Issuer CIK | 0001859199 |
Issuer CCC | XXXXXXXX |
DOS File Number | |
Offering File Number | 024-11523 |
Is this a LIVE or TEST Filing? | ☒ LIVE ☐ TEST |
Would you like a Return Copy? | ☐ |
Notify via Filing Website only? | ☐ |
Since Last Filing? | ☒ |
Name | |
Phone | |
E-Mail Address |
Exact name of issuer as specified in the issuer's charter | ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. |
Jurisdiction of Incorporation / Organization |
DELAWARE
|
Year of Incorporation | 2021 |
CIK | 0001859199 |
Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code | REAL ESTATE OPERATORS (NO DEVELOPERS) & LESSORS |
I.R.S. Employer Identification Number | 86-3425507 |
Total number of full-time employees | 0 |
Total number of part-time employees | 0 |
Address 1 | 6515 Longshore Loop |
Address 2 | Suite 100 |
City | Dublin |
State/Country |
OHIO
|
Mailing Zip/ Postal Code | 43017 |
Phone | 614-633-7155 |
Name | Mike Logozzo |
Address 1 | |
Address 2 | |
City | |
State/Country | |
Mailing Zip/ Postal Code | |
Phone |
Industry Group (select one) | ☐ Banking ☐ Insurance ☒ Other |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
$
333220.00 |
Investment Securities |
$
0.00 |
Total Investments |
$
|
Accounts and Notes Receivable |
$
10388.00 |
Loans |
$
|
Property, Plant and Equipment (PP&E): |
$
1137616.00 |
Property and Equipment |
$
|
Total Assets |
$
1481224.00 |
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities |
$
1643.00 |
Policy Liabilities and Accruals |
$
|
Deposits |
$
|
Long Term Debt |
$
1007994.00 |
Total Liabilities |
$
1009637.00 |
Total Stockholders' Equity |
$
471587.00 |
Total Liabilities and Equity |
$
1481224.00 |
Total Revenues |
$
784.00 |
Total Interest Income |
$
|
Costs and Expenses Applicable to Revenues |
$
2056.00 |
Total Interest Expenses |
$
|
Depreciation and Amortization |
$
832.00 |
Net Income |
$
-3413.00 |
Earnings Per Share - Basic |
$
-0.00 |
Earnings Per Share - Diluted |
$
-0.00 |
Name of Auditor (if any) | GBQ Partners LLC |
Name of Class (if any) Common Equity | Common Stock |
Common Equity Units Outstanding | 40000000 |
Common Equity CUSIP (if any): | 000000000 |
Common Equity Units Name of Trading Center or Quotation Medium (if any) | - |
Preferred Equity Name of Class (if any) | - |
Preferred Equity Units Outstanding | 0 |
Preferred Equity CUSIP (if any) | 000000000 |
Preferred Equity Name of Trading Center or Quotation Medium (if any) | - |
Debt Securities Name of Class (if any) | - |
Debt Securities Units Outstanding | 0 |
Debt Securities CUSIP (if any): | 000000000 |
Debt Securities Name of Trading Center or Quotation Medium (if any) | - |
Check this box to certify that all of the following statements are true for the issuer(s)
☒
Check this box to certify that, as of the time of this filing, each person described in Rule 262 of Regulation A is either not disqualified under that rule or is disqualified but has received a waiver of such disqualification.
☒
Check this box if "bad actor" disclosure under Rule 262(d) is provided in Part II of the offering statement.
☐
Check the appropriate box to indicate whether you are conducting a Tier 1 or Tier 2 offering | ☐ Tier1 ☒ Tier2 |
Check the appropriate box to indicate whether the financial statements have been audited | ☐ Unaudited ☒ Audited |
Types of Securities Offered in this Offering Statement (select all that apply) |
☒Equity (common or preferred stock) |
Does the issuer intend to offer the securities on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 251(d)(3)? | ☐ Yes ☒ No |
Does the issuer intend this offering to last more than one year? | ☒ Yes ☐ No |
Does the issuer intend to price this offering after qualification pursuant to Rule 253(b)? | ☐ Yes ☒ No |
Will the issuer be conducting a best efforts offering? | ☒ Yes ☐ No |
Has the issuer used solicitation of interest communications in connection with the proposed offering? | ☐ Yes ☒ No |
Does the proposed offering involve the resale of securities by affiliates of the issuer? | ☐ Yes ☒ No |
Number of securities offered | 7500000 |
Number of securities of that class outstanding | 40000000 |
Price per security |
$
10.0000 |
The portion of the aggregate offering price attributable to securities being offered on behalf of the issuer |
$
75000000.00 |
The portion of the aggregate offering price attributable to securities being offered on behalf of selling securityholders |
$
0.00 |
The portion of the aggregate offering price attributable to all the securities of the issuer sold pursuant to a qualified offering statement within the 12 months before the qualification of this offering statement |
$
0.00 |
The estimated portion of aggregate sales attributable to securities that may be sold pursuant to any other qualified offering statement concurrently with securities being sold under this offering statement |
$
0.00 |
Total (the sum of the aggregate offering price and aggregate sales in the four preceding paragraphs) |
$
75000000.00 |
Underwriters - Name of Service Provider | Underwriters - Fees |
$
| |
Sales Commissions - Name of Service Provider | Dalmore Group, LLC- | Sales Commissions - Fee |
$
775000.00 |
Finders' Fees - Name of Service Provider | - | Finders' Fees - Fees |
$
0.00 |
Audit - Name of Service Provider | GBQ Partners LLC | Audit - Fees |
$
20000.00 |
Legal - Name of Service Provider | Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC | Legal - Fees |
$
150000.00 |
Promoters - Name of Service Provider | - | Promoters - Fees |
$
0.00 |
Blue Sky Compliance - Name of Service Provider | - | Blue Sky Compliance - Fees |
$
0.00 |
CRD Number of any broker or dealer listed: | 136352 |
Estimated net proceeds to the issuer |
$
74055000.00 |
Clarification of responses (if necessary) |
Selected States and Jurisdictions |
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
|
None | ☐ |
Same as the jurisdictions in which the issuer intends to offer the securities | ☒ |
Selected States and Jurisdictions |
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
|
None ☐
As to any unregistered securities issued by the issuer of any of its predecessors or affiliated issuers within one year before the filing of this Form 1-A, state:
(a)Name of such issuer | ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. |
(b)(1) Title of securities issued | Common Stock |
(2) Total Amount of such securities issued | 40000000 |
(3) Amount of such securities sold by or for the account of any person who at the time was a director, officer, promoter or principal securityholder of the issuer of such securities, or was an underwriter of any securities of such issuer. | 0 |
(c)(1) Aggregate consideration for which the securities were issued and basis for computing the amount thereof. | $450,000.00 ($0.01125 per share) |
(2) Aggregate consideration for which the securities listed in (b)(3) of this item (if any) were issued and the basis for computing the amount thereof (if different from the basis described in (c)(1)). |
(e) Indicate the section of the Securities Act or Commission rule or regulation relied upon for exemption from the registration requirements of such Act and state briefly the facts relied upon for such exemption | Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 30, 2021.
PART II - INFORMATION REQUIRED IN OFFERING CIRCULAR
Preliminary Offering Circular dated August 30, 2021
An offering statement pursuant to Regulation A relating to these securities has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Information contained in this Preliminary Offering Circular is subject to completion or amendment. These securities may not be sold nor may offers to buy be accepted before the offering statement filed with the Commission is qualified. This Preliminary Offering Circular shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor may there be any sales of these securities in any state in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful before registration or qualification under the laws of any such state. We may elect to satisfy our obligation to deliver a Final Offering Circular by sending you a notice within two business days after the completion of our sale to you that contains the URL where the Final Offering Circular or the offering statement in which such Final Offering Circular was filed may be obtained.
OFFERING CIRCULAR
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc.
Up to 7,500,000 shares of Common Stock
6515 Longshore Loop, Suite 100
Dublin, OH 43017
(+1-707-732-5742)
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“we,” “ReAlpha,” or “the Company”), is offering up to 7,500,000 shares of our common stock (the “Offering”) at an offering price of $10.00 per share. The Company’s sole shareholder is not selling any shares of common stock in this Offering. Our dealer manager, Dalmore Group, LLC is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of shares but will use its “reasonable best efforts” to sell the shares offered. The minimum permitted purchase is generally $1,000 but purchases of less than $1,000 may be made in the discretion of the dealer manager.
There is no existing public trading market for our common stock, and we do not anticipate that a secondary market for our common stock will develop. We do not intend to apply for listing of the common stock on any securities exchange or for quotation in any automated dealer quotation system or other over-the-counter market.
This Offering is being conducted pursuant to Regulation A of Section 3(6) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”), for Tier 2 offerings. This offering will terminate at the earlier of: (1) the date at which the maximum amount of offered common stock has been sold, (2) the date which is one year after the offering statement of which this offering circular forms a part is qualified by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), subject to an extension of up to an additional two years at the discretion of our company and the dealer manager, or (3) the date on which this offering is earlier terminated by us in our sole discretion.
Investing in our securities is highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the information set forth in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 3 before deciding to invest in our common stock.
Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this offering circular is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Per Share | Maximum Offering | |||||||
Public offering price | $ | 10.00 | $ | 75,000,000 | ||||
Sales commissions | $ | 0.10 | * | $ | 750,000 | |||
Proceeds to us, before expenses | $ | 9.90 | $ | 74,250,000 |
The United States Securities and Exchange Commission does not pass upon the merits of or give its approval to any securities offered or the terms of the Offering, nor does it pass upon the accuracy or completeness of any offering circular or other solicitation materials. These securities are offered pursuant to an exemption from registration with the Commission; however, the Commission has not made an independent determination that the securities offered are exempt from registration.
* | Dalmore Group, LLC. (the “Broker”), will be acting as our broker/dealer of record in connection with this Offering. The Broker will be entitled to a brokerage fee equal to 1.0% of the amount raised through this Offering. The Broker will receive compensation in addition to the brokerage fee. See “Plan of Distribution.” |
Generally, no sale may be made to you in this Offering if the aggregate purchase price you pay is more than 10% of the greater of your annual income or net worth. Different rules apply to accredited investors and non-natural persons. Before making any representation that your investment does not exceed applicable thresholds, we encourage you to review Rule 251(d)(2)(i)(C) of Regulation A. For general information on investing, we encourage you to refer to www.investor.gov.
For more information concerning the procedures of the Offering, please refer to “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page 23.
We are following the “Offering Circular” disclosure format under Regulation A.
The date of this offering circular is August 30, 2021.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
We have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this offering circular or in any “testing the waters” materials we have prepared. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you.
To the extent the information in this offering circular, without regard to any “testing the waters” materials, conflicts with, or differs from, the information provided in any “testing the waters” materials, the information in this offering circular, again without regard to any “testing the waters” materials, supersedes and replaces any such conflicting or differing information.
We and the selling shareholders are offering to sell shares of our common stock, and are seeking offers to buy shares of our common stock, only in jurisdictions where such offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this offering circular is current only as of its date.
i
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THIS OFFERING CIRCULAR
Please carefully read the information in this offering circular and any accompanying offering circular supplements, which we refer to collectively as the “offering circular.” You should rely only on the information contained in this offering circular. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. This offering circular may only be used where it is legal to sell these securities. You should not assume that the information contained in this offering circular is accurate as of any date later than the date hereof or such other dates as are stated herein or as of the respective dates of any documents or other information incorporated herein by reference.
This offering circular is part of an offering statement that we filed with the SEC, using a continuous offering process. Periodically, as we make material developments, we will provide an offering circular supplement that may add, update or change information contained in this offering circular. Any statement that we make in this offering circular will be modified or superseded by any inconsistent statement made by us in a subsequent offering circular supplement. The offering statement we filed with the SEC includes exhibits that provide more detailed descriptions of the matters discussed in this offering circular. You should read this offering circular and the related exhibits filed with the SEC and any offering circular supplement, together with additional information contained in our annual reports, semi-annual reports and other reports and information statements that we will file periodically with the SEC. See the section entitled “Where You Can Find Additional Information” on page 44 for more details.
The offering statement and all supplements and reports that we have filed or will file in the future can be read at the SEC website, www.sec.gov.
We will be permitted to make a determination that the purchasers of stock in this offering are “qualified purchasers” in reliance on the information and representations provided by the purchaser regarding the purchaser’s financial situation. Before making any representation that your investment does not exceed applicable thresholds, we encourage you to review Rule 251(d)(2)(i)(C) of Regulation A. For general information on investing, we encourage you to refer to www.investor.gov.
ii
STATE LAW EXEMPTION AND PURCHASE RESTRICTIONS
Our common stock is being offered and sold only to “qualified purchasers” (as defined in Regulation A under the Securities Act of 1933. As a Tier 2 Offering pursuant to Regulation A under the Securities Act, this Offering will be exempt from state law “Blue Sky” review, subject to meeting certain state filing requirements and complying with certain anti-fraud provisions, to the extent that our common stock offered hereby is offered and sold only to “qualified purchasers” or at a time when our common stock is listed on a national securities exchange. “Qualified purchasers” include: (i) “accredited investors” under Rule 501(a) of Regulation D; and (ii) all other investors so long as their investment in our common stock does not represent more than 10% of the greater of their annual income or net worth (for natural persons), or 10% of the greater of annual revenue or net assets at fiscal year-end (for non-natural persons). Accordingly, we reserve the right to reject any investor’s subscription in whole or in part for any reason, including if we determine in our sole and absolute discretion that such investor is not a “qualified purchaser” for purposes of Regulation A.
To determine whether a potential investor is an “accredited investor” for purposes of satisfying one of the tests in the “qualified purchaser” definition, the investor must be a natural person:
1 | who had individual income in excess of $200,000 in each of the two most recent years or joint income with their spouse or spousal equivalent in excess of $300,000 in each of those years and has a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income level in the current year; |
2 | whose individual net worth, or joint net worth with their spouse or spousal equivalent, exceeds $1,000,000; |
3 | who is a director or executive officer of our Company; |
4 | who holds one of the following licenses in good standing: General Securities Representative license (Series 7), the Private Securities Offerings Representative license (Series 82), or the Investment Adviser Representative license (Series 65); |
The list above is non-exhaustive; prospective investors should review Rule 501 of Regulation D for more details on whether they are an “accredited investor”. If the investor is not a natural person, different standards apply. See Rule 501 of Regulation D for more details.
For purposes of determining whether a potential investor is a “qualified purchaser”, annual income and net worth should be calculated as provided in the “accredited investor” definition under Rule 501 of Regulation D. In particular, net worth in all cases should be calculated excluding the value of an investor’s home, home furnishings and automobiles.
iii
This offering summary highlights material information regarding our common stock, our business and this Offering. Because it is a summary, it may not contain all of the information that is important to you. To understand this Offering fully, you should read the entire Offering Circular carefully, in particular the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and the notes relating to those consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Offering Circular before making a decision to invest in our common stock.
Unless the context requires otherwise, in this offering circular, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” and “ReAlpha” includes the Company, together with its affiliates, and “Company” refers to ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc.
Overview
We are a newly formed company with a mission is to empower retail investor participation in short-term rental properties. We were founded on the belief that every person should have the access and freedom to pursue wealth creation through real estate.
Using proprietary technology we are developing, we will acquire single-family homes at a discount, renovate them to optimize after-repair value if needed, list them on short-term rental sites, and manage them. We intend to separately provide the opportunity to retail investors we call “Syndicate Members” to acquire a minority interest in these properties through subsequent exempt offerings.
We were formed as a Delaware corporation on April 22, 2021 as a wholly owned subsidiary of ReAlpha Tech Corp. In connection with our formation, we acquired interests in seven single-family homes previously acquired by ReAlpha Tech Corp.
We have no employees. ReAlpha Tech Corp will provide the services required for our operation under the terms of a Master Services Agreement. See “Our Business – Management Services Agreement.”
Summary Risk Factors
An investment in our common stock in this offering involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in the section of this offering circular titled “Risk Factors.” These risks include the following:
● | We have a limited operating history and may not be able to operate our business successfully or generate sufficient cash flows to accomplish our business objectives. |
● | Our audited financial statements include a statement that there is a substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. |
● | We have minimal operating capital and for the foreseeable future will be dependent upon our ability to finance our operations from the sale of equity or other financing alternatives. |
● | We depend on our parent company for the management of our operations and investments. |
● | We have set the offering price in this Offering arbitrarily and it may not reflect the value of our common stock. |
● | If you purchase our common stock in this Offering, you will experience substantial and immediate dilution. |
● | There is no minimum amount required as a condition of our accepting subscriptions and using the funds raised in this Offering. |
● | Our parent company will control the direction of our business and its ownership of our common stock will prevent you and other shareholders from influencing significant decisions. |
1
The Offering
Common stock offered by us: | We are offering up to 7,500,000 shares of common stock | |
Common stock to be outstanding after this Offering: | 47,500,000 shares | |
Use of proceeds: | We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the sale of our Common Stock in this offering will be approximately $69,673,800, based upon the offering price of $10.00 per share, and after deducting estimated offering expenses. We intend to use the net proceeds we receive from this offering for the acquisition, renovation, and managing of properties; working capital, technology development, and marketing to attract additional users to our platform. | |
Risk factors: | See the section titled “Risk Factors” and other information included in this offering circular for a discussion of some of the factors you should consider before deciding to purchase shares of our common stock. | |
Investment limitations: | Each purchaser must be a “qualified purchaser’. “Qualified purchasers” include: (i) “accredited investors” under Rule 501(a) of Regulation D; and (ii) all other investors so long as their investment in our common stock does not represent more than 10% of the greater of their annual income or net worth (for natural persons), or 10% of the greater of annual revenue or net assets at fiscal year-end (for non-natural persons). Accordingly, we reserve the right to reject any investor’s subscription in whole or in part for any reason, including if we determine in our sole and absolute discretion that such investor is not a “qualified purchaser” for purposes of Regulation A. | |
Liquidity: | Our common stock will not be listed for trading on, and we have no intention to apply for listing on, any securities exchange or through any other trading platform |
2
Our common stock involves a high degree of risk. In deciding whether to purchase our common stock, you should carefully consider the following risk factors. Any of the following risks could have a material adverse effect on the value of the common stock you purchase and could cause you to lose all or part of your initial purchase price.
Risks Relating to Our Business
We have a limited operating history and may not be able to operate our business successfully or generate sufficient cash flows to accomplish our business objectives.
We have a limited operating history. As a result, an investment in our common stock entails more risk than an investment in the common stock of a company with a substantial operating history. If we are unable to operate our business successfully, you could lose all or a portion of your investment in our common stock. Our ability to successfully operate our business and implement our operating policies and investment strategy depends on many factors, including:
● | our ability to obtain the additional capital; |
● | our ability to effectively manage renovation, maintenance, marketing and other operating costs for our properties; |
● | economic conditions in our markets, including changes in employment and household earnings and expenses, as well as the condition of the financial and real estate markets and the economy, in general; | |
● | our ability to maintain high occupancy rates and target rent levels; | |
● | the availability of, and our ability to identify, attractive acquisition opportunities consistent with our investment strategy; | |
● | our ability to compete with other investors entering the sector for short-term single-family properties; | |
● | costs that are beyond our control, including title litigation, litigation with guests, legal compliance, real estate taxes, HOA fees and insurance; | |
● | judicial and regulatory developments affecting landlord-guest relations that may affect or delay our ability increase rental rates; | |
● | reversal of population, employment or homeownership trends in our markets; and | |
● | interest rate levels and volatility, such as the accessibility of short-term and long-term financing on desirable terms. |
In addition, we face significant competition in acquiring attractive properties on advantageous terms, and the value of the properties that we acquire may decline substantially after we purchase them.
3
These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern
Our audited financial statements include a statement that there is a substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
Our audited financial statements as of and for the period ended April 30, 2021 included in this Offering Circular were prepared on the assumption that we would continue as a going concern. Those financial statements and the accompanying opinion of our auditor expressed a substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Those audited financial statements did not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. We will need additional capital for full commencement of our planned operations and we subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including failing to secure funding to commence our planned operations or failing to profitably operate the business. We intend to raise funds through various potential sources, such as equity or debt financings; however, we can provide no assurance that such financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If adequate financing is not available, we may be required to significantly curtail or cease our operations, and our business would be jeopardized.
We have minimal operating capital and no revenue from operations.
We have minimal operating capital and for the foreseeable future will be dependent upon our ability to finance our operations from the sale of equity or other financing alternatives. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully raise operating capital. The failure to successfully raise operating capital, and the failure to attract qualified real estate companies and sufficient investor purchase commitments, could result in our bankruptcy or other event which would have a material adverse effect on us and our shareholders.
We depend on our parent company for the management of our operations and investments.
Our parent company manages our operations and our portfolio of real estate investments. We have no employees, and utilize our parent company’s personnel to perform services for us. Our ability to achieve our investment objectives is dependent upon the performance of our parent company and its affiliates as well as its real estate professionals in the identification and acquisition or origination of investments, the management of our assets and operation of our day-to-day activities. Any adverse changes in our parent company’s financial condition or our relationship with our parent company could hinder the management of our operations and our portfolio of investments.
We are employing a business model with a limited track record, which makes our business difficult to evaluate.
Until recently, the single-family short-term rental business consisted primarily of private and individual investors in local markets and was managed individually or by small, non-institutional owners and property managers. Our business strategy involves purchasing, renovating, maintaining and managing a large number of residential properties and short-term renting them to guests. Entry into this market by large, well-capitalized investors is a relatively recent trend, so few peer companies exist and none have yet established long-term track records that might assist us in predicting whether our business model and investment strategy can be implemented and sustained over an extended period of time. It may be difficult for you to evaluate our potential future performance without the benefit of established long-term track records from companies implementing a similar business model. We may encounter unanticipated problems as we continue to refine our business model, which may adversely affect our results of operations and ability to make distributions to our shareholders and cause our share price to decline significantly.
We may not be able to attract investors to invest in our portfolio properties.
The success of our business model is dependent upon our ability to attract investors to co-invest in the portfolio properties we have acquired and those will intend to acquire in the future. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain investors to invest in our portfolio properties upon terms acceptable to us, if at all.
We may not be able to effectively manage our growth, and any failure to do so may have an adverse effect on our business and operating results.
Our future operating results may depend on our ability to effectively manage our potential growth, which is dependent, in part, upon our ability to:
● | stabilize and manage an increasing number of properties and guest relationships across a geographically dispersed portfolio while maintaining a high level of guest satisfaction, and building and enhancing our brand; |
● | identify and supervise a number of suitable third parties on which we rely to provide certain services outside of property management to our properties; |
4
● | attract, integrate and retain new management and operations personnel; and |
● | continue to improve our operational and financial controls and reporting procedures and systems. |
We can provide no assurance that we will be able to manage our properties or grow our business efficiently or effectively, or without incurring significant additional expenses. Any failure to do so may have an adverse effect on our business and operating results.
A significant portion of our portfolio properties’ costs and expenses are fixed and we may not be able to adapt our cost structure to offset declines in our revenue.
Many of the expenses associated with our portfolio properties, such as real estate taxes, HOA fees, personal and property taxes, insurance, utilities, acquisition, renovation and maintenance costs, and other general corporate expenses are relatively inflexible and will not necessarily decrease with a reduction in revenues. Some components of their fixed assets will depreciate more rapidly and require ongoing capital expenditures. Their expenses and ongoing capital expenditures will also be affected by inflationary increases and certain of our cost increases may exceed the rate of inflation in any given period or market. By contrast, short-term rental income will be affected by many factors beyond our control, such as the availability of alternative short-term rental housing and economic conditions in our markets. In addition, state and local regulations may require the properties that we own, even if the cost of maintenance is greater than the value of the property or any potential benefit from renting the property, or pass regulations that limit our ability to increase short-term rental rates. As a result, we may not be able to fully offset rising costs and capital spending by increasing short-term rental rates, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash available for distribution.
Increasing property taxes, HOA fees and insurance costs may negatively affect our financial results.
The cost of property taxes and insuring our properties is a significant component of our expenses. Our properties are subject to real and personal property taxes that may increase as tax rates change and as the real properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. As the owner of our properties, we are ultimately responsible for payment of the taxes to the applicable government authorities. If real property taxes increase, our expenses will increase. If we fail to pay any such taxes, the applicable taxing authority may place a lien on the real property and the real property may be subject to a tax sale.
In addition, a significant portion of our properties may be located within HOAs and we are subject to HOA rules and regulations. HOAs have the power to increase monthly charges and make assessments for capital improvements and common area repairs and maintenance. Property taxes, HOA fees, and insurance premiums are subject to significant increases, which can be outside of our control. If the costs associated with property taxes, HOA fees and assessments or insurance rise significantly and we are unable to increase rental rates due to rent control laws or other regulations to offset such increases, our results of operations would be negatively affected.
We may suffer from delays in locating suitable investments, which could limit our ability to make distributions and lower the overall return on your investment.
We rely upon our parent company, to identify suitable investments. To the extent that our parent company’s real estate professionals face competing demands upon their time in instances when we have capital ready for investment, we may face delays in execution.
Additionally, the current market for properties that meet our investment objectives is highly competitive, as are the sale and resale markets for such properties. The more shares we sell in this offering, the greater our challenge will be to invest all of the net offering proceeds on attractive terms. Except for investments that may be described in supplements to this Offering Circular prior to the date you subscribe for our shares, you will have no opportunity to evaluate the terms of transactions or other economic or financial data concerning our investments. You must rely entirely on the oversight and management ability of our parent company and the performance of any property manager. We cannot be sure that our parent company will be successful in obtaining suitable investments on financially attractive terms.
We intend to utilize a significant amount of indebtedness in the operation of our subsidiaries’ business.
We intend to incur indebtedness in connection with the acquisition of our portfolio properties and for other purposes. Our use of leverage could have important consequences to us. For example, it could: (1) result in the acceleration of a significant amount of debt for non-compliance with the terms of such debt or, if such debt contains cross default or cross-acceleration provisions, other debt; (2) result in the loss of assets, including individual properties or portfolios, due to foreclosure or sale on unfavorable terms, which could create taxable income without accompanying cash proceeds; (3) materially impair our ability to borrow unused amounts under existing financing arrangements or to obtain additional financing or refinancing on favorable terms or at all; (4) require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow to paying principal and interest on our indebtedness, reducing the cash flow available to fund our business, to pay dividends, or to use for other purposes; (5) increase our vulnerability to an economic downturn; (6) limit our ability to withstand competitive pressures; or (7) reduce our flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions.
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If any of the foregoing occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected, and the trading price of our common stock could decline significantly.
Because we are limited in the amount of funds we can raise, we will be limited in the number and type of investments we make and the value of your investment in us will fluctuate with the performance of the specific assets we acquire.
This Offering is being made on a “best efforts maximum” basis and we may begin to invest net proceeds from this Offering as they are raised.
Under Regulation A, we are only allowed to raise up to $75,000,000 in any 12-month period (although we may raise capital in other ways). The amount of proceeds we raise in this Offering may be substantially less than the amount we would need to achieve a diversified portfolio of investments, even if we are successful in raising the maximum Offering amount.
If we are unable to raise substantial funds, we will make fewer investments resulting in less diversification in terms of the type, number, and size of investments that we make. In that case, the likelihood that any single asset’s performance would adversely affect our profitability will increase. Your investment in shares of our common stock will be subject to greater risk to the extent that we lack a diversified portfolio of investments. Further, we will have certain fixed operating expenses, including certain expenses as a result of completing this Offering under Regulation A, regardless of whether we are able to raise substantial funds in this Offering.
We have been organized as a corporation which will result in an additional level of taxation not incurred by entities organized as pass-through entities.
We were formed as a corporation and have elected to be taxed as a corporation. As a result, unlike limited liability companies, limited partnerships, and other pass-through entities that do not incur tax at the entity level, both we and the holders of our common stock will incur tax on any earnings generated by our real estate subsidiaries that are distributed to the holders of our common stock.
Our parent company’s liability is limited under its Master Services Agreement with us. As a result, we could experience poor performance or losses for which our parent company would not be liable.
The services provided to us by our parent company will be governed by the terms of a master services agreement. Pursuant to that agreement, it will not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss we suffer in connection with the performance of the master services agreement, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services or a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of our parent company in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under the agreement.
Our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows may be adversely affected by pandemics and outbreaks of infectious disease, particularly the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Pandemics, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, and outbreaks of infectious disease may adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak in the United States has led entities directed by, or notionally affiliated with, the Federal government as well as certain states and cities, including those in which we own and will own properties, to impose and continue to implement measures intended to control the spread of COVID-19, including instituting quarantines, restrictions on travel, “shelter in place” rules, and restrictions on types of business that may continue to operate.
Maintenance of our Investment Company Act exemption imposes limits on our operations, which may adversely affect our operations.
We intend to conduct our operations so that neither we nor any of our subsidiaries is required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. We anticipate that we will hold real estate and real estate-related assets described below (i) directly, (ii) through wholly-owned subsidiaries, (iii) through majority-owned joint venture subsidiaries, and, (iv) to a lesser extent, through minority-owned joint venture subsidiaries.
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In connection with the Section 3(a)(1)(C) analysis, the determination of whether an entity is a majority-owned subsidiary of our Company is made by us. The Investment Company Act defines a majority-owned subsidiary of a person as a company 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of which are owned by such person, or by another company that is a majority-owned subsidiary of such person. The Investment Company Act further defines voting security as any security presently entitling the owner or holder thereof to vote for the election of directors of a company. We treat companies in which we own at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities as majority-owned subsidiaries. We also treat subsidiaries of which we or our wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiary is the manager (in a manager-managed entity) or managing member (in a member-managed entity) or in which our agreement or the agreement of our wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiary is required for all major decisions affecting the subsidiaries (referred to herein as “Controlled Subsidiaries”), as majority-owned subsidiaries even though none of the interests issued by such Controlled Subsidiaries meets the definition of voting securities under the Investment Company Act. We reached our conclusion on the basis that the interests issued by the Controlled Subsidiaries are the functional equivalent of voting securities. We have not asked the SEC staff for concurrence of our analysis, our treatment of such interests as voting securities, or whether the Controlled Subsidiaries, or any other of our subsidiaries, may be treated in the manner in which we intend, and it is possible that the SEC staff could disagree with any of our determinations. If the SEC staff were to disagree with our treatment of one or more companies as majority-owned subsidiaries, we would need to adjust our strategy and our assets. Any such adjustment in our strategy could have a material adverse effect on us.
Certain of our subsidiaries may rely on the exclusion provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) under the Investment Company Act. Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act is designed for entities “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate”. This exclusion generally requires that at least 55% of the entity’s assets on an unconsolidated basis consist of qualifying real estate interests and at least 80% of the entity’s assets consist of qualifying real estate interests or real estate-related assets. These requirements limit the assets those subsidiaries can own and the timing of sales and purchases of those assets.
To classify the assets held by our subsidiaries as qualifying real estate interests or real estate-related assets, we rely on no-action letters and other guidance published by the SEC staff regarding those kinds of assets, as well as upon our analyses (in consultation with counsel) of guidance published with respect to other types of assets. There can be no assurance that the laws and regulations governing the Investment Company Act status of companies similar to ours, or the guidance from the SEC or its staff regarding the treatment of assets as qualifying real estate interests or real estate-related assets, will not change in a manner that adversely affects our operations. In fact, in August 2011, the SEC published a concept release in which it asked for comments on this exclusion from regulation. To the extent that the SEC staff provides more specific guidance regarding any of the matters bearing upon our exemption from the need to register or exclusion under the Investment Company Act, we may be required to adjust our strategy accordingly. Any additional guidance from the SEC staff could further inhibit our ability to pursue the strategies that we have chosen.
Furthermore, although we intend to monitor the assets of our subsidiaries regularly, there can be no assurance that our subsidiaries will be able to maintain their exclusion from registration. Any of the foregoing could require us to adjust our strategy, which could limit our ability to make certain investments or require us to sell assets in a manner, at a price or at a time that we otherwise would not have chosen. This could negatively affect the value of our common shares, the sustainability of our business model and our ability to make distributions.
Registration under the Investment Company Act would require us to comply with a variety of substantive requirements that impose, among other things:
● | limitations on capital structure; |
● | restrictions on specified investments; |
● | restrictions on leverage or senior securities; |
● | restrictions on unsecured borrowings; |
● | prohibitions on transactions with affiliates; and |
● | compliance with reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy disclosure and other rules and regulations that would significantly increase our operating expenses. |
If we were required to register as an investment company but failed to do so, we could be prohibited from engaging in our business, and criminal and civil actions could be brought against us.
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Registration with the SEC as an investment company would be costly, would subject us to a host of complex regulations and would divert attention from the conduct of our business, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Our board of directors may change significant corporate policies without shareholder approval.
Our investment, financing, borrowing and dividend policies and our policies with respect to all other activities, including growth, debt, capitalization and operations, will be determined by our board of directors. These policies may be amended or revised at any time and from time to time at the discretion of our board of directors without a vote of our shareholders. In addition, our board of directors may change our policies with respect to conflicts of interest provided that such changes are consistent with applicable legal requirements.
The rights of our shareholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.
Our certificate of incorporation will eliminate the liability of our directors and officers to our shareholders for money damages to the maximum extent permitted under Delaware law. Under current Delaware law our directors and officers will not have any liability to us or our shareholders for money damages other than liability resulting from:
● | actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or |
● | active and deliberate dishonesty by the director or officer that was established by a final judgment and is material to the cause of action adjudicated. |
Our bylaws will obligate us to indemnify each of our directors or officers who is or is threatened to be made a party to or witness in a proceeding by reason of his or her service in those or certain other capacities, to the maximum extent permitted by Delaware law, from and against any claim or liability to which such person may become subject or which such person may incur by reason of his or her status as a present or former director or officer of us or serving in such other capacities. In addition, we may be obligated to pay or reimburse the expenses incurred by our present and former directors and officers without requiring a preliminary determination of their ultimate entitlement to indemnification. As a result, we and our shareholders may have more limited rights to recover money damages from our directors and officers than might otherwise exist absent these provisions in our bylaws or that might exist with other companies, which could limit your recourse in the event of actions that are not in our best interests.
Risks Related to an Investment in our Common Stock
We have set the offering price in this Offering arbitrarily and it may not reflect the value of the common stock
There is no public market for our common stock. The offering price for the common stock in this Offering has been arbitrarily determined by the Company and does not necessarily bear any direct relationship to its assets, operations, book value or other established criteria of value.
If you purchase our common stock in this Offering, you will experience substantial and immediate dilution.
The offering price of $10.00 per share in this Offering is substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our outstanding common stock immediately following the completion of this Offering. If you purchase shares of common stock in this Offering, you will experience substantial and immediate dilution in our net tangible book value per share. That is because the price that you pay will be substantially greater than the net tangible book value per share of the common stock that you acquire. This dilution is due in large part to the fact that our earlier investor paid substantially less than the offering price in this Offering when it purchased its shares of our capital stock.
No public trading market for our shares currently exists, so it may be difficult for you to sell your shares and, if you are able to sell your shares, you may have to sell them at a substantial discount to the Offering price.
There is currently no public market for our shares and there may never be. We have no plans to list our shares of common stock on any exchange or quotation service. Any resale of our common stock must comply with applicable state and federal securities laws. If you are able to sell your shares, you may have to sell them at a discount to their Offering price. It is also likely that your shares will not be accepted as the primary collateral for a loan. You should purchase our shares only as a long-term investment because of the illiquid nature of the shares.
Our parent company will control the direction of our business and its ownership of our common stock will prevent you and other shareholders from influencing significant decisions.
Following the completion of this Offering, our parent company ReAlpha Tech Corp will own at least 84% of our common stock. For so long as our parent company continues to hold those shares, it will be able to significantly influence or effectively control the composition of our board of directors and the approval of actions requiring shareholder approval through its voting power. Accordingly, for such period of time, this holder will have significant influence with respect to our management, business plans and policies. In particular, for so long our parent company continues to hold its shares, it may be able to cause or prevent a change of control of our Company or a change in the composition of our board of directors, and could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of our Company. The concentration of ownership could deprive you of an opportunity to receive a premium for your shares of common stock as part of a sale of our Company and ultimately might affect the value of your common stock.
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There is no minimum amount required as a condition of our accepting subscriptions and using the funds raised in this Offering
Because this is a “best efforts” offering with no minimum, we will have access to any funds tendered. This means that any investment made could be the only investment in this Offering, leaving the company without adequate capital to pursue its business plan or even to cover the expenses of this Offering.
Our management has broad discretion as to the use of certain of the net proceeds from this Offering.
We intend to use the net proceeds from this Offering (if we sell all or a substantial number of the shares of common stock being offered) to invest in the acquisition, renovation, and managing of properties, as well as working capital and technology development. However, our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds allocated to working capital purposes. Accordingly, you will have to rely upon the judgment of our management with respect to the use of these proceeds. Our management may spend a portion or all of the net proceeds from this Offering in ways that holders of our common stock may not desire or that may not yield a significant return or any return at all. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could harm our business. Pending their use, we may also invest the net proceeds from this Offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value. Please see “Use of Proceeds” below for more information.
Our shareholders’ interest in us will be diluted if we issue additional shares, which could reduce the overall value of their investment.
Potential investors in this Offering will not have preemptive rights to any shares we issue in the future. We may only issue up to $75,000,000 in shares of Common Stock pursuant to this Offering in any 12-month period (although we may raise capital in other ways). After your purchase in this Offering, our Board of Directors may elect to (i) sell additional shares in this or future Offerings; (ii) issue equity interests in private offerings; or (iii) otherwise issue additional shares of our capital stock. To the extent we may issue additional equity interests after your purchase in this Offering, your percentage ownership interest in us would be diluted. In addition, depending upon the terms and pricing of any additional offerings, the use of the proceeds and the value of our real estate investments, you may also experience dilution in the value of your shares and in the earnings and dividends per share.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Our operating results are subject to general economic conditions and risks associated with the LLCs’ real estate assets.
Our operating results are subject to risks generally incident to the ownership and rental of residential real estate, many of which are beyond our control, including, without limitation:
● | changes in national, regional or local economic, demographic or real estate market conditions; | |
● | changes in job markets and employment levels on a national, regional and local basis; | |
● | declines in the value of residential real estate; | |
● | overall conditions in the housing market, including: | |
● | macroeconomic shifts in demand for rental homes; | |
● | inability to short-term rent homes to Guests on a timely basis, on attractive terms, or at all; | |
● | failure of Guests to pay rent when due or otherwise perform their short-term rental obligations; | |
● | unanticipated repairs, capital expenditures, weather events and possible damages from them, or other costs; | |
● | uninsured damages; | |
● | increases in property taxes, homeowners’ association (HOA) fees and insurance costs; | |
● | level of competition for suitable short-term rental homes; | |
● | terms and conditions of purchase contracts; | |
● | costs and time period required to convert acquisitions to short-term rental homes; | |
● | changes in interest rates and availability of financing that may render the acquisition of any homes difficult or unattractive; |
● | the illiquidity of real estate investments, generally; |
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● | the short-term nature of most or all Guest stays and the costs and potential delays in re-renting; | |
● | changes in laws, including those that increase operating expenses or limit our ability to increase short-term rental rates; | |
● | the impact of potential reforms relating to government-sponsored enterprises involved in the home finance and mortgage markets; | |
● | rules, regulations and/or policy initiatives by government and private actors, including HOAs, to discourage or deter the purchase of single-family properties by entities owned or controlled by institutional investors; | |
● | disputes and potential negative publicity in connection with Guest stays; | |
● | costs resulting from the clean-up of, and liability to third parties for damages resulting from, environmental problems, such as indoor mold; | |
● | casualty or condemnation losses; | |
● | the geographic mix of our properties | |
● | the cost, quality and condition of the properties we are able to acquire; and | |
● | our ability to provide adequate management, maintenance and insurance. |
Any one or more of these factors could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The inflation or deflation of commodity prices could affect our prices, demand for our products, our sales and our profit margins.
Prices of certain commodity products, including lumber and other raw materials, are historically volatile and are subject to fluctuations arising from changes in domestic and international supply and demand, labor costs, competition, market speculation, government regulations and periodic delays in delivery. Rapid and significant changes in commodity prices may affect the demand for our services, our sales and our profit margins.
Our investments are and will continue to be concentrated in our markets and in the single-family properties sector of the real estate industry, which exposes us to seasonal fluctuations in short-term rental demand and downturns in our markets or in the single-family properties sector.
Our investments in real estate assets are and will continue to be concentrated in our markets and in the single-family properties sector of the real estate industry. A downturn or slowdown in the short-term rental demand for single-family housing caused by adverse economic, regulatory or environmental conditions, or other events, in our markets may have a greater impact on the value of our properties or our operating results than if we had more fully diversified our investments. We believe that there are seasonal fluctuations in short-term rental demand. Such fluctuations may impact our operating results.
In addition to general, regional, national and international economic conditions, our operating performance will be impacted by the economic conditions in our markets. We base a substantial part of our business plan on our belief that property values and operating fundamentals for single-family properties in our markets will continue to increase. However, these markets have experienced substantial economic downturns in the past and could experience similar or worse economic downturns in the future. We can provide no assurance as to the extent property values and operating fundamentals in these markets will increase if at all. If economic downturn in these markets returns or if we fail to accurately predict the timing of the economic performance of these markets, the value of our properties could decline and our ability to execute our business plan may be adversely affected to a greater extent than if we owned a real estate portfolio that was more geographically diversified, which could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
We may not be able to effectively control the timing and costs relating to the renovation and maintenance of our properties, which may adversely affect our operating results and ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Nearly all of our properties require some level of renovation either immediately upon their acquisition or in the future. We may acquire properties that we plan to extensively renovate. We may also acquire properties that we expect to be in good condition only to discover unforeseen defects and problems that require extensive renovation and capital expenditures. In addition, from time to time, we may perform ongoing maintenance or make ongoing capital improvements and replacements and perform significant renovations and repairs that insurance may not cover. Because our portfolio may consist of geographically dispersed properties, our ability to adequately monitor or manage any such renovations or maintenance may be more limited or subject to greater inefficiencies than if our properties were more geographically concentrated.
Our properties may have infrastructure and appliances of varying ages and conditions. Consequently, we routinely retain independent contractors and trade professionals to perform physical repair work and are exposed to all of the risks inherent in property renovation and maintenance, including potential cost overruns, increases in labor and materials costs, delays by contractors in completing work, delays in the timing of receiving necessary work permits, and poor workmanship. If our assumptions regarding the costs or timing of renovation and maintenance across our properties prove to be materially inaccurate, our operating results and ability to make distributions to our shareholders may be adversely affected.
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We face significant competition in the short-term rental market for guests, which may limit our ability to short-term rent our single-family homes on favorable terms.
We believe that our competitors include:
● | Pacaso, Invitation Homes, real estate developers with short-term rentals, and mom-and-pop hosts; and |
● | Hotel chains, such as Marriott, Hilton, Accor, Wyndham, InterContinental, and Huazhu, as well as boutique hotel chains and independent hotels. |
We depend on short-term rental income from guests to cover our operating costs. As a result, our success depends in large part upon our ability to attract guests for our properties. We face competition for guests from other lessors of single-family properties, apartment buildings and condominium units. Competing properties may be newer, better located and more attractive to residents. Potential competitors may have lower rates of occupancy than we do or may have superior access to capital and other resources, which may result in competing owners more easily locating residents and leasing available housing at lower rental rates than we might offer at our homes. Many of these competitors may successfully attract residents with better incentives and amenities, which could adversely affect our ability to obtain quality residents and lease our single-family properties on favorable terms. This competition may affect our ability to attract and retain guests and may reduce the short-term rental rates we are able to charge.
In addition, we could also be adversely affected by high vacancy rates of short-term rentals in our markets, which could result in an excess supply of short-term rental homes and reduce occupancy and rental rates.
No assurance can be given that we will be able to attract guests. If we are unable to short-term rent our homes to suitable Guests, we would be adversely affected and the value of our common stock could decline.
We intend to continue to acquire properties from time to time consistent with our investment strategy even if the short-term rental and housing markets are not as favorable as they have been in the recent past, which could adversely impact anticipated yields.
We intend to continue to acquire properties from time to time consistent with our investment strategy, even if the rental and housing markets are not as favorable as they have been in the recent past. Future acquisitions of properties may be more costly than those we have acquired previously. The following factors, among others, may make acquisitions more expensive:
● | improvements in the overall economy and employment levels; |
● | greater availability of consumer credit; |
● | improvements in the pricing and terms of mortgages; |
● | the emergence of increased competition for single-family properties from private investors and entities with similar investment objectives to ours; and |
● | tax or other government incentives that encourage homeownership. |
We plan to continue acquiring properties as long as we believe such properties offer an attractive total return opportunity. Accordingly, future acquisitions may have lower yield characteristics than recent past and present opportunities and, if such future acquisitions are funded through equity issuances, the yield and distributable cash per share will be reduced, and the value of our common stock may decline.
Competition in identifying and acquiring our properties could adversely affect our ability to implement our business and growth strategies, which could materially and adversely affect us.
In acquiring our properties, we compete with a variety of institutional investors, including REITs, specialty finance companies, public and private funds, savings and loan associations, banks, mortgage bankers, insurance companies, institutional investors, investment banking firms, financial institutions, governmental bodies and other entities. We also compete with individual private home buyers and small-scale investors. Certain of our competitors may be larger in certain of our markets and may have greater financial or other resources than we do. Some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that may not be available to us. In addition, any potential competitor may have higher risk tolerances or different risk, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments. Competition may result in fewer investments, higher prices, a broadly dispersed portfolio of properties that does not lend itself to efficiencies of concentration, acceptance of greater risk, lower yields and a narrower spread of yields over our financing costs. In addition, competition for desirable investments could delay the investment of our capital, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows. As a result, there can be no assurance that we will be able to identify and finance investments that are consistent with our investment objectives or to achieve positive investment results, and our failure to accomplish any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on us and cause the value of our common stock to decline.
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Compliance with governmental laws, regulations and covenants that are applicable to our properties or that may be passed in the future, including permit, license and zoning requirements, may adversely affect our ability to make future acquisitions or renovations, result in significant costs or delays, and adversely affect our growth strategy.
Short-term rental homes are subject to various covenants and local laws and regulatory requirements, including permitting, licensing and zoning requirements. Local regulations, including municipal or local ordinances, restrictions and restrictive covenants imposed by community developers may restrict our use of our properties and may require us to obtain approval from local officials or community standards organizations at any time with respect to our properties, including prior to acquiring any of our properties or when undertaking renovations of any of our existing properties. Among other things, these restrictions may relate to fire and safety, seismic, asbestos-cleanup or hazardous material abatement requirements. Additionally, such local regulations may cause us to incur additional costs to renovate or maintain our properties in accordance with the particular rules and regulations. We cannot assure you that existing regulatory policies will not adversely affect us or the timing or cost of any future acquisitions or renovations, or that additional regulations will not be adopted that would increase such delays or result in additional costs. Our business and growth strategies may be materially and adversely affected by our ability to obtain permits, licenses and approvals. Our failure to obtain such permits, licenses and approvals could have a material adverse effect on us and cause the value of our common stock to decline.
We may become a target of legal demands, litigation (including class actions) and negative publicity by Guests, which could directly limit and constrain our operations and may result in significant litigation expenses and reputational harm.
While we intend to conduct our business lawfully and in compliance with applicable landlord-short-term renter and consumer laws, such organizations might work in conjunction with trial and pro bono lawyers in one or multiple states to attempt to bring claims against us on a class action basis for damages or injunctive relief and to seek to publicize our activities in a negative light. We cannot anticipate what form such legal actions might take, or what remedies they may seek.
Additionally, such organizations may lobby local county and municipal attorneys or state attorneys general to pursue enforcement or litigation against us, may lobby state and local legislatures to pass new laws and regulations to constrain or limit our business operations, adversely impact our business or may generate negative publicity for our business and harm our reputation. If they are successful in any such endeavors, they could directly limit and constrain our operations and may impose on us significant litigation expenses, including settlements to avoid continued litigation or judgments for damages or injunctions.
We may become a target of legal demands, litigation (including class actions), and negative publicity by tenant and consumer rights organizations, which could directly limit and constrain our operations and may result in significant litigation expenses and reputational harm.
Numerous tenant rights and consumer rights organizations exist throughout the country and operate in our markets, and we may attract attention from some of these organizations and become a target of legal demands, litigation, and negative publicity. Many such consumer organizations have become more active and better funded in connection with mortgage foreclosure-related issues; and with the increased market for homes arising from displaced homeownership, some of these organizations may shift their litigation, lobbying, fundraising, and grass roots organizing activities to focus on landlord-resident issues. While we intend to conduct our business lawfully and in compliance with applicable landlord-tenant and consumer laws, such organizations might work in conjunction with trial and pro bono lawyers in one or multiple states to attempt to bring claims against us on a class action basis for damages or injunctive relief and to seek to publicize our activities in a negative light. We cannot anticipate what form such legal actions might take or what remedies they may seek.
Additionally, such organizations may lobby local county and municipal attorneys or state attorneys general to pursue enforcement or litigation against us, may lobby state and local legislatures to pass new laws and regulations to constrain or limit our business operations, adversely impact our business, or may generate negative publicity for our business and harm our reputation. If they are successful in any such endeavors, they could directly limit and constrain our operations and may impose on us significant litigation expenses, including settlements to avoid continued litigation or judgments for damages or injunctions.
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Our business is subject to laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, consumer protection, and other matters. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation, and could result in claims, changes to our business practices, monetary penalties, or otherwise harm our business.
We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations that involve matters such as: privacy; data protection; personal information; rights of publicity; content; marketing; distribution; data security; data retention and deletion; electronic contracts and other communications; consumer protection; and online payment services. These laws and regulations are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. As a result, the application, interpretation, and enforcement of these laws and regulations are often uncertain and may be interpreted and applied inconsistently. Additionally, as we depend on third parties for key services, we rely on such third-party service providers’ compliance with laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, consumer protection, and other matters relating to our customers.
There are a number of legislative proposals at both the federal and state level, as well as other jurisdictions that could impose new obligations in areas affecting our business. We are subject to numerous, complex, and frequently changing laws, regulations, and contractual obligations designed to protect personal information. Various federal and state privacy and data security laws and regulatory standards create data privacy rights for users, including more ability to control how their data is shared with third parties. These laws and regulations, as well as any associated inquiries or investigations or any other government actions, may be costly to comply with, result in negative publicity, require significant management time and attention, and subject us to remedies that may harm our business, including fines or demands or orders that we modify or cease existing business practices.
We may not successfully detect and prevent fraud, misconduct, incompetence or theft by our third-party service providers. In addition, any removal or termination of third-party service providers would require us to seek new vendors or providers, which would create delays and adversely affect our operations. Poor performance by such third-party service providers will reflect poorly on us and could significantly damage our reputation among Guests. In the event of fraud or misconduct by a third party, we could also be exposed to material liability and be held responsible for damages, fines or penalties and our reputation may suffer.
We may from time to time in the future acquire some of our homes through the auction process, which could subject us to significant risks that could adversely affect us.
We may from time to time in the future acquire some of our homes through the auction process, including auctions of homes that have been foreclosed upon by third party lenders. Such auctions may occur simultaneously in a number of markets, including monthly auctions on the same day of the month in certain markets. As a result, we may only be able to visually inspect properties from the street and will purchase these homes without a contingency period and in “as is” condition with the risk that unknown defects in the property may exist. Upon acquiring a new home, we may have to evict residents who are in unlawful possession before we can secure possession and control of the home. The holdover occupants may be the former owners or residents of a property, or they may be squatters or others who are illegally in possession. Securing control and possession from these occupants can be both costly and time-consuming or generate negative publicity for our business and harm our reputation.
Title defects could lead to material losses on our investments in our properties.
Our title to a property may be challenged for a variety of reasons, and in such instances title insurance may not prove adequate. We may from time to time in the future, acquire a number of our properties on an “as is” basis, at auctions or otherwise. When acquiring properties on an “as is” basis, title commitments are often not available prior to purchase and title reports or title information may not reflect all senior liens, which may increase the possibility of acquiring houses outside predetermined acquisition and price parameters, purchasing residences with title defects and deed restrictions, HOA restrictions on short-term renting, or purchasing the wrong residence without the benefit of title insurance prior to closing. This could lead to a material if not complete loss on our investment in such properties.
For properties we acquire at auction, we similarly do not obtain title insurance prior to purchase, and we are not able to perform the type of title review that is customary in acquisitions of real property. As a result, our knowledge of potential title issues will be limited, and no title insurance protection will be in place. This lack of title knowledge and insurance protection may result in third parties having claims against our title to such properties that may materially and adversely affect the values of the properties or call into question the validity of our title to such properties. Without title insurance, we are fully exposed to, and would have to defend ourselves against, such claims. Further, if any such claims are superior to our title to the property we acquired, we risk loss of the property purchased.
Increased scrutiny of title matters could lead to legal challenges with respect to the validity of the sale. In the absence of title insurance, the sale may be rescinded and we may be unable to recover our purchase price, resulting in a complete loss. Title insurance obtained subsequent to purchase offers little protection against discoverable defects because they are typically excluded from such policies. In addition, any title insurance on a property, even if acquired, may not cover all defects or the significant legal costs associated with obtaining clear title.
Any of these risks could adversely affect our operating results, cash flows, and ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
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We are subject to certain risks associated with bulk portfolio acquisitions and dispositions.
We may acquire and dispose of properties we acquire or sell in bulk from or to other owners of single-family homes, banks and loan servicers. When we purchase properties in this manner, we may not have the opportunity to conduct interior inspections or conduct more than cursory exterior inspections on a portion of the properties. Such inspection processes may fail to reveal major defects associated with such properties, which may cause the amount of time and cost required to renovate and/or maintain such properties to substantially exceed our estimates. Moreover, to the extent the management and short-term renting of such properties has not been consistent with our property management and leasing standards, we may be subject to a variety of risks, including risks relating to the condition of the properties, the credit quality and employment stability of the residents and compliance with applicable laws, among others. In addition, financial and other information provided to us regarding such portfolios during our due diligence may be inaccurate and we may not discover such inaccuracies until it is too late to seek remedies against such sellers. To the extent we pursue such remedies, we may not be able to successfully prevail against the seller in an action seeking damages for such inaccuracies. If we conclude that certain individual properties purchased in bulk portfolio sales do not fit our target investment criteria, we may decide to sell, rather than renovate and rent, such properties, which could take an extended period of time and may not result in a sale at an attractive price.
Contingent or unknown liabilities could adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows and operating results.
Assets and entities that we have acquired or may acquire in the future may be subject to unknown or contingent liabilities for which we may have limited or no recourse against the sellers. Unknown or contingent liabilities might include liabilities for or with respect to liens attached to properties, unpaid real estate tax, utilities, or HOA charges for which a subsequent owner remains liable, clean-up or remediation of environmental conditions or code violations, claims of customers, vendors, or other persons dealing with the acquired entities, and tax liabilities. Purchases of single-family properties acquired at auction, in short sales, from lenders, or in portfolio purchases typically involve few or no representations or warranties with respect to the properties and may allow us limited or no recourse against the sellers. Such properties also often have unpaid tax, utility, and HOA liabilities for which we may be obligated but fail to anticipate. As a result, the total amount of costs and expenses that we may incur with respect to liabilities associated with acquired properties and entities may exceed our expectations, which may adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Additionally, such properties may be subject to covenants, conditions, or restrictions that restrict the use or ownership of such properties, including prohibitions on short-term renting. We may not discover such restrictions during the acquisition process and such restrictions may adversely affect our ability to operate such properties as we intend.
Environmentally hazardous conditions may adversely affect us.
Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be liable for the cost of removing or remediating hazardous or toxic substances on such property. Such laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. Even if more than one person may have been responsible for the contamination, each person covered by applicable environmental laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs incurred. In addition, third parties may sue the owner or operator of a site for damages based on personal injury, natural resources or property damage or other costs, including investigation and clean-up costs, resulting from the environmental contamination. The presence of hazardous or toxic substances on one of our properties, or the failure to properly remediate a contaminated property, could give rise to a lien in favor of the government for costs it may incur to address the contamination or otherwise adversely affect our ability to sell or short-term rent the property or borrow using the property as collateral. Environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated. A property owner who violates environmental laws may be subject to sanctions which may be enforced by governmental agencies or, in certain circumstances, private parties. In connection with the acquisition and ownership of our properties, we may be exposed to such costs. The cost of defending against environmental claims, of compliance with environmental regulatory requirements or of remediating any contaminated property could materially and adversely affect us.
Compliance with new or more stringent environmental laws or regulations or stricter interpretation of existing laws may require material expenditures by us. We may be subject to environmental laws or regulations relating to our properties, such as those concerning lead-based paint, mold, asbestos, proximity to power lines or other issues. We cannot assure you that future laws, ordinances or regulations will not impose any material environmental liability or that the current environmental condition of our properties will not be affected by the activities of residents, existing conditions of the land, operations in the vicinity of the properties or the activities of unrelated third parties. In addition, we may be required to comply with various local, state and federal fire, health, life-safety and similar regulations. Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could result in fines and/or damages, suspension of personnel, civil liability or other sanctions.
If we fail to attract guests, or if we fail to provide high-quality stays and experiences, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be materially adversely affected.
Our business depends on our ability to maintain our properties and engage in practices that encourage guests to book those properties, including increasing the number of nights that are available to book, providing timely responses to inquiries from guests, offering a variety of desirable and differentiated listings at competitive prices that meet the expectations of guests, and offering hospitality, services, and experiences that satisfy guests and which prospective guests view as valuable. If we do not establish or maintain a sufficient number of listings and availability for listings, or if the number of nights booked declines for a particular period, or the prices we are able to charge declines, our revenue would decline and our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be materially adversely affected.
Additional reasons for our financial performance may be affected by economic, social, and political factors; perceptions of trust and safety in our properties; negative experiences with guests, including guests who damage our property, throw unauthorized parties, or engage in violent and unlawful acts; and our decision to remove guests for not adhering to our guest standards or other factors we deem detrimental to our community. Our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected if our guests are unable to return to normal travel in the near to immediate term.
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If we fail to retain guests or add new guests, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be materially adversely affected.
Our success depends significantly on existing Guests continuing to book and attracting new guests to book our properties. Our ability to attract and retain Guests could be materially adversely affected by a number of factors discussed elsewhere in these “Risk Factors,” including:
● | events beyond our control, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, other pandemics and health concerns, increased or continuing restrictions on travel, immigration, trade disputes, economic downturns, and the impact of climate change on travel, including fires, floods, severe weather and other natural disasters, and the impact of climate change on seasonal destinations; |
● | failing to meet Guests’ expectations, including increased expectations for cleanliness in light of the COVID-19 pandemic; |
● | increased competition and use of our competitors’ properties; |
● | failing to provide differentiated, high-quality, and an adequate supply of stays or experiences at competitive prices; |
● | Guests not receiving timely and adequate support from us; |
● | our failure to provide new or enhanced offerings, tiers, or features that guests value; |
● | declines or inefficiencies in our marketing efforts; |
● | negative associations with, or reduced awareness of, our brand; |
● | negative perceptions of the trust and safety in our properties; and |
● | macroeconomic and other conditions outside of our control affecting travel and hospitality industries generally. |
In addition, if our listings and other content provided are not displayed effectively to Guests, we are not effective in engaging guests across our various offerings, we fail to provide an experience in a manner that meets rapidly changing demand, or Guests have unsatisfactory search, booking, or payment experiences, we could fail to convert first-time guests and fail to engage with existing guests, which would materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Properties could be difficult to short-term rent, which could adversely affect our revenues.
The properties we acquire are vacant at the time of closing and we may not be successful in attracting guests to short-term rent the individual properties that we acquire as quickly as we had expected or at all. Rental revenues may be affected by declines in market rental rates more quickly than if our leases were for longer terms. Even if we are able to find guests as quickly as we had expected, we may incur vacancies and may not be able to re-short-term rent those properties without longer-than-assumed delays, which may result in increased renovation and maintenance costs. In addition, the value of a vacant property could be substantially impaired. Vacant homes may also be at risk for fraudulent activity which could impact our ability to lease a home. As a result, if vacancies continue for a longer period of time than we expect or indefinitely, we may suffer reduced revenues, which may have a material adverse effect on us.
Declining real estate valuations and impairment charges could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
We may review the value of our properties to determine whether their value, based on market factors, projected income and generally accepted accounting principles, has permanently decreased such that it is necessary or appropriate to take an impairment loss in the relevant accounting period. Such a loss would cause an immediate reduction of net income in the applicable accounting period and would be reflected in a decrease in our balance sheet assets. The reduction of net income from impairment losses could lead to a reduction in our dividends, both in the relevant accounting period and in future periods. Even if we do not determine that it is necessary or appropriate to record an impairment loss, a reduction in the intrinsic value of a property would become manifest over time through reduced income from the property and would therefore affect our earnings and financial condition.
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We are highly dependent on information systems and systems failures could significantly disrupt our business, which may, in turn, negatively affect us and the value of our common stock.
Our operations are dependent upon our internal operating systems, and property management platforms, as well as external short-term rental platforms like Airbnb, which include certain automated processes that require access to telecommunications or the internet, each of which is subject to system security risks. Certain critical components are dependent upon third party service providers and a significant portion of our business operations are conducted over the internet. As a result, we could be severely impacted by a catastrophic occurrence, such as a natural disaster or a terrorist attack, or a circumstance that disrupted access to telecommunications, the internet or operations at our third-party service providers, including viruses or experienced computer programmers that could penetrate network security defenses and cause system failures and disruptions of operations. Even though we believe we utilize appropriate duplication and back-up procedures, a significant outage in telecommunications, the internet or at our third-party service providers could negatively impact our operations.
Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information systems and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.
Information security risks have generally increased in recent years due to the rise in new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of perpetrators of cyberattacks. In the ordinary course of our business, we acquire and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary business information and personally identifiable information of our prospective and current residents, employees and third-party service providers. The secure processing and maintenance of such information is critical to our operations and business strategy. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored therein could be accessed, publicly disclosed, misused, lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, regulatory penalties, disruption to our operations and the services we provide to customers or damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations, reputation and competitive position.
We rely upon Amazon Web Services to operate certain aspects of our service and any disruption of or interference with our use of the Amazon Web Services operation would impact our operations and our business would be adversely impacted.
Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) provides a distributed computing infrastructure platform for business operations, or what is commonly referred to as a “cloud” computing service. Our software and computer systems have been designed to utilize data processing, storage capabilities and other services provided by AWS. Currently, we run the vast majority of our computing on AWS. Given this, along with the fact that we cannot easily switch our AWS operations to another cloud provider, any disruption of or interference with our use of AWS would impact our operations and our business would be adversely impacted.
We may be involved in a variety of litigation.
We may be involved in a range of legal actions in the ordinary course of business. These actions may include, among others, challenges to title and ownership rights, disputes arising over potential violations of HOA rules and regulations, issues with local housing officials arising from the condition or maintenance of the property, outside vendor disputes and trademark infringement and other intellectual property claims. These actions can be time-consuming and expensive, and may adversely affect our reputation. Although we are not involved in any legal or regulatory proceedings that we expect would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition and such proceedings may arise in the future.
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We may suffer losses that are not covered by insurance.
We attempt to ensure that our properties are adequately insured to cover casualty losses. However, there are certain losses, including losses from floods, fires, earthquakes, wind, pollution, acts of war, acts of terrorism or riots, for which we may self-insure or which may not always or generally be insured against because it may not be deemed economically feasible or prudent to do so. Changes in the cost or availability of insurance could expose us to uninsured casualty losses. In particular, a number of our properties may be located in areas that are known to be subject to increased earthquake activity, fires, or wind and/or flood risk. While we may have policies for earthquakes and hurricane and/or flood risk, our properties may nonetheless incur a casualty loss that is not fully covered by insurance. In such an event, the value of the affected properties would be reduced by the amount of any such uninsured loss, and we could experience a significant loss of capital invested and potential revenues in such properties and could potentially remain obligated under any recourse debt associated with such properties. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors might also keep us from using insurance proceeds to replace or renovate a particular property after it has been damaged or destroyed. Under those circumstances, the insurance proceeds we receive might be inadequate to restore our economic position on the damaged or destroyed property. Any such losses could adversely affect us and cause the value of our common stock to decline. In addition, we may have no source of funding to repair or reconstruct the damaged home, and we cannot assure that any such sources of funding will be available to us for such purposes in the future.
We are subject to risks from natural disasters such as earthquakes and severe weather.
Natural disasters and severe weather such as earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes or floods may result in significant damage to our properties. The extent of our casualty losses and loss in operating income in connection with such events is a function of the severity of the event and the total amount of exposure in the affected area. When we have geographic concentration of exposures, a single catastrophe (such as an earthquake, especially in California) or destructive weather event (such as a hurricane) affecting a region may have a significant negative effect on our financial condition and results of operations. As a result, our operating and financial results may vary significantly from one period to the next. Our financial results may be adversely affected by our exposure to losses arising from natural disasters or severe weather.
Climate change may adversely affect our business.
To the extent that significant changes in the climate occur in areas where our properties are located, we may experience extreme weather and/or changes in precipitation and temperature, all of which may result in physical damage to, or a decrease in demand for, properties located in these areas or affected by these conditions. Should the impact of climate change be material in nature, including significant property damage to or destruction of our properties, or occur for lengthy periods of time, our financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected. In addition, changes in federal, state, and local legislation and regulation based on concerns about climate change could result in increased capital expenditures on our existing properties (for example, to improve their energy efficiency and/or resistance to inclement weather) without a corresponding increase in revenue, resulting in adverse impacts to our results of operations.
Eminent domain could lead to material losses on our investments in our properties.
Governmental authorities may exercise eminent domain to acquire the land on which our properties are built in order to build roads and other infrastructure. Any such exercise of eminent domain would allow us to recover only the fair value of the affected properties. In addition, “fair value” could be substantially less than the real market value of the property for a number of years, and we could effectively have no profit potential from properties acquired by the government through eminent domain.
We may have difficulty selling our real estate investments and our ability to distribute all or a portion of the net proceeds from any such sale to our shareholders may be limited.
Real estate investments are relatively illiquid and, as a result, we may have a limited ability to sell our properties. When we sell any of our properties, we may recognize a loss on such sale. We may elect not to distribute any proceeds from the sale of properties to our shareholders. Instead, we may use such proceeds for other purposes, including:
● | purchasing additional properties; |
● | repaying debt or buying back shares; |
● | creating working capital reserves; or |
● | making repairs, maintenance or other capital improvements or expenditures to our remaining properties. |
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Laws, regulations, and rules that affect the short-term rental may limit our ability to offer short-term rentals and could expose us to significant penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Hotels and groups affiliated with hotels, neighborhoods, and communities have engaged and will likely continue to engage in various lobbying and political efforts for stricter regulations governing short-term rentals with both local and national jurisdictions. These groups and others cite concerns around affordable housing and over-tourism in major cities, and some state and local governments have implemented or considered implementing rules, ordinances, or regulations governing the short-term rental of properties and/or home sharing. Such regulations include ordinances that restrict or ban short-term rentals, set annual caps on the number of days we can rent our homes for short-term rental, require us to register with the municipality or city, or require us to obtain permission before offering short-term rentals. In addition, some jurisdictions regard short-term rental as “hotel use” and claim that such use constitutes a conversion of a residential property to a commercial property requiring a permitting process. Macroeconomic pressures and public policy concerns could continue to lead to new laws and regulations, or interpretations of existing laws and regulations, which limit the ability of hosts to share their spaces. If laws, regulations, rules, or agreements significantly restrict or discourage short-term rentals in certain jurisdictions, it would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Guest, or third-party actions that are criminal, violent, inappropriate, or dangerous, or fraudulent activity, may undermine the safety or the perception of safety of our properties and our ability to attract and retain Guests and materially adversely affect our reputation, business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We have no control over or ability to predict the actions of our guests and other third parties, such as neighbors or invitees, either during the guest’s stay, experience, or otherwise, and therefore, we cannot guarantee the safety of our guests, and third parties. The actions of guests and other third parties can result in fatalities, injuries, other bodily harm, fraud, invasion of privacy, property damage, discrimination, brand and reputational damage, which could create potential legal or other substantial liabilities for us. ReAlpha does not verify the identity of our guests nor do we verify or screen third parties who may be present during a reservation. We rely on the booking sites’ ability to validate the guests’ information. The verification processes used by the booking sites are beneficial but not exhaustive and have limitations due to a variety of factors, including laws and regulations that prohibit or limit their ability to conduct effective background checks in some jurisdictions, the unavailability of information, and the inability of their systems to detect all suspicious activity. There can be no assurances that these measures will significantly reduce criminal or fraudulent activity.
If guests, or third parties engage in criminal activity, misconduct, fraudulent, negligent, or inappropriate conduct or use our properties as a conduit for criminal activity, consumers may not consider our listings safe, and we may receive negative media coverage, or be subject to involvement in a government investigation concerning such activity, which could adversely impact our brand and reputation – thereby impacting our operating results.
The methods used by perpetrators of fraud and other misconduct are complex and constantly evolving, and our trust and security measures may currently or in the future be insufficient to detect and help prevent all fraudulent activity and other misconduct.
In addition, certain regions where we are planning to operate have higher rates of violent crime or more relaxed safety standards, which can lead to more safety and security incidents, and may adversely impact the bookings of our properties in those regions and elsewhere.
If criminal, inappropriate, fraudulent, or other negative incidents occur due to the conduct of Guests or third parties, our ability to attract and retain Guests would be harmed, and our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be materially adversely affected – thereby impacting other Guests. Such incidents may in the future prompt stricter home short-term rental regulations or regulatory inquiries into our policies and business practices.
Measures that we are planning to take to ensure the trust and safety of our properties may cause us to incur significant expenditures and may not be successful.
We are planning to take measures to ensure the trust and safety of our properties, to combat fraudulent activities and other misconduct and improve trust, such as using SMART locks, noise monitoring systems, and potentially use identity scanners at each property. These measures are long-term investments in our business to promote the trust and safety of our properties; however, some of these measures increase friction by increasing the number of steps required to be able to rent one of our properties, which could reduce Guest activity, and could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The timing and implementation of these measures will vary across geographies. There can be no assurances that our plans to invest in the trust and safety of our properties will be successful, significantly reduce criminal or fraudulent activity on or off our properties, or be sufficient to protect our reputation in the event of such activity.
In the future, we may have operations in countries known to experience high levels of corruption and any violation of anti-corruption laws could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and other laws in the United States and elsewhere that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials, political parties, state-owned or controlled enterprises, and/or private entities and individuals for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We may have operations in, and that otherwise deal with countries known to experience corruption. Our activities in these countries create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of our employees, contractors, agents, or users that could be in violation of various laws, including the FCPA and anti-bribery laws in these countries. Failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations may result in extensive internal or external investigations as well as significant financial penalties and reputational harm, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
We intend to utilize a significant amount of indebtedness in the operation of our business.
We intend to use a significant amount of debt for the acquisition of our portfolio companies and for other purposes. Our leverage could have important consequences to us. For example, it could: (1) result in the acceleration of a significant amount of debt for non-compliance with the terms of such debt or, if such debt contains cross default or cross-acceleration provisions, other debt; (2) result in the loss of assets, including individual properties or portfolios, due to foreclosure or sale on unfavorable terms, which could create taxable income without accompanying cash proceeds; (3) materially impair our ability to borrow unused amounts under existing financing arrangements or to obtain additional financing or refinancing on favorable terms or at all; (4) require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow to paying principal and interest on our indebtedness, reducing the cash flow available to fund our business, to pay dividends, or to use for other purposes; (5) increase our vulnerability to an economic downturn; (6) limit our ability to withstand competitive pressures; or (7) reduce our flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions.
If any of the foregoing occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected, and the trading price of our common stock could decline significantly.
Our cash flows and operating results could be adversely affected by required payments of debt or related interest and other risks of our debt financing.
We are generally subject to risks associated with debt financing. These risks include: (1) our cash flow may not be sufficient to satisfy required payments of principal and interest; (2) we may not be able to refinance existing indebtedness or the terms of the refinancing may be less favorable to us than the terms of existing debt; (3) required debt payments are not reduced if the economic performance of any property declines; (4) debt service obligations could reduce funds available for distribution to our shareholders and funds available for capital investment; (5) any default on our indebtedness could result in acceleration of those obligations and possible loss of property to foreclosure; and (6) the risk that necessary capital expenditures cannot be financed on favorable terms. If a property is pledged to secure payment of indebtedness and we cannot make the applicable debt payments, we may have to surrender the property to the lender with a consequent loss of any prospective income and equity value from such property. Any of these risks could place strains on our cash flows, reduce our ability to grow and adversely affect our results of operations.
We may be unable to obtain financing through the debt and equity markets, which would have a material adverse effect on our growth strategy and our financial condition and results of operations.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to access the capital and credit markets to obtain additional debt or equity financing or that we will be able to obtain financing on terms favorable to us. Our inability to obtain financing could have negative effects on our business. Among other things, we could have great difficulty acquiring, re-developing or maintaining our properties, which would materially and adversely affect our business strategy and portfolio, and may result in our: (1) liquidity being adversely affected; (2) inability to repay or refinance our indebtedness on or before its maturity; (3) making higher interest and principal payments or selling some of our assets on terms unfavorable to us to service our indebtedness; or (4) issuing additional capital stock, which could further dilute the ownership of our existing shareholders.
Secured indebtedness exposes us to the possibility of foreclosure on our ownership interests in our short-term rental homes.
Incurring mortgage and other secured indebtedness increases our risk of loss of our ownership interests in our rental homes because defaults thereunder, and the inability to refinance such indebtedness, may result in foreclosure action initiated by lenders. For tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our short-term rental homes would be treated as a sale of the home for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the indebtedness secured by such rental home. If the outstanding balance of the indebtedness secured by such short-term rental home exceeds our tax basis in the short-term rental home, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure without receiving any cash proceeds.
Covenants in our debt agreements may restrict our operating activities and adversely affect our financial condition.
Our future debt agreements may contain, the credit facility that our Company expects to enter into concurrently with or prior to the completion of this Offering will contain and future debt agreements may contain, financial and/or operating covenants, including, among other things, certain coverage ratios, as well as limitations on the ability to incur secured and unsecured debt. These covenants may limit our operational flexibility and acquisition and disposition activities. Moreover, if any of the covenants in these debt agreements are breached and not cured within the applicable cure period, we could be required to repay the debt immediately, even in the absence of a payment default. As a result, a default under applicable debt covenants could have an adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
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Risks Related to Compliance and Regulation
As a non-listed company conducting an exempt offering pursuant to Regulation A, we are not subject to a number of corporate governance requirements, including the requirements for a board of directors or independent board committees.
As a non-listed company conducting an exempt offering pursuant to Regulation A, we are not subject to a number of corporate governance requirements that an issuer conducting a registered public offering or listing on a national stock exchange would be. Accordingly, are we are not required to have (i) a board of directors of which a majority consists of “independent” directors under the listing standards of a national stock exchange, (ii) an audit committee composed entirely of independent directors and a written audit committee charter meeting a national stock exchange’s requirements, (iii) a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors and a written nominating/corporate governance committee charter meeting a national stock exchange’s requirements, (iv) a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors and a written compensation committee charter meeting the requirements of a national stock exchange, and (v) independent audits of our internal controls. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of a national stock exchange.
Because of the exemptions from various reporting requirements provided to us under Regulation A and because we are only permitted to raise up to $75,000,000 in any 12-month period under Regulation A (although we may raise capital in other ways), we may be less attractive to investors and it may be difficult for us to raise additional capital as and when we need it. Investors may be unable to compare our business with other companies in our industry if they believe that our financial accounting is not as transparent as other companies in our industry. If we are unable to raise additional capital as and when we need it, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
We may intend to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under part F/S of Regulation A.
We may intend to elect to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under part F/S of Regulation A, that allows us to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.
Relaxed Ongoing Reporting Requirements
Under Regulation A, we expect, as a Tier-2 issuer, we would be required to publicly report on an ongoing basis according to requirements that are more relaxed than those for reporting companies that qualify as “emerging growth companies” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act.”) The differences include, but are not limited to, being required to file only annual and semiannual reports, rather than annual and quarterly reports. Annual reports are due within 120 calendar days after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year, and semiannual reports are due within 90 calendar days after the end of the first six months of the issuer’s fiscal year.
If we become a public reporting company in the future, we will be required to publicly report on an ongoing basis as an “emerging growth company” (as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, which we refer to as the JOBS Act) under the reporting rules set forth under the Exchange Act. As long as we remain an “emerging growth company,” we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other Exchange Act reporting companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” including but not limited to:
● | not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; |
● | taking advantage of extensions of time to comply with certain new or revised financial accounting standards; |
● | being permitted to comply with reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements; and |
● | being exempt from the requirement to hold a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. |
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If we become a public reporting company in the future, we expect to take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would remain an “emerging growth company” for up to five years, although if the market value of our Common Stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of June 30 or before that time, we would cease to be an “emerging growth company” as of the following December 31.
In either case, we will be subject to ongoing public reporting requirements that are less rigorous than Exchange Act rules for companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” and our shareholders could receive less information than they might expect to receive from more mature public companies.
There may be deficiencies with our internal controls that require improvements, and if we are unable to adequately evaluate internal controls, we may be subject to sanctions.
As a Tier 2 issuer, we will not need to provide a report on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, and we will be exempt from the auditor attestation requirements concerning any such report so long as we are a Tier 2 issuer.
Laws intended to prohibit money laundering may require our Company to disclose investor information to regulatory authorities.
The Uniting and Strengthening America By Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 requires that financial institutions establish and maintain compliance programs to guard against money laundering activities, and requires the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury (“Treasury”) to prescribe regulations in connection with anti-money laundering policies of financial institutions. The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”), an agency of the Treasury, has announced that it is likely that such regulations would subject certain pooled investment vehicles to enact anti-money laundering policies. It is possible that there could be promulgated legislation or regulations that would require our Company or its service providers to share information with governmental authorities with respect to prospective investors in connection with the establishment of anti-money laundering procedures. Such legislation and/or regulations could require us to implement additional restrictions on the transfer of shares of our common stock to comply with such legislation and/or regulations. We reserve the right to request such information as is necessary to verify the identity of prospective shareholders and the source of the payment of subscription monies, or as is necessary to comply with any customer identification programs required by FinCEN and/or the SEC. In the event of delay or failure by a prospective shareholder to produce any information required for verification purposes, an application for, or transfer of, shares of our common stock may be refused.
Our focus on the long-term best interests of our Company and our consideration of all of our stakeholders, including our shareholders, guests, members, employees, the communities in which we operate, and other stakeholders that we may identify from time to time, may conflict with short- or medium-term financial interests and business performance, which may negatively impact the value of our common stock.
We believe that focusing on the long-term best interests of our Company and our consideration of all of our stakeholders, including our shareholders, Guests, members, employees, the communities in which we operate, and other stakeholders we may identify from time to time, is essential to the long-term success of our Company and to long-term shareholder value. Therefore, we may make decisions that we believe are in the long-term best interests of our Company and our shareholders, even if such decisions may negatively impact the short- or medium-term performance of our business, results of operations, and financial condition or the short- or medium-term performance of our common stock. Our commitment to pursuing long-term value for the company and its shareholders, potentially at the expense of short- or medium-term performance, may materially adversely affect the value of our common stock, including by making owning our common stock less appealing to investors who are focused on returns over a shorter time horizon. Our decisions and actions in pursuit of long-term success and long-term shareholder value, which may include changes to our platform and to properties to enhance the experience of our Guests, and the communities in which we operate, including by improving the trust and safety of our business, changes in the manner in which we deliver community support, investing in our relationships with our Guests, and employees, investing in and introducing new products and services, or changes in our approach to working with local or national jurisdictions on laws and regulations governing our business, may not result in the long-term benefits that we expect, in which case our business, results of operations, and financial condition, as well as the trading price of our common stock, could be materially adversely affected.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events and are not statements of historical fact. Some of the statements in the sections of this Offering Circular captioned “Offering Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and “Business” and elsewhere in this Offering Circular contain forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future events, including, among other things, discussion and analysis of our future financial condition, results of operations and funds from operations, our strategic plans and objectives, cost management, occupancy and leasing rates and trends, liquidity and ability to refinance our indebtedness as it matures, anticipated capital expenditures (and access to capital) required to complete projects, amounts of anticipated cash distributions to our shareholders in the future and other matters. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “anticipates,” “predicts,” “projects,” “potential,” “continue,” “ongoing,” and the correlative negatives and other variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements do not guarantee of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. Furthermore, these statements are difficult to predict and/or could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecast in the forward-looking statements.
These statements involve risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this Offering Circular, we caution you that these statements are based on a combination of facts and factors currently known by us and our projections of the future, about which we cannot be certain. Forward-looking statements in this Offering Circular include, but are not limited to, statements about:
● | Risks and uncertainties related to the Company and our business model; |
● | Risks and uncertainties related to the national and local economies and the real estate industry in general and in our specific markets; |
● | Volatility in the capital markets; |
● | Rising interest and insurance rates; |
● | Availability and terms of capital and financing, both to fund our operations and to refinance our indebtedness as it matures; |
● | Legislative or regulatory changes, including changes to laws governing short-term rental businesses; |
● | Our dependence upon our business partners and their key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed; |
● | Our business partners’ ability to identify, hire and retain highly qualified executives in the future; |
● | Availability of appropriate property acquisition targets; |
● | Failure to integrate any acquisitions successfully; |
● | The financial condition and liquidity of, or disputes with, any business partners; |
● | Impact of ad valorem, property and income taxes; |
● | Repair or renovation delays, increasing costs or exceeding completion time estimates; |
● | Changes in our credit ratings; |
● | Potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental liabilities; |
● | Potential need to fund improvements or other capital expenditures out of operating cash flow; |
● | Our failure to obtain necessary outside financing; |
● | Decreased occupancy rates in our short-term rentals; |
● | Exposure to liability relating to environmental and health and safety matters; |
● | Changes in real estate and zoning laws and increases in real property tax rates; |
● | Failure of acquisitions to yield anticipated results; |
● | Risks associated with breaches of our data security; |
● | Our ability to retain our executive officers and other key personnel of our advisors and their affiliates; |
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● | The ability of our managers and their affiliates to source and service our real estate assets, and the quality and performance of these assets; |
● | Our ability to retain and hire competent employees and appropriately staff our operations; |
● | Our compliance with applicable local, state and federal laws, including the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), the Investment Company Act and other laws; and |
● | Changes to generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. |
This list of risks and uncertainties, however, is only a summary of some of the most important factors and is not intended to be exhaustive. You should carefully review the “Risk Factors” section of this Offering Circular above. New factors may also emerge from time to time that could materially and adversely affect us.
Dilution (also known as stock or equity dilution) occurs when a company issues new stock, which results in a decrease of an existing stockholder’s ownership percentage of that company. Stock dilution can also occur when holders of stock options, such as company employees, or holders of other optionable securities exercise their options. When the number of shares outstanding increases, each existing stockholder owns a smaller, or diluted, percentage of the company. Share dilution may happen anytime a company needs additional capital and issues equity securities to obtain such additional capital. Future sales of substantial amounts of our Common Stock in the public market could adversely affect the Shares’ then-prevailing market prices (if any), as well as our ability to raise equity capital in the future.
Dilution can also occur when a company issues equity as a result of an arbitrary determination of the Offering price of the shares being offered. In the case of this Offering, because there is no established public market for the Shares, the Offering Price and other terms and conditions relating to the shares have been determined by the Company arbitrarily and do not bear any necessary relationship to assets, earnings, book value or any other objective criteria of value. In addition, no investment banker, appraiser or other independent third party has been consulted concerning the Offering Price or its fairness to investors.
From time to time after the termination of this Offering, we may issue additional Shares to raise additional capital for the Company. Any such issuances may result in dilution of then existing stockholders, including investors in this Offering. If in the future the number of Shares outstanding increases, each existing stockholder will own a smaller, or diluted, percentage of the Company, which, depending on the amount of capital raised by the issuance of the additional Shares, could render the Shares then held by stockholders less valuable than before the new issuance. Dilution may also reduce the value of existing Shares by reducing the Common Stock’s earnings per Share. There is no guarantee that dilution of Common Stock will not occur in the future.
This Offering Circular is part of an Offering Statement that we filed with the SEC, using a continuous offering process. Periodically, as we have material developments, we will provide an Offering Circular supplement that may add, update or change information contained in this Offering Circular. Any statement that we make in this Offering Circular will be modified or superseded by any inconsistent statement made by us in a subsequent Offering Circular supplement. The Offering Statement we filed with the SEC includes exhibits that provide more detailed descriptions of the matters discussed in this Offering Circular. You should read this Offering Circular and the related exhibits filed with the SEC and any Offering Circular supplement, together with additional information contained in our annual reports, semi-annual reports and other reports and information statements that we will file periodically with the SEC. See the section entitled “WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION” below for more details.
We are offering up to a maximum of 7,500,000 shares of our common stock. The Offering is made through Dalmore Group, LLC (“Dalmore”), Member FINRA/SIPC, who will act as the broker/dealer of record. There is no minimum amount of shares required to be sold in this Offering.
Dalmore Group, LLC is a securities broker-dealer registered with the SEC and a member firm of FINRA. Its principal business address is 1177 Avenue of The Americas, 7th floor, New York, NY 10036.
The shares will be sold at a public offering price of $10 per share. The minimum initial investment is at least $1,000 and any additional purchases must be investments of at least $10, but purchases of less than $1,000 may be made in the discretion of the dealer manager.
This Offering will terminate at the earlier of: (1) the date at which the maximum amount of offered Common Stock has been sold, (2) the date which is one year after the offering statement of which this Offering Circular forms a part is qualified by the SEC, subject to an extension of up to an additional two years at the discretion of our Company and the dealer manager, or (3) the date on which this Offering is earlier terminated by us in our sole discretion.
Compensation
We have agreed to pay Dalmore a selling commission of 1.00% of the gross Offering proceeds. The Company may decide to add additional FINRA members along with Dalmore.
In addition to the selling commissions, we have agreed to pay Dalmore a one-time set-up fee of $5,000 for out of pocket expenses and a one-time consulting fee of $20,000 payable after the FINRA issues a No Objection Letter.
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The table below sets forth the nature and estimated amount of all items viewed as compensation by FINRA, assuming we sell all the shares offered hereby.
Per Share | Maximum Offering | |||||||
Public Offering Price | $ | 10.00 | $ | 75,000,000 | ||||
Sales Commission(2) | - | - | ||||||
Dealer Manager Fee(2) | $ | 0.10 | $ | 750,000 | ||||
Proceeds to us before expenses(1)(2) | $ | 9.90 | $ | 74,250,000 |
(1) | In addition to the selling commissions, we have agreed to pay the dealer manager a one-time set-up fee of $5,000 and a one-time consulting fee of $20,000 payable after the FINRA issues a No-Objection Letter. |
(2) | The combined selling commissions and Dalmore fee for this Offering will not exceed 6% of the aggregate gross proceeds of this Offering. There will be no additional sales commissions. |
We will be responsible for all expenses related to the issuance and distribution of the common stock in this Offering, including all expenses incident to marketing the Offering and submitting filings with federal and state regulatory authorities, legal and accounting fees, and all costs of reproduction and distribution of this Offering Circular and any amendment or supplement thereto. We estimate that our total Offering expenses including marketing expenses and sales commission will be approximately $4,500,000.
To the extent permitted by law and our certificate of incorporation, we will indemnify the participating broker-dealers and the dealer manager against certain civil liabilities, including certain liabilities arising under the Securities Act and liabilities arising from breaches of our representations and warranties contained in the Broker-Dealer Agreement with Dalmore. Nevertheless, the SEC takes the position that indemnification against liabilities arising under the Securities Act is against public policy and is not enforceable.
Purchases by Officers and Directors
Our officers and directors and affiliates of our officers and directors are permitted to purchase shares in this Offering. Any such purchases shall be conducted in compliance with the applicable provisions of Regulation M.
Investment Procedures
Investors must complete and execute a subscription agreement for a specific number of shares and pay for the shares at the time of the subscription. [Subscription agreements will be submitted electronically, if electronic subscription agreements and signature are made available to you by your broker-dealer or registered investment advisor. Generally, when submitting a subscription agreement electronically, a prospective investor will be required to agree to various terms and conditions by checking boxes and to review and electronically signing any necessary documents. You may pay the purchase price for your shares by check or wire transfer in accordance with the instructions contained in your subscription agreement. Subscription payments should be delivered directly to DealMaker, in accordance with the instructions contained in the subscription agreement. If you send your subscription payment to your broker or registered investment advisor, then your broker or registered investment advisor will immediately forward your subscription payment to DealMaker .Subscriptions will be effective only upon our acceptance.
You may not subscribe to this Offering prior to the date Offering Statement of which this Offering Circular forms a part is qualified by the SEC. Before such date, you may only make non-binding indications of your interest to purchase securities in the Offering. For any subscription agreements received after such date, we have the right to review and accept or reject the subscription in whole or in part, for any reason or for no reason. If rejected, we will return all funds to the rejected investor within ten business days, without interest. If accepted, the funds will remain in the DealMaker account until withdrawn by us.
Following the initial closing of this Offering, we expect to have several subsequent closings of this Offering until the maximum Offering amount is raised or the Offering is terminated. We expect to have closings on a monthly basis and expect that we will accept all funds subscribed for each month subject to our needs consistent with the use of proceeds described in this Offering Circular. Investors should expect to wait approximately one month and no longer than forty-five days before we accept their subscriptions and they receive the securities subscribed for. An investor’s subscription is binding and irrevocable and investors will not have the right to withdraw their subscription or receive a return of funds unless we reject the investor’s subscription. You will receive a confirmation of your purchase promptly following the closing in which you participate.
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Investment Amount Limitations
Generally, no sale may be made to you in this Offering if the aggregate purchase price you pay is more than 10% of the greater of your annual income or net worth. Different rules apply to accredited investors and non-natural persons. Before making any representation that your investment does not exceed applicable thresholds, we encourage you to review Rule 251(d)(2)(i)(C) of Regulation A. For general information on investing, we encourage you to refer to www.investor.gov.
As a Tier 2, Regulation A Offering, investors must comply with the 10% limitation to investment in the Offering. The only investor in this Offering exempt from this limitation is an “accredited investor” as defined under Rule 501 of Regulation D. If you meet one of the following tests you should qualify as an accredited investor:
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● | A person who had individual income in excess of $200,000 in each of the two most recent years or joint income with their spouse or spousal equivalent in excess of $300,000 in each of those years and has a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income level in the current year; |
● | A person whose individual net worth, or joint net worth with their spouse or spousal equivalent, exceeds $1,000,000; |
● | A director or executive officer of our Company; |
● | A person holding one of the following licenses in good standing: General Securities Representative license (Series 7), the Private Securities Offerings Representative license (Series 82), or the Investment Adviser Representative license (Series 65); |
● | An entity all of whose beneficial equity owners are accredited investors; |
● | An entity that has total assets in excess of $5,000,000, was not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered and is one or more of the following (A) an organization described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended; (B) a corporation, (C) a Massachusetts or similar business trust, (D) a partnership, or (E) a limited liability company; |
● | A trust with total assets exceeding $5,000,000, which was not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered and whose purchase is directed by a person who has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters that he or she is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the investment in the securities offered; | |
● | A bank, as defined in section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act, or any savings and loan association or other institution as defined in section 3(a)(5)(A) of the Securities Act whether acting in its individual or fiduciary capacity; |
● | A broker or dealer registered pursuant to section 15 of the Exchange Act; |
● | An investment adviser registered pursuant to section 203 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 or registered pursuant to the laws of a state; |
● | An investment adviser relying on the exemption from registering with the SEC under section 203(l) or (m) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, or the Investment Advisers Act; |
● | An insurance company as defined in section 2(a)(13) of the Securities Act; |
● | An investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, or the Investment Company Act, or a business development company as defined in section 2(a)(48) of the Investment Company Act; |
● | A Small Business Investment Company licensed by the U.S. Small Business Administration under section 301(c) or (d) of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958; |
● | A Rural Business Investment Company as defined in section 384A of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act; |
● | A plan established and maintained by a state, its political subdivisions, or any agency or instrumentality of a state or its political subdivisions, for the benefit of its employees, if such plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000; |
● | An employee benefit plan within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and (A) the investment decision is made by a plan fiduciary, as defined therein, in Section 3(21), which is either a bank, savings and loan association, insurance company, or registered investment adviser; or (B) the employee benefit plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000; or (C) the plan is a self-directed plan with investment decisions made solely by persons who are “accredited investors” as defined therein; |
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● | A private business development company as defined in Section 202(a)(22) of the Investment Advisers Act; |
● | A “family office,” as defined in rule 202(a)(11)(G)-1 under the Investment Advisers Act: (A) with assets under management in excess of $5,000,000, (B) that is not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, and (C) whose prospective investment is directed by a person who has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters that such family office is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment; |
● | A “family client,” as defined in rule 202(a)(11)(G)-1 under the Investment Advisers Act, of a family office meeting the requirements in the bullet above and whose prospective investment in the issuer is directed by such family office pursuant to clause (C) of that bullet; and/or |
● | An entity, of a type not listed in the bullets above for entities, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, owning investments in excess of $5,000,000. |
For purposes of calculating net worth, a person’s primary residence is not included as an asset; indebtedness that is secured by a primary residence, up to the estimated fair market value of the primary residence at the time of the purchase of securities, is not included as a liability (except that if the amount of such indebtedness outstanding at the time of the purchase of securities exceeds the amount outstanding 60 days before such time, other than as a result of the acquisition of the primary residence, the amount of such excess is included as a liability); and indebtedness that is secured by a primary residence in excess of the estimated fair market value of the primary residence at the time of the purchase of securities is included as a liability.
In determining income, an investor should add to the investor’s adjusted gross income any amounts attributable to tax-exempt income received, losses claimed as a limited partner in any limited partnership, deduction claimed for depletion, contribution to an IRA or Keogh plan, alimony payments, and any amount by which income for long-term capital gains has been reduced in arriving at adjusted gross income.
Offer Restrictions outside the United States
Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the dealer manager that would permit a public Offering of the securities offered by this Offering Circular in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this Offering Circular may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this Offering Circular or any other Offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this Offering Circular comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the Offering and the distribution of this Offering Circular. This Offering Circular does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this Offering Circular in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.
Investor Perks
To encourage participation in the Offering, we are providing specific perks for investors who invest a minimum of $1,000 in this Offering, subject to the restrictions set forth below. We are of the opinion that these perks do not have any cash value and do not alter the sales price or cost basis of the securities in this offering. Instead, the perks are a “thank you” to investors that help us achieve our mission. However, it is recommended that investors consult with a tax professional to fully understand any tax implications of receiving any perks before investing. The perks will exclude cleaning costs and taxes.
The table below presents the investment level to receive the stated perk:
Investment Amount | Rewards | |
$1,000-$2,499 | A 100% discount on two days of stay in ReAlpha properties will be awarded. | |
$2,500-$4,999 | A 100% discount on four days of stay in ReAlpha properties will be awarded. | |
$5,000-$9,999 | A 100% discount on eight days of stay in ReAlpha properties will be awarded. | |
$10,000+ | A 100% discount on sixteen days of stay in ReAlpha properties will be awarded. |
Once available, the free stays will be usable at any ReAlpha property during periods of vacancy with the following exceptions:
● | Cannot be used during weekends; |
● | Cannot be used in properties worth $1 million or more; |
● | Cannot be used during black-out times (maintenance, high demand days, and additional days that will be up to ReAlpha to evaluate); |
As of the date of this Offering Circular, there are no properties available to satisfy the free stays. However, we plan to have a satisfactory supply of properties by 2025, although there is no assurance that we will. |
This discount is not transferable. |
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The table below sets forth our estimated use of proceeds from this Offering, assuming we sell $75,000,000 in shares of our common stock in this Offering. The use of funds from this Offering may vary reasonably based on changing market and business conditions and needs of the Company as determined by the business judgment of our management. The following is the current planned use of proceeds from the Offering.
We expect to use substantially all of the net proceeds from this Offering (after paying or reimbursing organization and Offering expenses) to invest in the acquisition of short-term rental properties and single-family homes, as well as, the expansion of our ReAlpha member platform.
Our management team will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds we receive from the Offering, and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the net proceeds.
25% of Offering Sold | 50% of Offering Sold | 75% of Offering Sold | 100% of Offering Sold | |||||||||||||
Shares Sold | 1,875,000 | 3,250,000 | 5,625,00 | 7,500,000 | ||||||||||||
Gross Proceeds | $ | 18,750,000 | $ | 32,500,000 | $ | 56,250,000 | $ | 75,000,000 | ||||||||
Selling Commissions | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
Dealer Manager Fee | 187,500 | 325,000 | 562,500 | 750,000 | ||||||||||||
Net Proceeds Before Expenses | $ | 18,562,500 | $ | 32,175,000 | $ | 55,687,500 | $ | 74,250,000 | ||||||||
Offering Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
Dealer Manager Expenses | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
Legal & Accounting | $ | 175,000 | $ | 175,000 | $ | 175,000 | $ | 175,000 | ||||||||
Publishing/EDGAR | $ | 1,200 | $ | 1,200 | $ | 1,200 | $ | 1,200 | ||||||||
Marketing and Sales Commission | $ | 1,125,000 | $ | 1,950,000 | $ | 3,375,000 | $ | 4,500,000 | ||||||||
Total Offering Expenses | $ | 1,301,200 | $ | 2,126,200 | $ | 3,551,200 | $ | 4,676,200 | ||||||||
Amount of Offering Proceeds Available for Use | $ | 17,261,300 | $ | 30,048,800 | $ | 52,136,300 | $ | 69,573,800 | ||||||||
Uses* | ||||||||||||||||
Acquisition, Renovation, and Management of Properties; Working Capital and Technology Development | $ | 17,361,300 | $ | 30,148,800 | $ | 52,236,300 | $ | 69,673,800 | ||||||||
Total Expenditures | $ | 17,361,300 | $ | 30,148,800 | $ | 52,236,300 | $ | 69,673,800 | ||||||||
Net Remaining Proceeds | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 |
* | 75% of the net proceeds will be used towards the acquisition, renovation, and management of properties. Additionally, 15% will be used towards the working capital of the company, and 10% will be used for development of technologies |
Company Overview – Our Mission
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. is a Delaware corporation formed in April 2021. Our mission statement is to empower retail investor participation in short-term rental properties. We were founded on the belief that every person should have the access and freedom to pursue wealth creation through real estate. However, there are significant barriers to entry for the average individual and lucrative returns are currently mainly realized by the “big guys”: private equity firms and larger-scale developers. We intend to leverage technology to democratize access to short term rental investments. To support this idea, we intend to build what we believe would be a new model for property ownership and real estate investment. We believe in simplified wealth creation, access to new markets, diversification, exceptional guest experiences and community building network effects.
We intend to provide retail investors with the opportunity to participate in short-term rental properties we acquire by offering a minority interest in each portfolio property. We intend to make that opportunity available pursuant to exempt offerings directed at those retail investors, which we call “Syndicate Members.”
We plan to acquire single-family homes at a discount, renovate them to optimize after-repair value, if needed, list them on short-term rental sites and manage them for our benefit and for the benefit of Syndicate Members who purchased minority interests in our acquired properties. In addition to managing the property operations, we will also manage the financial performance of the asset. We are integrating the power of multiple proven models across syndication, investment and property management.
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The average person does not: | Proposed solution: | |
Have access to wholesale real-estate market prices. | As a bulk buyer, we will have access to the wholesale real estate market, which most people do not even know exists. We intend to buy at a discount. | |
Have the cash for a 25% down payment. | ReAlpha has strategic partnerships with lending institutions, which will allow us to put down as little as 10%. | |
Have the time to buy, renovate and manage an investment property. | ReAlpha handles everything. Syndicate Members never have to answer a guest or pick up a paintbrush. | |
Want to deal with a complex mortgage process (personal guarantee, negotiation with lenders, personal credit checks). | ReAlpha eliminates the entire process for Syndicate Members. Syndicate Members will never need to give a personal guarantee and their credit will never be checked when financing directly through ReAlpha. | |
Qualification + lending Restrictions for mortgage - Income determines how much an individual can leverage/borrow. | ReAlpha Syndicate Members do not have to go through a personal qualification process. With as little as $2,500 Syndicate Members can own 12.25% of a property. | |
Short term rental risk perception by financial institutions. Very few banks will lend on the basis of short-term rental income or let you refinance in a timely manner. | ReAlpha has strategic partnerships with financial institutions that will provide long-term funding for short-term rentals because of our scale. | |
The average individual may not have the financial knowledge for creative financial engineering. | ReAlpha has streamlined complex financial matters that works behind the scenes to optimize Syndicate Member returns. |
Investment Objectives
Our investment objectives are:
● | Consistent cash flow from short-term tenants; |
● | Long-term capital appreciation with leverage through After Repair Value; |
● | Favorable tax treatment of long--term capital gains; and |
● | Capital preservation. |
Although we intend to benefit from artificial intelligence, we cannot assure shareholders or Syndicate Members that we will attain these objectives or that the value of our assets will not decrease.
Our Investment Criteria
We plan to have property acquisition investments evaluated using our proprietary algorithms and intend to target properties with the following primary characteristics (which are not exclusive):
● | Properties identified by our algorithms score are considered for acquisition; |
● | Properties with an average of three (3) bedroom and two (2) bathrooms; |
● | Properties with a price range of $100,000 - $500,000 and a repair/improvement budget requirement of less than 20% of the home purchase price; |
● | Experiential properties with a high Airbnb revenue potential |
We intend to regularly consider acquiring properties outside of these ranges depending on market conditions, uniqueness of the property, condition.
Investment Strategy – Our Market Opportunity
Our investment strategy is to acquire, renovate, rent on the short term rental market, manage, selectively leverage and sell single family homes located in vibrant, growing short-term rental cities across the United States. In the future, we may consider expanding to other favorable global markets. We believe that these markets should offer investors a blend of attractive yields and a prospect for long-term property value appreciation.
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Market Selection
We intend to focus our business efforts on the markets in which Airbnb operates, which exhibit the following characteristics:
● | Sufficient inventory to make it feasible to achieve scale in the local market (100 – 500 homes); |
● | Large universities and skilled workforce; |
● | Popular with Airbnb travelers; |
● | Favorable competitive landscape with respect to other institutional single family residence buyers; and |
● | Hotel room capacity and occupancy rates in given destinations. |
We have started to acquire properties in our initial geographic market of the Dallas, Texas area. We believe that this market offers strong growth in population, jobs, rental rates, and value appreciation.
We will focus on acquiring properties we believe (1) are likely to generate stable cash flows in the short term rental market and (2) have potential for long-term capital appreciation, such as those located in neighborhoods with what we see as high growth potential and those available from sellers who are distressed or face time-sensitive deadlines.
We expect to revisit market statistics and market selection criteria on a periodic basis. Selected markets may not necessarily meet every single criterion. In the future, we may choose to enter additional markets such as, by way of example only, Miami, Columbus, Indianapolis, Charlotte, and other cities within the United States. We may also evaluate certain additional, smaller markets in the future.
Investment Decisions
While we will employ our proprietary technology and the real estate professionals of our parent company to identify suitable properties for acquisition, the Company will be responsible for final decisions. We will use the methodology described below and our bespoke technologies to reach buy or sell decisions. We have developed an investment approach that combines the experience of our management, the ReAlpha Score described below and an approach that emphasizes market research, underwriting standards and down-side analysis of the risks of each investment.
To execute our disciplined investment approach, we plan to closely monitor the profit and loss of each investment.
The following is a summary of our methodology for property acquisition:
● | Local Market Research – We will research the acquisition and underwriting of each transaction. |
● | Underwriting Discipline – We will examine all elements of a potential investment, including, with respect to real property, its location, income-producing capacity, prospects for long-range appreciation, tax considerations and liquidity. |
● | Risk Management – Operating or performance risks generally arise at the investment level and often require real estate operating experience to cure. We will review the operating performance of investments against projections and provide the oversight necessary to detect and resolve issues as they arise. |
● | Asset Management – Prior to the purchase of a property, we will develop a property business strategy, which will be customized based on the acquisition and underwriting data. This is a forecast of the action items to be taken and the capital needed to achieve the targeted returns. |
Investments in Real Estate
Our investments in real estate are expected to generally take the form of holding free title until we achieve our profitability expectations. We will acquire such interests either directly or indirectly through pass-through entities such as limited liability companies or limited partnerships.
We anticipate our obligation to purchase any property generally will be conditioned upon the delivery and verification of certain documents from the seller or developer, including, where appropriate:
● | plans and specifications; |
● | evidence of marketable title, subject to such liens and encumbrances as are acceptable to the Company; |
● | auditable financial statements covering recent operations of properties having operating histories; and |
● | title and liability insurance policies |
In determining whether to purchase a particular property, we may obtain an option on such property. The amount paid for an option, if any, may be surrendered if the property is not purchased and or credited against the purchase price if the property is purchased.
The terms and conditions of short term rental tenant bookings are expected to be primarily dictated by whichever short term rental site we list on, such as Airbnb. We expect we may additionally impose further “house rules” that may vary by property; however, we expect that a majority of our bookings will be terms customarily used between “hosts” and guests for short term rental properties.
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In purchasing, renting and developing properties, we will be subject to risks generally incident to the ownership of real estate.
Investment Process
We plan to make all the decisions regarding our investments consistent with the investment objectives and leverage policies.
The Company is intended to focus on the sourcing, acquisition and management of residential properties. It should source our investments from former and current financing and investment partners, third-party intermediaries, competitors looking to share risk and investment, and securitization or lending departments of major financial institutions.
In selecting investments, we may utilize an investment and underwriting process, which focuses on ensuring that each prospective investment is being evaluated appropriately. In addition to the specific investment criteria listed above, the Company will consider the following factors when evaluating prospective investment opportunities:
● | The methodology described above; |
● | Macroeconomic conditions that may influence operating performance; |
● | Real estate market factors that may influence real estate valuations, real estate financing or the economic performance of real estate generally; |
● | Fundamental analysis of the real estate, lease terms, zoning, operating costs and the asset’s overall competitive position in its market; |
● | Real estate and leasing market conditions affecting the real estate; |
● | The cash flow in place and projected to be in place over the expected hold period of the real estate; |
● | The appropriateness of estimated costs and timing associated with capital improvements of the real estate; |
● | A valuation of the investment, investment basis relative to its value and the ability to liquidate an investment through a sale or refinancing of the real estate; |
● | Review of third-party reports, including appraisals, engineering and environmental reports; |
● | Physical inspections of the real estate and analysis of markets; and |
● | The overall structure of the investment and rights in the transaction documentation. |
Leverage Policy
We may employ leverage to enhance total returns to our investors through a combination of senior financing on our real estate acquisitions, secured facilities, and capital markets financing transactions. We will seek to secure conservatively structured leverage that is long-term, non-recourse, non-mark-to-market financing to the extent obtainable on a cost-effective basis. To the extent leverage is employed it may come either in the form of government-sponsored programs or other long-term, non-recourse, non-mark-to-market financing. The Company may from time to time modify our leverage policy at its discretion.
ReAlpha Business Process for Acquired Properties
Once we have decided to acquire a property, we intend to use the following steps to maximize its value:
1. | ReAlpha Acquisitions, LLC buys this property using short-term leverage provided by our lending partner. |
2. | ReAlpha Acquisitions, LLC arranges for the renovation of the property, at the cost of the new LLC, by one of our preselected national partners after transferring it to the new LLC. |
3. |
The new LLC will offer up to 49% of its membership interests for purchase. |
4. | ReAlpha Acquisitions, LLC will manage the property for a gross fee of 20% of revenues. |
5. | Our Syndicate Members may receive distributions proportional with their ownership based on the net profits after taxes from the overall performance of the property on Airbnb. |
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6. | Within a period of 12-to-18-months ReAlpha will refinance this property by swapping the short-term loan with a long-term loan from our lending partner. Our current arrangement with our lender only requires that we transfer title of the property to a new LLC. |
7. | If the after repair value of the property is higher than the purchase price, then the remaining money from the equity may be used for purchasing additional properties in the same LLC for all owners. |
8. | After the property is ready to generate the expected profitability, the property may be sold to book the profit for the LLC. |
9. | This profit, if any, may be used to purchase further properties in the same LLC for our benefit and the benefit of the Syndicate Members. The Syndicate Members may choose to invest further in new properties or redeem their investments. |
Operating Policies
Credit Risk Management. We may be exposed to various levels of credit and special hazard risk depending on the nature of our assets. We will review and monitor credit risk and other risks of loss associated with each investment and our overall credit risk and levels of provision for loss.
Interest Rate Risk Management. We will follow an interest rate risk management policy intended to mitigate the negative effects of major interest rate changes. We intend to minimize our interest rate risk from borrowings by attempting to “match-fund,” which means that we will seek to structure the key terms of our borrowings to generally correspond with the expected holding period of our assets.
Disposition Policies
We intend to hold and manage the properties we acquire for a period of one to five years. As each of our properties reaches what we believe to be its appropriate disposition value, we will consider disposing of the property. The determination of when a particular property should be sold or otherwise disposed of will be made after consideration of relevant factors, including prevailing and projected economic conditions, whether the value of the property is anticipated to appreciate or decline substantially, and how any existing leases on a property may impact the potential sales price. The Company will utilize the ReAlpha Score to measure properties against set key performance indexes and determine when to objectively dispose of a property. The Company may determine that it is in the best interests of shareholders to sell a property earlier than one year or to hold a property for more than five years.
When we determine to sell a particular property, we intend to achieve a selling price that captures the capital appreciation for investors based on then-current market conditions. We cannot assure you that this objective will be realized.
Following the sale of a property, the Company expects to re-invest the proceeds of such sale, net of the property disposition fee as described below, into more properties for the benefit of ourselves and the investing Syndicate Members investing in that property.
Property Disposition Fee
Upon the disposition and sale of a property, each property will be charged a market rate property disposition fee that should cover property sale expenses such as brokerage commissions, and title, escrow and closing costs. It is expected that this disposition fee charged will range from six to eight percent of the property sale price.
Property Management Agreement
The Company may appoint a third-party property management company to serve as property manager to manage the underlying property of each LLC pursuant to a specific property management agreement.
The services provided by the property manager would include:
● | Ensuring compliance with local landlord/tenant and other applicable laws; |
● | Handling tenant access to properties; and |
● | Investigating, selecting, and, on behalf of the applicable property, engaging and conducting business with such persons as the property manager deems necessary to ensure the proper performance of its obligations under the property management agreement, including but not limited to consultants, insurers, cleaning personnel, insurance agents, maintenance providers, bookkeepers and accountants and any and all persons acting in any other capacity deemed by the property manager necessary or desirable for the performance of any of the services under the property management agreement. |
Each property management agreement would terminate on the earlier of: (i) the Company’s discretion to terminate a property management agreement at predetermined renewal periods or by paying a termination fee, (ii) after the date on which the relevant property has been liquidated and the obligations connected to the property (including, contingent obligations) have been terminated, (iii) upon notice by one party to the other party of a party’s material breach of a property management agreement or (iv) such other date as agreed between the parties to the property management agreement.
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We expect each LLC to indemnify the property manager out of its assets against all liabilities and losses (including amounts paid in respect to judgments, fines, penalties or settlement of litigation, including legal fees and expenses) to which it becomes subject by virtue of serving as property manager under the respective property management agreements with respect to any act or omission that has not been determined by a final, non-appealable decision of a court, arbitrator or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction to constitute fraud, willful misconduct or gross negligence.
Property Management Fee
As compensation for the management of the properties, ReAlpha will collect a property management fee equal to twenty percent (20%) of the short-term rental gross revenue generated. If a short-term rental property is vacant and not producing rental income, the property management fee will not be paid during any such period of vacancy.
Operating Expenses
Each LLC will be responsible for the following costs and expenses attributable to the activities of our Company related to such property (we refer to these as Operating Expenses):
● | Mortgage principal and interest; |
● | Property Tax; |
● | Homeowner insurance; |
● | Utilities |
ReAlpha will share the expenses related to the short-term rental properties with the Syndicate Members and will bear its own operating and management expenses in proportion to the ownership of the LLC.
Competition
There are a number of established and emerging competitors in the real estate platform market. The market is fragmented, rapidly evolving, competitive, and with relatively low barriers to entry. We consider our competitive differentiators in our market to be:
● | our focus on the short-term rental market; |
● | Syndicate Member rewards program that allows for utilization of properties when they are unoccupied; |
● | Consistent short-term rental income with use of optimum amounts of leverage; |
● | our use of technology to make objective and strategic investments in property and market selection; |
● | lower minimum investment amounts; and |
● | favorable tax treatment associated with long-term capital gains. |
We face competition primarily from other real estate platform companies such as Roofstock, Inc., Fundrise LLC, Invitation Homes, Pacaso, as well as a range of emerging new entrants.
Employees
We do not currently have any employees.
Legal Proceedings
None of our Company, or any director or executive officer of our Company or our parent company is presently subject to any material legal proceedings.
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MARKET AND OTHER INDUSTRY DATA
This Offering Circular includes market and other industry data and estimates that are based on our management’s knowledge and experience in the real estate, financial services, and artificial intelligence markets in which we operate. The sources of such data generally state that the information they provide has been obtained from sources they believe to be reliable, but we have not investigated or verified the accuracy and completeness of such information. Our own estimates are based on information obtained from our and our affiliates experience in the markets in which we operate and from other contacts in these markets. We are responsible for all of the disclosure in this Offering Circular, and we believe our estimates to be accurate as of the date of this Offering Circular or such other date stated in this Offering Circular. However, this information may prove to be inaccurate because of the method by which we obtained some of the data for the estimates or because this information cannot always be verified with complete certainty due to the limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties. As a result, you should be aware that market and other industry data included in this Offering Circular, and estimates and beliefs based on that data, may not be reliable.
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc.’s business model is based on a digital marketplace with design and functions incorporating elements of multiple growing markets more fully described below:
The Airbnb Effect
Airbnb is an online community marketplace for people to list, discover, book and rent accommodations through easy-to-use technology. Platforms like Airbnb have increased traveler accommodation by enabling “home-sharing” on a global scale. Because of its scale and brand recognition, Airbnb has been chosen as the platform to market and operate ReAlpha’s Short-Term Rental properties.
ReAlpha intends to offer standardized and personalized experiences like those provided by individual hosts within the Airbnb system but at the scale and efficiency of professional hosts. Airbnb continues to grow its host community in size and quality though consistent investment. According to Airbnb’s S-1 filing, about 90% of Airbnb’s hosts are individual hosts with the majority having just a single listing. Professional hosts, such as property management companies, serviced apartment providers, and boutique hotels comprise only 10% of the host community.
The Robinhood Effect
According to the Wall Street Journal, retail investors have become more active than ever in the history of the United States making up nearly 20% of US equity trading (August, 31, 2020; Individual-Investor Boom Reshapes U.S. Stock Market). The barrier-to-entry for brokerage applications has decreased, which in turn, has created easier access to the market. Simultaneously, the emerging demographic of first-time investors is typically young people. Evidence has shown that approximately 78% of Robinhood users are under the age of 35, according to Fast & Company (August, 14, 2017; How Brokerage App Robinhood Got Millennials to Love the Market). Furthermore, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a substantial increase of 3 million retail investors on Robinhood in Q1 2020. A remarkable 83% of those who received stimulus checks in May 2020 invested half into the market, according to Mirae Assets (October, 15, 2020; The Renewed Rise of The Retail Investor). These macro trends are important to note because they signify the rapidly expanding growth of Millennial and Fintech investing.
We are expanding the democratization of inaccessible markets, which will revolutionize personal finances through the adoption of fractionalized ownership. A Company like ours will allow individuals with less capital and less direct involvement to invest in real estate projects.
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The Stripe Effect
Integration of disconnected technology ecosystems refers to disruption created by companies like Stripe, which is a provider of payments infrastructure for the internet. Millions of businesses use Stripe’s software and APIs to accept payments, send payouts, and manage their businesses online. Stripe took a fragmented industry and created a fully integrated suite of payments products that bring together everything that’s required to build websites and apps that accept payments and send payouts globally. There is an opportunity to utilize ReAlpha’s core technological capabilities to unite the fragmented ecosystem currently serving markets like Airbnb.
INVH Effect
The consolidation of single-family homes backed by institutional capital is a relatively recent phenomenon that has become standard in the industry today. The single-family rental market was previously composed of a small percentage of institutionally owned rental homes. Companies like Invitation Homes entered the market and stepped in front of non-permanent capital investors that were looking to liquidate their portfolios.
This paved the way for longer-term, permanent capital entities with more established operating scale, providing growth opportunities beyond the underlying market growth. With increasing scale brought about by companies like Invitation Homes, the single-family rental sector has been able to deliver better operating efficiency.
COVID-19 Impact
The impacts of COVID-19 on the real estate markets have been unprecedented. Massive shutdowns due to the ongoing health crisis have dramatically altered the economy, which leads us to believe there will be an acute demand for structured financing and investments. Since the beginning of March 2020, the Federal Reserve launched an exceptional monetary stimulus, including lowering Federal Reserve benchmark rates to a range of zero to 0.25% and expanding its balance sheet to $6.6 trillion.
COVID-19 Impact on Travel
Resurgence of the travel market is expected to happen once the COVID-19 pandemic wanes. This will likely increase the demand for hosts’ multi-fold. In an interview aired by CNBC “TechCheck”, Airbnb CEO, Brian Chesky expects that more Guests will flock to Airbnb than the platform’s four million hosts can accommodate due to expected resurging travel not seen in recent times.
According to a survey of a census-balanced sample of 1,994 U.S. adults conducted by the payments and commerce content platform, PYMNTS.com, about 65% of surveyed consumers want to re-engage in the physical world for fun and leisure activities, such as seeing friends and family and attending sporting events and concerts. According to the survey, about 60% of surveyed consumers said they want to be able to travel within the U.S. again.
COVID-19 Impact on Real Estate
New home sales continue to be buoyant. Sales of new single-family housing in February 2021 was at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 775,000 units, according to estimates released jointly by the U.S. Census Bureau and the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
According to the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) estimates, the total count of second homes, vacation homes, and investment properties was 7.5 million, accounting for 5.5% of the total housing stock. These second homes account for 15% of new single-family home sales. Nearly 50% of those second homes are rented out using professional management companies.
Down payments for home buyers have not yet been simplified or reduced with one-fifth of home buyers putting down more than 20% as down payment. Fannie Mae has set the minimum credit score of 620 for a primary home and a minimum of 640 for a second home as long as there is a down payment of 25% or more. A typical requirement for borrowers seeking a mortgage is to have a maximum debt-to-income level of about 43%. However, individuals with primary home mortgages among other debts struggle to meet these requirements. The number of prospective home-buyers seeking support on down payments has reached exponential heights in the last four years.
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Our Licensed Technology
To date, our parent company has been developing three technologies. These technologies are licensed to our company under the terms of the license described under “Technology License Agreement” below and we are in the process of completing their development. However, this is only part of our technology roadmap. We intend to continue to innovate for our benefit and for the benefit of our Syndicate Members by using better wealth-creation tools, as well as generating returns by leveraging new technologies to optimize guest experience.
ReAlpha BRAINTM & ReAlpha Score*
*Patent applied
The ReAlpha BRAINTM will bring machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence to the world of short-term rental investment. This platform will leverage natural language processing (NLP) program to scan through large quantities of data regarding properties and ML algorithms to choose the properties that have higher than expected industry standard return on investment. For this, it will gather and integrate a variety of data relevant to the properties from multiple sources including wholesalers, various MLS data sources, realtors, small Airbnb “mom and pop” operators, and other larger property owners. For instance, data on the properties’ price, house structure and sale history from different MLS listings in the U.S. This data, combined with the information about the neighborhood appeal, accessibility and safety of the neighborhood surrounding the properties enables the algorithm to learn the hidden patterns underlying high return STR investments. This will allow ReAlpha to predict how likely a particular property will generate expected profitability. The platform will convey this knowledge by assigning each property with a “ReAlpha Score” ranging from 0-100. The higher the value, the more favorable a property is for investment.
Currently, the process of analyzing a property’s investment typically begins with an email received from real-estate agent’s distribution list to which ReAlpha has subscribed. However, we use multiple other sources outside of inbound emails to identify properties. In the email scenario, the ReAlpha BRAINTM will include an intelligent email parser based on natural language processing (NLP) that looks for the property of concern within the unstructured email and extracts its street address. This address will then be used to query various data providers for a detailed description of the property’s structure, neighborhood and finances. This machine learning model, which is being built and will be hosted on the Amazon Sagemaker platform provided by AWS, will then calculate the ReAlpha Score for that property. The model will also adjust its learnings over time. As the Company makes its decision to invest in properties, the model will check the effectiveness of its recommendations to reduce false positives and false negatives.
M3 TM (Member Money Management) Platform.
The M3 TM Platform is an application we are developing, which, when operational, will allow Syndicate Members to view the performance of properties they have invested in. Just as you may monitor your stock portfolio and performance on an app like Robinhood, the M3 TM platform will give Syndicate Members real-time visibility into their property asset portfolio and performance.
The ReAlpha M3 TM Platform has been designed to support our mission to make real estate ownership accessible and user friendly. When operational, it will fetch property listing data as well as data on short-term rental market trends from multiple third party API providers and display the consolidated data for a particular property in an easily accessible format.
The ReAlpha Hub
The ReAlpha HubTM will be an aggregator of smart-home technologies (hardware and software) used to aid the management of STRs and enhance Guest experience by utilizing AI with an integrated digital lock, visitor identification, guest counter, decibel detection, anti-theft, and other technologies continually being added. The ReAlpha HubTM will integrate technologies intended to support short term rental hosts with noise and occupancy control, asset tracking, tenant verification and more.
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TRADEMARKS
As of the date of this Offering Circular, ReAlpha has applied for 2 trademarks and has filed a provisional patent application for the ReAlpha Score. As of the date hereof, the Company has the following pending applications for federal trademarks and a license to use the following federal trademark in the United States:
Mark Name | International Classes | Application Number | Filed Date | Owner | ||||||||
ReAlpha M3 TM | 035 | 90670058 | 2021-04-25 | ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. | ||||||||
ReAlpha HUMINTTM | 035 | 90670061 | 2021-04-25 | ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. | ||||||||
ReAlpha BRAINTM | 035 | 90670577 | 2021-04-25 | ReAlpha Tech Corp and licensed to ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. |
Our Corporate Structure
Our parent company, ReAlpha Tech Corp, a Delaware corporation, provides us with the services necessary to conduct our business under the terms of a master services agreement. It also licenses to us the technologies and trademarks described above and used in our business.
ReAlpha Tech Corp |
ReAlpha Tech Corp is our parent company. The executives in the executive team of ReAlpha Tech Corp also form the executive team of the Company. However, the Company may decide to hire an additional executive team exclusively to manage the affairs of the Company in the future.
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ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc.
We are the legal entity created for acquisition, management, and disposition of properties as described in the previous sections. We were formed by ReAlpha Tech Corp. on April 22, 2021, which in connection with our formation contributed to our capital seven properties held in four LLCs valued at $284,052.95, which included the underlying assets and liabilities of each LLC, and cash in the amount of $165,947.05. We issued to ReAlpha Tech Corp 40,000,000 shares of our common stock, valued at $0.01125 per share.
ReAlpha Acquisitions, LLC
ReAlpha Acquisitions, LLC, a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, will acquire the properties and to then convey them to the separate property owning LLCs.
Property LLCs
A new LLC will be formed for each property or group of related properties that are ready to be listed on short term rental sites. These LLCs will be offered to Syndicate Members via a SEC registered broker dealer managed process. ReAlpha Acquisitions, LLC will continue to own at least 51% of the properties and maintain management control of each of the LLCs. Syndicate Members may collectively buy up to 49% of the newly formed LLC. The offerings by the new LLCs will be made after the completion of this Offering pursuant to Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation A, Regulation Crowdfunding, or Regulation D, all of which we believe would be available for such offerings.
ReAlpha Operations, Inc.
This company provides renovations, furnishing, Airbnb onboarding, and marketing the acquired properties. It is also responsible for cleaning, general maintenance, and guest services for those properties. Additionally, ReAlpha Operations, Inc. will be responsible for providing insurance, title management, and other administrative services. For more information refer to the Master Services Agreement with ReAlpha Operations, Inc. filed as Exhibit 6.2 to the Form 1-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission of which this Offering Circular is a part.
On April 22, 2021 we acquired the membership interests held by our parent company ReAlpha Tech Corp in various limited liability companies, providing us with the indirect ownership of the properties owned by those limited liability companies. Of those properties, only one was rented and only one was renovated.
We intend to have future properties acquired by ReAlpha Acquisitions, Inc.
The following is a list of the properties we have an interest in as of the date of this Offering Circular.
825 Austrian Road, Grand Prairie, Texas
This property was acquired on December 23, 2020 by ReAlpha LLC - Series 1 for a price of $168,005.28, including all fees and commissions. To pay the $168,005.28 and renovation cost of the property, ReAlpha Series 1 LLC borrowed a total of $152,136.00 from LendingOne. The total project cost was $196,989.74 with Earnest Money Deposit (EMD) and down payment of $44,853.74. We acquired a 75% membership interest in ReAlpha LLC–Series 1 from our parent company and other members hold an aggregate 25% interest in ReAlpha LLC – Series 1.
1011 Gallagher Street, Dallas, Texas
This property was acquired on January 20, 2021 by ReAlpha 1011 Gallagher LLC for a price of $190,652.69, including all fees and commissions. To pay the $190,652.69 and renovation cost of the property, ReAlpha 1011 Gallagher LLC borrowed a total of $160,000.00 from LendingOne. The total project cost was $204,784.44 with EMD and down payment of $44,784.44. We acquired a 75% membership interest in ReAlpha 1011 Gallagher LLC from our parent company and other members hold an aggregate 25% interest in ReAlpha 1011 Gallagher LLC.
4107 Ladale Drive, Dallas, Texas
This property was acquired by ReAlpha LLC - Series 2 on March 1, 2021 for a price of $124,137.16, including all fees and commissions. To pay the $124,137.16 and renovation cost of the property, ReAlpha Series LLC – Series 2 borrowed a total of $126,000.00 from LendingOne. The total project cost was $173,541.51 with EMD and down payment of $47,541.51. We acquired a 100% interest in ReAlpha LLC – Series 2 from our parent company.
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503 North Patton Avenue, Dallas, Texas
This property was acquired by ReAlpha 503 North Patton LLC purchased on March 11, 2021 for a price of $198,536.66, including all fees and commissions. To pay the $198,536.66 and renovation cost of the property, ReAlpha 503 North Patton LLC borrowed a total of $177,974.00 from LendingOne. The total project cost was $230,445.67 with EMD and down payment of $52,471.67. We acquired a 100% interest in ReAlpha 503 North Patton LLC from our parent company.
606 W Acheson Street, Denison, Texas
This property was acquired on March 2, 2021 by ReAlpha LLC - Series 2, for a price of $98,865.72, including all fees and commissions. To pay the $98,865.72 and renovation cost of the property, ReAlpha Tech Corp Series 2 borrowed a total of $98,000.00 from LendingOne. The total project cost was $126,342.88 with EMD and down payment of $28,342.88.We acquired a 100% interest in ReAlpha LLC – Series 2 from our parent company.
10337 Joaquin Drive, Dallas, Texas
ReAlpha LLC - Series 2 purchased this property on April 7, 2021, for a price of $207,793.51, including all fees and commissions. To pay the $207,793.51 and renovation cost of the property, ReAlpha Series 2 LLC borrowed a total of $226,737.00 from LendingOne. The total project cost was $278,669.47 with EMD and down payment of $51,932.47 We acquired a 100% interest in ReAlpha LLC – Series 2 from our parent company.
506 West Parnell Street, Denison, Texas
On April 29, 2021, ReAlpha 7 LLC purchased the 506 West Parnell Street, Denison, Texas, 75020 property from Universal Outsourcing LLC, for a price of $128,127.40, including all fees and commissions. To pay the $128,127.40 and renovation cost of the property, ReAlpha 7 LLC borrowed a total of $98,000.00 from LendingOne. The total project cost was $131,409.08 with EMD and down payment of $33,409.08. We own 100% of ReAlpha 7 LLC.
746 Greenland Way Grand Prairie, TX 75050
This property was acquired by ReAlpha 7 LLC on May 21, 2021 for a price of $181,828.88, including all fees, and commissions. To pay the $181,828.88 and renovation cost of the property, ReAlpha 7 LLC borrowed a total of $217,500.00 from LendingOne. The total project cost was $260,429.26 with EMD and down payment of $42,926.26. We own 100% of ReAlpha 7 LLC.
5241 North West 5th Street Miami, FL 33126
This property was acquired by ReAlpha 7 LLC on June 30, 2021 for a price of $509,187.11, including all fees, and commissions. To pay the $509,187.11 and renovation cost of the property, ReAlpha 7 LLC borrowed a total of $502,851.00 from LendingOne. The total project cost was $647,934.79 with EMD and down payment of $145,083.79. We own 100% of ReAlpha 7 LLC.
3121 Fieldview Dr Garland, TX 75044
This property was acquired by ReAlpha 7 LLC on July 19, 2021 for a price of $263,031.82, including all fees, and commissions. To pay the $263,031.82 and renovation cost of the property, ReAlpha 7 LLC borrowed a total of $228,750.00 from LendingOne. The total project cost was $285,585.94 with EMD and down payment of $56,835.94. We own 100% of ReAlpha 7 LLC.
1822 Rosewood St Dallas, TX 75050
This property was acquired by ReAlpha Acquisitions LLC on August 2, 2021 for a price of $148,653.72, including all fees and commissions. To pay the $148,653.72 and renovation cost of the property, ReAlpha Acquisitions LLC borrowed a total of $142,000.00 from LendingOne. The total project cost was $177,438.47 with EMD and down payment of $35,438.47. We own 100% of ReAlpha Acquisitions LLC.
Prior to a sale to an LLC, we may acquire a property, repair and improve the property, and onboard the property on digital hospitality platforms like Airbnb. After curating the property on Airbnb for 6 to 12 months ReAlpha may choose to refinance the property and release the down payment, which was used as the equity in the property. Such released money can be used for purchasing additional properties in the same LLC.
It is expected that each loan issued by our lenders to us or to one of our affiliates with respect for the acquisition of a specific property will be repaid through future closings of the respective property or through additional future financing rounds. In the event that a particular loan is not repaid in full prior to its maturity date, the outstanding principal balance of that promissory note will be converted into the related LLC´s interests under the same terms as provided to investors in that offering.
The repayment to our lender of an outstanding loan does not include the reimbursement of our parent company’s offering expenses or acquisition expenses, which we will pay separately to our parent company.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our plans and financial condition. The following selected financial information is derived from our historical financial statements and should be read in conjunction with such financial statements and notes thereto set forth elsewhere herein and the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” explanation included herein.
Overview
As of April 30, 2021, we owned and operated seven single family residences in the Dallas, Texas area and are building a pipeline for acquiring additional properties to be listed on Airbnb. Since that date we have acquired an additional three single family residences in the same area and one in Miami, Florida,
Revenues and Results of Operations
We are a newly formed company, and even though we have purchased seven properties from our parent company, our revenues and results of operations as of April 30, 2021 were limited to eight days in April 2021.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of April 30, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $333,220 consisting of $108,172 in cash, and restricted cash of $225,048. We intend to continue to increase our real estate investments.
Operating Plan
Our business plan includes acquiring properties that yield in excess of our cost of funds, then investing in physical improvements, and generating higher rental income via short term rentals through platforms like Airbnb. including adding rental homes onto otherwise vacant sites. Our ability to continue acquiring communities are dependent on our ability to raise capital. There is no guarantee that any of these additional opportunities will materialize or that we will be able to take advantage of such opportunities. The growth of our real estate portfolio depends on the availability of suitable properties, which meet our investment criteria and appropriate financing.
We will require additional funding to finance the growth of our current and expected future operations as well as to achieve our strategic objectives. We believe that our current available cash along with anticipated revenues will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for the near future. There can be no assurance that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
We intend to list our properties for short-term rental via digital hospitality platforms like Airbnb. The rental revenue generated by Airbnb for our properties is expected to be in the range consistent with similar properties on Airbnb. We intend to hold our properties for 1-5 years during which time, we will operate the properties as a short-term rental income properties. During this period, we intend to distribute any Free Cash Flow to investors of this Offering.
In our opinion, the proceeds from this offering will be sufficient to satisfy our cash needs for up to two years.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of April 30, 2021, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Critical accounting policies are defined as those that involve significant judgment and potentially could result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. Management believes the following critical accounting policies are affected by our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition: Our revenues will primarily consist of short-term rental revenues and capital gains generated by the sale of our properties and other revenues. Additionally, we will receive 20% of the gross revenues from the short-term rental properties as property management fees. We have the following revenue sources and revenue recognition policies:
● | Short-term rental revenues include revenues from the rental of our properties via Airbnb and other digital hospitality platforms; and |
● | For every property which generates revenue through short-term rental ReAlpha charges 20% of the gross revenues as property management fees for the cost of up-keep, maintenance, upgrade, and related operating costs. |
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Investment Property and Equipment and Depreciation. Property and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation for sites and buildings is computed principally on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (ranging from 15 to 25 years). Depreciation of improvements to sites and buildings, rental homes and equipment and vehicles is computed principally on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (ranging from 3 to 27.5 years). Land development costs are not depreciated until they are put in use, at which time they are capitalized as sites and land improvements. Interest expenses pertaining to acquired properties costs are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expenses as incurred and improvements are capitalized. The costs and related accumulated depreciation of property sold or otherwise disposed of are removed from the financial statements and any gain or loss is reflected in the current year’s results of operations.
Impairment Policy. The Company applies FASB ASC 360-10, “Property, Plant & Equipment,” to measure impairment in real estate investments. Rental properties are individually evaluated for impairment when conditions exist which may indicate that it is probable that the sum of expected future cash flows (on an undiscounted basis without interest) from a rental property is less than the carrying value under its historical net cost basis. These calculations of expected future cash flows consider factors such as future operating income, trends and prospects, as well as the effects of leasing demand, competition and other factors. Upon determination that a permanent impairment has occurred, rental properties are reduced to their fair value. For properties to be disposed of, an impairment loss is recognized when the fair value of the property (less the estimated cost to sell) is less than the carrying amount of the property measured at the time there is a commitment to sell the property and/or it is actively being marketed for sale. A property to be disposed will be reported at the lower end of the carrying amount or its estimated fair value, less its cost to sell. Subsequent to the date that a property is held for disposition, depreciation expense is not recorded.
Income Taxes. We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, we determine deferred tax assets and liabilities on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities by using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We recognize deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If we determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. We record uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process in which (1) we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon the ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. We recognize interest and penalties, if any, with income tax expense in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.
OUR CORPORATE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE
ReAlpha Tech Corp, the parent entity of the Company, was incorporated as a technology company in Delaware on November 30, 2020. Since then, it has have built technologies and platforms to identify, select, and acquire properties for short-term rental on Airbnb and other digital hospitality platforms. ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on April 22, 2021 to benefit from the technologies being developed by ReAlpha Tech Corp. We have signed a Technology License Agreement with ReAlpha Tech Corp to provide access to those technologies to scale our business operation, including acquisition of properties. Additionally, we will also be leveraging future technologies developed by ReAlpha Tech Corp for the benefit of investors, Syndicate Members, and Guests.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND SIGNIFICANT EMPLOYEES
Executive Officers and Directors
The following table provides information regarding our executive officers, significant employees and directors as of April 22, 2021.
Name | Age | Position | Term of Office | |||
Board Members | ||||||
Brent Crawford | 49 | Chairman and Director | Since Inception | |||
Dr. Arthur Langer | 67 | Independent Director | Since Inception | |||
Brian Cole | 41 | Independent Director | Since Inception | |||
Giri Devanur | 51 | Chief Executive Officer | Since Inception | |||
Executive Officers | ||||||
Giri Devanur | 51 | Chief Executive Officer | Since Inception | |||
Monaz Karkaria | 47 | Chief Operating Officer | Since Inception | |||
Mike Logozzo | 49 | Chief Financial Officer | Since Inception | |||
Christie Currie | 24 | Chief Marketing Officer | Since Inception |
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Brent Crawford is Principal and Founder of Crawford Hoying since 1994, in which he has grown a single investment property into one of the largest real estate firms in Columbus, Ohio. He personally oversees many aspects of the business, including raising private equity for specific investment into income producing properties, securing debt financing, managing relationships with equity investors, monitoring new acquisitions, ground-up development and debt placement for all projects, and guiding all new developments for the Company. Brent has spoken at many events as a guest speaker covering topics such as current real estate trends, multi-family markets and development growth in central Ohio. In addition, he taught property management and real estate trends at the Fisher College of Business at The Ohio State University. He serves on the boards of Sophisticated Systems and The Ohio State Sports Medicine Center, and is the current President of the Center for Real Estate at The Ohio State University. He also is a current member of the Columbus Partnership. He is a 1995 graduate of The Ohio State University holding a bachelor’s degree in communications.
Dr. Arthur M. Langer is Director of the Center for Technology Management, Professor of Professional Practice and Academic Director of the Master in Science in Technology Management programs at Columbia University. He also serves on the faculty of the Department of Organization and Leadership at the Graduate School of Education (Teachers College), and is the Faculty Director of the Advanced Certificate in Workforce Education and Development Program.
Dr. Langer is the author of Analysis and Design of Next Generation Software Architectures: 5G, IoT, Blockchain and Quantum Computing (2020), Strategic Information Technology: Best Practices to Drive Digital Transformation (2nd Ed., 2018 with Lyle Yorks), Information Technology and Organizational Learning (3rd Ed., 2018), Guide to Software Development: Designing and Managing the Life Cycle(2nd Ed., 2016), Analysis and Design of Information Systems (2007), Applied Ecommerce (2002), and The Art of Analysis (1997) and has published numerous articles and papers relating to service learning for underserved populations, IT organizational integration, mentoring and staff development.
Dr. Langer is the Chairman and Founder of Workforce Opportunity Services, a 501(c)(3) charity, consults with corporations and universities on information technology, staff development, management transformation, and curriculum development around the globe. Prior to joining the full-time faculty at Columbia University, Dr. Langer was Executive Director of Computer Support Services at Coopers and Lybrand, General Manager and Partner of Software Plus, and President of Macco Software.
Brian Cole is a member of Baird’s Technology and Services Investment Banking Group. In his role, Brian leads M&A and capital raising transactions, advising premier tech-enabled outsourcing companies. Prior to joining Baird, Brian was a manager in PricewaterhouseCoopers’ Transaction Services practice where he led mergers and acquisitions advisory and financial due diligence engagements for private equity and corporate clients including leveraged buyouts, mergers, carve-out divestitures, take-privates, and joint ventures. In the community, Mr. Cole serves on the advisory board of the United Performing Arts Foundation, an umbrella charitable organization and the largest donor to the state’s performing arts organizations. Brian received his M.B.A. from Indiana University’s Kelley School of Business and a B.S. in business from the same institution with honors.
Giri Devanur is our President, Chief Executive Officer, and became a member of our Board in April 2021. Giri Devanur is a representative of ReAlpha Tech Corp on the Board. He is a seasoned chief executive officer who has raised seed capital, venture capital, and private equity from global institutions. He has successfully executed acquisitions, mergers, and corporate investments. He has more than 25 years of experience in the information technology industry. Earlier, he was the CEO of Ameri 100 Inc., a global SAP consulting company that was listed on Nasdaq in November 2017. Previously, he founded WinHire Inc. in 2010, an innovative company building software products through technology and human capital management experts and combining them with professional services. He co-founded Ivega Corporation in 1997, an international niche IT consulting company with a special focus on financial services which merged with TCG in 2004, creating a 1,000+ person-focused differentiator in the IT consulting space. Giri Devanur has a master’s degree in technology management from Columbia University and a bachelor’s degree in computer engineering from the University of Mysore, India. He has attended executive education programs at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Law School.
Monaz Karkaria is the Chief Operating Officer of ReAlpha Tech Corp and has vast knowledge and experience in real estate investing. She has been investing in rental properties since 1999 and has been a part of over 100 real-estate transactions. Monaz has been President and founder of Ben Zen Investments LLC and Ben Zen Properties LLC since 2013. She is passionate about teaching and helping other real estate investors generate wealth and learn to invest in real estate the right way. Monaz was social director at ZANT a non-profit organization from 2015-2017. Monaz was a part of Citibank’s Retail operations team in 2012. She was a business consultant in Brazil from 2006-2008 and was also part of a sales team at Smith and Nephew FZE from 1997-2006.
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Mike Logozzo is the CFO of ReAlpha Tech Corp. Prior to his current role at ReAlpha, Mike was Managing Director of the Americas Region for L Marks, covering the U.S., Canada, and Latin America from May 2019 to February 2021. He is a specialist in corporate innovation with expertise in leveraging the entrepreneurial ideas of young companies to solve business challenges. He was also a strategic and transformation leader at BMW Financial Services from 2001 to 2019. During his 18-year tenure, Mike was responsible for finance operations, innovation, and best practices integration at the automotive company’s Americas Regional Services Center in Columbus, Ohio and the headquarters in Munich, Germany. With his vast experience implementing innovation strategies and solutions in complex business environments, Mike was behind the first BMW Financial Services Collaboration Lab, Region Americas. Mike has a proven record of identifying and delivering value-added solutions, including with disruptive technology, in an effort to future proof businesses operating in a rapidly changing external environment.
Christie Currie is the CMO of ReAlpha Tech Corp. She studied at Miami University and the Altman Institute for Entrepreneurship. During her college career Christie launched her own business in the MedTech space, winning multiple venture pitch competitions. Currie graduated summa cum laude at the top of the entrepreneurship class and was named Top Marketing Student in the Farmer School of Business. In 2019, Currie was named to Cincinnati 25 Under 25. Currie grew her MedTech venture Zandaland LLC and worked closely with large enterprises and healthcare systems. Currie and successfully partnered with a national non-profit to further build out the platform. Currie’s work in the startup community led her to the London-based corporate innovation firm, L Marks, where she led corporate organizations to identify strategic areas of need and successfully engage industry disrupting startups. Currie has mentored hundreds of these startups, coaching them on strategies to align their entrepreneurial solutions and technologies with the needs of specific corporate goals.
COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Our directors and executive officers have not received any compensation from us to date and have no current right to receive compensation from us.
Upon closing the current financing transaction, we may establish a compensation committee of the Board that will meet and decide the salary and other compensation of our board members and executive officers based on companies comparable to our size and valuation. Such compensation may include an equity incentive plan.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF MANAGEMENT AND CERTAIN SECURITY SHAREHOLDERS
The following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of our Common Stock as of July 31, 2021 of (i) each of our directors and executive officers; (ii) all our directors and executive officers as a group; and (iii) any other securityholder who beneficially owns more than 10% of any class of our voting securities. Unless otherwise specified, the address for each beneficial holder is 6515 Longshore Loop, Suite 100, Dublin, Ohio, 43017.
Title of Class |
Name and Address of the Beneficial Owner |
Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership | Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership Acquirables | Percent of Class | ||||||||||
Common Stock | ReAlpha Tech Corp | 40,000,000 | (1) | 0 | 100 | % |
(1) | Represents shares held of record by RealAlpha Tech Corp |
INTEREST OF MANaGEMENT AND OTHERS IN CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS
The following is a summary of transactions and currently proposed transactions since our inception where we were or will be a party in which the amount involved exceeds the lesser of (i) $120,000 and (ii) 1% of the average of our total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years, and in which any director, officer, promoter or beneficial holder of more than 10% of any class of our voting securities, or any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than possible compensation arrangements which are described in “Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers” above.
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Purchase of LLC Property Companies
On April 22, 2021 we acquired the membership interests held by our parent company ReAlpha Tech Corp in various limited liability companies, providing us with the indirect ownership of the properties owned by those limited liability companies, as described in more detail in “Our Property” in this Offering Circular. This purchase of membership interests was agreed upon for a price of $284,052.95, which included the underlying assets and liabilities of each LLC. The consideration was paid in the form of common stock at $0.01125 per share.
The amounts paid by the LLCs for their properties are described in “Our Properties” in this Offering Circular.
Master Services Agreement with ReAlpha Tech Corp
On April 28, 2021, the Company entered into a Master Services Agreement with ReAlpha Tech Corp as an overall legal framework under which the Company can contract with ReAlpha Tech Corp for services. The terms and conditions for the services to be provided by ReAlpha Tech Corp are to be implemented by means of statements of work. While we intend to enter into a statement of work for the management and government services that are being provided to us by ReAlpha Tech Corp, to date we have not entered into any statement of work.
Master Services Agreement with ReAlpha Operations, Inc.
On April 28, 2021, the Company entered into a Master Services Agreement with ReAlpha Operations, Inc. as an overall legal framework under which the Company may contract with ReAlpha Operations, Inc. for services, which include renovations, furnishing, Airbnb onboarding, and marketing the acquired properties. It is also responsible for cleaning, general maintenance, and guest services for those properties. Additionally, ReAlpha Operations, Inc. will be responsible for providing insurance, title management, and other administrative services.
Technology License Agreement
On April 28, 2021, the Company entered into a Technology License Agreement with ReAlpha Tech Corp providing it with an exclusive license to use the ReAlpha Score, ReAlpha BRAIN, M3, and ReAlpha Hub software programs in the United States. The term of the license continues until the Company is acquired by a third party, the Company survives a merger, or the Company breaches its obligations under the Technology License Agreement. The license is royalty free until 2024, at which time the Company will be required to pay license fees in an amount to be determined by agreement between the Company and ReAlpha Tech Corp.
General
The following description summarizes important terms of our common stock. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the provisions of our articles of incorporation and our bylaws, which have been filed as exhibits to the Offering Statement of which this Offering Circular is a part.
Our authorized capital stock consists of 50,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share.
As of July 31, 2021, 40,000,000 shares of common stock are issued and outstanding. No other classes of capital stock are authorized.
Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share on all matters voted upon by our shareholders, including the election of directors, and do not have cumulative voting rights. They are entitled to any dividends that may be declared by our board of directors. Holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in our net assets upon our dissolution or liquidation after payment or provision for all liabilities. Holders of our common stock have no preemptive rights to purchase shares of our stock. The shares of our common stock are not subject to redemption.
Voting
Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders. Any action at a meeting at which a quorum is present will be decided by a majority of the voting power present in person or represented by proxy, except in the case of any election of directors, which will be decided by a plurality of votes cast. There is no cumulative voting.
Dividend Rights
The holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors out of legally available funds. Any dividend declared by the board of directors must be equal, on a per share basis. The Company has never declared or paid cash dividends on any of its capital stock and currently does not anticipate paying any cash dividends after this Offering or in the foreseeable future.
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Liquidation Rights
In the event of a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company, the holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution to shareholders after the payment of debts and other liabilities of the Company.
Fully Paid and Nonassessable
All of our outstanding shares of common stock are, and the shares of common stock to be issued pursuant to this Offering will be, when paid for, fully paid and non-assessable.
The consolidated financial statements of our Company for the period ended April 30, 2021 have been audited by GBQ Partners LLC, an independent auditor, to the extent and for the periods set forth in their reports appearing elsewhere herein and in the Offering Statement, and are included in reliance on such reports, given the authority of said firm as an expert in auditing and accounting.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC an offering statement on Form 1-A under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of our common stock offered by this Offering Circular. This Offering Circular, which constitutes a part of the offering statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the offering statement, some items of which are contained in exhibits to the offering statement as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information with respect to us and our common stock, we refer you to the offering statement, including the exhibits filed as a part of the offering statement. Statements contained in this Offering Circular concerning the contents of any contract or document referred to are not necessarily complete. If a contract or document has been filed as an exhibit to the offering statement, please see the copy of the contract or document that has been filed. Each statement is this offering circular relating to a contract or document filed as an exhibit is qualified in all respects by the filed exhibit.
You may read and copy the offering statement, including the exhibits and schedules thereto, at the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference rooms by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about issuers, like us, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is www.sec.gov. We also maintain a website at www.realpha.com, at which you may access these materials free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Information contained on our website is not a part of this offering circular and the inclusion of our website address in this offering circular is an inactive textual reference only.
As a result of this Offering, we will become subject to the reporting requirements under Regulation A and, in accordance with this regulation, will file periodic reports, current reports, exit reports (if and when applicable), and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports, current reports, exit reports (if and when applicable), and other information will be available for inspection and copying at the SEC’s public reference facilities and the website of the SEC referred to above.
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ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Consolidated Financial Statements
Page | |
Independent Auditor’s Report | F-2 |
Consolidated Financial Statements: | |
Consolidated Balance Sheet | F-3 |
Consolidated Statement of Operations | F-4 |
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity | F-5 |
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows | F-6 |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-8 |
F-1
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Dublin, Ohio
Independent Auditor’s Report
Report on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”), which comprise the consolidated balance sheet as of April 30, 2021, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity, and of cash flows for the period from April 22, 2021 (inception) to April 30, 2021, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Management’s Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Auditor’s Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatements.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of April 30, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period from April 22, 2021 (inception) through April 30, 2021, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Emphasis of Matter Regarding Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company is newly formed and incurred operating losses and needs to raise additional funds to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter.
/S/ GBQ Partners LLC | |
Columbus, Ohio | |
May 4, 2021 |
F-2
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheet
April 30, 2021
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-3
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Operations
For the Period from April 22, 2021 (inception) to April 30, 2021
For the Period from
April 22, 2021 (inception) to April 30, 2021 |
||||
Rental Income | $ | 784 | ||
Expenses | ||||
Real estate taxes and insurance | 556 | |||
General and administrative expenses | 1,500 | |||
Depreciation and amortization | 832 | |||
Interest expense, net | 1,309 | |||
Total expenses | 4,197 | |||
Net Loss | (3,413 | ) | ||
Less: Net Loss Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests | (71 | ) | ||
Net Loss Attributable to ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. | $ | (3,342 | ) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-4
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity
For the Period from April 22, 2021 (inception) to April 30, 2021
Common
Stock |
Additional
Paid-in Capital |
Accumulated
Deficit |
ReAlpha Asset
Management, Inc. and Subsidiaries Equity |
Non-
Controlling Interest Members’ Equity |
Total
Shareholders’ Equity |
|||||||||||||||||||
Balance at April 22, 2021 (Inception) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||
Net loss | - | - | (3,342 | ) | (3,342 | ) | (71 | ) | (3,413 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Contributions | 40,000 | 410,000 | - | 450,000 | 25,000 | 475,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
Balance at April 30, 2021 | $ | 40,000 | 410,000 | $ | (3,342 | ) | $ | 446,658 | $ | 24,929 | $ | 471,587 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-5
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
For the Period from April 22, 2021 (inception) to April 30, 2021
For the Period
from April 22, 2021 (inception) to April 30, 2021 |
||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities | ||||
Net loss | $ | (3,413 | ) | |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash and restricted cash used in operating activities: | ||||
Depreciation and amortization | 832 | |||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||
Related party receivables | (4,718 | ) | ||
Other assets | (5,670 | ) | ||
Accrued expenses | 1,643 | |||
Total adjustments | (7,913 | ) | ||
Net cash and restricted cash used in operating activities | (11,326 | ) | ||
Cash Flows from Investing Activities | ||||
Acquisition of real estate investments | ||||
Additions to real estate investments | (98,189 | ) | ||
Net cash and restricted cash used in investing activities | (98,189 | ) | ||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities | ||||
Proceeds from issuance of on long-term debt | 98,000 | |||
Contributions | 344,735 | |||
Net cash and restricted cash provided by financing activities | 442,735 | |||
Net increase in cash and restricted cash | 333,220 | |||
Cash and Restricted Cash - Beginning of Year | - | |||
Cash and Restricted Cash - End of Year | $ | 333,220 | ||
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information | ||||
Cash paid for interest | $ | 23 | ||
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities | ||||
Contributions of property and equipment, net | $ | 1,039,591 | ||
Assumption of Long-term debt | 930,847 | |||
Contributions of non-cash assets and liabilities, net | 105,265 | |||
Transfer of capital injection from non-controlling interests of consolidated subsidiaries | 25,000 | |||
Reconciliation of Cash and Restricted Cash | ||||
Cash | $ | 108,172 | ||
Restricted cash | 225,048 | |||
Total cash and restricted cash | $ | 333,220 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-6
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
For the Period from April 22, 2021 (inception) to April 30, 2021
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities | ||||
Contributions of property and equipment, net | $ | 1,039,591 | ||
Assumption of long-term debt | 930,847 | |||
Contributions of non-cash assets and liabilities, net | 105,265 | |||
Transfer of capital from non-controlling interests of consolidated subsidiaries | 25,000 | |||
Reconciliation of Cash and Restricted Cash: | ||||
Cash | $ | 108,172 | ||
Restricted cash | 225,048 | |||
Total cash and restricted cash | $ | 333,220 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-7
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
April 30, 2021
NOTE 1: Nature of Operations
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. (ReAlpha), incorporated in Delaware on April 22, 2021, together with its subsidiaries described below are collectively referred to as “the Company”. The Company is primarily engaged in the business of the identification, acquisition, financing, marketing and management of short-term rental properties for the benefit of the Company’s members and shareholders.
The Company’s majority shareholder, ReAlpha Tech Corp, purchased part of the Company’s investment in real estate prior to the Company’s inception for $1,040,454. During the period ended April 30, 2021, the Company recognized $1,039,591 in contributions of assets from the majority shareholder and assumption of long term debt of $930,847.
As of April 30, 2021, the Company has the following subsidiaries:
Company Name |
Date of
Incorporation |
% of Ownership held by the Company |
Relationship
with the Company |
|||||
ReAlpha LLC Series 1 | December 18, 2020 | 75 | % | Subsidiary | ||||
ReAlpha LLC Series 2 | December 24, 2020 | 75 | % | Subsidiary | ||||
ReAlpha 503 North Patton LLC | February 18, 2021 | 100 | % | Subsidiary | ||||
ReAlpha 7 LLC | March 31, 2021 | 100 | % | Subsidiary |
NOTE 2: Going Concern
The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company commenced operations as of April 22, 2021, and has not yet realized its planned operations. The Company is dependent upon additional capital resources for full commencement of its planned operations and is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including failing to secure funding to commence the Company’s planned operations or failing to profitably operate the business.
Management believes that the Company will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future and will need equity or debt financing or will need to generate additional revenues from the property rental activity to sustain its operations until it can achieve profitability and positive cash flows. The Company intends to raise funds through various potential sources, such as equity or debt financings; however, the Company can provide no assurance that such financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If adequate financing is not available, the Company may be required to significantly curtail or cease its operations, and its business would be jeopardized.
Management has determined that these matters, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date these consolidated financial statements are issued. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
F-8
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
April 30, 2021
NOTE 3: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements under the accrual basis of accounting, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the rules and regulations of the SEC.
Principles of Consolidation
The Company consolidates entities when the Company owns, directly or indirectly, a majority interest in the entity or are otherwise able to control the entity. The Company consolidates variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation, if the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE as determined by the power to direct the VIE’s activities and the obligation to absorb its losses or the right to receive its benefits, which are potentially significant to the VIE. A VIE is broadly defined as an entity with one or more of the following characteristics: (a) the total equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance the entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support; (b) as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack (i) the ability to make decisions about the entity’s activities through voting or similar rights, (ii) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity, or (iii) the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity; or (c) the equity investors have voting rights that are not proportional to their economic interests, and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve, or are conducted on behalf of, an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Investment in Real Estate and Depreciation and Amortization
Real estate assets are carried at cost. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated lives of the assets (27.5 years for residential rental property and 5 years for furniture and fixtures). Major additions and betterments are capitalized and depreciated. Maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the estimated useful lives, are expensed as incurred. Upon disposal of assets, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss resulting from the disposal is recorded in the period of disposition in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.
Impairment Policy
The Company applies FASB ASC 360-10, “Property, Plant & Equipment,” to measure impairment in real estate investments. Rental properties are individually evaluated for impairment when conditions exist which may indicate that it is probable that the sum of expected future cash flows (on an undiscounted basis without interest) from a rental property is less than the carrying value under its historical net cost basis. These expected future cash flows consider factors such as future operating income, trends and prospects as well as the effects of leasing demand, competition and other factors. Upon determination that a permanent impairment has occurred, rental properties are reduced to their fair value. For properties to be disposed of, an impairment loss is recognized when the fair value of the property, less the estimated cost to sell, is less than the carrying amount of the property measured at the time there is a commitment to sell the property and/or it is actively being marketed for sale. A property to be disposed of is reported at the lower of its carrying amount or its estimated fair value, less its cost to sell. Subsequent to the date that a property is held for disposition, depreciation expense is not recorded. There were no such impairment adjustments during the period ended April 30, 2021.
F-9
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
April 30, 2021
NOTE 3: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Revenue Recognition
Revenues are recognized in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606 for revenue recognition. The Company recognizes revenues in a manner to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. The Company considers revenue realized or realizable and earned when all the five following criteria are met: (1) identification of the contract with a customer, (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determination of the transaction price, (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognition of revenue when (or as) performance obligations are satisfied.
Revenues primarily consist of short-term rental revenues, fee and other income and gains generated by the sale of properties. The Company has the following revenue sources and revenue recognition policies:
● | Short-term rental revenues include revenues from the rental of properties via Airbnb and such digital hospitality platforms. |
● | Fee and other income include late fees, violation fees and other revenue arising from contractual agreements with third parties. This revenue is recognized as the services are transferred in accordance with ASC 606 |
Deferred Financing Costs
Deferred financing costs represent loan fees, legal fees and other third-party costs associated with obtaining financing and are presented on the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the associated debt. These costs are amortized to interest expense over the terms of the respective financing agreements using the interest method. Unamortized deferred financing costs are generally expensed when the associated debt is refinanced or repaid before maturity unless specific rules are met that would allow for the carryover of such costs. Costs incurred in seeking financing transactions that do not close are expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not close.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Consistent with the treatment for emerging growth companies under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act, the Company has elected to delay the implementation of new accounting standards to the extent such standards provide for delayed implementation by non-public business entities.
New Accounting Standards Issued and Not Yet Adopted
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU 2016-13 requires that entities use a new forward looking “expected loss” model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for credit losses. The measurement of expected credit losses is based upon historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for annual reporting periods, including interim reporting periods within those periods, beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact this standard may have on the consolidated financial statements.
In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-01, “Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements.” ASU 2019-01 aligns the guidance for fair value of the underlying asset by lessors with existing guidance in Topic 842. The ASU requires that the fair value of the underlying asset at lease commencement is its cost reflecting in volume or trade discounts that may apply. However, if there has been a significant lapse of time between the date the asset was acquired and the lease commencement date, the definition of fair value as outlined in Topic 820 should be applied. In addition, the ASU exempts both lessees and lessors from having to provide certain interim disclosures in the fiscal year in which a company adopts the new leases standard. The update is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact this standard may have on the consolidated financial statements.
F-10
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
April 30, 2021
NOTE 3: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities by using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations.
If it is determined that the Company would be able to realize the deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, an adjustment would be made to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process in which (1) it is determined whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. The Company recognizes and interest and penalties, if any, with income tax expense in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.
Statements of Cash Flows
For the purpose of reporting cash flows, cash and restricted cash includes cash on hand and cash on deposit with financial institutions.
NOTE 4: Investment in Real Estate
Investment in real estate consisted of the following as of April 30, 2021:
Cost | Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization | Net Investment | ||||||||||
Land | $ | 106,166 | $ | - | $ | 106,166 | ||||||
Buildings and building improvements | 955,493 | (855 | ) | 954,638 | ||||||||
Furniture and fixtures | 12,367 | (172 | ) | 12,195 | ||||||||
Construction in-progress | 64,617 | - | 64,617 | |||||||||
Total investment in real estate | $ | 1,138,643 | $ | (1,027 | ) | $ | 1,137,616 |
Depreciation and amortization expense was $164 for the period from April 22, 2021 (inception) to April 30, 2021.
All investments in real estate as of April 30, 2021 were pledged as collateral for the Company’s secured long-term debt.
F-11
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
April 30, 2021
NOTE 5: Cash and Restricted Cash
The Company maintains its cash in one account with one financial institution, and cash balances may, at times, exceed federally insured limits.
During the closing on an investment in rental real estate property or real estate held for improvement transaction, the Company may place a cash deposit on the property being acquired or fund amounts into escrow. These deposits are placed before the closing process of the property is complete.
NOTE 6: Long-Term Debt
The Company has issued promissory notes payable to lenders related to the acquisition of properties. These promissory notes range from 8.49% to 12.0%, with 6 months to 1 year, as detailed below.
Long-term debt consisted of the following as of April 30, 2021:
F-12
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
April 30, 2021
NOTE 6: Long-Term Debt (continued)
Maturities of long-term debt as of April 30, 2021 are as follows:
2022 | $ | 704,110 | ||
2023 | 324,737 | |||
Less: unamortized loan costs | (20,853 | ) | ||
Total long-term debt, net | $ | 1,007,994 |
NOTE 7: Shareholders’ Equity
Common Stock
The Company is authorized to issue up to 50,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share. As of April 30, 2021, there were 40,000,000 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding.
NOTE 8: Related Party Transactions
ReAlpha has an Agreement with ReAlpha Tech Corp for their technologies and platforms.
ReAlpha has a receivable from ReAlpha Tech Corp for services rendered totaling $4,718 as of April 30, 2021. The receivable does not accrue interest. The Company anticipates collecting this amount in the following 12 months.
NOTE 9: Risks and Uncertainties
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the global novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. As of the date the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued, the Company’s operations have not been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the Company cannot reasonably estimate at this time the specific extent, duration, or full impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on its financial condition and operations.
NOTE 10: Subsequent Events
Management has evaluated subsequent events through the date of the Independent Auditor’s Report, the date on which the financial statements were available to be issued.
F-13
Up to 7,500,000 shares of Common Stock
OFFERING CIRCULAR
You should rely only on the information contained in this offering circular. No dealer, salesperson or other individual has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations that are not contained in this offering circular. If any such information or statements are given or made, you should not rely upon such information or representation. This offering circular does not constitute an offer to sell any securities other than those to which this offering circular relates, or an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, to any person in any jurisdiction where such an offer or solicitation would be unlawful. This offering circular speaks as of the date set forth above. You should not assume that the delivery of this offering circular or that any sale made pursuant to this offering circular implies that the information contained in this offering circular will remain fully accurate and correct as of any time subsequent to the date of this offering circular.
[DATE]
PART III – EXHIBITS
ITEM 16. INDEX TO EXHIBITS
* | Previously filed |
** | Filed herewith |
III-1
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Regulation A, the issuer certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 1-A and has duly caused this offering statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Dublin, State of Ohio, on August 30, 2021.
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc | ||
By: | /s/ Giri Devanur | |
Name: Giri Devanur | ||
Title: Chief Executive Officer | ||
By: | /s/ Mike Logozzo | |
Name: Mike Logozzo | ||
Title: Chief Financial Officer |
SIGNATURES AND POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Giri Devanur as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities (including his capacity as a director and/or officer of ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc.) to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this offering statement and any and all supplements thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as they, he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent or any of them, or their, his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
This offering statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated below:
Signature | Title | Date | ||
/s/ Giri Devanur | Chief Executive Officer | August 30, 2021 | ||
Giri Devanur | ||||
/s/ Mike Logozzo | Chief Financial Officer | August 30, 2021 | ||
Mike Logozzo | ||||
* | Director | August 30, 2021 | ||
Brent Crawford | ||||
/s/ Giri Devanur | Director | August 30, 2021 | ||
Giri Devanur | ||||
* | Director | August 30, 2021 | ||
Arthur Langer | ||||
* | Director | August 30, 2021 | ||
Brian Cole |
* By: | /s/ Giri Devanur | |
Giri Devanur, Attorney-in-Fact |
III-2
Exhibit 2.1
State of Delaware | ||
Secretary of State | ||
Division of Corporations | ||
Delivered 07:05 PM 08/12/2021 | AMENDED AND RESTATED | |
FILED 07:05 PM 08/12/2021 | CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF | |
SR 20212966149 - File Number 5863047 | REALPHA ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC., |
It is hereby certified that:
1. The present name of the corporation (hereinafter called the “Corporation”) is ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc., which is the name under which the Corporation was originally incorporated; and the date of filing of the original certificate of incorporation of the Corporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware was April 22, 2021.
2. The provisions of the certificate of incorporation of the Corporation are hereby amended and restated and integrated into the single instrument which is hereinafter set forth.
3. The amendment and restatement of the Corporation’s certificate of incorporation herein certified have been duly adopted in accordance with Sections 228, 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
4. The certificate of incorporation of the Corporation, as amended and restated herein, shall at the effective time of this amended and restated certificate of incorporation, read as follows:
ARTICLE I: NAME
The name of the corporation (the “Corporation”) is ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc.
ARTICLE II: AGENT FOR SERVICE OF PROCESS
The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is 3524 Silverside Road Suite 35B, Wilmington, DE 19810. The name of the registered agent of the Corporation at that address is Advantage Delaware LLC.
ARTICLE III: PURPOSE
The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
ARTICLE IV: AUTHORIZED STOCK
The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation has authority to issue is 50,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value of $0.001 per share. The holders of Common Stock shall exclusively possess all voting power and each share of Common Stock shall have one vote.
AMENDED AND RESTATED
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF
REALPHA ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC.,
ARTICLE V: AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS
The Board of Directors of the Corporation shall have the power to adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws of the Corporation; provided that any Bylaw adopted or amended by the Board of Directors, and any powers thereby conferred, may be amended, altered or repealed by the stockholders.
ARTICLE VI: VOTE BY BALLOT
Election of directors need not be by written ballot unless the Bylaws of the Corporation shall so provide.
ARTICLE VII: DIRECTOR LIABILITY
1. Limitation of Liability. To the fullest extent permitted by law, no director of the Corporation shall be personally liable for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. Without limiting the effect of the preceding sentence, if the Delaware General Corporation Law is hereafter amended to authorize the further elimination or limitation of the liability of a director, then the liability of a director of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as so amended.
2. Change in Rights. Neither any amendment nor repeal of this Article VII, nor the adoption of any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation inconsistent with this Article VII, shall eliminate, reduce or otherwise adversely affect any limitation on the personal liability of a director of the Corporation existing at the time of such amendment, repeal or adoption of such an inconsistent provision.
ARTICLE VIII: FORUM SELECTION
Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation, its directors, officers or employees arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or the Corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation, its directors, officers or employees governed by the internal affairs doctrine, except for, as to each of (i) through (iv) above, any claim as to which the Court of Chancery determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination), which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery, or for which the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction. If any provision or provisions of this Article VIII shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any person or entity or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Article VIII (including, without limitation, each portion of any sentence of this Article VIII containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) and the application of such provision to other persons or entities and circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
2
AMENDED AND RESTATED
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF
REALPHA ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC.,
ARTICLE IX: PREEMPTIVE RIGHTS
No stockholder of the Corporation has a right to purchase shares of capital stock of the Corporation sold or issued by the Corporation except to the extent that such a right may from time to time be set forth in a written agreement between the Corporation and the stockholder.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation has been duly executed on August 12, 2021.
REALPHA ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC. | |||
By: | /s/ Mike Logozzo | ||
Name: | Mike Logozzo | ||
Title: | Chief Financial Officer |
3
Exhibit 2.2
REALPHA ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC.
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
ARTICLE I - STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1. Annual Meeting.
An annual meeting of the stockholders, for the election of directors to succeed those whose terms expire and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting, shall be held at such place, if any, on such date, and at such time as the Board of Directors shall each year fix.
Section 2. Special Meetings.
Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes prescribed in the notice of the meeting, may be called by the Board of Directors or the chief executive officer and shall be held at such place, on such date, and at such time as they or he or she shall fix.
Section 3. Notice of Meetings.
Notice of the place, if any, date, and time of all meetings of the stockholders, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, and the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, if such date is different from the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, shall be given, not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date on which the meeting is to be held, to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, except as otherwise provided herein or required by law (meaning, here and hereinafter, as required from time to time by the Delaware General Corporation Law or the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation).
When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken; provided, however, that if the date of any adjourned meeting is more than 30 days after the date for which the meeting was originally noticed, notice of the place, if any, date, and time of the adjourned meeting and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting, shall be given to each stockholder in conformity herewith. If after the adjournment a new record date for stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board of Directors shall fix a new record date for notice of such adjourned meeting, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors and, except as otherwise required by law, shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such adjourned meeting, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such adjourned meeting as of the record date fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting. At any adjourned meeting, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the original meeting.
Section 4. Quorum.
At any meeting of the stockholders, the holders of a majority of the voting power of all of the shares of the stock entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for all purposes, unless or except to the extent that the presence of a larger number may be required by law or by the rules of any stock exchange upon which the Corporation's securities are listed. Where a separate vote by a class or classes or series is required, a majority of the voting power of the shares of such class or classes or series present in person or represented by proxy shall constitute a quorum entitled to take action with respect to that vote on that matter.
If a quorum shall fail to attend any meeting, the chairman of the meeting may adjourn the meeting to another place, if any, date, or time.
Section 5. Organization.
Such person as the Board of Directors may have designated or, in the absence of such a person, the Chairman of the Board or, in his or her absence, the President of the Corporation or, in his or her absence, such person as may be chosen by the holders of a majority of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote who are present, in person or by proxy, shall call to order any meeting of the stockholders and act as chairman of the meeting. In the absence of the Secretary of the Corporation, the secretary of the meeting shall be such person as the chairman of the meeting appoints.
Section 6. Conduct of Business.
The chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall determine the order of business and the procedure at the meeting, including such regulation of the manner of voting and the conduct of discussion as seem to him or her in order. The chairman shall have the power to adjourn the meeting to another place, if any, date and time. The date and time of the opening and closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at the meeting shall be announced at the meeting.
Section 7. Proxies and Voting.
At any meeting of the stockholders, every stockholder entitled to vote may vote in person or by proxy authorized by an instrument in writing or by a transmission permitted by law filed in accordance with the procedure established for the meeting. Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the writing or transmission created pursuant to this paragraph may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing or transmission for any and all purposes for which the original writing or transmission could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing or transmission.
2
The Corporation may, and to the extent required by law, shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. The Corporation may designate one or more alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting may, and to the extent required by law, shall, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. Every vote taken by ballots shall be counted by a duly appointed inspector or inspectors.
All elections of directors shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast, and except as otherwise required by law or the rules of any stock exchange upon which the Corporation's securities are listed, all other matters shall be determined by a majority of the votes cast affirmatively or negatively.
Section 8. Stock List.
The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall, at least 10 days before every meeting of stockholders, prepare and make a complete list of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders, provided, however, if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than 10 days before the meeting date, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the 10th day before the meeting date, arranged in alphabetical order for each class of stock and showing the address of each such stockholder and the number of shares registered in his or her name. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting in the manner provided by law.
A stock list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting as provided by law. This list shall presumptively determine (a) the identity of the stockholders entitled to examine such stock list and to vote at the meeting and (b) the number of shares held by each of them.
Section 9. Consent of Stockholders in Lieu of Meeting.
Any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to the Corporation's registered office shall be made by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.
Any copy, facsimile or other reliable reproduction of a consent in writing may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any and all purposes for which the original writing could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing.
3
ARTICLE II - BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 1. Number, Election and Term of Directors.
The number of directors who shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be such number as the Board of Directors shall from time to time have designated. Each director shall be elected for a term of one year and until his or her successor is elected and qualified, except as otherwise provided herein or required by law.
Section 2. Newly Created Directorships and Vacancies.
Newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors or any vacancies in the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal from office or other cause may be filled by a majority vote of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum.
Section 3. Regular Meetings.
Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such place or places, on such date or dates, and at such time or times as shall have been established by the Board of Directors and publicized among all directors. A notice of each regular meeting shall not be required.
Section 4. Special Meetings.
Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board, the President or by a majority of the directors then in office and shall be held at such place, on such date, and at such time as they or he or she shall fix. Notice of the place, date, and time of each such special meeting shall be given to each director by whom it is not waived by mailing written notice not less than five days before the meeting or by telephone or by telegraphing or telexing or by facsimile or electronic transmission of the same not less than 24 hours before the meeting. Unless otherwise indicated in the notice thereof, any and all business may be transacted at a special meeting.
Section 5. Quorum.
At any meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the total number of directors then in office shall constitute a quorum for all purposes. If a quorum shall fail to attend any meeting, a majority of those present may adjourn the meeting to another place, date, or time, without further notice or waiver thereof.
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Section 6. Participation in Meetings By Conference Telephone.
Members of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may participate in a meeting of such Board of Directors or committee by means of conference, telephone, or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other and such participation shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
Section 7. Conduct of Business.
At any meeting of the Board of Directors, business shall be transacted in such order and manner as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine, and all matters shall be determined by the vote of a majority of the directors present, except as otherwise provided herein or required by law. Action may be taken by the Board of Directors without a meeting if all members thereof consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.
Section 8. Compensation of Directors.
Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of the directors. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or paid a stated salary or paid other compensation as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed compensation for attending committee meetings.
ARTICLE III - COMMITTEES
Section 1. Committees of the Board of Directors.
The Board of Directors may from time to time designate committees of the Board of Directors, with such lawfully delegable powers and duties as it thereby confers, to serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors and shall, for those committees and any others provided for herein, elect a director or directors to serve as the member or members, designating, if it desires, other directors as alternate members who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of any member of any committee and any alternate member in his or her place, the member or members of the committee present at the meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or she or they constitute a quorum, may by unanimous vote appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of the absent or disqualified member.
Section 2. Conduct of Business.
Each committee may determine the procedural rules for meeting and conducting its business and shall act in accordance therewith, except as otherwise provided herein or required by law. Adequate provision shall be made for notice to members of all meetings; one-third of the members shall constitute a quorum unless the committee shall consist of one or two members, in which event one member shall constitute a quorum; and all matters shall be determined by a majority vote of the members present. Action may be taken by any committee without a meeting if all members thereof consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of the proceedings of such committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.
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ARTICLE IV - OFFICERS
Section 1. Generally.
The officers of the Corporation shall consist of a Chairman of the Board, a Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Operating Officer, a Secretary, a Treasurer and such other officers as may from time to time be appointed by the Board of Directors. Officers shall be elected by the Board of Directors, which shall consider that subject at its first meeting after every annual meeting of stockholders. Each officer shall hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. The salaries of officers elected by the Board of Directors shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors or by such officers as may be designated by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 2. Authority and Duties of Officers.
All officers of the Corporation shall respectively have such authority and perform such duties in the management of the business of the Corporation as may be provided herein or designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and, to the extent not so provided, as generally pertain to their respective offices, subject to the oversight of the Board.
Section 7. Delegation of Authority.
The Board of Directors may from time to time delegate the powers or duties of any officer to any other officers or agents, notwithstanding any provision hereof.
Section 8. Removal.
Any officer of the Corporation may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the Board of Directors.
Section 9. Action with Respect to Securities of Other Corporations.
Unless otherwise directed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or any officer of the Corporation authorized by the Chief Executive Officer shall have power to vote and otherwise act on behalf of the Corporation, in person or by proxy, at any meeting of stockholders of or with respect to any action of stockholders of any other corporation in which this Corporation may hold securities and otherwise to exercise any and all rights and powers which this Corporation may possess by reason of its ownership of securities in such other corporation.
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ARTICLE V - STOCK
Section 1. Certificates of Stock.
The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board by resolution may provide that some or all of the shares of any class or series of stock of the Corporation shall be uncertificated. Each holder of stock represented by certificates shall be entitled to a certificate signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Operating Officer or a Vice-President and by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, certifying the number of shares owned by such holder. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be by facsimile.
Section 2. Transfers of Stock.
Transfers of stock shall be made only upon the transfer books of the Corporation kept at an office of the Corporation or by transfer agents designated to transfer shares of the stock of the Corporation. Except where a certificate is issued in accordance with Section 4 of Article V of these Bylaws, an outstanding certificate for the number of shares involved, if one has been issued, shall be surrendered for cancellation before a new certificate, if any, is issued therefor.
Section 3. Record Date.
In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may, except as otherwise required by law, fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting. If the Board of Directors so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board of Directors determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Section 3 at the adjourned meeting.
In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
Section 4. Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates.
In the event of the loss, theft or destruction of any certificate of stock, another may be issued in its place pursuant to such regulations as the Board of Directors may establish concerning proof of such loss, theft or destruction and concerning the giving of a satisfactory bond or bonds of indemnity.
Section 5. Regulations.
The issue, transfer, conversion and registration of certificates of stock shall be governed by such other regulations as the Board of Directors may establish.
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ARTICLE VI - NOTICES
Section 1. Notices.
If mailed, notice to stockholders shall be deemed given when deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at such stockholder's address as it appears on the records of the Corporation. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders may be given by electronic transmission in the manner provided in Section 232 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.
Section 2. Waivers.
A written waiver of any notice, signed by a stockholder or director, or waiver by electronic transmission by such person, whether given before or after the time of the event for which notice is to be given, shall be deemed equivalent to the notice required to be given to such person. Neither the business nor the purpose of any meeting need be specified in such a waiver. Attendance at any meeting shall constitute waiver of notice except attendance for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
ARTICLE VII - MISCELLANEOUS
Section 1. Facsimile Signatures.
In addition to the provisions for use of facsimile signatures elsewhere specifically authorized in these Bylaws, facsimile signatures of any officer or officers of the Corporation may be used whenever and as authorized by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof.
Section 2. Corporate Seal.
The Board of Directors may provide a suitable seal, containing the name of the Corporation, which seal shall be in the charge of the Secretary. If and when so directed by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof, duplicates of the seal may be kept and used by the Treasurer or by an Assistant Secretary or Assistant Treasurer.
Section 3. Reliance upon Books, Reports and Records.
Each director, each member of any committee designated by the Board of Directors, and each officer of the Corporation shall, in the performance of his or her duties, be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the books of account or other records of the Corporation and upon such information, opinions, reports or statements presented to the Corporation by any of its officers or employees, or committees of the Board of Directors so designated, or by any other person as to matters which such director or committee member reasonably believes are within such other person's professional or expert competence and who has been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of the Corporation.
Section 4. Fiscal Year.
The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be as fixed by the Board of Directors.
Section 5. Time Periods.
In applying any provision of these Bylaws which requires that an act be done or not be done a specified number of days prior to an event or that an act be done during a period of a specified number of days prior to an event, calendar days shall be used, the day of the doing of the act shall be excluded, and the day of the event shall be included.
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ARTICLE VIII - INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
Section 1. Right to Indemnification.
Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or an officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer or trustee of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (hereinafter an “indemnitee”), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer or trustee or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer or trustee, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than such law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment), against all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such indemnitee in connection therewith; provided, however, that, except as provided in Section 3 of this Article VIII with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, the Corporation shall indemnify any such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
Section 2. Right to Advancement of Expenses.
In addition to the right to indemnification conferred in Section 1 of this Article VIII, an indemnitee shall also have the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses (including attorney's fees) incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition (hereinafter an “advancement of expenses”); provided, however, that, if the Delaware General Corporation Law requires, an advancement of expenses incurred by an indemnitee in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such indemnitee, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking (hereinafter an “undertaking”), by or on behalf of such indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal (hereinafter a “final adjudication”) that such indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses under this Section 2 or otherwise.
Section 3. Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit.
If a claim under Section 1 or 2 of this Article VIII is not paid in full by the Corporation within 60 days after a written claim has been received by the Corporation, except in the case of a claim for an advancement of expenses, in which case the applicable period shall be 20 days, the indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim. To the fullest extent permitted by law, if successful in whole or in part in any such suit, or in a suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. In (i) any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses) it shall be a defense that, and (ii) in any suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Corporation shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that, the indemnitee has not met any applicable standard for indemnification set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit that indemnification of the indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit brought by the indemnitee, be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, or brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Article VIII or otherwise shall be on the Corporation.
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Section 4. Non-Exclusivity of Rights.
The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses conferred in this Article VIII shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, the Corporation's Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or directors or otherwise.
Section 5. Insurance.
The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the Delaware General Corporation Law.
Section 6. Indemnification of Employees and Agents of the Corporation.
The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board of Directors, grant rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses to any employee or agent of the Corporation to the fullest extent of the provisions of this Article with respect to the indemnification and advancement of expenses of directors and officers of the Corporation.
Section 7. Nature of Rights.
The rights conferred upon indemnitees in this Article VIII shall be contract rights and such rights shall continue as to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer or trustee and shall inure to the benefit of the indemnitee's heirs, executors and administrators. Any amendment, alteration or repeal of this Article VIII that adversely affects any right of an indemnitee or its successors shall be prospective only and shall not limit, eliminate, or impair any such right with respect to any proceeding involving any occurrence or alleged occurrence of any action or omission to act that took place prior to such amendment or repeal.
ARTICLE IX - AMENDMENTS
In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by law, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt, amend and repeal these Bylaws subject to the power of the holders of capital stock of the Corporation to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws.
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Exhibit 4.1
THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”), OR ANY STATUTES OR REGULATIONS OF NON-U.S. JURISDICTIONS OR ANY STATE SECURITIES OR BLUE SKY LAWS, AND ARE BEING OFFERED AND SOLD IN RELIANCE ON EXEMPTIONS FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES OR BLUE SKY LAWS. ALTHOUGH AN OFFERING CIRCULAR ON FORM 1-A FOR A REGULATION A, TIER 2 OFFERING HAS BEEN FILED AND QUALIFIED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (THE “SEC”), THAT OFFERING STATEMENT DOES NOT INCLUDE THE SAME INFORMATION THAT WOULD BE INCLUDED IN A REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE ACT.
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT
THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT (this “Agreement” or this “Subscription”) is made and entered into as of [ , 20 ], by and between the undersigned (the “Subscriber”) and ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), with reference to the facts set forth below.
WHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Subscriber wishes to irrevocably subscribe for and purchase (subject to acceptance of such subscription by the Company) certain shares (the “Shares”) of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”) of the Company, as more particularly set forth in Section 1 and on the signature page hereto, offered pursuant to that certain Offering Circular incorporated in the Company’s Form 1-A filed and qualified with the SEC effective [ , 20 ] (the “Offering Circular”).
NOW, THEREFORE, in order to implement the foregoing, and in consideration of the mutual representations, warranties, covenants and agreements contained herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. Subscription for Shares.
1.1 Subject to the express terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Subscriber hereby irrevocably subscribes for and agrees to purchase the number of Shares, at a price of US $10.00 per Share (the “Purchase”), for the aggregate purchase price (the “Purchase Price”) set forth on the signature page to this Agreement.
1.2 The offering of Shares is described in the Offering Circular, which is available at [insert URL for the filing available on the Company’s website], as well as on the EDGAR website of the SEC. Please read this Agreement and the Offering Circular. While they are subject to change, as described below, the Company advises the Subscriber to print and retain a copy of these documents for the Subscriber’s records. By signing below, the Subscriber agrees to the terms set forth herein and consents to receive communications relating to the Shares electronically from the Company.
1.3 The Company has the right to reject this Subscription in whole or in part for any reason. The Subscriber may not cancel, terminate or revoke this Agreement, which, in the case of an individual, shall survive the Subscriber’s death or disability and shall be binding upon the Subscriber and the Subscriber’s heirs, trustees, beneficiaries, executors, personal or legal administrators or representatives, successors, transferees and assigns.
1.4 Once the Subscriber makes a funding commitment to purchase Shares, such commitment shall be irrevocable until the Shares are issued, the Purchase is rejected by the Company, or the Company otherwise determines not to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
1.5 Upon acceptance of this Subscription by the Company, the Subscriber will become a stockholder of the Company as a holder of Common Stock.
2. Purchase of Shares.
2.1 The Subscriber understands that the Purchase Price is payable with the execution and submission of this Agreement, and accordingly, will submit payment in the amount of the Purchase Price to the Company by certified check or wire transfer of immediately available funds drawn on a United States bank in accordance with the banking instructions to be provided to the Subscriber upon execution and delivery of this Agreement to the Company.
2.2 If the Company returns the Subscriber’s Purchase Price to the Subscriber, the Company will not owe or pay any interest to the Subscriber.
2.3 If this Subscription is accepted by the Company, the Subscriber agrees to comply fully with the terms of this Agreement, the Shares, and all other applicable documents or instruments of the Company. The Subscriber further agrees to execute any other necessary documents or instruments in connection with this Subscription and the Subscriber’s purchase of the Shares.
2.4 In the event that this Subscription is rejected in full or the offering is terminated, payment made by the Subscriber for the Shares will be refunded to the Subscriber without interest and without deduction, and all of the obligations of the Subscriber hereunder shall terminate. To the extent that this Subscription is rejected in part, the Company shall refund to the Subscriber any payment made by the Subscriber to the Company with respect to the rejected portion of this Subscription, without interest and without deduction, and all of the obligations of Subscriber hereunder shall remain in full force and effect except for those obligations with respect to the rejected portion of this Subscription, which shall terminate.
3. Investment Representations and Warranties of the Subscriber. The Subscriber represents and warrants to the Company the following:
3.1 The information that the Subscriber has furnished herein, including, without limitation, the information set forth in the Investor Questionnaire attached hereto as Annex A, which has been completed by the Subscriber and submitted herewith to the Company, and any other information furnished by the Subscriber to the Company regarding whether the Subscriber qualifies as (i) an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501 under Regulation D (“Regulation D”) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), which definition is set forth on Annex B attached hereto, and/or (ii) a “qualified purchaser” as that term is defined in Regulation A promulgated under the Act, is correct and complete as of the date of this Agreement and will be correct and complete on the date, if any, that the Company accepts this Subscription. Further, the Subscriber shall immediately notify the Company of any change in any statement made herein prior to the Subscriber’s receipt of the Company’s acceptance of this Subscription, including, without limitation, the Subscriber’s status as an “accredited investor” and/or “qualified purchaser.” The representations and warranties made by the Subscriber herein may be fully relied upon by the Company and by any investigating party relying on them. The Subscriber (a) is an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501 under Regulation D, which definition is set forth on Annex B attached hereto, or (b) if the Subscriber is not an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501 under Regulation D, the amount of Shares being purchased by the Subscriber does not exceed 10% of the greater of the Subscriber’s (i) annual income or net worth (for natural persons), or (ii) revenue or net assets at the most recent fiscal year-end (for non-natural persons). The Subscriber agrees to provide to the Company any additional documentation the Company may reasonably request, including, in addition to the Investor Questionnaire attached hereto as Annex A, any other documentation as may be required by the Company to form a reasonable basis that the Subscriber qualifies as an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501 under Regulation D promulgated under the Act.
3.2 The Subscriber, if an entity, is, and shall at all times while it holds Common Stock remain, duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the state or other jurisdiction of the United States (or non-U.S. country) of its incorporation or organization, having full power and authority to own its properties and to carry on its business as conducted. The Subscriber, if a natural person, is eighteen (18) years of age or older and competent to enter into a contractual obligation. The principal place of business or principal residence of the Subscriber is as shown on the signature page to this Agreement.
3.3 The Subscriber has the requisite power and authority to deliver this Agreement, perform his, her or its obligations set forth herein, and consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The Subscriber has duly executed and delivered this Agreement and has obtained the necessary authorization to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform his, her or its obligations herein and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement, assuming the due execution and delivery hereof by the Company, is a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Subscriber, enforceable against the Subscriber in accordance with its terms.
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3.4 At no time has it been expressly or implicitly represented, guaranteed or warranted to the Subscriber by the Company or any other person that:
(a) A percentage of profit and/or amount or type of gain or other consideration will be realized as a result of this investment; or
(b) The past performance or experience on the part of the Company and/or its officers or directors in any way indicates the predictable or probable results of the ownership of the Shares or the overall Company venture.
3.5 The Subscriber has received and reviewed this Agreement and the Offering Circular. The Subscriber and/or the Subscriber’s advisors, who are not affiliated with and not compensated directly or indirectly by the Company or any affiliate thereof, have such knowledge and experience in business and financial matters as will enable them to utilize the information which they have received regarding the Company and its business to evaluate the merits and risks of this investment, to make an informed investment decision and to protect the Subscriber’s own interests in connection with the Purchase.
3.6 The Subscriber understands that the Shares being purchased are a speculative investment which involves a substantial degree of risk of loss of the Subscriber’s entire investment in the Shares, and the Subscriber understands and is fully cognizant of the risk factors related to the purchase of the Shares. The Subscriber has read, reviewed and understood the risk factors set forth in the Offering Circular.
3.7 The Subscriber understands that any forecasts or predictions as to the Company’s performance are based on estimates, assumptions and forecasts that the Company believes to be reasonable but that may prove to be materially incorrect, and no assurance can be given that actual results will correspond with the results contemplated by the various forecasts.
3.8 The Subscriber is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Shares being purchased and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, is able to hold the Shares purchased for an indefinite period of time. The Subscriber has adequate means to provide for the Subscriber’s current needs and personal contingencies and has a sufficient net worth to sustain the loss of the Subscriber’s entire investment in the Company.
3.9 The Subscriber has had an opportunity to ask questions of the Company or anyone acting on behalf of the Company and to receive answers concerning the terms of this Agreement and the Shares, as well as information about the Company and its business generally, and to obtain any additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense, that is necessary to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this Agreement. Further, all such questions have been answered to the full satisfaction of the Subscriber.
3.10 The Subscriber understands that no state or federal authority in the United States or authority outside the United States has scrutinized the terms of this Agreement or the Shares offered pursuant hereto, has made any finding or determination relating to the fairness of an investment of the Shares, or has recommended or endorsed the Shares, and that the Shares have not been registered under the Act or any state securities laws, in reliance upon exemptions from registration thereunder.
3.11 The Subscriber is subscribing for and purchasing the Shares without being furnished any offering materials, other than the Offering Circular and this Agreement with the Annexes hereto, and such other related documents, agreements or instruments as may be attached to the foregoing documents as exhibits or supplements thereto, or as the Subscriber has otherwise requested from the Company in writing, and without receiving any representations or warranties from the Company or its agents and representatives other than the representations and warranties contained in said documents, and is making this investment decision solely in reliance upon the information contained in said documents and upon any independent investigation made by the Subscriber or the Subscriber’s advisors.
3.12 The Subscriber’s true and correct full legal name, address of residence (or, if an entity, principal place of business), phone number, electronic mail address, United States taxpayer identification number, if any, and other contact information are accurately provided on the signature page hereto. The Subscriber is currently a bona fide resident of the state or jurisdiction set forth in the address provided to the Company on the signature page hereto. The Subscriber has no present intention of becoming a resident of any other state or jurisdiction.
3.13 The Subscriber is subscribing for and purchasing the Shares as a principal and solely for the Subscriber’s own account, for investment purposes only, and not with a view toward or in connection with resale, distribution (other than to its shareholders or members, if any), subdivision or fractionalization thereof. The Subscriber has no agreement or other arrangement, formal or informal, with any person or entity to sell, transfer or pledge any part of the Shares, or which would guarantee the Subscriber any profit, or insure against any loss with respect to the Shares, and the Subscriber has no plans to enter into any such agreement or arrangement.
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3.14 The execution and delivery of this Agreement, the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, and the performance of the obligations hereunder will not conflict with or result in any violation of or default under any provision of any other agreement or instrument to which the Subscriber is a party or any license, permit, franchise, judgment, order, writ or decree, or any statute, rule or regulation, applicable to the Subscriber. The Subscriber confirms that the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein, including, but not limited to, the Subscriber’s Purchase, will not violate any foreign law and that such transactions are lawful in the Subscriber’s country of citizenship and residence.
3.15 The Company’s intent is to comply with all applicable federal, state and local laws designed to combat money laundering and similar illegal activities, including the provisions of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “PATRIOT Act”). The Subscriber agrees that, if at any time it is discovered that the Company has been or may be found to have violated the PATRIOT Act or any other anti-money laundering laws or regulations as a result of the Purchase or receipt of the Purchase Price, or if otherwise required by applicable laws or regulations, the Company may undertake appropriate actions, and the Subscriber agrees to cooperate with such actions, to ensure compliance with such laws or regulations, including, but not limited to, segregation and/or redemption of the Subscriber’s interest in the Shares. The Subscriber agrees to provide any and all documentation requested by the Company to ensure compliance with the PATRIOT Act or other laws or regulations.
3.16 The Subscriber confirms that the Subscriber has been advised to consult with the Subscriber’s independent attorney regarding legal matters concerning the Company, and to consult with independent tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of investing in the Company.
3.17 If the Subscriber is not a United States person (as defined by Section 7701(a)(30) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended), the Subscriber hereby represents that the Subscriber has satisfied itself as to the full observance of the laws of its jurisdiction in connection with any invitation to subscribe for the Shares or any use of this Agreement, including (i) the legal requirements within its jurisdiction for the purchase of the Shares, (ii) any foreign exchange restrictions applicable to such purchase, (iii) any governmental or other consents that may need to be obtained, and (iv) the income tax and other tax consequences, if any, that may be relevant to the purchase, holding, redemption, sale, or transfer of the Shares. The Subscriber’s subscription for, purchase of, and continued beneficial ownership of the Shares will not violate any applicable securities or other laws of the Subscriber’s jurisdiction.
3.18 The Subscriber acknowledges that the purchase price per Share to be sold in this offering was set by the Company without a valuation and no warranties are made as to value. The Subscriber further acknowledges that future offerings of securities of the Company may be made at lower valuations, with the result that the Subscriber’s investment will bear a lower valuation.
4. Indemnification. The representations, warranties and covenants made by the Subscriber herein shall survive the closing of the Purchase. The Subscriber agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its affiliates and each of their respective officers, directors, employees, agents and representatives, and each other person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act, against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever (including, but not limited to, any and all reasonable attorneys’ fees, including attorneys’ fees on appeal) and expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any false representation or warranty or breach or failure by the Subscriber to comply with any covenant or agreement made by the Subscriber herein or in any other document furnished by the Subscriber to any of the foregoing in connection with this transaction.
5. No Advisory Relationship. The Subscriber acknowledges and agrees that the purchase and sale of the Shares pursuant to this Agreement is an arms-length transaction between the Subscriber and the Company. The Company is not acting as the Subscriber’s agent or fiduciary in connection with the Purchase. The Company has not provided the Subscriber with any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the Shares, and the Subscriber has consulted his, her or its own respective legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent the Subscriber has deemed appropriate.
6. Bankruptcy. In the event that the Subscriber files or enters a bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar proceeding, the Subscriber agrees to use his, her or its best efforts to avoid the Company being named as a party or otherwise involved in the proceeding. Furthermore, this Agreement shall be interpreted so as to prevent, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, any bankruptcy trustee, receiver or debtor-in-possession from asserting, requiring or seeking that (i) the Subscriber be allowed by the Company to return any part of the Shares to the Company for a refund or (ii) the Company be mandated or ordered to redeem or withdraw any part of the Shares held or owned by the Subscriber.
7. Legends. It is understood that the certificates evidencing the Shares may bear any legend required by the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the Company or applicable state or federal securities laws in the United States, or by other laws and regulations of the non-U.S. jurisdiction where the Subscriber is resident or domiciled.
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8. Consent to Electronic Delivery.
8.1 The Subscriber hereby agrees that the Company may deliver all SEC reports, including offering circulars, exhibits, supplements, legends, notices, financial statements, valuations, reports, reviews, analyses or other materials, and any and all other documents, information and communications concerning the affairs of the Company and its investments, including, without limitation, information about the investment required or permitted to be provided to the Subscriber with respect to the Shares or hereunder, by means of e-mail or by posting on an electronic message board or by other means of electronic communication. The Subscriber hereby consents to receive from the Company electronically all documents, communications, notices, contracts, and agreements arising from or relating in any way to the Subscriber’s or the Company’s rights, obligations or services under this Agreement (each, a “Disclosure”). The decision to do business with the Company electronically is the Subscriber’s decision. This Agreement informs the Subscriber of its rights concerning Disclosures.
8.2 The Subscriber’s consent to receive Disclosures and transact business electronically, and the Company’s agreement to do so, applies to any transactions to which such Disclosures relate.
8.3 Before the Subscriber decides to do business electronically with the Company, the Subscriber should consider whether he, she or it has the required hardware and software capabilities described below.
8.4 In order to access and retain Disclosures electronically, the Subscriber must satisfy the following computer hardware and software requirements: access to the Internet; an e-mail account and related software capable of receiving e-mail through the Internet; a web browser which is SSL-compliant and supports secure sessions; and hardware capable of running this software.
8.5 The Subscriber agrees to keep the Company informed of any change in the Subscriber’s e-mail or home mailing address. If the Subscriber’s registered e-mail address changes, the Subscriber must notify the Company of the change by sending an e-mail to [ ]. The Subscriber also agrees to update the Subscriber’s registered residence address and telephone number on file with the Company if they change. The Subscriber will print a copy of this Agreement for his, her or its records, and the Subscriber agrees and acknowledges that the Subscriber can access, receive and retain all Disclosures electronically sent via e-mail.
9. Lock Up.
9.1 Agreement. The Subscriber, if requested by the Company and the lead underwriter (the “Lead Underwriter”) of any underwritten or Regulation A offering of securities of the Company under the Act, hereby irrevocably agrees not to sell, contract to sell, grant any option to purchase, transfer the economic risk of ownership in, make any short sale of, pledge or otherwise transfer or dispose of any interest in the Shares or any other securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for or any other rights to purchase or acquire Common Stock (except Common Stock included in such offering or acquired on the public market after such offering) during the 180-day period following the effective date of a registration statement or offering statement of the Company filed under the Act, or such shorter or longer period of time as the Lead Underwriter shall specify. The Subscriber further agrees to sign such documents as may be requested by the Lead Underwriter to effect the foregoing and agrees that the Company may impose stop-transfer instructions with respect to such Common Stock subject to the lock-up period until the end of such period. The Company and the Subscriber acknowledge that each Lead Underwriter of such offering of the Company’s securities, during the period of such offering and for the lock-up period thereafter, is an intended beneficiary of this Section 9.
9.2 No Amendment Without Consent of Underwriter. During the period from identification of a Lead Underwriter in connection with any offering of the Company’s Common Stock specified in Section 9.1until the earlier of (i) the expiration of the lock-up period specified in Section 9.1 in connection with such offering or (ii) the abandonment of such offering by the Company and the Lead Underwriter, the provisions of this Section 9 may not be amended or waived except with the consent of the Lead Underwriter.
10. Limitations on Damages. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COMPANY BE LIABLE TO THE SUBSCRIBER FOR ANY LOST PROFITS OR SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, EVEN IF INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING SHALL BE INTERPRETED AND HAVE EFFECT TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, RULE OR REGULATION.
11. Miscellaneous Provisions.
11.1 This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the internal laws of the State of Delaware without giving effect to any choice of law rule that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the internal laws of the State of Delaware to the rights and duties of the parties. Subject to applicable law, each of the parties hereby irrevocably and unconditionally (a) submits, for itself and its property, to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Delaware and of the United States District Court for the State of Delaware and any appellate court from any thereof for the purpose of any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of or based upon this Agreement, (b) agrees not to commence any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of or based upon this Agreement except in the courts of the State of Delaware and of the United States District Court for the State of Delaware, and (c) waives, and agrees not to assert, by way of motion, as a defense, or otherwise, in any such suit, action or proceeding, any claim that such party is not subject personally to the jurisdiction of the above-named courts, that such party’s property is exempt or immune from attachment or execution, that the suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of the suit, action or proceeding is improper, or that this Agreement or the subject matter hereof may not be enforced in or by such court. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything to the contrary, the Subscriber and Company agree that no provisions under federal laws and regulations, including the Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, respective to jurisdiction, venue and/or forum, shall be waived. Each of the parties hereto irrevocably consents to service of process in the manner provided for notices in Section11.2.
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11.2 EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY).
11.3 All notices and communications to be given or otherwise made to the Subscriber shall be deemed to be sufficient if sent by electronic mail to such address as set forth for the Subscriber in the records of the Company (or provided to the Company on the signature page hereto). The Subscriber shall send all notices or other communications required to be given hereunder to the Company via e-mail to [ ], with a copy to be sent concurrently via prepaid certified mail to: [ ], Attention: [ ]. Any such notice or communication shall be deemed to have been delivered and received on the first business day following that on which the electronic mail has been sent (assuming that there is no error in delivery). As used in this Section, “business day” shall mean any day other than a day on which banking institutions in the State of Nevada are legally closed for business.
11.4 This Agreement, and the rights, obligations and interests of the Subscriber hereunder, may not be assigned, transferred or delegated by the Subscriber without the prior written consent of the Company. Any such assignment, transfer or delegation in violation of this Section shall be null and void.
11.5 The parties agree to execute and deliver such further documents and information as may be reasonably required in order to effectuate the purposes of this Agreement.
11.6 Any term of this Agreement may be amended, and the observance of any term of this Agreement may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or prospectively), only with the written consent of each of the parties hereto.
11.7 If one or more provisions of this Agreement are held to be unenforceable under applicable law, rule or regulation, such provision shall be excluded from this Agreement and the balance of the Agreement shall be interpreted as if such provision were so excluded and shall otherwise be enforceable in accordance with its terms.
11.8 In the event that either party hereto shall commence any suit, action or other proceeding to interpret this Agreement or enforce any right or obligation created hereby, then such party, if it prevails in such action, shall recover its reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection therewith, including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses and costs of appeal, if any.
11.9 This Agreement and the documents referred to herein constitute the entire agreement among the parties and shall constitute the sole documents setting forth the terms and conditions of the Subscriber’s contractual relationship with the Company with regard to the matters set forth herein. This Agreement supersedes any and all prior or contemporaneous communications, whether oral, written or electronic, between the Company and the Subscriber with respect to the subject matter hereof.
11.10 This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, or facsimile counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
11.11 The titles and subtitles used in this Agreement are used for convenience only and are not to be considered in construing or interpreting this Agreement. The singular number or masculine gender, as used herein, shall be deemed to include the plural number and the feminine or neuter genders whenever the context so requires.
11.12 Except as otherwise expressly set forth herein, the parties acknowledge that there are no third party beneficiaries of this Agreement.
(Signature page follows)
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reAlpha Asset Management
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT SIGNATURE PAGE
The undersigned, desiring to purchase Common Stock of reAlpha Asset Management by executing this signature page, hereby executes, adopts and agrees to all terms, conditions and representations of the Subscription Agreement.
(a) EITHER (i) The undersigned is an accredited investor (as that term is defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act because the undersigned meets the criteria set forth in the following paragraph(s) of Appendix A attached hereto: ☐
OR (ii) The amount set forth in paragraph (b) above (together with any previous investments in the Securities pursuant to this offering) does not exceed 10% of the greater of the undersigned’s net worth or annual income for all investments in this offering. ☐
(b) The Securities being subscribed for will be owned by, and should be recorded on the Company’s books as follows:
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ACCEPTANCE
The Company hereby accepts the subscription as set forth above on the terms and conditions contained in this Subscription Agreement.
Dated as of | |||
reAlpha Asset Management | |||
By: | |||
Authorized Signing Officer |
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U.S. ACCREDITED INVESTOR CERTIFICATE
The Investor hereby represents and warrants that that the Investor is an Accredited Investor, as defined by Rule 501 of Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, and Investor meets at least one (1) of the following criteria (initial all that apply) or that Investor is an unaccredited investor and meets none of the following criteria (initial as applicable):
☐ | The Investor is a natural person (individual) whose own net worth, taken together with the net worth of the Investor’s spouse or spousal equivalent, exceeds US$1,000,000, excluding equity in the Investor’s principal residence unless the net effect of his or her mortgage results in negative equity, the Investor should include any negative effects in calculating his or her net worth. |
☐ | The Investor is a natural person (individual) who had an individual income in excess of US$200,000 (or joint income with the Investor spouse or spousal equivalent in excess of US$300,000) in each of the two previous years and who reasonably expects a gross income of the same this year. |
☐ | The Investor is an entity as to which all the equity owners are Accredited Investors. If this paragraph is initialed, the Investor represents and warrants that the Investor has verified all such equity owners’ status as an Accredited Investor. |
☐ | The Investor is either (i) a corporation, (ii) an organization described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, (iii) a trust, or (iv) a partnership, in each case not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, and in each case with total assets in excess of US$5,000,000. |
☐ | The Investor is not an Accredited Investor and does not meet any of the above criteria. |
DATED: | (Print Full Name of Entity or Individual) | |
INVESTOR: | By: | |
(Signature) | ||
Name: | ||
(If signing on behalf of entity) | ||
Title: | ||
(If signing on behalf of entity) |
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AML Certificate
By executing this document, the client certifies the following:
If an Entity:
1. I am the of the Entity, and as such have knowledge of the matters certified to herein;
2. the Entity has not taken any steps to terminate its existence, to amalgamate, to continue into any other jurisdiction or to change its existence in any way and no proceedings have been commenced or threatened, or actions taken, or resolutions passed that could result in the Entity ceasing to exist;
3. the Entity is not insolvent and no acts or proceedings have been taken by or against the Entity or are pending in connection with the Entity, and the Entity is not in the course of, and has not received any notice or other communications, in each case, in respect of, any amalgamation, dissolution, liquidation, insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization involving the Entity, or for the appointment of a receiver, administrator, administrative receiver, trustee or similar officer with respect to all or any of its assets or revenues or of any proceedings to cancel its certificate of incorporation or similar constating document or to otherwise terminate its existence or of any situation which, unless remedied, would result in such cancellation or termination;
4. the Entity has not failed to file such returns, pay such taxes, or take such steps as may constitute grounds for the cancellation or forfeiture of its certificate of incorporation or similar constating document;
5. if required, the documents uploaded to the DealMaker portal are true certified copies of the deed of trust, articles of incorporation or organization, bylaws and other constating documents of the Entity including copies of corporate resolutions or by-laws relating to the power to bind the Entity;
6. The Client is the following type of Entity:
7. The names and personal addresses as applicable for the entity in Appendix 1 are accurate.
All subscribers:
Dealmaker Account number: (Offline Investor)
If I elect to submit my investment funds by an electronic payment option offered by DealMaker, I hereby agree to be bound by DealMaker's Electronic Payment Terms and Conditions (the “Electronic Payment Terms”). I acknowledge that the Electronic Payment Terms are subject to change from time to time without notice.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, an electronic payment made hereunder will constitute unconditional acceptance of the Electronic Payment Terms, and by use of the credit card or ACH/EFT payment option hereunder, I: (1) authorize the automatic processing of a charge to my credit card account or debit my bank account for any and all balances due and payable under this agreement; (2) acknowledge that there may be fees payable for processing my payment; (3) acknowledge and agree that I will not initiate a chargeback or reversal of funds on account of any issues that arise pursuant to this investment and I may be liable for any and all damages that could ensue as a result of any such chargebacks or reversals initiated by myself.
DATED: | ||
INVESTOR: | (Print Full Name of Investor) | |
By: | ||
(Signature) | ||
Name of Signing Officer (if Entity): | ||
Title of Signing Officer (if Entity): |
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Appendix 1 - Subscriber Information
For the Subscriber and Joint Holder (if applicable)
Name | Address | Date of Birth (if an Individual) | Taxpayer Identification Number |
For a Corporation or entity other than a Trust (Insert names and addresses below or attach a list)
1. | One Current control person of the Organization: |
Name | Address | Date of Birth | Taxpayer Identification Number |
2. | Unless the entity is an Estate or Sole Proprietorship, list the Beneficial owners of, or those exercising direct or indirect control or direction over, more than 25% of the voting rights attached to the outstanding voting securities or the Organization: |
Name | Address | Date of Birth | Taxpayer Identification Number |
For a Trust (Insert names and addresses or attach a list)
1. Current trustees of the Organization:
Name | Address | Date of Birth | Taxpayer Identification Number |
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Exhibit 12.1
|
|
Brian S. North 215 665 3828 brian.north@bipc.com |
Two Liberty Place 50 S. 16th Street, Suite 3200 Philadelphia, PA 19102-2555
T 215 665 8700
|
August 30, 2021
ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc.
6515 Longshore Loop, Suite 100
Dublin, Ohio 43017
Re: | Securities Qualified under Offering Statement on Form 1-A |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to you in connection with your filing of an Offering Statement on Form 1-A (as amended or supplemented, the “Offering Statement”) pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), relating to the qualification of the offering by ReAlpha Asset Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), of up to $75,000,000 in shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share.
We have reviewed such documents and made such examination of law as we have deemed appropriate to give the opinions set forth below. We have relied, without independent verification, on certificates of public officials and, as to matters of fact material to the opinions set forth below, on certificates of officers of the Company.
The opinion set forth below is limited to the Delaware General Corporation Law.
Based on the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized and, upon issuance and delivery against payment therefor in accordance with the terms of that certain Subscription Agreement, a form of which is contained in Exhibit 4.1 of the Offering Statement, the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
We hereby consent to the inclusion of this opinion as Exhibit 12.1 to the Offering Statement and to the references to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Offering Statement. In giving our consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
Very truly yours, | ||
Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC | ||
By: | /s/ Brian S. North | |
Brian S. North, a Shareholder |