Cyngn Inc. (Form: S-3, Received: 09/05/2025 16:46:14)

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 5, 2025.

Registration No. 333-

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

CYNGN INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		7371		46-2007094
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1344 Terra Bella

Mountain View, CA 94043

(650) 924-5905

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive office)

Lior Tal

Chief Executive Officer

1344 Terra Bella,

Mountain View, CA 94043

(650) 924-5905

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Gregory Sichenzia, Esq.

Marcelle S. Balcombe, Esq.

Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP

1185 Avenue of the Americas, 31^st Floor

New York, NY 10036

(212) 930-9700

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a), may determine.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This Registration Statement contains two prospectuses:

●

a base prospectus to be used in connection with offerings and sales by the Registrant from time to time, in one or more series or issuances and on terms to be determined at the time of the offering, any combination of the securities described in that prospectus, up to an aggregate amount of $300,000,000 (the “Shelf Prospectus”); and

●

a sales agreement prospectus, which supplement the base prospectus, covering the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of $100,000,000 of our common stock that may be issued and sold under a Sales Agreement entered into with Aegis Capital Corp. (the “ATM Prospectus”).

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell the securities described herein until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell the securities described herein and we are not soliciting offers to buy such securities in any state where such offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED SEPTEMBER 5, 2025

PROSPECTUS

CYNGN INC.

$300,000,000

COMMON STOCK

PREFERRED STOCK

WARRANTS

RIGHTS

UNITS

We may from time to time, in one or more offerings at prices and on terms that we will determine at the time of each offering, sell common stock, preferred stock, warrants, rights, or a combination of these securities, or units, for an aggregate initial offering price of up to $300,000,000. This prospectus describes the general manner in which our securities may be offered using this prospectus. Each time we offer and sell securities, we will provide you with a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. Any prospectus supplement may also add, update, or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement as well as the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus before you purchase any of the securities offered hereby.

This prospectus may not be used to offer and sell securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CYN”. On September 4, 2025, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $5.10.

The securities offered by this prospectus involve a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 3, in addition to Risk Factors contained in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is , 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS	ii
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	iii
ABOUT CYNGN INC.	1
RISK FACTORS	3
USE OF PROCEEDS	4
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK	5
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK	6
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS	7
DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS	8
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS	9
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION	10
LEGAL MATTERS	12
EXPERTS	12
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION	12
INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE	13

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using the “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may offer and sell, either individually or in combination, in one or more offerings, any of the securities described in this prospectus, for total gross proceeds of up to $300,000,000.

This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time that we offer and sell securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the securities being offered and sold and the specific terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, you should rely on the prospectus supplement. Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read both this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, together with the additional information described under the headings “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference.”

We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We will not make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement to this prospectus is accurate as of the date on its respective cover, and that any information incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, unless we indicate otherwise. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

As used in this prospectus and unless otherwise indicated, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Cyngn,” or the “Company” refer to CYNGN Inc. and its consolidated subsidiary.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and the documents and information incorporated by reference in this prospectus include forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements give current expectations or forecasts of future events or our future financial or operating performance. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including statements regarding our capital needs, business strategy and expectations. Any statements that are not of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. In some cases you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” or “continue”, the negative of the terms or other comparable terminology. Actual events or results may differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements reflect our management’s beliefs and views with respect to future events, are based on estimates and assumptions as of the date of this prospectus and are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in these forward-looking statements. We discuss many of these risks in greater detail in this prospectus under “Risk Factors” and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 6, 2025 and in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 8, 2025 and August 7, 2025, as well as those described in the other documents we file with the SEC. These factors may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements. We disclaim any obligation to publicly update these statements, or disclose any difference between actual results and those reflected in these statements, except as may be required under applicable law.

Moreover, new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

We do not undertake and specifically decline any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by applicable laws or regulations.

iii

ABOUT CYNGN INC.

Overview

We are an autonomous vehicle (“AV”) technology company that is focused on addressing industrial uses for autonomous vehicles. We believe that technological innovation is needed to enable adoption of autonomous industrial vehicles that will address the substantial industry challenges that exist today. These challenges include labor shortages, lagging technological advancements from incumbent vehicle manufacturers, and high upfront investment commitment.

Industrial sites are typically rigid environments with consistent standards as opposed to city streets that have more variable environmental and situational conditions and diverse regulations. These differences in operational design domains will be major factors that make proliferation of industrial AVs in private settings achievable with less time and resources than AVs on public roadways. Namely, safety and infrastructure challenges are cited as roadblocks that have delayed AVs from operating on public roadways at scale. Our focus on industrial AVs simplifies these challenges because industrial facilities (especially those belonging to a single end customer that operates similarly at different sites) share much more in common than different cities do. Furthermore, our end customers own their infrastructure and can make changes more easily than governments can on public roadways.

With these challenges in mind, we are developing an Enterprise Autonomy Suite (“EAS”) that leverages advanced in-vehicle autonomous driving technology and incorporates leading supporting technologies like data analytics, asset tracking, fleet management, cloud, and connectivity. EAS provides a differentiated solution that we believe will drive pervasive proliferation of industrial autonomy and create value for customers at every stage of their journey towards full automation and the adoption of Industry 4.0.

EAS is a suite of technologies and tools that we divide into three complementary categories:

DriveMod, our modular industrial vehicle autonomous driving software;

Cyngn Insight, our customer-facing tool suite for monitoring and managing AV fleets (including remotely operated vehicles) and generating/aggregating/analyzing data (including the IoT gateway device); and

Cyngn Evolve, our internal tool suite and infrastructure that facilitates artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning (“ML”) training to continuously enhance our algorithms and models and provides a simulation framework (both record/rerun and synthetic scenario creation) to ensure that data collected in the field can be applied to validating new releases.

Legacy automation providers manufacture specialized industrial vehicles with integrated robotics software for rigid tasks, limiting automation to narrow uses. Unlike these specialized vehicles, EAS can be compatible with the existing vehicle assets in addition to new vehicles that have been purposely built for autonomy by vehicle manufacturers. EAS is operationally expansive, vehicle agnostic, and compatible with indoor and outdoor environments. By offering flexible autonomous services, we aim to remove barriers to industry adoption.

We understand that scaling of autonomy solutions will require an ecosystem made up of different technologies and services that are enablers for AVs. Our approach is to forge strategic collaborations with complementary technology providers that accelerate AV development and deployment, provide access to new markets, and create new capabilities. Our focus on designing DriveMod to be modular will combine with our experience deploying AV technology on diverse industrial vehicle form factors, which will be difficult for competitors to replicate.

We expect our technology to generate revenue through two main methods: deployment and EAS subscriptions. Deploying our EAS requires us and our integration partners to work with a new client to map the facility, gather data, and install our AV technology within their fleet and site. We anticipate that new deployments will yield project-based revenues based on the scope of the deployment. After deployment, we expect to generate revenues by offering EAS through a Software as a Service (“SaaS”) model, which can be considered the AV software component of Robotics as a Service (“RaaS”).

RaaS is a subscription model that allows customers to use robots/vehicles without purchasing the hardware assets upfront. We will seek to achieve sustained revenue growth largely from ongoing SaaS-style EAS subscriptions that enable companies to tap into our ever-expanding suite of AV and AI capabilities as organizations transition into full industrial autonomy.

Although both the components and the combined solutions of EAS are still under development, we have EAS licenses with paying customers and have piloted EAS for paid customer trial and pilot deployments. We expect EAS to continually be developed and enhanced according to evolving customer needs, which will take place concurrently while other completed features of EAS are commercialized. We expect annual R&D expenditures in the foreseeable future to exceed that of 2024. We also had limited paid deployments in 2024 that offset some of the ongoing R&D costs of continually developing EAS. We target scaled deployments to begin in 2025.

Our go-to-market strategy is to acquire new customers that use industrial vehicles in their mission-critical and daily operations by (a) leveraging the relationships and existing customers of our network of strategic partners, (b) bringing AV capabilities to industrial vehicles as a software service provider, and (c) executing a robust in-house sales and marketing effort to nurture a pipeline of industrial organizations. Our focus is on acquiring new customers who are either looking (a) to embed our technology into their vehicle product roadmaps or (b) to apply autonomy to existing fleets with our vehicle retrofits. In turn, our customers are any organizations that could utilize our EAS solution, including original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) that supply industrial vehicles, end customers that operate their own industrial vehicles, or service providers that operate industrial vehicles for end customers.

As OEMs and leading industrial vehicle users seek to increase productivity, reinforce safer working environments, and scale their operations, we believe we are uniquely positioned to deliver a dynamic autonomy solution via our EAS to a wide variety of industrial uses. Our long-term vision is for EAS to become a universal autonomous driving solution with minimal marginal cost for companies to adopt new vehicles and expand their autonomous fleets across new deployments. We have already deployed DriveMod software on more than 10 different vehicle form factors that range from stockchasers and forklifts to 14-seat shuttles and 5-meter-long cargo vehicles demonstrating the extensibility of our AV building blocks.

Our strategy upon establishing a customer relationship with an OEM is to seek to embed our technology into their vehicle roadmap and expand our services to their many clients. Once we solidify an initial AV deployment with a customer, we intend to seek to expand within the site to additional vehicle platforms and/or expand the use of similar vehicles to other sites operated by the customer. This “land and expand” strategy can repeat iteratively across new vehicles and sites and is at the heart of why we believe industrial AVs that operate in geo-fenced, constrained environments are poised to create value.

Our Corporate Information

The Company was originally incorporated in the State of Delaware on February 1, 2013, under the name Cyanogen, Inc. or Cyanogen. The Company started as a venture funded company with offices in Seattle and Palo Alto, aimed at commercializing CyanogenMod, direct to consumer and through collaborations with mobile phone manufacturers. CyanogenMod was an open-source operating system for mobile devices, based on the Android mobile platform. Cyanogen released multiple versions of its mobile operating system and collaborated with an ecosystem of companies including mobile phone OEMs, content providers and leading technology partners from 2013 to 2015.

In 2016 the Company’s management and board of directors, determined to pivot its product focus and commercial direction from the mobile device and telecom space to industrial and commercial autonomous driving with the hiring of Lior Tal in June 2016 to serve as the company’s chief operating officer. Mr. Tal, a seasoned executive of startup firms where prior to joining the company, co-founded Snaptu which later was acquired by Facebook (currently known as Meta Platforms, Inc.), as well as held various leadership roles at Actimize, DiskSites and Odigo; all of these companies which were also later acquired. Mr. Tal was promoted to chief executive officer in October 2016 and continues to serve in this role along with chairman of the board. In May 2017, the Company changed its name to CYNGN Inc.

Available Information

Our principal business address is 1344 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, and our telephone number is (650) 924-5905. We maintain our corporate website at https://cyngn.com (this website address is not intended to function as a hyperlink and the information contained on our website is not intended to be a part of this prospectus). Information on our website does not constitute a part of, nor is it incorporated in any way, into this prospectus and should not be relied upon in connection with making an investment decision. We make available free of charge on https://investors.cyngn.com/ our annual, quarterly, and current reports, and amendments to those reports if any, as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. We may from time to time provide important disclosures to investors by posting them in the Investor Relations section of our website.

Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq under the symbol “CYN”. We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the U.S. Securities Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and are subject to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). These filings are available to the public on the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks set forth in our filings with the SEC that are incorporated by reference herein and any prospectus supplement, as well as other information we include or incorporate by reference into this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, before making an investment decision. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by the materialization of any of these risks. The trading price of our securities could decline due to the materialization of any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment. This prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference also contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks described in the documents incorporated herein by reference, including our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our Current Reports on Form 8-K and the other documents we file with the SEC that are deemed incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities under this prospectus for general corporate purposes, including working capital. We may also use the proceeds from the sale of the securities under this prospectus or a portion thereof for strategic transactions and growth initiatives, and other uses as the Company may determine in its discretion.

DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK

General

We are authorized to issue 400,000,000 shares of common stock, par value of $0.00001 per share.

Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, including the election of directors. Our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws do not provide for cumulative voting rights. Because of this, the holders of a plurality of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors can elect all of the directors standing for election, if they should so choose. With respect to matters other than the election of directors, at any meeting of the stockholders at which a quorum is present or represented, the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at such meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders, except as otherwise required by law. The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at all meetings of the stockholders.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.

Listing

Our common stock is currently listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CYN.”

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK

We are authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.00001 per share, from time to time, in one or more series. We do not have any outstanding shares of preferred stock.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes our board of directors to issue preferred stock from time to time with such designations, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, dividends or limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption as shall be determined by the board of directors for each class or series of stock. Preferred stock is available for possible future financings or acquisitions and for general corporate purposes without further authorization of stockholders unless such authorization is required by applicable law, or any securities exchange or market on which our stock is then listed or admitted to trading.

Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes could, under some circumstances, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change-in-control of the Company.

A prospectus supplement relating to any series of preferred stock being offered will include specific terms relating to the offering. Such prospectus supplement will include:

	●	the title and stated or par value of the preferred stock;

	●	the number of shares of the preferred stock offered, the liquidation preference per share and the offering price of the preferred stock;

	●	the dividend rate(s), period(s) and/or payment date(s) or method(s) of calculation thereof applicable to the preferred stock;

	●	whether dividends shall be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends on the preferred stock shall accumulate;

	●	the provisions for a sinking fund, if any, for the preferred stock;

	●	any voting rights of the preferred stock;

	●	the provisions for redemption, if applicable, of the preferred stock;

	●	any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange;

	●	the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which the preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock, including the conversion price or the manner of calculating the conversion price and conversion period;

	●	if appropriate, a discussion of Federal income tax consequences applicable to the preferred stock; and

	●	any other specific terms, preferences, rights, limitations or restrictions of the preferred stock.

The terms, if any, on which the preferred stock may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock will also be stated in the preferred stock prospectus supplement. The terms will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option, and may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our common stock to be received by the holders of preferred stock would be subject to adjustment.

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

We may issue warrants for the purchase of preferred stock or common stock. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any preferred stock or common stock, and may be attached to or separate from any offered securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between a warrant agent specified in the agreement and us. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants of that series and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of warrants. This summary of some provisions of the warrants is not complete. You should refer to the warrant agreement, including the forms of warrant certificate representing the warrants, relating to the specific warrants being offered for the complete terms of the warrant agreement and the warrants. The warrant agreement, together with the terms of the warrant certificate and warrants, will be filed with the SEC in connection with the offering of the specific warrants.

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the following terms, where applicable, of the warrants in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:

	●	the title of the warrants;

	●	the aggregate number of the warrants;

	●	the price or prices at which the warrants will be issued;

	●	the designation, amount and terms of the offered securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants;

	●	if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the offered securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants will be separately transferable;

	●	the terms of the securities purchasable upon exercise of such warrants and the procedures and conditions relating to the exercise of such warrants;

	●	any provisions for adjustment of the number or amount of securities receivable upon exercise of the warrants or the exercise price of the warrants;

	●	the price or prices at which and currency or currencies in which the offered securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants may be purchased;

	●	the date on which the right to exercise the warrants shall commence and the date on which the right shall expire;

	●	the minimum or maximum amount of the warrants that may be exercised at any one time;

	●	information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;

	●	if appropriate, a discussion of Federal income tax consequences; and

	●	any other material terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the warrants.

Warrants for the purchase of common stock or preferred stock will be offered and exercisable for U.S. dollars only. Warrants will be issued in registered form only.

Upon receipt of payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as practicable, forward the purchased securities. If less than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, a new warrant certificate will be issued for the remaining warrants.

Prior to the exercise of any warrants to purchase preferred stock or common stock, holders of the warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the common stock or preferred stock purchasable upon exercise, including in the case of warrants for the purchase of common stock or preferred stock, the right to vote or to receive any payments of dividends on the preferred stock or common stock purchasable upon exercise.

DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS

This section describes the general terms of the rights that we may offer and sell by this prospectus. This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement will contain the material terms and conditions for each right. The accompanying prospectus supplement may add, update or change the terms and conditions of the rights as described in this prospectus.

The particular terms of each issue of rights, the rights agreement relating to the rights and the rights certificates representing rights will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, as applicable:

	●	the title of the rights;

	●	the date of determining the stockholders entitled to the rights distribution;

	●	the title, aggregate number of shares of common stock or preferred stock purchasable upon exercise of the rights;

	●	the exercise price;

	●	the aggregate number of rights issued;

	●	the date, if any, on and after which the rights will be separately transferable;

	●	the date on which the right to exercise the rights will commence and the date on which the right will expire; and

	●	any other terms of the rights, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the distribution, exchange and exercise of the rights.

DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

As specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may issue units consisting of shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock or warrants or any combination of such securities.

The applicable prospectus supplement will specify the following terms of any units in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:

	●	the terms of the units and of any of the common stock, preferred stock and warrants comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances the securities comprising the units may be traded separately;

	●	a description of the terms of any unit agreement governing the units; and

	●	a description of the provisions for the payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell the securities offered through this prospectus (i) to or through underwriters or dealers, (ii) directly to purchasers, including our affiliates, (iii) through agents, or (iv) through a combination of any these methods. The securities may be distributed at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, market prices prevailing at the time of sale, prices related to the prevailing market prices, or negotiated prices. The prospectus supplement will include the following information:

	●	the terms of the offering;

	●	the names of any underwriters or agents;

	●	the name or names of any managing underwriter or underwriters;

	●	the purchase price of the securities;

	●	any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;

	●	the net proceeds from the sale of the securities;

	●	any delayed delivery arrangements;

	●	any underwriting discounts, commissions and other items constituting underwriters’ compensation;

	●	any initial public offering price;

	●	any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers;

	●	any commissions paid to agents; and

	●	any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed.

Sale Through Underwriters or Dealers

Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement are underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement.

If underwriters are used in the sale, the underwriters will acquire the securities for their own account, including through underwriting, purchase, security lending or repurchase agreements with us. The underwriters may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions. Underwriters may sell the securities in order to facilitate transactions in any of our other securities (described in this prospectus or otherwise), including other public or private transactions and short sales. Underwriters may offer securities to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to certain conditions, and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the offered securities if they purchase any of them. The underwriters may change from time to time any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers.

If dealers are used in the sale of securities offered through this prospectus, we will sell the securities to them as principals. They may then resell those securities to the public at varying prices determined by the dealers at the time of resale. The prospectus supplement will include the names of the dealers and the terms of the transaction.

Direct Sales and Sales Through Agents

We may sell the securities offered through this prospectus directly. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved. Such securities may also be sold through agents designated from time to time. The prospectus supplement will name any agent involved in the offer or sale of the offered securities and will describe any commissions payable to the agent. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, any agent will agree to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit purchases for the period of its appointment.

We may sell the securities directly to institutional investors or others who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any sale of those securities. The terms of any such sales will be described in the prospectus supplement.

Delayed Delivery Contracts

If the prospectus supplement indicates, we may authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers from certain types of institutions to purchase securities at the public offering price under delayed delivery contracts. These contracts would provide for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts would be subject only to those conditions described in the prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the commission payable for solicitation of those contracts.

Continuous Offering Program

Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, we may enter into a continuous offering program equity distribution agreement with a broker-dealer, under which we may offer and sell shares of our common stock from time to time through a broker-dealer as our sales agent. If we enter into such a program, sales of the shares of common stock, if any, will be made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the Nasdaq Capital Market or other market on which are shares may then trade at market prices, block transactions and such other transactions as agreed upon by us and the broker-dealer. Under the terms of such a program, we also may sell shares of common stock to the broker-dealer, as principal for its own account at a price agreed upon at the time of sale. If we sell shares of common stock to such broker-dealer as principal, we will enter into a separate terms agreement with such broker-dealer, and we will describe this agreement in a separate prospectus supplement or pricing supplement.

Market Making, Stabilization and Other Transactions

Unless the applicable prospectus supplement states otherwise, other than our common stock, all securities we offer under this prospectus will be a new issue and will have no established trading market. We may elect to list offered securities on an exchange or in the over-the-counter market. Any underwriters that we use in the sale of offered securities may make a market in such securities, but may discontinue such market making at any time without notice. Therefore, we cannot assure you that the securities will have a liquid trading market.

Any underwriter may also engage in stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Rule 104 under the Securities Exchange Act. Stabilizing transactions involve bids to purchase the underlying security in the open market for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of the securities. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions.

Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the securities originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in a syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions. Stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would be in the absence of the transactions. The underwriters may, if they commence these transactions, discontinue them at any time.

General Information

Agents, underwriters, and dealers may be entitled, under agreements entered into with us, to indemnification by us against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Our agents, underwriters, and dealers, or their affiliates, may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business.

LEGAL MATTERS

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the validity of the securities offered by this prospectus, and any supplement thereto, will be passed upon for us by Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP, New York, New York. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.

EXPERTS

The consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2024 and the related notes, have been audited by Marcum LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which includes an explanatory paragraph as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, which is incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements have been incorporated herein by reference in reliance on the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

This prospectus constitutes a part of a registration statement on Form S-3 filed under the Securities Act. As permitted by the SEC’s rules, this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, which form a part of the registration statement, do not contain all the information that is included in the registration statement. You will find additional information about us in the registration statement. Any statements made in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement concerning legal documents are not necessarily complete and you should read the documents that are filed as exhibits to the registration statement or otherwise filed with the SEC for a more complete understanding of the document or matter.

The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The SEC’s Internet site can be found at http://www.sec.gov. You can also obtain copies of materials we file with the SEC from our website found at www.cyngn.com. Information on our website does not constitute a part of, nor is it incorporated in any way, into this prospectus and should not be relied upon in connection with making an investment decision.

INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” into this prospectus the information in documents we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. Any statement contained in any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in or omitted from this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement, or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein, modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.

We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future documents that we file with the SEC (excluding any portion of such documents that are furnished and not filed with the SEC) under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (i) after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement and (ii) after the date of this prospectus until the offering of the securities is terminated:

	●	our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on March 6, 2025;

	●	our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on May 8, 2025 and August 7, 2025, respectively;

	●	our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 30, 2025, February 6, 2025, February 12, 2025, February 28, 2025, April 25, 2025, June 6, 2025, June 27, 2025, June 30, 2025, and August 15, 2025, excluding information “furnished pursuant to Items 2.02, 7.01 or 9.01; and

	●	the description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A registering our common stock under Section 12(b) under the Exchange Act, filed with the SEC on October 19, 2021.

$300,000,000

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Warrants

Rights

Units

PROSPECTUS

, 2025

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED SEPTEMBER 5, 2025

PROSPECTUS

CYNGN INC.

Up to $100,000,000

COMMON STOCK

We have entered into an ATM Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”), with Aegis Capital Corp. (“Aegis”) relating to the sale of shares of our common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, offered by this prospectus. In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, we may offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000 from time to time through or to Aegis, acting as our agent or principal.

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CYN.” On September 4, 2025, the last reported sale price for our common stock was $5.10 per share.

Sales of our common stock, if any, under this prospectus will be made in sales deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. Aegis is not required to sell any specific amount of securities but will act as our sales agent using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between Aegis and us. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust or similar arrangement.

The compensation to Aegis for sales of common stock sold pursuant to the Sales Agreement will be up to 3% of the gross proceeds of any shares of common stock sold under the Sales Agreement. In connection with the sale of the common stock on our behalf, Aegis will be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation of Aegis will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have also agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to Aegis with respect to certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before buying any of our securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors described in “Risk Factors” on page 4 of this prospectus, and under similar headings in other documents filed after the date hereof and incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Aegis Capital Corp.

The date of this prospectus is , 2025.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS	ii
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY	1
THE OFFERING	3
RISK FACTORS	4
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	5
USE OF PROCEEDS	6
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION	7
LEGAL MATTERS	8
EXPERTS	8
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION	8
INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE	9

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed on Form S-3 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), using a “shelf” registration process. By using a shelf registration statement, we may sell an unspecified amount of securities from time to time. Under this prospectus, we may offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000 from time to time through or to Aegis acting as our agent or principal at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of the offering. The $100,000,000 of shares of our common stock that may be sold under this prospectus are included in the $300,000,000 of shares of common stock that may be sold under the registration statement.

This prospectus relates to the offering of our common stock. Before buying any of the common stock that we are offering, we urge you to carefully read this prospectus, together with the information incorporated by reference as described under the heading “Incorporation by Reference.” These documents contain important information that you should consider when making your investment decision.

This prospectus describes the specific details regarding this offering and also adds to and updates information contained in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus, on the one hand, and the information contained in any document incorporated by reference in this prospectus, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus. If any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date—for example, a document incorporated by reference into this prospectus—the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.

We have not, and Aegis has not, authorized anyone to provide any information other than that contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We and Aegis take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We are not, and Aegis is not, making an offer to sell or soliciting an offer to buy our securities in any jurisdiction where an offer or solicitation is not authorized or in which the person making that offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make an offer or solicitation. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein, and in any free writing prospectus that we may authorize for use in connection with this offering, is accurate only as of the date of those respective documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. You should read this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize for use in connection with this offering, in their entirety before making an investment decision.

As used in this prospectus and unless otherwise indicated, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Cyngn,” or the “Company” refer to CYNGN Inc. and its consolidated subsidiary.

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights certain information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference into this prospectus and the accompanying base prospectus. The summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our common stock. After you read this summary, you should read and consider carefully the entire prospectus and the more detailed information and financial statements and related notes that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. If you invest in our shares, you are assuming a high degree of risk.

Overview

EAS is a suite of technologies and tools that we divide into three complementary categories:

DriveMod, our modular industrial vehicle autonomous driving software;

Our Corporate Information

Available Information

THE OFFERING

Common stock offered by us		Shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000.

Plan of Distribution		“At the market offering” that may be made from time to time on The Nasdaq Capital Market or other market for our common stock in the United States through or to Aegis, as our sales agent or principal. See the section entitled “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus.

Use of Proceeds		We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital. See “Use of Proceeds.”

Risk Factors		Please read “Risk Factors” and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in the securities offered in this prospectus.

Nasdaq Capital Market symbol		“CYN”

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before you decide to invest in our common stock, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below and in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K, together with all other information contained in this prospectus and in our filings with the SEC that we have incorporated by reference in this prospectus. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected, which, in turn, could have a negative impact on the price of our common stock. In these circumstances, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Relating to this Offering

We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.

Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering, including for any of the purposes described in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds,” and you will not have the opportunity as part of your investment decision to assess whether the net proceeds are being used appropriately. Because of the number and variability of factors that will determine our use of the net proceeds from this offering, their ultimate use may vary substantially from their currently intended use. Our management might not apply our net proceeds in ways that ultimately increase the value of your investment. We expect to use the net proceeds of this offering general corporate purposes, including working capital. We may also use the proceeds of this offering or a portion thereof for strategic transactions and growth initiatives, and other uses as the Company may determine in its discretion. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could harm our business. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in short- and intermediate term, investment-grade, interest-bearing securities. These investments may not yield a favorable return to our stockholders. If we do not invest or apply the net proceeds from this offering in ways that enhance stockholder value, we may fail to achieve expected financial results, which could cause our stock price to decline.

The actual number of shares we will issue under the Sales Agreement, at any one time or in total, is uncertain.

Subject to certain limitations in the Sales Agreement and compliance with applicable law, we have the discretion to deliver instructions to Aegis to sell shares of our common stock at any time throughout the term of the Sales Agreement. The number of shares that are sold through Aegis after our instruction will fluctuate based on a number of factors, including the market price of our common stock during the sales period, the limits we set with Aegis in any instruction to sell shares, and the demand for our common stock during the sales period. Because the price per share of each share sold will fluctuate during this offering, it is not currently possible to predict the number of shares that will be sold or the gross proceeds to be raised in connection with those sales.

The common stock offered hereby will be sold in “at the market offerings,” and investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.

Investors who purchase shares in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices, and so may experience different levels of dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. We will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold in this offering. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase in this offering as a result of sales made at prices lower than the prices they paid.

Future sales of our common stock could lower our stock price and dilute existing stockholders.

We may, in the future, sell additional shares of common stock in subsequent public or private offerings. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock or the effect, if any, that future sales and issuances of shares of our common stock will have on the market price of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our common stock. In addition, these sales may be dilutive to existing stockholders.

A large number of shares may be sold in the market following this offering, which may depress the market price of our common stock.

All of our shares of common stock sold in the offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act. As a result, a substantial number of our shares of common stock may be sold in the public market following this offering, which may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. If there are more shares of common stock offered for sale than buyers are willing to purchase, then the market price of our common stock may decline to a market price at which buyers are willing to purchase the offered shares of common stock and sellers remain willing to sell the shares of common stock.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements give current expectations or forecasts of future events or our future financial or operating performance. We may, in some cases, use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” or the negative of those terms, and similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements reflect our management’s beliefs and views with respect to future events, are based on estimates and assumptions as of the date of this prospectus and are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in these forward-looking statements. We discuss many of these risks in greater detail in this prospectus under “Risk Factors” and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 6, 2025 and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 8, 2025 and August 7, 2025, as well as those described in the other documents we file with the SEC. Moreover, new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by applicable laws or regulations.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We may issue and sell shares of our common stock having aggregate sales proceeds of up to $100,000,000 from time to time. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time.

We expect to use the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital. We may also use the proceeds of this offering or a portion thereof for strategic transactions and growth initiatives, and other uses as the Company may determine in its discretion.

The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors, including the factors described under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference herein, as well as the amount of cash used in our operations. We may find it necessary or advisable to use the net proceeds for other purposes, and we will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds. Pending the uses described above, we plan to invest the net proceeds from this offering in short- and intermediate-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing instruments.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We have entered into an ATM Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Aegis Capital Corp. (“Aegis”) pursuant to which we may issue and sell shares of our common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, through or to Aegis, acting as our sales agent or principal. Pursuant to this prospectus, we may issue and sell up to $100,000,000 of our common stock. This summary of the material provisions of the Sales Agreement does not purport to be a complete statement of its terms and conditions. A copy of the Sales Agreement is filed as an exhibit to this registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where You Can Find More Information” below.

Upon delivery of a placement notice and subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, Aegis may sell our common stock by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market or any other existing trading market for our common stock. We or Aegis may suspend the offering of our common stock upon notice and subject to other conditions.

We will pay Aegis in cash, upon each sale of our common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement, a commission in an amount of up to 3% of the gross sales price per share for any shares of common stock sold through Aegis acting as our sales agent under the Sales Agreement. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. We have also agreed to reimburse Aegis for certain specified expenses, including the fees and disbursements of its legal counsel in an aggregate amount not exceeding $75,000 Additionally, pursuant to the terms of the Sales Agreement, we agreed to reimburse Aegis for the documented fees and disbursements of its legal counsel reasonably incurred in connection with Aegis’s ongoing diligence arising from the transactions contemplated by the Sales Agreement in an amount not to exceed $7,500 per year. We estimate that the total expenses for the offering, excluding compensation and reimbursements payable to Aegis under the terms of the Sales Agreement, will be approximately $171,430.

Settlement for sales of common stock will occur on the second trading day following the date on which any sales are made, or on another date that is agreed upon by us and Aegis in connection with a particular transaction, in return for payment of the net proceeds to us. Sales of our common stock as contemplated in this prospectus will be settled through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company or by such other means as we and Aegis may agree upon. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in an escrow, trust or similar arrangement.

Aegis will use its commercially reasonable efforts, consistent with its sales and trading practices, to solicit offers to purchase shares of our common stock under the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Sales Agreement. In connection with the sale of the common stock on our behalf, Aegis will be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and the compensation of Aegis will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to Aegis against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

The offering of our common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement will terminate upon the termination of the Sales Agreement as permitted therein.

We have agreed to indemnify Aegis and specified other persons against certain liabilities relating to or arising out of Aegis’s activities under the Sales Agreement and to contribute to payments that Aegis may be required to make in respect of such liabilities.

Aegis and its affiliates may in the future provide various investment banking, commercial banking and other financial services for us and our affiliates, for which services they may in the future receive customary fees. To the extent required by Regulation M, Aegis will not engage in any market making activities involving our common stock while the offering is ongoing under this prospectus.

This prospectus and the accompanying base prospectus in electronic format may be made available on a website maintained by Aegis, and Aegis may distribute this prospectus and the accompanying base prospectus electronically.

LEGAL MATTERS

Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP, New York, New York, will pass upon certain legal matters relating to the issuance and sale of the securities offered hereby on behalf of Cyngn Inc. Aegis is being represented in connection with this offering by Kaufman & Canoles, P.C., Richmond, Virginia.

EXPERTS

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

	●	our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on March 6, 2025;

	●	our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on May 8, 2025 and August 7, 2025, respectively;

	●	our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 30, 2025, February 6, 2025, February 12, 2025, February 28, 2025, April 25, 2025, June 6, 2025, June 27, 2025, June 30, 2025, and August 15, 2025, excluding information “furnished pursuant to Items 2.02, 7.01 or 9.01; and

	●	the description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A registering our common stock under Section 12(b) under the Exchange Act, filed with the SEC on October 19, 2021.

Up to $100,000,000

Common Stock

PROSPECTUS

Aegis Capital Corp.

, 2025

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

The following table sets forth an estimate of the fees and expenses, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by us in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered. All amounts shown are estimates, except the SEC registration fee and FINRA filing fee.

Expense	Amount
SEC registration fee	$	45,930
FINRA filing fee		45,500
Legal fees and expenses		130,000	(1) (2)
Accounting fees and expenses		20,000	(1) (2)
Miscellaneous expenses		5,000	(2)
Total	$	246,430

(1)	Represents fees incurred in connection with the filing of this shelf registration statement and Sales Agreement. We will incur additional legal and accounting fees and expenses based on the type of securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time.

(2)	An estimate of the aggregate expenses in connection with the sale and distribution of securities being offered will be included in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Item 15. Indemnification of Officers and Directors.

Indemnification Agreements

On October 29, 2021, the Board of Directors entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers (the “D&O Indemnification Agreements”). The D&O Indemnification Agreements provide that the Corporation will indemnify each of its directors, executive officers, and such other key employees against any and all expenses incurred by that director or executive officer because of his or her status as one of the Corporation’s directors or executive officers, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law and the Corporation’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation. In addition, the D&O Indemnification Agreements provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, the Corporation will advance all expenses incurred by its directors, executive officers, and other key employees in connection with a legal proceeding involving his or her status as a director, executive officer, or key employee.

Limitation of Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors

Our certificate of incorporation, as amended and restated, limits the liability of directors to the maximum extent permitted by Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”). The DGCL provides that directors of a corporation will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors.

Our bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law, and may indemnify employees and other agents. Our bylaws also provide that we are obligated to advance expenses incurred by a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of any action or proceeding.

Our bylaws, subject to the provisions of the DGCL contain provisions which allow the corporation to indemnify any person against liabilities and other expenses incurred as the result of defending or administering any pending or anticipated legal issue in connection with service to us if it is determined that person acted in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed was in the best interest of the corporation. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 as amended, or the Securities Act, may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons, we have been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.

The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might provide a benefit to us and our stockholders. Our results of operations and financial condition may be harmed to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.

At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors or officers as to which indemnification is required or permitted, and we are not aware of any threatened litigation or proceeding that may result in a claim for indemnification.

II-1

Item 16. Exhibits.

Exhibit Number		Description
1.1*		Form of Underwriting Agreement
1.2		ATM Sales Agreement, dated September 5, 2025, by and between the Registrant and Aegis Capital Corp.
3.1		Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
3.2		Certificate of Amendment to the Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
3.3		Second Certificate of Amendment to the Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
3.4		Third Certificate of Amendment to the Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
3.5		Fourth Certificate of Amendment to the Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
3.6		Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 19, 2021.
3.7		Certificate of Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.8 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-275530) filed with the SEC on November 28, 2023.
3.8		Certificate of Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 9, 2024.
3.9		Certificate of Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated January 30, 2025 incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 6, 2025.
3.10		Certificate of Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated February 7, 2025 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 12, 2025.
3.11		Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.8 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
3.12		Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restate Bylaws, effective May 7, 2024, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 10, 2024
4.1*		Form of Certificate of Designation
4.2*		Form of Preferred Stock Certificate
4.3*		Form of Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate
4.4*		Form of Stock Purchase Agreement
4.5*		Form of Rights Agreement and Form of Rights Certificate
4.6*		Form of Unit Agreement and Unit Certificate
5.1		Opinion of Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP
5.2		Opinion of Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP relating to the ATM Prospectus
23.1		Consent of Marcum LLP
23.2		Consent of Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
23.3		Consent of Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP (included in Exhibit 5.2)
24.1		Power of Attorney (included on the signature page)
107		Filing Fee Table

*	To be filed, if applicable, by amendment or by a Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated by reference herein.

II-2

Item 17. Undertakings.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:

(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;

(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective Registration Statement; and

(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement;

provided, however, that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:

(A) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5) or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which the prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; and

(5) The undersigned hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(6) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers, and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer, or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

II-3

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Mountain View, California, on September 5, 2025.

CYNGN INC.

By:	/s/ Lior Tal
	Lior Tal
	Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

By:	/s/ Natalie Russell
	Natalie Russell
	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Lior Tal and Natalie Russell and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents with full power of substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, and to sign any registration statement for the same offering covered by the registration statement that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated under the Securities Act, and all post-effective amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, his, hers or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done or by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

SIGNATURE	TITLE	DATE

/s/ Lior Tal	Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and Director	September 5, 2025
Lior Tal

/s/ Natalie Russell	Chief Financial Officer	September 5, 2025
Natalie Russell

/s/ Karen Macleod	Director	September 5, 2025
Karen Macleod

/s/ Colleen Cunningham	Director	September 5, 2025
Colleen Cunningham

/s/ James McDonnell	Director	September 5, 2025
James McDonnell

II-4

Exhibit 1.2

CYNGN INC.

Common Stock

(par value $0.00001 per share)

At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement

September 5, 2025

Aegis Capital Corp.

1345 Avenue of the Americas, 27th Floor

New York, N.Y. 10015

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Cyngn Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), confirms its agreement (this “Agreement”) with Aegis Capital Corp. (“Aegis”), as follows:

Section 1. Issuance and Sale of Shares. The Company agrees to issue and sell through or to Aegis, as its exclusive sales agent, shares (the “Placement Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Common Stock”), from time to time during the term of this Agreement and on the terms set forth in this Agreement; provided however, that in no event will the Company issue or sell through Aegis such dollar amount of Placement Shares that would exceed the lesser of $100,000,000 million or the Company’s maximum offering amount permitted under its then current shelf registration capacity using Form S-3 in the aggregate (the “Maximum Amount”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties hereto agree that compliance with the limitations set forth in this Section 1 on the amount of Placement Shares issued and sold under this Agreement will be the sole responsibility of the Company and that Aegis will have no obligation in connection with such compliance, provided that Aegis follows the lawful trading instructions provided by the Company pursuant to any Placement Notice in all material respects. The issuance and sale of Placement Shares through Aegis will be effected pursuant to the Registration Statement (as defined below) filed by the Company and declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), although nothing in this Agreement will be construed as requiring the Company to use the Registration Statement to issue Common Stock. Certain capitalized terms used in this Agreement have the meanings ascribed to them in Section 25.

The Company has filed with the SEC, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Securities Act Regulations”), a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333- ), including a base prospectus, relating to certain securities, including the Placement Shares, to be issued from time to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference documents that the Company has filed or will file in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations thereunder. The Company has prepared a prospectus supplement specifically relating to the Placement Shares (the “Prospectus Supplement”) to the base prospectus included as part of the registration statement. The Company will furnish to Aegis, for use by it, copies of the base prospectus included as part of the registration statement, as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, relating to the Placement Shares. Except when the context otherwise requires, such registration statement, including all documents filed as part thereof or incorporated by reference therein, and including any information contained in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act Regulations or deemed to be a part of the registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B of the Securities Act Regulations, is herein called the “Registration Statement.” The base prospectus, including all documents incorporated therein by reference, included in the Registration Statement, as it may be supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, in the form in which the prospectus and/or Prospectus Supplement have most recently been filed by the Company with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act Regulations is herein called the “Prospectus.” Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto will be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein, and any reference herein to the terms “amend,” “amendment,” or “supplement” respecting the Registration Statement or the Prospectus will be deemed to refer to and include the filing after the execution hereof of any document with the SEC deemed to be incorporated by reference therein (the “Incorporated Documents”).

For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or to any amendment or supplement thereto will be deemed to include the most recent copy filed with the SEC pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval System, or if applicable, the Interactive Data Electronic Application system when used by the SEC (collectively, “EDGAR”).

Section 2. Placements. Each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell Placement Shares hereunder (each, a “Placement”), it will notify Aegis by email notice (or other method mutually agreed to in writing by the parties) of the number of Placement Shares to be issued, the period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number of Placement Shares that may be sold in any one day, and any minimum price below which sales may not be made (a “Placement Notice”), the form of which is attached hereto as Schedule 1. The Placement Notice will originate from any of the individuals from the Company set forth on Schedule 3 (with a copy to each of the other individuals from the Company listed on the schedule) and will be addressed to each of the individuals from Aegis set forth on Schedule 3, as Schedule 3 may be amended from time to time. The Placement Notice will be effective unless and until: (a) Aegis declines to accept the terms contained therein for any reason, in its sole discretion, by notice to the Company within two (2) Business Days after the receipt of such Placement Notice; (b) the entire amount of the Placement Shares thereunder have been sold; (c) the Company suspends or terminates the Placement Notice; or (d) the Agreement has been terminated under the provisions of Section 13. The amount of any discount, commission, or other compensation to be paid by the Company to Aegis in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares will be calculated in accordance with the terms set forth in Schedule 2. Neither the Company nor Aegis will have any obligation whatsoever respecting a Placement or any Placement Shares unless and until the Company delivers a Placement Notice to Aegis and Aegis does not decline such Placement Notice pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then only upon the terms specified therein and herein. In the event of a conflict between the terms of Section 2, Section 3, and Section 4 of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement Notice, the terms of the Placement Notice will control.

Section 3. Sale of Placement Shares by Aegis. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Aegis, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules, and regulations and the rules of the Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Exchange”), to sell the Placement Shares up to the amount specified, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of such Placement Notice. Aegis will provide written confirmation to the Company no later than the opening of the Trading Day (as defined below) immediately following the Trading Day on which it has sold Placement Shares hereunder, setting forth the number of Placement Shares sold on such day, the compensation payable by the Company to Aegis pursuant to Section 2 for such sales, and the Net Proceeds (as defined below) payable to the Company, with an itemization of the deductions made by Aegis (as set forth in Section 5(b)) from the gross proceeds that it receives from such sales. Subject to the terms of the Placement Notice, Aegis may sell Placement Shares by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act Regulations, including sales made directly on the Exchange or on any other existing trading market or directly to Aegis as principal in negotiated transactions for the Common Stock or to or through a market maker. Subject to the terms of a Placement Notice, Aegis may also sell Placement Shares by any other method permitted by law, including in privately negotiated transactions, with the Company’s consent. “Trading Day” means any day on which Common Stock is purchased and sold on the Exchange.

Section 4. Suspension of Sales. The Company or Aegis may, upon notice to the other party in writing (including by email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3, if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged by any of the individuals to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed immediately by verifiable email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3), suspend any sale of Placement Shares; provided, however, that such suspension will not affect or impair any party’s obligations respecting any Placement Shares sold hereunder prior to the receipt of such notice. While a suspension is in effect, any obligation under Section 7(l), Section 7(m), and Section 7(n) with respect to delivery of certificates, opinions and comfort letters to Aegis shall be waived. Each of the parties agrees that no such notice under this Section 4 will be effective against any other party unless it is made to one of the individuals named on Schedule 3 hereto, as such schedule may be amended from time to time.

Section 5. Sale and Delivery to Aegis; Settlement.

(a) Sale of Placement Shares. On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, upon Aegis’s acceptance of the terms of a Placement Notice, and unless the sale of the Placement Shares described therein has been declined, suspended, or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, Aegis, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of the Exchange to sell such Placement Shares up to the amount specified, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of such Placement Notice. The Company acknowledges and agrees that: (i) there can be no assurance that Aegis will be successful in selling Placement Shares; (ii) Aegis will incur no liability or obligation to the Company or any other Person (as defined herein) if it does not sell Placement Shares for any reason other than a failure by Aegis to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell such Placement Shares as required under this Agreement; and (iii) Aegis will be under no obligation to purchase Placement Shares on a principal basis pursuant to this Agreement, except as otherwise agreed by Aegis and the Company.

(b) Settlement of Placement Shares. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement Notice, settlement for sales of Placement Shares will occur on the second Trading Day (or such earlier day as is industry practice for regular-way trading) following the date on which such sales are made (each, a “Settlement Date”). Aegis shall notify the Company of each sale of Placement Shares no later than opening day following the Trading Day that Aegis sold Placement Shares. The amount of proceeds to be delivered to the Company on a Settlement Date against receipt of the Placement Shares sold (the “Net Proceeds”) will be equal to the aggregate sales price received by Aegis, after deduction for: (i) Aegis’s commission, discount, or other compensation for such sales payable by the Company pursuant to Section 2 hereof, and (ii) any transaction fees imposed by any governmental or self-regulatory organization for such sales.

(c) Delivery of Placement Shares. On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically transfer the Placement Shares being sold by crediting Aegis’s or its designee’s account (provided Aegis will have given the Company written notice of such designee at least one (1) Business Day prior to the Settlement Date) at The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto, which in all cases will be freely tradable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form. On each Settlement Date, Aegis will deliver the related Net Proceeds in same-day funds to an account designated by the Company on, or prior to, the Settlement Date. The Company agrees that if the Company, or its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its obligation to deliver Placement Shares on a Settlement Date through no fault of Aegis, that in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in Section 11(a) hereto, it will: (i) hold Aegis harmless against any loss, claim, damage, or expense (including reasonable and documented legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company or its transfer agent (if applicable); and (ii) pay to Aegis (without duplication) any commission, discount, or other compensation to which it would otherwise have been entitled absent such default.

(d) Limitations on Offering Size. Under no circumstances will the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares if, after giving effect to the sale of such Placement Shares, the aggregate gross sales proceeds of Placement Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement would exceed the lesser of: (i) together with all sales of Placement Shares under this Agreement, the Maximum Amount; or (ii) the amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under this Agreement by the Company’s board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof, or a duly authorized executive committee, and notified to Aegis in writing. Under no circumstances will the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement at a price lower than the minimum price authorized from time to time by the Company’s board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof, or a duly authorized executive committee, and notified to Aegis in writing.

Section 6. Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, Aegis that as of the date of this Agreement and as of each Applicable Time (as defined below), unless such representation, warranty or agreement specifies a different date or time:

(a) Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Company and, assuming no act or omission on the part of Aegis that would make such statement untrue, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement meet the requirements for and comply with the conditions for the use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. The Registration Statement has been filed with the SEC and has been declared effective under the Securities Act. The Prospectus Supplement will name Aegis as the agent in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.” The Company has not received, and has no notice of, any order of the SEC preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement or threatening or instituting proceedings for that purpose. The Registration Statement and the offer and sale of Placement Shares as contemplated hereby meet the requirements of Rule 415 under the Securities Act and comply in all material respects with said Rule. Any statutes, regulations, contracts, or other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement have been so described or filed. Copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and any such amendments or supplements and all documents incorporated by reference therein that were filed with the SEC on or prior to the date of this Agreement have been delivered, or are available through EDGAR, to Aegis and its counsel. The Company has not distributed and, prior to the later to occur of each Settlement Date and completion of the distribution of the Placement Shares, will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering or sale of the Placement Shares other than the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) to which Aegis has consented, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. The Common Stock is currently listed on the Exchange under the trading symbol “CYN.” Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, including the Incorporated Documents, the Company has not received notice from the Exchange to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the Exchange’s listing or maintenance requirements. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, including the Incorporated Documents, or the Prospectus, the Company has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements.

(b) No Misstatement or Omission. The Registration Statement, when it became effective, and the Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto, on the date of such Prospectus or amendment or supplement, conformed and will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. At each Settlement Date, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as of such date, will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. The Registration Statement, when it became or becomes effective, did not, and will not, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus and any amendment and supplement thereto, on the date thereof and at each Applicable Time (defined below), did not or will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The documents incorporated by reference in the Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement did not, and any further documents filed and incorporated by reference therein will not, when filed with the SEC, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated in such document or necessary to make the statements in such document, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The foregoing will not apply to statements in, or omissions from, any such document made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Company by Aegis specifically for use in the preparation thereof. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto has been issued, and no proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act has been initiated or threatened by the SEC.

(c) Conformity with Securities Act and Exchange Act. The Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, and the documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, when such documents were or are filed with the SEC under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or became or become effective under the Securities Act, as the case may be, conformed or will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable.

(d) Financial Information. The consolidated financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, together with the related notes and schedules, complied as to form in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto as in effect as of the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except: (i) as may be otherwise indicated in such financial statements or the notes thereto; or (ii) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotes or may be condensed or summary statements) and fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the consolidated results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the periods specified (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments that will not be material, either individually or in the aggregate); the other financial and statistical data respecting the Company and the Subsidiaries contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, are accurately and fairly presented and prepared on a basis consistent with the financial statements and books and records of the Company; there are no financial statements (historical or pro forma) that are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that are not included or incorporated by reference as required; the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) do not have any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), not described in the Registration Statement (including the exhibits thereto) and the Prospectus that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (including exhibits thereto and Incorporated Documents); and all disclosures contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, regarding “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC) comply in all material respects with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, to the extent applicable.

(e) Conformity with EDGAR Filing. The Prospectus delivered to Aegis for use in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement will be identical to the versions of the Prospectus created to be transmitted to the SEC for filing via EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.

(f) Organization. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are, and will be, duly organized, validly existing as a corporation, limited partnership, limited liability company, or other legal entity, and in good standing under the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are, and will be, duly qualified as a foreign corporation for transaction of business and in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which their respective ownership or lease of property or the conduct of their respective businesses requires such qualification, and have all corporate power and authority necessary to own or hold their respective properties and to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect or would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the assets, business, operations, earnings, properties, condition (financial or otherwise), prospects, stockholders’ equity, or results of operations of the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) taken as a whole, or prevent or materially interfere with consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby (a “Material Adverse Effect”).

(g) Subsidiaries. The subsidiaries set forth on Schedule 4 (collectively, the “Subsidiaries”), are the Company’s only subsidiaries. Except as set forth in the Prospectus, the Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the equity interests of the Subsidiaries free and clear of any material lien, charge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, or other restriction, and all the equity interests of the Subsidiaries are validly issued and are fully paid, nonassessable, and free of preemptive and similar rights.

(h) No Violation or Default. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is: (i) in violation of its charter or bylaws or similar organizational documents; (ii) in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant, or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, or other similar agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party, by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound, or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are subject; or (iii) in violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule, or regulation of any court, arbitrator, or governmental or regulatory authority, except, in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for any such violation or default that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. To the Company’s knowledge, no other party under any material contract or other agreement to which it or any of its Subsidiaries is a party is in default in any respect thereunder where such default would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(i) No Material Adverse Change. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and the Free Writing Prospectuses, if any (including any document deemed incorporated by reference therein), there has not been: (i) any Material Adverse Effect, or the occurrence of any development that is reasonably likely to result in a prospective Material Adverse Effect, in or affecting the business, properties, management, financial, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, or prospects of the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole; (ii) any transaction that is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole; (iii) any obligation or liability, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), incurred by the Company or any Subsidiary, that is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole; (iv) any material change in the capital stock (other than as a result of the sale of Placement Shares) or outstanding long-term indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; or (v) any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid, or made on the capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary, other than in each case above, in the ordinary course of business or as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including any document deemed incorporated by reference therein).

(j) Capitalization. The issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been validly issued, are fully paid, and nonassessable. The Company has an authorized, issued, and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as of the dates referred to therein (other than the grant of additional equity awards under the Company’s then existing stock plans or changes in the number of outstanding Common Stock of the Company due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise or conversion of securities exercisable for, or convertible into, Common Stock outstanding on the date hereof or as a result of the issuance of Placement Shares), and such authorized capital stock conforms to the description thereof set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. The description of the Common Stock in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus is complete and accurate in all material respects. Except as disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as of the date referred to therein, the Company did not have reserved or available for issuance any shares of Common Stock in respect of options, any rights or warrants to subscribe for, any securities or obligations convertible into or exchangeable for, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell, any shares of capital stock or other securities.

(k) Authorization; Enforceability. The Company has full legal right, power, and authority to enter into this Agreement and perform the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed, and delivered by the Company and is a legal, valid, and binding agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that: (i) enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles; and (ii) the indemnification and contribution provisions of Section 11 hereof may be limited by federal or state securities laws and public policy considerations in respect thereof.

(l) Authorization of Placement Shares. The Placement Shares, when issued and delivered pursuant to the terms approved by the board of directors of the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof, or a duly authorized executive committee, against payment therefor as provided herein, will be duly authorized, validly issued, and fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest, or other claim, including any statutory or contractual preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal, or other similar rights, and will be registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act. The Placement Shares, when issued, will conform in all material respects to the description thereof set forth in or incorporated into the Prospectus.

(m) No Consents Required. No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration, or qualification of or with any court or arbitrator or any governmental or regulatory authority is required for the execution, delivery, and performance by the Company of this Agreement, and the issuance and sale by the Company of the Placement Shares as contemplated hereby, except for such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders, and registrations or qualifications as may be required under applicable state securities laws or by the bylaws and rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) or the Exchange in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares by Aegis.

(n) No Preferential Rights. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus: (i) no person, as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Act (each, a “Person”), has the right, contractual or otherwise, to cause the Company to issue or sell to such Person any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company (other than upon the exercise of options or warrants to purchase Common Stock or upon the exercise of options that may be granted from time to time under the Company’s stock option plans); (ii) no Person has any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal, or any other rights (whether pursuant to a “poison pill” provision or otherwise) to purchase any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company from the Company; (iii) except for Aegis, no Person has the right to act as an underwriter or as a financial advisor to the Company in connection with the offer and sale of the Placement Shares; and (iv) no Person has the right, contractual or otherwise, to require the Company to register under the Securities Act any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company, or to include any such shares or other securities in the Registration Statement or the offering contemplated thereby, whether as a result of the filing or effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the sale of the Placement Shares as contemplated thereby or otherwise.

(o) Independent Public Accountant. Marcum LLP (the “Accountants”), whose reports on the consolidated financial statements of the Company are filed with the SEC as part of the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement, are and, during the periods covered by its report, were an independent registered public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). To the Company’s knowledge, after due inquiry, the Company’s current independent registered accounting firm CBIZ CPAs P.C. are not in violation of the auditor independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) respecting the Company.

(p) Enforceability of Agreements. To the Company’s knowledge, all agreements between the Company and third parties expressly referenced in the Prospectus, other than such agreements that have expired by their terms or whose termination is disclosed in documents filed by the Company on EDGAR, are legal, valid, and binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, except to the extent that: (i) enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles; and (ii) the indemnification provisions of certain agreements may be limited by federal or state securities laws or public policy considerations in respect thereof, except for any unenforceability that, individually or in the aggregate, would not unreasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(q) Regulatory Filings. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has failed to file with the applicable governmental authorities any required filing, declaration, listing, registration, report or submission, except for such failures that, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, all such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions were in compliance with applicable laws when filed and no deficiencies have been asserted by any applicable regulatory authority with respect to any such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions, except for any deficiencies that, individually or in the aggregate, would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

(r) No Litigation. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus: (i) there are no legal, governmental, or regulatory actions, suits, or proceedings pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, any legal, governmental, or regulatory investigations to which the Company, or a Subsidiary, or any of their respective directors, officers, or controlling Persons is a party or to which any property of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is the subject that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or materially and adversely affect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (ii) to the Company’s knowledge, no actions, suits, or proceedings are threatened or contemplated by any governmental or regulatory authority or threatened by others against the Company, a Subsidiary, or any of their respective directors, officers, or controlling Persons that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; (iii) there are no current or pending legal, governmental, or regulatory, actions, suits, proceedings or, to the Company’s knowledge, investigations that are required under the Securities Act to be described in the Prospectus that are not described in the Prospectus; and (iv) there are no contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that are not so filed.

(s) Licenses and Permits. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and each of its Subsidiaries possess or have obtained all licenses, certificates, consents, orders, approvals, permits, and other authorizations issued by, and have made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local, or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities that are necessary for the ownership or lease of their respective properties or the conduct of their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (the “Permits”), except where the failure to possess, obtain, or make the same would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, neither the Company nor its Subsidiaries have received written notice of any proceeding relating to revocation or modification of any such Permit or have any reason to believe that such Permit will not be renewed in the ordinary course, except when the failure to obtain any such renewal would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(t) S-3 Eligibility. (i) At the time of filing the Registration Statement; and (ii) if applicable, at the time of the most recent amendment thereto for the purposes of complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act (whether such amendment was by post-effective amendment, incorporated report filed pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, or form of prospectus), the Company met the requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act, up to the Maximum Amount. The Company is not a shell company (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) and has never been a shell company.

(u) No Material Defaults. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, the Company has not filed a report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act since the filing of its last Annual Report on Form 10-K, indicating that it: (i) has failed to pay any dividend or sinking fund installment on preferred stock; or (ii) has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(v) Certain Market Activities. Neither the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, nor any of their respective directors, officers, or controlling Persons has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed, or that has constituted or might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Placement Shares.

(w) Broker-Dealer Relationships. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries or any related entities: (i) are required to register as a “broker” or “dealer” in accordance with the provisions of the Exchange Act; or (ii) directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, control or are a “person associated with a member” or “associated person of a member” (within the meaning set forth in the FINRA rules). To the Company’s knowledge, there are no affiliations or associations between any member of FINRA and any of the Company’s officers, directors or 10% or greater security holders, except as set forth in the Registration Statement. All of the information (including, but not limited to, information regarding affiliations, security ownership and trading activity) provided to Aegis or its counsel by the Company, its officers and directors and the holders of any securities (debt or equity) or warrants, options or rights to acquire any securities of the Company in connection with the filing to be made and other supplemental information to be provided to FINRA pursuant to Rule 5110 of FINRA in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement is true, complete and correct, and copies of any Company filings required to be filed with FINRA have been filed with the Commission or delivered to the Sales Agent for filing with FINRA.

(x) No Reliance. The Company has not relied upon Aegis or legal counsel for Aegis for any legal, tax, or accounting advice in connection with the offering and sale of the Placement Shares.

(y) Taxes. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local, and foreign tax returns that have been required to be filed and paid all taxes shown thereon through the date hereof, to the extent that such taxes have become due and are not being contested in good faith, except when the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as otherwise disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, no tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has no knowledge of any federal, state, or other governmental tax deficiency, penalty, or assessment that has been or might be asserted or threatened against it that could have a Material Adverse Effect.

(z) Title to Real and Personal Property. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have good and defensible title to all of their real and personal property owned by them that are material to the business of the Company or such Subsidiary, or to the Company’s financial condition, in each case, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, and defects, except as described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus or that do not materially affect the value of the properties of the Company and its Subsidiaries, considered as one enterprise, and do not interfere in any material respect with the use made and proposed to be made of such properties by the Company and its Subsidiaries, considered as one enterprise; and all of the leases, subleases, and other rights under which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries holds or uses properties described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus are in full force and effect, with such exceptions as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any notice of any material claim of any sort that has been asserted by anyone adverse to the rights of the Company or its Subsidiaries under any of the leases, subleases, and other rights mentioned above, or affecting or questioning the rights of the Company or any Subsidiary thereof to the continued possession or use of the leased or subleased premises or the premises granted by leases, subleases, and other rights. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have the consents, easements, rights-of-way, or licenses from any Person as are necessary to enable them to conduct their business in the manner described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, subject to such qualifications as may be set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and except for the consents, easements, rights-of-way, or licenses the lack of which would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

(aa) Intellectual Property. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, to the Company’s knowledge, the Company and its Subsidiaries own or possess adequate enforceable rights to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks (both registered and unregistered), service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses, and know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems, or procedures) (collectively, the “Intellectual Property”), necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses as conducted as of the date hereof, except to the extent that the failure to own or possess adequate rights to use such Intellectual Property would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; except as disclosed in writing to Aegis, the Company and any of its Subsidiaries have not received any written notice of any claim of infringement or conflict that asserted Intellectual Property rights of others, which infringement or conflict, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, would result in a Material Adverse Effect; there are no pending, or to the Company’s knowledge, threatened judicial proceedings or interference proceedings against the Company or its Subsidiaries challenging the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ rights in or to or the validity of the scope of any of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ material patents, patent applications, or proprietary information; to the Company’s knowledge, no other entity or individual has any right or claim in any of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ owned, material patents, patent applications, or any patent to be issued therefrom by virtue of any contract, license, or other agreement entered into between such entity or individual and the Company or a Subsidiary or by any non-contractual obligation of the Company or a Subsidiary, other than by written licenses granted by the Company or a Subsidiary; the Company and its Subsidiaries have not received any written notice of any claim challenging the rights of the Company or a Subsidiary in or to any Intellectual Property owned, licensed, or optioned by the Company or such Subsidiary that, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, would result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(bb) Environmental Laws. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries: (i) are in compliance with any and all applicable federal, state, local, and foreign laws, rules, regulations, decisions, and orders relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment, hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants, or contaminants (collectively, “Environmental Laws”); (ii) have received and are in compliance with all permits, licenses, or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; (iii) have not received notice of any actual or potential liability for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants, or contaminants, except, in the case of any of clauses (i), (ii), or (iii) above, for any such failure to comply or failure to receive required permits, licenses, other approvals or liability as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (iv) there are no costs or liabilities arising under Environmental Laws respecting the operation of the Company’s and each of its Subsidiaries’ properties (including any capital or operating expenditures required for clean-up or closure of the properties, compliance with Environmental Laws, any permit, license, or approval or any related legal constraints or operating activities, and any potential liabilities of third parties assumed under contract by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries) that would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(cc) Disclosure Controls. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintain systems of internal accounting controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken respecting any differences. The Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting (other than as set forth in the Prospectus or the Incorporated Documents). Since the date of the latest audited financial statements of the Company included in the Prospectus, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (other than as set forth in the Prospectus). The Company has established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15) for the Company and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to provide reasonable assurance that material information relating to the Company and each of its Subsidiaries is made known to the certifying officers by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as the case may be, is being prepared. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of the Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no significant changes in the Company’s internal controls (as such term is defined in Item 307(b) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act) (other than as set forth in the Prospectus). Except as disclosed in the Company’s public filings with the SEC, to the knowledge of the Company, the Company’s “internal controls over financial reporting” and “disclosure controls and procedures” are effective.

(dd) Sarbanes-Oxley. There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of the Company’s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply in all material respects with any applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Each of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer of the Company (or each former principal executive officer of the Company and each former principal financial officer of the Company as applicable) has made all certifications required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act respecting all reports, schedules, forms, statements, and other documents required to be filed by it or furnished by it to the SEC. For purposes of the preceding sentence, “principal executive officer” and “principal financial officer” will have the meanings given to such terms in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

(ee) Finder’s Fees. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has incurred any liability for any finder’s fees, brokerage commissions, or similar payments in connection with the transactions herein contemplated, except as may otherwise exist respecting Aegis pursuant to this Agreement.

(ff) Labor Disputes. No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is threatened that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(gg) Investment Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries is or, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Placement Shares, will be an “investment company” or an entity “controlled” by an “investment company,” as such terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), and the Company and its Subsidiaries and will conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become subject to the Investment Company Act.

(hh) Operations. To the knowledge of the Company, the operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions to which the Company or its Subsidiaries are subject, the rules and regulations thereunder, and any related or similar rules, regulations, or guidelines, issued, administered, or enforced by any governmental agency having jurisdiction over the Company (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; and no action, suit, or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority, or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries respecting the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

(ii) Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. There are no transactions, arrangements, and other relationships between and/or among the Company, and/or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of its affiliates and any unconsolidated entity, including any structural finance, special purpose, or limited purpose entity (each, an “Off Balance Sheet Transaction”) that could reasonably be expected to affect materially the Company’s liquidity or the availability of or requirements for its capital resources, including those Off Balance Sheet Transactions described in the SEC’s Statement about Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations (Release Nos. 33-8056; 34-45321; FR-61), required to be described in the Prospectus that have not been described as required.

(jj) Underwriter Agreements. The Company is not a party to any agreement with an agent or underwriter for any other “at-the-market” or continuous equity transaction.

(kk) ERISA. To the knowledge of the Company: (i) each material employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), that is maintained, administered, or contributed to by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (other than a Multiemployer Plan, within the meaning of Section 3(37) of ERISA) for employees or former employees of the Company and any of its Subsidiaries has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules, and regulations, including ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”); (ii) no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred respecting any such plan (excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption); and (iii) for each such plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, no “accumulated funding deficiency” as defined in Section 412 of the Code has been incurred, whether or not waived, and the fair market value of the assets of each such plan (excluding for these purposes accrued but unpaid contributions) equals or exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such plan determined using reasonable actuarial assumptions, other than, in the case of (i), (ii), and (iii) above, as would reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect.

(ll) Margin Rules. Neither the issuance, sale, and delivery of the Placement Shares nor the application of the proceeds thereof by the Company as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U, or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors.

(mm) Insurance. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries carry, or are covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as the Company and each of its Subsidiaries reasonably believe are adequate for the conduct of their properties and as is customary for companies of similar size engaged in similar businesses in similar industries.

(nn) No Improper Practices. (i) Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, the Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers or directors has, in the past five years, made any unlawful contributions to any candidate for any political office (or failed fully to disclose any contribution in violation of law) or made any contribution or other payment to any official of, or candidate for, any federal, state, municipal, or foreign office or other Person charged with similar public or quasi-public duty in violation of any law or of the character required to be disclosed in the Prospectus; (ii) no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Subsidiary or any affiliate of any of them, on the one hand, and the directors, officers and stockholders of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Subsidiary, on the other hand, that is required by the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described; (iii) no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any Subsidiary or any affiliate of them, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders, or directors of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Subsidiary, on the other hand, that is required by the rules of FINRA to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described; (iv) except as described in the Prospectus, there are no material outstanding loans or advances or material guarantees of indebtedness by the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Subsidiary to or for the benefit of any of their respective officers or directors or any of the members of the families of any of them; and (v) the Company has not offered, or caused any placement agent to offer, Common Stock to any Person with the intent to influence unlawfully: (1) a customer or supplier of the Company or any Subsidiary to alter the customer’s or supplier’s level or type of business with the Company or any Subsidiary; or (2) a trade journalist or publication to write or publish favorable information about the Company or any Subsidiary or any of their respective products or services; and (vi) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any officer, director, employee or agent of the Company or any Subsidiary has made any payment of funds of the Company or any Subsidiary or received or retained any funds in violation of any law, rule, or regulation (including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977), which payment, receipt, or retention of funds is of a character required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.

(oo) Status under the Securities Act. The Company was not and is not an ineligible issuer as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act at the times specified in Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act in connection with the offering of the Placement Shares.

(pp) No Misstatement or Omission in an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and as of each Applicable Time (as defined in Section 25 below), did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any incorporated document deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified. The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by Aegis specifically for use therein.

(qq) No Conflicts. None of the execution of this Agreement; the issuance, offering, or sale of the Placement Shares; the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated herein; or the compliance by the Company with the terms and provisions hereof will conflict with or result in a breach of any of the terms and provisions of; constitute or will constitute a default under; or has resulted in or will result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge, or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company pursuant to the terms of any contract or other agreement to which the Company may be bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company is subject, except: (i) such conflicts, breaches, or defaults as may have been waived; and (ii) such conflicts, breaches, and defaults that would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; nor will such action result in any violation of the provisions of the organizational or governing documents of the Company or in any material violation of the provisions of any statute or any order, rule, or regulation applicable to the Company or of any court or of any federal, state, or other regulatory authority or other government body having jurisdiction over the Company, except where such violation would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(rr) Regulatory Compliance.

(i) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries (each, an “Entity”) nor any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate, or representative of the Entity, is a government, individual, or entity that is owned or controlled by any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate, or representative of the Entity that is:

(1) the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”); or

(2) located, organized, or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions (including Burma/Myanmar, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria).

(ii) The Company, on behalf of each Entity, represents and covenants that it will not, directly or indirectly, use, lend, contribute, or otherwise make available the proceeds of the offering governed by this Agreement to any subsidiary, joint venture partner, or other director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate, or representative of the Entity:

(1) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions; or

(2) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor, or otherwise).

(iii) Except as detailed in the Prospectus, for the past five years, the Entity has not knowingly engaged in, is not now knowingly engaged in, and will not engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions.

(ss) Stock Transfer Taxes. On each Settlement Date, all stock transfer or other taxes (other than income taxes) that are required to be paid in connection with the sale and transfer of the Placement Shares to be sold hereunder will be, or will have been, fully paid or provided for by the Company and all laws imposing such taxes will be or will have been fully complied with in all material respects.

Any certificate signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to Aegis or to counsel for Aegis pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement will be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company, as applicable, to Aegis as to the matters set forth therein. The Company acknowledges that Aegis and, for purposes of the opinions to be delivered pursuant to Section 7 hereof, counsel to the Company and counsel to Aegis, will rely upon the accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations and hereby consents to such reliance.

Section 7. Covenants of the Company. The Company covenants and agrees with Aegis that:

(a) Registration Statement Amendments. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which a Prospectus relating to any Placement Shares is required to be delivered by Aegis under the Securities Act (including in circumstances when such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act): (i) the Company will notify Aegis promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment to the Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference, has been filed with the SEC and/or has become effective or any subsequent supplement to the Prospectus has been filed and of any request by the SEC for any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus or for additional information; (ii) the Company will prepare and file with the SEC, promptly upon Aegis’s reasonable request, any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that, in Aegis’s reasonable opinion, may be necessary or advisable in connection with the distribution of the Placement Shares by Aegis (provided, however, that (A) the failure of Aegis to make such request will not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect Aegis’s right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and (B) that the only remedy Aegis will have respecting the failure to make such filing will be to cease making sales under this Agreement until such amendment or supplement is filed); (iii) the Company will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares unless a copy thereof has been submitted to Aegis within a reasonable period of time before the filing and Aegis has not reasonably objected thereto within two (2) Business Days (provided, however, that (A) the failure of Aegis to make such objection will not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect Aegis’s right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and (B) the Company has no obligation to provide Aegis any advance copy of such filing or to provide Aegis an opportunity to object to such filing if the filing does not name Aegis or does not relate to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and provided, further, that the only remedy Aegis will have respecting the failure by the Company to provide Aegis with such copy will be to cease making sales under this Agreement) and the Company will furnish to Aegis at the time of filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, except for those documents available via EDGAR; and (iv) the Company will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus to be filed with the SEC as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act or, in the case of any document to be incorporated therein by reference, to be filed with the SEC as required pursuant to the Exchange Act, within the period prescribed (the determination to file or not file any amendment or supplement with the SEC under this Section 7(a), based on the Company’s reasonable opinion or reasonable objections, will be made exclusively by the Company).

(b) Notice of SEC Stop Orders. The Company will advise Aegis, promptly after it receives notice or obtains knowledge thereof, of the issuance or threatened issuance by the SEC of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, of the suspension of the qualification of the Placement Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose; and it will promptly use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order should be issued. The Company will advise Aegis promptly after it receives any request by the SEC for any amendments to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplements to the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or for additional information related to the offering of the Placement Shares or for additional information related to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.

(c) Delivery of Prospectus; Subsequent Changes. During any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered by Aegis under the Securities Act respecting the offer and sale of the Placement Shares (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act) (the “Prospectus Delivery Period”), the Company will comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as from time to time in force, and to file on or before their respective due dates all reports (taking into account any extensions available under the Exchange Act) and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d), or any other provision of or under the Exchange Act. If the Company has omitted any information from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act, it will use its commercially reasonable efforts to comply with the provisions of and make all requisite filings with the SEC pursuant to said Rule 430B and to notify Aegis promptly of all such filings. If during the Prospectus Delivery Period any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, or if during the Prospectus Delivery Period it is necessary to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify Aegis to suspend the offering of Placement Shares during such period and the Company will promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus (at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance; provided, however, that the Company may delay any amendment or supplement, if in the sole discretion of the Company, it is in the Company’s best interest to do so.

(d) Listing of Placement Shares. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will use its commercially reasonable best efforts to cause the Placement Shares to be listed on the Exchange.

(e) Delivery of Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Company will furnish to Aegis and its counsel (at the expense of the Company) copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference therein) and all amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that are filed with the SEC during the Prospectus Delivery Period (including all documents filed with the SEC during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case as soon as reasonably practicable and in such quantities as Aegis may from time to time reasonably request and, at Aegis’s request, will also furnish copies of the Prospectus to each exchange or market on which sales of the Placement Shares may be made; provided, however, that the Company will not be required to furnish any document (other than the Prospectus) to Aegis to the extent such document is available on EDGAR.

(f) Earnings Statement. The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than 15 months after the end of the Company’s current fiscal quarter, an earnings statement covering a 12-month period that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) and Rule 158 of the Securities Act. The Company’s compliance with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act shall be deemed to satisfy this Section 7(f).

(g) Use of Proceeds. The Company will use the Net Proceeds substantially as described in the Prospectus in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds.”

(h) Notice of Other Sales. Without prior written notice to Aegis, the Company will not, directly or indirectly, offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common Stock during the period beginning on the date on which any Placement Notice is delivered to Aegis hereunder and ending on the Trading Day immediately following the final Settlement Date respecting Placement Shares sold pursuant to such Placement Notice (or, if the Placement Notice has been terminated or suspended prior to the sale of all Placement Shares covered by a Placement Notice, the date of such suspension or termination); and will not directly or indirectly in any other “at-the-market” offering sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common Stock prior to the later of the termination of this Agreement and the fifth (5^th ) day immediately following the final Settlement Date respecting Placement Shares sold pursuant to such Placement Notice; provided, however, that such restrictions will not be required in connection with the Company’s issuance or sale of: (1) Common Stock, options to purchase Common Stock or Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of options, pursuant to any employee or director stock option or benefits plan, stock ownership plan or dividend reinvestment plan (but not Common Stock subject to a waiver to exceed plan limits in its dividend reinvestment plan) of the Company whether now in effect or hereafter implemented; (2) Common Stock issuable upon conversion of securities or the exercise of warrants, options or other rights in effect or outstanding, and disclosed in filings by the Company available on EDGAR or otherwise in writing to Aegis; and (3) Common Stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock as consideration for mergers, acquisitions, other business combinations, licensing agreements or strategic alliances, or offered and sold in a privately negotiated transaction to vendors, customers, strategic partners or potential strategic partners who are qualified institutional buyers and not more than three Persons that are “accredited investors” within the meaning of such term under paragraph (a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7), or (a)(8) of Rule 501 under the Securities Act and otherwise conducted in a manner so as not to be integrated with the offering of Common Stock hereby. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the foregoing, the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to provide Aegis notice at least one (1) Business Day prior to entry into any private or public offerings of equity.

(i) Change of Circumstances. The Company will, at any time during the pendency of a Placement Notice, advise Aegis promptly after it will have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect in any material respect any opinion, certificate, letter or other document required to be provided to Aegis pursuant to this Agreement.

(j) Due Diligence Cooperation. The Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by Aegis or its representatives in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including providing information and making available documents and senior corporate officers, during regular business hours and at the Company’s principal offices or such other location mutually agreed to by the parties, as Aegis may reasonably request.

(k) Required Filings Relating to Placement of Placement Shares. The Company agrees that on such dates as the Securities Act requires, the Company will: (i) file a prospectus supplement with the SEC under the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (each and every filing under Rule 424(b), a “Filing Date”), which prospectus supplement will set forth, within the relevant period, the amount of Placement Shares sold through Aegis, the Net Proceeds to the Company and the compensation payable by the Company to Aegis respecting such Placement Shares; and (ii) deliver such number of copies of each such prospectus supplement to each exchange or market on which such sales were effected as may be required by the rules or regulations of such exchange or market.

(l) Representation Dates; Certificate. On the date of this Agreement and each time the Company:

(i) files the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares or amends or supplements (other than a prospectus supplement relating solely to an offering of securities other than the Placement Shares) the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares by means of a post-effective amendment, sticker, or supplement but not by means of incorporation of documents by reference into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares;

(ii) files an annual report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act (including any Form 10-K/A that contains restated financial statements);

(iii) files a quarterly report on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act; or

(iv) files a current report on Form 8-K containing amended audited financial information (other than information “furnished” pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or to provide disclosure pursuant to Item 8.01 of Form 8-K relating to the reclassification of certain properties as discontinued operations in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144) under the Exchange Act (each date of filing of one or more of the documents referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) will be a “Representation Date”);

the Company will furnish Aegis within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date (but in the case of clause (iv) above only if Aegis reasonably determines that the information contained in such Form 8-K is material) with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. The requirement to provide a certificate under this Section 7(l) will be waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time at which no Placement Notice is pending, which waiver will continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers a Placement Notice hereunder (which for such calendar quarter will be considered a Representation Date) and the next occurring Representation Date; provided, however, that such waiver will not apply for any Representation Date on which the Company files its annual report on Form 10-K. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company subsequently decides to sell Placement Shares following a Representation Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not provide Aegis with a certificate under this Section 7(l), then before the Company delivers the Placement Notice or Aegis sells any Placement Shares, the Company will provide Aegis with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, dated the date of the Placement Notice.

(m) Legal Opinion. On the date of this Agreement and within five Trading Days after each Representation Date for which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A for which no waiver is applicable, the Company will cause to be furnished to Aegis written opinions of Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP(“Company Counsel”), or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to Aegis, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Aegis and its counsel; provided, however, the Company will be required to furnish to Aegis no more than one opinion hereunder per calendar quarter; provided, further, that in lieu of such opinions for subsequent periodic filings under the Exchange Act, Company Counsel may furnish Aegis with a letter (a “Reliance Letter”) to the effect that Aegis may rely on a prior opinion delivered under this Section 7(m) to the same extent as if it were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior opinion will be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as of the date of the Reliance Letter).

(n) Comfort Letters. On the date of this Agreement and within five Trading Days after each Representation Date (other than pursuant to Section 7(l)(iii), for which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A for which no waiver is applicable), the Company will cause its Accountants to furnish Aegis letters (the “Comfort Letters”), dated the date the Comfort Letters are delivered, which will meet the requirements set forth in this Section 7(n). The Comfort Letter from each of the Accountants will be in a form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Aegis: (i) confirming that they are an independent public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the PCAOB; (ii) stating, as of such date, the conclusions and findings of such firm respecting the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters in connection with registered public offerings (the first such letter, the “Initial Comfort Letter”); and (iii) updating the Initial Comfort Letter with any information that would have been included in the Initial Comfort Letter had it been given on such date and modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such letter.

(o) Secretary’s Certificate. On the date of this Agreement, Aegis shall have received a certificate, signed on behalf of the Company by its corporate Secretary, certifying as to (i) the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, (ii) the Bylaws of the Company, (iii) the resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company (or a committee thereof) authorizing the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the issuance of the Placement Shares and (iv) the incumbency of the officers duly authorized to execute this Agreement and the other documents contemplated by this Agreement.

(p) Chief Financial Officer’s Certificate. On each Representation Date pursuant to Section 7(l)(iii), for which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A for which no waiver is applicable, the Company will cause its Chief Financial Officer to furnish Aegis a certificate, signed on behalf of the Company by its Chief Financial Officer in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B.

(q) Market Activities. The Company will not, directly or indirectly: (i) take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes or might reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of Common Stock; or (ii) sell, bid for, or purchase Common Stock in violation of Regulation M, or pay anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Placement Shares other than Aegis; provided, however, that the Company may bid for and purchase shares of its Common Stock in accordance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act.

(r) Investment Company Act. The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries will be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, required to be registered as an “investment company,” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act.

(s) No Offer to Sell. Other than an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus approved in advance by the Company and Aegis in its capacity as agent hereunder, neither Aegis nor the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than Aegis in its capacity as such) will make, use, prepare, authorize, approve, or refer to any written communication (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act), required to be filed with the SEC, that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy Placement Shares hereunder.

(t) Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company and the Subsidiaries will maintain and keep accurate books and records reflecting their assets and maintain internal accounting controls in a manner designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and including those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (iii) that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with management’s and the Company’s directors’ authorization; and (iv) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on its financial statements. The Company and the Subsidiaries will maintain such controls and other procedures, including those required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the applicable regulations thereunder that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or individuals performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and to ensure that material information relating to the Company or the Subsidiaries is made known to them by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which such periodic reports are being prepared.

Section 8. Representations and Covenants of Aegis. Aegis represents and warrants that it is duly registered as a broker-dealer under FINRA, the Exchange Act, and the applicable statutes and regulations of each state in which the Placement Shares will be offered and sold, except such states in which Aegis is exempt from registration or such registration is not otherwise required. Aegis will continue, for the term of this Agreement, to be duly registered as a broker-dealer under FINRA, the Exchange Act, and the applicable statutes and regulations of each state in which the Placement Shares will be offered and sold, except such states in which Aegis is exempt from registration or such registration is not otherwise required, during the term of this Agreement. Aegis will comply with all applicable law and regulations in connection with the Placement Shares, including Regulation M.

Section 9. Payment of Expenses. The Company agrees to reimburse Aegis upon request for its costs and out of pocket expenses incurred in connection with its services hereunder Agreement, including the fees and out-of-pocket expenses of its legal counsel. The Company shall bear and be responsible for all expenses which are customarily borne by issuers for transactions of the type set forth herein. Moreover, the Company shall be responsible for and pay all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to background checks of the Company’s officers and directors by a search firm acceptable to Aegis. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the proposed Offering is terminated, postponed or not consummated for any reason, the Company shall reimburse the actual, accountable costs and expenses incurred by Aegis in connection with its engagement hereunder, including legal fees and out-of-pocket expenses. Aegis’ legal fees and out-of-pocket expenses for the offering will be as follows: (a) $75,000 on the date of this Agreement and (b) for so long as an offering is open (whether or not the Company elects to raise money under such offering) the Company will pay the actual, accountable legal fees incurred by Aegis in connection with updating due diligence in connection with the offering equal to $7,500 following each filing of a Form 10-K.

Section 10. Conditions to Aegis’s Obligations. The obligations of Aegis hereunder respecting a Placement will be subject to the continuing accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein, to the due performance by the Company in all material respects of its obligations hereunder, to the completion by Aegis of a due diligence review satisfactory to it in its reasonable judgment, and to the continuing satisfaction (or waiver by Aegis in its sole discretion) of the following additional conditions:

(a) Registration Statement Effective. The Company shall at all times maintain in effect the Registration Statement, which will be available for the sale of all Placement Shares contemplated to be issued by any Placement Notice.

(b) No Material Notices. None of the following events will have occurred and be continuing: (i) receipt by the Company of any request for additional information from the SEC or any other federal or state governmental authority during the period of effectiveness of the Registration Statement the response to which would require any post-effective amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus; (ii) the issuance by the SEC or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii) receipt by the Company of any notification respecting the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Placement Shares for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv) the occurrence of any event that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and, that in the case of the Prospectus, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

(c) No Misstatement or Material Omission. Aegis will not have been advised by the Company that the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in Aegis’s reasonable opinion is material, or omits to state a fact that in Aegis’s opinion is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.

(d) Material Changes. Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company’s reports filed with the SEC, there will not have been any material adverse change, on a consolidated basis, in the authorized capital stock of the Company or any Material Adverse Effect, or any development that would reasonably be expected to cause a Material Adverse Effect.

(e) Legal Opinion. Aegis will have received the opinions of Company Counsel required to be delivered pursuant Section 7(m) on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinions is required pursuant to Section 7(m).

(f) Comfort Letters. Aegis will have received the Comfort Letters required to be delivered pursuant Section 7(n) on or before the date on which such delivery of such letter is required pursuant to Section 7(n).

(g) Representation Certificate. Aegis will have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(l) on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to Section 7(l).

(h) Secretary’s Certificate. Aegis will have received the Secretary’s certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(o) on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to Section 7(o).

(i) No Suspension. Trading in the Common Stock will not have been suspended on the Exchange and the Common Stock will not have been delisted from the Exchange.

(j) Other Materials. On each date on which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section 7(l), the Company will have furnished to Aegis such appropriate further information, certificates, and documents as Aegis may reasonably request and that are usually and customarily furnished by an issuer of securities in connection with a securities offering. All such opinions, certificates, letters, and other documents will be in compliance with the provisions hereof. The Company will furnish Aegis with such conformed copies of such opinions, certificates, letters, and other documents as Aegis will reasonably request.

(k) Securities Act Filings Made. All filings with the SEC required by Rule 424 with respect to the Placement Shares under the Securities Act to have been filed prior to the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder will have been made within the applicable period prescribed for such filing by Rule 424.

(l) Approval for Listing. The Placement Shares will either have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject only to notice of issuance, or the Company will have filed an application for listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange at, or prior to, the issuance of any Placement Notice.

(m) No Termination Event. No event will have occurred that would permit Aegis to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 13(a).

(n) FINRA. If applicable, FINRA shall have raised no objection to the terms of this offering and the amount of compensation allowable or payable to Aegis as described in the Prospectus.

Section 11. Indemnification and Contribution.

(a) Company Indemnification. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Aegis, its partners, members, directors, officers, employees, and agents and each Person, if any, who controls Aegis within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act as follows:

(i) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage, and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

(ii) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, to the extent of the aggregate amount paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission; provided that any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company, which consent will not unreasonably be delayed or withheld; and

(iii) against any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel), reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission, to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i) or (ii) above;

provided, however, that this indemnity agreement will not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage, or expense to the extent arising out of Aegis’s gross negligence or willful misconduct or any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made solely in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by Aegis expressly for use in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto).

(b) Aegis Indemnification. Aegis agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors and each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each Person, if any, that: (i) controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act; or (ii) is controlled by or is under common control with the Company against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage, and expense described in the indemnity contained in Section 11(c), as incurred, but only respecting untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendments thereto), the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) or any Free Writing Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished to the Company in writing by Aegis expressly for use therein.

(i) Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this Section 11 will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this Section 11, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission so to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from: (1) any liability that it might have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this Section 11; and (2) any liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing provision of this Section 11 unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture or material impairment of substantive rights or defenses by the indemnifying party.

(ii) If any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of its commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written notice to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any legal or other expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense.

(iii) The indemnified party will have the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will be at the expense of such indemnified party unless: (1) the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in writing by the indemnifying party; (2) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying party; (3) a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party); or (4) the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement of the action, in each of which cases the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel will be at the expense of the indemnifying party or parties.

(iv) It is understood that the indemnifying party or parties will not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at any one time for all such indemnified party or parties. All such fees, disbursements, and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying party promptly after the indemnifying party receives a written invoice relating to fees, disbursements and other charges in reasonable detail.

(v) An indemnifying party will not, in any event, be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent. No indemnifying party will, without the prior written consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action, or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this Section 11 (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent: (i) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding, or claim; and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability, or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

(d) Contribution. In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing paragraphs of this Section 11 is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable from the Company or Aegis, the Company and Aegis will contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses, and damages (including any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding or any claim asserted, but after deducting any contribution received by the Company from Persons other than Aegis, such as Persons that control the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act, officers of the Company who signed the Registration Statement and directors of the Company, who also may be liable for contribution) to which the Company and Aegis may be subject in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and Aegis, on the other hand. The relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and Aegis, on the other hand, will be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total compensation received by Aegis (before deducting expenses) from the sale of Placement Shares on behalf of the Company. If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution will be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and Aegis, on the other hand, respecting the statements or omission that resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations respecting such offering. Such relative fault will be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or Aegis, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and Aegis agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 11(d) were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, liability, expense, or damage, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this Section 11(d) will be deemed to include, for the purpose of this Section 11(d), any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim to the extent consistent with Section 11(c) hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11(d), Aegis will not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by it under this Agreement and no Person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section 11(d), any Person who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any officers, directors, partners, employees or agents of Aegis, will have the same rights to contribution as that party, and each officer and director of the Company who signed the Registration Statement will have the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this Section 11(d), will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify will not relieve that party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under this Section 11(d) except to the extent that the failure to so notify such other party materially prejudiced the substantive rights or defenses of the party from whom contribution is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of Section 11(c) hereof, no party will be liable for contribution respecting any action or claim settled without its written consent if such consent is required pursuant to Section 11(c) hereof.

Section 12. Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in Section 11 of this Agreement and all representations and warranties of the Company herein or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto will survive, as of their respective dates, regardless of: (a) any investigation made by or on behalf of Aegis, any controlling Persons, or the Company (or any of their respective officers, directors, or controlling Persons); (b) delivery and acceptance of the Placement Shares and payment therefor; or (c) any termination of this Agreement.

Section 13. Termination.

(a) Aegis may terminate this Agreement, by notice to the Company, as hereinafter specified at any time: (i) if there has been, since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the date as of which information is given in the Prospectus, any Material Adverse Effect, or any development has occurred that is reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect or in the sole judgment of Aegis makes it impractical or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares; (ii) if there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial markets, any outbreak of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to make it, in the judgment of Aegis, impracticable or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares; (iii) if trading in the Common Stock has been suspended or limited by the SEC or the Exchange, or if trading generally on the Exchange has been suspended or limited, or minimum prices for trading have been fixed on the Exchange; (iv) if any suspension of trading of any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market will have occurred and be continuing; (v) if a major disruption of securities settlements or clearance services in the United States will have occurred and be continuing; or (vi) if a banking moratorium has been declared by either U.S. Federal or New York authorities. Any such termination will be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 9 (Expenses), Section 11 (Indemnification), Section 12 (Survival of Representations), Section 18 (Applicable Law; Waiver of Jury Trial), and Section 19 (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof will remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. If Aegis elects to terminate this Agreement as provided in this Section 13(a), Aegis will provide the required notice as specified in Section 14 (Notices).

(b) (i) The Company will have the right, by giving three (3) days’ notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement.

(ii) If Aegis declines any commercially reasonable placement notice pursuant to Section 2 of this Agreement, then the Company will have the right to terminate this Agreement by giving written notice of termination to Aegis. Any such termination will be effective immediately upon a delivery of a termination notice by the Company to Aegis.

Any termination pursuant to Section 13(b) will be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 9, Section 11, Section 12, Section 18, and Section 19 hereof will remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

(c) Aegis will have the right, by giving 3 days’ notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination will be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 9, Section 11, Section 12, Section 18, and Section 19 hereof will remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

(d) Unless earlier terminated pursuant to this Section 13, this Agreement will automatically terminate upon the earlier to occur of: (i) the eighteen-month anniversary of the date hereof; or (ii) the issuance and sale of all of the Placement Shares through Aegis on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, except that, in either such case, the provisions of Section 9, Section 11, Section 12, Section 18 and Section 19 hereof will remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

(e) This Agreement will remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to Section 13(a), Section 13(b), Section 13(c), Section 13(d) above or otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties. Upon termination of this Agreement, the Company will not have any liability to Aegis for any discount, commission, or other compensation respecting any Placement Shares not otherwise sold by Aegis under this Agreement.

(f) Any termination of this Agreement will be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; provided, however, that such termination will not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by Aegis or the Company, as the case may be. If such termination will occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of Placement Shares, such Placement Shares will settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the parties’ obligations under the underwriting agreement between the Company and Aegis dated May 23, 2022.

Section 14. Notices.

(a) All notices or other communications required or permitted to be given by any party to any other party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement will be in writing, unless otherwise specified, and if sent to Aegis, will be delivered to:

Aegis Capital Corp.

1345 Avenue of the Americas, 27th Floor

New York, NY 10105

Attn: Robert J. Eide, Chief Executive Officer

Email: reide@aegiscap.com

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

Kaufman & Canoles, P.C.

Two James Center, 14th Floor

1021 E. Cary St.

Richmond, VA 23219

Attn: Anthony W. Basch, Esq.

Email: awbasch@kaufcan.com

and if to the Company, will be delivered to:

Cyngn Inc.
1344 Terra Bella Ave

Mountain View, CA 94043

Attention: Lior Tal
Email: ltal@cyngn.com

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP

1185 Avenue of the Americas, 31st Floor

New York, New York 10036
Attention: Gregory Sichenzia, Esq.
Email: gsichenzia@srfc.law

(b) Each such notice or other communication will be deemed given: (i) when delivered personally on or before 4:30 p.m., New York City time, on a Business Day or, if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day; or (ii) on the next Business Day after timely delivery to a nationally recognized overnight courier. For purposes of this Agreement, “Business Day” will mean any day on which the Exchange and commercial banks in the City of New York are open for business.

(c) An electronic communication (“Electronic Notice”) will be deemed written notice for purposes of this Section 14 if sent to the electronic mail address specified by the receiving party under separate cover. Electronic Notice will be deemed received at the time the party sending Electronic Notice receives confirmation of receipt by the receiving party. Any party receiving Electronic Notice may request and will be entitled to receive the notice on paper, in a nonelectronic form (“Nonelectronic Notice”), which will be sent to the requesting party within 10 days of receipt of the written request for Nonelectronic Notice.

(d) Each party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose.

Section 15. Successors and Assigns. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and Aegis and their respective successors and the affiliates, controlling persons, partners, members, officers, directors, employees, and agents referred to in Section 11 hereof. References to any of the parties contained in this Agreement will be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of such party. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assigns any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement. Neither party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party.

Section 16. Adjustments for Stock Splits. The parties acknowledge and agree that all share-related numbers contained in this Agreement will be adjusted to take into account any share consolidation, stock split, stock dividend, corporate domestication or similar event effected respecting the Placement Shares.

Section 17. Entire Agreement; Amendment; Severability. This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits attached hereto and Placement Notices issued pursuant hereto), by and between the Company and Aegis constitutes the entire agreement of the parties respecting the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof and thereof. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be amended except pursuant to a written instrument executed by the Company and Aegis. In the event that any one or more of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal, or unenforceable as written by a court of competent jurisdiction, then such provision will be given full force and effect to the fullest possible extent that it is valid, legal, and enforceable, and the remainder of the terms and provisions herein will be construed as if such invalid, illegal, or unenforceable term or provision was not contained herein, but only to the extent that giving effect to such provision and the remainder of the terms and provisions hereof will be in accordance with the intent of the parties as reflected in this Agreement.

Section 18. APPLICABLE LAW; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. THIS AGREEMENT WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

Section 19. CONSENT TO JURISDICTION. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE NON-EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS SITTING IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING, ANY CLAIM THAT IT IS NOT PERSONALLY SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT, THAT SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM OR THAT THE VENUE OF SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF PROCESS AND CONSENTS TO PROCESS BEING SERVED IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF (CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED) TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS IN EFFECT FOR NOTICES TO IT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AND AGREES THAT SUCH SERVICE WILL CONSTITUTE GOOD AND SUFFICIENT SERVICE OF PROCESS AND NOTICE THEREOF. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN WILL BE DEEMED TO LIMIT IN ANY WAY ANY RIGHT TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW.

Section 20. Use of Information. Aegis may not use any information gained in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including due diligence, for any purpose except in connection with entering into this Agreement and providing services as distribution agent hereunder, or to advise any party respecting transactions not expressly approved by the Company. Aegis acknowledges that any information gained in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are subject to confidentiality and other restrictions pursuant to the Confidentiality Agreement and agrees to abide by the terms of the Confidentiality Agreement.

Section 21. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party to the other may be made by facsimile transmission.

Section 22. Effect of Headings. The section and exhibit headings herein are for convenience only and will not affect the construction hereof.

Section 23. Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company represents, warrants, and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of Aegis, and Aegis represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Company, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Placement Shares that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 405, required to be filed with the SEC. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by Aegis or by the Company, as the case may be, is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.” The Company represents and warrants that it has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the SEC where required, legending, and recordkeeping. For the purposes of clarity, the parties hereto agree that all free writing prospectuses, if any, listed in Exhibit C hereto are Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses.

Section 24. Absence of Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that:

(a) Aegis is acting solely as agent in connection with the public offering of the Placement Shares and in connection with each transaction contemplated by this Agreement and the process leading to such transactions, and no fiduciary or advisory relationship between the Company or any of its respective affiliates, stockholders (or other equity holders), creditors or employees or any other party, on the one hand, and Aegis, on the other hand, has been or will be created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether or not Aegis has advised or is advising the Company on other matters, and Aegis has no obligation to the Company respecting the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement;

(b) it is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;

(c) Aegis has not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice respecting the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and it has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate;

(d) it is aware that Aegis and its affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions that may involve interests that differ from those of the Company and Aegis has no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship or otherwise; provided that Aegis hereby agrees not to engage in any such transaction that would cause its interests to be in direct conflict with the best interests of the Company; and

(e) it waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against Aegis for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the sale of Placement Shares under this Agreement and agrees that Aegis will not have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract, tort or otherwise) to it in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any Person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on its behalf or in right of it or the Company, employees or creditors of Company, other than in respect of Aegis’s obligations under this Agreement and to keep information provided by the Company to Aegis and Aegis’s counsel confidential to the extent not otherwise publicly available.

Section 25. Definitions. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below:

(a) “Applicable Time” means: (i) each Representation Date; and (ii) the time of each sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement.

(b) “Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, relating to the Placement Shares.

(c) “Rule 164,” “Rule 172,” “Rule 405,” “Rule 415,” “Rule 424,” “Rule 424(b),” “Rule 430A,” “Rule 430B,” and “Rule 433” refer to such rules under the Securities Act Regulations.

(d) All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information that is “contained,” “included,” or “stated” in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) will be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be.

(e) All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing will be deemed to include the copy filed with the SEC pursuant to EDGAR; all references in this Agreement to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (other than any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses that, pursuant to Rule 433, are not required to be filed with the SEC) will be deemed to include the copy thereof filed with the SEC pursuant to EDGAR; and all references in this Agreement to “supplements” to the Prospectus will include any supplements, “wrappers,” or similar materials prepared in connection with any offering, sale, or private placement of any Placement Shares by Aegis outside of the United States.

[Signature Page Follows]

[Cyngn – ATM Sales Agreement Signature Page]

If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Company and Aegis, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter will constitute a binding agreement between the Company and Aegis.

	Very truly yours,

	CYNGN INC.

	By:	/s/ Lior Tal
	Name:	Lior Tal
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer

ACCEPTED as of the date first-above written:

AEGIS CAPITAL CORP.

By:	/s/ Robert Eide
Name:	Robert Eide
Title:	Chief Executive Officer

Schedule 1

FORM OF PLACEMENT NOTICE

From:	CYNGN INC.

To:	Aegis Capital Corp.
	Attention: Robert Eide

Subject:	At-The-Market Issuance--Placement Notice

Gentlemen:

Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement between Cyngn Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and Aegis Capital Corp. (“Aegis”), dated [●], 2024, the Company hereby requests that Aegis sell up to [●] shares of the Company’s Common Shares, $0.00001 par value, at a minimum market price of $[●] per share, during the period beginning [month, day, time] and ending [month, day, time].

Schedule 2

Compensation

The Company will pay to Aegis in cash, upon each sale of Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement, an amount equal to three percent (3.0%) of the gross proceeds from each sale of Placement Shares.

Schedule 3

Notice Parties

The Company: Lior Tal, Chief Executive Officer; Natalie Russell

Aegis: Robert Eide, Chief Executive Officer

Schedule 4

Subsidiaries

Name of Subsidiary		Jurisdiction of Incorporation
Cyngn Singapore PTE. LTD.⁽¹⁾		Singapore

(1)	Cyngn Singapore PTE. LTD. is being dissolved.

Exhibit A

Form of Representation Date Certificate

The undersigned, the duly qualified and elected [●], of Cyngn Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), does hereby certify in such capacity and on behalf of the Company, pursuant to Section 7(l) of the At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated [●], 2025 (the “Agreement”), by and between the Company and Aegis Capital Corp., that to the best of the knowledge of the undersigned:

1. As of the date of this Certificate, (i) the Registration Statement does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading and (ii) neither the Registration Statement nor the Prospectus contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading and (iii) no event has occurred as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein not untrue or misleading.

2. Each of the representations and warranties of the Company contained in the Agreement (A) to the extent such representations and warranties are subject to qualifications and exceptions contained therein relating to materiality or Material Adverse Effect, are true and correct on and as of the date hereof with the same force and effect as if expressly made on and as of the date hereof, except for those representations and warranties that speak solely as of a specific date and which were true and correct as of such date, and (B) to the extent such representations and warranties are not subject to any qualifications or exceptions, are true and correct in all material respects as of the date hereof as if made on and as of the date hereof with the same force and effect as if expressly made on and as of the date hereof except for those representations and warranties that speak solely as of a specific date and which were so true and correct as of such date; and

3. Each of the covenants required to be performed by the Company in the Agreement on or prior to the date of the Agreement, this Representation Date, and each such other date as set forth in the Agreement, has been duly, timely and fully performed in all material respects and each condition required to be complied with by the Company on or prior to the date of the Agreement, this Representation Date, and each such other date as set forth in the Agreement has been duly, timely and fully complied with in all material respects.

4. Subsequent to the date of the most recent financial statements in the Prospectus, there has been no Material Adverse Effect.

5. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of any part thereof has been issued, and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or threatened by any securities or other governmental authority (including, without limitation, the SEC).

Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP is entitled to rely on this certificate in connection with the respective opinions such firms may render pursuant to the Agreement. Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Agreement.

[Signature page follows]

	CYNGN INC.

	By:
	Name:
	Title:

Date: [●]

Exhibit B

Certificate of
Chief Financial Officer

[●], 2024

In connection with that certain At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Agreement”), dated [●], 2025 by and between Cyngn Inc. (the “Company”) and Aegis Capital Corp. (“Aegis”), [●] in his/her capacity as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certifies that (capitalized terms used and not defined herein have the meanings ascribed to them in the Agreement):

1. I have read the amounts circled on the copies of certain pages of the Company’s Report on Form 8-K, attached hereto as Exhibit A.

2. With regard to these amounts, I compared such amounts to the corresponding amounts included in or derived from the Company’s internal accounting records or schedules prepared by management from such accounting records for the applicable periods and found them to be in agreement.

3. These amounts are accurate in all material respects, and nothing has come to my attention that would cause me to believe that these amounts have been materially misstated or are materially misleading.

4. This certificate is being furnished to Aegis solely to assist them in conducting and documenting its investigation of the affairs of the Company in connection with the offering of the Placement Shares covered by the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

[Signature page follows]

	CYNGN INC.

	By:
	Name:
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer

Date: [●]

Exhibit C

Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses

Exhibit 5.1

September 5, 2025

CYNGN Inc.

1015 O’Brien Dr.

Menlo Park, CA 94025

Re: Registration Statement on Form S-3

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel to CYNGN Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the registration, pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”), filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), relating to the offering and sale from time to time, as set forth in the Registration Statement, the form of prospectus contained therein (the “Prospectus”), and one or more supplements to the Prospectus (each, a “Prospectus Supplement”), by the Company of up to an aggregate of $300,000,000 of securities of the Company consisting of (a) shares of common stock, $0.00001 par value per share (“Common Stock”), (b) shares of preferred stock, $0.00001 par value per share (“Preferred Stock”), (c) stock purchase units of the Company (the “Stock Purchase Units”), each consisting of any of the Securities offered hereby, (d) warrants to purchase one or more of the Securities (as hereinafter defined) (the “Warrants”), and (e) Rights to purchase any of the Securities that may be sold under the Registration Statement (the “Rights”). The Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Stock Purchase Units, Warrants and Rights and any securities issuable upon the conversion, exchange or exercise of the Preferred Stock, Stock Purchase Units, Warrants or Rights are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities.”

We advise you that we have examined executed originals or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction of the following documents: (i) the Registration Statement; (ii) the prospectus forming a part of the Registration Statement; (iii) resolutions adopted by the Company’s board of directors (the “Board of Directors”) relating to the registration of the Securities and related matters, (iv) the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended to date (the “Certificate of Incorporation”); and (v) the Company’s Bylaws, as amended to date (the “Bylaws”, and together with the Certificate of Incorporation, the “Constituent Documents”). In addition, we have examined and relied upon such corporate records and other documents, instruments and certificates of officers and representatives of the Company and of public officials, and we have made such examination of law, as we have deemed necessary or appropriate for purposes of the opinion expressed below.

We have assumed for purposes of rendering the opinions set forth herein, without any verification by us, the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all natural persons to execute and deliver documents, the authenticity and completeness of documents submitted to us as originals and the completeness and conformity with authentic original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies, that all documents, books and records made available to us by the Company are accurate and complete.

1185 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS | 31ST FLOOR | NEW YORK, NY | 10036

T (212) 930-9700 | F (212) 930-9725 | WWW.SRFC.LAW

For purposes of this opinion letter, we have also assumed that: (a) the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments) shall have become and remain effective under the Act, no stop order with respect thereto shall have been issued, a prospectus supplement shall have been prepared and filed with the Commission describing the Securities offered thereby and such Securities shall have been issued and sold in accordance with the terms set forth in such prospectus supplement; (b) any securities issuable upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Securities being offered shall have been duly authorized by corporate action and, if appropriate, reserved for issuance upon such conversion, exercise or exchange; (c) at the time of any offering or sale of any shares of Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Securities exercisable, convertible or exchangeable into Common Stock or Preferred Stock, there shall be a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as applicable, authorized and unissued under the Certificate of Incorporation then in effect and not otherwise reserved for issuance; (d) at the time of issuance of the Securities, the Company shall validly exist and shall be in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and shall have the necessary corporate power for such issuance; (e) any definitive purchase, at-the-market offering, underwriting or similar agreement with respect to any Securities, if applicable, and any applicable indenture, Stock Purchase Unit Agreement, Warrant Agreement or Rights Agreement (each as hereinafter defined) relating to Stock Purchase Units, Warrants or Rights, as the case may be, shall constitute legally valid and binding obligations of the parties thereto, enforceable against each of them in accordance with their respective terms, at the time of issuance of the applicable Securities; (f) certificates representing the shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as the case may be, or any Stock Purchase Units, Warrants, or Rights shall have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered, or if uncertificated, valid book-entry notations shall have been made in the share or other register of the Company, in each case in accordance with the Constituent Documents and in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or the applicable prospectus supplement, either (x) against payment therefor in an amount not less than the par value thereof, in the case of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, or such other consideration determined by the Board of Directors, or an authorized committee thereof, as permitted under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), in accordance with the provisions of any applicable definitive purchase agreement, at-the-market offering agreement, underwriting agreement, indenture, Stock Purchase Unit Agreement, Warrant Agreement, Rights Agreement or similar agreement, if any, approved by the Company or (y) upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any other Security in accordance with the terms of such Security or the instrument governing such Security as approved by the Company, for the consideration approved by the Company (in the case of Common Stock or Preferred Stock in an amount not less than the par value thereof, or such other consideration determined by the Board of Directors, or an authorized committee thereof, as permitted under the DGCL); (g) the Constituent Documents shall be in full force and effect and shall not have been amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise altered, and there shall be no authorization of any such amendment, restatement, supplement or alteration, in each case since the date hereof, other than in connection with the Future Authorization and Issuance of Securities (as hereinafter defined) and (h) the Trustee (as hereinafter defined) has satisfied all regulatory and legal requirements applicable to its activities.

For purposes of this opinion letter, we refer to the following as the “Future Authorization and Issuance” of Securities:

(a) with respect to any of the Securities, (i) the authorization by the Company of the terms, offering and issuance of such Securities (the “Authorization”) and (ii) the issuance of such Securities in accordance with the Authorization therefor upon the receipt by the Company of the consideration to be paid therefor in accordance with the Authorization;

(b) with respect to Preferred Stock, (i) the establishment of the terms of such Preferred Stock by the Company in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law and (ii) the proper execution, acknowledgement and filing with the Delaware Secretary of State, and the effectiveness of, a certificate of designations to the Certificate of Incorporation setting forth the terms of such Preferred Stock in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law;

(c) with respect to the Stock Purchase Units, (i) the due authorization, valid execution and delivery by the Company and the other parties thereto of any agreement under which the Stock Purchase Units are to be issued (each, a “Stock Purchase Unit Agreement”) and (ii) the establishment of the terms of the Stock Purchase Units, and the execution and delivery of the Stock Purchase Units, in conformity with the Stock Purchase Unit Agreement and applicable law;

(d) with respect to Warrants, (i) the due authorization, valid execution and delivery by the Company and the other parties thereto of any agreement under which the Warrants are to be issued (each, a “Warrant Agreement”) and (ii) the establishment of the terms of the Warrants, and the execution and delivery of the Warrants, in conformity with the Warrant Agreement and applicable law; and

(e) with respect to Rights, (i) the due authorization, valid execution and delivery by the Company and the other parties thereto of any agreement under which the Rights are to be issued (each, a “Rights Agreement”) and (ii) the establishment of the terms of the Rights, and the execution and delivery of the Rights, in conformity with the Rights Agreement and applicable law.

1185 Avenue of the Americas | 37^th Floor | New York, NY | 10036

T (212) 930 9700 | F (212) 930 9725 | WWW.SRF.LAW

Based upon the foregoing and subject to the qualifications, assumptions and limitations contained herein, we are of the opinion that:

1. With respect to the Common Stock, including those shares that are duly issued upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any Preferred Stock, Stock Purchase Units, Warrants or Rights, upon the Future Authorization and Issuance of such shares of Common Stock, such shares of Common Stock will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

2. With respect to one or more series of the Preferred Stock, including those duly issued upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any Stock Purchase Units, Warrants or Rights, upon the Future Authorization and Issuance of such shares of Preferred Stock, such shares of Preferred Stock will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

3. With respect to the Stock Purchase Units, including those duly issued upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any Preferred Stock, Warrants or Rights, upon the Future Authorization and Issuance of the Stock Purchase Units, such Stock Purchase Units will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms.

4. With respect to the Warrants, including those duly issued upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any Preferred Stock or Rights, upon the Future Authorization and Issuance of the Warrants, such Warrants will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms.

5. With respect to Rights, upon receipt by the Company of such lawful consideration therefore as the Board (or a duly authorized committee thereof) may determine, such Rights will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms.

The opinions set forth above are subject to the following exceptions, limitations and qualifications:

We express no opinion as to: (a) the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent conveyance, moratorium or other similar laws now or hereafter in effect relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors; (b) the effect of general principles of equity, including without limitation, concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing and the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief, regardless of whether enforcement is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law, and the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefore may be brought; (c) the unenforceability under certain circumstances under law or court decisions of provisions providing for the indemnification of, or contribution to, a party with respect to a liability where such indemnification or contribution is contrary to public policy; (d) the rights or remedies available to any party for violations or breaches of any provisions of the Stock Purchase Units, Warrants and Rights, as applicable, that are immaterial or the enforcement of which would be unreasonable under the then-existing circumstances, (e) the rights or remedies available to any party for material violations or breaches that are the proximate result of actions taken by any party to the Stock Purchase Units, Warrants and Rights, as applicable, other than the party against whom enforcement is sought, which actions such other party is not entitled to take pursuant to the Stock Purchase Units, Warrants and Rights, as applicable, or that otherwise violate applicable laws, (f) the rights or remedies available to any party that takes discretionary action that is arbitrary, unreasonable or capricious, or is not taken in good faith or in a commercially reasonable manner, whether or not the Stock Purchase Units, Warrants and Rights, as applicable, permit such action or (g) the effect of the exercise of judicial discretion, whether in a proceeding in equity or at law.

1185 Avenue of the Americas | 37^th Floor | New York, NY | 10036

T (212) 930 9700 | F (212) 930 9725 | WWW.SRF.LAW

The aforesaid opinions as to enforceability of the Stock Purchase Units, Warrants and Rights also are subject to the qualification that certain provisions of the Stock Purchase Units, Warrants and Rights, as applicable, may not be enforceable, but (subject to the limitations set forth in clauses (a) through (g) of the immediately preceding paragraph) such unenforceability will not render the Stock Purchase Units, Warrants and Rights, as applicable, invalid as a whole or substantially interfere with realization of the principal benefits and/or security provided thereby.

This opinion is being furnished at the request of the Company and in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Act in connection with the offer and resale of the Securities and is not to be used, quoted or otherwise referred to for any other purpose without our prior written consent. This opinion does not constitute such prior written consent.

We are members of the Bar of the State of New York. We express no opinion as to the effect of any laws other than the laws of the State of New York, the DGCL and the Federal laws of the United States of America, each as in effect on the date hereof.

This opinion speaks only at and as of its date and is based solely on the facts and circumstances known to us at and as of such date. We assume no obligation to revise or supplement this opinion to reflect any facts or circumstances that may hereafter come to our attention or any changes in fact or law that may hereafter occur.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference made to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the prospectus forming a part of the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby concede that our firm is within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

	/s/ Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP
	Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP

1185 Avenue of the Americas | 37^th Floor | New York, NY | 10036

T (212) 930 9700 | F (212) 930 9725 | WWW.SRF.LAW

Exhibit 5.2

September 5, 2025

CYNGN Inc.

1344 Terra Bella

Mountain View, CA 94043

Re: Registration Statement on Form S-3

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel to you in connection with your filing of a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (as amended or supplemented, the “Registration Statement”) filed on September 5, 2025 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), relating to the registration of the offering by CYNGN Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) of up to $300,000,000 of any combination of securities of the types specified therein. Reference is made to our opinion letter dated September 5, 2025 and included as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement. We are delivering this supplemental opinion letter in connection with the prospectus (the “Prospectus”) contained in the Registration Statement related to that certain ATM Sales Agreement between the Company and the agent named therein (the “Sales Agreement”). The Prospectus relates to the offering by the Company of up to $100,000,000 of shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.00001 per share covered by the Registration Statement. The Shares are being offered and sold by the agent named in, and pursuant to, the ATM Sales Agreement.

We have reviewed such documents and made such examination of law as we have deemed appropriate to give the opinion set forth below. We have relied, without independent verification, on certificates of public officials and, as to matters of fact material to the opinion set forth below, on certificates of officers of the Company.

The opinion expressed below is limited to the federal securities laws of the United States of America and the Delaware General Corporation Law and we express no opinion as to the effect on the matters covered by the laws of any other jurisdiction.

Based on the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued and sold in the manner described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus supplement and the Sales Agreement will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. We also hereby consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus supplement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder. This opinion is expressed as of the date hereof unless otherwise expressly stated, and we disclaim any undertaking to advise you of any subsequent changes in the facts stated or assumed herein or of any subsequent changes in applicable laws.

	/s/ Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP
	Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP

1185 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS | 31ST FLOOR | NEW YORK, NY | 10036

T (212) 930-9700 | F (212) 930-9725 | WWW.SRFC.LAW

Exhibit 23.1

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM’S CONSENT

We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of our report dated March 6, 2025 relating to the financial statements appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CYNGN Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2024. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.

/s/ Marcum LLP

San Francisco, CA

September 5, 2025

Ex-Filing Fees

CALCULATION OF FILING FEE TABLES

S-3

CYNGN INC.

Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities


Line Item Type	Security Type	Security Class Title	Notes	Fee Calculation Rule	Amount Registered	Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit	Maximum Aggregate Offering Price		Fee Rate	Amount of Registration Fee

Newly Registered Securities
Fees to be Paid	Equity	Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share	(1)	457(o)		$	$		0.0001531	$
Fees to be Paid	Equity	Preferred Stock, par value $0.00001 per share	(2)	457(o)					0.0001531
Fees to be Paid	Other	Warrants	(3)	457(o)					0.0001531
Fees to be Paid	Other	Rights	(4)	457(o)					0.0001531
Fees to be Paid	Other	Units	(5)	457(o)					0.0001531
Fees to be Paid	Unallocated (Universal) Shelf		(6)	457(o)		$	$	300,000,000.00	0.0001531	$	45,930.00

Total Offering Amounts:							$	300,000,000.00			45,930.00
Total Fees Previously Paid:
Total Fee Offsets:											0.00
Net Fee Due:										$	45,930.00

__________________________________________
Offering Note(s)

(1)

An indeterminate number or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, of securities of each identified class is being registered as may from time to time be offered on a primary basis at indeterminate prices, including an indeterminate number or amount of securities that may be issued upon the exercise, settlement, exchange or conversion of securities offered hereunder. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable upon conversion of, or in exchange for, or upon exercise of, convertible or exchangeable securities. Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, this registration statement shall also cover any additional securities of the registrant that become issuable by reason of any splits, dividends or similar transactions or anti-dilution adjustments.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee. Subject to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, the aggregate initial offering price of all securities issued by the registrant pursuant to this registration statement will not exceed $300,000,000.