NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

NOTE 1—ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS

B. Riley Financial, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) provide investment banking and financial services to corporate, institutional and high net worth clients, and asset disposition, financial consulting, appraisal and capital advisory services to a wide range of retail, wholesale and industrial clients, as well as lenders, capital providers, private equity investors and professional services firms throughout the United States, Australia, Canada, and Europe and consumer Internet access and cloud communication services through its wholly-owned subsidiaries United Online, Inc. (“UOL” or “United Online”) and magicJack VocalTec Ltd. (“magicJack”). The Company also has a majority ownership interest in BR Brands Holding, LLC (“BR Brands” or “Brands”), which provides licensing of trademarks.

On February 25, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of National Holdings Corporation (“National”) not already owned by the Company. The total cash consideration for the approximately 55% of National outstanding shares that the Company did not previously own and settlement of outstanding share based awards amounted to $35,314. The Company used the acquisition method of accounting for this acquisition. The acquisition expands the Company’s investment banking, wealth management and financial planning offerings by adding National’s brokerage, insurance, tax preparation and advisory services. As a result of the National acquisition, the Company realigned its segment reporting structure in the first quarter of 2021 to reflect organizational management changes for its wealth management business. Under the new structure, the wealth management business previously reported in the Capital Markets segment are now reported in the Wealth Management segment. In conjunction with the new reporting structure, the Company recast its segment presentation for all periods presented.

The Company operates in six operating segments: (i) Capital Markets, through which the Company provides investment banking, corporate finance, securities lending, restructuring, research, sales and trading services to corporate and institutional clients; (ii) Wealth Management, through which the Company provides wealth management and tax services to corporate, institutional and high net worth clients; (iii) Auction and Liquidation, through which the Company provides auction and liquidation services to help clients dispose of assets that include multi-location retail inventory, wholesale inventory, trade fixtures, machinery and equipment, intellectual property and real property; (iv) Financial Consulting, through which the Company provides bankruptcy, financial advisory, forensic accounting, real estate consulting and valuation and appraisal services; (v) Principal Investments - United Online and magicJack, through which the Company provides consumer Internet access and related subscription services from United Online and cloud communication services primarily through the magicJack devices; and (vi) Brands, which is focused on generating revenue through the licensing of trademarks.

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) announced a global health emergency because of a new strain of coronavirus (the “COVID-19 outbreak”).  In March 2020, the WHO classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic, based on the rapid increase in exposure globally.  During the second quarter of 2021, the full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve. As the U.S. economy recovers, aided by additional stimulus packages and positive momentum in the domestic vaccine rollout, countries across the world continue to manage repeated waves of the pandemic, including variant strains of COVID-19, amid uneven progress toward vaccination. The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak and related advisories and restrictions and the success of vaccines in slowing or halting the pandemic.  These developments and the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the financial markets and the overall economy continue to be highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. If the financial markets and/or the overall economy continue to be impacted, the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows may be materially adversely affected.

NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a) Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of B. Riley Financial, Inc. and its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. The condensed consolidated financial statements also include the accounts of (a) Great American Global Partners, LLC which is controlled by the Company as a result of its ownership of a 50% member interest, appointment of two of the three executive officers and significant influence over the funding of operations, and (b) National Asset Management, Inc. (“NAM”), a federally-registered investment adviser providing asset management advisory services to retail clients for a fee based upon a percentage of assets managed. NAM has a majority voting interest in Innovation X Management, LLC (“Innovation X”), which together serve as the investment manager of an investment fund (see Variable Interest Entities below). Because NAM has the majority voting interest in Innovation X, the results of operations of Innovation X are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements, and the amount attributable to the other investor is recorded as a non-controlling interest. The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company, without audit, pursuant to interim financial reporting guidelines and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of the Company’s management, all adjustments, consisting of only normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations for the periods presented have been included. These condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 4, 2021. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for the full fiscal year or any future periods.

(b) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Estimates are used when accounting for certain items such as valuation of securities and loans receivables, allowance for doubtful accounts, the fair value of intangible assets and goodwill, the fair value of mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests, fair value of share based arrangements, accounting for income tax valuation allowances, recovery of contract assets, sales returns and allowances and contingencies. Estimates are based on historical experience, where applicable, and assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved with estimates, actual results may differ.

(c) Interest Expense — Securities Lending Activities and Loan Participations Sold

Interest expense from securities lending activities is included in operating expenses related to operations in the Capital Markets segment. Interest expense from securities lending activities is incurred from equity and fixed income securities that are loaned to the Company and totaled $10,725 and $10,802 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $29,446 and $18,723 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Loan participations sold as of June 30, 2021 and 2020 totaled $4,444 and $14,109, respectively. Interest expense from loan participations sold totaled $258 and $419 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $726 and $971 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(d) Concentration of Risk

Revenues in the Capital Markets, Financial Consulting, Wealth Management, Brands and Principal Investments — United Online and magicJack segments are currently primarily generated in the United States. Revenues in the Auction and Liquidation segment are primarily generated in the United States, Australia, Canada and Europe.

The Company’s activities in the Auction and Liquidation segment are executed frequently with, and on behalf of, distressed customers and secured creditors. Concentrations of credit risk can be affected by changes in economic, industry, or geographical factors. The Company seeks to control its credit risk and potential risk concentration through risk management activities that limit the Company’s exposure to losses on any one specific liquidation services contract or concentration within any one specific industry. To mitigate the exposure to losses on any one specific liquidations services contract, the Company sometimes conducts operations with third parties through collaborative arrangements.

The Company maintains cash in various federally insured banking institutions. The account balances at each institution periodically exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s (“FDIC”) insurance coverage, and as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts in excess of FDIC insurance coverage. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company also has substantial cash balances from proceeds received from auctions and liquidation engagements that are distributed to parties in accordance with the collaborative arrangements.

(e) Advertising Expenses

The Company expenses advertising costs, which consist primarily of costs for printed materials, as incurred. Advertising costs totaled $578 and $864 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $1,156 and $1,704 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Advertising expense is included as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(f) Share-Based Compensation

The Company’s share-based payment awards principally consist of grants of restricted stock, restricted stock units and costs associated with the Company’s employee stock purchase plan. In accordance with the applicable accounting guidance, share-based payment awards are classified as either equity or liabilities. For equity-classified awards, the Company measures compensation cost for the grant of membership interests at fair value on the date of grant and recognizes compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the requisite service or performance period the award is expected to vest.

In June 2018, the Company adopted the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“Purchase Plan”) which allows eligible employees to purchase common stock through payroll deductions at a price that is 85% of the market value of the common stock on the last day of the offering period. In accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), the Company is required to recognize compensation expense relating to shares offered under the Purchase Plan. For the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized compensation expense of $115 and $59, respectively, related to the Purchase Plan. For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized compensation expense of $342 and $224, respectively, related to the Purchase Plan.

(g) Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the condensed consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the financial statement basis and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company estimates the degree to which tax assets and credit carryforwards will result in a benefit based on expected profitability by tax jurisdiction. A valuation allowance for such tax assets and loss carryforwards is provided when it is determined to be more likely than not that the benefit of such deferred tax asset will not be realized in future periods. Tax benefits of operating loss carryforwards are evaluated on an ongoing basis, including a review of historical and projected future operating results, the eligible carryforward period, and other circumstances. If it becomes more likely than not that a tax asset will be used, the related valuation allowance on such assets would be reduced.

The Company recognizes tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. Once this threshold has been met, the Company’s measurement of its expected tax benefits is recognized in its financial statements. The Company accrues interest on unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. Penalties, if incurred, would be recognized as a component of income tax expense.

(h) Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

(i) Restricted Cash

As of June 30, 2021, restricted cash included $864 of cash collateral for foreign exchange contracts and leases and $471 related to one of the Company’s telecommunication suppliers. In June 2021, National’s Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) which the Company assumed as part of the acquisition of National on February 25, 2021 was forgiven, and $6,553 of restricted cash related to the loans was returned to the Company. As of December 31, 2020, restricted cash included $764 of cash collateral for foreign exchange contracts and $471 related to one of the Company’s telecommunication suppliers.

(j) Securities Borrowed and Securities Loaned

Securities borrowed and securities loaned are recorded based upon the amount of cash advanced or received. Securities borrowed transactions facilitate the settlement process and require the Company to deposit cash or other collateral with the lender. With respect to securities loaned, the Company receives collateral in the form of cash. The amount of collateral required to be deposited for securities borrowed, or received for securities loaned, is an amount generally in excess of the market value of the applicable securities borrowed or loaned. The Company monitors the market value of the securities borrowed and loaned on a daily basis, with additional collateral obtained, or excess collateral recalled, when deemed appropriate.

The Company accounts for securities lending transactions in accordance with ASC “Topic 210: Balance Sheet,” which requires companies to report disclosures of offsetting assets and liabilities. The Company does not net securities borrowed and securities loaned and these items are presented on a gross basis in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(k) Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Property and equipment held under finance leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment was $1,031 and $899 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively and $1,904 and $1,831 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(l) Loans Receivable

The Company adopted the new credit loss standard effective January 1, 2020. Pursuant to ASU 2016-13 and its amendment ASU 2019-05, the Company elected the irrevocable fair value option for all outstanding loans receivable that were previously measured at amortized cost. Under the fair value option, loans receivables are measured at each reporting period based upon their exit value in an orderly transaction and unrealized gains or losses from changes in fair value are recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. These loans are no longer subject to evaluation for impairment through an allowance for loan loss as such losses will be captured through fair value changes. The impact of adopting ASC 326 was immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.

Loans receivable, at fair value totaled $270,295 and $390,689 at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The loans have various maturities through March 2027. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the historical cost of loans receivable accounted for under the fair value option was $274,624 and $405,064, respectively, which included principal balances of $284,664 and $416,401, respectively, and unamortized costs, origination fees, premiums and discounts, totaling $10,040 and $11,337, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded unrealized losses on the loans receivable at fair value of $680 and $4,049, respectively, and during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, unrealized gains of $10,046 and losses of $21,975, respectively, which is included in trading income (losses) and fair value adjustments on loans on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company may periodically provide limited guarantees to third parties for loans that are made to investment banking and lending clients. At June 30, 2021, the Company has outstanding limited guarantee arrangements with respect to Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises, Inc. (“B&W”) as further described in Note 13. In accordance with the new credit loss standard, the Company evaluates the need to record an allowance for credit losses for these loan guarantees since they have off-balance sheet credit exposures. At June 30, 2021, the Company has not recorded any provision for credit losses on the B&W guarantees since the Company believes that there is sufficient collateral to protect the Company from any credit loss exposure. 

Interest income on loans receivable is recognized based on the stated interest rate of the loan on the unpaid principal balance plus the amortization of any costs, origination fees, premiums and discounts and is included in interest income - loans and securities lending on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Loan origination fees and certain direct origination costs are deferred and recognized as adjustments to interest income over the lives of the related loans. Unearned income, discounts and premiums are amortized to interest income using a level yield methodology.

(m) Securities and Other Investments Owned and Securities Sold Not Yet Purchased

Securities owned consist of marketable securities and investments in partnership interests and other securities recorded at fair value. Securities sold, but not yet purchased represents obligations of the Company to deliver the specified security at the contracted price and thereby create a liability to purchase the security in the market at prevailing prices. Changes in the value of these securities are reflected currently in the results of operations.

As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company’s securities and other investments owned and securities sold not yet purchased at fair value consisted of the following securities:

(n) Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market. In general, fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments that are highly liquid, observable and actively traded in over-the-counter markets. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable and can be corroborated by market data. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

The Company’s securities and other investments owned and securities sold and not yet purchased are comprised of common and preferred stocks and warrants, corporate bonds, and investments in partnerships. Investments in common stocks that are based on quoted prices in active markets are included in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company also holds loans receivable valued at fair value, nonpublic common and preferred stocks and warrants for which there is little or no public market and fair value is determined by management on a consistent basis. For investments where little or no public market exists, management’s determination of fair value is based on the best available information which may incorporate management’s own assumptions and involves a significant degree of judgment, taking into consideration various factors including earnings history, financial condition, recent sales prices of the issuer’s securities and liquidity risks. These investments are included in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Investments in partnership interests include investments in private equity partnerships that primarily invest in equity securities, bonds, and direct lending funds. The Company also invests in priority investment funds and the underlying securities held by these funds are primarily corporate and asset-backed fixed income securities and restrictions exist on the redemption of amounts invested by the Company. The Company’s partnership and investment fund interests are valued based on the Company’s proportionate share of the net assets of the partnerships and funds; the value for these investments is derived from the most recent statements received from the general partner or fund administrator. These partnership and investment fund interests are valued at net asset value (“NAV”) in accordance with ASC “Topic 820: Fair Value Measurements.”

Securities and other investments owned also include investments in nonpublic entities that do not have a readily determinable fair value and do not report NAV per share. These investments are accounted for using a measurement alternative under which they are measured at cost and adjusted for observable price changes and impairments. Observable price changes result from, among other things, equity transactions for the same issuer executed during the reporting period, including subsequent equity offerings or other reported equity transactions related to the same issuer. For these transactions to be considered observable price changes of the same issuer, we evaluate whether these transactions have similar rights and obligations, including voting rights, distribution preferences, conversion rights, and other factors, to the investments we hold. Any investments adjusted to their fair value by applying the measurement alternative are disclosed as nonrecurring fair value measurements, including the level in the fair value hierarchy that was used. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, investments in nonpublic entities valued using a measurement alternative of $42,931 and $26,948, respectively, are included in securities and other investments owned in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The fair value of mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests is determined based on the issuance of similar interests for cash, references to industry comparables, and relied, in part, on information obtained from appraisal reports and internal valuation models.

The following tables present information on the financial assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, financial assets measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis and classified within Level 3 were $588,793 and $539,981, respectively, or 14.3% and 20.3%, respectively, of the Company’s total assets. In determining the fair value for these Level 3 financial assets, the Company analyzes various financial, performance and market factors to estimate the value, including where applicable, over-the-counter market trading activity.

The following table summarizes the significant unobservable inputs in the fair value measurement of level 3 financial assets and liabilities by category of investment and valuation technique as of June 30, 2021:

The changes in Level 3 fair value hierarchy during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 and its amendment ASU 2019-05 effective January 1, 2020. Pursuant to ASU 2016-13 and its amendment ASU 2019-05, the Company elected the irrevocable fair value option for all outstanding loans receivable that were measured at amortized cost as of December 31, 2019. The loans receivable, at fair value are included in transfers into level 3 fair value assets in the above table.

The amount reported in the table above for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 includes the amount of undistributed earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interests that is distributed on a quarterly basis. The carrying amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities approximate fair value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments.

As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the senior notes payable had a carrying amount of $1,213,105 and $870,783, respectively, and fair value of $1,262,750 and $898,606, respectively. The carrying amount of the term loans approximates fair value because the effective yield of such instruments are consistent with current market rates of interest for instruments of comparable credit risk.

The investments in nonpublic entities that do not report NAV are measured at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments, with changes recognized in trading income (losses) and fair value adjustments on loans on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. These investments are evaluated on a nonrecurring basis based on the observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Further adjustments are not made until another observable transaction occurs. Therefore, the determination of fair values of these investments in nonpublic entities that do not report NAV does not involve significant estimates and assumptions or subjective and complex judgments. Investments in nonpublic entities that do not report NAV are subject to a qualitative assessment for indicators of impairment. If indicators of impairment are present, the Company is required to estimate the investment’s fair value and immediately recognize an impairment charge in an amount equal to the investment’s carrying value in excess of its estimated fair value.

The following table sets forth the assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2021. This investment was measured due to an observable price change during the three months ended June 30, 2021.

During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, except for the impact of the intangible impairment charge in 2020 as described in Note 6 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets, there were no additional assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

(o) Derivative and Foreign Currency Translation

The Company periodically uses derivative instruments, which primarily consist of the purchase of forward exchange contracts, for certain loans receivable and Auction and Liquidation engagements with operations outside the United States. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, forward exchange contracts in the amount of 20,200 Euros and 6,000 Euros, respectively, were outstanding. 

The forward exchange contracts were entered into to improve the predictability of cash flows related to a retail store liquidation engagement and a loan receivable. The net gain from forward exchange contracts was $363 and $673 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. There was no forward exchange contract activity during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. This amount is reported as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company transacts business in various foreign currencies. In countries where the functional currency of the underlying operations has been determined to be the local country’s currency, revenues and expenses of operations outside the United States are translated into United States dollars using average exchange rates while assets and liabilities of operations outside the United States are translated into United States dollars using period-end exchange rates. The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are included in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Transaction losses were $390 and $438 during the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively and gains were $166 and $510 during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These amounts are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(p) Equity Investment

At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, equity investments of $48,851 and $54,953, respectively, were included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s share of earnings or losses from equity method investees is included in gain (loss) from equity investments in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

bebe stores, inc.

At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had a 39.5% ownership interest in bebe stores, inc. (“bebe”). On November 10, 2020, the Company purchased an additional 1,500,000 shares of newly issued common stock of bebe for $7,500 and increased its’ ownership interest increased from 31.5% to 39.5%. The equity ownership in bebe was accounted for under the equity method of accounting and is included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

As of June 30, 2021, the carrying value of the Company’s equity investment in bebe exceeded the fair value based on the quoted market prices. In consideration of these facts, the Company evaluated its investment for impairment. The Company did not utilize bright-line tests in the evaluation. Based on the available facts and information regarding the operating results of bebe, the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investments until recovery, the relative amount of the declines, and the length of time that the fair values were less than the carrying values, the Company concluded that recognition of impairment losses in earnings was not required. However, the Company will continue to monitor the investment and it is possible that impairment losses will be recorded in earnings in future periods based on changes in facts and circumstances or intentions.

National Holdings Corporation

As of December 31, 2020, the Company owned approximately 45% of the commons stock of National which was included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The equity ownership in National was accounted for under the equity method of accounting for periods prior to February 25, 2021. On February 25, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of National by acquiring the 55% of common stock not previously owned by the Company pursuant to an agreement and plan of merger dated January 10, 2021, following the successful completion of a tender offer commenced by us on January 27, 2021. The cash consideration for the purchase of the 55% of common stock not previously owned by the Company and settlement of outstanding share based awards was $35,314. National’s operating results subsequent to February 25, 2021 is included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other Equity Investments

The Company has other equity investments over which the Company exercises significant influence but which do not meet the requirements for consolidation, including B. Riley Principal 150 Merger Corp., B. Riley Principal 250 Merger Corp., and 40% ownership interest in Lingo Management, LLC. The equity ownership in these other investments was accounted for under the equity method of accounting and is included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(q) Loan Participations Sold

As of June 30, 2021, the Company has sold investments (“Loan Participations Sold”) to third parties (“Participants”) that are accounted for as secured borrowings under ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing. Under ASC Topic 860, a partial loan transfer does not qualify for sale accounting in order for sale treatment to be allowed. A participation or other partial loan transfer that meets the definition of a participating interest is classified as loan receivable and the portion transferred is recorded as a secured borrowing under loan participations sold in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Participants are entitled to payments made by the borrower of the related loan equal to the current Loan Participations Sold outstanding at the interest rates for the respective investment. In the event that the borrower defaults, the Participants have rights to payments from such borrower, but do not have recourse to the Company. The terms of the Loan Participations Sold are commensurate with the terms of the related loan.

As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had entered into participation agreements for a total of $4,444 and $17,316, respectively. In addition, the interest income and interest expense related to the Loan Participations Sold resulted in interest income and interest expense which is presented gross on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(r) Supplemental Non-cash Disclosures

During the six months ended June 30, 2021, non-cash investing activities included the repayment of a loan receivable in full in the amount of $133,453 with equity securities. In addition, $35,000 of loans receivable were exchanged for $35,000 of newly issued debt securities and a $36,000 note receivable was issued for the sale of equity securities to a third party. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, non-cash investing activities included $4,633 non-cash conversion of an equity method investment and $6,170 conversion of a loan receivable to shares of stock.

(s) Reclassifications

Certain amounts reported in the Capital Markets segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 have been reclassified and reported in the Financial Consulting and Wealth Management segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 as a result of the organizational changes that created the new Financial Consulting segment in the fourth quarter of 2020 and Wealth Management segment in the first quarter of 2021.

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, $797 of dividends received from equity method investments that were previously included in cash flows from investing activities have been reclassified and included in cash flows from operating activities to conform to the 2021 presentation.

(t) Variable Interest Entities

In 2018, the operations of GACP II, LP, a private debt investment limited partnership (the “Partnership”) commenced operations. The Partnership is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) since the unaffiliated limited partners do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights to remove the Company’s subsidiary that is the general partner managing the Partnership. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary due to the fact that its fee arrangements are considered at-market and thus not deemed to be variable interests, and it does not hold any other interests in the Partnership that are considered to be more than insignificant. The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE at the time it becomes involved with a VIE and reconsiders that conclusion at each reporting date. In evaluating whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, the Company evaluates its economic interests in the entity held either directly by the Company or indirectly through related parties. The consolidation analysis can generally be performed qualitatively; however, if it is not readily apparent that the Company is not the primary beneficiary, a quantitative analysis may also be performed.

In November 2020, the Company invested in Lingo Management, LLC (“Lingo”), a joint venture with an unaffiliated third party. On March 10, 2021, the Company also extended a promissory note to Lingo Communications, LLC (a wholly owned subsidiary of Lingo). Lingo is a VIE because the entity does not have enough equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary because it does not have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s financial performance. The Company’s variable interests in Lingo include loans receivable, at fair value and an equity investment accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

The Company, through its newly acquired subsidiary, National, has entered into agreements to provide investment banking and advisory services to numerous investment funds (the “Funds”) that are considered variable interest entities under the accounting guidance. These Funds are established primarily to make and manage investments in equity or convertible debt securities of privately held companies that the Company, as investment advisor to the Funds, believes possess innovative or disruptive technologies and present opportunities for an initial public offering (“IPO”) or other similar liquidity event within approximately one to five years from the date of investment. The Funds intend to hold the investments until an IPO or other similar liquidity event and then to make distributions to its investors when contractually permitted, estimated at approximately six months following such IPO or liquidity event.

The Company earns fees from the Funds in the form of placement agent fees and carried interest. For placement agent fees, the Company receives a cash fee of generally 7% to 10% of the amount of raised capital for the Funds and the fee is recognized at the time the placement services occurred. The Company receives carried interest as a percentage allocation (8% to 15%) of the profits of the Funds as compensation for asset management services provided to the Funds and it is recognized under the ownership model of ASC 323 as an equity method investment with changes in allocation recorded currently in the results of operations. Once fund investors have received distributions in an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of their total capital contributions, the Company as the manager of the Funds will be entitled to share in any profits of the Funds to the extent of the carried interest. As the fee arrangements under such agreements are arm's length and contain customary terms and conditions and represent compensation that is considered fair value for the services provided, the fee arrangements are not considered variable interests and accordingly, the Company does not consolidate such VIEs.

Placement agent fees attributable to such arrangements from acquisition date through June 30, 2021 were $25,382 and are included in services and fees in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The carrying value of the Company’s investments in the VIEs that were not consolidated is shown below.

(u) Recent Accounting Standards

Not yet adopted

In March 2020, FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)” (“ASU 2020-04”), which provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease potential accounting impacts associated with transitioning away from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"). The amendments in ASU 2020-04 apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The amendments in ASU 2020-04 are effective through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently assessing the potential impacts the adoption of ASU 2020-04 may have on its consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position or disclosures.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. This Update addresses issues identified as a result of the complexity associated with applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. In addressing the complexity, the Board focused on amending the guidance on convertible instruments and the guidance on the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity. For convertible instruments, the Board decided to reduce the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock. Limiting the accounting models results in fewer embedded conversion features being separately recognized from the host contract as compared with current GAAP. In addition to eliminating certain accounting models, the ASU also provides guidance to enhance information transparency by making targeted improvements to the disclosures for convertible instruments and earnings-per-share (EPS) guidance. Additionally, the ASU amends the guidance for the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity to reduce form-over-substance-based accounting conclusions, and to amend the related EPS guidance. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company has not yet adopted this update and is currently evaluating the effect, if any, this new standard will have on its financial condition and results of operations.

Recently adopted

In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This standard simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes on investments, performing intra-period allocations, and calculating income taxes in interim periods. The ASU also adds guidance to reduce the complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. The revised guidance will be applied prospectively and is effective for SEC filers for annual periods or interim periods with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual periods for which financial statements have not been issued. The Company adopted the ASU effective January 1, 2021. The impact of adopting the ASU was immaterial to the consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position and disclosures.

In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-08, Codification Improvements to Subtopic 310-20, Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs. The amendments in this Update clarify that an entity should reevaluate whether a callable debt security is within the scope of paragraph 310-20-35-33 for each reporting period. The Update is intended to clarify the Codification and make the Codification easier to understand and easier to apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company adopted the ASU effective January 1, 2021. The impact of adopting the ASU was immaterial to the consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position and disclosures.

In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-10, Codification Improvements. The Update contains amendments that improve the consistency of the Codification by including all disclosure guidance in the appropriate Disclosure Section (Section 50). Many of the Amendments arose because the Board provided an option to give certain information either on the face of the financial statements or in the notes to financial statements and that option was only included in the Other Presentation Matters Section (Section 45) of the Codification. The option to disclose information in the notes to financial statements should have been codified in the Disclosure section as well as the Other Presentation Matters Section (or other Section of the Codification in which the option to disclose in the notes to financial statements appears). These amendments are not expected to change current practice but are intended to improve the Codification by ensuring that all guidance that requires or provides an option for an entity to provide information in the notes to financial statements is included in the Disclosure Section of the Codification, thus reducing the likelihood that the disclosure requirement would be missed. The Board does not anticipate that the amendments will result in any changes to current GAAP. The amendments in the Update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, for public business entities. Early application of the amendments is permitted for public business entities for any annual or interim period for which financial statements have not been issued. The amendments in the Update should be applied retrospectively. The Company adopted the ASU effective January 1, 2021. The impact of adopting the ASU was immaterial to the consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position and disclosures.

NOTE 3—RESTRUCTURING CHARGE

The Company did not record any restructuring charges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. The following tables summarize the changes in accrued restructuring charge during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:

Unbilled receivables represent the amount of contractual reimbursable costs and fees for services performed in connection with fee and service based auction and liquidation contracts.

Additions and changes to the allowance for doubtful accounts consist of the following:

NOTE 6— GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill was $236,005 and $227,046 at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2021 were as follows: