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources 

 

Liquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on an ongoing basis.

 

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020

 

At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 our net current assets (working capital) was $5,352,319 and $5,145,436, respectively. We have financed our operations over the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 primarily through proceeds from net cash inflow from operations.

 

The components of cash flows are discussed below:

 

    For the Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2021     2020  
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities   $ 904,657     $ 795,742  
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities     -       -  
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities     (19,879 )     (892,590 )
Exchange rate effect on cash     (25,158 )     (953 )
Net cash inflow (outflow)   $ 859,620     $ (97,801 )

 

Cash Used in Operating Activities

 

Net cash provided by operating activities was $904,657 for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The net cash inflow consisted primarily of net income of $260,504, depreciation and amortization of $132,737, a decrease of $4,404,317 in account receivable, an increase of $354,191 in other payable, a decrease of $187,446 in prepayment, which were offset by a decrease of $4,290,253 in accounts payable and accrued payables, an increase of $18,521 in inventory.

 

Net cash provided by operating activities was $795,742 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The net cash inflow consisted primarily of a decrease of $1,006,497 in account receivable, a decrease of $84,977 in prepayment, an increase of $60,246 in advance from customers, which were offset by the net loss of $256,729, a decrease of $381,133 in account payable.

 

Cash used in Investing Activities

 

There is no cash flow in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

 

Cash Used in Financing Activities

 

Net cash used in financing activities was $19,879 for the three months ended March 31, 2021. During the period, cash used in financing activities mainly consisted of the proceeds from related parties of $16,547, and repayment of short-term loan of $36,426.

 

Net cash used in financing activities was $892,590 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. During the period, cash used in financing activities consisted of the repayment to related parties of $779,010, and repayment of short-term loan of $113,580.

 

We anticipate that our current cash reserves plus cash from our operating activities will not be sufficient to meet our ongoing obligations and fund our operations for the next twelve months. As a result, we will need to seek additional funding in the near future. We currently do not have a specific plan of how we will obtain such funding; however, we anticipate that additional funding will be in the form of equity financing from the sale of shares of our common stock or renewing our current obligations with lenders. We may also seek to obtain short-term loans from our directors or unrelated parties. Additional funding may not be available, or at acceptable terms, to us at this time. If we are unable to obtain additional financing, we may be required to reduce the scope of our business development activities, which could harm our business plans, financial condition and operating results.

 

40

 

 

For the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

 

At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 our working capital was $5,145,436 and working capital deficit was $6,213,140, respectively. The significant improvement in our working capital deficit was reflecting faster increase in our current assets, especially the significant increase in account receivable balance.

 

We have financed our operations over the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 primarily through proceeds from stock issuance and advances from related parties, and net cash inflow from operations.

 

The components of cash flows are discussed below:

 

    For the Years Ended
December 31,
 
    2020     2019  
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities   $ 1,807,790     $ 3,759,100  
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities     (75,346 )     (1,318,129 )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities     (1,368,247 )     (2,277,001 )
Exchange rate effect on cash     (119,231 )     (72,880 )
Net cash inflow (outflow)   $ 244,966     $ 91,090  

 

Cash provided by Operating Activities

 

Net cash provided by operating activities was $1,807,790 for the year ended December 31, 2020. Cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 consisted primarily of net income of $979,907, which was adjusted by depreciation and amortization of $965,296, and deferred income tax assets of $429,232. The Company had an increase of $3,974,562 in account payables, an increase of $870,166 in other payable, which were offset by an increase of $6,121,606 in accounts receivable, and an increase of $125,255 in inventory.

 

Net cash provided by operating activities was $3,759,100 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 consisted primarily of net income of $2,205,379 which was adjusted by depreciation and amortization of $1,066,196. The Company had an increase of $745,653 in account payable, a decrease of $1,161,433 in prepaid expense, an increase of $1,596,839 in other payable, which was offset by an increase of $3,744,204 in accounts receivable.

 

Cash used in Investing Activities

 

Net cash used in investing activities was $75,346 for the year ended December 31, 2020. The investment activity was payments made for construction in progress.

 

Net cash used in investing activities was $1,318,129 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The investment activity was payments made for construction in progress. 

  

Cash used in Financing Activities

 

Net cash used in financing activities was $1,368,247 for the year ended December 31, 2020. During the period, cash used in financing activities consisted of repayment of $845,807 to related party, short term loan repayment of $802,440, and proceeds from issuing common stock of $280,000.

 

Net cash used in financing activities was $2,277,001 for the year ended December 31, 2019. During the year, cash provided by financing activities included repayment to related parties of $2,434,949, and repayment of short-term loans of $149,885, which were partly offset by proceeds from third party individual of $307,833.

 

We anticipate that our current cash reserves plus cash from our operating activities will not be sufficient to meet our ongoing obligations and fund our operations for the next twelve months. As a result, we will need to seek additional funding in the near future. We are looking to obtain additional funding through equity financing in the secondary market, and/or renewing our current obligations with loaners. We may also seek to obtain short-term loans from our directors or unrelated parties. Additional funding may not be available, or at acceptable terms, to us at this time. If we are unable to obtain additional financing, we may be required to reduce the scope of our business development activities, which could harm our business plans, financial condition and operating results.

 

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Contractual Commitments and Commitments for Capital Expenditure

 

Contractual Commitments

 

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 and the effect those obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods.

 

    Payments Due by Period as of March 31, 2021  
    Total     Less than 1 Year     2 – 3 Years     4 – 5 Years     Over 5 Years  
Contractual obligations                              
Loans   $ 5,984,040     $ 4,563,377     $ 1,420,663     $     $  
Others                              
    $ 5,984,040     $ 4,563,377     $ 1,420,663     $     $  

 

    Payments Due by Period as of December 31, 2020  
    Total     Less than 1 Year     1 – 3 Years     3 – 5 Years     Over 5 Years  
Contractual obligations                              
Loans   $ 5,996,927     $ 4,571,452     $ 1,425,475     $     $  
Others                              
    $ 5,996,927     $ 4,571,452     $ 1,425,475     $     $  

 

Commitments for Capital Expenditure

 

There were no non-cancelable commitments for capital expenditure as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2021. 

 

Off Balance Sheet Items

 

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that we are required to disclose pursuant to these regulations. In the ordinary course of business, we enter into operating lease commitments, purchase commitments and other contractual obligations. These transactions are recognized in our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. 

 

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BUSINESS

 

Overview

 

We primarily engage in the manufacturing and distribution of organic fertilizer and the sales of agricultural products in the PRC. Our organic fertilizer products are sold under our brand names “Zongbao,” “Fukang,” and “Muliang.”

 

Through our patented technology, we process crop straw (including corn, rice, wheat, cotton, and other crops) into high quality organic nutritious fertilizers that are easily absorbed by crops in three hours. Straws are common agricultural by-products. In PRC, farmers usually remove the straw stubble that are remains after grains, by burning them in order to continue farming on the same land. These activities have resulted in significant air pollution, and they damage the surface structure of the soil with loss of nutrients. We turn waste into treasure by transforming the straws into organic fertilizer, which also effectively reduces air pollution. The straw organic fertilizer we produce does not contain the heavy metals, antibiotics and harmful bacteria that are common in the traditional manure fertilizer. Our fertilizers also provide optimum levels of primary plant nutrients, including multi-minerals, proteins and carbohydrates that promote the healthiest soils capable of growing the healthy crops and vegetables. It can effectively reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as reduce the penetration of large chemical fertilizers and pesticides into the soil, thus avoiding water pollution. Therefore, our fertilizer can effectively improve the fertility of soil, and the quality and safety of agricultural products.

 

We generated our revenue mainly from our organic fertilizers, which accounted for approximately 95.82% and 94.5% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We currently have two integrated factories in Weihai City, Shandong Province, PRC to produce our organic fertilizers, which have been in operation since August 2015. We plan to improve the technology for our existing straw organic fertilizer production lines in the following aspects: (i) adopt more advanced automatic control technology for raw material feed to shorten the processing time of raw material, and (ii) manufacture powdered organic fertilizer instead of granular organic fertilizer production in order to avoid the drying and cooling process, as such will increase our production capacity.

 

With the focus of producing organic fertilizers, we also engage in the business of selling agriculture food products including apples, and as a sales agent for other large agriculture companies in the PRC. In 2014, we rented 350 mu (about 57.66 acres) of mountainous land as an apple orchard. The sales of apples generated less than 1% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. We expect to generate more revenues from the sales of apples as the apple orchards become more mature in the next few years.

 

In addition, we plan to engage in the processing and distribution of black goat products, with business commencing at the end of 2021. We are currently constructing a deep-processing slaughterhouse and processing plant which is expected to have the capacity of slaughtering 200,000 black goats per year in Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, in China. Our black goat processing products will include goat rib lets, goat loin roast, goat loin chops, goat rack, goat leg, goat shoulder, goat leg shanks, ground goat meat, goat stew meat, whole goat, half goat, lamb viscera, etc. We expect to start generating revenue from the black goat products in 2021.

 

Our 42,895 square meters of industrial land and 28,549 square meters of factory and office space located in Jinshan District, Shanghai was sold to the highest bidder for RMB 74.52 Million (US$11.42 million), and the buyer’s funds have been placed in escrow administered by the court. The Court has distributed the funds to the mortgagee bank and contractor in April 2021. Our assets include (i) 22,511 square meters of industrial land and 10,373 square meters of plant area and straw organic fertilizer production line in Weihai City, Shandong Province, and (ii) more than $2 million investment of land use right and the black goat slaughtering and processing plant located in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, China.

 

As the factory area in Jinshan District, Shanghai City is too close to the urban area to produce straw organic fertilizer, some factory buildings, office buildings and spare land in Jinshan District, Shanghai City, were leased to third parties. In August, 2020, the land use right and building of this factory was listed on Taobao’s online auction platform for sale by the Shanghai Jinshan People’s Court. The sale price achieved after competitive biddings was RMB 74,515,000 (approximately $11.42 million). Based on this, we have entered into a settlement agreement with the lienholders of the property and all liens and legal claims attached to our subsidiary Shanghai Zongbao was cleared on April 3rd 2021. We plan to use the remaining sales proceeds for general working capital needs. The manufacturing base for the project of Shanghai Zongbao has already been relocated to our property in Weihai and therefore the sale of the land use rights and building facility has no material adverse impact on our operations.

 

43

 

 

Corporation History and Structure

 

The following diagram illustrates and assumes the completion of the Reorganization, including consolidation of our subsidiaries and VIEs:

 

 

 

Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd. (referred to herein as “Muliang Industry”) was incorporated in PRC on December 7, 2006 as a limited liability company, owned 95% by Lirong Wang and 5% by Zongfang Wang. Muliang Industry through its own operations and its subsidiaries is engaged in the business of developing, manufacturing and selling organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers for use in the agricultural industry.

 

On May 27, 2013, Muliang Industry entered into and consummated an equity purchase agreement whereby it acquired 99% of the outstanding equity of Weihai Fukang Bio-Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (“Fukang”), a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. Fukang was incorporated in Weihai City, Shandong Province on January 6, 2009. Fukang is focused on the distribution of organic fertilizers and the development of new bio-organic fertilizers. As a result of the completion of the transaction, Fukang became a 99% owned subsidiary of Muliang Industry, with the remaining 1% equity interest owned by Mr. Hui Song.

 

On July 11, 2013, Muliang Industry established a wholly owned subsidiary, Shanghai Muliang Viagoo Development Co., Ltd. (“Agritech Development”) in Shanghai, China. On November 6, 2013, Muliang Industry sold 40% of the outstanding equity of Agritech Development to Mr. Jianping Zhang for consideration of approximately $65,000 or RMB 400,000. Agritech Development does not currently conduct any operations.

  

On July 17, 2013, Muliang Industry entered into an equity purchase agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding equity of Shanghai Zongbao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Zongbao”) with consideration of approximately $3.2 million or RMB 20 million, effectively becoming the wholly-owned subsidiary of Muliang Industry. Shanghai Zongbao was incorporated in Shanghai on January 25, 2008. Shanghai Zongbao processes and distributes organic fertilizers. Shanghai Zongbao wholly owns Shanghai Zongbao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd. Cangzhou Branch (“Zongbao Cangzhou”).

 

On August 21, 2014, Muliang Agricultural Limited (“Muliang HK”) was incorporated in Hong Kong as an investment holding company.

 

44

 

 

On January 27, 2015, Muliang HK incorporated a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, Shanghai Mufeng Investment Consulting Co., Ltd (“Shanghai Mufeng”), in China.

 

On July 8, 2015, Mullan Agritech entered into certain stock purchase agreement with Muliang Agriculture, Inc., pursuant to which Mullan Agritech, for a consideration of $5,000, acquired 100% interest in Muliang HK and its wholly-owned subsidiary Shanghai Mufeng. Both Muliang HK and Shanghai Mufeng are controlled by the Company’s sole officer and director, Lirong Wang.

 

On July 23, 2015, Muliang Industry established a wholly owned subsidiary, Shanghai Muliang Agricultural Sales Co., Ltd. (“Muliang Sales”) in Shanghai, China.

 

On September 3, 2015, Mullan Agritech effected a split of its outstanding common stock resulting in an aggregate of 150,525,000 shares outstanding of which 120,000,000 were owned by Chenxi Shi, the founder of Mullan Agritech and its sole officer and director. The remaining 30,525,000 were held by a total of 39 investors.

 

On January 11, 2016, Mullan Agritech issued 129,475,000 shares of its common stock to Lirong Wang for an aggregate consideration of $64,737.50. On the same date, Chenxi Shi, the sole officer and director of Mullan Agritech on that date, transferred 120,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company held by him to Lirong Wang for $800 pursuant to a transfer agreement.

 

On February 10, 2016, Shanghai Mufeng entered into a set of contractual agreements known as Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) Agreements, including (1) Exclusive Technical Consulting and Service Agreement, (2) Equity Pledge Agreement, and (3) Call Option Cooperation Agreement, with Muliang Industry, and its Principal Shareholders. As a result of the Stock Purchase Agreement and the set of VIE Agreements, Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd., along with its consolidated subsidiaries, became entities controlled by Mullan Agritech, whereby Mullan Agritech would derive all substantial economic benefit generated by Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries.

 

As a result, Mullan Agritech has a direct wholly-owned subsidiary, Muliang HK and an indirectly wholly owned subsidiary Shanghai Mufeng. Through its VIE Agreements, Mullan Agritech exercises control over Muliang Industry. Muliang Industry has two wholly-owned subsidiaries (Shanghai Zongbao and Muliang Sales), one 99% owned subsidiary (Fukang), one 60% owned subsidiary (Agritech Development), and one indirectly wholly owned subsidiary Zongbao Cangzhou.

 

On June 6, 2016, Muliang Industry established a wholly-owned subsidiary, namely, Muliang (Ningling) Bio-chemical Fertilizer Co. Ltd (“Ningling Fertilizer”) in Henan Province, the central plain of China. Ningling Fertilizer is setup for a new production line of bio-chemical fertilizer and has not begun any operation yet.

  

On July 7, 2016, Muliang Industry established a subsidiary, namely, Zhonglian Huinong (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd (“Zhonglian”) in Beijing City, China. Muliang Industry owns 65% shares of Zhonglian, and a third-party company, Zhongrui Huilian (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd owns the other 35% shares. Zhonglian is to develop and operate an online agricultural products trading platform.

 

On October 27, 2016, Muliang Industry established a subsidiary, namely, Yunnan Muliang Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd (“Yunnan Muliang”) in Yunnan Province, China. Muliang Industry owns 55% shares of Yunnan Muliang, and a third-party company, Shuangbai County Development Investment Co., Ltd. owns the other 45% shares. Yunnan Muliang was setup for the sales development of West China.

 

On October 12, 2017, the Company canceled the registration of Ningling with the administration authorities for Industry and Commerce. Ningling has historically been reported as a component of our operations and incurred $33,323 to loss before income taxes provisions for the year ended December 31, 2017. The termination does not constitute a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our operations or financial results and as such, the termination is not classified as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements.

 

On June 19, 2020, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of 100% equity interest of Viagoo. Pursuant to the SEA, Muliang shall purchase from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares shall be US$2,830,800, payable in 1,011,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, valued at $2.80 per share.

 

Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Shanghai Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Yunnan Muliang, Zhonglian, and Viagoo are referred to as subsidiaries. The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”, “we” and “us”, unless specific reference is made to an entity.

 

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On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved a 5 to 1 reverse stock split of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, the change of corporate name from “Mullan Agritech Inc.” to “Muliang Viagoo Inc.”, and the creation of one hundred million (100,000,000) shares of Blank Check Preferred Stock.

 

On April 5, 2019, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the Name Change and to authorize the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock. As a result, the capital stock of the Company consists of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, and 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, $0.0001 par value. To the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, as the same now exists or may hereafter be amended or supplemented, the Board of Directors may fix and determine the designations, rights, preferences or other variations of each class or series within each class of preferred stock of the Company. The Company may issue the shares of stock for such consideration as may be fixed by the Board of Directors.

 

On April 16, 2019, we filed a Certificate of Change to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the reverse stock split. Any fractional shares are to be rounded up to whole shares. The reverse stock split does not affect the par value or the number of authorized shares of common stock of the Company.

 

The reverse stock split and the name change took effect on May 7, 2019. In connection with the name change, our stock symbol changed to “MULG”.

 

On June 26, 2020, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of the State of the State of Nevada, changing its name from “Muliang Agritech, Inc.” to “Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.”. 

 

Our Industry

 

The Status and Market Demand of Straw Organic Fertilizer Industry in China

 

Straw in China is in a large quantity, and has wide variety and broad distribution. The annual output of straw is more than 700 million tons, according to the China Industry Information Network’s report on “2017 China Straw Resource Reserves and Utilization Market Overview.” Straw contains more than 3 million tons of nitrogen, more than 700,000 tons of phosphorus and nearly 7 million tons of potassium, equivalent to more than a quarter of China’s current fertilizer amount of use and equivalent to 300 million tons of standard coal. However, nearly 100 million tons of straws are burned directly in the fields every year, which not only seriously damages the beneficial bacteria in the soil surface, but also directly leads to severe air pollution and increases the greenhouse effect. With the significant amount of production of straws in China, so long as part of the straw can be recycled every year, it will bring huge sustainable recycling resources to the fertilizer industry. On November 25, 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Environmental Protection jointly issued a notice, requiring the utilization rate of straw to exceed 85% by 2020.

 

Market demand in China for organic fertilizer is significant. According to the National Bureau of Statistics in 2019, the China national sales volume of organic fertilizers in 2018 was 133.42 million tons. According to the current policy of encouraging less use of chemical fertilizer, improving the quality of agricultural products and restoring land, it is estimated that the demand of organic fertilizers will increase to 180 million tons by 2020. At the same time, according to a governmental advocate of increasing proportion of organic fertilizer to 50% of the total use of fertilizer, the demand in China for organic fertilizer will reach more than 500 million tons by 2030.

 

The Environmental Considerations of Promoting Straw Organic Fertilizer

 

Less Air Pollution. Even if each county area builds a 100,000 tons of straw disposal factories, 100 counties in total can approximately reduce 10 million tons of straw burning, reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 15 million tons, and reduce a large number of carbon monoxide, volatile organic particles (PM), nitrogen oxides, benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other harmful gases.

 

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Less soil pollution, more environment restoration. Straw is a circulating agricultural resource and the best organic fertilizer resource, according to Baidu. Straw organic fertilizer is also the main measure to convert wasteland, tidal flat and saline-alkali land into arable land, to transform barren land into medium-low yield field and to upgrade medium-low yield field to high-quality fertile field.

 

Less water pollution. The utilization rate of traditional chemical fertilizers is generally below 30%, and 70% of the dissolved chemical fertilizers directly enter the underground water bodies and flow into rivers, resulting in eutrophication of water bodies. Increasing the application of organic fertilizer is one of the important methods to reduce water pollution.

  

The High Growth of Logistics and Last Mile Delivery Market in China

 

According to research done by Reportlinker.com (https://www.reportlinker.com/p05819554/Global-Last-Mile-Delivery-Industry.html?utm_source=GNW), the global last mile delivery market is estimated to reach USD 53.4 billion by 2027. China, the world’s second largest economy is expected to reach a market size of USD 9.3 billion by the year 2027, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.1% over the analysis period of 2020 to 2027.

 

With Muliang Viagoo’s last mile delivery platform, we are placed in a good position to aggregate the carriers and merchant’s orders, taking advantage of the route optimization and tracking technologies to drive down the cost per delivery. The platform is able to expand beyond Muliang’s business network of organic fertilizer supplies to food distribution, restaurants and eCommerce merchants.

 

Our Products

 

We are committed to ensuring the quality of our agricultural products. We aim to provide high-quality and environmentally friendly straw organic fertilizer for our customers. Our organic fertilizers are the products of natural decomposition and are easy for plants to absorb and digest. Our powder form fertilizer maximizes the survival rate of microorganisms, ensures faster nutrient absorption and increases soil improvement seed and processing productivity. While we are primarily engaged in producing organic fertilizers, we also sell agriculture food products such as apples. We generated our revenue mainly from our organic fertilizers, which constituted approximately 94.5% and 91.3%  of our total revenue for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The sales of apples generated less than 1% of our total revenue for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In addition, we engage in the processing and distribution of black goat products, with business commencing at the end of 2021. We are currently constructing a deep-processing slaughterhouse and processing plant which is expected to have the capacity of slaughtering 200,000 black goats per year in Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, in China. We expect to start generating revenue from the black goat products in 2021. The rest of our revenues for the last two fiscal years comes from the sales of agricultural foods as an intermediate sales agent for large diary companies in China such as Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., and Mengniu Dairy industry Limited.

 

Organic Fertilizer

 

Our fertilizer products are sold under our brand names “Zongbao,” “Fukang,” and “Muliang.” There are seven lines of our organic fertilizers including:

 

  Soil improvement and preparation fertilizer, which includes compound microbes, probiotics that can supplement microorganisms and trace elements of soil. It can be used as both starter fertilizer and regular fertilizer;

 

  Root protection fertilizer, which is an organic nutrient water-soluble fertilizer that can help the growth of crops’ roots;

 

  Foliar nutrition fertilizer, which is a biological growth promoter to help customers take care of the foliar of their plants;

 

  Lower pesticide residue fertilizer, which can help our customers reduce the usage of pesticide and enhance the resistance ability for plants;

 

  Fruit special fertilizer which contains enhanced nutrient availability to increase plant performance;

 

  Fruit tree fertilizer that promotes healthy roots and fruit growth and are ideal for all fruit trees and berries; and

 

  Corn and peanuts fertilizer that are specially used for corns and peanuts.

 

Our organic fertilizer contains all-purpose nutrition that can be used in the different stages of plant growth. It aims to increase soil fertility, improve soil aggregate structure, provide nutrient absorption ability for crop, improve water retention capacity and improve fertilizer utilization, thus creating a sustainable environment and healthy soil.

 

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Agricultural Products (Food)

 

While concentrating on the development of organic fertilizers, we are actively developing the agricultural food business.

 

Apple Orchard

 

In 2014, we leased 350 mu (about 57.66 acres) of mountainous land as an apple farm and, for the purpose of using our own fertilizer to demonstrate the advantages of our straw organic fertilizer. The selling of apples generated less than 1% of our total revenue for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As the apple trees become more mature, we expect to generate more revenues from the sales of apples in the future.

 

Other Agricultural products

 

We are also acting as intermediate sales agent for the agricultural products from large agricultural products companies, such as Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Mengniu Dairy industry Limited, Haitian Flavoring & Food Co., Ltd. and Hangzhou Wahaha Group, etc.

 

Future Products

 

Black Goat Processing Products

 

Currently we engage in the processing and distribution of black goat products, with business commencing at the end of 2021. We are currently constructing a deep-processing slaughterhouse and processing plant which is expected to have the capacity of slaughtering 200,000 black goats per year in Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, in China. Our black goat processing products will include goat rib lets, goat loin roast, goat loin chops, goat rack, goat leg, goat shoulder, goat leg shanks, ground goat meat, goat stew meat, whole goat, half goat, lamb viscera, etc. We expect to start generating revenue from the black goat products in 2021.

 

Forage Grass

 

We are exploring the options to use forage grass as an alternative for traditional feed for live-stocks. We currently have several research and development projects with schools and institutions. See “Research and Development” below.

 

Integration with Viagoo

 

The Viagoo business model includes the following main revenue streams. Viagoo Transport Marketplace (VTM) – This is the transaction platform for shippers and carriers to list and accept delivery jobs. The platform provides sharing functions where a group of shippers can share the transport fleet to some common places (e.g. shopping malls in the city). This service will reduce the waiting time and fuels, resulting in huge cost savings.

 

VTM provides single job and bulk orders or API connection for job posting. The fees are pre-calculated based on distance, areas, volume matric weight, types of goods, delivery options and time.

 

Task tracking – Shippers can track the delivery status if the option for tracking is required.

 

eWallet option – eWallet will be used for the service purpose and payment will be deducted from the eWallet stored value.

 

Reports – Delivery reports are available for shippers to track the performance and status of the delivery operation.

 

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VTM is charged to carriers based on certain percentage of the freight charges. Other add-on services like online insurance, rest stop services will be a percentage charged to the service providers.

 

Viagoo Enterprise Services (VES) - is a cloud based service that provides operations management to support the Transport and Logistics team. With the use of the various modules, the carrier’s transport management is able to greatly optimise its resources and achieve higher efficiency.

 

Automatic Scheduling – Delivery / Invoice data will be pushed to the VES for automatic schedule to the driver via VES mobile app. The criteria of automatic scheduling are based on location, time preference, route zoning. These criteria can be configured and fine-tuned as the business progresses.

 

  Route Optimisation – The system is able to automatically calculate the best routes based on various delivery points and constraints such as “time window”. With route optimisation, the transport planner is able to handle new delivery addresses dynamically. Also if there is a change in delivery plan due to various unforeseen circumstances such as vehicle breakdown, customer last minute cancellation, the system is able to re-optimise quickly by pushing a button.

 

  VES Driver app - Task tracking – Once the tasks are started, they will be tracked till the jobs are completed. If e-sign is accepted, customers can sign and acknowledge the acceptance of goods using VES mobile sign feature built into the app or by taking a photo of the signed invoices or deliver orders (usually the last page of the document).

 

Customer Notification – Customers will be notified via email upon the completion of the delivery. A copy of the invoice / delivery order along with the signed copies will be sent to customers (customer email list to be maintained in the system) via email.

 

  Reports – Delivery reports are available for operations managers to track the performance and status of the delivery operations.

 

  VES Temperature Sensor Tracking Services – This is an additional module for real-time tracking of temperature control (via a GPS temperature tracking device installed in the truck) trucks for the purpose of preventing food waste and ensuring food safety.

 

VES is charged based on a monthly subscription by vehicles and by users. It is integrated with VTM and jobs received via VTM can be assigned and tracked automatically by VES.

 

Enterprise Systems – This is a project based system integration. The Enterprise system is charged based on project price and annual maintenance service fees. As Viagoo smart logistics platform gains acceptance in local markets, we expect business opportunities to arise for us to custom build enterprise solutions in the healthcare as well as logistic sectors. For example, Parkway Pantai Singapore is using us to custom build the online logistic job assignment and tracking of lab sample collection / delivery between clinics / hospitals and lab. This is to facilitate efficient deployment of the delivery resources and to ensure compliance is achieved in a tightly controlled fashion.

 

Viagoo’s 1st tier technology platform, codename VES (Viagoo Enterprise System) enables onboarding customers to seamlessly embark on a digital transformation path to reduce costs and increase efficiencies with quick ROI (return of investments) and total cost of ownership (TCO). Customers using VES effectively transformed their operations digitally instantly by having full visibility and full control of operations, underpinned by logistical movements, traceability, status reporting, communications, operations planning and data analytics for key business decisions.

 

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Viagoo platform (VES) is currently used by ST Synthesis, Horme Hardware, Strategic Marketing, Parkway Pantai, Bridgestone, Skyfast, Impetus, KL Enviro, PN-I, P5, Servtouch and many others. Canon Singapore, Canon Malaysia, Ibiz (Navision ERP Vendor), Konica Minolta Singapore are new partners onboarded as resellers of Viagoo VES.

 

Viagoo has recently completed the development of the 2nd tier technology platform primarily for the “Transport Market Place Community.” Coined as VTM (Viagoo Transportation Marketplace), the purpose is to allow “trading collaboration, transportation crowd sourcing and resource sharing”. It creates a transport crowdsourcing eco-system between vested partners, stakeholders, fleet owners, retailers, online shops, transport owners in which they can co-share resources to resolve transport inadequacies and achieve a demand to supply equilibrium.

 

Transport inadequacies are caused by various reasons such as surges in delivery demand because of seasonal or festivities or simply sudden business growth. Another key pain point is where delivery trips in large countries often result in empty return trips. For long geographical distances, some one way delivery trips can log up to hundreds of kilometres but with empty return trips resulting in wastage of time, fuel and money. Empty trips can be filled up through a robust job sourcing system, by way of “jobs versus transports sourcing” via intelligent matching, an effective booking system and a payment gateway system, which now is a reality made possible through the technology cornerstone of VTM.

 

Viagoo has also just recently marked its roadmap milestone with the 3rd tier technology through the launch of “Viamove”. Soft-launched in May 2020, Viamove is the “Last mile on-demand delivery service” in Singapore using the VTM technology. This platform was a testbed amidst the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic hard hitting local economy and businesses. On the contrary, Viamove has attested to the growth potential by remaining relatively unscathed despite COVID-19’s relentless hit on many businesses.

 

Over 200 merchants and an overwhelming 300 freelance delivery agents have signed up since its launch. The testbed yielded promising results and hence Viagoo is looking at expanding into “next day and international delivery” through our delivery partners to broaden the business horizon. To enhance the business model, the team is working on two hour same day island wide delivery which is suitable for food, medical, and perishable products.

 

To solidify its partnership and brand building objectives, Viagoo is actively working with Enterprise Singapore, a local government agency, to support the efficient use of transport resources. In addition, Viagoo is partnering with the Singapore Logistics Association to support her members in promoting the online integration with local eCommerce portals to enable them to fulfil the services via Viagoo’s digital platform.

 

The strong growth of e-Commerce in the South East Asia market could exceed USD 200 billion by 2025 (https://www.temasek.com.sg/en/news-and-views/stories/future/Southeast-Asia-accelerating-internet-economy). With a population of 630 million in Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) alone, 163 million households are expected to have income capacity for discretionary spending (https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/TRS1_18.pdf). As such the need for logistics services will push for the demand for efficiency in this sector.

 

The opportunities to improve performance to better serve customers using digital platforms remain elusive to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) despite vast support from local government agencies. This is seen particularly in logistics operations in many SMEs. The shippers are finding difficulties in efficiently managing delivery and storage resources and as a result they are incurring heavy costs in maintaining these resources. Customers now expect to get shipments faster, have more flexibility, and more transparency at a lower price. B2B customers are facing far faster expectations around efficiency and performance than ever before.

 

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An inefficient delivery also results in high wastage of fuels and contributes to avoidable environmental pollution. Carriers and logistic service providers are facing similar problems in adopting digital technology as the high costs of implementing and maintaining such systems has proven to be a big challenge for stakeholders. Defining a clear digital strategy that’s integrated into business strategy is critical. Digital is still a challenge in logistics space, and there are vast opportunities to improve performance and serve customers better. In addition, logistics sectors have substantial benefits in having more consolidation. However, fragmentation, accountability, and a lack of consistency make collaboration more difficult.

 

Viagoo logistic platform aims to provide a solution for shippers to easily optimise the logistics resources by either listing their assets in the platform for other shippers to book or request the logistic services via the platform. The flexible sharing model ensures shippers and carriers are able to get the best deals so as to reduce the cost by maximising utilisation of the unused resources.

 

Our Technology and Manufacturing Process

 

We utilize our patented technologies to process crop straws into organic fertilizer.

 

Crop straws include the stems, roots, leaves, pods and vines of crops. The main ingredients are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, as well as a small amount of minerals. Straw is a crude fiber material that is waxy and lignified. The fermentation cycle is long for the straw to be processed into organic fertilizer, as it takes 15 days to 60 days for microbial action. This is a common challenge for the large-scale and timely manufacturing of straw fertilizer.

 

The crop straws will be processed into a nutrient-rich organic fertilizer in a closed container by low-pressure, medium-temperature acid hydrolysis technology (with 9-to-13-kg pressure and at 150-to-180-degree temperature). The basic principle is as follows:

 

We utilize cellulose hydrolysis, hemicellulose hydrolysis and lignin hydrolysis methods to process cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin into short-chain cellulose, polysaccharide, monosaccharide, oligomer, etc. Based on the demand for our organic fertilizers and the controlled processing conditions, on average our methods produce a mix with a majority of short-chain cellulose, some polysaccharides and a small amount of monosaccharides.

 

The straws are stored in our warehouse after compacting them in a briquetting machine. The straw compacts are easy to transfer and occupy less storage space. The straw compacts will be first crushed to 3 cm to 5 cm in length. The straws are then processed in the hydrothermal degradation tank for 2 to 3 hours. We pump steam generated by a boiler into the hydrothermal degradation tank, so that the temperature in the hydrothermal degradation tank is maintained between 150°C and 180°C and the pressure is maintained at 0.9-1.3MPa. After 2-3 hours of thermal degradation, we release the pressure to 0.2~0.4MPa. By releasing the pressure, the straws explode to the storage tank, resulting in a mechanical treatment of the explosion impinging stream, breaking the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the straw, breaking the hydrogen bonds, degrading fiber crystallization regions into an amorphous stage and degrading macromolecules into micro-molecules. After that, we add different auxiliary materials through an automatic batching system to make different organic fertilizers suitable for different crops. We then repeat a process of crushing, granulating, cooling and screening before packaging the fertilizers into products.

 

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Sales and Marketing

 

We believe that our sales services, combined with the quality and reputation of our products will help us retain and attract new customers.

 

We distribute and sell our products to our end-customers through several different channels, including professional markets and the sales department of our company and distributors:

 

  Professional Market: we built a long-term cooperation relationship with private agricultural companies and agricultural cooperative associations for sales;

 

  Sales Department: we have sixteen sales representatives with our sales department that are professionally trained to efficiently promote and deliver products to our customers;

 

  Third-party Agent and Distributors: we utilize various third-party agents and distributors to sell and distribute our products; and

 

  E-commerce: we are designing and setting up an online trading platform to sell our products, which is expected to be completed in 2020.

 

By using various channels to sell and distribute our products to customers, we can directly serve our customers and end-customers by providing customer service and support.

 

Suppliers and Customers

 

Suppliers

 

Most of our suppliers are local suppliers from Qingdao city, Shandong province. The main raw materials for organic feeds include: (i) hydrolysed crop straw, which are chemically decayed wheat straw, corn straw and other kinds of crop straw, accounting for about 54% of the total raw materials; (ii) plant ash (Potassium carbonate, K2CO3), accounting for estimated 4% of the total raw materials; and (iii) Humic acid, accounting for about 3% of the total raw materials. Other auxiliary materials include monoammonium phosphate, urea, etc.

 

The following table sets forth information as to each supplier that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s purchase for the periods presented.

 

    For the three months ended  
    March 31,  
Suppliers   2021     2020  
    Amount     %     Amount     %  
A     511,150       69 %     N/A       N/A  
B     N/A       N/A       459,247       85 %
C     134,063       18 %     N/A       N/A  

 

    For the years ended December 31,  
Suppliers   2020     2019  
    Amount     %     Amount     %  
A     2,618,036       35 %     3,357,250       54 %
B     N/A       N/A       1,649,276       26 %
C     N/A       N/A       616,587       10 %
D     725,566       10 %     N/A       N/A  

 

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Customers

 

Our customers are mainly located in provinces of Guangdong, Jilin and Shandong.

 

The following table sets forth information as to each customer that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenues for the periods presented.

 

    For the three months ended  
    March 31,  
Customer   2021     2020  
    Amount     %     Amount     %  
A     507,094       36 %     353,037       47 %
B     602,904       43 %     314,524       42 %

 

    For the years ended December 31,  
Customer   2020     2019  
    Amount     %     Amount     %  
Guangzhou Lvxing Organic Agricultural Products Co., Ltd     4,053,136       38 %     3,026,072       23 %
Huizhou Siji Green Agricultural Products Co., Ltd     N/A       N/A       2,297,573       18 %
Guangzhou Xianshangge Trading Co., Ltd     4,255,503       40 %     N/A       N/A  

 

Our Growth Strategy

 

We intend to build upon our proven ability to produce high-quality organic fertilizer and increase our presence and market share in the agriculture industry. We have begun to implement the growth strategies described below and expect to continue to do so over the several years following this offering. Although the net proceeds of this offering will be available to assist us to implement our growth strategies, we cannot estimate the ultimate amount of capital needed to achieve our expected growth. We may need additional capital to implement these strategies, particularly in the event we pursue acquisitions of complementary businesses or technologies.

 

Scale Up Production of Organic Fertilizer and Accelerate Penetration in Local and Regional Markets

 

We plan to construct a new organic fertilizer factory in Heilongjiang Province, China. We have entered into a strategic cooperation agreement with Suihua City of Heilongjiang Province to produce a total of 1 million tons of organic fertilizer. We expect to produce 70,000 tons of organic fertilizer in 2021 and the remaining within the next 5 years. In addition, we will establish warehouse and distribution center in Heilongjiang Province, which is expected to accelerate penetration in the local and regional market.

 

Increase Sources of Revenue by Expanding Our Current Business

 

We engage in the processing and distribution of black goat products, with business commencing at the end of 2021. We are currently constructing a deep-processing slaughterhouse and processing plant which is expected to have the capacity of slaughtering 200,000 black goats per year in Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, in China. We expect to start generating revenue from the black goat products in 2021. Demand for lamb in China as an alternative to pork is increasing due to growing concern on swine disease and pork quality. We plan to offer lamb and lamb products to consumers via a subscription program available on our website and mobile app in the future.

 

Continue to Invest in Research and Development and Expand Our Product Portfolio

 

We have invested significant capital in the development and improvement of our products. One of the R&D results introduced us to a type of forage grass that contains 30% more protein than other crops. We plan to work with the forage grass farmers in Xinjiang Province and to produce plant protein powder from the forage grass to be used in food and beverages in 2021.

 

Growth Strategy in Viagoo Online Smart Logistics

 

The Chinese smart logistics industry reached a total size of USD 37 billion in 2017 and is projected to reach a size of USD 135 billion by the year 2024. (https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190903005657/en/China-Smart-Logistics-Market-Report-2019-Industry)

 

As of 2018, there were 25.68 million registered trucks in China based on data shown in Statista.com. To ride on the growth trend and capitalize the emerging growth potential, Muliang Viagoo will be implementing the Viagoo Technology platform in China and targeting the China fleet owners and truck drivers.

 

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The Viagoo VTM is a very apt and synergistic logistic platform for China logistic market as it has huge geographical distance and a sheer huge population of truck drivers. They can collaborate by job listings/postings, sub listings and job bookings as a resource sharing model. Muliang Viagoo can potentially extend to seek further value added revenue streams deriving from examples of insurance and soliciting job bookings.

 

The mitigation of empty return trips for the trucks drivers and fleet operators is a key impetus and an enticement to join and onboard the VTM platform for costs reductions and added revenues. In tandem, the onboarding of the customers’ side notwithstanding retailers, malls, ecommerce (the shippers) who are the source of demand generation whereas the truck drivers and fleet owners (the carriers) are the fulfilment of demand, hence forming the sought after business equilibrium.

 

With Muliang Viagoo’s connections to farms, malls, logistics service providers in conjunction with VTM platform, we are well poised to pave way to gain quicker inroads into China logistic markets to seek business growth as planned.

 

As for South East Asia, third party logistics market accounted for US$ 36.4 billion in 2017 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.5% over the forecast period 2018-2025, to account for US$ 55.7 billion in 2025. Viagoo platform is well positioned in the regional technology hub of ASEAN and we are targeting to have a strong growth in these markets.

 

In China, we plan to adopt a three phases approach. In phase 1, the platform will be opened to Muliang’s businesses and business partners. The platform will enable participating merchants to take advantage of Viagoo’s digital technology to improve efficiency and lower costs. We plan to onboard truck drivers to the platform to list their services. To entice the drivers to join, we plan to partner with local insurance and finance companies to offer discounts in insurance coverage and truck leasing.

 

In phase 2, we plan to use data analytics technology to provide forecasts on supply and demand across provinces and delivery locations. With the improved data, the platform services is expected to expand the market coverage to other cities and provinces. We plan to deploy blockchain technology to enhance data and transaction security. Using a distributed ledger, the data is protected and transparent between the respective stakeholders.

 

In phase 3, we plan to expand the partner network to include other supportive merchants to offer their services at the key rest stops across the strategic locations.

 

Outside China, we plan to work with joint venture partners in target countries to establish our platform services. This is to ensure a quick deployment of the services and reduce the political and cultural differences. The target countries include Malaysia, Hong Kong SAR, and Indonesia.

 

We also plan to look at introducing specialised services such as medicine delivery linking to hospital and clinical systems for on demand dispensing.

 

Competitive Advantages

 

Competitive Advantages of Our Technology

 

  Quick disposal: straw can be disposed into powder in three hours.

 

  Continuous operation: the production line is formed with connecting hydrolysis tanks, which allows the full use of steam heat and continuous charging, hydrolysis and discharge.

 

  Environmental protection: all the disposal devices are closed containers and pipelines to avoid gas and material leakage.

 

  High fertilizer efficiency: the organic fertilizer matrix after straw disposal has a higher content of organic matter than the compost products of livestock and poultry manure, and it has a comprehensive organic nutritional composition. It also avoids pesticide, insect pest returning to the field, excessive loose soil and the hidden trouble of fermenting and burning seedlings in the field.

  

  Less space: 80,000 tons of straw disposal plant only need 6.6 – 8.2 acres of land.

 

  Strong replicability: our technology and production line can be replicated in different countries.

 

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Competitive Advantage of Our Products

 

  Quality Advantage. Compared with the traditional compost manure fermented fertilizer, our product has a high concentration of organic matter and small molecular organic nutrients that can be directly absorbed by crops rich in fulvic acid, polysaccharides and monosaccharides. The effectiveness of our product is 50% higher than the same amount of conventional organic fertilizer.

 

  Safety advantage. Compared with traditional livestock and poultry manure composting fermented fertilizer, our product generates less residue of heavy metals, antibiotics, toxic and harmful bacteria, avoids the pollution of soil, and ensures the quality and safety of agricultural products.

 

Competitive Advantage of Muliang Viagoo Logistic Platform

 

  Integrated Productivity Improvement Functions. Viagoo platform is providing integrated options such as route planning and scheduling, optimization, real-time delivery tracking for carriers and logistic service providers to improve the efficiency and enhance their digital capability to improve the performance. As a result, competitive advantage is achieved through cost reduction and higher efficiency.

 

  Open Connectivity via Application Programming Interface (API). Competitors usually require their service partners to use their system and hence it may be a barrier for those companies who are unwilling to comply. Muliang’s Viagoo platform provides API for merchant’s jobs to be pushed to the platform and delivery jobs be assigned intelligently to the carriers.
     
  Internet of Thing (IOT) Services. The use of IOT in the platform to expand the type of services especially those requiring strict process compliance such as cold-chain management and access security is a unique feature in which the competitors are not able to replicate easily.
     
  Enterprise Transport Management Functions. Muliang’s Viagoo platform provides full online tracking, route optimization and capacity planning options to help the carriers to efficiently manage their operation. Using Internet of Things (IOT), GPS, mobile integration, document and data integration services, the platform is able to empower shippers and carriers with up to date technology to support their digital transformation.

  

Research and Development

 

Forage Grass Production Capacity

 

In July 2014, we entered into a Technology Transfer Agreement and a Consulting Agreement with the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in connection with forage grass. We seek to increase the production capacity of forage grass through this collaboration.

 

Food Product Development

 

In October 2015, we entered into a Food Development Agreement with Shanghai Food Science and Technology School. The goal of this project is to explore the technology and product application of forage grass seeds for plant protein, dietary fiber and food and beverage.

 

Animal Waste Disposal

  

In January 2019, we entered into a Technology Development Agreement with Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences to research ways to dispose and utilize animal waste from our black goat slaughtering and processing plant. We aim to minimize environmental impact and avoid any water pollution.

 

Intellectual Property

 

We rely on certain intellectual property to protect our domestic business interests and ensure our competitive position in our industry.

 

We have 12 patents and 5 registered trademarks in China on sludge and straw technology, and we are a pilot company of technology in Jinshan District, Shanghai. Among the patents we now own, “microwave induced catalytic hydrolysis treatment sludge” was reviewed by Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Technology Chaxin Consulting Centre (the “Centre”) (report no. 200921C0703709, 200821C0701507). According to the review by the Centre, there is no public report of the same kind of research, and therefore, the project is innovative and is advanced at the international level.

 

NEXG Pte Ltd has trademark FleetnexG in February 2016 in Singapore (Publication (040201521235Y). Viagoo is planning to register the trademark of Viagoo’s technology in 2021 in Singapore and China.

 

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Patents

 

We own the following patents through our subsidiaries and/or VIE entities:

 

No.     Patent Name   Patent Number   Certificate Number
1     Pressure relief material discharge and storage device   ZL2009200705204   130427
2     Chemical catalytic hydrolysis tank   ZL2009200705219   1370181
3     Material storage bin with crusher   ZL2009200706156   1370214
4     Pneumatic check valve type tank cap   ZL2009200706160   1370180
5     Regenerative heat exchanger   ZL2009200705223   1419186
6     Method for preparing novel material by catalyzing and hydrolyzing mud through microwave inducing   ZL2008100346358   814191
7     Method for removing heavy metals from activated sludge   ZL2009100494481   1224500
8     Method for comprehensively treating grating garbage and activated sludge in sewage plant   ZL2009100494462   1276553
9     Method for preparing water soluble quick-acting organic fertilizer from activated sludge   ZL2009100494458   1311657
10     Mechanical force chemical treating method for organic solid wastes   ZL2009100494477   1372950
11     Method for preparing fuel oil by activated sludge in pipe bundle cracking furnace   ZL2011100405076   1513772
12     Method for directly flashing treated water into superheated steam and application   ZL2011100405127  

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Trademarks

 

We own several trademarks through our subsidiaries and/or VIE entities, including Muliang, Zongbao, Xiutubao, Vijifeng, Jingletu, and Huangdicao. Muliang and Zongbao are our company’s brand names.

 

Our Property, Plant and Equipment

 

Our principal executive office is located at 2498 Wanfeng Highway, Lane 181, Fengjing Town, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China, and our telephone number is (86) 21-67355092. The office space belongs to our President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Lirong Wang, who allows us to use the space for free.

 

Property, plant and equipment at March 31, 2021, December 31, 2020 and 2019 consisted of:

 

    March 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019  
Building   $ 2,944,267     $ 2,949,493     $ 12,715,941  
Operating equipment     2,753,443       2,758,704       2,785,557  
Vehicle     86,674       86,828       81,552  
Office equipment     26,805       26,783       20,762  
Apple Orchard     1,041,377       1,041,377       789,344  
Construction in progress     1,895,993       1,829,057       1,709,144  
      8,748,559       8,692,242       18,102,300  
Less: Accumulated depreciation     (2,616,711 )     (2,425,499 )     (3,008,220 )
    $ 6,131,848     $ 6,266,743     $ 15,094,080  

 

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Our Employees

 

As of the date of this prospectus, we have 135 full-time employees. The following table sets forth the number of our employees by function:

 

Functional Area   Number of Employees  
Senior management     16  
Sales, Technical and Procurement     26  
IT Development & Solutions     11  
Accounting     5  
Human resources and administrative personnel     7  
Warehouse     5  
Factory     65  
Total     135  

 

We provide social insurance for each employee in accordance with Chinese law, including pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, work injury insurance and maternity insurance and housing provident fund.

 

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Legal Proceedings

 

Except for those set forth below, currently there are no legal proceedings pending or threatened against the Company. However, from time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise.

 

There were two civil proceedings, including: (1) default over a loan agreement between Shanghai Zongbao and Agricultural Bank of China Jinshan Subbranch, the judgment for which has become effective since January 14th, 2019; and (2) default over a construction contract between Shanghai Zongbao and Shanghai Zhongta Construction and Engineering Co., Ltd., as to which both parties reached a mediation agreement through the mediation procedure held by the court. The cause for both cases is that the established project of organic fertilizer production could not be continued due to the change of business focus of the industrial park in which the company is located to food, machinery and new energy industries. This caused defaults with both aforementioned parties. The relevant land and production building were mortgaged to Agricultural Bank of China, and Shanghai Zongbao and Shanghai Zhongta Construction and Engineering Co., Ltd., with the understanding that the value of the assets will be sufficient to cover the debts under these two cases. Both the Agriculture Bank of China (“ABC”) and Shanghai Zongbao agreed to allow Shanghai Jinshan People’s Court to list the asset on Taobao’s online auction platform for sale. The final sale price achieved was RMB 74,515,000 (approximately $10.8 million), and we entered into a settlement agreement with ABC for the settlement of the remaining balance of RMB 29,900,000 (approximately $4.3 million) thereafter. As a result of the settlement, Agricultural Bank of China received RMB 35,632,193.36, Shanghai Zhongta Construction and Engineering Co., Ltd. received RMB 26,000,000 and Shanghai Zongbao received the remaining RMB 7,921,902.28. The outstanding defaults were satisfied on April 3, 2021 and we received the remaining proceeds on June 16, 2021. We believe the sales proceeds will improve Company’s cash position and plan to use the remaining sales proceeds for general working capital needs. The manufacturing base for the project of Shanghai Zongbao has already been relocated and therefore the sale of the land use rights and building facility have no material adverse impact on our operations.

 

Shanghai Aoke Chemicals Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Aoke”) placed with Shanghai Nai Sheng Kalan Industrial Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Nai Sheng”) an equipment procurement order of RMB 25 million (approximately US$3.84M) in 2013. Due to a product defect issue at the fault of Shanghai Nai Sheng, Shanghai Aoke suspended payments to Shanghai Nai Sheng, and RMB 2.94 million remains to be paid to Shanghai Nai Sheng as of September 2017, guaranteed by Shanghai Zongbao. In August 2020, Shanghai Nai Sheng commenced a legal proceeding against Shanghai Aoke in the Jinshan District People’s Court for the payment of the balance of the purchase order, concurrently enjoining Zongbao as the guarantor. When Shanghai Nai Sheng eventually brought the legal action against Shanghai Aoke, the total amount owed had been reduced from RMB 2.94 million to RMB 1.21 Million (approximately US$184,000) based on payments made between September 2017 and August 2020. To our knowledge, the reduced figure was confirmed by all parties in a court mediation on December 3, 2020, and a settlement was reached pursuant to which all amounts due shall be paid by June 30, 2021.

 

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PRC Regulations

 

Our operation in China is subject to a number of PRC laws and regulations. This section summarizes all material PRC laws and regulations relevant to our business and operations in China and the key provisions of such regulations.

 

Fertilizer License

 

The examination and approval of fertilizer license is based on Article 25 of the Agricultural Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Management for the Administration of Fertilizer Registration (Order No. 32 and No. 38 by the Ministry of Agriculture), and the Requirements for Fertilizer Registration Materials (Publication No. 161 from the Ministry of Agriculture). Organic fertilizers are required to be registered with provincial agricultural department.

 

There are four examination and approval requirements for obtaining a fertilizer license (1) A valid business license issued by Administration for Industry and Commerce, whose business scope shall cover the industry of fertilizer; (2) Products must comply with the relevant requirements of laws, regulations and relevant national policies (such as safety and environmental protection); (3) The product quality must comply with national standards, industry standards, local standards or enterprise standards approved by the quality supervision department; and (4) The application materials must be true, legal, complete and effective.

 

All of our fertilizer products currently have valid five-year fertilizer licenses that are renewable upon the expiration date in the year of 2022.

 

Corporate Laws and Industry Catalogue Relating to Foreign Investment

 

The establishment, operation and management of corporate entities in China are governed by the Company Law of the PRC, or the Company Law, effective in 1994, as amended in 1999, 2004, and 2005, respectively. The Company Law is applicable to our PRC subsidiaries and affiliated PRC entity unless the PRC laws on foreign investment have stipulated otherwise.

 

The establishment, approval, registered capital requirement and day-to-day operational matters of wholly foreign-owned enterprises (“WFOE”), are regulated by the WFOE Law of the PRC effective in 1986, as amended in 2000, and the Implementation Rules of the WFOE Law of the PRC effective in 1990, as amended in 2001.

 

Investment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are principally governed by the Guidance Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment, or the Catalogue, which was promulgated and is amended from time to time by the Ministry of Commerce and the National Development and Reform Commission. The Catalogue divides industries into three categories: encouraged, restricted and prohibited. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unless specifically restricted by other PRC regulations.

 

Establishment of WFOEs is generally permitted in encouraged industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are required to hold the majority interests in such joint ventures.

 

For example, sales and distribution of audio and video products are among the restricted categories, and only contractual joint ventures in which Chinese partners holding majority interests can engage in the distribution of audio and video products in China.

 

In addition, restricted category projects are also subject to higher-level government approvals. Foreign investors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category.

 

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Regulations Relating to Taxation

 

In January 2008, the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law (The “EIT” Law) took effect. The EIT applies a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate to both foreign-invested enterprises and domestic enterprises, unless where tax incentives are granted to special industries and projects. Under the EIT Law and its implementation regulations, dividends generated from the business of a PRC subsidiary after January 1, 2008 and payable to its foreign investor may be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% if the PRC tax authorities determine that the foreign investor is a non-resident enterprise, unless there is a tax treaty with China that provides for a preferential withholding tax rate. Distributions of earnings generated before January 1, 2008 are exempt from PRC withholding tax.

 

Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside China with “de facto management bodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes and is generally subject to a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate on its worldwide income. A circular issued by the State Administration of Taxation in April 2009 regarding the standards used to classify certain Chinese-invested enterprises controlled by Chinese enterprises or Chinese enterprise groups and established outside of China as “resident enterprises” clarified that dividends and other income paid by such PRC “resident enterprises” will be considered PRC-source income and subject to PRC withholding tax, currently at a rate of 10%, when paid to non-PRC enterprise shareholders. This circular also subjects such PRC “resident enterprises” to various reporting requirements with the PRC tax authorities.

 

Under the implementation regulations to the EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that has material and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel and human resources, finances and properties of an enterprise. In addition, the tax circular mentioned above specifies that certain PRC-invested overseas enterprises controlled by a Chinese enterprise or a Chinese enterprise group in the PRC will be classified as PRC resident enterprises if the following are located or residence in the PRC: senior management personnel and departments that are responsible for daily production, operation and management; financial and personnel decision making bodies; key properties, accounting books, the company seal and minutes of board meetings and shareholders’ meetings; and half or more of the senior management or directors having voting rights.

 

Regulations Relating to Foreign Exchange

 

Pursuant to the Regulations on the Administration of Foreign Exchange issued by the State Council and effective in 1996, as amended in January 1997 and August 2008, current account transactions, such as sale or purchase of goods, are not subject to PRC governmental control or restrictions. Certain organizations in the PRC, including foreign-invested enterprises, may purchase, sell, and/or remit foreign currencies at certain banks authorized to conduct foreign exchange business upon providing valid commercial documents. Approval of the PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”), however, is required for capital account transactions.

 

In August 2008, SAFE issued a circular on the conversion of foreign currency into Renminbi by a foreign-invested company that regulates how the converted Renminbi may be used. The circular requires that the registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise converted into Renminbi from foreign currencies may only be utilized for purposes within its business scope. For example, such converted amounts may not be used for investments in or acquisitions of other PRC companies, unless specifically provided otherwise, which can inhibit the ability of companies to consummate such transactions. In addition, SAFE strengthened its oversight of the flow and use of the Renminbi registered capital of foreign-invested enterprises converted from foreign currencies. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval, and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans if the proceeds of such loans have not been utilized. Violations may result in severe penalties, such as heavy fines.

 

Regulations Relating to Labor

 

Pursuant to the PRC Labor Law effective in 1995 and the PRC Labor Contract Law effective in 2008, a written labor contract is required when an employment relationship is established between an employer and an employee. Other labor-related regulations and rules of the PRC stipulate the maximum number of working hours per day and per week as well as the minimum wages. An employer is required to set up occupational safety and sanitation systems, implement the national occupational safety and sanitation rules and standards, educate employees on occupational safety and sanitation, prevent accidents at work and reduce occupational hazards.

 

In the PRC, workers dispatched by an employment agency are normally engaged in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. Pursuant to the PRC Labor Contract Law, an employment agency is the employer for workers dispatched by it, and it must perform an employer’s obligations toward them. The employment contract between the employment agency and the dispatched workers, and the placement agreement between the employment agency and the company that receives the dispatched workers must be in writing. Also, the company that accepts the dispatched workers must bear joint and several liabilities for any violation of the Labor Contract Law by the employment agencies arising from their contracts with dispatched workers. An employer is obligated to sign an indefinite term labor contract with an employee if the employer continues to employ the employee after two consecutive fixed-term labor contracts. The employer also has to pay compensation to the employee if the employer terminates an indefinite term labor contract. Except where the employer proposes to renew a labor contract by maintaining or raising the conditions of the labor contract and the employee is not agreeable to the renewal, an employer is required to compensate the employee when a definite term labor contract expires. Furthermore, under the Regulations on Paid Annual Leave for Employees issued by the State Council in December 2007 and effective as of January 2008, employees who have served an employer for more than one (1) year and less than ten years are entitled to a 5-day paid vacation, those whose service period ranges from 10 to 20 years are entitled to a 10-day paid vacation, and those who have served for more than 20 years are entitled to a 15-day paid vacation. An employee who does not use such vacation time at the request of the employer shall be compensated at three times their normal salaries for each waived vacation day.

 

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Pursuant to the Regulations on Occupational Injury Insurance effective in 2004 and the Interim Measures concerning the Maternity Insurance for Enterprise Employees effective in 1995, PRC companies must pay occupational injury insurance premiums and maternity insurance premiums for their employees. Pursuant to the Interim Regulations on the Collection and Payment of Social Insurance Premiums effective in 1999 and the Interim Measures concerning the Administration of the Registration of Social Insurance effective in 1999, basic pension insurance, medical insurance, and unemployment insurance are collectively referred to as social insurance. Both PRC companies and their employees are required to contribute to the social insurance plans. Pursuant to the Regulations on the Administration of Housing Fund effective in 1999, as amended in 2002, PRC companies must register with applicable housing fund management centers and establish a special housing fund account in an entrusted bank. Both PRC companies and their employees are required to contribute to the housing funds.

 

Regulations on Dividend Distribution

 

Wholly foreign-owned companies in the PRC may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits after tax as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards. Remittance of dividends by a wholly foreign-owned enterprise out of China is subject to examination by the banks designated by SAFE. Wholly foreign-owned companies may not pay dividends unless they set aside at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits after tax each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds, until such time as the accumulative amount of such fund reaches 50% of the wholly foreign-owned company’s registered capital. In addition, these companies also may allocate a portion of their after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to staff welfare and bonus funds at their discretion. These reserve funds and staff welfare and bonus funds are not distributable as cash dividends.

 

Safe Regulations on Offshore Special Purpose Companies Held by PRC Residents or Citizens

 

Pursuant to the Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for PRC Residents to Engage in Financing and Inbound Investment via Overseas Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular No. 75, issued in October 2005 by SAFE and its supplemental notices, PRC citizens or residents are required to register with SAFE or its local branch in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas equity financing involving a roundtrip investment whereby the offshore entity acquires or controls onshore assets or equity interests held by the PRC citizens or residents. In addition, such PRC citizens or residents must update their SAFE registrations when the offshore special purpose vehicle undergoes material events relating to increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, mergers or divisions, long-term equity or debt investments, external guarantees or other material events that do not involve roundtrip investments. Subsequent regulations further clarified that PRC subsidiaries of an offshore company governed by the SAFE regulations are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations in a timely manner by the offshore holding company’s shareholders who are PRC citizens or residents. If these shareholders fail to comply, the PRC subsidiaries are required to report to the local SAFE branches. If the shareholders of the offshore holding company who are PRC citizens or residents do not complete their registration with the local SAFE branches, the PRC subsidiaries may be prohibited from distributing their profits and proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation to the offshore company, and the offshore company may be restricted in its ability to contribute additional capital to its PRC subsidiaries. Moreover, failure to comply with the SAFE registration and amendment requirements described above could result in liability under PRC law for evasion of applicable foreign exchange restrictions.

 

M&A Rules

 

On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”), promulgated a rule entitled Provisions Regarding Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (“the M&A Rules”) to regulate foreign investment in PRC domestic enterprises. The M&A rules, among other things, requires an overseas special purpose vehicle (“SPV”), formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC companies or individuals, to obtain the approval of CSRC prior to publicly listing their securities on an overseas stock exchange. There remains some uncertainty as to how this regulation will be interpreted or implemented in the context of an overseas offering. If the CSRC or another PRC regulatory agency subsequently determines that approval is required for this offering, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or another PRC regulatory agency.

 

The M&A Rules also establish procedures and requirements that could make some acquisitions of Chinese companies by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances that the Ministry of Commerce be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a Chinese domestic enterprise.

 

SAFE Regulations on Employee Share Options

 

On March 28, 2007, SAFE promulgated the Application Procedure of Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Employee Share Holding Plan or Share Option Plan of Overseas Listed Company, or the Share Option Rule. Pursuant to the Share Option Rule, Chinese citizens who are granted share options by an overseas publicly listed company are required to register with SAFE through a Chinese agent or Chinese subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company and complete certain other procedures. Our PRC employees who have been granted share options will be subject to these regulations. Failure of our PRC share option holders to complete their SAFE registrations may subject these PRC employees to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us.

 

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MANAGEMENT

 

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

 

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our directors, executive officers and significant employees:

 

Name   Age   Position
Lirong Wang   48   Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board
Shaw Cheng “David” Chong   59   Chief Financial Officer
Nunissait Tjandra   59   Director
Scott Silverman*(1)(2)(3)   54   Independent Director Nominee; Chair of Audit Committee
Vick Bathija*(1)(2)(3)   35   Independent Director Nominee; Chair of Compensation Committee
Guofu Zhang*(1)(2)(3)   41   Independent Director Nominee; Chair of Nomination Committee

 

  * The individual consents to be in such position upon Company’s listing on the Nasdaq Stock Market.

 

  (1) Member nominees of the Audit Committee

 

  (2) Member nominees of the Compensation Committee

 

  (3) Member nominees of the Nominating Committee

 

Lirong Wang has been the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board since January 11, 2016. Mr. Wang has also been the Chairman and CEO of Shanghai Muliang Industries Co., Ltd. since December 2006. From November 2002 to November 2006, Mr. Wang was general manager of Shanghai Aoke Chemical Products Co., Ltd. Mr. Wang received his bachelor’s degree in storage management from Harbin University of Commerce in 1996.

 

Shaw Cheng “David” Chong has over 30 years working experience in medium and large private and publicly listed manufacturing companies. Familiar with navigating China, US, Europe, Singapore and other capital markets, his expertise includes international financial management, operations, auditing, funding, business development, internal control maintenance, corporate governance and investor relations. He has qualifications in professional accountancy studies from ACCA (the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants). Mr. Chong was China Financial Controller for Amtek Engineering Ltd (SGX: Amtek Engineering) from 1991 to 2006. From 2007 to 2010 he was Strategic Advisor to both Yan Zhi Hong Shoe Manufacturer Ltd as well as China Recycling Energy Corporation (Nasdaq: CREG), and later in 2010 he became CREG’s Investor Relationship Director prior to assuming the role of Chief Financial Officer from 2011 to 2015, and reverting to Strategic Advisor until May 2016. From May 2015 to March 2019, Mr. Chong served as the Managing Director (Asia) of Hover Energy LLC, and concurrently from March 2016 to December 2016, he acted as Treasurer and Interim President of Nutrastar International. Mr. Chong became board advisor to NexG Ptd Ltd. in November 2016 and was subsequently appointed as Chief Financial Officer of NexG in January 2017 until April 2018, and Chief Financial Officer of Qourier from April 2018 to December 2019.

 

Nunissait Tjandra has over 30 years of working experience as a manager in various technology companies. Mr. Tjandra was a System Manager of Microcraft Computer and Engineering Pte Ltd. from 1989 to 1992. From 1993 to 1997, he served as the Technical Marketing Manager of Canon Singapore Pte Ltd., where he led a team of support and marketing staffs to plan, manage and execute the digital line of products under the company. He also served as a Director of ECPOD Pte ltd from 1997 to 2003. Mr. Tjandra has been a Director and Co-Founder of TPS Asia Pacific Pte Ltd (renamed as nexG Pte Ltd), a Director and Co-founder of TPS Solutions Hong Kong Limited, and the CEO and Co-founder of Viagoo Pte Ltd., where he manages and executes the company business and operation strategies of the company. Mr. Tjandra obtained his bachelor’s degree in Science from National University of Singapore.

 

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Scott Silverman has over 25 years of business success on national and international levels, with a highly diverse knowledge of financial, legal and operations management; public company management, accounting and SEC regulations. Mr. Silverman specializes in establishing and streamlining back-office policies and procedures and implementing sound financial management and internal controls necessary for enterprise growth and scalability. Mr. Silverman is currently a partner and CFO of VC Capital Holdings, a diversified PE firm with portfolio investments in hospitality, healthcare and construction and engineering. Mr. Silverman has orchestrated investor exits for multiple companies, including direct participation in taking 7 companies public. He has also assisted in raising over $35 million for client companies, both public and private. He has a bachelor’s degree in finance from George Washington University and a Master’s degree in accounting from NOVA Southeastern University. We believe Mr. Silverman would be a qualified independent director due to his public company experience.

 

Vick Bathija has worked on many complex engagements ranging from audits, tax and consulting. He began his career at Holtz Rubenstein, now known as Baker Tilly. He was in the audit/tax department where he grew into a senior role overseeing mid cap companies from an audit and tax standpoint. After over 2 years at Ernst & Young, he started his own practice, Commerce CPA, LLC. He has advised and service several hundred clients ranging from startups to established companies. He has consulted and conducted audits for companies looking to raise money in accordance with SEC regulations. He received a BBA in Accounting and a Masters in Taxation from Hofstra University. We believe Mr. Bathija would be a qualified independent director due to his accounting and GAAP reporting expertise.

 

Guofu Zhang has served as Chief Financial Officer of AGM Group Holdings Inc. (Nasdaq: AGMH) since the inception of the company. He was a senior accounting consultant at China Customer Relations Centers, Inc. (Nasdaq: CCRC) from 2013 to 2015. Mr. Zhang earned his bachelor’s degree in accounting from Renmin University of China. He is experienced in financial analysis, auditing, and accounting internal control. He also has experience with IPOs when he helped both AGMH and CCRC list on NASDAQ in April 2018 and December 2015, respectively. We believe Mr. Zhang would be a qualified independent director due to his public company accounting experience.

 

Term of Office

 

Our directors are appointed for a one-year term to hold office until the next annual general meeting of our shareholders or until removed from office in accordance with our bylaws. Our officers are appointed by our board of directors and hold office until removed by the board.

 

Family Relationships

 

There are no family relationships between any of our directors or executive officers.

 

Certain Legal Proceedings

 

To our knowledge, no director, nominee for director or executive officer of the Company has been a party in any legal proceeding material to an evaluation of his ability or integrity during the past ten years.

 

Code of Ethics

 

The company has not adopted a Code of Ethics applicable to its Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer.

 

Corporate Governance

 

The business and affairs of the company are managed under the direction of our board. In addition to the contact information in this prospectus, each stockholder will be given specific information on how he/she can direct communications to the officers and directors of the corporation at our annual stockholders meetings. All communications from stockholders are relayed to the members of the board of directors.

 

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Board Committees

 

We plan to establish three committees under the board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of the three committees. Copy of our committee charters are to be posted on our corporate investor relations website prior to our listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

 

Each committee’s members and functions are described below.

 

Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee will consist of Vick Bathija, Scott Silverman and Guofu Zhang. Mr. Bathija will be the chairman of our audit committee. We have determined that these directors satisfy the “independence” requirements of NASDAQ Rule 5605 and Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Bathija qualifies as an audit committee financial expert and has the accounting or financial management expertise as required under Item 407(d)(5)(ii) and (iii) of Regulation S-K. The audit committee will oversee our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee will be responsible for, among other things:

  

  appointing the independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent auditors;

 

  reviewing with the independent auditors any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response;

 

  discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent auditors;

 

  reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our accounting and internal control policies and procedures and any steps taken to monitor and control major financial risk exposures;

 

  reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;

 

  meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent auditors; and

 

  monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance.

 

Compensation Committee. Our Compensation Committee will consist of Vick Bathija, Scott Silverman and Guofu Zhang. Mr. Zhang will be the chairman of our audit committee. The compensation committee will assist the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which his compensation is deliberated. The compensation committee will be responsible for, among other things:

 

  reviewing and approving, or recommending to the board for its approval, the compensation for our chief executive officer and other executive officers;

 

  reviewing and recommending to the shareholders for determination with respect to the compensation of our directors;

  

  reviewing periodically and approving any incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements; and

 

  selecting compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser only after taking into consideration all factors relevant to that person’s independence from management.

 

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Nomination Committee. Our Nomination Committee will consist of Vick Bathija, Scott Silverman and Guofu Zhang. Mr. Silverman will be the chairman of our audit committee. The nomination committee will assist the board of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its committees. The nomination committee will be responsible for, among other things:

 

  selecting and recommending to the board nominees for election by the shareholders or appointment by the board;

 

  reviewing annually with the board the current composition of the board with regards to characteristics such as independence, knowledge, skills, experience and diversity;

 

  making recommendations on the frequency and structure of board meetings and monitoring the functioning of the committees of the board; and

 

  advising the board periodically with regards to significant developments in the law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to the board on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken.

  

Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk Oversight

 

Our Board is primarily responsible for overseeing our risk management processes. The Board receives and reviews periodic reports from management, auditors, legal counsel and others, as considered appropriate regarding our company’s assessment of risks. The Board focuses on the most significant risks facing our company and our company’s general risk management strategy, and also ensures that risks undertaken by our company are consistent with the Board’s appetite for risk. While the Board oversees our company’s risk management, management is responsible for day-to-day risk management processes. We believe this division of responsibilities is the most effective approach for addressing the risks facing our company and that our Board leadership structure supports this approach.

 

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Executive Compensation.

 

The following summary compensation table sets forth the compensation earned by our named executive officers for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

 

Summary Compensation Table

 

    Fiscal   Salary     Bonus     Stock
Awards
    All Other
Compensation
    Total  
Name and Principal Position   Year   ($)     ($)     ($)     ($)     ($)  
Lirong Wang   2020     17,266       0       0       0       17,266  
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board   2019     17,450       0       0       0       17,450  
Shaw Cheng “David” Chong*   2020     0       0       140,000       0       140,000  
Chief Financial Officer   2019     0       0       0       0       0  
Nunissait Tjandra*   2020     48,547       0       0       0       48,547  
Director   2019     0       0       0       0       0  
Vick Bathija*   2020     0       0       0       0       0  
Independent Director Nominee   2019     0       0       0       0       0  
Scott Silverman*   2020     0       0       0       0       0  
Independent Director Nominee   2019     0       0       0       0       0  
Guofu Zhang*   2020     0       0       0       0       0  
Independent Director Nominee   2019     0       0       0       0       0  

 

* Appointed during fiscal year 2020.

 

Compensation of Directors

 

We have entered into director offer letters with each of our independent director nominees. Upon Company’s listing on the Nasdaq Stock Market, we plan to pay our independent director nominee Vick Bathija with an annual cash compensation of $40,000, our independent director nominee Scott Silverman with an annual cash compensation of $30,000 and our independent director nominee Guofu Zhang with an annual cash compensation of $20,000. In addition, for each year of service upon our listing on Nasdaq Capital Market, we will issue to Mr. Bathija, Mr. Silverman and Mr. Zhang stock option for up to 40,000, 30,000 and 20,000 shares, respectively, exercisable at an exercise price of $4.00 for three years from the date of issuance. We will also reimburse all directors for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with their services provided in such capacity. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, we did not have any non-employee directors.

 

Employment Agreements

 

As Company’s Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Chong will be provided with the following compensation: (a) Company shall issue 50,000 of restricted common stock upon the commencement of his employment, with an annual compensation in cash of $100,000, payable monthly; (b) additional 50,000 common stock upon Company’s successful listing on a national exchange; and (c) during the executive’s term, the Company will reimburse for all reasonable out-of-pocket travel expenses incurred by the executive in attending any in-person meetings, provided that the executive complies with the generally applicable policies, practices and procedures of the Company for submission of expense reports, receipts or similar documentation of such expenses.

 

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Option Grants

 

We had no outstanding equity awards as of the end of fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

 

Option Exercises and Fiscal Year-End Option Value Table

 

There were no stock options exercised during fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 by the executive officers.

 

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table

 

We had no outstanding equity awards as of the end of fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

 

Long-Term Incentive Plans and Awards

 

There were no awards made to a named executive officer in fiscal 2020 and 2019 under any long-term incentive plan.

   

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PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

 

The following table provides information as to shares of common stock beneficially owned as of the date of this prospectus, by:

 

  each director;

 

  each named executive officer;

 

  each person known by us to beneficially own at least 5% of our common stock; and

 

  all directors and executive officers as a group.

 

Beneficial ownership is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Shares of common stock subject to options, warrants and convertible notes currently exercisable or convertible, or exercisable or convertible within 60 days are deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of the person holding such securities but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person. Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes to this table, Company believes that each of the shareholders named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares indicated as beneficially owned by them.

 

Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner listed below is 1958 Qianming East Road, Fengjing, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China.

 

Name of Beneficial Owners     # of
Common
Stock
      % (1)       # of
Preferred
Stock (2)
     

%
      % of
Total
Voting
Power
 
 
Lirong Wang     11,612,911       30.03 %     19,000,000       100 %     88.17 %
Shaw Cheng “David” Chong     173,698       *       0       0       *  
Nunissait Tjandra     310,831       *       0       0       *  
All officers and directors as a group (3 persons)     12,097,440       31.28 %     19,000,000       100 %     88.38 %
Other 5% shareholders:                                        
Huinuo Wang     2,000,000       5.17 %     0       0        *  
Yuqing Qian     2,000,000       5.17 %     0       0        *  

 

  * less than 1%.

 

(1)

Applicable percentages are based on an aggregate of 38,669,867 shares outstanding, including (i) 38,502,954 shares issued and outstanding, (ii) 133,530 shares issuable upon conversion of certain convertible notes and (iii) 33,383 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants.

   
(2) Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to voting power equal to ten shares of common stock.

 

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

Related Party Transactions for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 

 

Due from related parties

 

The due from related parties balance of $1,136,675 represents the receivable from Mr. Lirong Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, which includes a payable balance of $508,814 and receivable balance of $1,645,489.

 

The payable balance of $508,814 represents the amount paid to the Company by Mr. Lirong Wang. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company borrowed $320,604 from Mr. Lirong Wang, and repaid $257,451.

 

The receivable balance of $1,645,489 related to the sold land use right and fixed assets for the repayment of debts to Shanghai Zhongta Construction and Engineering Co., Ltd. The Company has not received the repayment amount as of March 31, 2021, and recorded as receivable from Mr. Lirong Wang.

 

Due to related parties

 

Outstanding balance due to Ms. Xueying Sheng and Mr. Guohua Lin below are advances to the Company as working capital. These advances are due on demand, non-interest bearing, and unsecured, unless further disclosed.

 

    March 31,     December 31,      
    2021     2020     Relationship
Ms. Xueying Sheng     98,938       97,587     Controller/Accounting Manager of the Company
Mr. Guohua Lin     53,981       55,783     Senior management / One of the Company’s shareholders
Total     152,919       153,370      

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company borrowed $3,061 from Mr. Guohua Lin, and repaid $4,863. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company borrowed $4,992 from Mr. Guohua Lin, and repaid $157.

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company borrowed $3,439 from Ms. Xueying Sheng and repaid $2,088. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company borrowed $0 from Ms. Xueying Sheng and repaid $1,146.

 

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Related Party Transactions for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

 

Due from related parties

 

The amount due from related parties balance of $1,155,429 represents the receivable from Mr. Lirong Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, which includes payable balance of $445,661 and receivable balance of $1,601,090.

 

The payable balance of $445,661 represents the amount paid to the Company by Mr. Lirong Wang. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company borrowed $2,748,129 from Mr. Lirong Wang, and repaid $3,164,170.

 

The receivable balance of $1,601,090 related to the sold Land use right and Fixed assets for the repayment of debts to Agricultural Bank of China. The Company has not received the repayment amount as of December 31, 2020, and recorded as receivable from Mr. Lirong Wang.

 

Due to related parties

 

Outstanding balance due to Ms. Xueying Sheng and Mr. Guohua Lin below are advances to the Company as working capital. These advances are due on demand, non-interest bearing, and unsecured, unless further disclosed.

 

    December 31,   December 31,    
    2020   2019   Relationship
Mr. Lirong Wang     -     861,702   The CEO and Chairman / Actual controlling person
Ms. Xueying Sheng     97,587     73,474   Controller/Accounting Manager of the Company
Mr. Guohua Lin     55,783     74,149   Senior management / One of the Company’s shareholders
Total     153,370     1,009,325    

 

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company borrowed $3,950,414 from Mr. Lirong Wang, and repaid $4,272,035.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company borrowed $53,694 from Mr. Guohua Lin, and repaid $29,581.  For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company borrowed $237,041 from Mr. Guohua Lin, and repaid $165,455.  

 

For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company borrowed $71,158 from Ms. Xueying Sheng and repaid $89,524. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company borrowed $49,070 from Ms. Xueying Sheng and repaid $115,316.

 

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

 

Authorized Stock

 

The Company has authorized 500,000,000 common shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share.  Each common share entitles the holder to one vote, in person or proxy, on any matter on which action of the stockholders of the corporation is sought.

 

On April 5, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock. As a result, the capital stock of the Company consisted of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, and 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock after the filling.

 

On October 30, 2019, 30,000,000 shares were designated to be Series A Preferred Stock out of the 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock.

 

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Common Share Issuances

 

On June 29, 2018, the outstanding amount $326,348 due to Mr. Wang, CEO and Chairman of the Company, were converted into 43,200 shares of Common Shares at $ 7.55 per share.

 

On June 29, 2018 the Company issued 298,518 common shares of the Company at $7.55 for proceeds of $2,255,111 to Mr. Wang, CEO and Chairman of the Company.

  

On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved a 5 to 1 reverse stock split of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). No fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued as a result of the reverse stock split. The Stock Split does not affect the par value or the number of authorized shares of common stock of the Company.

  

On April 16, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Change to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the Reverse stock Split. The reverse stock split took effect on May 7, 2019. The common shares outstanding have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse stock split.

 

On October 10, 2019 and November 1, 2019, the Company issued a total of 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, in exchange for 19,000,000 shares of common stock beneficially owned by him. Following the transaction, 19,000,000 shares of common stock were cancelled and returned to treasury.

 

On June 19, 2020, Muliang Agritech Inc. entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. (“Viagoo”) and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of 100% equity interest of Viagoo.

 

Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, Muliang shall purchase from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares shall be US$2,830,800, payable in 1,011,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, valued at $2.80 per share.

 

On June 28, 2020, the Company issued 50,000 of restricted common stock as the compensation for Shaw Cheng “David” Chong, the new Chief Financial Officer of the Company.

 

As of the date of this report, there were 38,402,954 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

Blank Check Preferred Stock

 

On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved creation of one hundred million (100,000,000) shares of Blank Check Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value. To the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, as the same now exists or may hereafter be amended or supplemented, the Board of Directors may fix and determine the designations, rights, preferences or other variations of each class or series within each class of preferred stock of the Company. The Company may issue the shares of stock for such consideration as may be fixed by the Board of Directors.

 

On April 5, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to authorize the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock.

 

On October 30, 2019, 30,000,000 shares were designated to be Series A Preferred Stock out of the 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock.

 

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Series A Preferred Stock

 

On October 30, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved to designate 30,000,000 shares as Series A Preferred Stock out of the 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, which the preferences and relative and other rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, shall be set forth in the discussion below under the “Series A Preferred Stock”. A certificate of designation for the Series A Preferred Stock was filed with the Secretary of the State of the State of Nevada on October 30, 2019.

 

The holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to receive dividends of any kind.

 

The Series A Preferred Stock shall not be subject to conversion into Common Stock or other equity authorized to be issued by the Corporation.

 

The holders of the issued and outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have voting rights equal to ten (10) shares of Common Stock for each share of Series A Preferred Stock.

 

On November 1, 2019, the Company issued a total of 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, in exchange for 19,000,000 shares of common stock beneficially owned by him. Following the transaction, 19,000,000 shares of common stock were cancelled and returned to treasury.

 

As of the filling date, there were 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued outstanding.

 

Convertible Notes and Warrants

 

On February 16, 2021, we sold to a non-U.S. investor a $14,960 convertible note that may be converted into 5,342 shares of our common stock at a price of $2.80 per share. In conjunction with the convertible note, we issued to the investor 1,336 warrants that can be exercised for three years to our common stock at an exercise price of $4.80.

 

On May 20, 2021, we sold to a non-U.S. investor a $231,839 (or RMB 1,5000,000) convertible note that may be converted into 68,188 shares of our common stock at a price of $3.40 per share. In conjunction with the convertible note, we issued to the investor 17,047 warrants that can be exercised for three years to our common stock at an exercise price of $4.80.

 

On June 24, 2021, we sold to a non-U.S. investor a $204,000 (or SGD 271,320) convertible note that may be converted into 60,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $3.40 per share. In conjunction with the convertible note, we issued to the investor 15,000 warrants that can be exercised for three years to our common stock at an exercise price of $4.80.

  

Transfer Agent and Registrar

 

The Transfer Agent for our common stock is West Coast Stock Transfer Co., located at 721 N. Vulcan Ave., Suite 205, Encinitas, CA 92024.

 

MARKET PRICE AND DIVIDENDS ON OUR COMMON STOCK AND
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

 

Our common stock is currently quoted on OTCQB under the symbol “MULG’”, however, there has been no established public trading market for our common stock. As of September 23, 2020, the last reported sale price of our shares of common stock on the OTC Markets was US$7.00 per share with very limited trading volume. we have 38,402,954 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of the date hereof.

 

Holders of Capital Stock

 

As of the date of this prospectus, we had 1,033 holders of our common stock.

 

Stock Option Grants

 

We do not have a stock option plan in place and have not granted any stock options at this time.

 

Dividends

 

To date, we have not declared or paid any dividends on our common stock. We currently do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future on our common stock. Although we intend to retain our earnings, if any, to finance the exploration and growth of our business, our Board of Directors has the discretion to declare and pay dividends in the future.

 

Payment of dividends in the future will depend upon our earnings, capital requirements, and any other factors that our Board of Directors deems relevant.

    

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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

 

Immediately prior to this offering, there was little to no trading activity in our common stock. Future sales of substantial amounts of common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Immediately prior to the offering, there are 38,402,954 shares of common stock outstanding. Upon the completion of the offering, we will have an aggregate of 48,402,954 shares of common stock outstanding immediately assuming no exercise of the over-allotment option by the Underwriter.

 

All shares sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, except for any shares purchased by our “affiliates,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, whose sales would be subject to the Rule 144 resale restrictions described below, other than the holding period requirement. The remaining shares of common stock, representing approximately % or % of our outstanding shares, following the firm commitment offering, respectively, will be held by our existing shareholders. Many of these shares are “restricted securities” as that phrase is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Subject to certain contractual restrictions, including the lock-up agreements described below, holders of restricted shares will be entitled to sell those shares in the public market pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rule 144. Sales of these shares in the public market after the restrictions under the lock-up agreements lapse, or the perception that those sales may occur, could cause the prevailing market price to decrease or to be lower than it might be in the absence of those sales or perceptions. As a result of lock-up agreements described below, and the provisions of Rules 144 under the Securities Act, the restricted securities will be available for sale in the public market.

 

We, all of our directors and officers and certain shareholders have agreed with the underwriter, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell, transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any of our shares of common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of our common stock for a period of 180-days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of the underwriter. This consent may be given at any time without public notice. Upon expiration of the lock-up period, these shares will be available for sale in the public market, subject in some cases to applicable volume limitations under Rule 144.

 

We also agreed to register shares underlying the Underwriter’s Warrants. Once exercised, of which there can be no guarantee, subject to the relative lock up period described elsewhere in this prospectus, those shares shall be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act.

 

Rule 144

 

Some of our stockholders will be forced to hold their shares of our common stock for at least a six-month period before they are eligible to sell those shares, and even after that six-month period, sales may not be made under Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act unless we and such stockholders are in compliance with other requirements of Rule 144.

 

In general, Rule 144 provides that (i) any of our non-affiliates that has held restricted common stock for at least six months is thereafter entitled to sell its restricted stock freely and without restriction, provided that we remain compliant and current with our SEC reporting obligations, and (ii) any of our affiliates, which includes our directors, executive officers and other person in control of us, that has held restricted common stock for at least six months is thereafter entitled to sell its restricted stock subject to the following restrictions: (a) we are compliant and current with our SEC reporting obligations, (b) certain manner of sale provisions are satisfied, (c) a Form 144 is filed with the SEC, and (d) certain volume limitations are satisfied, which limit the sale of shares within any three-month period to a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of 1% of the total number of outstanding shares. A person who has ceased to be an affiliate at least three months immediately preceding the sale and who has owned such shares of common stock for at least one year is entitled to sell the shares under Rule 144 without regard to any of the limitations described above.

  

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Summary of Shares Available for Future Sale

 

The following table summarizes the total shares potentially available for future sale. To the extent we sell a number of shares of common stock under the firm commitment offering, the below tables will be adjusted proportionately as to numbers of shares available for sale and dates on which such shares may be sold (as to currently outstanding shares).

 

Firm Commitment Offering Shares   Date Available for Sale
Currently Outstanding Shares of Common Stock Subject to Lock-up Agreement: (1)   After 180-day from the date of effectiveness or commencement of sales of the public offering.
     
Shares Offered in this Offering:   After the completion of this offering, these shares will be freely tradable.

 

  (1) The number of shares of common stock outstanding as of the date of this prospectus.

  

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UNDERWRITING

 

In connection with this offering, we will enter into an underwriting agreement with Boustead Securities, LLC, which we sometimes refer to herein as the Underwriter. The Underwriter has agreed to purchase from us, on a firm commitment basis, 10,000,000 number of shares, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. The Underwriter may retain other brokers or dealers to act as sub-agents on its behalf in connection with this offering and may pay any sub-agent a solicitation fee with respect to any securities placed by it.

 

The Underwriter is committed to purchase all the common stocks offered by this prospectus if it purchases any shares. The Underwriter is not obligated to purchase the common shares covered by the underwriter’ over-allotment option. The Underwriter is offering the common stocks, subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by it, subject to approval of legal matters by its counsel, and other conditions contained in the underwriting agreement, such as the receipt by the Underwriter of officer’s certificates and legal opinions. The Underwriter reserves the right to withdraw, cancel or modify offers to the public and to reject orders in whole or in part.

 

Over-Allotment Option

 

We have granted to the Underwriter a 45-day option to purchase up to an aggregate of additional common stocks to purchase common shares (equal to 15% of the number of shares sold in the offering), in any combination thereof, at the public offering price per share, less underwriting discounts and commissions.

 

Fees, Commissions and Expense Reimbursement

 

The following table shows, for each of the total without over-allotment option and total with full over-allotment option offering amounts, the per share and total public offering price, underwriting fees and commissions to be paid to the Underwriter by us, and proceeds to us, before expenses and assuming a $4.00 per share offering price.

 

    Per Share     Total
Without Over-
Allotment
Option
    Total
With Full
Over-
Allotment Option
 
Public Offering Price   $ 4.00     $ 40,000,000     $ 46,000,000  
Underwriting fees and commissions   $ 0.32     $ 3,200,000     $ 3,680,000  
Proceeds to Us, Before Expenses   $ 3.68     $ 36,800,000     $ 42,320,000  

 

We and the Underwriter have agreed to pay commissions of seven and a half (6.5%) per share on the offering proceeds. We have agreed to pay to the Underwriter upon the consummation of the offering, a non-accountable expense allowance equal to one and a half percent (1.5%) of the gross proceeds of the offering. We have also agreed to pay the Underwriter reasonable out-of-pocket expenses including but not limited to, (i) reasonable travel and out-of-pocket expenses, including clearing charges; (ii) reasonable fees of legal counsel incurred by the Underwriter in connection with the offering. The total accountable expenses shall not exceed $95,000. Upon the earlier of the termination of this letter agreement or completion of the IPO, the Company agrees to pay promptly in cash any unreimbursed expenses that the Underwriter actually incurred as of such date. Notwithstanding any contained herein to the contrary, Boustead shall return to the Company any expenses previously paid, or advanced, but that which were not actually incurred, in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(4)(A).

 

Underwriter Warrants

 

We have also agreed to grant to the Underwriter a warrant covering a number of shares equal to 10% of the aggregate number of the Shares sold in the offering. The Underwriter warrants will be exercisable, in whole or in part, during a period commencing after 6 months of the closing of the offering and will expire on the five-year anniversary of the effective date of the registration statement. The Underwriter warrants will be exercisable at a price equal to 120% of the offering price and shall not be redeemable. We have registered the shares underlying the Underwriter warrants in the registration statement. The Underwriter warrants may not be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the securities by any person for a period of 180 days immediately following the effective date of the registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part (in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110), except that they may be assigned, in whole or in part, to any successor, officer, manager, member or partner of the underwriter, and to members of the syndicate or selling group and their respective officers, managers, members or partners. The Underwriter warrants may be exercised as to all or a lesser number of shares, and will provide for cashless exercise. The Underwriter warrants shall further provide for adjustment in the number and price of such warrants (and the share of the common stock underlying such warrants) in the event of recapitalization, a merger or other structural transactions to prevent dilution.

 

Right of First Refusal

 

Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, we will provide the representative of the underwriters the right of first refusal for one year from the date of commencement of sales of this public offering to act as financial advisor or to act as joint financial advisor on at least equal economic terms on any public or private financing (debt or equity), merger, business combination, recapitalization or sale of some or all of the equity or assets of our company, whether undertaken in conjunction with another broker-dealer or on the Company’s own volition.

 

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Price Stabilization

 

The Underwriter will be required to comply with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including without limitation, Rule 10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules and regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of shares of capital stock by the Underwriter acting as principal. Under these rules and regulations, the Underwriter:

 

  may not engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities; and

 

  may not bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities, other than as permitted under the Exchange Act, until it has completed its participation in the distribution.

 

Determination of Offering Price

 

The public offering price of the shares we are offering was determined by us in consultation with the Underwriter based on discussions with potential investors in light of the history and prospects of our company, the stage of development of our business, our business plans for the future and the extent to which they have been implemented, an assessment of our management, the public stock price for similar companies, general conditions of the securities markets at the time of the Offering and such other factors as were deemed relevant.

 

Indemnification

 

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriter against liabilities relating to the Offering arising under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and to contribute to payments that the underwriter may be required to make for these liabilities.

 

Application for Nasdaq Market Listing

 

We have applied to have our common stocks approved for listing/quotation on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “MULG” We will not consummate and close this offering without a listing approval letter from the Nasdaq Capital Market. Our receipt of a listing approval letter is not the same as an actual listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The listing approval letter will serve only to confirm that, if we sell a number of shares in this firm commitment offering sufficient to satisfy applicable listing criteria, our common stocks will in fact be listed.

 

If our common stocks are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, we will be subject to continued listing requirements and corporate governance standards. We expect these new rules and regulations to significantly increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs.

 

Foreign Regulatory Restrictions on Purchase of our Shares

 

We have not taken any action to permit a public offering of our shares outside the United States or to permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus outside the United States. People outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any restrictions relating to this offering of our shares and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.

 

Electronic Offer, Sale and Distribution of Common Stocks

 

A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the websites maintained by the Underwriter. In addition, the common stock may be sold by the Underwriter to securities dealers who resell the common stock to online brokerage account holders. Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on the Underwriter’s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by the Underwriter is not part of the prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the Underwriter in its capacity as Underwriter and should not be relied upon by investors.

 

76

 

  

Lock-up Agreements

 

We, each of our directors and officers and holders of our common stock on a fully diluted basis immediately prior to the consummation of this offering have agreed or are otherwise contractually restricted for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, without the prior written consent of the Underwriter not to directly or indirectly:

 

  issue (in the case of us), offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of any shares of our common stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock or other capital stock;
     
  in the case of us, file or cause the filing of any registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to any shares of our common stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock or other capital stock, other than registration statements on Form S-8 filed with the SEC after the closing date of this offering; or
     
  enter into any swap or other agreement, arrangement, hedge or transaction that transfers to another, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock or other capital stock,

 

whether any transaction described in any of the foregoing bullet points is to be settled by delivery of our common stock or other capital stock, other securities, in cash or otherwise, or publicly announce an intention to do any of the foregoing.

 

There are no existing agreements between the Underwriter and any person who will execute a lock-up agreement in connection with this offering providing consent to the sale of shares prior to the expiration of the lock-up period. The lock up does not apply to the issuance of shares upon the exercise of rights to acquire shares of common stock pursuant to any existing stock option or the conversion of any of our preferred convertible stock.

 

Procedures and Requirements for Subscription

 

If you decide to subscribe for any shares in this offering, you must:

 

  execute and deliver a subscription agreement; and
     
  deliver the subscription price to the Company by cashier’s check or wire transfer of immediately available funds.

 

The subscription agreement requires you to disclose your name, address, social security number, telephone number, email address, number of shares you are purchasing, and the price you are paying for your shares.

 

Upon the Company’s acceptance of a subscription and receipt of full payment, and subject to the timing qualification set forth above, the Company shall countersign the subscription agreement and issue a stock certificate along with a copy of the subscription agreement.

 

We have the right to accept or reject subscriptions in whole or in part, for any reason or for no reason. All monies from rejected subscriptions will be returned immediately by us to the subscriber, without interest or deductions. Subscriptions for securities will be accepted or rejected within three (3) business days after we receive them.

 

77

 

 

Offer Restrictions outside the United States

 

Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the Underwriter that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.

   

Australia. This prospectus is not a product disclosure statement, prospectus or other type of disclosure document for the purposes of Corporations Act 2001 (Commonwealth of Australia) (the “Act”) and does not purport to include the information required of a product disclosure statement, prospectus or other disclosure document under Chapter 6D.2 of the Act. No product disclosure statement, prospectus, disclosure document, offering material or advertisement in relation to the offer of the shares has been or will be lodged with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission or the Australian Securities Exchange.

 

Accordingly, (1) the offer of the shares under this prospectus may only be made to persons: (i) to whom it is lawful to offer the shares without disclosure to investors under Chapter 6D.2 of the Act under one or more exemptions set out in Section 708 of the Act, and (ii) who are “wholesale clients” as that term is defined in section 761G of the Act, (2) this prospectus may only be made available in Australia to persons as set forth in clause (1) above, and (3) by accepting this offer, the offeree represents that the offeree is such a person as set forth in clause (1) above, and the offeree agrees not to sell or offer for sale any of the shares sold to the offeree within 12 months after their issue except as otherwise permitted under the Act.

 

Canada. The shares may not be offered, sold or distributed, directly or indirectly, in any province or territory of Canada other than the provinces of Ontario and Quebec or to or for the benefit of any resident of any province or territory of Canada other than the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and only on a basis that is pursuant to an exemption from the requirement to file a prospectus in such province, and only through a dealer duly registered under the applicable securities laws of such province or in accordance with an exemption from the applicable registered dealer requirements.

 

78

 

 

Cayman Islands. This prospectus does not constitute a public offer of the shares, whether by way of sale or subscription, in the Cayman Islands. Each underwriter has represented and agreed that it has not offered or sold, and will not offer or sell, directly or indirectly, any shares to any member of the public in the Cayman Islands.

 

European Economic Area. In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area that has implemented the Prospectus Directive, or a Relevant Member State, from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member State, or the Relevant Implementation Date, an offer of the shares to the public may not be made in that Relevant Member State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to the shares that has been approved by the competent authority in that Relevant Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Relevant Member State and the competent authority in that Relevant Member State has been notified, all in accordance with the Prospectus Directive, except that it may, with effect from and including the Relevant Implementation Date, make an offer of the shares to the public in that Relevant Member State at any time,

 

  to legal entities that are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities;

 

  to any legal entity that has two or more of (1) an average of at least 250 employees during the last financial year, (2) a total balance sheet of more than €43,000,000, and (3) an annual net turnover of more than €50,000,000, as shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts;

 

  to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive; or

 

  in any other circumstances that do not require the publication by the company of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive;

 

provided that no such offer of shares shall result in a requirement for the publication by the company of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.

 

For purposes of the above provision, the expression “an offer of shares to the public” in relation to any shares in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the shares to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the shares, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State, and the expression “Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/EC and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State.

 

Hong Kong. The shares may not be offered or sold by means of this document or any other document other than (i) in circumstances that do not constitute an offer or invitation to the public within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap.32, Laws of Hong Kong) or the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap.571, Laws of Hong Kong), or (ii) to “professional investors” within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap.571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder, or (iii) in other circumstances that do not result in the document being a “prospectus” within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap.32, Laws of Hong Kong), and no advertisement, invitation or document relating to the shares may be issued or may be in the possession of any person for the purpose of issue (in each case whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere), that is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public in Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to shares which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder.

 

Malaysia

 

The shares have not been and may not be approved by the securities commission Malaysia, or SC, and this document has not been and will not be registered as a prospectus with the SC under the Malaysian capital markets and services act of 2007, or CMSA. Accordingly, no securities or offer for subscription or purchase of securities or invitation to subscribe for or purchase securities are being made to any person in or from within Malaysia under this document except to persons falling within any of paragraphs 2(g)(i) to (xi) of schedule 5 of the CMSA and distributed only by a holder of a capital markets services license who carries on the business of dealing in securities and subject to the issuer having lodged this prospectus with the SC within seven days from the date of the distribution of this prospectus in Malaysia. The distribution in Malaysia of this document is subject to Malaysian laws. Save as aforementioned, no action has been taken in Malaysia under its securities laws in respect of this document. This document does not constitute and may not be used for the purpose of a public offering or an issue, offer for subscription or purchase, invitation to subscribe for or purchase any securities requiring the approval of the SC or the registration of a prospectus with the SC under the CMSA.

 

People’s Republic of China. This prospectus may not be circulated or distributed in the PRC and the shares may not be offered or sold, and will not offer or sell to any person for re-offering or resale directly or indirectly to any resident of the PRC except pursuant to applicable laws and regulations of the PRC. For the purpose of this paragraph, PRC does not include Taiwan and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.

  

79

 

  

Singapore

 

The securities represented may not be offered or sold, nor may any document or other material in connect with such securities be distributed, either directly or indirectly, (i) to persons in Singapore other than under circumstances in which such offer or sale does not constitute an offer or sale of such securities to the public in Singapore or (ii) to the public or any member of the public in Singapore other than pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, an exemption invoked under division 5a or part iv of the companies act, chapter 50 of Singapore and to persons to whom the securities may be offered or sold under such exemption.

 

United Kingdom. An offer of the shares may not be made to the public in the United Kingdom within the meaning of Section 102B of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, as amended, or the FSMA, except to legal entities that are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities or otherwise in circumstances that do not require the publication by the company of a prospectus pursuant to the Prospectus Rules of the Financial Services Authority, or the FSA.

 

An invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of FSMA) may only be communicated to persons who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 or in circumstances in which Section 21 of FSMA does not apply to the company.

 

All applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by the underwriter in relation to the shares must be complied with in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.

 

LEGAL MATTERS

 

The validity of the common shares offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP. VCL Law LLP is acting as counsel to the Underwriter. Certain legal matters as to PRC law will be passed upon for us by Gaopeng & Partners PRC Lawyers. Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP may rely upon Gaopeng & Partners PRC Lawyers with respect to matters governed by PRC law.

  

The current address of Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP is 366 Madison Avenue, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10017. The current address of Gaopeng & Partners PRC Lawyers is No. 107, Warwick Building, 8th Floor, Block A, Shigu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.

 

EXPERT

 

The consolidated financial statements for each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, as set forth in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement have been so included in reliance on the report of WWC, PC, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing. The current address of WWC, PC is located is 2010 Pioneer Court, San Mateo, CA 94403.

 

INTERESTS OF NAMED EXPERTS AND COUNSEL

 

No expert or counsel named in this prospectus, as having prepared or certified any part of this prospectus or having given an opinion upon the validity of the securities being registered or upon other legal matters in connection with the registration or offering of the common stock, was employed on a contingency basis, or had, or is to receive, in connection with the offering, a substantial interest, direct or indirect, in the registrant. Nor was any such person connected with the registrant as a promoter, managing or principal underwriter, voting trustee, director, officer or employee.

 

80

 

 

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

 

We filed with the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act for the common stock in this offering. This prospectus does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedule that were filed with the registration statement. For further information with respect to us and our common stock, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits that were filed with the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus about the contents of any contract or any other document that is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement are not necessarily complete, and we refer you to the full text of the contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement.

 

We file annual, quarterly and current reports and other information with the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are available to the public on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Those filings are also available to the public on our corporate website at www.ccmus.com. The information we file with the SEC or contained on, or linked to through, our corporate website or any other website that we may maintain is not part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. You may also read and copy, at the SEC’s prescribed rates, any document we file with the SEC, including the registration statement (and its exhibits) of which this prospectus is a part, at the SEC’s Public Reference Room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 to obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room.

  

81

 

 

  Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

  PAGE
Consolidated Financial Statements for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited)  
   
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited) F-2
   
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited) F-3
   
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited) F-4
   
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited) F-5
   
Noted to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) F-6 – F-30
   
Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019  
   
Report of Independent Registered Accounting Firm F-31
   
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 F-32
   
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 F-33
   
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 F-34
   
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 F-35
   
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-36 – F-61

 

F-1

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

AS OF MARCH 31, 2021 AND DECEMBER 31 2020

 

    March 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020  
             
ASSETS                
Current Assets:                
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 1,208,454     $ 348,834  
Accounts receivable, net     9,029,782       13,455,551  
Due from related party     1,136,675       1,155,429  
Inventories     165,516       147,271  
Prepayment     325,300       513,491  
Other receivables, net     10,664,536       10,686,077  
Total Current Assets     22,530,263       26,306,653  
                 
Property, plant and equipment, net     6,131,848       6,266,743  
Right of use assets     1,413,598       1,413,598  
Intangible assets, net     4,535       16,198  
Goodwill     696,267       709,705  
Other assets and deposits     20,918       20,955  
Deferred tax asset     615,868       454,848  
                 
Total Assets   $ 31,413,297     $ 35,188,700  
                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY                
                 
Current Liabilities:                
Current portion of long-term debt   $ 4,563,377     $ 4,571,452  
Accounts payable and accrued payables     5,764,380       10,025,369  
Advances from customers     329,981       297,003  
Income tax payable     528,481       529,416  
Other payables     5,838,806       5,584,607  
Due to related party     152,919       153,370  
Total Current Liabilities     17,177,944       21,161,217  
                 
Long-term loans     1,420,663       1,425,475  
Deferred tax liabilities     594       605  
Total Liabilities     18,599,201       22,587,297  
                 
Stockholders’ Equity:                
Series A Preferred Stock,$0.0001 par value, 30,000,000 shares authorized, 19,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.     1,900       1,900  
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 38,502,954 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.     3,850       3,850  
Additional paid in capital     19,933,793       19,933,793  
Accumulated deficit     (8,336,197 )     (8,596,332 )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss     1,081,581       1,128,351  
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) – Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. and Subsidiaries     12,684,927       12,471,562  
Non-controlling interest     129,169       129,841  
Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)     12,814,096       12,601,403  
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity   $ 31,413,297     $ 35,188,700  

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 

F-2

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

 

    For the Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2021     2020  
             
Revenues   $ 1,569,087     $ 838,947  
Cost of goods sold     900,841       533,844  
Gross profit (loss)     668,246       305,103  
                 
Operating expenses:                
General and administrative expenses     328,692       457,046  
Selling expenses     71,520       7,447  
Total operating expenses     400,212       464,493  
                 
Income (Loss) from operations     268,034       (159,390 )
                 
Other income (expense):                
Interest expense     (16,838 )     (98,623 )
Rental income, net     -       2,617  
Other income (expense), net     9,308       (1,333 )
Total other income (expense)     (7,530 )     (97,339 )
                 
Income (Loss) before income taxes     260,504       (256,729 )
                 
Income taxes     -       -  
                 
Net income (loss)     260,504       (256,729 )
                 
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest     369       (1,820 )
Net income (loss) attributable to Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. common stockholders     260,135       (254,909 )
                 
Other comprehensive income (loss):                
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment     (47,810 )     (172,844 )
                 
Total Comprehensive income (loss)     212,694       (429,573 )
Total comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests     (672 )     (2,492 )
Total comprehensive (income) loss attributable to Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. common stockholders   $ 213,366     $ (427,081 )
                 
Earnings per common share                
Basic and diluted     0.01       (0.01 )
                 
Weighted average common shares outstanding                
Basic     38,502,954       37,341,954  
Diluted     38,502,954       37,341,954  

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 

F-3

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020
(Unaudited)

  

    Series A
Preferred Stock
    Common Stock     Additional
Paid-in
    Accumulated     Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
    Non-controlling        
    Shares     Amount     Shares     Amount     Capital     Deficit     Income (Loss)     Interest     Total  
                                                       
Balance, December 31, 2019     19,000,000     $ 1,900       37,341,954     $ 3,734       19,398,854       (9,571,836 )     233,288       123,914       10,189,854  
Net income     -       -       -       -       -       (254,909 )     -       (1,820 )     (256,729 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment     -       -       -       -       -       -       (172,172 )     (672 )     (172,844 )
Balance, March 31, 2020     19,000,000     $ 1,900       37,341,954     $ 3,734       19,398,854       (9,826,745 )     61,116       121,422       9,760,281  
Issuance of common stock     -       -       1,161,000       116       534,939       -       -       -       535,055  
Net income     -       -       -       -       -       1,230,413       -       6,223       1,236,636  
Foreign currency translation adjustment     -       -       -       -       -       -       1,067,235       2,196       1,069,431  
Balance, December 31, 2020     19,000,000       1,900       38,502,954       3,850       19,933,793       (8,596,332 )     1,128,351       129,841       12,601,403  
Net income     -       -       -       -       -       260,135       -       369       260,504  
Foreign currency translation adjustment     -       -       -       -       -       -       (46,769 )     (1,041 )     (47,810 )
Balance, March 31, 2021     19,000,000       1,900       38,502,954       3,850       19,933,793       (8,336,197 )     1,081,582       129,169       12,814,097  

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 

F-4

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

 

    For Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2021     2020  
             
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES                
Net income (loss)   $ 260,504     $ (256,729 )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:                
Depreciation and amortization     132,737       187,836  
Deferred income tax assets     (161,964 )     -  
Changes in assets and liabilities:                
Accounts receivable     4,404,317       1,006,497  
Inventories     (18,521 )     13,371  
Prepayment     187,446       84,977  
Other receivables     2,669       5,186  
Accounts payable and accrued payables     (4,290,253 )     (381,133 )
Advances from customers     33,531       60,246  
Other payables     354,191       75,491  
Net cash provided by operating activities     904,657       795,742  
                 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES                
Net cash used in investing activities     -       -  
                 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES                
Repayment to related party     -       (779,010 )
Repayment of short-term loans     (36,426 )     (113,580 )
Proceeds of loan from shareholder , net of repayments     16,547       -  
Net cash used in financing activities     (19,879 )     (892,590 )
                 
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH     (25,158 )     (953 )
                 
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH     859,620       (97,801 )
CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD     348,834       103,868  
CASH, END OF PERIOD   $ 1,208,454     $ 6,067  
                 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES:                
Cash paid during the period for:                
Cash paid for interest expense, net of capitalized interest   $ 152,236     $ 16,407  
Cash paid for income tax   $ -     $ -  

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 

F-5

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

 

Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc (“Muliang Viagoo”), formerly known as M & A Holding Corporation., Mullan Agritech Inc. and Muliang Agritech Inc. was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on November 5, 2014. Muliang Viagoo’s core business activities of developing, manufacturing, and selling organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers for use in agricultural industry are conducted through several indirectly owned subsidiaries in China.

 

On June 9, 2016, M & A Holding Corporation filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, changing its name from “M & A Holding Corporation,” to “Mullan Agritech, Inc.”

 

On July 11, 2016, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) effected in the marketplace the change of the corporate name from “M & A Holding Corporation,” to “Mullan Agritech, Inc.”, and effective on such date.

 

On April 4, 2019, the Company changed its corporate name from “Mullan Agritech Inc.” to “Muliang Agritech Inc.” The name change took effect on May 7, 2019. In connection with the name change, our stock symbol changed to “MULG”.

 

On June 26, 2020, Muliang Agritech, Inc. filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of the State of the State of Nevada, changing its name from “Muliang Agritech, Inc.” to “Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.”. The Company will trade under the new name upon approval by FINRA.

 

History

 

Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd. (referred to herein as “Muliang Industry”) was incorporated in PRC on December 7, 2006 as a limited liability company, owned 95% by Lirong Wang and 5% by Zongfang Wang. Muliang Industry through its own operations and its subsidiaries is engaged in the business of developing, manufacturing, and selling organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers for use in the agricultural industry.

 

On May 27, 2013, Muliang Industry entered into and consummated an equity purchase agreement whereby it acquired 99% of the outstanding equity of Weihai Fukang Bio-Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (“Fukang”), a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. Fukang was incorporated in Weihai City, Shandong Province on January 6, 2009. Fukang is focused on the distribution of organic fertilizers and the development of new bio-organic fertilizers. As a result of the completion of the transaction, Fukang became a 99% owned subsidiary of Muliang Industry, with the remaining 1% equity interest owned by Mr. Hui Song.

 

On July 11, 2013, Muliang Industry established a wholly owned subsidiary, Shanghai Muliang Agritech Development Co., Ltd. (“Agritech Development”) in Shanghai, China. On November 6, 2013, Muliang Industry sold 40% of the outstanding equity of Agritech Development to Mr. Jianping Zhang for consideration of approximately $65,000 or RMB 400,000. Agritech Development does not currently conduct any operations.

 

On July 17, 2013, Muliang Industry entered into an equity purchase agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding equity of Shanghai Zongbao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Zongbao”) with consideration of approximately $3.2 million or RMB 20 million, effectively becoming the wholly-owned subsidiary of Muliang Industry. Shanghai Zongbao was incorporated in Shanghai on January 25, 2008. Shanghai Zongbao processes and distributes organic fertilizers. Shanghai Zongbao wholly owns Shanghai Zongbao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd. Cangzhou Branch (“Zongbao Cangzhou”).

 

On August 21, 2014, Muliang Agricultural Limited (“Muliang HK”) was incorporated in Hong Kong as an investment holding company.

 

F-6

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

 

January 27, 2015, Muliang HK incorporated a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, Shanghai Mufeng Investment Consulting Co., Ltd (“Shanghai Mufeng”), in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”).

 

On July 8, 2015, Muliang Viagoo entered into certain stock purchase agreement with Muliang HK, pursuant to which Muliang Viagoo, for a consideration of $5,000, acquired 100% interest in Muliang HK and its wholly-owned subsidiary Shanghai Mufeng. Both Muliang HK and Shanghai Mufeng are controlled by the Company’s sole officer and director, Lirong Wang.

 

On July 23, 2015, Muliang Industry established a wholly owned subsidiary, Shanghai Muliang Agricultural Sales Co., Ltd. (“Muliang Sales”) in Shanghai, China.

 

On September 3, 2015, Muliang Viagoo effected a split of its outstanding common stock resulting in an aggregate of 150,525,000 shares outstanding of which 120,000,000 were owned by Chenxi Shi, the founder of Muliang Viagoo and its sole officer and director. The remaining 30,525,000 were held by a total of 39 investors.

 

On January 11, 2016, Muliang Viagoo issued 129,475,000 shares of its common stock to Lirong Wang for an aggregate consideration of $64,737.50. On the same date, Chenxi Shi, the sole officer and director of Muliang Viagoo on that date, transferred 120,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company held by him to Lirong Wang for $800 pursuant to a transfer agreement.

 

On February 10, 2016, Shanghai Mufeng entered into a set of contractual agreements known as Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) Agreements, including (1) Exclusive Technical Consulting and Service Agreement, (2) Equity Pledge Agreement, and (3) Call Option Cooperation Agreement, with Muliang Industry, and its Principal Shareholders. As a result of the Stock Purchase Agreement and the set of VIE Agreements, Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd., along with its consolidated subsidiaries, became entities controlled by Muliang Viagoo, whereby Muliang Viagoo would derive all substantial economic benefit generated by Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries.

 

As a result, Muliang Viagoo has a direct wholly-owned subsidiary, Muliang HK and an indirectly wholly owned subsidiary Shanghai Mufeng. Through its VIE Agreements, Muliang Viagoo exercises control over Muliang Industry. Muliang Industry has two wholly-owned subsidiaries (Shanghai Zongbao and Muliang Sales), one 99% owned subsidiary (Fukang), one 60% owned subsidiary (Agritech Development), and one indirectly wholly owned subsidiary Zongbao Cangzhou.

 

On June 6, 2016, Muliang Industry established a wholly-owned subsidiary, namely, Muliang (Ningling) Bio-chemical Fertilizer Co. Ltd (“Ningling Fertilizer”) in Henan Province, the central plain of China. Ningling Fertilizer is setup for a new production line of bio-chemical fertilizer and has not begun any operation yet.

 

 On July 7, 2016, Muliang Industry established a subsidiary, namely, Zhonglian Huinong (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd (“Zhonglian”) in Beijing City, China. Muliang Industry owns 65% shares of Zhonglian, and a third-party company, Zhongrui Huilian (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd owns the other 35% shares. Zhonglian is to develop and operate an online agricultural products trading platform.

 

On October 27, 2016, Muliang Industry established a subsidiary, namely, Yunnan Muliang Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd (“Yunnan Muliang”) in Yunnan Province, China. Muliang Industry owns 55% shares of Yunnan Muliang, and a third-party company, Shuangbai County Development Investment Co., Ltd. owns the other 45% shares. Yunnan Muliang was setup for the sales development of West China.

 

F-7

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

 

On October 12, 2017, the Company canceled the registration of Ningling with the administration authorities for Industry and Commerce. Ningling has historically been reported as a component of our operations and incurred $33,323 to loss before income taxes provisions for the year ended December 31, 2017. The termination does not constitute a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our operations or financial results and as such, the termination is not classified as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements.

 

On June 19, 2020, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of 100% equity interest of Viagoo. Pursuant to the SEA, Muliang shall purchase from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares was US$2,830,800, paid in 1,011,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, valued at $2.80 per share.

 

Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Shanghai Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Yunnan Muliang, Zhonglian, and Viagoo are referred to as subsidiaries. The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”, “we” and “us”, unless specific reference is made to an entity.

 

On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved a 5 to 1 reverse stock split of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, the change of corporate name from “Mullan Agritech Inc.” to “Muliang Viagoo Inc.”, and the creation of one hundred million (100,000,000) shares of Blank Check Preferred Stock.

 

On April 5, 2019, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the Name Change and to authorize the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock. As a result, the capital stock of the Company consists of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, and 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, $0.0001 par value. To the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, as the same now exists or may hereafter be amended or supplemented, the Board of Directors may fix and determine the designations, rights, preferences or other variations of each class or series within each class of preferred stock of the Company. The Company may issue the shares of stock for such consideration as may be fixed by the Board of Directors.

 

F-8

 

  

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

 

On April 16, 2019, we filed a Certificate of Change to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the reverse stock split. Any fractional shares are to be rounded up to whole shares. The reverse stock split does not affect the par value or the number of authorized shares of common stock of the Company.

 

The reverse stock split and the name change took effect on May 7, 2019. In connection with the name change, our stock symbol changed to “MULG”.

 

On June 19, 2020, Muliang Agritech Inc. entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. (“Viagoo”) and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of 100% equity interest of Viagoo.

 

On June 26, 2020, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of the State of the State of Nevada, changing its name from “Muliang Agritech, Inc.” to “Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.”

 

Viagoo is a Singapore-based logistics sharing platform that enables shippers and carriers to share and optimize resources to lower cost and increase efficiency. From last mile delivery to cross border transportation, the platform provides digital transaction contracts for customers to source for service providers to deliver goods and services in a convenient manner. Viagoo partners with various Singapore agencies to promote the platform to support urban logistics need in Singapore, such as Enterprise Singapore, a government agency to support Singapore small and medium businesses, and Singapore Logistics Association.

 

Pursuant to the SEA, Muliang shall purchase from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares was US$2,830,800, paid in 1,011,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, valued at $2.80 per share. The Company recognized $673,278 in goodwill as result of this transaction.

 

Management determined that the results of operations of Viagoo from June 19, 2020 to June 30, 2020 were not material to the Company’s consolidated results of operations, and as a result has excluded them from the Company’s consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the six months end June 30, 2020.

 

Muliang Agritech, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Shanghai Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Yunnan Muliang, Zhonglian, and Viagoo are referred to as subsidiaries. The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”, “we” and “us”, unless specific reference is made to an entity.

 

The consolidated financial statements were prepared assuming that the Company has controlled Muliang HK and its intermediary holding companies, operating subsidiaries, and variable interest entities: Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Shanghai Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Heilongjiang, and Agritech Development, from the first period presented. The transactions detailed above have been accounted for as reverse takeover transaction and a recapitalization of the Company; accordingly, the Company (the legal acquirer) is considered the accounting acquiree and Muliang HK (the legal acquiree) is considered the accounting acquirer. No goodwill has been recorded for these transactions. As a result of this transaction, the Company is deemed to be a continuation of the business of Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, and Muliang Industry.

 

F-9

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

 

Liquidity and Going Concern

 

As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, we had net income of $260,504 and net loss of $256,729 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our cash balances as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $1,208,454 and $348,834, respectively. We had current liabilities of $17,177,944 and $21,161,217 at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, which would be due within the next 12 months. In addition, we had a net current assets (working capital) of $5,352,319 and $5,145,436 at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

 

According to the normal operation, the company does not have problems with business sustainability. But the new covid-19 pandemic from the beginning of 2020 has a great impact on the company’s operation. In 2020, the company’s sales had declined, and the recovery of accounts receivable was slow. As a result, we have taken the following measures :(1) while actively opening up new markets and new customers, we have increased the collection of accounts receivable and strive to control the turnover days of accounts receivable to be within 90 days at the middle of 2021;(2) in April 2021, the company will complete the disposal of Shanghai industrial land transfer transaction and pay off all loans.

 

Because the company is gradually recovering the accounts receivables affected by the Covid-19, and the sales are gradually returning to the normal level, the company’s current cash revenue and expenditure are normal, which did not affect the normal operation. Now after Covid-19, the company has no problems with business sustainability. IPO financing will be used for new investments to expand the operating scale and does not affect the existing operating scale.

 

F-10

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP. The basis of accounting differs from that used in the statutory accounts of the Company, which are prepared in accordance with the accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). The differences between US GAAP and PRC GAAP have been adjusted in these consolidated financial statements. The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”).

 

Interim Financial Statements

 

The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) applicable to interim financial information and the requirements of Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosure required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods have been included. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, as not all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for annual financial statements are presented. The interim financial statements follow the same accounting policies and methods of computations as the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Accordingly, actual results may differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include the useful lives of property and equipment, land use rights, assumptions used in assessing collectability of receivables and impairment for long-term assets.

 

Principles of Consolidation

 

Muliang Viagoo consolidates the following entities, including wholly-owned subsidiaries, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Viagoo, and its wholly controlled variable interest entities, Muliang Industry, and Zhongbao, 60% controlled Agritech Development, 99% controlled Fukang, 65% controlled Zhonglian, 80% controlled Yunnan Muliang and 51% controlled Heilongjiang. The 40% equity interest holder of Agritech Development, 1% equity interest holders in Fukang, 35% equity interest holders in Zhonglian, 20% interest in Yunnan Muliang and 49% equity interest in Heilongjiang are accounted as non-controlling interest in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

  

F-11

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 

The variable interest entities consolidated for which the Company is deemed the primary beneficiary. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less and money market accounts to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash with various financial institutions.

 

Accounts Receivable

 

Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses. The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, a customer’s historical payment history, its current credit-worthiness and current economic trends. Accounts are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection.

 

Inventories

 

Inventories, consisting of raw materials, work in process and finished goods related to the Company’s products are stated at the lower of cost or market utilizing the weighted average method.

 

Property, Plant and Equipment

 

Plant and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in income in the year of disposition. The Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of fixed assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable.

 

Included in property and equipment is construction-in-progress which consisted of factory improvements and machinery pending installation and includes the costs of construction, machinery and equipment, and any interest charges arising from borrowings used to finance these assets during the period of construction or installation of the assets. No provision for depreciation is made on construction-in-progress until such time as the relevant assets are completed and ready for their intended use.

 

Estimated useful lives of the Company’s assets are as follows:

 

    Useful Life  
Building   20 years  
Operating equipment   5-10 years  
Vehicle   3-5 years  
Electronic equipment   3-20 years  
Office equipment   3-20 years  
Apple orchard   10 years  

 

F-12

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 

The apple orchard includes rental of an apple farm, labor cost, fertilizers, apple seeds, apple seedlings and others. The costs to purchase and cultivate apple trees and the expenditures related to labor and materials to plant apple trees until they become commercially productive are capitalized, which require a two-year period. The estimated production life for apple tree is 10 years, and the costs are depreciated without a residual value. Expenses incurred maintaining apple trees during the growth cycle until seedling apple trees or grafted varieties are fruited are capitalized into inventory and included in Work in Process—apple orchard, a component of inventories.

 

Depreciation expenses pertaining to apple trees will be included in inventory costs for those apples to be sold and ultimately become a component of cost of goods sold. Similar to other assets, the failure of our apple trees to be serviceable over the entirety of their anticipated useful lives or to be sold at their anticipated residual value will negatively impact our operating results.

 

Intangible Assets

 

Included in the intangible assets are land use rights. According to the laws of the PRC, the government owns all the land in the PRC. Companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use the land only through land use rights granted by the Chinese government. Intangible assets are being amortized using the straight-line method over their lease terms or estimated useful life.

 

Estimated useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:

 

    Useful Life  
Land use rights   50 years  
Non-patented technology   10 years  

 

The Company carries intangible assets at cost less accumulated amortization. In accordance with US GAAP, the Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of intangible assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable. The Company computes amortization using the straight-line method over estimated useful life of 50 years for the land use rights.

 

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

 

In accordance with ASC Topic 360, the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable, or at least annually. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its book value. The Company recorded no impairment charge for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

 

F-13

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 

Advances from Customers

 

Advances from customers consist of prepayments from customers for merchandise that had not yet been shipped. The Company will recognize the deposits as revenue as customers take delivery of the goods and title to the assets is transferred to customers in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy.

 

Non-controlling Interest

 

Non-controlling interests in the Company’s subsidiaries are recorded in accordance with the provisions of ASC 810 and are reported as a component of equity, separate from the parent’s equity. Purchase or sale of equity interests that do not result in a change of control are accounted for as equity transactions. Results of operations attributable to the non-controlling interest are included in our consolidated results of operations and, upon loss of control, the interest sold, as well as interest retained, if any, will be reported at fair value with any gain or loss recognized in earnings.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method. Results for the reporting period beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under Topic 605.

 

Management has determined that the adoption of ASC 606 did not impact the Company’s previously reported financial statements in any prior period nor did it result in a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings.

 

Revenue for sale of products is derived from contracts with customers, which primarily include the sale of fertilizer products and environmental protection equipment. The Company’s sales arrangements do not contain variable consideration. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time based on management’s evaluation of when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied and control of the products has been transferred to the customer. For vast majority of the Company’s product sales, the performance obligations and control of the products transfer to the customer when products are delivered, and customer acceptance is made.

 

Revenue for logistics-related service is derived from Viagoo subsidiaries. Through an online service platform, the company provides the operation management service to support customers. For VTM service, revenue is charged to carriers based on certain percentage of the freight charges. For VES service, revenue is recognized based on monthly subscription by vehicles and by users. For system integration service, revenue is recognized over time based on the progress of project and annual maintenance service.

 

Pursuant to the guidance of ASC Topic 840, rent shall be reported as income by lessors over the lease term as it becomes receivable. The Company currently leased part of the building of the Shanghai new plant to third parties as warehouse. The Company recognizes building leasing revenue over the beneficial period described by the agreement, as the revenue is realized or realizable and earned. 

 

Cost of Sales

 

Cost of sales consists primarily of raw materials, utility and supply costs consumed in the manufacturing process, manufacturing labor, depreciation expense and direct overhead expenses necessary to manufacture finished goods as well as warehousing and distribution costs such as inbound freight charges, shipping and handling costs, purchasing and receiving costs.

 

F-14

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of Section 740-10-30 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, which is an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements or tax returns.

 

The Company is subject to the Enterprise Income Tax law (“EIT”) of the People’s Republic of China. The Company’s operations in producing and selling fertilizers are subject to the 25% enterprise income tax.

 

Related Parties

 

Parties are related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions.

 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 

Comprehensive income (loss) comprised of net income (loss) and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders. The Company’s comprehensive income (loss) consist of net income (loss) and unrealized gains from foreign currency translation adjustments.

 

Foreign Currency Translation

 

The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”). Results of operations and cash flows are translated at average exchange rates during the period, assets and liabilities are translated at the unified exchange rate at the end of the period, and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. As a result, amounts relating to assets and liabilities reported on the statements of cash flows may not necessarily agree with the changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in determining comprehensive income/loss. The translation adjustment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was loss of $47,810 and loss of $172,844, respectively. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date with any transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred.

 

All of the Company’s revenue transactions are transacted in the functional currency. The Company does not enter into any material transaction in foreign currencies. Transaction gains or losses have not had, and are not expected to have, a material effect on the results of operations of the Company.

 

F-15

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 

For business in China, asset and liability accounts at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were translated at 6.5392 RMB to $1 USD and 6.5277 RMB to $1 USD, respectively, which were the exchange rates on the balance sheet dates. The average translation rates applied to the statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were 6.5335 RMB and 7.0106 RMB to $1 USD, respectively.

 

For business in Singapore, asset and liability accounts at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was translated at 1.3472 SGD to $1 USD and 1.3217 SGD to $1 USD respectively. The average translation rates applied to the statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was 1.3355 SGD to $1 USD.

 

Earnings (Loss) per Share

 

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted earnings per share gives effect to all dilutive potential of shares of common stock outstanding during the period including stock options or warrants, using the treasury stock method (by using the average stock price for the period to determine the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants), and convertible debt or convertible preferred stock, using the if-converted method. Earnings per share excludes all potential dilutive shares of common stock if their effect is anti-dilutive. There were no potential dilutive securities at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 and for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The Company adopted the guidance of ASC Topic 820 for fair value measurements which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

 

Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.

 

Level 2 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

 

Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.

 

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventories, advances to suppliers, prepaid expenses, short-term loans, accounts payable, accrued expenses, advances from customers, VAT and service taxes payable and income taxes payable approximate their fair market value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments.

 

ASC Topic 825-10 “Financial Instruments” allows entities to voluntarily choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (fair value option). The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable, unless a new election date occurs. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized gains and losses for that instrument should be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The Company did not elect to apply the fair value option to any outstanding instruments.  

 

F-16

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 

The following table summarizes the carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments:

 

    March 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020  
Current portion of long-term debt   $ 4,563,377     $ 4,571,452  
Long-term loan     1,420,663       1,425,475  
Total   $ 5,984,040     $ 5,996,927  

 

Government Contribution Plan

 

Pursuant to the laws applicable to PRC law, the Company is required to participate in a government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain retirement, medical and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require the Company to pay to the local labor bureau a monthly contribution at a stated contribution rate based on the monthly basic compensation of qualified employees. The relevant local labor bureau is responsible for meeting all retirement benefit obligations; the Company has no further commitments beyond its monthly contribution.

 

Statutory Reserve

 

Pursuant to the laws applicable to the PRC, the Company must make appropriations from after-tax profit to the non-distributable “statutory surplus reserve fund”. Subject to certain cumulative limits, the “statutory surplus reserve fund” requires annual appropriations of 10% of after-tax profit until the aggregated appropriations reach 50% of the registered capital (as determined under accounting principles generally accepted in the PRC (“PRC GAAP”) at each year-end). For foreign invested enterprises and joint ventures in the PRC, annual appropriations should be made to the “reserve fund”. For foreign invested enterprises, the annual appropriation for the “reserve fund” cannot be less than 10% of after-tax profits until the aggregated appropriations reach 50% of the registered capital (as determined under PRC GAAP at each year-end). If the Company has accumulated loss from prior periods, the Company is able to use the current period net income after tax to offset against the accumulate loss.

 

Segment Information

 

The standard, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” codified with ASC-280, requires certain financial and supplementary information to be disclosed on an annual and interim basis for each reportable segment of an enterprise. The Company believes that it operates in three business segments of which two are geographically located in China, and one in Singapore.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncement

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 (ASU 2016-02) “Leases (Topic 842)”. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. For finance leases, a lessee is required to do the following:

 

  Recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position

 

F-17

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 

  Recognize interest on the lease liability separately from amortization of the right-of-use asset in the statement of comprehensive income
     
  Classify repayments of the principal portion of the lease liability within financing activities and payments of interest on the lease liability and variable lease payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows.

 

For operating leases, a lessee is required to do the following:

 

  Recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position
     
  Recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term on a generally straight-line basis
     
  Classify all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows.

 

In July 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-11 (ASU 2018-11), which amends ASC 842 so that entities may elect not to recast their comparative periods in transition (the “Comparatives Under 840 Option”). ASU 2018-11 allows entities to change their date of initial application to the beginning of the period of adoption. In doing so, entities would:

 

  Apply ASC 840 in the comparative periods.
     
  Provide the disclosures required by ASC 840 for all periods that continue to be presented in accordance with ASC 840.
     
  Recognize the effects of applying ASC 842 as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings for the period of adoption.

 

In addition, the FASB also issued a series of amendments to ASU 2016-02 that address the transition methods available and clarify the guidance for lessor costs and other aspects of the new lease standard.

 

The management has reviewed the accounting pronouncements and adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method of adoption.

 

F-18

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

  

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU provides an exception to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. This update also (1) requires an entity to recognize a franchise tax (or similar tax) that is partially based on income as an income-based tax and account for any incremental amount incurred as a non-income-based tax, (2) requires an entity to evaluate when a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the business combination in which goodwill was originally recognized for accounting purposes and when it should be considered a separate transaction, and (3) requires that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the concepts in FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting—Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impacts of ASU 2018-13 on its consolidated financial statements.

 

The Company believes that there were no other accounting standards recently issued that had or are expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

 

F-19

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 3 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

 

Accounts receivable consisted of the following:

 

    March 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020  
Accounts receivable   $ 10,313,041     $ 14,763,516  
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts     (1,283,259 )     (1,307,965 )
Total, net   $ 9,029,782     $ 13,455,551  

 

The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. After evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company did not recognize bad debt allowance for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. The allowance balance as of March 31, 2021 was carried forward from prior period.

 

The novel coronavirus epidemic that began in the PRC at the beginning of 2020 has significantly impacted the operation of customers, resulting in delays in collecting outstanding receivables as of March 31, 2021. As of the date of this report, a majority of the Company’s customers have resumed normal operations.

 

NOTE 4 – INVENTORIES

 

Inventories consisted of the following:

 

    March 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020  
Raw materials   $ 52,394     $ 48,524  
Finished goods     125,900       111,547  
Allowance     (12,778 )     (12,800 )
Total, net   $ 165,516     $ 147,271  

 

The Company did not recognize loss from inventory impairment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

 

F-20

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 5 – OTHER RECEIVABLE

 

The other receivable balance of $10,664,536 at March 31, 2021 mainly represents the receivable in escrow account administered by the court in the amount of $10,636,484 which is the consideration of the disposal of the land use right and the related building located in Shanghai City.

 

NOTE 6 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

 

Property, plant and equipment at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 consisted of:

 

    March 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020  
Building   $ 2,944,267     $ 2,949,493  
Operating equipment     2,753,443       2,758,704  
Vehicle     86,674       86,828  
Office equipment     26,805       26,783  
Apple Orchard     1,041,377       1,041,377  
Construction in progress     1,895,993       1,829,057  
      8,748,559       8,692,242  
Less: Accumulated depreciation     (2,616,711 )     (2,425,499 )
    $ 6,131,848     $ 6,266,743  

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, depreciation expense amounted to $105,258 and $169,420, respectively. Depreciation is not taken during the period of construction or equipment installation. Upon completion of the installation of manufacturing equipment or any construction in progress, construction in progress balances will be classified to their respective property and equipment category.

 

The construction in progress of $1,895,993 represents the investment of a black goat processing plant located in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, PRC.

 

NOTE 7 – RIGHT OF USE ASSETS

 

The total balance of $1,413,598 as of March 31, 2021 represents the net value of two industrial land use rights located in Weihai City, Shandong Province, and Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province. The total cost of land use rights is $1,552,612 and the accumulated amortization is $139,014.

 

F-21

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 8 – DEFERRED TAX ASSETS, NET

 

The components of the deferred tax assets are as follows:

 

    March 31,     December 31,  
Deferred tax assets, non-current   2021     2020  
Deficit carried-forward   $ -     $ 20,600  
Allowance     615,868       434,248  
Deferred tax assets     615,868       454,848  
Less: valuation allowance     -       -  
Deferred tax assets, non-current   $ 615,868     $ 454,848  

 

Deferred taxation is calculated under the liability method in respect of taxation effect arising from all timing differences, which are expected with reasonable probability to realize in the foreseeable future. The Company’s subsidiary registered in the PRC is subject to income taxes within the PRC at the applicable tax rate.

 

NOTE 9 – LOANS PAYABLE

 

As of March 31, 2021, current portion of long-term loans refers to $4,563,377 due to Agricultural Bank of China (“ABC”), which is collateralized with land use rights and guaranteed by Mr. Lirong Wang, the CEO.  

 

The Company has been in “default” with the loan payable to ABC. The bank has taken legal action against the Company and on April 26, 2020, the bank has been awarded a judgment by the PRC courts for $5,609,770 (RMB 36,683,409). This amount has be settled in April 2021 upon completion of the auction sale of the collateralized land use right and related building in Shanghai city.

 

The loan agreement was entered into between Agricultural Bank of China (“ABC”) and one of our VIEs Shanghai Zongbao Environment Company Engineering Co., Ltd. (“Zongbao”) on October 29, 2014 (the “Loan Agreement”) for a total loan amount of RMB 45 Million (approximately US$6.43 million) at a floating interest rate of 20% premium to the base rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans of the same tenure and same loan grade per annum (the “Loan”). The loan was given as part of a project financing for the construction of production facility and the development of our fertilizer business. Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, Zongbao was obligated to make repayments based on the following schedule:

 

  RMB 2 million on August 25, 2016,

 

  RMB 3 million on February 25, 2017,

 

F-22

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

  RMB 5 million on August 25, 2017,

 

  RMB 5 million on February 25, 2018,

 

  RMB 8 million on August 25, 2018,

 

  RMB 10 million on February 25, 2019,

 

  RMB 12 million on September 25, 2019.

 

Zongbo repaid the loan as scheduled through September 30, 2017 (total RMB 10 Million). However, a local government policy was later implemented in the Industrial Park where the Company’s then newly-built facility is located. Because the Industrial Park shifted its focus to concentrate on businesses relating to food production, machinery and renewable energy, Company’s organic fertilizer business was not permitted. It is very common for China and large cities such as Shanghai to implement such sudden policy change to promote the development of industrial park characteristics. Because of this regulatory change and Company’s inability to satisfy the use of proceeds based on the new policy, Agricultural Bank of China initiated on the “default” of the Loan Agreement and commenced legal action against Zongbao and its guarantors on January 18, 2018 to demand early repayment of the remaining RMB 35 Million. In addition, as a condition of the loan, if the borrower fails to repay the principal of the loan within the time limit specified in the contract, the interest on the overdue loan will rise by 50%. If the borrower’s default causes the creditor to resort to litigation and other methods to realize the creditor’s rights, the lender’s attorney fees, travel expenses, and other enforcement fees shall be borne by the borrower.

 

The land and production facility of Zongbao was collateralized to secure the loan. In addition, the Loan Agreement was guaranteed personally by Mr. Lirong Wang (as the legal representative) and affiliated entities, Shanghai Muliang Industrial Co., Ltd., and Weihai Fukang Biological Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (“Weihai Fukang”). It is a common practice in China for the banks to demand a personal guarantee for these types of financing. See Note 16 for further information.

 

As of March 31, 2021, the amount of $278,322 represents the long-term loan owed to Ms. Hui Song. The amount owed to Ms. Hui Song is non-interest bearing, unsecured, and is expected to be due more than one year afterward.

 

Long-term loan and current portion of long-term loan consisted of the following: 

 

    March 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020  
Loan payable to Agricultural Bank of China, annual interest rate ranges from 6% to 7.2%   $ 4,563,377     $ 4,571,452  
Loan payable to Rushan City Rural Credit Union, annual interest 8.7875%, due by July 18, 2022.     1,142,342       1,144,363  
Long-term loans due to individuals and entities without interest     278,321       281,112  
      5,984,040       5,996,927  
Current portion of long-term loans payable     4,563,377       4,571,452  
 Total, net   $ 1,420,663     $ 1,425,475  

 

As of March 31, 2021, the Company’s future loan obligations according to the terms of the loan agreement are as follows:

 

within 1 year   $ 4,563,377  
1-2 years     1,420,664  
3 years     -  
Total   $ 5,984,041  

 

The Company recognized interest expenses of $16,838 and $98,623 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

 

F-23

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 10 – STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY

 

Authorized Stock

 

The Company has authorized 500,000,000 common shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Each common share entitles the holder to one vote, in person or proxy, on any matter on which action of the stockholders of the corporation is sought.

 

On April 5, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock. As a result, the capital stock of the Company consisted of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, and 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock after the filling.

 

On October 30, 2019, 30,000,000 shares were designated to be Series A Preferred Stock out of the 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock.

 

Common Share Issuances

 

On June 29, 2018, the outstanding amount $326,348 due to Mr. Wang, CEO and Chairman of the Company, were converted into 43,200 shares of Common Shares at $ 7.55 per share.

 

On June 29, 2018 the Company issued 298,518 common shares of the Company at $7.55 for proceeds of $2,255,111 to Mr. Wang, CEO and Chairman of the Company.

 

On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved a 5 to 1 reverse stock split of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). No fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued as a result of the reverse stock split. The Stock Split does not affect the par value or the number of authorized shares of common stock of the Company.

 

On April 16, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Change to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the Reverse stock Split. The reverse stock split took effect on May 7, 2019 The common shares outstanding have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse stock split.

 

On October 10, 2019 and November 1, 2019, the Company issued a total of 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, in exchange for 19,000,000 shares of common stock beneficially owned by him. Following the transaction, 19,000,000 shares of common stock were cancelled and returned to treasury.

 

On June 19, 2020, Muliang Viagoo Technology Inc. entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. (“Viagoo”) and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of 100% equity interest of Viagoo.

 

Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, Muliang shall purchase from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares was US$2,830,800, paid in 1,011,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, valued at $2.80 per share.

 

On June 28, 2020, the Company issued 50,000 of restricted common stock as the compensation for Shaw Cheng “David” Chong, the new Chief Financial Officer of the Company.

 

F-24

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 10 – STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY (CONTINUED)

 

On December 29, 2020, the Company issued 100,000 of restricted common stock to two investors for US$280,000 valued at $2.80 per share.

 

As of the date of this report, there were 38,502,954 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

Blank Check Preferred Stock

 

On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved creation of one hundred million (100,000,000) shares of Blank Check Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value. To the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, as the same now exists or may hereafter be amended or supplemented, the Board of Directors may fix and determine the designations, rights, preferences or other variations of each class or series within each class of preferred stock of the Company. The Company may issue the shares of stock for such consideration as may be fixed by the Board of Directors.

 

On April 5, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to authorize the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock.

 

On October 30, 2019, 30,000,000 shares were designated to be Series A Preferred Stock out of the 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock.

 

Series A Preferred Stock

 

On October 30, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved to designate 30,000,000 shares as Series A Preferred Stock out of the 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, which the preferences and relative and other rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, shall be set forth in the discussion below under the “Series A Preferred Stock”. A certificate of designation for the Series A Preferred Stock was filed with the Secretary of the State of the State of Nevada on October 30, 2019.

 

The holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to receive dividends of any kind.

 

The Series A Preferred Stock shall not be subject to conversion into Common Stock or other equity authorized to be issued by the Corporation.

 

The holders of the issued and outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have voting rights equal to ten (10) shares of Common Stock for each share of Series A Preferred Stock.

 

On November 1, 2019, the Company issued a total of 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, in exchange for 19,000,000 shares of common stock beneficially owned by him. Following the transaction, 19,000,000 shares of common stock were cancelled and returned to treasury.

 

As of the filling date, there were 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued outstanding.

 

F-25

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 11 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

*Due from related parties

 

The due from related parties balance of $1,136,675 represents the receivable from Mr. Lirong Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, which includes payable balance of $508,814 and receivable balance of $1,645,489.

 

The payable balance of $508,814 represents the amount paid to the Company by Mr. Lirong Wang. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company borrowed $320,604 from Mr. Lirong Wang, and repaid $257,451.

 

The receivable balance of $1,645,489 related to the sold Land use right and Fixed assets for the repayment of debts to Shanghai Zhongta Construction and Engineering Co., Ltd.. The Company has not received the repayment amount as of March 31, 2021, and recorded as receivable from Mr. Lirong Wang.

 

*Due to related parties

 

Outstanding balance due to Ms. Xueying Sheng and Mr. Guohua Lin below are advances to the Company as working capital. These advances are due on demand, non-interest bearing, and unsecured, unless further disclosed.

 

    March 31,     December 31,      
    2021     2020     Relationship
Ms. Xueying Sheng     98,938       97,587     Controller/Accounting Manager of the Company
Mr. Guohua Lin     53,981       55,783     Senior management / One of the Company’s shareholders
Total     152,919       153,370      

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company borrowed $3,061 from Mr. Guohua Lin, and repaid $4,863. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company borrowed $4,992 from Mr. Guohua Lin, and repaid $157.  

  

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company borrowed $3,439 from Ms. Xueying Sheng and repaid $2,088. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company borrowed $0 from Ms. Xueying Sheng and repaid $1,146.

 

F-26

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 12 – CONCENTRATIONS

 

Customer Concentrations

 

The following table sets forth information as to each customer that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

 

    For the three months ended  
    March 31,  
Customer   2021     2020  
    Amount     %     Amount     %  
A     507,094       36 %     353,037       47 %
B     602,904       43 %     314,524       42 %

 

Supplier Concentrations

 

The following table sets forth information as to each supplier that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s purchase for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

 

    For the three months ended  
    March 31,  
Suppliers   2021     2020  
    Amount     %     Amount     %  
A     511,150       69 %     N/A       N/A  
B     N/A       N/A       459,247       85 %
C     134,063       18 %     N/A       N/A  

 

Credit Risks

 

The Company’s operations are carried out in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environment in the PRC, and by the general state of the PRC’s economy. The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

 

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and trade accounts receivable. Substantially all of the Company’s cash is maintained with state-owned banks within the PRC, and none of these deposits are covered by insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any risks on its cash in bank accounts. A significant portion of the Company’s sales are credit sales which are primarily to customers whose ability to pay is dependent upon the industry economics prevailing in these areas; however, concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivables is limited due to generally short payment terms. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers to help further reduce credit risk. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company’s cash balances by geographic area were as follows:

 

    March 31,
2021
    December 31,
2020
 
China   $ 1,029,785,       85 %   $ 340,381       98 %
Singapore     178,669       15 %     8,453       2 %
Total cash and cash equivalents   $ 1,208,454       100 %   $ 348,834       100 %

 

F-27

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES

 

United States

 

Muliang Viagoo is established in the State of Nevada in the United States and is subject to Nevada State and US Federal tax laws. Muliang Viagoo has approximately $102,000 of unused net operating losses (“NOLs”) available for carrying forward to future years for U.S. federal income tax reporting purposes. The benefit from the carry forward of such NOLs will begin expiring during the year ended December 31, 2034. Because United States tax laws limit the time during which NOL carry forwards may be applied against future taxable income, the Company may be unable to take full advantage of its NOLs for federal income tax purposes should the Company generate taxable income. Further, the benefit from utilization of NOL carry forwards could be subject to limitations due to material ownership changes that could occur in the Company as it continues to raise additional capital. Based on such limitations, the Company has significant NOLs for which realization of tax benefits is uncertain.

 

On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) resulting in significant modifications to existing law. The Company has considered the accounting impact of the effects of the Act during the year ended December 31, 2018 including a reduction in the corporate tax rate from 34% to 21% among other changes.

 

Hong Kong

 

Muliang HK is established in Hong Kong and its income is subject to a 16.5% profit tax rate for income sourced within the Special Administrative Region. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, Muliang HK did not earn any income derived in Hong Kong, and therefore was not subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax.

 

Singapore

 

Viagoo is incorporated in Singapore where tax is levied on profits at rate of 17.0%. Singapore uses a territorial tax system. Post-tax profit distributions (i.e. dividends) to shareholders are tax-free. Singapore does not tax on capital gains.

 

China, PRC

 

Shanghai Mufeng and its subsidiaries Muliang Industry, Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Zhongliang, Heilongjiang and Yunnan Muliang are established in China and its income is subject to income tax rate of 25%.

 

The reconciliation of effective income tax rate as follows:

 

    For the Three Months Ended  
    March 31,     March 31,  
    2021     2020  
US Statutory income tax rate     21 %     21 %
Valuation allowance     (21 )%     (21 )%
Total     -       -  

 

 

F-28

 

  

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)

 

Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes

 

The tax authority of the PRC government conducts periodic and ad hoc tax filing reviews on business enterprises operating in the PRC after those enterprises complete their relevant tax filings. Therefore, the Company’s PRC entities’ tax filings results are subject to change. It is therefore uncertain as to whether the PRC tax authority may take different views about the Company’s PRC entities’ tax filings, which may lead to additional tax liabilities.

 

ASC 740 requires recognition and measurement of uncertain income tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” approach. The management evaluated the Company’s tax positions and concluded that no provision for uncertainty in income taxes was necessary as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

 

The provision for income taxes consists of the following:

 

    For the Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
    2021     2020  
Current   $            -     $          -  
Deferred     -       -  
Total   $ -     $ -  

 

F-29

 

  

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

 

NOTE 14 – BUSINESS SEGMENTS

 

The revenues and cost of goods sold from operation consist of the following:

 

    Revenues     Cost of Sales  
    For the Three Months Ended     For the Three Months Ended  
    March 31,     March 31,     March 31,     March 31,  
    2021     2020     2021     2020  
Fertilizer sales   $ 1,384,814     $ 754,120     $ 803,229     $ 448,264  
Logistic     184,154       -       97,523       -  
Agricultural products (food) sales     119       84,827       89       85,580  
Total   $ 1,569,087     $ 838,947     $ 900,841     $ 533,844  

  

NOTE 15 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 

 

The Company sold its industrial land and buildings in Shanghai through an administratively organized private sale before the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. Through the sale, the Company has cleared all liens and legal claims attached to its subsidiary Zongbao and improve its cash position. The Company has completed the sale in April 2021.

 

The Company entered into certain term sheet with a non-U.S. investor pursuant to which the Company has agreed to issue to the investor a convertible note in the amount of RMB 1,500,000. The Company expects to enter into definitive agreements and close the offering with the investor during the quarter ended June 30, 2021.

 

The Company has evaluated subsequent events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based on this evaluation, the Company concluded that subsequent to March 31, 2021 but prior to May 17, 2021, the date the financial statements were available to be issued, there was no subsequent event that would require disclosure to or adjustment to the financial statements other than the ones disclosed above.

 

F-30

 

 

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To:   The Board of Directors and Stockholders of
  Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.

  

Opinion on the Financial Statements

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/s/ WWC, P.C.

WWC, P.C.

Certified Public Accountants

 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since March 15, 2016.

 

San Mateo, CA

April 15, 2021

 

 

F-31

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

    December 31,     December 31,  
    2020     2019  
             
ASSETS            
Current Assets:            
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 348,834     $ 103,868  
Accounts receivable, net     13,455,551       7,706,262  
Due from related party     1,155,429       -  
Inventories     147,271       262,682  
Prepayment     513,491       354,813  
Other receivables, net     10,686,077       47,653  
Total Current Assets     26,306,653       8,475,278  
                 
Property, plant and equipment, net     6,266,743       15,094,080  
Right of use assets     1,413,598       3,099,564  
Intangible assets, net     16,198       5,275  
Goodwill     709,705       -  
Other assets and deposits     20,955       40,021  
Deferred tax asset     454,848       19,348  
                 
Total Assets   $ 35,188,700     $ 26,733,566  
                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY                
                 
Current Liabilities:                
Current portion of long-term debt   $ 4,571,452     $ 5,373,859  
Accounts payable and accrued payables     10,025,369       5,162,993  
Advances from customers     297,003       250,158  
Income tax payable     529,416       497,251  
Other payables     5,584,607       2,394,832  
Due to related party     153,370       1,009,325  
Total Current Liabilities     21,161,217       14,688,418  
                 
Long-term loans     1,425,475       1,855,294  
Deferred tax liabilities     605       -  
Total Liabilities     22,587,297       16,543,712  
                 
Commitments and Contingencies                
                 
Stockholders’ Equity:                
Series A Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value, 30,000,000 shares authorized, 19,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.     1,900       1,900  
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 38,502,954 and 37,341,954 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.     3,850       3,734  
Additional paid in capital     19,933,793       19,398,854  
Accumulated deficit     (8,596,332 )     (9,571,836 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income     1,128,351       233,288  

Stockholders’ Equity – Muliang Viagoo Technology Inc. and Subsidiaries

    12,471,562       10,065,940  
Noncontrolling interest     129,841       123,914  
Total Stockholders’ Equity     12,601,403       10,189,854  
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity   $ 35,188,700     $ 26,733,566  

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 

F-32

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

    For Year Ended December 31,  
    2020     2019  
                 
Revenues   $ 11,008,532     $ 12,882,250  
Cost of goods sold     6,248,757       7,546,180  
Gross profit     4,759,775       5,336,070  
                 
Operating expenses:                
General and administrative expenses     2,677,054       1,557,906  
Selling expenses     464,942       698,071  
Total operating expenses     3,141,996       2,255,977  
                 
Income from operations     1,617,779       3,080,093  
                 
Other income (expense):                
Interest expense     (700,030 )     (452,470 )
Subsidy income     -       143,187  
Rental income, net     6,276       60,940  
Other income (expense), net     (339,097 )     (120,915 )
Total other expenses     (1,032,851 )     (369,258 )
                 
Income before income taxes     584,928       2,710,835  
                 
Income taxes     (394,979 )     505,456  
                 
Net income     979,907       2,205,379  
                 
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest     4,403       3,814  
Net income attributable to Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. common stockholders     975,504       2,201,565  
                 
Other comprehensive income (loss):                
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment     896,587       (111,336 )
                 
Total Comprehensive income     1,876,494       2,094,043  
Total comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests     5,927       3,377  
Total comprehensive income attributable to Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. common stockholders   $ 1,870,567     $ 2,090,666  
                 
Earnings per common share                
Basic and diluted     0.03       0.04  
                 
Weighted average common shares outstanding                
Basic     37,908,242       52,073,278  
Diluted     37,908,242       52,073,278  

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 

F-33

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC.AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

    Series A Preferred Stock     Common Stock     Additional Paid-in     Accumulated     Accumulated Other Comprehensive     Non-controlling        
    Shares     Amount     Shares     Amount     Capital     Deficit     Income     Interest     Total  
                                                       
Balance, December 31, 2018     -     $ -       56,341,718     $ 5,634       19,398,854       (11,773,401 )     344,187       120,537       8,095,811  
Common stock transferred to Series A Preferred Stock     19,000,000       1,900       (19,000,000 )     (1,900 )     -       -       -       -       -  
Rounded shares adjustment     -       -       236       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Net income     -       -       -       -       -       2,201,565       -       3,814       2,205,379  
Foreign currency translation adjustment     -       -       -       -       -       -       (110,899 )     (437 )     (111,336 )
Balance, December 31, 2019     19,000,000     $ 1,900       37,341,954     $ 3,734       19,398,854       (9,571,836 )     233,288       123,914       10,189,854  
Issuance of common stock     -       -       1,161,000       116       534,939       -       -       -       535,055  
Net income     -       -       -       -       -       975,504       -       4,403       979,907  
Foreign currency translation adjustment     -       -       -       -       -       -       895,063       1,524       896,587  
Balance, December 31, 2020     19,000,000       1,900       38,502,954       3,850       19,933,793       (8,596,332 )     1,128,351       129,841       12,601,403  

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 

F-34

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 

 

    For Year Ended
December 31,
 
    2020     2019  
             
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES                
Net income   $ 979,907     $ 2,205,379  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:                
Depreciation and amortization     965,296       1,066,196  
Bad debt expense     1,175,424       61,934  
Employment cost settled by issuing common stock     140,000       -  
Deferred income tax assets     429,232       433,374  
Changes in assets and liabilities:                
Accounts receivable     (6,013,323 )     (3,744,204 )
Inventories     125,255       180,382  
Prepayment     (27,893 )     1,161,433  
Other receivables     18,885       54,342  
Accounts payable and accrued payables     4,193,548       745,653  
Account payable – related party     -       (115,853 )
Advances from customers     29,008       41,543  
Income tax payable     -       72,082  
Other payables     (207,549 )     1,596,839  
Net cash provided by operating activities     1,807,790       3,759,100  
                 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES                
Investment in construction in progress     (75,346 )     (1,318,129 )
Net cash used in investing activities     (75,346 )     (1,318,129 )
                 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES                
Proceeds from issuing common stock     280,000       -  
Proceeds from (Repayment to) third party individual     -       307,833  
Repayment to related party     (845,807 )     (2,434,949 )
Repayment of short-term loans     (802,440 )     (149,885 )
Net cash used in financing activities     (1,368,247 )     (2,277,001 )
                 
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH     (119,231 )     (72,880 )
                 
NET INCREASE IN CASH     244,966       91,090  
CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD     103,868       12,778  
CASH, END OF PERIOD     348,834       103,868  
      -          
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES:                
Cash paid during the period for:                
Cash paid for interest expense, net of capitalized interest   $ (85,181 )   $ (1,321,947 )
Cash paid for income tax   $ -     $ -  
                 
NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS OF INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES                
Disposal of Fixed assets for debt settlement without cash flow   $ 12,087,691     $     
Long term loan transfer to current portion of long-term debt     1,082,588       (1,321,947 )
Debt transferred to related party from third parties     2,318,796       -  
Acquisition of subsidiary by issuing common stock   $ 2,830,800     $ -  

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 

F-35

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

 

Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc (“Muliang Viagoo”), formerly known as M & A Holding Corporation., Mullan Agritech Inc. and Muliang Agritech Inc. was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on November 5, 2014. Muliang Viagoo’s core business activities of developing, manufacturing, and selling organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers for use in agricultural industry are conducted through several indirectly owned subsidiaries in China.

 

On June 9, 2016, M & A Holding Corporation filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, changing its name from “M & A Holding Corporation,” to “Mullan Agritech, Inc.”

 

On July 11, 2016, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) effected in the marketplace the change of the corporate name from “M & A Holding Corporation,” to “Mullan Agritech, Inc.”, and effective on such date.

 

On April 4, 2019, the Company changed its corporate name from “Mullan Agritech Inc.” to “Muliang Agritech Inc.” The name change took effect on May 7, 2019. In connection with the name change, our stock symbol changed to “MULG”.

 

On June 26, 2020, Muliang Agritech, Inc. filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of the State of the State of Nevada, changing its name from “Muliang Agritech, Inc.” to “Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.”. The Company will trade under the new name upon approval by FINRA.

 

History

 

Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd. (referred to herein as “Muliang Industry”) was incorporated in PRC on December 7, 2006 as a limited liability company, owned 95% by Lirong Wang and 5% by Zongfang Wang. Muliang Industry through its own operations and its subsidiaries is engaged in the business of developing, manufacturing and selling organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers for use in the agricultural industry.

 

On May 27, 2013, Muliang Industry entered into and consummated an equity purchase agreement whereby it acquired 99% of the outstanding equity of Weihai Fukang Bio-Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (“Fukang”), a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. Fukang was incorporated in Weihai City, Shandong Province on January 6, 2009. Fukang is focused on the distribution of organic fertilizers and the development of new bio-organic fertilizers. As a result of the completion of the transaction, Fukang became a 99% owned subsidiary of Muliang Industry, with the remaining 1% equity interest owned by Mr. Hui Song.

 

On July 11, 2013, Muliang Industry established a wholly owned subsidiary, Shanghai Muliang Viagoo Development Co., Ltd. (“Agritech Development”) in Shanghai, China. On November 6, 2013, Muliang Industry sold 40% of the outstanding equity of Agritech Development to Mr. Jianping Zhang for consideration of approximately $65,000 or RMB 400,000. Agritech Development does not currently conduct any operations.

 

F-36

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

 

On July 17, 2013, Muliang Industry entered into an equity purchase agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding equity of Shanghai Zongbao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Zongbao”) with consideration of approximately $3.2 million or RMB 20 million, effectively becoming the wholly-owned subsidiary of Muliang Industry. Shanghai Zongbao was incorporated in Shanghai on January 25, 2008. Shanghai Zongbao processes and distributes organic fertilizers. Shanghai Zongbao wholly owns Shanghai Zongbao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd. Cangzhou Branch (“Zongbao Cangzhou”).

 

On August 21, 2014, Muliang Agricultural Limited (“Muliang HK”) was incorporated in Hong Kong as an investment holding company.

 

On January 27, 2015, Muliang HK incorporated a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, Shanghai Mufeng Investment Consulting Co., Ltd (“Shanghai Mufeng”), in China.

 

On July 8, 2015, Muliang Viagoo entered into certain stock purchase agreement with Muliang HK, pursuant to which Muliang Viagoo, for a consideration of $5,000, acquired 100% interest in Muliang HK and its wholly-owned subsidiary Shanghai Mufeng. Both Muliang HK and Shanghai Mufeng are controlled by the Company’s sole officer and director, Lirong Wang.

 

On July 23, 2015, Muliang Industry established a wholly owned subsidiary, Shanghai Muliang Agricultural Sales Co., Ltd. (“Muliang Sales”) in Shanghai, China.

 

On September 3, 2015, Muliang Viagoo effected a split of its outstanding common stock resulting in an aggregate of 150,525,000 shares outstanding of which 120,000,000 were owned by Chenxi Shi, the founder of Muliang Viagoo and its sole officer and director. The remaining 30,525,000 were held by a total of 39 investors.

 

On January 11, 2016, Muliang Viagoo issued 129,475,000 shares of its common stock to Lirong Wang for an aggregate consideration of $64,737.50. On the same date, Chenxi Shi, the sole officer and director of Muliang Viagoo on that date, transferred 120,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company held by him to Lirong Wang for $800 pursuant to a transfer agreement.

 

On February 10, 2016, Shanghai Mufeng entered into a set of contractual agreements known as Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) Agreements, including (1) Exclusive Technical Consulting and Service Agreement, (2) Equity Pledge Agreement, and (3) Call Option Cooperation Agreement, with Muliang Industry, and its Principal Shareholders. As a result of the Stock Purchase Agreement and the set of VIE Agreements, Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd., along with its consolidated subsidiaries, became entities controlled by Muliang Viagoo, whereby Muliang Viagoo would derive all substantial economic benefit generated by Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries.

 

As a result, Muliang Viagoo has a direct wholly-owned subsidiary, Muliang HK and an indirectly wholly owned subsidiary Shanghai Mufeng. Through its VIE Agreements, Muliang Viagoo exercises control over Muliang Industry. Muliang Industry has two wholly-owned subsidiaries (Shanghai Zongbao and Muliang Sales), one 99% owned subsidiary (Fukang), one 60% owned subsidiary (Agritech Development), and one indirectly wholly owned subsidiary Zongbao Cangzhou.

 

On June 6, 2016, Muliang Industry established a wholly-owned subsidiary, namely, Muliang (Ningling) Bio-chemical Fertilizer Co. Ltd (“Ningling Fertilizer”) in Henan Province, the central plain of China. Ningling Fertilizer is setup for a new production line of bio-chemical fertilizer and has not begun any operation yet.

 

F-37

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

 

On July 7, 2016, Muliang Industry established a subsidiary, namely, Zhonglian Huinong (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd (“Zhonglian”) in Beijing City, China. Muliang Industry owns 65% shares of Zhonglian, and a third-party company, Zhongrui Huilian (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd owns the other 35% shares. Zhonglian is to develop and operate an online agricultural products trading platform.

 

On October 27, 2016, Muliang Industry established a subsidiary, namely, Yunnan Muliang Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd (“Yunnan Muliang”) in Yunnan Province, China. Muliang Industry owns 55% shares of Yunnan Muliang, and a third-party company, Shuangbai County Development Investment Co., Ltd. owns the other 45% shares. Yunnan Muliang was setup for the sales development of West China.

 

On October 12, 2017, the Company canceled the registration of Ningling with the administration authorities for Industry and Commerce. Ningling has historically been reported as a component of our operations and incurred $33,323 to loss before income taxes provisions for the year ended December 31, 2017. The termination does not constitute a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our operations or financial results and as such, the termination is not classified as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements.

 

On June 19, 2020, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of 100% equity interest of Viagoo. Pursuant to the SEA, Muliang shall purchase from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares was US$2,830,800, paid in 1,011,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, valued at $2.80 per share.

 

Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Shanghai Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Yunnan Muliang, Zhonglian, and Viagoo are referred to as subsidiaries. The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”, “we” and “us”, unless specific reference is made to an entity.

 

On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved a 5 to 1 reverse stock split of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, the change of corporate name from “Mullan Agritech Inc.” to “Muliang Viagoo Inc.”, and the creation of one hundred million (100,000,000) shares of Blank Check Preferred Stock.

 

On April 5, 2019, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the Name Change and to authorize the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock. As a result, the capital stock of the Company consists of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, and 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, $0.0001 par value. To the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, as the same now exists or may hereafter be amended or supplemented, the Board of Directors may fix and determine the designations, rights, preferences or other variations of each class or series within each class of preferred stock of the Company. The Company may issue the shares of stock for such consideration as may be fixed by the Board of Directors.

 

F-38

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

 

On April 16, 2019, we filed a Certificate of Change to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the reverse stock split. Any fractional shares are to be rounded up to whole shares. The reverse stock split does not affect the par value or the number of authorized shares of common stock of the Company.

 

The reverse stock split and the name change took effect on May 7, 2019.

 

On June 19, 2020, Muliang Agritech Inc. entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. (“Viagoo”) and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of 100% equity interest of Viagoo.

 

On June 26, 2020, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of the State of the State of Nevada, changing its name from “Muliang Agritech, Inc.” to “Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.”. In connection with the name change, our stock symbol changed to “MULG”.

 

Viagoo is a Singapore-based logistics sharing platform that enables shippers and carriers to share and optimize resources to lower cost and increase efficiency. From last mile delivery to cross border transportation, the platform provides digital transaction contracts for customers to source for service providers to deliver goods and services in a convenient manner. Viagoo partners with various Singapore agencies to promote the platform to support urban logistics need in Singapore, such as Enterprise Singapore, a government agency to support Singapore small and medium businesses, and Singapore Logistics Association.

 

Pursuant to the SEA, Muliang shall purchase from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares was US$2,830,800, paid in 1,011,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, valued at $2.80 per share. The Company recognized $673,278 in goodwill as result of this transaction.

 

Management determined that the results of operations of Viagoo from June 19, 2020 to June 30, 2020 were not material to the Company’s consolidated results of operations, and as a result has excluded them from the Company’s consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the year end December 31, 2020.

 

Muliang Agritech, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Shanghai Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Yunnan Muliang, Zhonglian, and Viagoo are referred to as subsidiaries. The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”, “we” and “us”, unless specific reference is made to an entity.

 

The consolidated financial statements were prepared assuming that the Company has controlled Muliang HK and its intermediary holding companies, operating subsidiaries, and variable interest entities: Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Shanghai Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Heilongjiang, and Agritech Development, from the first period presented. The transactions detailed above have been accounted for as reverse takeover transaction and a recapitalization of the Company; accordingly, the Company (the legal acquirer) is considered the accounting acquiree and Muliang HK (the legal acquiree) is considered the accounting acquirer. No goodwill has been recorded for these transactions. As a result of this transaction, the Company is deemed to be a continuation of the business of Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, and Muliang Industry.

 

F-39

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

 

Liquidity and Going Concern

 

As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, we had net accumulated deficit of $8,596,332 and $9,571,836 as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Our cash balances as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were $348,834 and $103,868, respectively. We had current liabilities of $21,161,217 and $14,688,418 as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, which would be due within the next 12 months. In addition, we had a working capital of $4,001,073 and working capital deficit of $6,213,140 as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

 

In August, 2020, the land use right and building of this factory was listed on Taobao’s online auction platform for sale by the Shanghai Jinshan People’s Court. While the sale has not closed due to COVID-caused court backlog, the court provided a distribution plan of sale proceeds to all involved parties on March 15, 2021. The buyer’s full purchase amount has been escrowed with the court since August 2020. The court has indicated to the Company that it is expected to complete the sale by April 2021, subject to administrative clearance from various departments within the court. The assets are to be sold to the highest bidder for RMB 74.52 Million (US$11.42 million), and the buyer’s funds have been placed in escrow administered by the court.

 

Based on the distribution plan provided by the court, after deducting related court expenses, ABC shall be entitled to RMB 36 Million (full principal amount and accrued interest of the loan), Shanghai Zhongta Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. Shall be entitled to RMB 27.6 Million (as amount due for the construction of the production facility) and Zongbao shall receive the remaining RMB 5.2 Million. The sale of the assets will improve the company’s liquidity but at the same time have no impact on Company’s operation as the facility has not been in use as our production plant. As a result of the improved liquidity since last fiscal year, the Company has resolved the going concern issue.

 

The assets are expected to be sold to Yigang (Shanghai) Technology Development Co., Ltd. We had no prior relationship with the company. They were the highest bidder in the court sale.

 

The assets (land and building) have been appraised for RMB 97.64 Million (US$14.96 million), more than the sale price of RMB 74.52 Million (US$11.42 million).

 

F-40

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP. The basis of accounting differs from that used in the statutory accounts of the Company, which are prepared in accordance with the accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). The differences between US GAAP and PRC GAAP have been adjusted in these consolidated financial statements. The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”).

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Accordingly, actual results may differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include the useful lives of property and equipment, land use rights, assumptions used in assessing collectability of receivables and impairment for long-term assets.

 

Principles of Consolidation

 

Muliang Viagoo consolidates the following entities, including wholly-owned subsidiaries, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Viagoo, and its wholly controlled variable interest entities, Muliang Industry, and Zhongbao, 60% controlled Agritech Development, 99% controlled Fukang, 65% controlled Zhonglian, 80% controlled Yunnan Muliang and 51% controlled Heilongjiang. The 40% equity interest holder of Agritech Development, 1% equity interest holders in Fukang, 35% equity interest holders in Zhonglian, 20% interest in Yunnan Muliang and 49% equity interest in Heilongjiang are accounted as non-controlling interest in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

The variable interest entities consolidated for which the Company is deemed the primary beneficiary. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Control by Principal Stockholders

 

The Company’s directors and executive officers and their affiliates or related parties own, beneficially and in the aggregate, the majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Accordingly, if our directors and executive officers and their affiliates or related parties vote their shares uniformly, they would have the ability to control the approval of most corporate actions, including increasing our authorized capital stock and the dissolution or merger of our company or the sale of our assets.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less and money market accounts to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash with various financial institutions.

 

Accounts Receivable

 

Accounts receivable is presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses. The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, a customer’s historical payment history, its current credit-worthiness and current economic trends. Accounts are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection.

 

F-41

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 

Inventories

 

Inventories, consisting of raw materials, work in process, and finished goods related to the Company’s products are stated at the lower of cost or market utilizing the weighted average method.

 

Property, Plant and Equipment

 

Plant and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in income in the year of disposition. The Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of fixed assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable.

 

Included in property and equipment is construction-in-progress which consisted of factory improvements and machinery pending installation and includes the costs of construction, machinery and equipment, and any interest charges arising from borrowings used to finance these assets during the period of construction or installation of the assets. No provision for depreciation is made on construction-in-progress until such time as the relevant assets are completed and ready for their intended use.

 

Estimated useful lives of the Company’s assets are as follows:

 

    Useful Life
Building   20 years
Operating equipment   5-10 years
Vehicle   3-5 years
Electronic equipment   3-20 years
Office equipment   3-20 years
Apple orchard   10 years

 

The apple orchard includes rental for an apple farm, labor cost, fertilizers, apple seeds, apple seedlings and others. The costs to purchase and cultivate apple trees and the expenditures related to labor and materials to plant apple trees until they become commercially productive are capitalized, which require a two-year period. The estimated production life for apple tree is ten years, and the costs are depreciated without a residual value. Expenses incurred maintaining apple trees during the growth cycle until seedling apple trees or grafted varieties are fruited are capitalized into inventory and included in Work In Process—apple orchard, a component of inventories.

 

Depreciation expenses pertaining to apple trees will be included in inventory costs for those apples to be sold and ultimately become a component of cost of goods sold. Similar to other assets, the failure of our apple trees to be serviceable over the entirety of their anticipated useful lives or to be sold at their anticipated residual value will negatively impact our operating results.

 

F-42

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 

Intangible Assets

 

Included in the intangible assets are land use rights and non-patented technology. According to the laws of the PRC, the government owns all the land in the PRC. Companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use the land only through land use rights granted by the Chinese government. Useful life for non-patented technology refers to the period during which economic benefits can be generated. Intangible assets are being amortized using the straight-line method over their lease terms or estimated useful life.

 

Estimated useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:

 

    Useful Life
Land use rights   50 years
Non-patented technology   10 years

 

The Company carries intangible assets at cost less accumulated amortization. In accordance with US GAAP, the Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of intangible assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable. The Company computes amortization using the straight-line method over estimated useful life of 50 years for the land use rights.

 

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

 

In accordance with ASC Topic 360, the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable, or at least annually. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its book value. The Company recorded no impairment charge for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

 

Advances from Customers

 

Advances from customers consist of prepayments from customers for merchandise that had not yet been shipped. The Company will recognize the deposits as revenue as customers take delivery of the goods and title to the assets is transferred to customers in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy.

 

Non-controlling Interest

 

Non-controlling interests in the Company’s subsidiaries are recorded in accordance with the provisions of ASC 810 and are reported as a component of equity, separate from the parent’s equity. Purchase or sale of equity interests that do not result in a change of control are accounted for as equity transactions. Results of operations attributable to the non-controlling interest are included in our consolidated results of operations and, upon loss of control, the interest sold, as well as interest retained, if any, will be reported at fair value with any gain or loss recognized in earnings.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method. Results for the reporting period beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under Topic 605.

 

Management has determined that the adoption of ASC 606 did not impact the Company’s previously reported financial statements in any prior period nor did it result in a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings.

 

Revenue for sale of products is derived from contracts with customers, which primarily include the sale of fertilizer products and environmental protection equipment. The Company’s sales arrangements do not contain variable consideration. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time based on management’s evaluation of when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied and control of the products has been transferred to the customer. For vast majority of the Company’s product sales, the performance obligations and control of the products transfer to the customer when products are delivered, and customer acceptance is made.

 

Revenue for logistics-related service is derived from Viagoo subsidiaries. Through an online service platform, the company provides the operation management service to support customers. For VTM service, revenue is charged to carriers based on certain percentage of the freight charges. For VES service, revenue is recognized based on monthly subscription by vehicles and by users. For system integration service, revenue is recognized over time based on the progress of project and annual maintenance service.

 

Pursuant to the guidance of ASC Topic 840, rent shall be reported as income by lessors over the lease term as it becomes receivable. The Company currently leased part of the building of the Shanghai new plant to third parties as warehouse. The Company recognizes building leasing revenue over the beneficial period described by the agreement, as the revenue is realized or realizable and earned. 

 

The Company recognized rental income from leasing a portion of its manufacturing facility located in Shanghai to third parties. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, rental income of $54,277 and $194,663 were recognized as other income.

 

F-43

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 

Cost of Sales

 

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of raw materials, utility and supply costs consumed in the manufacturing process, manufacturing labor, depreciation expense and direct overhead expenses necessary to manufacture finished goods as well as warehousing and distribution costs such as inbound freight charges, shipping and handling costs, purchasing and receiving costs.

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of Section 740-10-30 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, which is an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements or tax returns.

 

The Company is subject to the Enterprise Income Tax law (“EIT”) of the People’s Republic of China. The Company’s operations in producing and selling fertilizers are subject to the 25% enterprise income tax.

 

Related Parties

 

Parties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions.

 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 

Comprehensive income (loss) comprised of net income (loss) and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders. The Company’s comprehensive income (loss) consist of net income (loss) and unrealized gains from foreign currency translation adjustments.

 

F-44

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 

Foreign Currency Translation

 

The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”). Results of operations and cash flows are translated at average exchange rates during the period, assets and liabilities are translated at the unified exchange rate at the end of the period, and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. As a result, amounts relating to assets and liabilities reported on the statements of cash flows may not necessarily agree with the changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in determining comprehensive income/loss. The translation adjustment for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was gain of $909,436 and loss of $111,336, respectively. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date with any transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred.

 

All of the Company’s revenue transactions are transacted in the functional currency. The Company does not enter into any material transaction in foreign currencies. Transaction gains or losses have not had, and are not expected to have, a material effect on the results of operations of the Company.

 

For business in China, asset and liability accounts at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were translated at 6.5277 RMB to $1 USD and 6.9499 RMB to $1 USD, respectively, which were the exchange rates on the balance sheet dates. The average translation rates applied to the statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were 6.9001 RMB and 6.9053 RMB to $1 USD, respectively.

 

For business in Singapore, asset and liability accounts at December 31, 2020 was translated at 1.3217 SGD to $1 USD. The average translation rates applied to the statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2020 was 1.3792 SGD to $1 USD.

 

Earnings (Loss) per Share

 

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted earnings per share gives effect to all dilutive potential of shares of common stock outstanding during the period including stock options or warrants, using the treasury stock method (by using the average stock price for the period to determine the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants), and convertible debt or convertible preferred stock, using the if-converted method. Earnings per share excludes all potential dilutive shares of common stock if their effect is anti-dilutive. There were no potential dilutive securities at December 31, 2020 and 2019.

 

F-45

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The Company adopted the guidance of ASC Topic 820 for fair value measurements which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

 

Level 1-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.

 

Level 2-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

 

Level 3-Inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.

 

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventories, advances to suppliers, prepaid expenses, short-term loans, accounts payable, accrued expenses, advances from customers, VAT and service taxes payable and income taxes payable approximate their fair market value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments.

 

ASC Topic 825-10 “Financial Instruments” allows entities to voluntarily choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (fair value option). The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable, unless a new election date occurs. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized gains and losses for that instrument should be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The Company did not elect to apply the fair value option to any outstanding instruments.

 

The following table summarizes the carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments:

 

    December 31,
2020
    December 31,
2019
 
                 
Current portion of long-term loan   $ 4,571,452     $ 5,373,859  
Long-term loan     1,425,475       1,855,294  
    $ 5,996,927     $ 7,229,153  

 

Government Contribution Plan

 

Pursuant to the laws applicable to PRC law, the Company is required to participate in a government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain retirement, medical and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require the Company to pay to the local labor bureau a monthly contribution at a stated contribution rate based on the monthly basic compensation of qualified employees. The relevant local labor bureau is responsible for meeting all retirement benefit obligations; the Company has no further commitments beyond its monthly contribution.

 

F-46

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 

Statutory Reserve

 

Pursuant to the laws applicable to the PRC, the Company must make appropriations from after-tax profit to the non-distributable “statutory surplus reserve fund”. Subject to certain cumulative limits, the “statutory surplus reserve fund” requires annual appropriations of 10% of after-tax profit until the aggregated appropriations reach 50% of the registered capital (as determined under accounting principles generally accepted in the PRC (“PRC GAAP”) at each year-end). For foreign invested enterprises and joint ventures in the PRC, annual appropriations should be made to the “reserve fund”. For foreign invested enterprises, the annual appropriation for the “reserve fund” cannot be less than 10% of after-tax profits until the aggregated appropriations reach 50% of the registered capital (as determined under PRC GAAP at each year-end). If the Company has accumulated loss from prior periods, the Company is able to use the current period net income after tax to offset against the accumulate loss.

 

Segment Information

 

The standard, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” codified with ASC-280, requires certain financial and supplementary information to be disclosed on an annual and interim basis for each reportable segment of an enterprise. The Company believes that it operates in two business segments and in one geographical segment (China), as all of the Company’s current operations are carried in China.

 

F-47

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncement

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 (ASU 2016-02) “Leases (Topic 842)”. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. For finance leases, a lessee is required to do the following:

 

  Recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position
     
  Recognize interest on the lease liability separately from amortization of the right-of-use asset in the statement of comprehensive income
     
  Classify repayments of the principal portion of the lease liability within financing activities and payments of interest on the lease liability and variable lease payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows.

 

For operating leases, a lessee is required to do the following:

 

  Recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position
     
  Recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term on a generally straight-line basis
     
  Classify all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows.

 

In July 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-11 (ASU 2018-11), which amends ASC 842 so that entities may elect not to recast their comparative periods in transition (the “Comparatives Under 840 Option”). ASU 2018-11 allows entities to change their date of initial application to the beginning of the period of adoption. In doing so, entities would:

 

  Apply ASC 840 in the comparative periods.
     
  Provide the disclosures required by ASC 840 for all periods that continue to be presented in accordance with ASC 840.
     
  Recognize the effects of applying ASC 842 as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings for the period of adoption.

 

In addition, the FASB also issued a series of amendments to ASU 2016-02 that address the transition methods available and clarify the guidance for lessor costs and other aspects of the new lease standard.

 

The management has reviewed the accounting pronouncements and adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method of adoption.

 

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU provides an exception to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. This update also (1) requires an entity to recognize a franchise tax (or similar tax) that is partially based on income as an income-based tax and account for any incremental amount incurred as a non-income-based tax, (2) requires an entity to evaluate when a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the business combination in which goodwill was originally recognized for accounting purposes and when it should be considered a separate transaction, and (3) requires that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the concepts in FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting—Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impacts of ASU 2018-13 on its consolidated financial statements.

 

The Company believes that there were no other accounting standards recently issued that had or are expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

 

F-48

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 3 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

 

Accounts receivable consisted of the following:

 

    December 31,
2020
    December 31,
2019
 
                 
Accounts receivable   $ 14,763,516     $ 8,047,929  
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts     (1,307,965 )     (341,667 )
Total, net   $ 13,455,551     $ 7,706,262  

 

The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. After evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company recognized bad debt allowance of $1,307,965 and $341,667 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

 

The novel coronavirus epidemic that began in the PRC at the beginning of 2020 has significantly impacted the operation of customers, resulting in delays in collecting outstanding receivables as of December 31, 2020. As of the date of this report, a majority of the Company’s customers have resumed normal operations.

 

As of the filing date, a balance of $6,158,418 account receivable out of the total balance as of December 31, 2020 has been collected.

 

F-49

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 4 – INVENTORIES

 

Inventories consisted of the following:

 

    December 31,
2020
    December 31,
2019
 
                 
Raw materials   $ 48,524     $ 116,907  
Finished goods     111,547       157,798  
Allowance     (12,800 )     (12,023 )
Total, net   $ 147,271     $ 262,682  

  

NOTE 5 – PREPAYMENT

 

The prepayment balance of $513,491 as of December 31, 2020 represents the advances paid to suppliers for the purchase of raw materials to be delivered in the next operating period.

 

NOTE 6 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

 

Property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2020 and 2019 consisted of:

 

    December 31,     December 31,  
    2020     2019  
Building   $ 2,949,493     $ 12,715,941  
Operating equipment     2,758,704       2,785,557  
Vehicle     86,828       81,552  
Office equipment     26,783       20,762  
Apple Orchard     1,041,377       789,344  
Construction in progress     1,829,057       1,709,144  
      8,692,242       18,102,300  
Less: Accumulated depreciation     (2,425,499 )     (3,008,220 )
    $ 6,266,743     $ 15,094,080  

 

F-50

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 6 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (CONTINUED)

 

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, depreciation expense amounted to $785,893 and $991,408, respectively. Depreciation is not taken during the period of construction or equipment installation. Upon completion of the installation of manufacturing equipment or any construction in progress, construction in progress balances will be classified to their respective property and equipment category.

 

The construction in progress of $1,829,057 represents the investment of a black goat processing plant located in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, PRC.

 

NOTE 7 – RIGHT OF USE ASSETS

 

The total cost of $1,413,598 as of December 31, 2020 represents the two industrial land use rights located in Weihai City, Shandong Province, and Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province.

 

The total cost of $3,099,564 as of December 31, 2019 represents the three industrial land use rights located in Shanghai city, Weihai City, Shandong Province, and Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province.

 

The land use right located in Shanghai city, with a book net value of $1,808,882, and the related building are to be sold to the highest bidder for RMB 74.52 Million (US$11.42 million), and the funds from Yigang (Shanghai) Technology Development Co., Ltd., the buyer, have been placed in escrow administered by the court. Please refer to Note 9.

 

NOTE 8 – DEFERRED TAX ASSETS, NET

 

The components of the deferred tax assets are as follows:

 

    December 31,     December 31,  
Deferred tax assets, non-current   2020     2019  
Deficit carried-forward   $ 20,600     $ 19,348  
Allowance     434,248       -  
Deferred tax assets     454,848       19,348  
Less: valuation allowance     -       -  
Deferred tax assets, non-current   $ 454,848     $ 19,348  

 

Deferred taxation is calculated under the liability method in respect of taxation effect arising from all timing differences, which are expected with reasonable probability to realize in the foreseeable future. The Company’s subsidiary registered in the PRC is subject to income taxes within the PRC at the applicable tax rate.

 

F-51

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 9 – LOANS

 

As of December 31, 2020, current portion of long-term loans refers to $4,571,452 due to Agricultural Bank of China (“ABC”), which is collateralized with land use rights and guaranteed by Mr. Lirong Wang, the CEO.  

 

The Company has been in “default” with the loan payable to ABC. The bank has taken legal action against the Company and on April 26, 2020, the bank has been awarded a judgment by the PRC courts for $4,359,925 (RMB 30,301,044). This amount is expected to be fully settled in April 2021 upon completion of the auction sale of the collateralized land use right and related building in Shanghai city.

 

The loan agreement was entered into between Agricultural Bank of China (“ABC”) and one of our VIEs Shanghai Zongbao Environment Company Engineering Co., Ltd. (“Zongbao”) on October 29, 2014 (the “Loan Agreement”) for a total loan amount of RMB 45 Million (approximately US$6.43 million) at a floating interest rate of 20% premium to the base rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans of the same tenure and same loan grade per annum (the “Loan”). The loan was given as part of a project financing for the construction of production facility and the development of our fertilizer business. Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, Zongbao was obligated to make repayments based on the following schedule:

 

RMB 2 million on August 25, 2016,

 

RMB 3 million on February 25, 2017,

 

RMB 5 million on August 25, 2017,

 

RMB 5 million on February 25, 2018,

 

RMB 8 million on August 25, 2018,

 

RMB 10 million on February 25, 2019,

 

RMB 12 million on September 25, 2019.

 

Zongbao repaid the loan as scheduled through September 30, 2017 (total RMB 10 Million). However, a local government policy was later implemented in the Industrial Park where the Company’s then newly-built facility is located. Because the Industrial Park shifted its focus to concentrate on businesses relating to food production, machinery and renewable energy, Company’s organic fertilizer business was not permitted. It is very common for China and large cities such as Shanghai to implement such sudden policy change to promote the development of industrial park characteristics. Because of this regulatory change and Company’s inability to satisfy the use of proceeds based on the new policy, Agricultural Bank of China initiated on the “default” of the Loan Agreement and commenced legal action against Zongbao and its guarantors on January 18, 2018 to demand early repayment of the remaining RMB 35 Million. In addition, as a condition of the loan, if the borrower fails to repay the principal of the loan within the time limit specified in the contract, the interest on the overdue loan will rise by 50%. If the borrower’s default causes the creditor to resort to litigation and other methods to realize the creditor’s rights, the lender’s attorney fees, travel expenses, and other enforcement fees shall be borne by the borrower.

 

The land and production facility of Zongbao was collateralized to secure the loan. In addition, the Loan Agreement was guaranteed personally by Mr. Lirong Wang (as the legal representative) and affiliated entities, Shanghai Muliang Industrial Co., Ltd., and Weihai Fukang Biological Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (“Weihai Fukang”). It is a common practice in China for the banks to demand a personal guarantee for these types of financing. See Note 16 for further information.

 

As of December 31, 2020, the amount of $281,112 represents the long-term loan owed to Ms. Hui Song. The amount owed to Ms. Hui Song is non-interest bearing, unsecured, and due after December 31, 2020.

 

Long-term loan and current portion of long-term loan consisted of the following: 

 

    December 31,     December 31,  
    2020     2019  
Loan payable to Agricultural Bank of China, annual interest rate ranges from 6% to 7.2%   $ 4,571,452     $ 4,294,707  
Loan payable to Rushan City Rural Credit Union, annual interest 8.7875%, due by July 18, 2022.     1,144,363       1,079,152  
Long-term loans and interest payable to individuals and entities without interest     281,112       1,855,294  
      5,996,927       7,229,153  
Less: Current portion of long-term loans payable     4,571,452       5,373,859  
Total, net   $ 1,425,475     $ 1,855,294  

 

As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s future loan obligations according to the terms of the loan agreement are as follows:

 

Year 1   $ 4,571,452  
Year 2     1,425,475  
Total   $ 5,996,927  

 

The Company recognized interest expenses of $700,030 and $452,470 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 

F-52

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 10 – STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY

 

Authorized Stock

 

The Company has authorized 500,000,000 common shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Each common share entitles the holder to one vote, in person or proxy, on any matter on which action of the stockholders of the corporation is sought.

 

On April 5, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock. As a result, the capital stock of the Company consisted of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, and 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock after the filling.

 

On October 30, 2019, 30,000,000 shares were designated to be Series A Preferred Stock out of the 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock.

 

Common Share Issuances

 

On June 29, 2018, the outstanding amount $326,348 due to Mr. Wang, CEO and Chairman of the Company, were converted into 43,200 shares of Common Shares at $ 7.55 per share.

 

On June 29, 2018 the Company issued 298,518 common shares of the Company at $7.55 for proceeds of $2,255,111 to Mr. Wang, CEO and Chairman of the Company.

 

On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved a 5 to 1 reverse stock split of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). No fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued as a result of the reverse stock split. The Stock Split does not affect the par value or the number of authorized shares of common stock of the Company.

 

On April 16, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Change to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the Reverse stock Split. The reverse stock split took effect on May 7, 2019 The common shares outstanding have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse stock split.

 

On October 10, 2019 and November 1, 2019, the Company issued a total of 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, in exchange for 19,000,000 shares of common stock beneficially owned by him. Following the transaction, 19,000,000 shares of common stock were cancelled and returned to treasury.

 

On June 19, 2020, Muliang Viagoo Technology Inc. entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. (“Viagoo”) and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of 100% equity interest of Viagoo.

 

Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, Muliang shall purchase from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares was US$2,830,800, paid in 1,011,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, valued at $2.80 per share.

 

On June 28, 2020, the Company issued 50,000 of restricted common stock as the compensation for Shaw Cheng “David” Chong, the new Chief Financial Officer of the Company.

 

On December 29, 2020, the Company issued 100,000 of restricted common stock to two investors for US$280,000 valued at $2.80 per share.

 

As of the date of this report, there were 38,502,954 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

F-53

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 10 – STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY (CONTINUED)

 

Blank Check Preferred Stock

 

On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved creation of one hundred million (100,000,000) shares of Blank Check Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value. To the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, as the same now exists or may hereafter be amended or supplemented, the Board of Directors may fix and determine the designations, rights, preferences or other variations of each class or series within each class of preferred stock of the Company. The Company may issue the shares of stock for such consideration as may be fixed by the Board of Directors.

 

On April 5, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to authorize the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock.

 

On October 30, 2019, 30,000,000 shares were designated to be Series A Preferred Stock out of the 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock.

 

Series A Preferred Stock

 

On October 30, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved to designate 30,000,000 shares as Series A Preferred Stock out of the 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, which the preferences and relative and other rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, shall be set forth in the discussion below under the “Series A Preferred Stock”. A certificate of designation for the Series A Preferred Stock was filed with the Secretary of the State of the State of Nevada on October 30, 2019.

 

The holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to receive dividends of any kind.

 

The Series A Preferred Stock shall not be subject to conversion into Common Stock or other equity authorized to be issued by the Corporation.

 

The holders of the issued and outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have voting rights equal to ten (10) shares of Common Stock for each share of Series A Preferred Stock.

 

On November 1, 2019, the Company issued a total of 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, in exchange for 19,000,000 shares of common stock beneficially owned by him. Following the transaction, 19,000,000 shares of common stock were cancelled and returned to treasury.

 

As of the filling date, there were 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued outstanding.

 

F-54

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 11 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

*Due from related parties

 

The due from related parties balance of $1,155,429 represents the receivable from Mr. Lirong Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, which includes payable balance of $445,661 and receivable balance of $1,601,090.

 

The payable balance of $445,661 represents the amount paid to the Company by Mr. Lirong Wang. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company borrowed $2,748,129 from Mr. Lirong Wang, and repaid $3,164,170.

 

The receivable balance of $1,601,090 related to the sold land use right and fixed assets for the repayment of debts to Agricultural Bank of China. The Company has not received the repayment amount as of December 31, 2020, and recorded as receivable from Mr. Lirong Wang.

 

F-55

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 11 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)

 

*Due to related parties

 

Outstanding balance due to Ms. Xueying Sheng and Mr. Guohua Lin below are advances to the Company as working capital. These advances are due on demand, non-interest bearing, and unsecured, unless further disclosed.

 

    December 31,     December 31,      
    2020     2019     Relationship
Mr. Lirong Wang     -       861,702     The CEO and Chairman / Actual controlling person
Ms. Xueying Sheng     97,587       73,474     Controller/Accounting Manager of the Company
Mr. Guohua Lin     55,783       74,149     Senior management / One of the Company’s shareholders
Total     153,370       1,009,325      

  

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company borrowed $3,950,414 from Mr. Lirong Wang, and repaid $4,272,035.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company borrowed $53,694 from Mr. Guohua Lin, and repaid $29,581.  For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company borrowed $237,041 from Mr. Guohua Lin, and repaid $165,455.  

 

For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company borrowed $71,158 from Ms. Xueying Sheng and repaid $89,524. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company borrowed $49,070 from Ms. Xueying Sheng and repaid $115,316.

 

F-56

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 12 – CONCENTRATIONS

 

Customers Concentrations

 

The following table sets forth information as to each customer that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenues for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

 

    For the year ended  
    December 31,  
Customer   2020     2019  
    Amount     %     Amount     %  
Guangzhou Lvxing Organic Agricultural Products Co., Ltd     4,053,136       38 %     3,026,072       23 %
Huizhou Siji Green Agricultural Products Co., Ltd     N/A       N/A       2,297,573       18 %
Guangzhou Xianshangge Trading Co., Ltd     4,255,503       40 %     N/A       N/A  

 

Suppliers Concentrations

 

The following table sets forth information as to each supplier that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s purchase for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

 

    For the year ended  
    December 31,  
Suppliers   2020     2019  
    Amount     %     Amount     %  
A     2,618,036       35 %     3,357,250       54 %
B     N/A       N/A       1,649,276       26 %
C     N/A       N/A       616,587       10 %
D     725,566       10 %     N/A       N/A  

 

F-57

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 12 – CONCENTRATIONS (CONTINUED)

 

Credit Risks

 

The Company’s operations are carried out in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environment in the PRC, and by the general state of the PRC’s economy. The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

 

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and trade accounts receivable. Substantially all of the Company’s cash is maintained with state-owned banks within the PRC, and none of these deposits are covered by insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any risks on its cash in bank accounts. A significant portion of the Company’s sales are credit sales which are primarily to customers whose ability to pay is dependent upon the industry economics prevailing in these areas; however, concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivables is limited due to generally short payment terms. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers to help further reduce credit risk. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company’s cash balances by geographic area were as follows:

 

    December 31,     December 31,  
    2020     2019  
United States   $               $ -       0 %
China     340,381       98 %     103,868       100 %
Singapore     8,453       2 %                
Total cash and cash equivalents   $ 348,834       100 %   $ 103,868       100 %

 

F-58

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES

 

United States

 

Muliang Viagoo is established in the State of Nevada in the United States and is subject to Nevada State and US Federal tax laws. Muliang Viagoo has approximately $102,000 of unused net operating losses (“NOLs”) available for carrying forward to future years for U.S. federal income tax reporting purposes. The benefit from the carry forward of such NOLs will begin expiring during the year ended December 31, 2034. Because United States tax laws limit the time during which NOL carry forwards may be applied against future taxable income, the Company may be unable to take full advantage of its NOLs for federal income tax purposes should the Company generate taxable income. Further, the benefit from utilization of NOL carry forwards could be subject to limitations due to material ownership changes that could occur in the Company as it continues to raise additional capital. Based on such limitations, the Company has significant NOLs for which realization of tax benefits is uncertain.

 

On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) resulting in significant modifications to existing law. The Company has considered the accounting impact of the effects of the Act during the year ended December 31, 2018 including a reduction in the corporate tax rate from 34% to 21% among other changes.

 

Hong Kong

 

Muliang HK is established in Hong Kong and its income is subject to a 16.5% profit tax rate for income sourced within the Special Administrative Region. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, Muliang HK did not earn any income derived in Hong Kong, and therefore was not subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax.

 

Singapore

 

Viagoo is incorporated in Singapore where tax is levied on profits at rate of 17.0%. Singapore uses a territorial tax system. Post-tax profit distributions (i.e. dividends) to shareholders are tax-free. Singapore does not tax on capital gains.

 

China, PRC

 

Shanghai Mufeng and its subsidiaries Muliang Industry, Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Zhonglian, Heilongjiang and Yunnan Muliang are established in China and its income is subject to income tax rate of 25%.

 

The reconciliation of effective income tax rate as follows:

 

    For the Years Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,  
    2020     2019  
US Statutory income tax rate     21.00 %     21.00 %
PRC income tax adjustment     4.00 %     4.00 %
Valuation allowance     (73.38 )%     0.00 %
Effect of expenses not deductible for tax purpose     0.00 %     0.00 %
Effect of income tax exemptions and reliefs     0.00 %     0.00 %
Others     (19.14 )%     (6.35 %
Total     (67.53 )%     18.65 %

 

F-59

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)

 

The provision for income taxes consists of the following:

 

    For the Years Ended
December 31,
 
    2020     2019  
Current   $ 34,253     $ 72,082  
Deferred     (429,232 )     433,374  
Total   $ (394,979 )   $ 505,456  

 

Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes

 

The tax authority of the PRC government conducts periodic and ad hoc tax filing reviews on business enterprises operating in the PRC after those enterprises complete their relevant tax filings. Therefore, the Company’s PRC entities’ tax filings results are subject to change. It is therefore uncertain as to whether the PRC tax authority may take different views about the Company’s PRC entities’ tax filings, which may lead to additional tax liabilities.

 

ASC 740 requires recognition and measurement of uncertain income tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” approach. The management evaluated the Company’s tax positions and concluded that no provision for uncertainty in income taxes was necessary as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.

 

F-60

 

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 14 – BUSINESS SEGMENTS

 

The revenues and cost of goods sold from operation consist of the following:

 

    Revenues     Cost of Sales  
    For the Years Ended     For the Years Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2020     2019     2020     2019  
Fertilizer   $ 10,548,324     $ 12,178,231     $ 5,994,087     $ 6,742,300  
Logistic     378,853       -       133,905       -  
Agricultural products (food) sales     81,355       704,019       120,765       803,880  
Total   $ 11,008,532     $ 12,882,250     $ 6,248,757     $ 7,546,180  

 

NOTE 15 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

Shanghai Aoke Chemicals Co., Ltd., an entity commonly controlled by the Company’s CEO, Mr. Lirong Wang, (“Shanghai Aoke”) placed with Shanghai Nai Sheng Kalan Industrial Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Nai Sheng”) an equipment procurement order of RMB 25 million (approximately US$3.84M) in 2013. Due to a product defect issue at the fault of Shanghai Nai Sheng, Shanghai Aoke suspended payments to Shanghai Nai Sheng, and RMB 2.94 million remains to be paid to Shanghai Nai Sheng as of September 2017, guaranteed by Shanghai Zongbao, a subsidiary of the Company. In August 2020, Shanghai Nai Sheng commenced a legal proceeding against Shanghai Aoke in the Jinshan District People’s Court for the payment of the balance of the purchase order, concurrently enjoining Zongbao as the guarantor. When Shanghai Nai Sheng eventually brought the legal action against Shanghai Aoke, the total amount owed had been reduced from RMB 2.94 million to RMB 1.21 Million (approximately US$184,000) based on payments made between September 2017 and August 2020. The reduced figure was confirmed by all parties in a court mediation on December 3, 2020, and a settlement was reached pursuant to which all amounts due shall be paid by June 30, 2021. As of the date this report is available for issue, the balance remained to be payable, for which Shanghai Zongbao is a guarantor, amounts to $184,599.

 

NOTE 16 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 

 

As our factory area in Jinshan District, Shanghai City is too close to the urban area to produce straw organic fertilizer, some factory buildings, office buildings and spare land in Jinshan District, Shanghai City, have been leased to third parties. We expect to sell our industrial land and office space in Shanghai through an administratively organized private sale by the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. Through the sale, we expect to clear all liens and legal claims attached to our subsidiary Zongbao and improve our cash position.

 

Currently, we have two civil proceedings, including: (1) default over a loan agreement between Shanghai Zongbao and Agricultural Bank of China Jinshan Sub-branch, the judgment for which has become effective since January 14th, 2019; and (2) default over a construction contract between Shanghai Zongbao and Shanghai Zhongta Construction and Engineering Co., Ltd., as to which both parties reached a mediation agreement through the mediation procedure held by the court. The cause for both cases is that the established project of organic fertilizer production could not be continued due to the change of business focus of the industrial park in which the company is located to food, machinery and new energy industries. This caused defaults with both aforementioned parties. The relevant land and production building were mortgaged under to Agricultural Bank of China, and Shanghai Zongbao and Shanghai Zhongta Construction and Engineering Co., Ltd ., with the understanding that the value of the assets will be sufficient to cover the debts under these two cases. We expect the outstanding defaults will be satisfied by a disposition of the mortgaged asset. Both the Agriculture Bank of China (“ABC”) and Shanghai Zongbao agreed to allow Shanghai Jinshan People’s Court to list the asset on Taobao’s online auction platform for sale. On August 5, 2020, the sale price achieved after competitive biddings was RMB74,515,000 (approximately $10.8 million). The net proceedings from this auction after deducting administrative costs and tax is approximately RMB69,554,095 (approximately $10.6 million). This amount has been included under other receivable as of December 31, 2020. Subsequently, we have entered into a settlement agreement with ABC for the settlement of the remaining loan balance in the amount of RMB29,900,000 (approximately $4.3 million). We plan to repay ABC and the amount owed to the contractor (RMB24,800,000) with the sales proceeds and expect to receive the remaining balance of RMB19,815,000 (approximately $3 million).

 

The assets are undergoing a court-arranged sale since August 2020. While the transaction has yet to complete due to COVID-caused court backlog, the court provided a distribution plan of sale proceeds to all involved parties on March 15, 2021. The buyer’s full purchase amount has been escrowed with the court since August 2020. The court has indicated to the Company that it is expected to complete the sale by April 2021, subject to administrative clearance from various departments within the court.

 

The assets are expected to be sold to Yigang (Shanghai) Technology Development Co., Ltd. (“Yigang”). The Company had no prior relationship with Yigang. Yigang was the highest bidder in the court sale.

 

The Company has evaluated subsequent events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based on this evaluation, the Company concluded that subsequent to December 31, 2020 but prior to April 15, 2021, the date the financial statements were available to be issued, there was no subsequent event that would require disclosure to or adjustment to the financial statements other than the ones disclosed above.

 

F-61

 

11,500,000 Shares of Common Stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROSPECTUS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

           , 2021

 

 

 

Through and including              , 2021 (the 25th day after the date of this offering), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to a dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.

 

 

 

PART II — INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS

 

Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

 

Set forth below is an itemization of the total expenses, excluding underwriter’ discounts and commissions, that we expect to incur in connection with this offering. With the exception of the SEC registration fee, the FINRA filing fee and the Nasdaq listing fee, all amounts are estimates.

 

Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Fee   $ 8,000  
Nasdaq Listing Fee   $ 50,000  
FINRA   $ 4,000  
Legal Fees and Expenses   $ 150,000  
Accounting Fees and Expenses   $ 200,000  
Printing and Engraving Expenses   $ 30,000  
Miscellaneous Expenses   $ 10,000  
Total   $ 577,000  

 

All amounts are estimates other than the SEC’s registration fee. We are paying all expenses of the offering listed above.

 

Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

 

To the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, we may indemnify an officer or director who is made a party to any proceeding, including a lawsuit, because of his/her position, if he/she acted in good faith and in a manner he/she reasonably believed to be in our best interest. We may advance expenses incurred in defending a proceeding. To the extent that the officer or director is successful on the merits in a proceeding as to which he/she is to be indemnified, we must indemnify him/her against all expenses incurred, including attorney’s fees. With respect to a derivative action, indemnity may be made only for expenses actually and reasonably incurred in defending the proceeding, and if the officer or director is judged liable, only by a court order.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is theretofore unenforceable.

 

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Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

 

For the past three years, we have issued and sold the securities described below without registering the securities under the Securities Act. None of these transactions involved any underwriters’ underwriting discounts or commissions, or any public offering. We believe that each of the following issuances was exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act regarding sales by an issuer in offshore transactions, Regulation D under the Securities Act, Rule 701 under the Securities Act or pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act regarding transactions not involving a public offering.

 

We completed a 5-for-1 reverse stock split on May 7, 2019. All share and per share information in this Item 15 has been adjusted to reflect this reverse stock split.

 

On June 29, 2018, the outstanding amount $326,348 due to Mr. Wang, CEO and Chairman of the Company, were converted into 43,200 shares of common stock at $7.55 per share. The transaction was not registered under the Securities Act in reliance on an exemption from registration set forth in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act promulgated thereunder.

 

On June 29, 2018, the Company issued 298,518 shares of common stock of the Company at $7.55 per share, to Mr. Wang, CEO and Chairman of the Company, for aggregate proceeds of $2,255,111. The transaction was not registered under the Securities Act in reliance on an exemption from registration set forth in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act promulgated thereunder.

 

On October 10, 2019 and November 11, 2019, the Company issued 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, in exchange for 19,000,000 shares of common stock beneficially owned by him. Following the transaction, 19,000,000 shares of common stock were cancelled and returned to treasury.

 

On June 19, 2020, Muliang Agritech Inc. entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. (“Viagoo”) and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of 100% equity interest of Viagoo. The transaction was not registered under the Securities Act in reliance on an exemption from registration set forth in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act promulgated thereunder.

 

Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, Muliang shall purchase from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares shall be US$2,830,800, payable in 1,011,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, valued at $2.80 per share.

 

On June 28, 2020, the Company issued 50,000 of restricted common stock as the compensation for Shaw Cheng “David” Chong, the new Chief Financial Officer of the Company. The transaction was not registered under the Securities Act in reliance on an exemption from registration set forth in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act promulgated thereunder.

 

On December 29, 2020, we sold through a Regulation S offering a total of 100,000 shares of common stock to two non-U.S. investors, at a price of $2.80 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $280,000. The transaction was not registered under the Securities Act in reliance on an exemption from registration set forth in Regulation S promulgated hereunder as a transaction by the Company not involving any public offering. The securities were sold in an offshore transaction by a foreign issuer, to foreign investors, not using any directed selling efforts in the United States. These securities may not be offered or sold in the United States in the absence of an effective registration statement or exemption from the registration requirements under the Securities Act.

 

On February 16, 2021, we sold to a non-U.S. investor a $14,960 convertible note that may be converted into 5,342 shares of our common stock at a price of $2.80 per share. In conjunction with the convertible note, we issued to the investor 1,336 warrants that can be exercised for three years to our common stock at an exercise price of $4.80. The transaction was not registered under the Securities Act in reliance on an exemption from registration set forth in Regulation S promulgated hereunder as a transaction by the Company not involving any public offering. The securities were sold in an offshore transaction by a foreign issuer, to foreign investors, not using any directed selling efforts in the United States. These securities may not be offered or sold in the United States in the absence of an effective registration statement or exemption from the registration requirements under the Securities Act.

 

On May 20, 2021, we sold to a non-U.S. investor a $231,839 (or RMB 1,5000,000) convertible note that may be converted into 68,188 shares of our common stock at a price of $3.40 per share. In conjunction with the convertible note, we issued to the investor 17,047 warrants that can be exercised for three years to our common stock at an exercise price of $4.80. The transaction was not registered under the Securities Act in reliance on an exemption from registration set forth in Regulation S promulgated hereunder as a transaction by the Company not involving any public offering. The securities were sold in an offshore transaction by a foreign issuer, to foreign investors, not using any directed selling efforts in the United States. These securities may not be offered or sold in the United States in the absence of an effective registration statement or exemption from the registration requirements under the Securities Act.

 

On June 24, 2021, we sold to a non-U.S. investor a $204,000 (or SGD 271,320) convertible note that may be converted into 60,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $3.40 per share. In conjunction with the convertible note, we issued to the investor 15,000 warrants that can be exercised for three years to our common stock at an exercise price of $4.80. The transaction was not registered under the Securities Act in reliance on an exemption from registration set forth in Regulation S promulgated hereunder as a transaction by the Company not involving any public offering. The securities were sold in an offshore transaction by a foreign issuer, to foreign investors, not using any directed selling efforts in the United States. These securities may not be offered or sold in the United States in the absence of an effective registration statement or exemption from the registration requirements under the Securities Act.

 

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Item 16. Exhibits.

 

Exhibit
Number
  Description
1.1†   Underwriting Agreement
3.1 (1)   Certificate of Incorporation
3.2 (2)   Certificate of Amendment filed with the Secretary of the State of Nevada on April 5, 2019
3.3 (2)   Certificate of Change filed with the Secretary of the State of Nevada on April 16, 2019
3.3 (3)   Certificate of Designation filed with the Secretary of the State of Nevada on October 30, 2019
3.4 (4)   Certificate of Amendment filed with the Secretary of the State of Nevada on June 26, 2020
3.5 (1)   Bylaws
4.1†   Specimen Common Stock Certificate
4.2†   Form of Warrant (included in the Exhibit 1.1 Underwriting Agreement)
5.1†   Opinion of Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP, as to the validity of the common stock
8.1†   Opinion of Gaopeng & Partners PRC Lawyers regarding certain PRC tax matters (included in Exhibit 99.4)
10.1 (3)   Exchange Agreement, dated October 10, 2019
10.2 (3)   Amended and Restated Preferred Stock Exchange Agreement, dated November 11, 2019
10.3 (5)   Director Offer Letter between the Company and Vick Bathija dated March 19, 2020
10.4 (5)   Director Offer Letter between the Company and Scott Silverman dated March 19, 2020
10.5 (5)   Director Offer Letter between the Company and Guofu Zhang dated March 19, 2020
10.6 (7)   Share Exchange Agreement between the Company and Viagoo Pte Ltd. dated June 19, 2020
10.7 (7)   Earnout Agreement among the Company, Viagoo Pte Ltd. and Shareholders of Viagoo Pte Ltd. dated June 19, 2020
10.8 (7)   Employment Agreement between the Company and David Chong Shaw Cheng dated June 19, 2020

10.9†

 

Employment Agreement between the Company and Lirong Wang dated September 25, 2020

14.1 (5)   Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of the Company
21.1 (6)   List of Subsidiaries
23.1†   Consent of WWC, PC
23.2†   Consent of Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
23.3†   Consent of Gaopeng & Partners PRC Lawyers (included in Exhibit 99.4)
99.1 (5)   Audit Committee Charter
99.2 (5)   Compensation Committee Charter
99.3 (5)   Nominating Committee Charter
99.4†   Opinion of Gaopeng & Partners PRC Lawyers, regarding certain PRC law matters and the validity of the VIE Agreements

 

(1) Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on January 5, 2015.
(2) Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 10, 2019.
(3) Incorporated by reference to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 14, 2019.
(4) Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 7, 2020.
(5) Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 27, 2020.
(6) Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on December 9, 2020.
(7) Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 25, 2020.
Filed herewith.

 

Item 17. Undertakings.

 

The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriter at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriter to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

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The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

 

  (1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

 

  (i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

 

  (ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;

 

  (iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

  

  (2) That for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933 each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

  (3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

 

  (4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

 

  (5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:

 

The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

 

  (i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

 

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  (ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

  

  (iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

 

  (iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

 

  (6) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriter at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriter to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

 

  (7) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions described in Item 14 above, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

  (8) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:

 

  (1) That for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4), or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

 

  (2) That for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and this offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Shanghai, China on July 1, 2021.

 

  Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.
     
  By: /s/ LirongWang
    LirongWang
    Chief Executive Officer
    (Principal Executive Officer)
     
  By: /s/ Shaw Cheng “David” Chong
    Shaw Cheng “David” Chong
    Chief Financial Officer
    (Principal Accounting Officer)

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

  Title   Date
/s/ Lirong Wang   Chairman of the Board & Chief Executive Officer   July 1, 2021
Lirong Wang   (Principal Executive Officer)    

 

  Title   Date
/s/ Shaw Cheng “David” Chong   Chief Financial Officer   July 1, 2021
Shaw Cheng “David” Chong   (Principal Accounting Officer)    

 

  Title   Date
/s/ Nunissait Tjandra   Director   July 1, 2021
Nunissait Tjandra        

 

 

II-6

 

Exhibit 1.1 

muliang viagoo technology, inc.

 

UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

 

[__________], 2021

Boustead Securities, LLC

6 Venture, Suite 395

Irvine, CA 92618

Attn: Keith Moore, Chief Executive Officer

Attn: Daniel J. McClory, Managing Director

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

This underwriting agreement (this “Agreement”) constitutes the agreement between Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc., a Nevada company (collectively with its subsidiaries and affiliates, including, without limitation, all entities disclosed or described in the Registration Statement (as hereafter defined) as being subsidiaries or affiliates of the Company, the “Company”), on the one hand, and Boustead Securities, LLC (the “Underwriter”), on the other hand, pursuant to which the Underwriter shall serve as the underwriter for the Company in connection with the proposed offering (the “Offering”) by the Company of its Offered Securities (as defined below) on a “Firm Commitment” basis.

 

The Company proposes, subject to the terms and conditions stated herein, to issue and sell to the Underwriter an aggregate of (i) [____________] authorized but unissued common stock (the “Underwritten Shares”), par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stocks”), of the Company and to grant the Underwriter the option to purchase an aggregate of up to [___________] additional Common Stocks (the “Additional Shares”) as may be necessary to cover over-allotments made in connection with the Offering. The Underwritten Shares and Additional Shares are collectively referred to as the “Offered Securities.” The Offered Securities, the Underwriter’s Warrant (as defined below) and the Warrant Shares (as defined below) are herein collectively referred to as the “Securities.”

 

The Company hereby confirms its agreement with the Underwriter as follows:

 

Section 1. Agreement to Act as Underwriter.

 

(a) Underwriting Discount; Underwriter’s Warrants; Expenses.

 

(i) Underwriting Discount. An underwriting discount equal to six and a half percent (6.5%) of the aggregate public sales price of the Offered Securities sold on a Closing Date, which will be paid to and allocated by the Underwriter among the selling syndicate and soliciting dealers in its sole discretion, if applicable.

 

(ii) Underwriter’s Warrants. The Company hereby agrees to issue to the Underwriter (and/or its designees) on each Closing Date, as defined in Section 3(c) herein, a warrant to purchase a number of Common Stocks equal to 10% of the Offered Securities sold on such Closing Date (“Underwriter’s Warrant”). The Underwriter’s Warrant, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B, shall be exercisable, in whole or in part, commencing on the date of issuance and expiring on the five-year anniversary from the effectiveness of the Offering at an initial exercise price equal to 120% the Per Share Price (as defined below) of the Offered Securities. The Underwriter’s Warrant shall include a “cashless” exercise feature. The Underwriter understands and agrees that there are significant restrictions pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110 against transferring the Underwriter’s Warrant and the underlying Common Stocks (such shares, the “Warrant Shares”) during the one hundred eighty (180) days following the commencement of sales of the Offering and by its acceptance thereof shall agree that it will not sell, transfer, assign, pledge or hypothecate the Underwriter’s Warrant or the Warrant Shares, or any portion thereof, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of such securities for a period of one hundred eighty (180) days following the date of commencement of sales of the Offering to anyone other than the circumstances listed under FINRA Rule 5110(e)(2).

 

 

 

 

Delivery of the applicable Underwriter’s Warrants shall be made on the corresponding Closing Date and shall be issued in the name or names and in such authorized denominations as the Underwriter may request.

 

(iii) Non-Accountable Expenses. The Company hereby agrees to pay to the Underwriter upon the consummation of the Offering, a non-accountable expense allowance equal to one and a half percent (1.5%) of the gross proceeds of the offering.

 

(iv) Expenses. Whether or not the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Registration Statement are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, the Company hereby agrees to pay all costs and expenses incident to the Offering, including the following:

 

  A. all expenses in connection with the preparation, printing, formatting for EDGAR and filing of the Registration Statement, and any and all amendments and supplements thereto and the mailing and delivering of copies thereof to the Underwriter and dealers;
  B. all fees and expenses in connection with filings with FINRA’s Public Offering System;
  C. all fees, disbursements and expenses of the Company’s counsel and accountants in connection with the registration of the Offered Securities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and the Offering;
  D. all reasonable expenses in connection with the qualifications of the Offered Securities for offering and sale under state or blue-sky laws, when applicable;
  E. all fees and expenses in connection with listing the Offered Securities on the NYSE or Nasdaq (a “Senior Exchange”);
  F. any stock transfer taxes incurred in connection with this Agreement or the Offering;
  G. the cost and charges of any transfer agent or registrar for the Securities, including the legal fees and costs in connection with the exercise of Underwriter’s Warrants, such as a legal opinion;
  H.

all of the Underwriter’s reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in connection with the performance of its services hereunder, with the aggregate amount not to exceed $95,000, including but not limited to:

(i) Underwriter’s counsel’s fees and expenses up to $40,000;

(ii) due diligence and other expenses incurred prior to completion of the Offering, which shall not exceed $50,000;

(iii) road show, travel, platform on-boarding fees, and other reasonable out-of-pocket accountable expenses which shall not exceed $30,000 (the “Road Show and Travel Expenses”);

(iv) $5,000 for background checks on the Company’s officers, directors and major shareholders; and  

 

Prior to the date of this Agreement, the Company has paid $74,950 to the Underwriter. Any advances made by the Company have been (and shall be) made for reasonably anticipated out-of-pocket accountable expenses in connection with the Offering, and any unused portion will be returned to the Company to the extent not actually incurred. 

 

2

 

 

In the event that this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 9 hereof, or subsequent to a Material Adverse Change, the Company will pay all documented out-of-pocket and unreimbursed expenses of the Underwriter (including but not limited to fees and disbursements of Underwriter’s counsel, expenses associated with a due diligence report and reasonable travel specified in Sections 1(a)(iii)(H) incurred in connection herewith which shall be limited to expenses which are actually incurred as allowed under FINRA Rule 5110 and in any event, the aggregate amount of such expenses to be paid or reimbursed by the Company directly or indirectly to or on behalf of the Underwriter shall not exceed $95,000.

 

(b) Exclusivity. The term of the Underwriter’s exclusive engagement (the “Exclusive Term”) will be until the earlier of the one-year anniversary of the Closing Date of the Offering or by mutual written consent of the parties. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the provisions concerning confidentiality, indemnification and contribution contained herein will survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement, and the Company’s obligation to pay fees actually earned and payable and to reimburse expenses actually incurred and reimbursable pursuant to Section 1 hereof and which are permitted to be reimbursed under FINRA Rule 5110(g)(4)(A), will survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to limit the ability of the Underwriter or its Affiliates to pursue, investigate, analyze, invest in, or engage in investment banking, financial advisory or any other business relationship with Persons (as defined below) other than the Company. As used herein (i) “Persons” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind and (ii) “Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act. If during the Exclusive Term, or within twelve (12) months after the date of termination or expiration of the Engagement Letter dated November 6, 2020  (The “Engagement Letter”), the Company sells securities to investors who become aware of or become known to the Company prior to such termination or expiration, then the Company shall pay to the Underwriter, at the time of each such sale, the compensation, including the warrants, set forth in Section 1(a) above, with respect to any such sale.

 

Section 2. Representations, Warranties and Covenants of the Company. The Company hereby represents, warrants and covenants to the Underwriter, as of the date hereof, and as of each Closing Date, except as set out in the Registration Statement, as follows:

 

(a) Securities Law Filings. The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a registration statement on Form S-1 (Registration File No. 333-232378) under the Securities Act and the rules and regulations (the “Rules and Regulations”) of the Commission promulgated thereunder. At the time of the effective date of the Registration Statement, the Registration Statement and amendments will materially meet the requirements of Form S-1 under the Securities Act. The Company will file with the Commission pursuant to Rules 430A and 424(b) under the Securities Act, a final prospectus included in such registration statement relating to the Offering and the underwriting thereof (the “Final Prospectus”) and has advised the Underwriter of all further information (financial and other) with respect to the Company required to be set forth therein. Such registration statement, including the exhibits thereto, as amended at the date of this Agreement, is hereinafter called the “Registration Statement”; such prospectus in the form in which it appears in the Registration Statement as amended at the date of this Agreement is hereinafter called the “Prospectus.” All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information that is “contained,” “included,” “described,” “referenced,” “set forth” or “stated” in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information that is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be. The Registration Statement has been declared effective on the date hereof. The Company shall, prior to the initial Closing Date, file with the Commission a Form 8-A providing for the registration under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), of the Common Stocks.

 

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(b) Assurances. The Registration Statement (and any further documents to be filed with the Commission) contains all exhibits and schedules as required by the Securities Act. Each of (i) the Registration Statement at the time it became effective, (ii) the Prospectus at the time the Registration Statement became effective, (iii) any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement at the time it becomes effective and (iv) and the Final Prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) at the time of such filing, and at all other subsequent times at each Closing Date, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, and did not and will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not materially misleading (providedhowever, that the preceding representations and warranties contained in this sentence shall not apply to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by the Underwriter expressly for use therein (the “Underwriter Information”). The Prospectus, as of its date, complies in all material respects with the Securities Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations, and the Final Prospectus, as of its date, will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations. As of its date, the Prospectus did not and will and the Final Prospectus will not contain as of the date thereof any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (providedhowever, that the preceding representations and warranties contained in this sentence shall not apply to any Underwriter Information). All post-effective amendments to the Registration Statement reflecting facts or events arising after the date thereof which represent, individually or in the aggregate, a fundamental change in the information set forth therein have been so filed with the Commission. There are no documents required to be filed with the Commission in connection with the transaction contemplated hereby that (x) have not been filed as required pursuant to the Securities Act or (y) will not be filed within the requisite time period. There are no material contracts or other documents required to be described in the Prospectus (or the Final Prospectus) or filed as exhibits or schedules to the Registration Statement that have not been (or will not be) described or filed as required. The Company is eligible to use free writing prospectuses in connection with the Offering pursuant to Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act. Any free writing prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act has been, or will be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations. Each free writing prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act or that was prepared by or behalf of or used by the Company complies or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations. The Company will not, without the prior consent of the Underwriter, prepare, use or refer to, any free writing prospectus. Except as set out on Schedule 2(b), there are no free-writing prospectuses in connection with this offering.

 

(c) Offering Materials. The Company has delivered, or will as promptly as practicable deliver, to the Underwriter complete conformed copies of the Registration Statement and of each consent and certificate of experts, as applicable, filed as a part thereof, and conformed copies of the Registration Statement (without exhibits) and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented (including the Final Prospectus), in such quantities and at such places as the Underwriter reasonably requests. Neither the Company nor any of its directors and officers has distributed and none of them will distribute, prior to any Closing Date, any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Offered Securities other than the Prospectus, the Final Prospectus, the Registration Statement, and any other materials permitted by the Securities Act (collectively, the “Offering Materials”).

 

(d) Subsidiaries. All of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company (the “Subsidiaries”) are described in the Registration Statement to the extent necessary. The Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of its capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any liens, charges, security interests, encumbrances, rights of first refusal, preemptive rights or other restrictions (collectively, “Liens”), and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.

 

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(e) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing (where applicable) under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation or default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any other agreement entered into between the Company and the Underwriter (“Transaction Documents”), (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects (as such prospects are described in the Prospectus) or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under this Agreement or the Offering (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”) and to the best knowledge of the Company, no action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened (“Proceeding”) has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.

 

(f) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and the Offering and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company and each of the other Transaction Documents and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors”) or the Company’s shareholders in connection therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals (as defined below). This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.

 

(g) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party and the transactions contemplated hereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), such conflict, default or violation could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

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(h) Filings, Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party and the transactions contemplated hereby, other than: (i) the filing with the Commission of the Final Prospectus as required by Rule 424 under the Securities Act, (ii) application to a Senior Exchange (the “Trading Market”), for the listing of the Offered Securities for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby and (iii) if applicable, such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the “Required Approvals”).

 

(i) Issuance of the Offered Securities; Registration. The Offered Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, and the terms of the Offering as described in the Prospectus, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Common Stocks underlying the Underwriter’s Warrants (the “Underlying Shares”) are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance the terms of the Underwriter’s Warrants, as applicable, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has sufficient Common Stocks for the issuance of the maximum number of Securities and Underlying Shares issuable pursuant to the Offering as described in the Prospectus.

 

(j) Capitalization. The capitalization of the Company as of the date hereof is as set forth in the Registration Statement, and the Prospectus. The Company has not issued any Common Stocks since the date of this Agreement, other than pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive plans, the issuance of Common Stocks to employees, directors or consultants pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire Common Stocks at any time, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred shares, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive (“Common Stocks Equivalents”). No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Offering Materials. Except as a result of the purchase and sale of the Securities or as disclosed in the Registration Statement, and the Prospectus, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any Common Stocks or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional Common Stocks or Common Stocks Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary. The issuance and sale of the Offered Securities will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue Common Stocks or other securities to any Person (other than the Underwriter) and will not result in a right of any holder of Company securities to adjust the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under any of such securities. There are no securities of the Company or any Subsidiary that have any anti-dilution or similar adjustment rights (other than adjustments for stock splits, recapitalizations, and the like) to the exercise or conversion price, have any exchange rights, or reset rights. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, and the Prospectus, there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any share appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding Common Stocks of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, have been issued in compliance in all material respects with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding Common Stocks was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. No further approval or authorization of any shareholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Offered Securities. Except for the operating agreement of the Company, there are no shareholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s Common Stocks to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s shareholders.

 

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(k) Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the Registration Statement, except as specifically disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Final Prospectus, (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its shareholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any Common Stocks of the Company and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans, if any. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Securities contemplated by the Prospectus or disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective business, prospects (as such prospects are described in the Prospectus), properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least one trading day prior to the date that this representation is made.

 

(l) Litigation. Except for such matter disclosed in the Offering Materials, there is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (an “Action”) which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement, any of the Transaction Documents, the Offering or the Securities or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has within the last 10 years been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company.

 

(m) Labor Relations. No material labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with their employees are good. No executive officer, to the knowledge of the Company, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. To the Company’s actual knowledge, the Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(n) Compliance. Except as set forth in the Offering Materials, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or governmental body or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

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(o) Regulatory Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Prospectus, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.

 

(p) Title to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for Liens disclosed in the Prospectus, Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Except as disclosed in the Offering Materials, any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.

 

(q) Patents and Trademarks. Except as disclosed in the Offering Materials and to the best of the Company’s actual knowledge, the Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the Offering Materials and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”). None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement, except where such action would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as disclosed in the Offering Materials, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the Offering Materials, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as would not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has no knowledge that it lacks or will be unable to obtain any rights or licenses to use all Intellectual Property Rights that are necessary to conduct its business.

 

(r) Transactions with Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, none of the officers or directors of the Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.

 

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(s) Sarbanes-Oxley; Internal Accounting Controls. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and in the Prospectus, the Company is in compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective and applicable to the Company as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of each Closing Date. Except as set forth in the Offering Materials, the Company and the Subsidiaries maintains a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms.

 

(t) Certain Fees, FINRA Affiliation. Except as set forth herein and in the Prospectus, contemplated by this Agreement, or a separate agreement regarding the Offering with a soliciting dealer in the sole discretion of the Underwriter, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, and the Prospectus, to the Company’s knowledge, there are no other arrangements, agreements or understandings of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its stockholders that may affect the Underwriter’s compensation, as determined by FINRA. The Company has not made any direct or indirect payments (in cash, securities or otherwise) to (i) any person, as a finder’s fee, investing fee or otherwise, in consideration of such person raising capital for the Company or introducing to the Company persons who provided capital to the Company, (ii) any FINRA member, or (iii) any person or entity that has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member within the 12-month period prior to the date on which the Registration Statement was filed with the Commission (the “Filing Date”) or thereafter. To the Company’s knowledge, no (i) officer or director of the Company or its subsidiaries, (ii) owner of 5% or more of the Company’s unregistered securities or that of its subsidiaries or (iii) owner of any amount of the Company’s unregistered securities acquired within the 180-day period prior to the Filing Date, has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member. The Company will advise the Underwriter if it becomes aware that any officer, director or stockholder of the Company or its Subsidiaries is or becomes an Affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member participating in the Offering.

 

(u) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Offered Securities, will not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

 

(v) Registration Rights. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, no Person has any right to cause the Company to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company.

 

(w) Registration. The Company shall use its best efforts to maintain the effectiveness of the Registration Statement and a current Prospectus relating thereto for as long as the Offered Securities and the Underwriter’s Warrant remain outstanding. During any period when the Company fails to have maintained an effective Registration Statement or a current Prospectus relating thereto and a holder of an Underwriter’s Warrant desires to exercise such warrants and, in the opinion of counsel to the holder, Rule 144 is not available as an exemption from registration for the resale of the Warrant Shares , the Company shall promptly file a registration statement registering the resale of the Warrant Shares and use its best efforts to have it declared effective by the Commission within ninety (90) days.

 

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(x) Solvency. Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company, as of each Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Offered Securities hereunder, the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, are sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from each Closing Date. The Registration Statement and the Prospectus sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Indebtedness” means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.

 

(y) Tax Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and each Subsidiary (i) has made or filed all income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.

 

(z) Accountants. WWC, P.C. (“WWC”) is the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) has expressed its opinion with respect to the financial statements of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

 

(aa) Office of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).

 

(bb) Company Not Ineligible Issuer. (i) At the time of filing the Registration Statement relating to the Offered Securities and (ii) as of the date of the execution and delivery of this Agreement (with such date being used as the determination date for purposes of this clause (ii)), the Company met all the requirements set forth in General Instruction I of Form S-1.

 

(cc) Emerging Growth Company. From the time of the initial confidential submission of the Registration Statement to the Commission (or, if earlier, the first date on which the Company engaged directly or through any person authorized to act on its behalf in any Testing-the-Waters Communications) through the date hereof, the Company has been and is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act (an “Emerging Growth Company”). “Testing-the-Waters Communication” means any oral or written communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on Section 5(d) of the Securities Act.

 

(dd) Certificates. Any certificate signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to the Underwriter or to counsel for the Underwriter shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company to the Underwriter as to the matters set forth therein.

 

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(ee) Reliance. The Company acknowledges that the Underwriter will rely upon the accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations and warranties and hereby consents to such reliance.

 

(ff) Forward-Looking Statements. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in either the Registration Statement or the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.

 

(gg) Statistical or Market-Related Data. Any statistical, industry-related and market-related data included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, are based on or derived from sources that the Company reasonably and in good faith believes to be reliable and accurate, and such data agree with the sources from which they are derived.

 

(hh) Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stocks are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Securities under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration. Except as disclosed in the Offering Materials, the Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common Stocks are currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer. The issuance and sale of the Securities hereunder does not contravene the rules and regulations of a Senior Exchange.

 

(ii) Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company, nor to the knowledge of the Company, any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.

 

(jj) Regulation M Compliance. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Offered Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Offered Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Underwriter in connection with the Offering.

 

(kk) Testing the Waters Communications. The Company (a) has not alone engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communication other than Testing-the-Waters Communications with the consent of the Underwriter with entities that are qualified institutional buyers within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act or institutions that are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501 under the Securities Act and (b) has not authorized anyone other than the Underwriter to engage in Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company reconfirms that the Underwriter has been authorized to act on its behalf in undertaking Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company has not distributed any Written Testing-the-Waters Communications.

 

(ll) Money Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.

 

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(mm) Insurance. The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as the Company believes are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.

 

(nn) Bank Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or 25 percent or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.

 

(oo) U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon the Underwriter’s request.

 

(pp) Senior Exchange Listing. The Common Stocks has been approved for listing on a Senior Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, delisting the Common Stocks from the Senor Exchange, nor has the Company received any notification that the Senor Exchange is contemplating terminating such listing.

 

(qq) D&O Questionnaires. To the Company’s knowledge, all information contained in the questionnaires (the “Questionnaires”) completed by each of the Company’s directors, officers and 5% shareholders immediately prior to the Offering (the “Insiders”) as supplemented by all information concerning the Company’s directors, officers and principal shareholders as described in the Offering Materials, provided to the Underwriter, is true and correct in all material respects and the Company has not become aware of any information which would cause the information disclosed in the Questionnaires to become materially inaccurate and incorrect.

 

(rr) Electronic Road Show. The Company has made available a “bona fide electronic road show” in compliance with Rule 433(d)(8)(ii) of the Securities Act Regulations such that no filing of any “road show” (as defined in Rule 433(h) of the Securities Act Regulations) is required in connection with the Offering.

 

(ss) Margin Securities. The Company owns no “margin securities” as that term is defined in Regulation U of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”), and none of the proceeds of Offering will be used, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of purchasing or carrying any margin security, for the purpose of reducing or retiring any indebtedness which was originally incurred to purchase or carry any margin security or for any other purpose which might cause any of the Securities to be considered a “purpose credit” within the meanings of Regulation T, U or X of the Federal Reserve Board.

 

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(tt) Export and Import Laws. The Company and, to the Company's knowledge, each of its Affiliates, and any director, officer, agent or employee of, or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company, has acted at all times in compliance with applicable Export and Import Laws (as defined below) and there are no claims, complaints, charges, investigations or Proceedings pending or expected or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened between the Company or any of its subsidiaries and any governmental authority under any Export or Import Laws. The term “Export and Import Laws” means the Arms Export Control Act, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, the Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended, the Export Administration Regulations, and all other laws and regulations of the United States government regulating the provision of services to non-U.S. parties or the export and import of articles or information from and to the United States of America, and all similar laws and regulations of any foreign government regulating the provision of services to parties not of the foreign country or the export and import of articles and information from and to the foreign country to parties not of the foreign country.

 

(uu) Integration. Neither the Company, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause the Offering to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of the Securities Act that would require the registration of any such securities under the Securities Act.

 

(vv) No Fiduciary Duties. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriter’s responsibility to the Company is solely contractual in nature and that none of the Underwriter or its Affiliates or any selling agent shall be deemed to be acting in a fiduciary capacity, or otherwise owes any fiduciary duty to the Company or any of its Affiliates in connection with the Offering and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company acknowledges that the Underwriter may have financial interests in the success of the Offering that are not limited to the difference between the Per Share Price to the public and the purchase price paid to the Company by the Underwriter for the Offering Securities and the Underwriter has no obligation to disclose, or account to the Company for, any of such additional financial interests. The Company hereby waives and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have against the Underwriter with respect to any breach or alleged breach of fiduciary duty.

 

Section 3. Delivery and Payment.

 

(a) On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, but subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company agrees to issue and sell the Offered Securities to the Underwriter, and the Underwriter agrees to purchase the Offered Securities. The purchase price for each Underwritten Share shall be $[----] (the “Per Share Price”).

 

(b) The Company hereby grants to the Underwriter the option to purchase some or all of the Additional Shares, and, upon the basis of the warranties and representations and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Underwriter shall have the right to purchase all or any portion of the Additional Shares at the Per Share Price as may be necessary to cover over-allotments made in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby. This option may be exercised by the Underwriter at any time (but not more than once) on or before the forty-fifth (45th) day following the date hereof, by written notice to the Company (the “Option Notice”). The Option Notice shall set forth the aggregate number of Additional Shares as to which the option is being exercised, and the date and time when the Additional Shares are to be delivered (such date and time being herein referred to as the “Option Closing Date”); provided, however, that the Option Closing Date shall not be earlier than the Closing Date (as defined below) nor earlier than the second business day after the date on which the option shall have been exercised (or third business day if the Option Notice is given after 4.30pm Eastern Time) nor later than the fifth business day after the date on which the option shall have been exercised unless the Company and the Underwriter otherwise agree. Payment of the purchase price for and delivery of the Additional Shares shall be made at the Option Closing Date in the same manner and at the same office as the payment for the Underwritten Shares as set forth in subparagraph (c) below.

 

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(c) The Underwritten Shares will be delivered by the Company to the Underwriter against payment of the purchase price therefor by wire transfer of same day funds payable to the order of the Company’s offices, or such other location as may be mutually acceptable, at 6:00 a.m. Pacific Time, on the second (or if the Underwritten Shares are priced, as contemplated by Rule 15c6-1(c) under the Exchange Act, after 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time, the third) full business day following the date hereof, or at such other time and date as the Underwriter and the Company determine pursuant to Rule 15c6-1(a) under the Exchange Act, or, in the case of the Additional Shares, at such date and time set forth in the Option Notice. The time and date of delivery of the Underwritten Shares, or the Additional Shares, as applicable, is referred to herein as the “Closing Date”. If the Underwriter so elects, delivery of the Underwritten Shares and Additional Shares may be made by credit through full fast transfer to the account at The Depository Trust Company designated by the Underwriter.

 

Section 4. Covenants and Agreements of the Company. The Company further covenants and agrees with the Underwriter as follows:

 

(a) Registration Statement Matters. The Registration Statement and any amendments thereto have been declared effective, and if Rule 430A is used or the filing of the Prospectus is otherwise required under Rule 424(b), the Company will file the Prospectus (properly completed if Rule 430A has been used) pursuant to Rule 424(b) within the prescribed time period and will provide evidence satisfactory to the Underwriter of such timely filing. The Company will advise the Underwriter promptly after they receive notice thereof of the time when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective or any supplement or amendment to the Prospectus has been filed and will furnish the Underwriter with copies thereof. The Company will file promptly all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Section 13(a), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of the Prospectus and for so long as the delivery of a prospectus is required in connection with the Offering. The Company will advise the Underwriter, promptly after it receives notice thereof (i) of any request by the Commission to amend the Registration Statement or to amend or supplement the Prospectus or for additional information, and (ii) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or any order preventing or suspending the use of the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto or any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement, of the suspension of the qualification of the Offered Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, of the institution or threatened institution of any proceeding for any such purpose, or of any request by the Commission for the amending or supplementing of the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or for additional information. The Company shall use its best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such stop order or prevention or suspension of such use. If the Commission shall enter any such stop order or order or notice of prevention or suspension at any time, the Company will use its best efforts to obtain the lifting of such order at the earliest possible moment, or will file a new registration statement and use its best efforts to have such new registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable. Additionally, the Company agrees that it shall comply with the provisions of Rules 424(b), 430A, 430B and 430C, as applicable, under the Securities Act, including with respect to the timely filing of documents thereunder, and will use its best efforts to confirm that any filings made by the Company under such Rule 424(b) are received in a timely manner by the Commission.

 

(b) Blue Sky Compliance. The Company will cooperate with the Underwriter in endeavoring to qualify the Offered Securities for sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions (United States and foreign) as the Underwriter may reasonably request and will make such applications, file such documents, and furnish such information as may be reasonably required for that purpose, provided the Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction where it is not now so qualified or required to file such a consent, and provided further that the Company shall not be required to produce any new disclosure document other than the Prospectus. The Company will, from time to time, prepare and file such statements, reports and other documents as are or may be required to continue such qualifications in effect for so long a period as the Underwriter may reasonably request for distribution of the Offered Securities. The Company will advise the Underwriter promptly of the suspension of the qualification or registration of (or any such exemption relating to) the Offered Securities for offering, sale or trading in any jurisdiction or any initiation or threat of any proceeding for any such purpose, and in the event of the issuance of any order suspending such qualification, registration or exemption, the Company shall use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal thereof at the earliest possible moment.

 

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(c) Amendments and Supplements to the Prospectus and Other Matters. The Company will comply with the Rules and Regulations so as to permit the completion of the distribution of the Offered Securities as contemplated in this Agreement and the Prospectus. If during the period in which a prospectus is required by law to be delivered in connection with the distribution of Offered Securities contemplated by the Prospectus (the “Prospectus Delivery Period”), any event shall occur as a result of which, in the judgment of the Company or in the opinion of the Underwriter or counsel for the Underwriter, it becomes necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, as the case may be, not misleading, or if it is necessary at any time to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with any law, the Company will promptly prepare and file with the Commission, and furnish at its own expense to the Underwriter and to dealers, an appropriate amendment to the Registration Statement or supplement to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that is necessary in order to make the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, as the case may be, not misleading, or so that the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as so amended or supplemented, will comply with law. Before amending the Registration Statement or supplementing the Prospectus in connection with the Offering, the Company will furnish the Underwriter with a copy of such proposed amendment or supplement and will not file any such amendment or supplement to which the Underwriter reasonably objects; the Underwriter, and its counsel shall have at least three (3) business days to review and return any comments to the Company.

 

(d) Copies of any Amendments and Supplements to the Prospectus. The Company will furnish the Underwriter, without charge, during the period beginning on the date hereof and ending on the final Closing Date of the Offering, as many copies of the Prospectus and any amendments and supplements thereto as the Underwriter may reasonably request.

 

(e) Free Writing Prospectus. The Company covenants that it will not, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Underwriter, make any offer relating to the Offered Securities that would constitute a Company Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus” (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act) required to be filed by the Company with the Commission or retained by the Company under Rule 433 of the Securities Act. In the event that the Underwriter expressly consents in writing to any such free writing prospectus (a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus”), the Company covenants that it shall (i) treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as a Company Free Writing Prospectus, and (ii) comply with the requirements of Rule 164 and 433 of the Securities Act applicable to such Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including in respect of timely filing with the Commission, legending and record keeping. “Company Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 of the Securities Act Regulations (“Rule 433”), including without limitation any “free writing prospectus” (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act Regulations) relating to the public securities that is (i) required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (ii) a “road show that is a written communication” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i), whether or not required to be filed with the Commission, or (iii) exempt from filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the public securities or of the Offering that does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g).

 

(f) Transfer Agent. The Company will maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for its Common Stocks for so long as the Common Stocks are publicly traded.

 

(g) Earnings Statement. As soon as practicable and in accordance with applicable requirements under the Securities Act, but in any event not later than 18 months after the last Closing Date, the Company will make generally available to its security holders and to the Underwriter an earnings statement, covering a period of at least 12 consecutive months beginning after the last Closing Date, that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) and Rule 158 under the Securities Act.

 

(h) Periodic Reporting Obligations. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will duly file, on a timely basis, with the Commission all reports and documents required to be filed under the Exchange Act within the time periods and in the manner required by the Exchange Act.

 

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(i) Additional Documents. The Company will enter into any subscription, purchase or other customary agreements as the Underwriter deem necessary or appropriate to consummate the Offering, all of which will be in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Company and the Underwriter.

 

(j) No Manipulation of Price. The Company will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or result in, or that has constituted or might reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any securities of the Company.

 

(k) Company Lock-Up.

 

(i) The Company will not, without the prior written consent of the Underwriter, from the date of execution of this Agreement and continuing for a period of 180 days from the date on which the trading of the Common Stocks on a Senior Exchange commences (the “Lock-Up Period”), (i) offer, pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file with the Commission a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to, any Common Stocks or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stocks, or (ii) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stocks or any such other securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stocks or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, except to the Underwriter pursuant to this Agreement. The Company agrees not to accelerate the vesting of any option or warrant or the lapse of any repurchase right prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period. 

 

(ii) The restrictions contained in Section 4(k)(i) hereof shall not apply to: (A) the Offered Securities, (B) Common Stocks underlying the Underwriter’s Warrants, (C) any security issued or proposed to be issued under an employee stock purchase plan, (which shall be no more than 10% of the Company’s current issued and outstanding shares) in each case, as described in the Offering Materials, and (D) Common Stocks or other securities issued in connection with a transaction with an unaffiliated third party that includes a bona fide commercial relationship (including joint ventures, marketing or distribution arrangements, collaboration agreements or intellectual property license agreements) or any acquisition of assets or acquisition of not less than a majority or controlling portion of the equity of another entity; provided that (x) the aggregate number of Common Stocks issued pursuant to clause (D) shall not exceed five percent (5%) of the total number of outstanding Common Stocks immediately following the issuance and sale of the Offered Securities and (y) the recipient of any such common stock or other securities issued or granted pursuant to clauses (C) and (D) during the Lock-Up Period shall enter into an agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto.

 

(l) Acknowledgment. The Company acknowledges that any advice given by the Underwriter to the Company is solely for the benefit and use of the Board of Directors of the Company and may not be used, reproduced, disseminated, quoted or referred to, without such Underwriter’s prior written consent.

 

(m) Listing. The Company shall use its best efforts to maintain the listing of the Offered Securities on a Senior Exchange for five (5) years after the date of this Agreement.

 

(n) Application of Net Proceeds. The Company shall apply the net proceeds from the Offering of the Offered Securities received by it in a manner consistent with the application thereof described under the caption “Use of Proceeds” in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Final Prospectus.

 

(o) Rule 158. The Company will timely file such reports pursuant to the Exchange Act as are necessary in order to make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable an earnings statement for the purposes of, and to provide to the Underwriter the benefits contemplated by Rule 158(a) under Section 11(a) of the Securities Act.

 

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(p) Stabilization. Neither the Company nor, to its knowledge, any of its employees, directors or shareholders (without the consent of the Underwriter) has taken or shall take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that has constituted or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under Regulation M of the Exchange Act, or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Offered Securities.

 

(q) Internal Controls. The Company shall maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary in order to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.

 

(r) Accountants. The Company shall retain an independent registered public accounting firm reasonably acceptable to the Underwriter (it being understood that WWC is an independent registered public accounting firm that is reasonably acceptable to the Underwriter), and the Company shall continue to retain a nationally recognized independent registered public accounting firm for a period of at least five (5) years after the date of this Agreement.

 

(s) FINRA. The Company shall advise the Underwriter (who shall make an appropriate filing with FINRA) if it is or becomes aware that (i) any officer or director of the Company, (ii) any beneficial owner of 5% or more of any class of the Company's securities or (iii) any beneficial owner of the Company's unregistered equity securities which were acquired during the 180 days immediately preceding the original filing of the Registration Statement is or becomes an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member participating in the Offering (as determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA).

 

(t) Board Composition and Board Designations. The Company shall ensure that: (i) the qualifications of the persons serving as Board members and the overall composition of the Board comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules promulgated thereunder and with the listing requirements of the Senior Exchange and (ii) if applicable, at least one member of the Board qualifies as a “financial expert” as such term is defined under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules promulgated thereunder. 

 

Section 5. Conditions of the Obligations of the Underwriter. The obligations of the Underwriter hereunder shall be subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company set forth in Section 2 hereof, in each case as of the date hereof and as of each Closing Date as though then made, to the timely performance by each of the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder on and as of such dates, and to each of the following additional conditions:

 

(a) Accountants’ Comfort Letter. On the date hereof, the Underwriter shall have received, and the Company shall have caused to be delivered to the Underwriter, a letter from WWC addressed to the Underwriter, dated as of the date hereof, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriter. The letter shall not disclose any change in the condition (financial or other), earnings, operations, business or prospects of the Company from that set forth in the Prospectus, which, in the Underwriter’s sole judgment, is material and adverse and that makes it, in the Underwriter’s sole judgment, impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the Offering of the Offered Securities as contemplated by the Prospectus.

 

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(b) Compliance with Registration Requirements; No Stop Order; No Objection from the FINRA. The Registration Statement shall have become effective and all necessary regulatory and listing approvals shall have been received not later than 5:30 P.M., New York City time, on the date of this Agreement, or at such later time and date as shall have been consented to in writing by the Underwriter. The Prospectus (in accordance with Rule 424(b)) and “free writing prospectus” (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act), if any, shall have been duly filed with the Commission in a timely fashion in accordance with the terms thereof. At or prior to each Closing Date and the actual time of the Closing, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof shall have been issued and no proceeding for that purpose shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; no order preventing or suspending the use of the Prospectus shall have been issued and no proceeding for that purpose shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; no order having the effect of ceasing or suspending the distribution of the Offered Securities or any other securities of the Company shall have been issued by any securities commission, securities regulatory authority or stock exchange and no proceedings for that purpose shall have been instituted or shall be pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, contemplated by any securities commission, securities regulatory authority or stock exchange; all requests for additional information on the part of the Commission shall have been complied with; and the FINRA shall have raised no objections to the fairness and reasonableness of the placement terms and arrangements. On the Closing Date, the Company’s Common Stocks shall have been approved for listing on the Senior Exchange.

 

(c) Corporate Proceedings. All corporate proceedings and other legal matters in connection with this Agreement, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and the registration, sale and delivery of the Securities, shall have been completed or resolved in a manner reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter’s counsel.

 

(d) No Material Adverse Effect. Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to each Closing Date, in the Underwriter’s sole judgment after consultation with the Company, there shall not have occurred any Material Adverse Effect.

 

(e) Opinions of Counsel for the Company. The Underwriter shall have received on each Closing Date

 

(i) the favorable opinion of Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP, Company securities counsel, dated as of such Closing Date, including, without limitation, a customary negative assurance letter, addressed to the Underwriter in customary form reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter;

 

(ii) the favorable opinion of Gaopeng & Partners Law Firm, Company PRC counsel, dated as of such Closing Date, including, without limitation, a customary negative assurance letter for applicable sections, addressed to the Underwriter in customary form reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter.

 

The Underwriter shall rely on the opinions of the Company’s PRC counsel, Gaopeng & Partners Law Firm, filed as Exhibit 8.1 to the Registration Statement.

 

(f) Officers’ Certificate. The Underwriter shall have received on each Closing Date a certificate of the Company, substantially in the form attached hereto as Annex I, dated as of such Closing Date, signed by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, to the effect that, and the Underwriter shall be satisfied that, the signers of such certificate have reviewed the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and this Agreement and to the further effect that:

 

(i) The representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct, as if made on and as of such Closing Date, and the Company has complied with all the agreements and satisfied all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to such Closing Date;

 

(ii) No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the use of the Prospectus has been issued and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened under the Securities Act; no order having the effect of ceasing or suspending the distribution of the Offered Securities or any other securities of the Company has been issued by any securities commission, securities regulatory authority or stock exchange in the United States and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, contemplated by any securities commission, securities regulatory authority or stock exchange in the United States; 

 

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(iii) When the Registration Statement became effective, at the time of sale, and at all times subsequent thereto up to the delivery of such certificate, the Registration Statement, when it became effective, contained all material information required to be included therein by the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, as the case may be, and in all material respects conformed to the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, as the case may be, and the Registration Statement, did not and does not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (providedhowever, that the preceding representations and warranties contained in this paragraph (iii) shall not apply to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information) and, since the effective date of the Registration Statement, there has occurred no event required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder to be set forth in the Registration Statement which has not been so set forth; and

 

(iv) Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, there has not been: (a) any Material Adverse Effect; (b) any transaction that is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, except transactions entered into in the ordinary course of business; (c) any obligation, direct or contingent, that is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, incurred by the Company or any Subsidiary, except obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business; (d) any material change in the capital stock (except changes thereto resulting from the exercise of outstanding options or warrants or conversion of outstanding indebtedness into Common Stocks of the Company) or outstanding indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary (except for the conversion of such indebtedness into Common Stocks of the Company); (e) any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made on Common Stocks of the Company; or (f) any loss or damage (whether or not insured) to the property of the Company or any Subsidiary which has been sustained or will have been sustained which has a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(g) Secretary’s Certificate. As of each Closing Date the Underwriter shall have received a certificate of the Company signed by the Chief Financial Officer (since the Company does not have a secretary) of the Company, substantially in the form attached hereto as Annex II, dated such Closing Date, certifying: (i) that each of the Company’s Articles of Association and Memorandum of Association attached to such certificate is true and complete, has not been modified and is in full force and effect; (ii) that each of the Subsidiaries’ Articles of Association, Memorandum of Association or charter documents attached to such certificate is true and complete, has not been modified and is in full force and effect; (iii) that the resolutions of the Company’s Board of Directors relating to the Offering attached to such certificate are in full force and effect and have not been modified; and (iv) the good standing of the Company and each of the Subsidiaries. The documents referred to in such certificate shall be attached to such certificate.

 

(h) Chief Financial Officer’s Certificate. As of each Closing Date the Underwriter shall have received a certificate of the Company signed by the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, substantially in the form attached hereto as Annex III, dated such Closing Date, certifying: (i) certain financial data contained in the Registration Statement and Prospectus is correct, complete, and accurate in all material respects; and (ii) providing “management comfort” with respect to such information, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter.

 

(i) Bring-down Comfort Letter. On each Closing Date, the Underwriter shall have received from WWC, or such other independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Company at such time, a letter dated as of such Closing Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriter, to the effect that they reaffirm the statements made in the letter furnished pursuant to subsection (a) of this Section 5, except that the specified date referred to therein for the carrying out of procedures shall be no more than three business days prior to such Closing Date.

 

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(j) Additional Documents. On or before each Closing Date, the Underwriter and counsel for the Underwriter shall have received such customary information and documents as they may reasonably require for the purposes of enabling them to pass upon the issuance and sale of the Offered Securities as contemplated herein, or in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations and warranties, or the satisfaction of any of the conditions or agreements, herein contained. If any condition specified in this Section 5 is not satisfied when and as required to be satisfied, this Agreement may be terminated by the Underwriter by notice to the Company at any time on or prior to such Closing Date, which termination shall be without liability on the part of any party to any other party, except that Section 6 (Payment of Expenses), Section 7 (Indemnification and Contribution) and Section 8 (Representations and Indemnities to Survive Delivery) shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.

 

(k) Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement or, if earlier, the dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement (exclusive of any amendment thereof) and the Prospectus (exclusive of any supplement thereto), there shall not have been any change in the capital stock or long-term debt of the Company (other than as described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus) or any change or development involving a change, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, in the business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, shareholders' equity, properties or prospects of the Company, taken as a whole, including but not limited to the occurrence of any fire, flood, storm, explosion, accident, act of war or terrorism or other calamity, the effect of which, in any such case described above, is, in the sole judgment of the Underwriter, so material and adverse as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the sale of Offered Securities or Offering as contemplated hereby. 

 

(l) Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and up to each Closing Date, there shall not have occurred any of the following: (i) trading in securities generally on a Senior Exchange or any Trading Market shall not have commenced, (ii) a banking moratorium shall have been declared by federal or state authorities or a material disruption has occurred in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services in the United States, (iii) the United States shall have become engaged in hostilities in which it is not currently engaged, the subject of an act of terrorism, there shall have been an escalation in hostilities involving the United States, or there shall have been a declaration of a national emergency or war by the United States, or (iv) there shall have occurred any other calamity or crisis or any change in general economic, political or financial conditions in the United States or elsewhere, if the effect of any such event in clause (ii) or (iv) makes it, in the sole judgment of the Underwriter, impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the sale or delivery of the Offered Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated by the Prospectus.

 

(m) The Underwriter shall have received a lock-up agreement from each Lock-Up Party set forth on Schedule A, duly executed by the applicable Lock-Up Party, in each case substantially in the form attached as Exhibit A.

 

(n) No action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any federal, state or foreign governmental or regulatory authority that would, as of any Closing Date, prevent the issuance or sale of the Offered Securities; and no injunction or order of any federal, state or foreign court shall have been issued that would, as of such Closing Date, prevent the issuance or sale of the Offered Securities or materially and adversely affect or potentially materially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company.

 

If any of the conditions specified in this Section 5 shall not have been fulfilled when and as required by this Agreement, or if any of the certificates, opinions, written statements or letters furnished to the Underwriter or to Underwriter' counsel pursuant to this Section 5 shall not be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Underwriter and to Underwriter' counsel, all obligations of the Underwriter hereunder may be cancelled by the Underwriter at, or at any time prior to, the consummation of the Offering. Notice of such cancellation shall be given to the Company in writing or orally. Any such oral notice shall be confirmed promptly thereafter in writing.

 

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Section 6. Payment of Company Expenses. The Company agrees to pay all costs, fees and expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the performance of its obligations hereunder and in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation: (i) all expenses incident to the issuance, delivery and qualification of the Securities (including all printing and engraving costs); (ii) all fees and expenses of the registrar and transfer agent of the Offered Securities; (iii) all necessary issue, transfer and other stamp taxes in connection with the issuance and sale of the Offered Securities; (iv) all fees and expenses of the Company’s counsel, independent public or certified public accountants and other advisors; (v) all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation, printing, filing, shipping and distribution of the Registration Statement (including financial statements, exhibits, schedules, consents and certificates of experts), the Prospectus, and all amendments and supplements thereto, and this Agreement; (vi) all filing fees, reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses incurred by the Company or the Underwriter in connection with qualifying or registering (or obtaining exemptions from the qualification or registration of) all or any part of the Securities for offer and sale under the state securities or blue sky laws or the securities laws of any other country, and, if reasonably requested by the Underwriter, preparing and printing a “Blue Sky Survey,” an “International Blue Sky Survey” or other memorandum, and any supplements thereto, advising any of the Underwriter of such qualifications, registrations and exemptions; (vii) if applicable, the filing fees incident to the review and approval by the FINRA of the Underwriter’s participation in the offering and distribution of the Securities; (viii) the fees and expenses associated with including the Common Stocks on the Trading Market; and (ix) all costs and expenses incident to the travel and accommodation of the Company’s employees on the “roadshow,” as described in Section 1(a)(iii) of this Agreement. 

 

Section 7. Indemnification and Contribution.

 

(a) The Company agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Underwriter, its Affiliates, directors and officers and employees, and each person, if any, who controls the Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (each an “Underwriter Indemnified Party”), from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities (including in settlement of any litigation if such settlement is effected with the prior written consent of the Company) arising out of (i) an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, including the information deemed to be a part of the Registration Statement at the time of effectiveness and at any subsequent time pursuant to Rules 430A and 430B of the Securities Act Regulations, or arise out of or are based upon the omission from the Registration Statement, or alleged omission to state therein, a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; or (ii) an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or in any other materials used in connection with the Offering, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and will reimburse such Underwriter Indemnified Party for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by it in connection with evaluating, investigating or defending against such loss, claim, damage, liability or action; provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or, in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information. The indemnification obligations under this Section 7(a) are not exclusive and will be in addition to any liability which the Company might otherwise have and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available at law or in equity to each Underwriter Indemnified Party.

 

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(b) The Underwriter will indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Company, its Affiliates, directors, officers and employees, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (each a “Company Indemnified Party”), from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which such Company Indemnified Party may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Representative), insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information, and will reimburse such Company Indemnified Party for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by it in connection with defending against any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action; provided, however, that the Underwriter shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or, in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Underwriter by the Company. The indemnification obligations under this Section 7(b) are not exclusive and will be in addition to any liability which the Underwriter might otherwise have and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available at law or in equity to each Company Indemnified Party.

 

(c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) above of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under such subsection, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof, but the failure to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve the indemnifying party from any liability that it may have to any indemnified party except to the extent such indemnifying party has been materially prejudiced by such failure. In case any such action shall be brought against any indemnified party, and it shall notify the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party shall be entitled to participate in, and, to the extent that it shall wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of the indemnifying party’s election so to assume the defense thereof, the indemnifying party shall not be liable to such indemnified party under such subsection for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof; provided, however, that if (i) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying party, (ii) a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party), or (iii) the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to assume the defense of such action within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement of the action, the indemnified party shall have the right to employ a single counsel to represent it in any claim in respect of which indemnity may be sought under subsection (a) or (b) of this Section 7, in which event the reasonable fees and expenses of such separate counsel shall be borne by the indemnifying party or parties and reimbursed to the indemnified party as incurred.

 

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(d) The indemnifying party under this Section 7 shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify the indemnified party against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense by reason of such settlement or judgment. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement, compromise or consent to the entry of judgment in any pending or threatened action, suit or proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is a party or could be named and indemnity was or would be sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement, compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party from all liability for claims that are the subject matter of such action, suit or proceeding and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel pursuant to Section 7(c), such indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 45 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request and (ii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement.

 

(e) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 7 is unavailable or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) above, then the indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in subsection (a) or (b) above, (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriter on the other hand from the offering and sale of the Securities or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the Offering (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total cash compensation received by the Underwriter. The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the Underwriter and the parties’ relevant intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such untrue statement or omission. The Company and the Underwriter agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this subsection (e) were to be determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriter was treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in the first sentence of this subsection (e). The amount paid by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in the first sentence of this subsection (e) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending against any action or claim that is the subject of this subsection (e). No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

 

(f) For purposes of this Agreement, the Underwriter confirms, and the Company acknowledges, that there is no information concerning the Underwriter furnished in writing to the Company by the Underwriter specifically for preparation of or inclusion in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus other than the Underwriter Information.

  

Section 8. Representations and Indemnities to Survive Delivery. The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company or any person controlling the Company, of its officers, and of the Underwriter set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Underwriter, the Company, or any of its or their partners, officers or directors or any controlling person, as the case may be, and will survive delivery of and payment for the Offered Securities sold hereunder and any termination of this Agreement. A successor to the Underwriter, or to the Company, its directors or officers or any person controlling the Company, shall be entitled to the benefits of the indemnity, contribution and reimbursement agreements contained in this Agreement.

 

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Section 9. Termination.

 

(a) This Agreement shall become effective upon the later of: (i) receipt by the Underwriter and the Company of notification of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or (ii) the execution of this Agreement. The Underwriter shall have the right to terminate this Agreement at any time upon 15 days written notice to the Company, or as practical as possible prior to any Closing Date if: (i) any domestic or international event or act or occurrence has materially disrupted, or in the reasonable opinion of the Underwriter will in the immediate future materially disrupt, the market for the Company's securities or securities in general; or (ii) trading on a Senior Exchange has been rejected by such Senior Exchange or made subject to material limitations, or minimum or maximum prices for trading have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices for securities have been required, on the Senior Exchange or by order of the Commission, FINRA or any other governmental authority having jurisdiction; or (iii) a banking moratorium has been declared by any state or federal authority or any material disruption in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services has occurred; or (iv) (A) there has occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities or acts of terrorism involving the United States or China or there is a declaration of a national emergency or war by the United States or China or (B) there has been any other calamity or crisis or any change in political, financial or economic conditions, if the effect of any such event in (A) or (B), in the reasonable judgment of the Underwriter, is so material and adverse that such event makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the Offering, sale and delivery of the Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated by the Prospectus.

 

(b) Any notice of termination pursuant to this Section 9 shall be in writing.

 

(c) If this Agreement shall be terminated pursuant to any of the provisions hereof, or if the sale of the Securities provided for herein is not consummated because any condition to the obligations of the Underwriter set forth herein is not satisfied or because of any refusal, inability or failure on the part of the Company to perform any agreement herein or comply with any provision hereof, the Company will, subject to demand by the Underwriter, reimburse the Underwriter for only those out-of-pocket expenses (including the reasonable fees and expenses of their counsel, and expenses associated with a due diligence report), actually incurred by the Underwriter in connection herewith as allowed under FINRA Rule 5110, less any amounts previously paid by the Company, subject to the cap on expenses set forth in Section 1(a)(iii) hereof. To the extent that the Underwriter’s out-of-pocket expenses are less than the sums already advanced by the Company to the Underwriter (“Advances”), the Underwriter will return to the Company that portion of the Advances not offset by actual expenses.

 

Section 10. Right of First Refusal The Company agrees that it shall provide the Underwriter the right of first refusal ("Right of First Refusal") for one (1) year from the date of commencement of sales of the Offering to act as financial advisor or to act as joint financial advisor on at least equal economic terms on any public or private financing (debt or equity), merger, business combination, recapitalization or sale of some or all of the equity or assets of the Company (collectively, "Future Services"). In the event the Company notifies the Underwriter of its intention to pursue an activity that would enable the Underwriter to exercise its Right of First Refusal to provide Future Services, the Underwriter shall notify the Company of its election to provide such Future Services, including notification of the compensation and other terms to which the Underwriter claims to be entitled, within thirty (30) days of written notice by the Company. In the event the Company engages the Underwriter to provide such Future Services, the Underwriter will be compensated consistent with Section 2 of the Engagement Letter, unless mutually agreed otherwise by the Company and the Underwriter. Notwithstanding the above, the Company has the right to terminate the Engagement Letter “for cause” in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(5)(B)(i). The exercise of such right of termination “for cause” eliminates the Company’s obligations with respect to the provisions relating to the Right of First Refusal. For the avoidance of doubt, “for cause” termination shall include termination due to any material failure by the Underwriter to provide the underwriting services contemplated herein.

 

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Section 11. Notices. All communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be mailed, hand delivered, delivered by reputable overnight courier (i.e., Federal Express) or delivered by facsimile or e-mail transmission to the parties hereto as follows:

 

If to the Underwriter, then to:

 

Boustead Securities, LLC

6 Venture, Suite 395

Irvine, CA 92618

Attn: Keith Moore

Attn: Daniel J. McClory

Email: Keith@boustead1828.com
  Dan@boustead1828.com

 

With a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

 

VCL Law LLP

1945 Old Gallows Road, Suite 630

Vienna, VA 22182

Attn: Fang Liu, Esq.

Email: fliu@vcllegal.com

 

If to the Company:

 

Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.

2498 Wanfeng Highway, Lane 181

Fengjing Town, Jinshan District, Shanghai

People’s Republic of China 201501

+86-21-67355092

Attn: Mr. Lirong Wang, CEO

Email:

 

With a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

 

Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP

366 Madison Avenue, 3rd Floor

New York, NY 10017

Attn: William S. Rosenstadt, Esq.
  Mengyi “Jason” Ye, Esq.
  Yarona L. Yieh, Esq.

Email: jye@orllp.legal; yly@orllp.legal

 

Any party hereto may change the address for receipt of communications by giving written notice to the others.

 

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Section 12. Successors. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto, and to the benefit of the employees, officers and directors and controlling persons referred to in Section 7 hereof, and to their respective successors, and no other person will have any right or obligation hereunder.

 

Section 13. Partial Unenforceability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other section, paragraph or provision hereof. If any Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement is for any reason determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to make it valid and enforceable.

 

Section 14. Governing Law Provisions. This Agreement shall be deemed to have been made and delivered in New York and both this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby shall be governed as to validity, interpretation, construction, effect and in all other respects by the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the conflict of laws principles thereof. Each of the Underwriter and the Company: (i) agrees that any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement and/or the transactions contemplated hereby shall be instituted exclusively in New York Supreme Court, County of New York, or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, (ii) waives any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the venue of any such suit, action or proceeding, and (iii) irrevocably consents to the jurisdiction of the New York Supreme Court, County of New York, and the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in any such suit, action or proceeding. Each of the Underwriter and the Company further agrees to accept and acknowledge service of any and all process which may be served in any such suit, action or proceeding in the New York Supreme Court, County of New York, or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and agrees that service of process upon the Company mailed by certified mail to the Company’s address shall be deemed in every respect effective service of process upon the Company, in any such suit, action or proceeding, and service of process upon the Underwriter mailed by certified mail to the Underwriter’s address shall be deemed in every respect effective service process upon the Underwriter, in any such suit, action or proceeding.

 

Section 15. General Provisions.

 

(a) This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all prior written or oral and all contemporaneous oral agreements, understandings and negotiations solely with respect to the subject matters hereof. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, it is understood and agreed by the parties hereto that all other terms and conditions of the Engagement Letter shall remain in full force and effect. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each one of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument. This Agreement may not be amended or modified unless in writing and signed by all of the parties hereto, and no condition herein (express or implied) may be waived unless waived in writing by each party whom the condition is meant to benefit. Section headings herein are for the convenience of the parties only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.

 

(b) The Company acknowledges that in connection with the Offering of the Securities: (i) the Underwriter has acted at arm’s length, is not an agent of, and owes no fiduciary duties to the Company or any other person, (ii) the Underwriter owes the Company only those duties and obligations set forth in this Agreement and (iii) the Underwriter may have interests that differ from those of the Company. The Company waives to the full extent permitted by applicable law any claims it may have against the Underwriter arising from an alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the offering of the Offered Securities.

 

[The remainder of this page has been intentionally left blank.]

 

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If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, please sign below whereupon this instrument, along with all counterparts hereof, shall become a binding agreement in accordance with its terms.

 

  Very truly yours,
   
  MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC.
     
  By:  
    Name:  Lirong Wang
    Title: Chief Executive Officer

 

The foregoing Underwriting Agreement is hereby confirmed and agreed to of the date first above written.

 

  BOUSTEAD SECURITIES, LLC
     
  By:  
    Name:  Keith Moore
    Title: Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

Annex I

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC.

OFFICERS’ CERTIFICATE

 

[●], 2021

 

The undersigned, Lirong Wang, Chief Executive Officer, and Shaw Cheng “David” Chong, Chief Financial Officer, of Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc., a Nevada Company (the “Company”), pursuant to Section 5(f) of the Underwriting Agreement, dated as of [●], by and between the Company and Boustead Securities, LLC as the underwriter named on the Underwriting Agreement, do hereby certify, each in his or her capacity as an officer of the Company, and not individually and without personal liability, on behalf of the Company, as follows:

 

1. Such officer has carefully examined the Registration Statement, any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus and, in his or her opinion, the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto, as of 9:00 a.m. EDT, [●] (the “Applicable Time”) and as of the Closing Date did not include any untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as of its date and as of the Closing Date, the Prospectus and each amendment or supplement thereto, as of the respective date thereof and as of the Closing Date, did not include any untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading.

 

2. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, or the Prospectus, there has not been any Material Adverse Changes or any development involving a prospective Material Adverse Change, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business.

 

3. To the best of his or her knowledge after reasonable investigation, as of the Closing Date, the representations and warranties of the Company in the Underwriting Agreement are true and correct in all material respects (except for those representations and warranties qualified as to materiality, which shall be true and correct in all respects and except for those representations and warranties which refer to facts existing at a specific date, which shall be true and correct as of such date) and the Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied under the Underwriting Agreement at or prior to the Closing Date.

 

4. To the best of his or her knowledge after reasonable investigation, as of the Closing Date, the Company has not sustained any material loss or interference with its businesses, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or any legal or governmental proceeding.

 

5. There are no pro forma or as adjusted financial statements that are required to be included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus pursuant to the Regulations which are not so included.

 

6. No stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof or any amendment thereof or the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale, nor suspending or preventing the use of any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus, has been issued, and no proceeding for that purpose has been instituted or, to the best of his knowledge, is contemplated by the Commission or any state or regulatory body.

 

Capitalized terms used herein but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Underwriting Agreement. This certificate may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which together shall be deemed to be one and the same instrument.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have, on behalf of the Company, signed this certificate as of the date first written above.

 

   
     
  Name: Lirong Wang
  Title: Chief Executive Officer
     
   
     
  Name: Shaw Cheng “David” Chong
  Title: Chief Financial Officer

 

[Signature Page of Officers’ Certificate]

 

 

 

Annex II

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC.

SECRETARY’S CERTIFICATE 

[], 2021

 

The undersigned, Shaw Cheng “David” Chong, hereby certifies that he/she is the duly elected, qualified, and acting Secretary of Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc., a Nevada Company (the “Company”), and that as such he/she is authorized to execute and deliver this certificate in the name and on behalf of the Company. Pursuant to Section 5(g) of the Underwriting Agreement, dated as of [●], by and between the Company and Boustead Securities, LLC as the underwriter named on the Underwriting Agreement, the undersigned further certifies in her capacity as Secretary of the Company and without personal liability, on behalf of the Company, the items set forth below. Capitalized terms used herein but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Underwriting Agreement.

 

1. Attached hereto as Exhibit A are true and complete copies of the resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) either at a meeting or meetings properly held or by the unanimous written consent of each member of the Company's Board and any committee of or designated by the Company’s Board relating to the public offering contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement: all of such resolutions were duly adopted, have not been amended, modified or rescinded and remain in full force and effect; and such resolutions are the only resolutions adopted by the Board or by any committee of or designated by the Board relating to the public offering contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement.

 

2. Attached hereto as Exhibit B is a true, correct, and complete copy of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, together with any and all amendments thereto. No action has been taken to further amend, modify, or repeal such charter documents, which remain in full force and effect in the attached form as of the date hereof. No action has been taken by the Company, its shareholders, directors or officers in contemplation of the filing of any such amendment or other document or in contemplation of the liquidation or dissolution of the Company prior to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement.

 

3. Attached hereto as Exhibit C is a true, correct, and complete copy of the memorandum and articles of association of the Company and any and all amendments thereto. No action has been taken to further amend, modify, or repeal such memorandum and articles of association, which remain in full force and effect in the attached form as of the date hereof.

 

4. Attached hereto as Exhibit D is a true and complete copy of a Certificate of Good Standing, dated [date], 2021, by the Registrar of Companies in the State of Nevada, relating to the Company;

 

5. Each person listed below has been duly elected or appointed to the positions indicated opposite its name and is duly authorized to sign the Underwriting Agreement and each of the documents in connection therewith on behalf of the Company, and the signature appearing opposite such person's name below is its genuine signature.

 

[ Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank ]

 

 

 

Name   Position   Signature
         
Lirong Wang   Chief Executive Officer    
         
Shaw Cheng “David” Chong   Chief Financial Officer  

 

This certificate may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which together shall be deemed to be one and the same instrument.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 

 

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has signed this certificate as of the date first written above.

 

   
  Name: Shaw Cheng “David” Chong
  Title: Chief Financial Officer

 

[Signature Page of Secretary’ Certificate]

 

 

 

Annex III

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC.

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER’S CERTIFICATE

 

[●], 2021

 

The undersigned, Shaw Cheng “David” Chong, hereby certifies that he/she is the duly elected, qualified, and acting Chief Financial Officer, of Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc., a Nevada Company (the “Company”), and that as such he/she is authorized to execute and deliver this certificate in the name and on behalf of the Company. Pursuant to Section 5(h) of the Underwriting Agreement, dated as of [●], 2021, by and between the Company and Boustead Securities, LLC as the underwriter named on the Underwriting Agreement, the undersigned further certifies, solely in the capacity as an officer of the Company for and on behalf of the Company as set forth below.

 

1. I am the Chief Financial Officer of the Company and have been duly appointed to such position as of the date hereof.

 

2. I am providing this certificate in connection with the offering of the securities described in the Registration Statement, and the Prospectus.

 

3. I am familiar with the accounting, operations, records systems and internal controls of the Company and have participated in the preparation of the Registration Statement, and the Prospectus.

 

4. The Company Financial Statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial condition of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries and their results of operations for the periods presented in the Registration Statement, and the Prospectus.

 

5. I have reviewed the disclosure in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the financial and operating information and data identified and circled by VCL Law LLP in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus dated [●], 2021 attached hereto as Exhibit A, and to the best of my knowledge such information is correct, complete and accurate in all material respects.

 

Capitalized terms used herein but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Underwriting Agreement.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 

 

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has signed this certificate as of the date first written above.

 

  MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC.
     
  By:  
  Name: Shaw Cheng “David” Chong
  Title: Chief Financial Officer

 

[Signature Page of CFO Certificate]

 

 

 

Schedule A

 

Lock-up Party

 

Locked-up Parties   Common Stocks
Beneficially Owned
  Lock Up Period
         
Directors/Officers        
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
Other Shareholders:        
         
         
         
         

 

 

 

Exhibit A

Form of Lock-up Agreement

 

[_____________], 2021

 

Boustead Securities, LLC

6 Venture, Suite 395

Irvine, CA 92618

 

Re: Proposed Public Offering by Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

The undersigned, a stockholder, director or officer of Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc., a Nevada company limited by shares (the “Company”), understands that Boustead Securities, LLC (the “Underwriter”) will act as an underwriter to carry out an offering (the “Offering”) of the Company’s common stocks, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stocks”). In recognition of the benefit that the Offering will confer upon the undersigned, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the undersigned agrees with the Underwriter that, without the prior written consent of the Underwriter, during a period of up to 180 days from the date on which the trading of the Common Stocks on the Senior Exchange commences (the “Lock-Up Period”), the undersigned will not, without the prior written consent of the Underwriter, directly or indirectly (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase or otherwise transfer or dispose of any securities of the Company (including the issuance of Common Stocks upon the exercise of options) (collectively, the “Lock-Up Securities”), whether now owned or hereafter acquired by the undersigned or with respect to which the undersigned has or hereafter acquires the power of disposition, or file, or cause to be filed, any registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to any of the foregoing or (ii) enter into any swap or any other agreement or any transaction that transfers, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, the economic consequence of ownership of the Lock-Up Securities, whether any such swap or transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of the Lock-Up Securities or such other securities, in cash or otherwise.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, and subject to the conditions below, the undersigned may transfer the Lock-Up Securities without the prior written consent of the Underwriter as follows, provided that (1) the Underwriter receives a signed lock-up agreement for the balance of the Lock-Up Period from each donee, trustee or transferee, as the case may be, (2) any such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value, (3) such transfers are not required to be reported in any public report or filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or otherwise and (4) the undersigned does not otherwise voluntarily effect any public filing or report regarding such transfers:

 

(1) as a bona fide gift or gifts; or

 

(2) to any trust or other entity for the direct or indirect benefit of, or wholly-owned by, the undersigned or the immediate family of the undersigned (for purposes of this lock-up agreement, “immediate family” shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption, not more remote than first cousin); or

 

(3) if the undersigned is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity (1) transfers to another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity that is a direct or indirect affiliate (as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) of the undersigned or (2) distributions of Common Stocks or any security convertible into or exercisable for Common Stocks to limited partners, limited liability company members or stockholders of the undersigned; or

 

(4) if the undersigned is a trust, transfers to the beneficiary of such trust; or

 

 

 

(5) by will, other testamentary document or intestate succession; or

 

(6) by operation of law pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement.; or

 

(7) pursuant to a trading plan established prior to [__], 2021 pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act.

 

The undersigned further agrees that, prior to engaging in any transaction or taking any other action that is subject to the terms of this lock-up agreement during the Lock-Up Period, it will give notice thereof to the Company and will not consummate such transaction or take any such action unless it has received written confirmation from the Company that the Lock-Up Period has expired.

 

The undersigned understands that, if the Offering shall terminate or be terminated prior to payment for and delivery of the Securities, then this lock-up agreement shall be void and of no further force or effect and the undersigned shall be released from all obligations set forth herein.

 

The undersigned also agrees and consents to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the Company’s transfer agent and registrar against the transfer of the Lock-Up Securities except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions.

 

The undersigned, whether or not participating in the Offering, understands that the Underwriter is proceeding with the Offering in reliance upon this lock-up agreement.

 

This lock-up agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to the conflict of laws principles thereof. Delivery of a signed copy of this lock-up agreement by facsimile or e-mail/ pdf transmission shall be effective as the delivery of the original hereof.

 

[Signature page follows]

 

  Very truly yours,
   
  (Name - Please Print)
   
  (Signature)

 

 

 

Exhibit B

 

Form of Underwriter Warrant

 

THE REGISTERED HOLDER OF THIS PURCHASE WARRANT BY ITS ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT SELL, TRANSFER OR ASSIGN THIS PURCHASE WARRANT EXCEPT AS HEREIN PROVIDED AND THE REGISTERED HOLDER OF THIS PURCHASE WARRANT AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT (A) SELL, TRANSFER, ASSIGN, PLEDGE OR HYPOTHECATE THIS PURCHASE WARRANT FOR A PERIOD OF ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY (180) DAYS FOLLOWING THE COMMENCEMENT OF SALE OF THE OFFERING TO ANYONE OTHER THAN (I) BOUSTEAD SECURITIES, LLC, OR A REPRESENTATIVE OR A SELECTED DEALER IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING, EACH OF WHOM SHALL HAVE AGREED TO THE RESTRICTIONS CONTAINED HEREIN, IN ACCORDANCE WITH FINRA CONDUCT RULE 5110(E)(1), OR (II) A BONA FIDE OFFICER OR PARTNER OF BOUSTEAD SECURITIES, LLC, OR OF ANY SUCH UNDERWRITERS OR SELECTED DEALER, EACH OF WHOM SHALL HAVE AGREED TO THE RESTRICTIONS CONTAINED HEREIN, IN ACCORDANCE WITH FINRA CONDUCT RULE 5110(E)(1); (B) CAUSE THIS PURCHASE WARRANT TO THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE HEREUNDER TO BE THE SUBJECT OF ANY HEDGING, SHORT SALE, DERIVATIVE, PUT OR CALL TRANSACTION THAT WOULD RESULT IN THE EFFECTIVE ECONOMIC DISPOSITION OF THIS PURCHASE WARRANT OR THE SECURITIES HEREUNDER, EXCEPT AS PROVIDED FOR IN FINRA RULE 5110(E)(2).

 

THIS PURCHASE WARRANT IS NOT EXERCISABLE PRIOR TO [●], 20[__]. VOID AFTER 5:00 P.M., EASTERN TIME, [●], 20[__].

 

UNDERWRITER’S WARRANT

 

FOR THE PURCHASE OF [●] COMMON STOCKS

 

OF

 

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC.

 

1. Purchase Warrant. THIS CERTIFIES THAT, pursuant to that certain Underwriting Agreement by and between Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc., a Nevada company (the “Company”), on one hand, and Boustead Securities, LLC (the “Holder”), on the other hand, dated [●], 2021 (the “Underwriting Agreement”), the Holder, as registered owner of this Purchase Warrant, is entitled, at any time or from time to time from [●], 20[__] (the “Exercise Date”), and at or before 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on [●], 20[__] (the “Expiration Date”)1, but not thereafter, to subscribe for, purchase and receive, in whole or in part, up to such number of common stocks of the Company, par value $0.0001 per common stock (the “Common Stocks”) as equates to ten percent (10%) of the Common Stocks in the Offering (the “Shares”), subject to adjustment as provided in Section 6 hereof. If the Expiration Date is a day on which banking institutions are authorized by law or executive order to close, then this Purchase Warrant may be exercised on the next succeeding day which is not such a day in accordance with the terms herein. During the period ending on the Expiration Date, the Company agrees not to take any action that would terminate this Purchase Warrant. This Purchase Warrant is initially exercisable at $        per Common Stock (120% of the price of the Common Stocks sold in the Offering); provided, however, that upon the occurrence of any of the events specified in Section 6 hereof, the rights granted by this Purchase Warrant, including the exercise price per Ordinary Share and the number of Common Stocks to be received upon such exercise, shall be adjusted as therein specified. The term “Exercise Price” shall mean the initial exercise price as set forth above or the adjusted exercise price as a result of the events set forth in Section 6 below, depending on the context. Capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to them in the Underwriting Agreement. 

 

 

 

2. Exercise.

 

2.1 Exercise Form. In order to exercise this Purchase Warrant, the exercise form attached hereto as Exhibit A must be duly executed and completed and delivered to the Company, together with this Purchase Warrant and payment of the Exercise Price for the Common Stocks being purchased payable in cash by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated by the Company, by certified check or official bank check to the order of the Company. If the subscription rights represented hereby shall not be exercised at or before 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the Expiration Date, this Purchase Warrant shall deemed to be exercised at such time on a cashless basis unless the Holder has provided notice to the Company that at such time this Purchase Warrant shall become and be void without further force or effect, and all rights represented hereby shall cease and expire.

 

 

1 Which shall be the five-year anniversary of the Effective Date.

 

2.2 Cashless Exercise. At any time after the Exercise Date and until the Expiration Date, Holder may elect to receive the number of Common Stocks equal to the value of this Purchase Warrant (or the portion thereof being exercised), by surrender of this Purchase Warrant to the Company, together with the exercise form attached hereto, in which event the Company shall issue to Holder, Shares in accordance with the following formula:

 

X = Y(A-B)    
A    
       
Where, X =       The number of Common Stocks to be issued to Holder;
  Y = The number of Common Stocks for which the Purchase Warrant is being exercised;
  A = The fair market value of one Ordinary Share; and
  B = The Exercise Price.

 

For purposes of this Section 2.2, the “fair market value” of an Ordinary Share is defined as follows:

 

  (i) if the Common Stocks are traded on a national securities exchange, the value shall be deemed to be the highest intra-day or closing price on any trading day on such exchange during the five trading days preceding the exercise form being submitted in connection with the exercise of the Purchase Warrant; or

 

  (ii) if the Common Stocks are actively traded over-the-counter, the value shall be deemed to be the weighted average price of the Common Stocks for the five consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately prior to the exercise form being submitted in connection with the exercise of the Purchase Warrant; or

 

  (iii) if there is no market for the Common Stocks, the value shall be the fair market value thereof, as determined in good faith by the Company’s Board of Directors.

 

2.3 Legend. Each certificate for the securities purchased under this Purchase Warrant shall bear the following legends unless such securities have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), or are exempt from registration under the Act:

 

(i) “THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”), OR APPLICABLE STATE LAW. NEITHER THE SECURITIES NOR ANY INTEREST THEREIN MAY BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE ACT, OR PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE LAW WHICH, IN THE OPINION OF COUNSEL TO THE COMPANY, IS AVAILABLE.”

 

(ii) Any legend required by the securities laws of any state to the extent such laws are applicable to the Shares represented by a certificate, instrument, or book entry so legended.

 

 

 

3. Transfer.

 

3.1 General Restrictions. The registered Holder of this Purchase Warrant agrees by his, her or its acceptance hereof, that such Holder will not: (a) sell, transfer, assign, pledge or hypothecate this Purchase Warrant for a period of one hundred eighty (180) days following the commencement of sale of the Offering (the “Effective Date”) to anyone other than: (i) the Underwriter or a selected dealer participating in the Offering, or (ii) a bona fide officer or partner of the Underwriter or of any such selected dealer, in each case in accordance with FINRA Conduct Rule 5110(e)(1), or (b) cause this Purchase Warrant or the securities issuable hereunder to be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of this Purchase Warrant or the securities hereunder, except as provided for in FINRA Rule 5110(e)(2). On and after that date that is one hundred eighty (180) days after the Effective Date, transfers to others may be made subject to compliance with or exemptions from applicable securities laws. In order to make any permitted assignment, the Holder must deliver to the Company the assignment form attached hereto as Exhibit B duly executed and completed, together with this Purchase Warrant and payment of all transfer taxes, if any, payable in connection therewith. The Company shall within five (5) Business Days transfer this Purchase Warrant on the books of the Company and shall execute and deliver a new Purchase Warrant or Purchase Warrants of like tenor to the appropriate assignee(s) expressly evidencing the right to purchase the aggregate number of Common Stocks purchasable hereunder or such portion of such number as shall be contemplated by any such assignment. 

 

3.2 Restrictions Imposed by the Act. The securities evidenced by this Purchase Warrant shall not be transferred unless and until: (i) the Company has received the opinion of counsel for the Company that the securities may be transferred pursuant to an exemption from registration under the Act and applicable state securities laws, the availability of which is established to the reasonable satisfaction of the Company, (ii) a registration statement or a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement relating to the offer and sale of such securities that has been declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) and includes a current prospectus or (iii) a registration statement, pursuant to which the Holder has exercised its registration rights pursuant to Sections 4.1 herein, relating to the offer and sale of such securities has been filed and declared effective by the Commission and compliance with applicable state securities law has been established.

 

4. Registration Rights.

 

4.1 “Piggy-Back” Registration. Unless all of the Common Stocks underlying the Purchase Warrant (collectively, the “Registrable Securities”) are included in an effective registration statement with a current prospectus, the Holder shall have the right, until the Expiration Date, to include the remaining Registrable Securities as part of any other registration of securities filed by the Company (other than in connection with a transaction contemplated by Rule 145 promulgated under the Act or pursuant to Forms S-8, F-3 or any equivalent forms); provided, however, that if, solely in connection with any primary underwritten public offering for the account of the Company, the managing underwriter(s) thereof shall, in its reasonable discretion, impose a limitation on the number of Registrable Securities which may be included in the registration statement because, in such underwriter(s)’ judgment, marketing or other factors dictate such limitation is necessary to facilitate public distribution, then the Company shall be obligated to include in such registration statement only such limited portion of the Registrable Securities with respect to which the Holder requested inclusion hereunder as the underwriter shall reasonably permit; and further provided that ) no such piggy-back rights shall exist for so long as the Registrable Securities (which term shall include those paid as consideration pursuant to the cashless exercise provisions of this Warrant) may be sold pursuant to Rule 144 of the Act without restriction. Any exclusion of Registrable Securities shall be made pro rata among the Holders seeking to include Registrable Securities in proportion to the number of Registrable Securities sought to be included by such Holders; provided, however, that the Company shall not exclude any Registrable Securities unless the Company has first excluded all outstanding securities, the holders of which are not entitled to inclusion of such securities in such Registration Statement or are not entitled to pro rata inclusion with the Registrable Securities. In the event of such a proposed registration, the Company shall furnish the then Holders of outstanding Registrable Securities with not less than fifteen (15) days written notice prior to the proposed date of filing of such registration statement. Such notice to the Holders shall continue to be given for each registration statement filed by the Company until such time as all of the Registrable Securities have been sold by the Holder. The Holders of the Registrable Securities shall exercise the “piggy-back” rights provided for herein by giving written notice, within seven (7) days of the receipt of the Company’s notice of its intention to file a registration statement. Except as otherwise provided in this Purchase Warrant, there shall be no limit on the number of times the Holder may request registration under this Section 4.1.

 

 

 

4.2 General Terms.

 

4.2.1 Expenses of Registration. The Company shall bear all fees and expenses attendant to registering the Registrable Securities pursuant to Section 4 hereof, but the Holders shall pay any and all underwriting commissions and the expenses of any legal counsel selected by the Holders to represent them in connection with the sale of the Registrable Securities.

 

4.2.2 Indemnification. The Company shall indemnify the Holder(s) of the Registrable Securities to be sold pursuant to any registration statement hereunder and each person, if any, who controls such Holders within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20 (a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), against all loss, claim, damage, expense or liability (including all reasonable attorneys’ fees and other expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any claim whatsoever) to which any of them may become subject under the Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, arising from such registration statement but only to the same extent and with the same effect as the provisions pursuant to which the Company has agreed to indemnify the Underwriter contained in Section 7 of the Underwriting Agreement. 

 

4.2.3 Exercise of Purchase Warrant. Nothing contained in this Purchase Warrant shall be construed as requiring the Holder(s) to exercise their Purchase Warrant prior to or after the initial filing of any registration statement or the effectiveness thereof.

 

4.2.4 Documents to be Delivered by Holder(s). Each of the Holder(s) participating in any of the registration statement filed by the Company shall furnish to the Company a completed and executed questionnaire provided by the Company requesting information customarily sought of selling security holders.

 

4.2.5 Damages. Should the registration or the effectiveness thereof required by Section 4 hereof be delayed by the Company or the Company otherwise fails to comply with such provisions, the Holder(s) shall, in addition to any other legal or other relief available to the Holder(s), be entitled to obtain specific performance or other equitable (including injunctive) relief against the threatened breach of such provisions or the continuation of any such breach, without the necessity of proving actual damages and without the necessity of posting bond or other security.

 

5. New Purchase Warrants to be Issued.

 

5.1 Partial Exercise or Transfer. Subject to the restrictions in Section 3 hereof, this Purchase Warrant may be exercised or assigned in whole or in part. In the event of the exercise or assignment hereof in part only, upon surrender of this Purchase Warrant for cancellation, together with the duly executed exercise or assignment form and funds sufficient to pay any Exercise Price and/or transfer tax if exercised pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof, the Company shall cause to be delivered to the Holder without charge a new Purchase Warrant of like tenor to this Purchase Warrant in the name of the Holder evidencing the right of the Holder to purchase the number of Common Stocks purchasable hereunder as to which this Purchase Warrant has not been exercised or assigned.

 

5.2 Lost Certificate. Upon receipt by the Company of evidence satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Purchase Warrant and of reasonably satisfactory indemnification or the posting of a bond, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Purchase Warrant of like tenor and date. Any such new Purchase Warrant executed and delivered as a result of such loss, theft, mutilation or destruction shall constitute a substitute contractual obligation on the part of the Company.

 

6. Adjustments.

 

6.1 Adjustments to Exercise Price and Number of Common Stocks. The Exercise Price and the number of Common Stocks underlying this Purchase Warrant shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as hereinafter set forth:

 

6.1.1 Share Dividends; Split Ups. If, after the date hereof, and subject to the provisions of Section 6.3 below, the number of outstanding Common Stocks is increased by a stock dividend payable in Common Stocks or by a split up of Common Stocks or other similar event, then, on the effective day thereof, the number of Common Stocks purchasable hereunder shall be increased in proportion to such increase in outstanding Common Stocks, and the Exercise Price shall be proportionately decreased.

 

 

 

6.1.2 Aggregation of Common Stocks. If, after the date hereof, and subject to the provisions of Section 6.3 below, the number of outstanding Common Stocks is decreased by a consolidation, combination or reclassification of Common Stocks or other similar event, then, on the effective date thereof, the number of Common Stocks purchasable hereunder shall be decreased in proportion to such decrease in outstanding shares, and the Exercise Price shall be proportionately increased. 

 

6.1.3 Replacement of Common Stocks upon Reorganization, etc. In case of any reclassification or reorganization of the outstanding Common Stocks other than a change covered by Section 6.1.1 or Section 6.1.2 hereof or that solely affects the par value of such Common Stocks, or in the case of any share reconstruction or amalgamation or consolidation of the Company with or into another corporation (other than a consolidation or share reconstruction or amalgamation in which the Company is the continuing corporation and that does not result in any reclassification or reorganization of the outstanding Common Stocks), or in the case of any sale or conveyance to another corporation or entity of the property of the Company as an entirety or substantially as an entirety in connection with which the Company is dissolved, the Holder of this Purchase Warrant shall have the right thereafter (until the expiration of the right of exercise of this Purchase Warrant) to receive upon the exercise hereof, for the same aggregate Exercise Price payable hereunder immediately prior to such event, the kind and amount of common stocks or other securities or property (including cash) receivable upon such reclassification, reorganization, share reconstruction or amalgamation, or consolidation, or upon a dissolution following any such sale or transfer, by a Holder of the number of Common Stocks of the Company obtainable upon exercise of this Purchase Warrant immediately prior to such event; and if any reclassification also results in a change in Common Stocks covered by Section 6.1.1 or Section 6.1.2, then such adjustment shall be made pursuant to Section 6.1.1Section 6.1.2 and this Section 6.1.3. The provisions of this Section 6.1.3 shall similarly apply to successive reclassifications, reorganizations, share reconstructions or amalgamations, or consolidations, sales or other transfers.

 

6.1.4 Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Purchase Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any direct or indirect purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stocks are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stocks, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stocks or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stocks is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spinoff or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding Common Stocks (not including any Common Stocks held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with, the other Persons making or party to such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a "Fundamental Transaction"), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Purchase Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Purchase Warrant Ordinary Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, the number Common Stocks of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional or alternative consideration (the "Alternative Consideration") receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of Common Stocks for which this Purchase Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction. For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternative Consideration based on the amount of Alternative Consideration issuable in respect of one Ordinary Share in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternative Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternative Consideration. If holders of Common Stocks are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternative Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Purchase Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the "Successor Entity") to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Purchase Warrant, and to deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Purchase Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Purchase Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the Common Stocks acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Purchase Warrant prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the Exercise Price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the Common Stocks pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Purchase Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction). Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Purchase Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the "Company" shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of, the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company, under this Purchase Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein. 

 

 

 

6.1.5 Changes in Form of Purchase Warrant. This form of Purchase Warrant need not be changed because of any change pursuant to this Section 6.1, and Purchase Warrants issued after such change may state the same Exercise Price and the same number of Common Stocks as are stated in the Purchase Warrant initially issued pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement. The acceptance by any Holder of the issuance of new Purchase Warrants reflecting a required or permissive change shall not be deemed to waive any rights to an adjustment occurring after the date hereof or the computation thereof.

 

6.2 Substitute Purchase Warrant. In case of any consolidation of the Company with, or share reconstruction or amalgamation of the Company with or into, another corporation (other than a consolidation or share reconstruction or amalgamation which does not result in any reclassification or change of the outstanding Common Stocks), the corporation formed by such consolidation or share reconstruction or amalgamation shall execute and deliver to the Holder a supplemental Purchase Warrant providing that the Holder of each Purchase Warrant then outstanding or to be outstanding shall have the right thereafter (until the stated expiration of such Purchase Warrant) to receive, upon exercise of such Purchase Warrant, the kind and amount of Common Stocks and other securities and property receivable upon such consolidation or share reconstruction or amalgamation, by a holder of the number of Common Stocks of the Company for which such Purchase Warrant might have been exercised immediately prior to such consolidation, share reconstruction or amalgamation, sale or transfer. Such supplemental Purchase Warrant shall provide for adjustments which shall be identical to the adjustments provided for in this Section 6. The above provision of this Section 6 shall similarly apply to successive consolidations or share reconstructions or amalgamations. 

 

6.3 Elimination of Fractional Interests. The Company shall not be required to issue certificates representing fractions of Common Stocks upon the exercise of the Purchase Warrant, nor shall it be required to issue scrip or pay cash in lieu of any fractional interests, it being the intent of the parties that all fractional interests shall be eliminated by rounding any fraction up or down, as the case may be, to the nearest whole number of Common Stocks or other securities, properties or rights.

 

7. Reservation and Listing. The Company shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized Common Stocks, solely for the purpose of issuance upon exercise of this Purchase Warrant, such number of Common Stocks or other securities, properties or rights as shall be issuable upon the exercise thereof. The Company covenants and agrees that, upon exercise of this Purchase Warrant and payment of the Exercise Price therefor, in accordance with the terms hereby, all Common Stocks and other securities issuable upon such exercise shall be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and not subject to preemptive rights of any shareholder. The Company further covenants and agrees that upon exercise of this Purchase Warrant and payment of the exercise price therefor, all Common Stocks and other securities issuable upon such exercise shall be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and not subject to preemptive rights of any shareholder. As long as this Purchase Warrant shall be outstanding, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause all Common Stocks issuable upon exercise of this Purchase Warrant to be listed (subject to official notice of issuance) on all national securities exchanges (or, if applicable, on the OTCQB Market or any successor quotation system) on which the Common Stocks issued to the public in the Offering may then be listed and/or quoted (if at all).

 

8. Certain Notice Requirements.

 

8.1 Holder’s Right to Receive Notice. Nothing herein shall be construed as conferring upon the Holders the right to vote or consent or to receive notice as a shareholder for the election of directors or any other matter, or as having any rights whatsoever as a shareholder of the Company. If, however, at any time prior to the expiration of this Purchase Warrant and its exercise, any of the events described in Section 8.2 shall occur, then, in one or more of said events, the Company shall give written notice of such event at least fifteen days prior to the date fixed as a record date or the date of closing the transfer books (the “Notice Date”) for the determination of the shareholders entitled to such dividend, distribution, conversion or exchange of securities or subscription rights, or entitled to vote on such proposed dissolution, liquidation, winding up or sale. Such notice shall specify such record date or the date of the closing of the transfer books, as the case may be. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall deliver to each Holder a copy of each notice given to the other shareholders of the Company at the same time and in the same manner that such notice is given to the shareholders. 

 

 

 

8.2 Events Requiring Notice. The Company shall be required to give the notice described in this Section 8 upon one or more of the following events: (i) if the Company shall take a record of the holders of its Common Stocks for the purpose of entitling them to receive a dividend or distribution payable otherwise than in cash, or a cash dividend or distribution payable otherwise than out of retained earnings, as indicated by the accounting treatment of such dividend or distribution on the books of the Company, (ii) the Company shall offer to all the holders of its Common Stocks any additional shares of capital stock of the Company or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company, or any option, right or warrant to subscribe therefor, or (iii) a dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company (other than in connection with a consolidation or share reconstruction or amalgamation) or a sale of all or substantially all of its property, assets and business shall be proposed. 

 

8.3 Notice of Change in Exercise Price. The Company shall, promptly after an event requiring a change in the Exercise Price pursuant to Section 6 hereof, send notice to the Holders of such event and change (“Price Notice”). The Price Notice shall describe the event causing the change and the method of calculating same and shall be certified as being true and accurate by the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.

 

8.4 Transmittal of Notices. All notices, requests, consents and other communications under this Purchase Warrant shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly made if made in accordance with the notice provisions of the Underwriting Agreement to the addresses and contact information for the Holder appearing on the books and records of the Company.

 

If to the Holder, then to:

 

Boustead Securities, LLC

6 Venture, Suite 265

Irvine, CA 92618

Attn: Keith Moore

Attn: Daniel J. McClory

Email: keith@boustead1828.com
  dan@boustead1828.com

 

With a copy to:

 

VCL Law LLP

1945 Old Gallows Road, Suite 630

Vienna, VA 22182

Attn: Fang Liu, Esq.

Email: fliu@vcllegal.com

 

If to the Company:

 

Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.

2498 Wanfeng Highway, Lane 181

Fengjing Town, Jinshan District, Shanghai

People’s Republic of China 201501

+86-21-67355092

Attn: Mr. Lirong Wang, CEO

Email:

 

With a copy to:

 

Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP

366 Madison Avenue, 3rd Floor

New York, NY 10017

Attn: William S. Rosenstadt, Esq.
  Mengyi “Jason” Ye, Esq.

Email: wsr@orllp.legal; jye@orllp.legal

 

 

 

9. Miscellaneous.

 

9.1 Amendments. The Company and the Underwriter may from time to time supplement or amend this Purchase Warrant without the approval of any of the Holders in order to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision contained herein that may be defective or inconsistent with any other provisions herein, or to make any other provisions in regard to matters or questions arising hereunder that the Company and the Underwriter may deem necessary or desirable and that the Company and the Underwriter deem shall not adversely affect the interest of the Holders, in their sole and absolute discretion. All other modifications or amendments shall require the written consent of and be signed by the party against whom enforcement of the modification or amendment is sought.

 

9.2 Headings. The headings contained herein are for the sole purpose of convenience of reference, and shall not in any way limit or affect the meaning or interpretation of any of the terms or provisions of this Purchase Warrant.

 

9.3. Entire Agreement. This Purchase Warrant (together with the other agreements and documents being delivered pursuant to or in connection with this Purchase Warrant) constitutes the entire agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings of the parties, oral and written, with respect to the subject matter hereof.

 

9.4 Binding Effect. This Purchase Warrant shall inure solely to the benefit of and shall be binding upon, the Holder and the Company and their permitted assignees, respective successors, legal representative and assigns, and no other person shall have or be construed to have any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of or by virtue of this Purchase Warrant or any provisions herein contained.

 

9.5 Governing Law; Submission to Jurisdiction; Trial by Jury. This Purchase Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to conflict of laws principles thereof. The Company hereby agrees that any action, proceeding or claim against it arising out of, or relating in any way to this Purchase Warrant shall be brought and enforced in the New York Supreme Court, County of New York, or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and irrevocably submits to such jurisdiction, which jurisdiction shall be exclusive. The Company hereby waives any objection to such exclusive jurisdiction and that such courts represent an inconvenient forum. Any process or summons to be served upon the Company may be served by transmitting a copy thereof by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, addressed to it at the address set forth in Section 8 hereof. Such mailing shall be deemed personal service and shall be legal and binding upon the Company in any action, proceeding or claim. The Company and the Holder agree that the prevailing party(ies) in any such action shall be entitled to recover from the other party(ies) all of its reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses relating to such action or proceeding and/or incurred in connection with the preparation therefor. The Company (on its behalf and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, on behalf of its stockholders and affiliates) and the Holder hereby irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

 

 

9.6 Waiver, etc. The failure of the Company or the Holder to at any time enforce any of the provisions of this Purchase Warrant shall not be deemed or construed to be a waiver of any such provision, nor to in any way affect the validity of this Purchase Warrant or any provision hereof or the right of the Company or any Holder to thereafter enforce each and every provision of this Purchase Warrant. No waiver of any breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment of any of the provisions of this Purchase Warrant shall be effective unless set forth in a written instrument executed by the party or parties against whom or which enforcement of such waiver is sought; and no waiver of any such breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment shall be construed or deemed to be a waiver of any other or subsequent breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment. 

 

9.7 Exchange Agreement. As a condition of the Holder’s receipt and acceptance of this Purchase Warrant, Holder agrees that, at any time prior to the complete exercise of this Purchase Warrant by Holder, if the Company and the Underwriter enter into an agreement (“Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which they agree that all outstanding Purchase Warrants will be exchanged for securities or cash or a combination of both, then Holder shall agree to such exchange and become a party to the Exchange Agreement.

 

9.8 Execution in Counterparts. This Purchase Warrant may be executed in one or more counterparts, and by the different parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement, and shall become effective when one or more counterparts has been signed by each of the parties hereto and delivered to each of the other parties hereto. Such counterparts may be delivered by facsimile transmission or other electronic transmission.

 

9.9 Holder Not Deemed a Shareholder. Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, the Holder, solely in its capacity as a holder of this Purchase Warrant, shall not be entitled to vote or receive dividends or be deemed the holder of share capital of the Company for any purpose, nor shall anything contained in this Purchase Warrant be construed to confer upon the Holder, solely in its capacity as the Holder of this Purchase Warrant, any of the rights of a shareholder of the Company or any right to vote, give or withhold consent to any corporate action (whether any reorganization, issue of share, reclassification of share, consolidation, merger, conveyance or otherwise), receive notice of meetings, receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, prior to the issuance to the Holder of the Common Stocks which it is then entitled to receive upon the due exercise of this Purchase Warrant. In addition, nothing contained in this Purchase Warrant shall be construed as imposing any liabilities on the Holder to purchase any securities (upon exercise of this Purchase Warrant or otherwise) or as a shareholder of the Company, whether such liabilities are asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

 

[Signature Page to Follow]

 

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Purchase Warrant to be signed by its duly authorized officer as of the ____ day of _______, 2021.

 

  MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC.
     
  By:   
    Name: Lirong Wang
    Title: Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

EXHIBIT A

Exercise Notice

 

Form to be used to exercise Purchase Warrant:

 

Date: __________, 20___

 

The undersigned hereby elects irrevocably to exercise the Purchase Warrant for ______ Common Stocks of Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc., a Nevada company (the “Company”) and hereby makes payment of $____ (at the rate of $____ per Ordinary Share) in payment of the Exercise Price pursuant thereto. Please issue the Common Stocks as to which this Purchase Warrant is exercised in accordance with the instructions given below and, if applicable, a new Purchase Warrant representing the number of Common Stocks for which this Purchase Warrant has not been exercised.

 

or

 

The undersigned hereby elects irrevocably to convert its right to purchase ___ Common Stocks under the Purchase Warrant for ______ Common Stocks, as determined in accordance with the following formula:

 

  X  = Y(A-B)  
  A  
Where, X = The number of Common Stocks to be issued to Holder;
  Y = The number of Common Stocks for which the Purchase Warrant is being exercised;
  A = The fair market value of one Ordinary Share which is equal to $_____; and
  B = The Exercise Price which is equal to $______ per Ordinary Share

 

The undersigned agrees and acknowledges that the calculation set forth above is subject to confirmation by the Company and any disagreement with respect to the calculation shall be resolved by the Company in its sole discretion.

 

Please issue the Common Stocks as to which this Purchase Warrant is exercised in accordance with the instructions given below and, if applicable, a new Purchase Warrant representing the number of Common Stocks for which this Purchase Warrant has not been converted.

 

Signature

 

Signature Guaranteed

 

INSTRUCTIONS FOR REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES

 

Name:

 

(Print in Block Letters)

 

Address:

 

 

 

NOTICE: The signature to this form must correspond with the name as written upon the face of the Purchase Warrant without alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever, and must be guaranteed by a bank, other than a savings bank, or by a trust company or by a firm having membership on a registered national securities exchange.

  

 

 

EXHIBIT B

ASSIGNMENT FORM

 

Form to be used to assign Purchase Warrant: ASSIGNMENT

 

(To be executed by the registered Holder to effect a transfer of the within Purchase Warrant):

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, does hereby sell, assign and transfer unto the right to purchase [●] common stocks of Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc., a Nevada company (the “Company”), evidenced by the Purchase Warrant and does hereby authorize the Company to transfer such right on the books of the Company.

 

Dated: , 20__

 

Signature

 

Signature Guaranteed

 

NOTICE: The signature to this form must correspond with the name as written upon the face of the within Purchase Warrant without alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever, and must be guaranteed by a bank, other than a savings bank, or by a trust company or by a firm having membership on a registered national securities exchange.

 

INSTRUCTIONS FOR REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES

 

Name:

(Print in Block Letters)

Address:

 

NOTICE: The signature to this form must correspond with the name as written upon the face of the Purchase Warrant without alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever, and must be guaranteed by a bank, other than a savings bank, or by a trust company or by a firm having membership on a registered national securities exchange.

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 4.1

 

 

 

Exhibit 5.1

 

 

 

July 1, 2021

 

Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.

2498 Wanfeng Highway, Lane 181

Fengjing Town, Jinshan District

Shanghai, China 201501

 

Re: Form S-1 Registration Statement No. 333-232378

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

We have acted as counsel to Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc, a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the proposed issuance of up to (i) 10,000,000 shares (the “Offering Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), (ii) up to 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock, pursuant to the underwriter’s over-allotment option (the “Over-Allotment Shares” and together with the Offering Shares, the “Shares”), and (iii) 1,150,000 warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase 1,150,000 shares (the “Warrant Shares”) of Common Stock underlying the Warrants. The Shares, the Warrants, and the Warrant Shares are included in a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on June 27, 2019 (File No. 333-232378) (as amended, the “Registration Statement”). This opinion is being furnished in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement or related prospectus, other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issue of the Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares.

 

As such counsel, we have examined such matters of fact and questions of law as we have considered appropriate for purposes of this letter. With your consent, we have relied upon certificates and other assurances of officers of the Company and others as to factual matters without having independently verified such factual matters. We are opining herein as to Chapter 78 of the Nevada Corporations Law, located within the Nevada Revised Statutes (“Chapter 78 of the NRS”), as amended, and as currently in effect (including the statutory provisions contained therein, any applicable provisions of the Nevada Constitution and any applicable reported judicial decisions interpreting these laws but not including any laws, statutes, ordinances, administrative decisions, rules or regulations of any political subdivision below the state level), and we express no opinion with respect to any other laws.

 

Subject to the foregoing and the other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that, as of the date hereof:

 

(i) the Shares have been duly authorized and when issued and sold in exchange for payment in full to the Company of all consideration required therefor as applicable, and as described in the Registration Statement, the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable;

 

(ii) the Warrants have been duly authorized and when the Warrants have been issued by the Company against payment therefor as applicable, and as described in the Registration Statement, the Warrants will constitute valid and binding obligations of the company; and

 

(iii) the Warrant Shares have been duly authorized and when (a) the Warrants have been issued by the Company against payment therefor as applicable, and as described in the Registration Statement and (b) the Warrant Shares have been issued by the Company against payment therefor in the circumstances contemplated by the form of the Warrants most recently filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, the Warrant Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

 

In rendering the foregoing opinions, we have assumed that the Company will comply with all applicable notice requirements regarding uncertificated shares provided in Chapter 78 of the NRS.

 

Our opinion set forth in paragraph 2 above is subject to (i) the effects of bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally, (ii) general equitable principles (whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law) and (iii) an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.

 

This opinion is for your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement and may be relied upon by you and by persons entitled to rely upon it pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Act. We consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm in the Prospectus under the heading “Legal Matters.” In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

 

  /s/ Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP
  Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP

 

 

Exhibit 10.9

 

Employment Contract – Lirong Wang

 

Employer (Party A): Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.

 

Address: 2498 Wanfeng Highway, Lane 181 Fengjing Town, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China 201501.

 

Employee (Party B): Lirong Wang; Shanghai, China.

 

I. Contract period

 

This contract is a one-year contract starting from September 26, 2020 through September 25, 2021.

 

II. Employment location and title

 

Party B agrees to work with Party A in its principal executive office in Shanghai based on the job requirements and with the job title as Chief Executive Officer.

 

III. Labor remuneration

 

The monthly salary of Party B is RMB10,000 and shall be paid on the twenty-fifth day of each month. Such compensation is subject to review and adjustment by the Board of Directors.

 

Party B dully understands the salary system of Party A and accepts such salary payment. The parties can stipulate the other salary standard through negotiation and put such agreement in writing.

 

Party A shall fully pay the salary to Party B monthly by wire transfer or in cash and shall not delay or hold it without reason.

 

IV. Work hours, Rest and Leave

 

Party A adopts the standard work hour system and the other work hour system permitted by the laws and regulations of PRC.

 

Party B enjoys all holidays and vacation rights under the national regulations during the contract period.

 

V. Social insurance

 

Following the related national and local social insurance law, Party A shall pay social insurance fee on behalf of Party B; Party A shall deduct from Party B’s salary the individual payment part for the social security fee.

 

Party B is entitled to medical treatment and monetary damages in accordance with related law due to work-related injuries or deaths.

 

If Party B is ill or injured not due to work-related events during the term of this contract, Party B enjoys the medical treatment leave in accordance with the law.

 

Any other benefits shall be based on relevant policies and regulations by the national and local government.

 

VI. Employment protection, work condition and protection against occupational hazards

 

Party A shall strictly follow all laws and regulations related to labor protection by the national and local government of PRC and shall provide Party B with necessary work conditions and tools, establish safe production process, design standard operating instructions, work specifications and labor safety and health system.

 

 

 

 

If Party B involves in occupational hazards, Party A shall follow the national regulations to perform pre-service and post-service occupational health check; and shall provide regular health examinations during the contract period.

   

VII.  Labor disciplines and regulations

 

Party A shall make all legally designed labor disciplines and regulations public to Party B. Party B shall strictly follow regulations and rules of Party A and shall complete all tasks, improve his/her professional skills and execute all labor disciplines and ethics. If Party B violates any regulations, Party A can give appropriate administrative sanctions or terminate the contract under worse scenario according to its disciplines and regulations.

 

VIII.  Confidentiality Clause

 

Party B shall keep confidential all the information he/she received about the business secret and other confidential information.

 

IX.  Termination, modification, and revision of the contract

 

(a) By Party A

 

Party A may terminate the employment for cause, at any time, without notice or remuneration (unless notice or remuneration is specifically required by applicable law, in which case notice or remuneration will be provided in accordance with applicable law), if:

 

a. Party B has been grossly negligent or acted dishonestly to the detriment of Party A;
b. Party B has engaged in actions amounting to willful misconduct or failed to perform his duties hereunder and such failure continues after Party B is afforded a reasonable opportunity to cure such failure;
c. Party B is convicted or pleads guilty to a felony or to an act of fraud, misappropriation or embezzlement; or
d. Party B violates the confidentiality clause or other Party A’s regulations.

 

(b) By Party B

 

Party B may terminate the contract with 30-day prior written notice to Party A.

 

(c) When the labor contract expires or any other termination condition of the labor contract stipulated by both parties occurs, the labor contract shall be terminated.

 

(d) The modification of the labor contract shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant regulations and laws of PRC.

  

X. Dispute resolution

 

Any labor dispute regarding performance of this contract can be brought up for medication and arbitration. If any party could not agree with the result of the arbitration, it can initiate litigation or negotiate to solve such disputes.

  

XI. Miscellaneous

 

After both parties sign this contract, Party B shall not be employed by other entities engaged in the same or similar or competitive relationship with Party A during the contract period.

 

The bylaws and regulations of Party A are appendix to this labor contract, which shall constitute the whole labor contract with this contract.

 

 

 

 

Any unresolved issue of this contract, parties can revolve through negotiation. If provisions of this contract conflict with laws and regulations of PRC, such provisions shall be nullified, and the associate national laws and regulations shall prevail.

 

This contract is written in duplicate with each party holding one copy. The contract will come into force upon execution or stamp of both parties.

 

Party A: Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.

 

Party B: Lirong Wang

 

The contract was signed on September 25, 2020.

 

 

 Exhibit 23.1

 

 

 

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

We hereby consent to the incorporation of our report dated April 15, 2021 in Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-232378), relating to the audit of the consolidated balance sheets of Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (“collectively referred to as the financial statements”).

 

We also consent to the Company’s reference to WWC, P.C., Certified Public Accountants, as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

  /s/ WWC, P.C.
San Mateo, California WWC, P.C.
July 1, 2021 Certified Public Accountants

 

 

Exhibit 99.4

  

 

 

10/F, Block AB, No.301 North Hanzhongmen Street,

 

Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210036, PRC

 

Tel: +86 25 84207294   Fax: +86 25 84207501

 

June 13, 2021

  

LEGAL OPINION

 

To: Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.

 

2498 Wang Feng Highway, Lane 181

 

Fengjing Town, Jinshan District

 

Shanghai, China 201501

 

(86)21-67355092

 

Re: PRC Legal opinion on Certain PRC Legal Matters

 

Dear Sir or Madam,

 

We are qualified lawyers of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”, for purposes of this legal opinion, excluding the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macau Special Administrative Region and Taiwan), and as such are qualified to issue this legal opinion (this “Opinion”) under the laws and regulations of the PRC effective on the date hereof.

 

We are acting as the PRC counsel for Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. (the “Company”), a company incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada, who intends to be transferred from OTCQB Venture Market and list the common stock of the Company on Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Listing”), in connection with (i) the registration statement of the Company on Form S-1, including all amendments or supplements thereto (the “Registration Statement”), filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the offering by the Company, and (ii) the proposed Listing.

 

 

 

 

I. Definitions.

 

As used herein, the following terms are defined as follows:

 

(a) “PRC Laws” means any and all applicable laws, regulations, rules, orders, decrees, notices, guidelines, and supreme court’s judicial interpretations of the PRC currently in force and available to the public in the PRC on the date of this Opinion;

 

(b) “PRC Companies” means the entities listed in (h), (i), (j) and (l) (each a “PRC Company”, collectively “PRC Companies”);

 

(c) “Governmental Authorities” means any national, provincial or local governmental, regulatory or administrative authority, agency or commission in the PRC, or any court, tribunal or any other judicial or arbitral tribunal in the PRC, or anybody exercising, or entitled to exercise, any administrative, judicial, legislative, policy, regulatory, or taxing authority or power of similar nature in the PRC;

 

(d) “Governmental Authorizations” means all approvals, contents, waivers, sanctions, certificates, authorizations, filings, registrations, exemptions, permissions, annual inspections, permits and licenses required by any PRC authorities pursuant to any PRC Laws;

 

(e) “SAMR” means the State Administration for Market Regulation or its local counterpart in the PRC, which is the successor of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce or its local counterpart in the PRC;

 

(f) “NECIPS” means the National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System which is a Chinese governmental credit information agency that belongs to SAMR and provides public access to official registration data for all legal entities in China.

 

(g) “Variable Interest Entity” or “VIE” means the variable interest entity incorporated in the PRC;

 

(h) “Shanghai Muliang” means Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd.(上海牧粮实业有限公司);

 

(i) “Shanghai Zongbao” means Shanghai Zongbao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd.(上海综宝环境工程有限公司);

 

(j) “Weihai Fukang” means Weihai Fukang Bio-Fertilizer Co., Ltd.(威海富康生物肥料有限公司);

 

(k) “Shanghai Mufeng” means Shanghai Mufeng Investment Consulting Co., Ltd.(上海牧枫投资咨询有限公司);

 

(l) “Muliang Nongzi” means Shanghai Muliang Nongzi sales Co., Ltd. (上海牧粮农资销售有限公司);

 

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(m) “PRC” means, for the purpose of this Opinion, the People’s Republic of China, excluding the respective special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau and the Taiwan province.

 

(n) “No. 37 Notice” means the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Overseas Investment, Financing and Roundtrip Investment Conducted by Residents in China through Special Purpose Vehicles.

 

(o) “SAFE” means the State Administration of Foreign Exchange.

 

II. PRC LAWS

 

This Opinion is rendered on the basis of the PRC Laws effective and publicly available in the PRC as of the date hereof and there is no assurance that any PRC Laws will not be changed, amended or replaced in the future with or without retrospective effect.

 

We do not purport to be an expert on or to be generally familiar with or qualified to express legal opinions based on any laws other than the PRC Laws. Accordingly, we express or imply no opinion directly or indirectly on the laws of any jurisdictions other than the PRC.

 

III. ASSUMPTIONS

 

For the purpose of giving this Opinion, we have examined the originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of corporate records, agreements, instruments or other documents provided to us by or on behalf of the Company and such other documents, corporate records, certificates issued by Governmental Authorities or representations made by officials of Governmental Authorities in the PRC and officers or representatives of the Company as we have deemed necessary or advisable for the purposes of rendering this Opinion (collectively, the “Documents”).

 

In examination of the documents and for the purpose of giving this Opinion, we have relied upon the following assumptions, which we have not independently verified: (i) all signatures, seals and chops are genuine and made or affixed with due authority; (ii) all Documents submitted to us as originals are authentic and all Documents submitted to us as copies are complete and conform to their authentic originals; (iii) none of the Documents as they were presented to us has been revoked, amended, varied or supplemented, without us being notified or made aware thereof or otherwise being indicated in such Documents; (iv) all the information (including factual statements) provided to us by the Company in response to our enquiries for the purpose of this Opinion is true, accurate, complete and not misleading, and nothing has been withheld by the Company that, if disclosed to us, would reasonably cause us to alter this Opinion in whole or in part; (v) all Governmental Authorizations and official statement or documentation were obtained from competent Governmental Authorities by lawful means; (vi) all the Documents are legal, valid, binding and enforceable under all such laws as governing or related to them, other than PRC Laws; and (vii) this Opinion is limited to matters of the PRC Laws effective as the date thereof and we do not express or imply any opinion on accounting, auditing, or laws of any other jurisdictions.

 

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IV. OPINIONS

 

Based upon the foregoing examinations and assumptions and subject to the qualifications set forth herein, we are of the opinion that concerning Shanghai Muliang and its three subsidiaries which involve actual operations, as of the date hereof, so far as PRC Laws are concerned:

 

(i) Each of the PRC Companies has been duly incorporated and validly exists as a company with limited liability and enterprise legal person status under the PRC Laws. Each of the companies exists with full legal person status and in good standing under the PRC Laws. The current articles of association and the business license of each of the PRC Companies comply with the requirements of the applicable PRC Laws and are in full force and effect.

 

(ii) All the equity interests in the registered capital of each of the PRC Companies is owned by its shareholders currently registered with the competent SAMR. To the best of our knowledge after due and reasonable inquiries, such equity interests are free and clear of all security interest, encumbrances, mortgage, pledge, liens, equities or claims. Except the call option agreement signed by Shanghai Muliang for constructing the VIE structure, there are no outstanding rights, warrants or options to acquire or instruments convertible into or exchangeable for, nor any agreements or other obligations to issue or other rights to convert any obligation into, any equity interest in any of the PRC Companies. All Governmental Authorizations required for the ownership by the shareholders of their respective equity interests in each of the PRC Subsidiaries have been duly obtained.

 

On February 10th, 2006, Shanghai Mufeng reached a series of agreements with Shanghai Muliang and its major shareholders in order to establish the VIE structure. These agreements include Exclusive Technical Consulting and Service Agreement, Equity Pledge Agreement, Call Option and Cooperation Agreement, and Power of Attorney. Among such agreements, the relevant parties under the Call Option and Cooperation Agreement agreed that the shareholders of Shanghai Muliang, namely Mr. WANG Lirong and Mr. WANG Zhongfang, irrevocably and unconditionally grant Shanghai Mufeng an exclusive call option. According to such call option, Shanghai Mufeng shall be entitled to require Mr. WANG Lirong and Mr. WANG Zhongfang who are the existing shareholders of Shanghai Muliang to transfer the entire equity interests of Shanghai Muliang to Shanghai Mufeng or its designated entities or individuals in accordance with the terms and conditions under the Call Option and Cooperation Agreement.

 

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(iii) To the best of our knowledge after due and reasonable inquiries, none of the PRC Companies has taken any action nor have any steps been taken or any legal or administrative proceedings been commenced or threatened to commence for the winding up, dissolution, bankruptcy or liquidation, or for the appointment of a liquidation committee or similar officers in respect of any of the PRC Companies, or for the suspension, withdrawal, revocation or cancellation of any of the business licenses of any PRC Companies.

 

(iv) According to the representations made by PRC Companies and the due and reasonable verifications performed by us, titles to major properties and assets owned by Shanghai Muliang and its subsidiaries are definite and clear. Except for Weihai Fukang, as to which the relevant house property has been taken out for mortgage, no other limitations are over other property rights owned by PRC Companies.

 

Except for the foreclosure and pledge concerning the lands and house property disclosed in this Opinion and in the due diligence report, no other restrictions exist over the assets or property of Shanghai Muliang and/or its subsidiaries indicating that any other assets or property of Shanghai Muliang and its subsidiaries are pledged or seized, frozen, withheld or auctioned, or are with legal disputes or potential disputes, or have other rights been restricted. There are no legal obstacles for Shanghai Muliang and its subsidiaries to exercise their ownership or right to use.

 

(v) The categories and rates for major taxes implemented to Shanghai Muliang and its subsidiaries are not in violation of, and immediately after the consummation of the Listing will not result in violation of, any requirements of PRC Laws currently in effect. The tax deductions and exemptions obtained by Shanghai Muliang are in compliance with PRC Laws and the relevant policy requirements, and Shanghai Muliang has conducted and accomplished declaration procedures correspondingly for each of such tax deductions and exemptions. Filings relating to the tax deductions and exemptions which have been obtained by PRC Companies are legitimate and valid as the date of this Opinion. At the same time, each of PRC Companies has applied for and been awarded with tax registration certificate. Taxation Administration is the competent authorities for collecting and administering taxes who issued “Certificates” for the relevant PRC Companies that can effectively certify the situation of the payments of the corporate tax made by PRC Companies, and can also certify that, during the period from January 1st, 2019 to June 8st, 2021, no serious illegal activities were found and no tax penalties were imposed on any of PRC Companies. Aforementioned “Certificates” were issued by the tax collection and administration department which belongs to the Chinese Government that such “Certificates” have their public credibility.

 

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(vi) According to the representations made by PRC Companies and the due and reasonable verifications conducted by us, none of the PRC Companies have violated any relevant laws or regulations on labor and social security.

 

(vii) Terms and clauses for each material contracts of the PRC Companies are explicit and clear, and the content and form of such contracts are legitimate and in full force and effect. With respect to any of such material contracts, no legal risk involving with failure to establish a contract or avoidance of a contract exists because of any violation of any PRC Laws.

 

(viii) As of the date of issuance of this opinion, all the environmental matters of the PRC Companies are in compliance with the relevant laws and regulations, and none of the product quality and technical standards employed and implemented by the PRC Companies is in violation with any relevant provisions of any laws and regulations. We consider that, all the necessary certificates, licenses, approvals and government letters noted under this Opinion concerning the business and operation of PRC Companies have been obtained.

 

(ix) As verified by us, PRC Companies currently have one pending civil case: a dispute over a sales contract between Shanghai Naishengkalan Industry Co., Ltd. And Shanghai Zongbao, Shanghai Aoke Chemical Co., Ltd., as to which all parties reached a mediation agreement through the mediation procedure held by the court. According to the settlement agreement on the enforcement procedure, the payment of RMB 1.205 millions shall be made by Shanghai Zongbao before June 31, 2021. Shanghai Zongbao has made proper arrangements for the payment of the above-mentioned debts to ensure that the debts will be carried out on schedule. The case will be closed after the completion of this payment.

 

In addition, according to our reasonable inquiry, explanations made by the PRC Companies and the findings discovered by us through the official websites of China Judgments Online (http://www.court. gov.cn/zgcpwsw/) and National Inquiries on Dishonest Persons Subject to Enforcement (http://zxgk.court.gov.cn/), as far as competent Chinese courts or arbitration institutions are concerned, there are no other significant lawsuits or arbitration cases that have not yet been concluded or that are foreseeable.

 

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(x) In accordance with the provisions of No. 37 Notice, residents from mainland China (including individuals and institutions in PRC) shall apply to the SAFE or the competent local authorities for foreign exchange registration if such residents directly establish or indirectly control overseas special purpose companies for overseas investment and financing. If prior to the implementation of the No. 37 Notice, a PRC resident had made capital contribution to a special purpose vehicle by using its legitimate assets or interests in or out of the territory of PRC but had not completed foreign exchange registration formalities for overseas investments pursuant to the provisions, the SAFE shall process registration formalities retrospectively pursuant to the principle of legitimacy and reasonableness for such resident. In addition, when significant events occur, such as changes to the basic information of the special purpose company (including change of the PRC individual shareholder and the name and term of operation of the special purpose company), increasing or reducing the amount of investment, equity transfer or share swap or merge or division of the special purpose company, etc., such PRC resident shall update the registration with the SAFE and the competent local authorities.

 

If any shareholder who holds the rights and interests of the special purpose company and is identified as a PRC resident according to the provisions of the No. 37 Notice but does not apply to the competent local authorities of the SAFE for the required exchange registration, then the affiliates of such special purpose company in PRC may be forbidden from distributing profits or paying dividends or be forbidden from carrying out other follow-up cross-border foreign exchange activities, and restrictions on the capacity of the special purpose company to increase the capital investment in its PRC affiliates may be imposed. Additionally, if the registration regulations of the SAFE are violated, then responsibilities for circumventing the applicable foreign exchange restrictions under the PRC Law will be held.

 

As verified by us, prior to the promulgation and implementation of the No. 37 Notice, Mr. WANG Lirong, who is both the shareholder and actual controller of Shanghai Muliang, had already invested in overseas special purpose companies as a resident of the PRC with his domestic assets and held the rights and interests in the overseas special purpose companies. As stipulated by the relevant provisions of the No. 37 Notice, foreign exchange supplementary registration shall therefore be made. As of the date of this Opinion, Shanghai Muliang has submitted the application for foreign exchange supplementary registration to the Shanghai Branch of the SAFE through the Agricultural Bank of China Shanghai Branch, and such application is still under the review of such authority.

 

We are unable to ensure all the shareholders and actual controller of the PRC Companies who are also PRC residents will timely make, obtain or update the foreign exchange registrations as required by us or by the provisions of the No. 37 Notice or other relevant rules. Even if such shareholders and actual controller comply with the relevant requirements, we are still unable to, due to various kinds of reasons (including reasons beyond our and such persons’ control), assure that such persons will timely and successfully obtain or update any registrations under the No. 37 Notice or other related rules. If any shareholders who are PRC residents do not apply to the competent local authorities of the SAFE for the required foreign exchange registration, then the wholly foreign owned enterprise of the Company in PRC, namely Shanghai Mufeng, will probably be forbidden from distributing profits and dividends to the Company, or be forbidden from conducting any follow-up cross-border foreign exchange activities, and restrictions on increasing capital investment made by the Company to its wholly foreign owned enterprise will probably be imposed that may then adversely affect the business of the Company.

 

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(xi) PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of PRC Civil Procedures Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other form of reciprocity with the United Kingdom or the British Virgin Islands that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. As a result, it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United Kingdom or the British Virgin Islands.

 

(xii) All statements set forth in this Opinion, in each case insofar as such statements describe or summarize PRC legal or regulatory matters, or documents, agreements or proceedings governed by PRC Laws, are true and accurate in all material aspects, and are fairly disclosed and correctly set forth therein, and nothing has been omitted from such statements which would make the same misleading in all material aspects.

 

This Opinion is subject to the following qualifications:

 

  (a) This Opinion is limited to matters of the PRC Laws in effect on the date of this Opinion.

  

  (b) We have not investigated and do not express or imply any opinion on accounting, auditing, or laws of any other jurisdictions.

  

  (c) This Opinion is subject to the effects of (i) certain legal or statutory principles affecting the enforceability of contractual rights generally under the concepts of public interest, national security, good faith and fair dealing, applicable statutes of limitation, and the limitations of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditor’s rights generally; (ii) any circumstance in connection with the formulation, execution or performance of any legal documents that would be deemed materially mistaken, clearly unconscionable or fraudulent; (iii) judicial discretion with respect to the availability of injunctive relief, the calculation of damages, and any entitlement to attorneys’ fees and other costs; and (iv) the discretion of any competent PRC legislative, administrative or judicial bodies in exercising their authority in connection with the interpretation, implementation and application of relevant PRC Laws.

 

This Opinion is given for the benefit of the persons to whom it is addressed upon the request by, and in its capacity as PRC legal counsel to, the Company. It may not, except with the prior permission of the Company and us, be relied upon by anyone other than the Company, the underwriters and their legal and financial advisors in connection with this Listing in overseas capital markets or used for any other purpose.

 

This Opinion is intended to be used in the context which is specifically referred to herein and each paragraph should be considered as a whole, and no part should be extracted and referred to independently.

 

We hereby consent to the quotation or summarization of this Opinion in, and the filing hereof, as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.

 

This Opinion is limited to the matters referred to herein and shall not be construed as extending to any other matter or document not referred to herein.

 

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[Signature Page]

  

  Yours faithfully,
   
  /s/ Gaopeng & Partners PRC Lawyers, Nanjing Office
   
  Gaopeng & Partners PRC Lawyers, Nanjing Office