NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of January 31, 2023
(UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Enzo Biochem, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Enzo Life Sciences, Enzo Clinical Labs, Enzo Therapeutics, Enzo Realty LLC and Enzo Realty II LLC, collectively or with one or more of its subsidiaries referred to as the “Company” or “Companies”. The Company has two reportable segments: Clinical Services and Products. The consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2023, the consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss and stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 (the “interim statements”) are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position and operating results for the interim periods have been made. Certain information and footnote disclosure, normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), have been condensed or omitted. The interim statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2022 and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The consolidated balance sheet at July 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date. The results of operations for the three and six months ended January 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2023.

Change in segment reporting

Historically, we engaged in the research and development of therapeutic candidates through Enzo Therapeutics, a biopharmaceutical venture that was developing multiple novel approaches in the areas of gastrointestinal, infectious, ophthalmic and metabolic diseases, many of which were derived from the researching work of Enzo Life Sciences. Enzo Therapeutics focused its efforts on researching treatment regimens for diseases and conditions for which treatment options were ineffective, costly, and/or caused unwanted side effects. This focus generated a clinical and preclinical pipeline, as well as numerous patents and patent applications with Enzo Therapeutics as the assignee. At the beginning of fiscal 2023, we determined we would redirect our research resources and efforts to our two operating segments, Enzo Life Sciences and Enzo Clinical Labs, and no longer consider Enzo Therapeutics a segment. The operating results of Enzo Therapeutics are now included in the “Other” segment. The prior period segment information for the three and six months ended January 31, 2022 reported in Note 11 has been restated to be included in the “Other” segment. The operating expenses of Enzo Therapeutics for the three and six months ended January 31, 2023 now included in the “Other” segment were $12 and $21, respectively. The operating expenses of Enzo Therapeutics for the three and six months ended January 31, 2022 now included in the “Other” segment were $20 and $25, respectively.

Liquidity and Going Concern

During the six months ended January 31, 2023, the Company incurred a net loss of $21,955 and used cash in operating activities of $14,891. The Company believes that based on its fiscal 2023 forecast, its current cash and cash equivalents level is not sufficient for its foreseeable liquidity and capital resource needs over at least the next twelve (12) months, which conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date that the unaudited interim financial statements are issued.

In response to these conditions, the Company is evaluating various financing strategies to obtain sufficient additional liquidity to meet its operating and capital requirements for the next twelve months following the date of issuance of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements. Specifically, on March 10, 2023, the Company signed a commitment letter providing for up to $8,000 of a revolving line of credit subject to closing, and as previously disclosed is exploring various strategic alternatives including the sale of segment operating assets. On March 16, 2023, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with respect to the sale to Labcorp of substantially all the operating assets and assignment of certain liabilities which are necessary for Labcorp to operate the business of the Clinical Labs division. See Note 13 Subsequent Events. However, there can be no assurance that either of these capital raising strategies will be successful, and the Company may need to raise additional capital during the current fiscal year. The Company also believes it has the ability to raise additional funds, either through additional debt secured by real property owned, private debt, selling preferred stock, reactivating its Sales Agreement with Cantor, or through other sources, but there can be no assurances that the Company will be able to raise capital pursuant to the foregoing on favorable terms or at all. The Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed in connection with the Sales Agreement expired in October 2020 but a new Registration Statement could be filed at any time at the discretion of the Company, as disclosed in Note 10 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Our liquidity plans are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, some of which are outside our control. Macroeconomic conditions could limit our ability to successfully execute our business plans and therefore adversely affect our liquidity plans. The unaudited interim financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Revolving Line of Credit commitment

On March 10, 2023, the Company entered into a commitment for a one-year credit facility with an asset based lender specializing in direct lending to middle-market companies in the healthcare sector. The facility is an $8 million revolving line of credit based on the Company’s eligible accounts receivable. The annual interest rate is equal to the 90 day term SOFR rate plus 5.5%. The line of credit would terminate one year from closing and unused line fees and early prepayment penalties apply.

Closing and initial funding are conditioned on the absence of any material adverse change in the operations or financial condition of the Company prior to the closing date. The Company and the lender are using their best efforts to close on the line of credit as soon as possible. The expected closing time period is the end of March 2023.

Impact of COVID-19

We made substantial investments to expand and maintain the amount of COVID-19 testing available in the communities we serve since the start of the pandemic in March 2020. We applied our technical expertise in molecular diagnostics to develop next generation COVID-19 diagnostic and antibody testing options which were approved under the FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022, the Company generated substantial COVID-19 related services revenues, representing 44% of all services revenues. This testing had a significantly positive impact on the profitability and cash flow of our Clinical services segment for most of fiscal 2022. Revenues from COVID-19 testing during the three and six months ended January 31, 2022 represented 56% and 52%, respectively of all services revenues. The rate of transmission of COVID-19 and the severity of its variants have dramatically declined in the US. Revenues from COVID-19 testing during the three and six months ended January 31, 2023 represented approximately 4% and 6%, respectively, of all services revenues.

In March 2022, the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration (“HRSA”) informed providers that, after March 22, 2022, it would stop accepting claims for testing and treatment for uninsured individuals under the HRSA COVID-19 Uninsured Program and that claims submitted prior to that date would be subject to eligibility and availability of funds. Although we believe that our estimates for contractual allowances and patient price concessions are appropriate, actual results could differ from those estimates. If the HRSA receives additional funding, it might again accept claims under the Uninsured Program.

Federal, state and local governmental policies and initiatives designed to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 resulted in, among other things, a significant reduction in physician office visits, the cancellation of elective medical procedures, and the continuation of work-from-home policies. The COVID-19 impact on the Company’s operations is consistent with the overall industry and our competitors, partners, and vendors. While we anticipate that COVID-19 will continue to impact our business into the future, increases in vaccination rates and booster shots, the development of new therapeutics and greater availability of rapid COVID-19 tests has resulted in a continued, significant decline in demand for our COVID-19 testing. As a result, volume, revenues, profitability, and cash flow from COVID-19 testing during the current periods were all substantially and materially lower than the prior year period levels. COVID-19 testing is no longer a material part of our Services business.

We expect volume and revenues from COVID-19 testing will remain less significant in the periods ahead as the percentage of Americans who are vaccinated increases, the severity of its variants declines, and the general increase in the use of “at home” testing. However, the emergence and spread of potentially more serious variants may cause our COVID-19 testing volume to increase again. With respect to our non-COVID-19 operations, even after the COVID-19 pandemic impact has greatly moderated, we may continue to experience similar adverse effects to our businesses, consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows resulting from a recessionary economic environment, including inflation and actions by the Federal Reserve to increase interest rates.

The Company assessed certain accounting matters that generally require consideration of forecasted financial information in context with the information reasonably available to the Company and the unknown future impacts of COVID-19 and the recessionary economic environment, including inflation and actions by the Federal Reserve to increase interest rates as of January 31, 2023 and through the date of this Quarterly Report. The accounting matters assessed included, but were not limited to, the Company’s patient self-pay revenue concessions and credit losses in the Clinical Services segment, accounts receivable, inventories and the carrying value of goodwill and other long-lived assets. The Company’s future assessment of the magnitude and duration of COVID-19, as well as other economic factors, could result in additional material adverse impacts to the Company’s consolidated financial statements in future reporting periods.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Effect of New Accounting Pronouncements

Pronouncements Issued but Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326). This standard changes the impairment model for most financial instruments, including trade receivables, from an incurred loss method to a new forward-looking approach, based on expected losses.

The estimate of expected credit losses will require entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Adoption of this standard is required for our annual and interim periods beginning August 1, 2023, as we qualified as a smaller reporting company at the end of fiscal 2022 and must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition approach. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this standard on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

We reviewed all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and have concluded they are not applicable or not expected to be significant to the accounting for our operations.

Concentration Risk

Other than the Medicare program, one provider whose programs are included in the “Third-party payers” and “Health Maintenance Organizations” (“HMO’s”) categories represents approximately 16% and 17% of Clinical Services net revenue for the three and six months ended January 31, 2023, respectively and 16% of the Clinical Services net accounts receivable as of January 31, 2023. Other than the Medicare program, two providers whose programs are included in the “Third-party payers” and “Health Maintenance Organizations” (“HMO’s”) categories represent approximately 36% and 35% of Clinical Services net revenue for the three and six months ended January 31, 2022, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The liability method requires that any tax benefits recognized for net operating loss carry forwards and other items be reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that the benefits may not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

Under the liability method, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Note 2 – Net income (loss) per share

Basic net income (loss) per share represents net income (loss) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. As a result of the net loss for the three and six months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, diluted weighted average shares outstanding are the same as basic weighted average shares outstanding, and do not include the potential common shares from stock options, restricted stock units, or unearned performance stock units because to do so would be antidilutive.

For the three and six months ended January 31, 2023, approximately 60,000 and 83,000, respectively, of potential common shares from “in the money options” and unvested restricted stock and performance stock units were excluded from the calculation of diluted (loss) per share because their effect would be antidilutive.

For the three and six months ended January 31, 2022, approximately 499,000 and 527,000, respectively, of potential common shares from “in the money options” and unvested performance stock units were excluded from the calculation of diluted (loss) per share because their effect would be antidilutive.

For the three and six months ended January 31, 2023, the effect of approximately 4,189,000 and 3,392,000, respectively, of outstanding “out of the money” options to purchase common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net (loss) income per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive. For the three and six months ended January 31, 2022, the effect of 1,091,000 and 942,000, respectively, of outstanding “out of the money” options to purchase common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net (loss) income per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Note 3 – Revenue Recognition

Clinical Services Revenue

The Company accounts for revenue pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606. Service revenues in the Company’s clinical services business accounted for 54% and 70% of the Company’s total revenues for three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively and 58% and 72% for the six months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively and are primarily comprised of a high volume of relatively low-dollar transactions. The services business, which provides clinical testing services, satisfies its performance obligation and recognizes revenues upon completion of the testing process for a specific patient and reporting to the ordering physician. The Company may also perform clinical testing services for other laboratories and will recognize revenue from those services when reported to the ordering laboratory. The Company estimates the amount of consideration it expects to receive from customer groups using the portfolio approach. These estimates of the expected consideration include the impact of contractual allowances and price concessions on our customer group portfolios consisting of healthcare insurers, government payers, client payers and patients as described below. Contracts with customers in our laboratory services business do not contain a financing component, based on the typically limited period of time between performance of services and collection of consideration. The transaction price includes variable consideration in the form of the contractual allowance and price concessions as well as the collectability of the transaction based on patient intent and ability to pay. The Company uses the expected value method in estimating the amount of the variability included in the transaction price.

The following are descriptions of our laboratory services business portfolios:

Third party payers and Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO’s)

Reimbursements from third party payers, primarily healthcare insurers and HMO’s are based on negotiated fee-for-service schedules and on capitated payment rates. Revenues consist of amounts billed net of contractual allowances for differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive from such payers, which considers historical collection and denial experience and the terms of the Company’s contractual arrangements. Adjustments to the allowances, based on actual receipts from the third-party payers, are recorded upon settlement.

Collection of the consideration the Company expects to receive is normally a function of providing complete and correct billing information to these third party payers within the various filing deadlines, and typically occurs within 30 to 90 days of billing. Provided the Company has billed healthcare insurers accurately with complete information prior to the established filing deadline, there has historically been little to no collection risk. If there has been a delay in billing, the Company determines if the amounts in question will likely go past the filing deadline, and if so, will reserve accordingly for the billing.

Third-party payers, including government programs, may decide to deny payment or recoup payments for testing that they contend was improperly billed or not medically necessary, against their coverage determinations, or for which they believe they have otherwise overpaid (including as a result of their own error), and we may be required to refund payments already received. Our revenues may be subject to adjustment as a result of these factors among others, including without limitation, differing interpretations of billing and coding guidance and changes by government agencies and payers in interpretations, requirements, and “conditions of participation” in various programs.

Government Payer - Medicare

Reimbursements from Medicare are based on fee-for-service schedules set by Medicare, which is funded by the government. Revenues consist of amounts billed net of contractual allowances for differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive from Medicare, which considers historical collection and denial experience and other factors. Adjustments to the allowances, based on actual receipts from the government payers, are recorded upon settlement.

Collection of consideration the Company expects to receive is normally a function of providing the complete and correct billing information within the various filing deadlines and typically occurs within 60 days of billing. Provided the Company has billed the government payer accurately with complete information prior to the established filing deadline, there has historically been little to no collection risk. If there has been a delay in billing, the Company determines if the amounts in question will likely go past the filing deadline, and, if so, it will reserve accordingly for the billing.

Patient self-pay

Uninsured patients are billed based on established patient fee schedules or fees negotiated with physicians on behalf of their patients. Coinsurance and deductible responsibilities based on fees negotiated with healthcare insurers are also billed to insured patients and included in this portfolio. Collection of billings from patients is subject to credit risk and ability of the patients to pay. Revenues consist of amounts billed net of discounts provided to uninsured patients in accordance with the Company’s policies and implicit price concessions. Implicit price concessions represent differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive from patients, which considers historical collection experience and other factors including current market conditions. Adjustments to the estimated allowances, based on actual receipts from the patients, are recorded upon settlement. Patient responsibility is invoiced and if it reaches 91 days outstanding, the account is sent to a collection agency for further processing. After the account has been with the collection agency for at least 105 days, it is written off.

The following table represents clinical services net revenues and percentages by type of customer:

For three and six months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, all of the Company’s clinical services revenues were generated within the United States.

Products Revenue

In accordance with ASC 606, the Company generates product revenue from the sale of our single-use products used in the identification of genomic information. Revenue is recorded net of sales tax. The Company considers revenue to be earned when all of the following criteria are met: the Company has a contract with a customer that creates enforceable rights and obligations; promised products are identified; the transaction price is determinable; and the Company has transferred control of the promised items to the customer. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in the contract. The transaction price for the contract is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for the goods expected to be transferred. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, control of the distinct good or service is transferred. Transfer of control for the Company’s products is generally at shipment or delivery, depending on contractual terms, but occurs when title and risk of loss transfers to the customer which represents the point in time when the customer obtains the use of and substantially all of the remaining benefit of the product. As such, the Company’s performance obligation related to product sales is satisfied at a point in time. The Company recognizes a receivable when it has an unconditional right to payment, which represents the amount the Company expects to collect in a transaction and is most often equal to the transaction price in the contract. Payment terms for shipments to end-user and distributor customers may range from 30 to 90 days. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are included in revenue, while the related shipping and handling costs are reflected in cost of products.  

Products revenue by geography is as follows:

Note 4 - Supplemental disclosure for statement of cash flows

In the six months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, interest paid by the Company was $106 and $112, respectively.

For the six months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, the net reductions in the measurement of right of use assets and liabilities included in cash flows from operating activities was $2 and $20, respectively. The changes are included in changes in accrued liabilities, other current liabilities, and other liabilities in the statement of cash flows.

For the six months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, tax on capital paid by the Company was $9 and $116, respectively.

Note 6 – Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets

The Company’s carrying amount of goodwill is in the Clinical Laboratory Services segment and is $7,452 as of January 31, 2023 and July 31, 2022.

The Company tests goodwill annually as of the first day of the fourth quarter, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist. In assessing goodwill for impairment, the Company has the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company is not required to perform any additional tests in assessing goodwill for impairment. However, if the Company concludes otherwise or elects not to perform the qualitative assessment, then it will perform a quantitative assessment as it identifies the reporting units and compares the fair value of each of these reporting units to their respective carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit is less than its fair value, no impairment exists. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit is higher than its fair value, the impairment charge is the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

The Company reviews the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets (including its intangible assets, all of which have finite lives) of an asset or asset group for impairment annually as of the end of the fiscal year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist. Should indicators of impairment exist, the carrying values of the assets are evaluated in relation to the operating performance and future undiscounted cash flows of an asset or asset group. The net book value of the long-lived asset is adjusted to fair value if its expected future undiscounted cash flow is less than its book value. The Company has determined that there is no impairment of goodwill or long-lived assets at January 31, 2023.

Note 7 – Mortgage debt and Long term debt, net

In connection with the purchase of a building in Farmingdale, NY in November 2018, a wholly-owned subsidiary (the “mortgagor subsidiary”) of the Company entered into a Fee Mortgage and Security Agreement (the “mortgage agreement”) with Citibank, N.A. (the “mortgagee”). The mortgage agreement provides for a loan of $4,500 for a term of 10 years, bears a fixed interest rate of 5.09% per annum and requires monthly mortgage payments of principal and interest of $30. Debt issuance costs of $72 are being amortized over the life of the mortgage agreement. The balance of unamortized debt issuance cost was $42 at January 31, 2023. At January 31, 2023, the balance owed by the subsidiary under the mortgage agreement was $3,902. The Company’s obligations under the mortgage agreement are secured by the building and by a $1,000 cash collateral deposit with the mortgagee as additional security. This restricted cash is included in other assets as of January 31, 2023.

The mortgage agreement includes affirmative and negative covenants and events of default, as defined. Events of default include non-payment of principal and interest on debt outstanding, non-performance of covenants, material changes in business, breach of representations, bankruptcy or insolvency, and changes in control. The mortgage includes certain financial covenants. Effective October 2020, the Company and the mortgagee agreed to a covenant restructure whereby the mortgagee waived the Company’s financial ratio covenant for the fiscal period ended July 31, 2020 and modified the mortgage to replace that covenant with a liquidity covenant. The liquidity covenant requires that we own and maintain at all times and throughout the remaining term of the loan at least $25,000 of liquid assets, defined as time deposits, money market accounts and obligations issued by the U.S. government or any of its agencies. The cash collateral agreement was also modified to require compliance with the liquidity covenant for two consecutive fiscal years before the collateral is released back to us. Effective September 29, 2021, the Company and the mortgagee agreed to further covenant restructuring whereby (a) the liquidity covenant was reduced to 150% of the loan principal (or approximately $5,911 as of January 31, 2023) from $25,000 previously, and (b) the collateral requirement was increased from $750 to $1,000. As of January 31, 2023, the Company was not in compliance with the liquidity covenant, but was in compliance with the other financial covenants related to this mortgage. Effective March 20, 2023, the Company and the mortgagee agreed to a waiver of the liquidity covenant default as of January 31, 2023. While the Company believes it will be able to either achieve compliance or obtain further waivers going forward, as there can be no assurances, all of the mortgage debt has been classified as current in the consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2023.

In April 2020, our subsidiary in Switzerland received a loan of CHF 400 (or $400, based on the foreign exchange rate at that time) from the Swiss government under the “Corona Krise” emergency loan program in response to the pandemic. This loan is uncollateralized and bears 0% interest. In January 2022, the bank agent of the Swiss government informed our subsidiary that the loan had to be fully amortized within a maximum of eight years and that the first of semi-annual amortization payments of CHF 33 would begin in March 2022. In September 2022, the subsidiary made its second semi-annual principal repayment of CHF 33 (or $35 based on exchange rates). Based on this amortization schedule, the loan will be repaid by September 2027. The current portion of this loan is included in other current liabilities and the long term portion in long term debt – net as of January 31, 2023.

The CARES Act expanded the U.S. Small Business Administration’s (SBA) business loan program to create the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), which provided employers with uncollateralized loans whose primary purpose was to retain or maintain workforce and salaries for a twenty-four week period (“covered period”) following receipt of the loan. We applied for the PPP loan based on the eligibility and need requirements established when the program was announced and in April 2020 received $7,000 through Citibank N.A., the Company’s existing lender, pursuant to the PPP (the “PPP Loan”). In June 2021, the SBA approved in full our request for loan forgiveness and in the fiscal year 2021 the Company recognized the forgiveness of the $7,000 loan in Other income. The SBA announced its intention to audit loans in excess of $2,000 and in June 2022 requested through Citibank N.A. the production of documents and information related to our loan and our request for forgiveness. We provided that information to the SBA via Citibank N.A. In October 2022 the SBA requested through Citibank N.A. that we complete a new version of their loan necessity questionnaire with respect our forgiven loan, which we provided. The SBA subsequently requested additional information with respect to wages paid which has been provided.

Minimum future annual principal payments under these agreements as of January 31, 2023 are as follows:

Note 8 - Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception. The Company leases buildings, office space, patient service centers, and equipment primarily through operating leases, and equipment through a limited number of finance leases. Generally, a right-of-use asset, representing the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term, and a lease liability, representing the payment obligation arising from the lease, are recognized on the balance sheet at lease commencement based on the present value of the payment obligation. For operating leases, expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, interest expense on the lease liability is recognized using the effective interest method and amortization of the right-of-use asset is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Short-term leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company primarily uses its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments as the Company’s leases generally do not provide an implicit rate.

The Company has lease agreements with (i) right-of-use asset payments and (ii) non-lease components (i.e. payments related to maintenance fees, utilities, etc.,) which have generally been combined and accounted for as a single lease component. The Company’s leases have remaining terms of less than 1 year to 6 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 5 years. The Company’s lease terms may include renewal options that are reasonably certain to be exercised and early termination options that are reasonably certain not to be exercised.

Certain of the Company’s lease agreements include rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation or a market rate which are included in the lease liabilities.

Components of lease cost were as follows:

The maturity of the Company’s lease liabilities as of January 31, 2023 is as follows:

Lease term and discount rate for the six months ended January 31 were as follows: 

See Note 4 for cash flow information on cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for the three and six months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022.

Self-Insured Medical Plan

The Company self-funds medical insurance coverage for certain of its U.S. based employees. The risk to the Company is believed to be limited through the use of individual and aggregate stop loss insurance. As of January 31, 2023 and July 31, 2022, the Company has established a reserve of $340 and $260, respectively which is included in accrued liabilities for payroll, benefits and commissions, for claims that have been reported but not paid and for claims that have been incurred but not reported. The reserve is based upon the Company’s historical payment trends, claim history and current estimates.

Note 10 - Stockholders’ equity

Controlled Equity Offering

The Company has a Controlled Equity Offering^SM Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., as sales agent (“Cantor”). Under the Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through Cantor, shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”). The Company pays Cantor a commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds received under the Sale Agreement. The Company is not obligated to make any sales of the Shares under the Sales Agreement. The offering of Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (a) the sale of all of the Shares subject to the Sales Agreement or (b) the termination of the Sales Agreement by Cantor or the Company, as permitted therein.

In September 2017, the Company filed with the SEC a Form S-3 “shelf” registration statement and sales agreement prospectus (the “Registration Statement”) covering the offering, issuance and sale of our Common Stock that could have been issued and sold under the existing Sales Agreement in an aggregate amount of up to $19.2 million. The Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed in connection with the Sales Agreement expired in October 2020 but a new Registration Statement could be refiled at any time at the discretion of the Company.

Share based awards and share based compensation 

In January 2011, the Company’s stockholders approved the adoption of the 2011 Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) for the issuance of equity awards, including, among others, options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance stock units for up to 3,000,000 shares of common stock. In January 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the 2011 Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2011 Plan”) to increase the number of shares of common stock available for grant under the 2011 Plan by 2,000,000 shares of common stock bringing the total number of shares available for grant to 5,000,000 shares of common stock. On October 7, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the amendment and restatement of the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan, with an effective date of October 7, 2020 and subject to approval by the Company’s stockholders at the 2020 annual meeting of stockholders of the Company. The amendment and restatement of the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan was for purposes of, among other things, (i) increasing the shares of common stock available for grant under the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan by an additional 4,000,000 shares of common stock bringing the total number of shares available for grant to 9,000,000 shares of common stock and (ii) extending the term of the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan until October 7, 2030. In January 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan.

The exercise price of options granted under the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan, as amended and restated, is equal to or greater than fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. The Amended and Restated 2011 Plan, as amended and restated, will terminate at the earliest of (a) such time as no shares of common stock remain available for issuance under the plan, (b) termination of the plan by the Company’s Board of Directors, or (c) October 7, 2030. Awards outstanding upon expiration of the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan, as amended and restated, will remain in effect until they have been exercised or terminated, or have expired. As of January 31, 2023, there were approximately 3,874,000 shares of common stock available for grant under the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan, as amended and restated.

The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option award on the measurement date using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of awards is amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company expenses restricted stock awards based on vesting requirements, primarily time elapsed. Performance stock awards are not recognized until it is probable they will be earned. At such time, their expense is then recognized over the requisite service period, including that portion of the service period already elapsed.

Options granted pursuant to the plans may be either incentive stock options or non-statutory options. The 2011 Plan provides for the issuance of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards which generally vest over a two or three year period.

The amounts of share-based compensation expense recognized in the periods presented are as follows:

The following table sets forth the amount of expense related to share-based payment arrangements included in specific line items in the accompanying statements of operations:

No excess tax benefits were recognized during the three and six month periods ended January 31, 2023 and 2022.