| UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION | ||||||||
| Washington, D.C. 20549 | ||||||||
Form 10-K | ||||||||
| (Mark One) | |||||
| ☑ | Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2021. | ||||
| ☐ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition period from to . | ||||
Commission File Number: 001-31950
MONEYGRAM INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 16-1690064 | |||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
2828 N. Harwood St., 15th Floor, Dallas, Texas | 75201 | |||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |||||||
Registrant's telephone number, including area code
(214) 999-7552
Securities Registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
| Common stock, $0.01 par value | MGI | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC | ||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
___________________________________
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No þ
The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2021, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $884.6 million.
90,725,982 shares of common stock were outstanding as of February 23, 2022.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain information required by Part III of this report is incorporated by reference from the registrant's definitive proxy statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
| TABLE OF CONTENTS | ||||||||
| Page | ||||||||
| PART 1. | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 1A. | ||||||||
| Item 1B. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| PART II. | ||||||||
| Item 5. | ||||||||
| Item 6. | ||||||||
| Item 7. | ||||||||
| Item 7A. | ||||||||
| Item 8. | ||||||||
| Item 9. | ||||||||
| Item 9A. | ||||||||
| Item 9B. | ||||||||
| Item 9C. | ||||||||
| PART III. | ||||||||
| Item 10. | ||||||||
| Item 11. | ||||||||
| Item 12. | ||||||||
| Item 13. | ||||||||
| Item 14. | ||||||||
| PART IV. | ||||||||
| Item 15. | ||||||||
| Item 16. | ||||||||
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
This glossary highlights some of the terms used in the Annual Report on Form 10-K ("2021 Form 10-K") and is not a complete list of all the defined terms used herein.
| Abbreviation | Term | |||||||
| ATM Program | At-the-market equity offering program | |||||||
| BEAT | Base erosion and anti-abuse tax | |||||||
| CFPB | Consumer Financial Protection Bureau was created by the Dodd-Frank Act to issue and enforce consumer protection initiatives governing financial products and services, including money transfer services, in the U.S. | |||||||
| CID | Civil Investigative Demand | |||||||
| Consent Order | Stipulated Order for Compensatory Relief and Modified Order for Permanent Injunction | |||||||
| Corridor | With regard to a money transfer transaction, the originating "send" location and the designated "receive" location are referred to as a corridor | |||||||
| COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease | |||||||
| Digital Channel | Transactions in which either the send transaction, receive transaction or both occur through one of the Company's digital properties such as moneygram.com, the native mobile application or virtual agents | |||||||
| Dodd-Frank Act | Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act | |||||||
| DPA | Deferred Prosecution Agreement dated November 9, 2012 by and between MoneyGram International, Inc and the United States Department of Justice and the United States Attorney's Office for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, as amended. | |||||||
| Face Value | Principal amount of each completed transaction, excluding any transaction fees | |||||||
| FCPA | Foreign Corrupt Practices Act | |||||||
| Fitch | Fitch Ratings, Inc. | |||||||
| FPP | Financial Paper Products | |||||||
| FTC | Federal Trade Commission | |||||||
| GFT | Global Funds Transfer | |||||||
| IRS | Internal Revenue Service | |||||||
| LIBOR | London Interbank Offered Rate | |||||||
| MGO | MoneyGram Online | |||||||
| Moody's | Moody's Investor Service | |||||||
| MPSI | MoneyGram Payment Systems, Inc. | |||||||
| Non-U.S. dollar | The impact of non-U.S. dollar exchange rate fluctuations on the Company's financial results is typically calculated as the difference between current period activity translated using the current period's exchange rates and the comparable prior-year period's exchange rates; this method is used to calculate the impact of changes in non-U.S. dollar exchange rates on revenues, commissions and other operating expenses for all countries where the functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. | |||||||
| NYDFS | New York Department of Financial Services | |||||||
| ODL | On Demand Liquidity | |||||||
| OFAC | U.S. Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control | |||||||
| Pension | The Company’s Pension Plan and SERPs | |||||||
| Pension Plan | Defined benefit pension plan | |||||||
| Postretirement Benefits | Defined benefit postretirement plan | |||||||
| P2P | Peer-to-peer | |||||||
| Receiver | Person receiving a money transfer transaction | |||||||
| Retail Channel | Transactions in which both the send transaction and receive transaction occur at one of the Company's physical agent locations | |||||||
| Ripple Warrants | Warrants issued by the Company in connection with the SPA with Ripple | |||||||
| ROU | Right-of-use | |||||||
| SERPs | Supplemental executive retirement plans | |||||||
| S&P | Standard & Poor's | |||||||
| SEC | U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission | |||||||
| SPA | Securities Purchase Agreement | |||||||
| USDC | USD Coin | |||||||
| U.S. DOJ | U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Division, Money Laundering and Asset Recovery Section | |||||||
| U.S. GAAP | Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America | |||||||
| U.S. Judge | United States Judge for the Middle District of Pennsylvania | |||||||
| TCJA | Tax Cuts and Jobs Act | |||||||
CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This 2021 Form 10-K and the documents incorporated by reference herein may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the "Reform Act"), including statements with respect to, among other things, the financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business of MoneyGram and its subsidiaries. Statements preceded by, followed by or that include words such as “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “projects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “continues,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “might,” “would,” “goals,” “predicts,” “potential,” “target,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “currently,” and other similar expressions are intended to identify some of the forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Reform Act and are included, along with this statement, for purposes of complying with the safe harbor provisions of the Reform Act. These forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations, beliefs and assumptions as of the date of this report, are not historical facts or guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control due to a number of factors. These factors include, but are not limited to:
•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or future pandemics on our business, including the potential work stoppages, lockdowns, shelter-in-place or restricted movement guidelines, service delays and lower consumer and commercial activity;
•our ability to compete effectively;
•our ability to maintain key agent or biller relationships, or a reduction in business or transaction volume from these relationships, including with our largest agent, Walmart, through its introduction of additional competing white-label money transfer products or otherwise;
•our ability to continue to grow our Digital Channel, including through our direct-to-consumer digital business, MoneyGram Online;
•a security or privacy breach in systems, networks or databases on which we rely;
•current and proposed regulations addressing consumer privacy and data use and security;
•our ability to manage fraud risks from consumers or agents;
•the ability of us and our agents to comply with U.S. and international laws and regulations;
•litigation and regulatory proceedings involving us or our agents and other commercial relationships, which could result in material settlements, fines or penalties, revocation of required licenses or registrations, termination of contracts, other administrative actions or lawsuits and negative publicity;
•disruptions to our computer systems and data centers and our ability to effectively operate and adapt our technology;
•the ability of us and our agents to maintain adequate banking relationships;
•our ability to successfully develop and timely introduce new and enhanced products and services and our investments in new products, services or infrastructure changes;
•our high degree of leverage and substantial debt service obligations, significant debt covenant requirements and our ability to comply with such requirements;
•our below investment-grade credit rating;
•our ability to maintain sufficient capital;
•weakness in economic conditions, in both the U.S. and global markets;
•the financial health of certain European countries or the secession of a country from the European Union;
•a significant change, material slow down or complete disruption of international migration patterns;
•our ability to manage risks associated with our international sales and operations, including exchange rates among currencies;
•our offering of money transfer services through agents in regions that are politically volatile or, in a limited number of cases, that may be subject to certain OFAC restrictions;
•major bank failure or sustained financial market illiquidity, or illiquidity at our clearing, cash management and custodial financial institutions;
•changes in tax laws or unfavorable outcomes of tax positions we take, or a failure by us to establish adequate reserves for tax events;
•our ability to manage credit risks from our agents and official check financial institution customers;
•our ability to adequately protect our brand and intellectual property rights and to avoid infringing on the rights of others;
•our ability to manage risks related to the operation of retail locations and the acquisition or start-up of businesses;
•any restructuring actions and cost reduction initiatives that we undertake may not deliver the expected results and these actions may adversely affect our business;
•our capital structure;
•unpredictability and severity of catastrophic events, including acts of terrorism, outbreak of war or hostilities, civil unrest, adverse climate or weather events and pandemics or other public health emergencies, as well as our response to any of the aforementioned factors;
•risks relating to the proposed Merger (as defined herein), including the possibility that the consummation of the Merger could be delayed or not completed, and the effect of announcement or pendency of the Merger on our business; and
•the risks and uncertainties described in the Risk Factors and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations sections of our 2021 Form 10-K, as well as any additional risk factors that may be described in our other filings with the SEC from time to time.
These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and MoneyGram undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements for any reason, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by federal securities law.
PART I.
Item 1. BUSINESS
Overview
MoneyGram International, Inc. (together with our subsidiaries, "MoneyGram," the "Company," "we," "us" and "our") is a global leader in cross-border P2P payments and money transfers. Our consumer-centric capabilities enable family and friends to quickly and affordably send money in more than 200 countries and territories with over 100 countries digitally-enabled as of December 31, 2021. The innovative MoneyGram platform leverages its leading distribution network, global financial settlement engine, cloud-based infrastructure with integrated APIs and its unparalleled compliance program to enable seamless and secure transfers around the world. Whether through our mobile application, moneygram.com, integration with account deposit and mobile wallets, kiosks, or any one of the more than 430,000 agent locations around the globe, we connect consumers, primarily those who may not be fully served by other financial institutions, in any way that is convenient for them. As an alternative financial services company, we provide individuals with essential services to help them meet the financial demands of their daily lives. Our growing direct-to-consumer digital business, our Retail Channel centered around our global distribution network, our emerging embedded finance business for enterprise customers and MoneyGram-as-a-Service, enable the Company to serve the entire remittance market. Given strong mobile P2P market growth rates, our direct-to-consumer digital business is a growth engine for the Company as our digital capabilities enable us to serve new customer segments who utilize our platform to transfer money around the world.
Our money transfer services are our primary revenue driver, but MoneyGram has additional offerings which include bill payment services, money order services and official check processing. We have one primary customer care center in Warsaw, Poland, with regional support centers providing ancillary services and additional call center services in various countries. MoneyGram provides call center services 24 hours per day, 365 days per year and provides customer service in dozens of languages.
The MoneyGram® brand has name recognition throughout the world. We use various trademarks and service marks in our business, including, but not limited, to MoneyGram, the red Globe design logo, MoneyGram FastSend, ExpressPayment and AgentWorks, some of which are registered in the U.S. and other countries. This document also contains trademarks and service marks of other businesses that are the property of their respective holders and are used herein solely for identification purposes. We have omitted the ® and TM designations, as applicable, for the trademarks we reference in this 2021 Form 10-K.
We conduct our business primarily through our wholly-owned subsidiary, MoneyGram Payment Systems, Inc. ("MPSI"), under the MoneyGram brand. The Company was incorporated in Delaware on December 18, 2003. Through the Company's predecessors, we have been in operation since 1940.
Recent Developments
On February 14, 2022, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement") by and among the Company, Mobius Parent Corp., a Delaware corporation ("Parent") and an affiliate of Madison Dearborn Partners, LLC ("Madison Dearborn"), and Mobius Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Parent ("Merger Sub").
The Merger Agreement provides that, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company (the "Merger"). Following the Merger the Company will become a subsidiary of Parent. At the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of common stock will be automatically canceled and converted into the right to receive $11.00 in cash. Consummation of the Merger is subject to the satisfaction or, if permitted by law, waiver by Parent, the Company or both of a number of conditions, including, among other things, (a) approval of the Merger Agreement by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock, (b) expiration or termination of applicable waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, (c) the receipt of required approvals with respect to money transmitter licenses and applicable foreign investment and competition laws, (d) the absence of any material adverse effect on the Company's business and (e) other customary closing conditions. The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights for the parties, including the right of the parties, subject to specified limitations, to terminate the Merger Agreement if the Merger is not consummated by February 13, 2023 (the "End Date"), although the End Date may be extended to May 14, 2023 in certain circumstances to obtain required money transfer approvals. The terms of the Merger Agreement did not impact the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021.
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Our Segments
We manage our business primarily through two reporting segments: Global Funds Transfer ("GFT") and Financial Paper Products ("FPP"). The following table presents the components of our consolidated revenue associated with our reporting segments for the years ended December 31:
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
| GFT | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Money transfer | 93 | % | 91 | % | 87 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Bill payment | 3 | % | 4 | % | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||
| FPP | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Money order | 3 | % | 3 | % | 4 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Official check | 1 | % | 2 | % | 4 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||
See Part II, Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 17 — Segment Information of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this report for additional financial information about our segments and geographic areas.
During 2021, 2020 and 2019, our 10 largest agents accounted for 26%, 30% and 32%, respectively, of total revenue and 26%, 31% and 34%, respectively, of GFT segment revenue. Walmart Inc. ("Walmart") is our only agent that accounts for more than 10% of our total revenue. In 2021, 2020 and 2019 Walmart accounted for 11%, 13% and 16% of total revenue, respectively. In 2021, 2020 and 2019 Walmart accounted for 10%, 13% and 16% of GFT segment revenue, respectively.
GFT Segment
The GFT segment is our primary revenue driver, providing global money transfer services and bill payment services principally as an alternative to banking services in more than 200 countries and territories around the world. We primarily offer services through third-party agents, including retail chains, independent retailers, post offices, banks and other financial institutions. We also offer digital solutions such as moneygram.com, mobile app solutions, account deposit and kiosk-based services. Additionally, we have limited Company-operated retail locations.
In October 2021, we entered into a partnership with The Stellar Development Foundation ("SDF"), a non-profit organization that supports the development and growth of Stellar, an open-source public blockchain that allows money to be tokenized and transferred anywhere in the world. MoneyGram's network, integrated with the Stellar blockchain and facilitated through Circle's USD Coin (USDC), enable cash funding and payout in local currency for consumers using USDC.
We continue to focus on the growth of our GFT segment for outbound transactions originating in the U.S. and those originating outside of the U.S. Sends originated outside of the U.S. generated 58% in 2021, 55% in 2020 and 52% in 2019 of our total revenue and 60% in 2021, 59% in 2020 and 57% in 2019 of our total GFT segment revenue. In 2021, our GFT segment had total revenue of $1.2 billion.
Money Transfer — We earn our money transfer revenues primarily from consumer transaction fees and the management of currency exchange spreads on money transfer transactions involving different "send" and "receive" currencies. We have Corridor pricing capabilities that provide us flexibility when establishing consumer fees and non-U.S. dollar exchange rates for our money transfer services, which allow us to remain competitive in all locations. In a cash-to-cash money transfer transaction, both the agent initiating and receiving the transaction earn a commission that is generally based on a percentage of the fee charged to the consumer, or in certain cases a fixed commission. When a money transfer transaction is initiated at a MoneyGram-owned store or via our online platform, typically only the agent receiving the transaction earns a commission.
In certain countries, we have multi-currency technology that allows consumers to choose a currency when initiating or receiving a money transfer. The currency choice typically consists of local currency, U.S. dollars and/or euros. These capabilities allow consumers to know the amount that will be received in the selected currency.
Retail Channel
As of December 31, 2021, our money transfer agent network had more than 430,000 locations. Our network includes agents such as international post offices, banks and broader financial services, as well as large and small retailers. Additionally, we have a limited number of Company-owned and operated retail locations in Western Europe. Some of our agents outside the U.S. manage sub-agents that offer MoneyGram branded services. We refer to these agents as super-agents. Although the sub-agents are under contract with these super-agents, the sub-agent locations typically have access to similar technology and services as our other agent locations. Many of our agents have multiple locations, a large number of which operate in locations that are open outside of traditional banking hours, including nights and weekends. Our agents know the markets they serve, and
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they work with our sales and marketing teams to develop business plans for their markets. This may include contributing financial resources to, or otherwise supporting, our efforts to market MoneyGram's services.
Typically, retail send transactions are funded in cash. In retail receive transactions, the funds are available for the designated recipient to collect usually within 10 minutes at any MoneyGram agent location.
As of December 31, 2021, in over 90 countries, the designated recipient may also receive the transferred funds via a deposit to the recipient's bank account or mobile wallet account.
Digital Channel
We offer money transfer services through our Digital Channel which includes MGO (our direct-to-consumer business), digital partners, direct transfers to bank accounts, mobile wallets and debit card solutions such as Visa Direct. MGO is available in 37 countries and territories as of December 31, 2021. Through our Digital Channel, consumers can send money from the convenience of their own homes to any of our agent locations worldwide, a recipient's bank account or a recipient's mobile wallet. MGO consumers can fund their transactions from their bank accounts, debit cards, or credit cards. MGO, the Company’s single largest generator of money transfer transactions, maintains three of its individual country sites on the Company’s top 10 list of money transfer generating sources. In 2021, MGO’s U.S. site became the Company's largest source of money transfer revenue in the world, surpassing Walmart. Cross-border money transfer transactions through MGO grew 57% in 2021 compared to the prior year.
We also offer money transfer services via digital partners, which enable our partners’ customers to send international money transfers online or through a mobile device to any MoneyGram pay-out location or directly to a recipient’s bank account or mobile wallet through the MoneyGram platform.
Transfers directly to bank accounts and mobile wallets are the third main component of our Digital Channel. Through the MoneyGram platform, customers had direct access to over 4.0 billion accounts in over 90 countries as of December 31, 2021. Total digital transactions represented 34% of money transfer transactions for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Bill Payment Services — Bill payment revenues are generated primarily from fees charged to consumers for each transaction completed. Our primary bill payment service offering is our ExpressPayment service, which we offer at substantially all of our money transfer agent locations in the U.S., Canada and Puerto Rico, at certain agent locations in select Caribbean and European countries and through our digital solutions.
Through our bill payment services, consumers can complete urgent bill payments, pay routine bills, or load and reload prepaid debit cards with cash at an agent location or through moneygram.com. We offer consumers same-day and two- or three-day payment service options; the service option is dependent upon our agreement with the biller. We offer payment options to over 12,000 billers in key industries, including the ability to allow the consumer to load or reload funds to over 500 prepaid debit card programs. These industries include the credit card, mortgage, auto finance, telecommunications, corrections, health care, utilities, property management, prepaid card and collections industries.
Marketing — The global marketing organization employs an omnichannel approach that tailors our brand message to each specific market, culture and consumer preferences. The organization is increasingly focusing on search related digital marketing tactics to reach consumers on their computers and mobile devices. Our marketing strategy also includes our MoneyGram Plus Rewards loyalty program that gives consumers the benefit of earning discounts on future transactions and special promotions available only to loyalty members.
Sales — Our sales teams are organized by geographic area, product and delivery channel. We have dedicated teams focused on developing our agent and biller networks to enhance the reach of our money transfer and bill payment products. Our agent requirements vary depending upon the type of outlet, location and compliance and regulatory requirements. Our sales teams and strategic partnership teams continue to improve our agent relationships and overall network strength with a goal of providing the optimal agent and consumer experience.
Competition — The market for money transfer and bill payment services is very competitive on a regional and global basis. We generally compete on customer experience, price, the ability to conduct both digital and cash transactions, the convenience of multiple payout options across a broad global network in over 200 countries & territories, commission payments, customer loyalty program initiatives and marketing efforts.
Our competitors include a small number of large money transfer and bill payment providers, financial institutions, banks and a large number of small niche money transfer service providers that serve select regions. Our largest competitor in the cross-border money transfer industry is The Western Union Company ("Western Union"), which also competes with our bill payment services and money order businesses. Additionally, Walmart has a white-label money transfer service, operated by a competitor of MoneyGram, that allows consumers to transfer money between Walmart U.S. store locations. In 2018, Walmart launched Walmart2World, Powered by MoneyGram, a new white-label money transfer service that allows customers to send money from Walmart in the U.S. to any MoneyGram location in the world. On November 4, 2019, Walmart announced that the white-label
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money transfer service would now be joined by other brands in becoming part of a marketplace of money transfer services at Walmart stores across the U.S. On January 19, 2021, Walmart informed us that they had entered into a new agreement that would enable Western Union money transfer, bill payment and money order services at U.S. Walmart locations.
We expect to encounter increasing competition as digitally-focused new entrants seek to grow revenue through customer acquisition initiatives focused on specific Corridors, but we believe we will continue to differentiate against the competition by competing on a global scale, addressing the entire remittance market by offering digital and cash capabilities and delivering a superior customer experience in addition to continuing to be a fintech innovator and a leader in protecting consumers through our unparalleled compliance engine and variety of product offerings.
Seasonality — A larger share of our annual money transfer revenues traditionally occurs in the second and fourth quarters as a result of major global holidays falling during these periods, in addition to seasonal travel patterns throughout the world.
FPP Segment
Our FPP segment provides money orders to consumers through our agents and financial institutions located throughout the U.S. and Puerto Rico and provides official check outsourcing services for banks and credit unions across the U.S.
In 2021, our FPP segment generated revenues of $54.8 million from fee and other revenue and investment revenue. We earn revenue from the investment of funds underlying outstanding official checks and money orders. We refer to our cash and cash equivalents, settlement cash and cash equivalents, interest-bearing investments and available-for-sale investments collectively as our "investment portfolio." Our investment portfolio consists of low risk, highly liquid bank deposits that earn a market rate of return for similar investments.
Money Orders — Consumers use our money orders to make payments in lieu of cash or personal checks. We generate revenue from money orders by charging per item and other fees, as well as from the investment of funds underlying outstanding money orders, which generally remain outstanding for approximately eight days. We sell money orders under the MoneyGram brand and on a private label or co-branded basis with certain agents and financial institutions in the U.S. As of December 31, 2021, we issued money orders through our network of over 9,800 agents and financial institutions located in the U.S. and Puerto Rico.
Official Check Outsourcing Services — Official checks are used by consumers where a payee requires a check drawn on a bank. Financial institutions also use official checks to pay their own obligations. Similar to money orders, we generate revenue from our official check outsourcing services through U.S. banks and credit unions by charging per item and other fees, as well as from the investment of funds underlying outstanding official checks, which generally remain outstanding for approximately four days. As of December 31, 2021, we provided official check outsourcing services through 630 financial institutions at over 6,400 branch bank locations.
Marketing — We employ a wide range of marketing methods. We use a marketing mix to support our brand, which includes traditional, digital and social media, point of sale materials, signage at our agent locations and targeted marketing campaigns. Official checks are financial institution branded, and therefore, all marketing to this segment is business to business.
Sales — Our sales teams are organized by product and delivery channel. We have dedicated teams that focus on developing our agent and financial institution networks to enhance the reach of our official check and money order products. Our agent and financial institution requirements vary depending upon the type of outlet or location, and our sales teams continue to improve and strengthen these relationships with a goal of providing the optimal consumer experience with our agents and financial institutions.
Competition — Our money order competitors include a small number of large money order providers and a large number of small regional and niche money order providers. Our largest competitors in the money order industry are Western Union and the U.S. Postal Service. We generally compete for money order agents on the basis of value, service, quality, technical and operational differences, price, commission and marketing efforts. We compete for money order consumers on the basis of trust, convenience, availability of outlets, price, technology and brand recognition.
Official check competitors include financial institution solution providers, such as core data processors and corporate credit unions. We generally compete against a financial institution's desire to perform these processes in-house with support from these types of organizations. We compete for official check customers on the basis of value, service, quality, technical and operational differences, price and commission.
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Regulation
Compliance with laws and regulations is a highly complex and integral part of our day-to-day operations. Our operations are subject to a wide range of laws and regulations of the U.S. and other countries, including anti-money laundering laws and regulations; financial services regulations; currency control regulations; anti-bribery laws; sanctions laws and regulations; money transfer and payment instrument licensing laws; escheatment laws; privacy, data protection and information security laws; and consumer disclosure and consumer protection laws. Regulators worldwide are exercising heightened supervision of money transfer providers and requiring increased efforts to ensure compliance. Failure to comply with any applicable laws and regulations could result in restrictions on our ability to provide our products and services, as well as the potential imposition of civil fines and possibly criminal penalties. See the Risk Factors section in Item 1A for additional discussion regarding potential impacts of failure to comply. We continually monitor and enhance our global compliance programs in light of the most recent legal and regulatory changes.
Anti-Money Laundering Compliance
Our services are subject to U.S. anti-money laundering laws and regulations, including the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, as well as state laws and regulations and the anti-money laundering laws and regulations of many of the countries in which we operate, particularly in the European Union. Countries in which we operate may require one or more of the following:
•reporting of large cash transactions and suspicious activity;
•limitations on amounts that may be transferred by a consumer or from a jurisdiction at any one time or over specified periods of time, which require aggregation over multiple transactions;
•consumer information gathering and reporting requirements;
•consumer disclosure requirements, including language requirements and non-U.S. dollar restrictions;
•notification requirements as to the identity of contracting agents, governmental approval of contracting agents or requirements and limitations on contract terms with our agents;
•registration or licensing of the Company or our agents with a state or federal agency in the U.S. or with the central bank or other proper authority in a foreign country; and
•minimum capital or capital adequacy requirements.
Anti-money laundering regulations are constantly evolving and vary from country to country. We continuously monitor our compliance with anti-money laundering regulations and implement policies and procedures in light of the most current legal requirements.
We offer our money transfer services primarily through third-party agents with whom we contract and do not directly control. As a money services business, we and our agents are required to establish anti-money laundering compliance programs that include: (i) internal policies and controls; (ii) designation of a compliance officer; (iii) ongoing employee training and (iv) an independent review function. We have developed an anti-money laundering training manual available in multiple languages and a program to assist with the education of our agents on the various rules and regulations. We also offer in-person and online training as part of our agent compliance training program and engage in various agent oversight activities. We have also adopted a global compliance policy that outlines key principles of our compliance program to our agents.
In connection with regulatory requirements to assist in the prevention of money laundering, terrorist financing and other illegal activities and pursuant to legal obligations and authorizations, the Company makes information available to certain U.S. federal and state, as well as certain foreign, government agencies when required by law. In recent years, the Company has experienced an increase in data sharing requests by these agencies, particularly in connection with efforts to prevent money laundering or terrorist financing or reduce the risk of consumer fraud. In certain cases, the Company is also required by government agencies to deny transactions that may be related to persons suspected of money laundering, terrorist financing or other illegal activities, and as a result the Company may inadvertently deny transactions from customers who are making legal money transfers, which could lead to liability or reputational damage. Responding to these agency requests may result in increased operational costs.
Sanctions Compliance
In addition to anti-money laundering laws and regulations, our services are subject to sanctions laws and regulations promulgated by OFAC and other jurisdictions in which our services are offered. These sanctions laws and regulations require screening of transactions against government watch-lists, including but not limited to, the watch-lists maintained by OFAC and prohibit transactions in, to or from certain countries, governments, individuals and entities. Sanctions regimes may also impose limitations on amounts that may be transferred by a consumer to or from a jurisdiction at any one time or over specified periods of time, requiring aggregation over multiple transactions, as well as transactional and other reporting to a government agency.
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Money Transfer and Payment Instrument Licensing
In most countries, either we or our agents are required to obtain licenses or to register with a government authority in order to offer money transfer services. Almost all states in the U.S., the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam require us to be licensed to conduct business within their jurisdictions, exercise authority over certain aspects of our business and regularly examine us and our business.
Our primary overseas operating subsidiary, MoneyGram International SRL, is a licensed payment institution under the National Bank of Belgium pursuant to the European Union Payment Services Directive ("PSD"). The Company, through its subsidiaries, is also licensed in other jurisdictions including the United Kingdom, Mexico and Canada. In 2016, the PSD was amended by a revised Payment Services Directive ("PSD2"), which was implemented in the national law of the member states during or prior to January 2018 and was further amended by the 4th and 5th Anti-Money Laundering Directives in the European Union. Among other changes, the PSD2, as amended, has increased the supervisory powers granted to member states with respect to activities performed by us and our agents in the European Union. We are also subject to increasingly significant licensing or other regulatory requirements in various other jurisdictions. The financial penalties associated with the failure to comply with anti-money laundering laws have increased in recent regulation, including the 4th Anti-Money Laundering Directive in the EU. These laws have increased and will continue to increase our costs and could also increase competition in some or all of our areas of service. Legislation that has been enacted or proposed in other jurisdictions could have similar effects.
Licensing requirements in the U.S. and abroad may include minimum net worth requirements, provision of surety bonds or letters of credit, compliance with operational procedures, agent oversight and the maintenance of reserves or "permissible investments" in an amount equivalent to outstanding payment obligations, as defined by our various regulators. The types of securities that are considered "permissible investments" vary across jurisdictions, but generally include cash and cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other highly rated debt instruments. Many regulators require us to file reports on a quarterly or more frequent basis to verify our compliance with their requirements. Many regulators also subject us to periodic examinations and require us and our agents to comply with anti-money laundering and other laws and regulations.
Escheatment Regulations
Unclaimed property laws of every state in the U.S., the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands require that we track certain information on all our payment instruments and money transfers and, if they are unclaimed at the end of an applicable statutory abandonment period, that we remit the proceeds of the unclaimed property to the appropriate jurisdiction. Statutory abandonment periods for payment instruments and money transfers range from three to seven years. Certain foreign jurisdictions also have unclaimed property laws. These laws are evolving and are frequently unclear and inconsistent among various jurisdictions, making compliance challenging. We have an ongoing program designed to comply with escheatment laws as they apply to our business.
Data Privacy and Cybersecurity Laws and Regulations
We are subject to federal, state and international laws and regulations relating to the collection, use, retention, security, transfer, storage and disposal of personally identifiable information of our consumers, agents and employees. In the U.S., we are subject to various federal privacy laws, including the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which requires that financial institutions provide consumers with privacy notices and have in place policies and procedures regarding the safeguarding of personal information. We are also subject to privacy and data breach laws of various states. Outside the U.S., we are subject to privacy laws of numerous countries and jurisdictions. In some cases, these laws are more restrictive than the U.S. laws and impose more stringent duties on companies or penalties for non-compliance. For example, the General Data Protection Regulation in the European Union ("GDPR") imposes a higher standard of personal data protection with significant penalties for non-compliance for companies operating in the European Union or doing business with European Union residents. The new California Consumer Protection Act, which became effective on January 1, 2020, imposes heightened data privacy requirements on companies that collect information from California residents and creates a broad set of privacy rights and remedies modeled in part on the GDPR. In addition, government surveillance laws and data localization laws are evolving to address increased and changing threats and risks. These laws continue to develop and may be inconsistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Dodd-Frank Act
The Dodd-Frank Act was signed into law in 2010. The Dodd-Frank Act imposes additional regulatory requirements and creates additional regulatory oversight over us. The Dodd-Frank Act created the CFPB. The CFPB's Remittance Transfer Rule became effective on October 28, 2013. Its requirements include: a disclosure requirement to provide consumers sending funds internationally from the U.S. enhanced pre-transaction written disclosures, an obligation to resolve certain errors, including errors that may be outside our control and an obligation to cancel transactions that have not been completed at a customer's request. As a "larger participant" in the market for international money transfers, we are subject to direct examination and supervision by the CFPB. We have modified our systems and consumer disclosures in light of the requirements of the Remittance Transfer Rule. In addition, under the Dodd-Frank Act, it is unlawful for any provider of consumer financial
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products or services to engage in unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices. The CFPB has substantial rule making and enforcement authority to prevent unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices in connection with any transaction with a consumer for a financial product or service.
Non-U.S. Dollar Exchange Regulation
Our money transfer services are subject to non-U.S. dollar exchange statutes of the U.S., as well as similar state laws and the laws of certain other countries in which we operate. Certain of these statutes require registration or licensure and reporting. Others may impose currency exchange restrictions with which we must comply.
Anti-Bribery Regulation
We are subject to regulations imposed by the FCPA in the U.S., the U.K. Bribery Act and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions. We are subject to recordkeeping and other requirements imposed upon companies related to compliance with these laws. We maintain a compliance program designed to comply with applicable anti-bribery laws and regulation.
Clearing and Cash Management Bank Relationships
Our business involves the transfer of money on a global basis on behalf of our consumers, our agents and ourselves. We buy and sell a number of global currencies and maintain a network of settlement accounts to facilitate the funding of money transfers and foreign exchange trades to ensure that funds are received on a timely basis. Our relationships with the clearing, trading and cash management banks are critical to an efficient and reliable global funding network.
In the U.S., we have agreements with four active clearing banks that provide clearing and processing functions for official checks, money orders and other draft instruments. We believe that this network of banks provides sufficient capacity to handle the current and projected volumes of items for these services.
We maintain significant relationships with major international banks which provide the capability to transfer money electronically as well as through domestic electronic funds transfer networks and international wire transfer systems. There are a limited number of banks that have capabilities broad enough in scope to handle our volume and complexity. Consequently, we generally employ banks whose market is not limited to their own country or region and have extensive systems capabilities and branch networks that can support settlement needs that are often unique to different countries around the world. In 2013, we activated our participation in the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication ("SWIFT") network for international wire transfers, which improves access to all banks in the world while lowering the cost of these funds transfers.
Intellectual Property
The MoneyGram brand is important to our business. We have registered our MoneyGram trademark in the U.S. and in a majority of the other countries in which we do business. We maintain a portfolio of other trademarks that are material to our Company, which are discussed above in the Overview section. In addition, we maintain a portfolio of MoneyGram branded and related domain names.
We rely on a combination of patent, trademark and copyright laws and trade secret protection and confidentiality or license agreements to protect our proprietary rights in products, services, expertise and information. We believe the intellectual property rights in processing equipment, computer systems, software and business processes held by us and our subsidiaries provide us with a competitive advantage. We take appropriate measures to protect our intellectual property to the extent such intellectual property can be protected.
Human Capital
Global Talent — At MoneyGram, our people are our most important asset and the success of our global talent (human capital) is essential to the success of our Company. As of December 31, 2021, we employed 898 employees in the U.S. and 2,174 employees globally.
Attracting, recruiting, developing and retaining diverse talent enables us to build a strong and dynamic company. We are focused on supporting our employees across the full employee lifecycle from candidate recruitment through the full employee experience. We have implemented a variety of global and local programs designed to promote employee wellness, particularly during difficult times such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. For example, in 2020, we worked with our employees to provide a fully virtual work place, accommodating school, family and health needs of our employees, offering additional training, work-from-home flexibility and increased mental health support through our employee assistance program and our benefits partners. In 2021, we allowed all global employees to determine whether they wanted to return to the office full time, partially, or become permanently virtual employees. We also gave employees greater autonomy over their working hours to better accommodate their personal lives.
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Employee Engagement — At MoneyGram, we provide a variety of employee engagement programs designed to ensure that our employees have a voice in their future and are engaged in our business. We solicit direct employee feedback related to new proposals and programs, and we also have a robust engagement team (“The Red Team”) with representatives across all of our regions and offices, with a focus on employee volunteerism and community service opportunities. We host monthly employee engagement forums and Lunch and Learn discussion on a variety of personal and Company development topics. We also work to keep our employees updated on Company opportunities and developments through quarterly Town Hall meetings with our CEO and full executive leadership team. We offer two paid Community Service days per year where all employees are encouraged to spend time volunteering within their communities.
Talent Acquisition and Development — As a leading FinTech and digital payments company, we compete for top global talent around the world. We value our employees for who they are as individuals, and we believe that a strong culture focused on respect for each employee as a valuable individual is essential to the successful acquisition, retention and development of diverse talent. To that end, we focus on inclusive hiring, employee development, positive coaching and mentorship and internal and external educational opportunities. We have a robust in-house training program, and we likewise provide opportunities for formal and informal continuing education participation for our employees across their respective areas of expertise. Whether it is through tuition reimbursement, Company-paid certification courses, outside or internal continuing education or simply department-led trainings, we invest in our employees’ development.
Employee Wellness — We value our employees and work to provide competitive programs to support the total wellness of our employees, including resources, programs and services to support our employees’ physical, mental and financial wellness. We provide a variety of benefits to our employees globally, including a choice of comprehensive health insurance plans, fully-paid maternity and family leave, vacation and holiday time off and retirement planning and financial well-being services in addition to retirement savings opportunities. We also provide fully paid employee time off for employee volunteerism and community service and provide community service opportunities for our employees who wish to participate. We also offer a global virtual, interactive wellness program for all employees. We offer a number of Company-funded as well as optional benefits and discounts for our employees, from a variety of life, disability and critical care programs, pet insurance, legal services plans, rideshare and transportation opportunities and discount insurance packages. We are constantly reviewing and improving our global benefits packages across all markets to ensure that we are providing our employees the most competitive package of benefits to meet the needs of employees and families.
Diversity, Equity & Inclusion ("DEI") — Our focus on diversity, inclusion, equity, has grown from a corporate social responsibility program to a full DEI and Social Impact program. MoneyGram has boasted an inclusive and non-discriminatory workplace long before it was legally mandated and our commitment to principles of diversity, equity and inclusion extend to our recruiting practices, or our vendors and trading partners, our employee experiences and our community service activities. MoneyGram engages in global programs to promote hiring of disabled employees, as well as a focus on racial, religious, ethnic and gender diversity. We are committed to providing an inclusive workplace, with specific focus on providing opportunities to all of our global workforce. We are committed to equal pay for equal work, inclusive leadership opportunities and intentional focus on creating a workplace that celebrates and embraces our employees for who they are in all aspects of their lives.
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Executive Officers of the Registrant
W. Alexander Holmes, age 47, has served as Chief Executive Officer since January 2016 and Chairman of the Board since February 2018. Prior to that, Mr. Holmes served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer of the Company from February 2014 to December 2015 and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from March 2012 to January 2014. He joined the Company in 2009 as Senior Vice President for Corporate Strategy and Investor Relations. From 2003 to 2009, Mr. Holmes served in a variety of positions at First Data Corporation, including chief of staff to the Chief Executive Officer, Director of Investor Relations and Senior Vice President of Global Sourcing & Strategic Initiatives. From 2002 to 2003, he managed Western Union's Benelux region from its offices in Amsterdam.
Lawrence Angelilli, age 66, has served as Chief Financial Officer since January 2016. Prior to that, Mr. Angelilli served as Senior Vice President, Corporate Finance and Treasurer from 2014 to 2016. He joined the Company in August 2011 as Senior Vice President and Treasurer. From 2009 to 2010, Mr. Angelilli served as Director of Underwriting at Hudson Advisors, a global asset management company affiliated with Lone Star Funds, a global private equity fund. From 1998 to 2009, he was Senior Vice President of Finance at Centex Corporation, a publicly traded homebuilder and mortgage originator. Prior to 1998, Mr. Angelilli held senior corporate finance positions at NationsBank Corporation and Chrysler Financial Corporation.
Hilary Jackson, age 41, has served as the Chief Operating Officer since April 2021. Prior to that, from November 2019 to April 2021, Ms. Jackson served as the Chief Operating Officer for Selene Holdings, a residential mortgage servicing company. Prior to joining Selene, Ms. Jackson held multiple executive roles at Capital One from November 2014 to October 2019, including Head of Technology for Top of House Products within Capital One’s Financial Services division and Head of Home Loans Servicing. Ms. Jackson also spent 12 years at Bank of America, where she provided executive leadership in the mortgage lines of business. Within mortgage servicing, she led risk assessment and analytics, horizontal business controls, business transformation, strategic implementation, program management and loss mitigation operations. She also held executive leadership roles within the mortgage originations and sales organizations. Ms. Jackson started her career as a financial analyst with a nationwide medical practice management company. She holds a Bachelor of Business Administration in Finance from Texas A&M University – Commerce and a Master of Business Administration degree from Texas Tech University.
Robert L. Villaseñor, age 51, has served as General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since October 2019. He joined the Company in July 2018 as Associate General Counsel, Corporate and Securities and Assistant Secretary. He has over 20 years of experience representing public companies on a broad range of legal issues including public reporting, lending and capital markets transactions, mergers and acquisitions, strategic investments and various commercial matters. Prior to MoneyGram, he worked in the Corporate and Securities Group at Starbucks Corporation from 2012 to 2018. Prior to Starbucks, he served as the chief corporate and securities attorney at two other public companies. He began his career in private practice at the law firm of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP working in the areas of mergers and acquisitions and capital markets.
Grant A. Lines, age 57, has served as Chief Revenue Officer since January 2018. Prior to that, he served as Chief Revenue Officer, Africa, Middle East, Asia Pacific, Russia and CIS from February 2015 until January 2018. Mr. Lines previously served the Company as Executive Vice President, Asia-Pacific, South Asia and Middle East from February 2014 to February 2015. Prior to that, Mr. Lines served the Company as Senior Vice President, Asia-Pacific, South Asia and Middle East from February 2013 to February 2014. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Lines served as General Manager of Black Label Solutions, a leading developer and supplier of computerized retail point of sale systems, from May 2011 to December 2012. He served as Managing Director of First Data Corporation's ANZ business, a global payment processing company, from September 2008 to February 2011.
Andres Villareal, age 57, has been Chief Compliance Officer since March 2016. He joined the Company in April 2015 as Senior Vice President and Deputy Chief Compliance Officer. From 2004 to April 2015, Mr. Villareal held various positions at Citigroup, a leading global bank, including Global Head of Compliance for Citi Commercial Bank and Chief Compliance Officer for Citi Assurance Services, a captive insurance company. Mr. Villareal has over 29 years of experience in various compliance, legal and business roles in a variety of industries, including financial services, banking and insurance.
Anna Greenwald, age 44, was named Chief Readiness Officer in March 2021. In this role, she leads global customer care and agent operations units, go-to-market strategy, agent oversight and engagement, and global regulatory exam readiness. Since joining MoneyGram in July 2011, Ms. Greenwald has held positions in Product, Technology and Operations. Prior to MoneyGram, she worked for Boston Scientific, a manufacturer of medical devices, Qumu, an enterprise video platform for live and on-demand videos, and other leading technology companies. She has led business model transformations, global expansion initiatives, managed merger activities and oversaw compliance remediation efforts. Ms. Greenwald holds a Master of Business Administration from the University of Colorado, a Master of Science from Metropolitan State University and a Bachelor of Science from Minnesota State University.
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Available Information
Our website address is www.moneygram.com. The information on our website is not part of this 2021 Form 10-K. We make our reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, Section 16 reports on Forms 3, 4 and 5 and all amendments to those reports, available electronically free of charge in the Investor Relations section of our website (ir.moneygram.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with or furnished to the SEC. Additionally, the SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, which may be found at www.sec.gov.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
Various risks and uncertainties could affect our business. Any of the risks described below or elsewhere in the 2021 Form 10-K or our other filings with the SEC could have a material impact on our business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Related to the Merger
The announcement and pendency of the Merger could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The announcement and pendency of the proposed Merger could cause disruptions to our business or business relationships and create uncertainty surrounding our business, which could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations, regardless of whether the Merger is completed, including as a result of the following (all of which could be exacerbated by a delay in completion of the Merger):
•customers, agents or other parties with which we maintain business relationships may experience uncertainty prior to the closing of the Merger and seek alternative relationships with third parties or seek to terminate or renegotiate their relationships with us;
•our employees may experience uncertainty about their future roles with us, which might adversely affect our ability to attract, retain and motivate key personnel and other employees;
•the Merger Agreement restricts us from engaging in certain actions without the consent of Parent, including, among other things, subject to certain exceptions, acquiring other businesses and assets, selling, transferring or licensing our assets, making investments, making capital expenditures, repurchasing or issuing securities and incurring indebtedness; these restrictions could prevent or delay us from pursuing business opportunities that may arise prior to the consummation of the Merger and result in our inability to respond effectively and timely to competitive pressures, industry developments, developments relating to our customers and agents; and
•the attention of our management may be directed to Merger-related considerations and may be diverted from the day-to-day operations of our business; and.
•there may be litigation relating to the Merger, or injunctions or governmental orders initiated by a governmental entity restraining, enjoining or prohibiting the consummation of the Merger, and there may be costs related thereto.
The proposed Merger may not be completed within the timeframe we anticipate or at all, and the failure to complete or delays in completing the Merger could adversely affect our business, financial results and stock price.
We can provide no assurance that the proposed Merger will be consummated or consummated in the timeframe or manner currently anticipated including, among other things, due to the “go-shop” provision contained in the Merger Agreement that permits us to solicit alternative acquisition proposals from third parties during a 30-day period. Completion of the Merger is subject to a number of conditions, such as the receipt of regulatory approvals, including approvals with respect to money transmitter licenses, and shareholder approval, which are not within our control. There can be no assurance as to when, or if, the conditions to closing of the Merger will be satisfied or waived (as applicable). In addition, the Merger Agreement may be terminated under certain specified circumstances, including, but not limited to, a change in recommendation of our Board of Directors and a termination of the Merger Agreement by us to accept a “Company Superior Proposal” (as defined in the Merger Agreement).
These conditions to closing are described in more detail in the Merger Agreement, which is included as Exhibit 2.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 15, 2022. In addition, while the Merger is not subject to a financing condition, Parent will need to receive equity and debt financing, as it has obtained such financing commitments, in order to satisfy its payment obligations and pay other costs and expenses related to the Merger. Further, any delay in completing the Merger could cause us or the combined company not to realize some or all of the benefits that the parties expect us or the combined company to achieve in connection with the Merger.
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If the transaction is not consummated within the expected time frame or at all, we may be subject to a number of material risks. The price of our common stock may decline to the extent that current market prices reflect a market assumption that the Merger will be completed. In addition, some costs, expenses and fees related to the Merger must be paid whether or not the Merger is completed, and we have incurred, and will continue to incur, significant costs, expenses and fees for professional services and other transaction costs in connection with the proposed Merger, as well as the direction of management resources towards the Merger, for which we will have received little or no benefit if the closing of the Merger does not occur. We may also experience negative reactions from our shareholders and other investors, employees, agents and other parties with which we maintain business relationships. In addition, if the Merger Agreement is terminated, in specified circumstances, we may be required to pay a termination fee. If the Merger is not consummated, there can be no assurance that any other transaction acceptable to us will be offered or that our business, prospects or results of operations will not be adversely affected. If the Merger is not consummated for any reason, holders of our common stock will not receive the Merger Consideration for their shares in connection with the Merger. Instead, our common stock will continue to be listed and traded on the Nasdaq and registered under the Exchange Act, and we will continue to file periodic reports with the SEC on account of our common stock.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
The COVID-19 outbreak, declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, is ongoing both in the United States and globally and has adversely affected and may continue to materially adversely affect, our business operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flow. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will further impact our business depends on future developments, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict.
The outbreak of COVID-19, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, is ongoing both in the United States and globally, causing significant macroeconomic uncertainty, volatility and disruption. In response, many governments have initiated, resumed or extended social distancing rules, lockdowns or shelter-in-place orders resulting in the closure of many businesses. These actions have resulted in an overall reduction in consumer activity and the continued closure of some of our agent locations.
The COVID-19 pandemic and the related economic fallout began to adversely impact MoneyGram's results of operations in the middle of March 2020. The inability of our agents to operate normally has reduced the volume of consumer transactions in almost all of the 200 countries and territories in which we operate. These developments have negatively impacted and may continue to negatively impact our sales and operating margin as well as our workforce, agents and customers.
It is impossible to predict the scope and duration of the impact of the pandemic on our business as the situation is ever evolving and there are a number of uncertainties related to this pandemic. These uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the potential adverse effect on the global economy, our agent network, travel and transportation services, our employees and customers. Even though some governments lifted some restrictions on citizens and businesses during the second half of 2020, the resulting economic impact of COVID-19 could still continue to negatively impact our business and the recent resurgence of COVID-19 cases (including due to variant strains) could result in further lockdowns and shelter-in-place orders by governments. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will further impact our business depends on future developments, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict, and accordingly, as the COVID-19 situation continues to evolve, additional adverse effects may arise that are currently unknown. All of these effects discussed above could have a material adverse effect on our near-term and long-term business operations, revenues, earnings, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows.
We face intense competition, and if we are unable to continue to compete effectively for any reason, including due to our enhanced compliance controls, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
The markets in which we compete are highly competitive, and we face a variety of competitors across our businesses, some of which have larger and more established customer bases and substantially greater financial, marketing and other resources than we have. Money transfer, bill payment and money order services compete in a concentrated industry, with a small number of large competitors and a large number of small, niche competitors. Our money transfer products compete with a variety of financial and non-financial companies, including banks, card associations, web-based services, payment processors, informal remittance systems, consumer money transfer companies and others. The services are differentiated by features and functionalities, including brand recognition, customer service, reliability, distribution network and options, price, speed and convenience. Distribution channels such as online, mobile solutions, account deposit and kiosk-based services continue to evolve and impact the competitive environment for money transfers. The electronic bill payment services within our GFT segment compete in a highly fragmented consumer-to-business payment industry. Our official check business competes primarily with financial institutions that have developed internal processing capabilities or services similar to ours and do not outsource official check services. Financial institutions could also offer competing official check outsourcing services to our existing and prospective official check customers.
Our future growth depends on our ability to compete effectively in money transfer, bill payment, money order and official check services. For example, if our products and services do not offer competitive features and functionalities or if we do not keep up with technological advances, we may lose customers to our competitors, which could adversely affect our business,
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financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if we fail to price our services appropriately relative to our competitors, consumers may not use our services, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, transaction volume where we face intense competition could be adversely affected by pricing pressures between our money transfer services and those of some of our competitors, which could reduce margins and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. We have historically implemented and will likely continue to implement price adjustments from time to time in response to competition and other factors. If we reduce prices in order to more effectively compete, such reductions could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations in the short term and may also adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations in the long term if transaction volumes do not increase sufficiently.
In addition, our enhanced compliance controls have negatively impacted and may continue to negatively impact, our revenue and net income. In 2018 we launched enhanced compliance measures representing the highest standards in the industry, including new global customer verification standards for all money transfer services, which have significantly increased our operating expenses. While these measures have resulted in a decline in fraud rates, they have negatively impacted and may continue to negatively impact, our revenue and net income. Such impacts could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations in the short term and may also adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations in the long term if transaction volumes do not increase sufficiently.
If we lose key agents, our business with such agents is reduced or we are unable to maintain our agent network under terms consistent with those currently in place, including due to increased costs or loss of business as a result of higher compliance standards, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Most of our revenue is earned through our agent network. In addition, our international agents may have subagent relationships in which we are not directly involved. If agents or their subagents decide to leave our network, our revenue and profits could be adversely affected. Agent loss may occur for a number of reasons, including competition from other money transfer providers, an agent's dissatisfaction with its relationship with us or the revenue earned from the relationship, or an agent's unwillingness or inability to comply with our standards or legal requirements, including those related to compliance with anti-money laundering regulations, anti-fraud measures or agent monitoring.
Agents may also generate fewer transactions or reduce locations for reasons unrelated to our relationship with them, including increased competition in their business, political unrest, general economic conditions, regulatory costs or other reasons. In addition, we may not be able to maintain our agent network under terms consistent with those already in place. Larger agents may demand additional financial concessions or may not agree to enter into exclusive arrangements, which could increase competitive pressure. The inability to maintain our agent contracts on terms consistent with those already in place, including in respect of exclusivity rights, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A substantial portion of our agent network locations, transaction volume and revenue is attributable to or generated by a limited number of key agents. During 2021 and 2020, our ten largest agents accounted for 26% and 30%, respectively, of our total revenue. Our largest agent, Walmart, accounted for 10% and 13% of our total revenue in 2021 and 2020, respectively. If our contracts with our key agents, including Walmart, are not renewed or are terminated, or are renewed but on less favorable terms, or if such agents generate fewer transactions, reduce their locations or allow our competitors to use their services (e.g. Ria and Western Union in Walmart), our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, the introduction of additional competitive products by Walmart or our other key agents, including competing white-label products, could reduce our business with those key agents and intensify industry competition, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Complex and evolving U.S. and international laws and regulation regarding privacy and data protection could result in claims, changes to our business practices, penalties, increased cost of operations or otherwise harm our business.
We are subject to requirements relating to data privacy and the collection, processing, storage, transfer and use of data under U.S. federal, state and foreign laws. For example, the FTC routinely investigates the privacy practices of companies and has commenced enforcement actions against many, resulting in multi-million dollar settlements and multi-year agreements governing the settling companies' privacy practices. In addition, the General Data Protection Regulation in the European Union, effective May 2018, imposed a higher standard of personal data protection with significant penalties for non-compliance for companies operating in the European Union or doing business with European Union residents. The new California Consumer Protection Act, which became effective on January 1, 2020, imposes heightened data privacy requirements on companies that collect information from California residents. If we are unable to meet such requirements, we may be subject to significant fines or penalties. Furthermore, certain industry groups require us to adhere to privacy requirements in addition to federal, state and foreign laws, and certain of our business relationships depend upon our compliance with these requirements. As the number of jurisdictions enacting privacy and related laws increases and the scope of these laws and enforcement efforts expands, we will increasingly become subject to new and varying requirements. Failure to comply with existing or future data privacy laws, regulations and requirements, including by reason of inadvertent disclosure of personal information, could result in significant
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adverse consequences, including reputational harm, civil litigation, regulatory enforcement, costs of remediation, increased expenses for security systems and personnel, harm to our consumers and harm to our agents. These consequences could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, the Company makes information available to certain U.S. federal and state, as well as certain foreign, government agencies in connection with regulatory requirements to assist in the prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing and pursuant to legal obligations and authorizations. In recent years, the Company has experienced increasing data sharing requests by these agencies, particularly in connection with efforts to prevent terrorist financing or reduce the risk of identity theft. During the same period, there has also been increased public attention to the corporate use and disclosure of personal information, accompanied by legislation and regulations intended to strengthen data protection, information security and consumer privacy. These regulatory goals may conflict, and the law in these areas is not consistent or settled. While we believe that we are compliant with our regulatory responsibilities, the legal, political and business environments in these areas are rapidly changing, and subsequent legislation, regulation, litigation, court rulings or other events could expose us to increased program costs, liability and reputational damage that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A breach of security in the systems on which we rely could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on a variety of technologies to provide security for our systems. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries affecting the efficacy of cryptography or other events or developments, including improper acts by third parties, may result in a compromise or breach of the security measures we use to protect our systems. We obtain, transmit and store confidential consumer, employer and agent information in connection with certain of our services. These activities are subject to laws and regulations in the U.S. and other jurisdictions. The requirements imposed by these laws and regulations, which often differ materially among the many jurisdictions, are designed to protect the privacy of personal information and to prevent that information from being inappropriately disclosed.
Any security breaches in our or our suppliers’ source code, computer networks, systems, databases or facilities could lead to the inappropriate use or disclosure of personally identifiable or proprietary information, which could harm our business and result in, among other things, unfavorable publicity, damage to our reputation, loss in our consumers' confidence in our or our agents' business, fines or penalties from regulatory or governmental authorities, a loss of consumers, lawsuits and potential financial losses. In addition, we may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against these security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches. Our agents, banks, digital asset exchanges and third-party independent contractors may also experience security breaches involving the storage and transmission of our data as well as the ability to initiate unauthorized transactions, funds transfers or digital asset transfers. If an entity gains improper access to our, our suppliers', agents' banks', digital asset exchanges' or our third-party independent contractors', source code, computer networks, systems, or databases or facilities, they may be able to steal, publish, delete or modify confidential customer information or generate unauthorized money transfers, funds transfers or digital asset transfers. Such a breach could expose us to monetary liability, losses and legal proceedings, lead to reputational harm, cause a disruption in our operations, or make our consumers and agents less confident in our services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Cybersecurity threats continue to increase in frequency and sophistication; a successful cybersecurity attack could interrupt or disrupt our information technology systems or cause the loss of confidential or protected data which could disrupt our business, force us to incur excessive costs or cause reputational harm.
The size and complexity of our information systems make such systems potentially vulnerable to service interruptions or to security breaches from inadvertent or intentional actions by our employees or vendors, or from attacks by malicious third parties. Such attacks are of ever-increasing levels of sophistication and are made by groups and individuals with a wide range of motives and expertise. While we have invested in the protection of data and information technology, there can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent or quickly identify service interruptions or security breaches. Any such interruption or breach of our systems could adversely affect our business operations and result in the loss of critical or sensitive confidential information or intellectual property and could result in financial, legal, business and reputational harm to us.
Other attacks in recent years have included distributed denial of service ("DDoS") attacks, in which individuals or organizations flood commercial websites or application programming interfaces ("APIs") with extraordinarily high volumes of traffic with the goal of disrupting the ability of commercial enterprises to process transactions and possibly making their websites or APIs unavailable to customers for extended periods of time. We, as well as other financial services companies, have been subject to such attacks.
We maintain cyber liability insurance; however, this insurance may not be sufficient to cover the financial, legal, business or reputational losses that may result from an interruption or breach of our systems.
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Consumer fraud could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Criminals are using increasingly sophisticated methods to engage in illegal activities such as identity theft, fraud and paper instrument counterfeiting. As we make more of our services available over the internet and other digital media, we subject ourselves to new types of consumer fraud risk because requirements relating to consumer authentication are more complex with internet services. Certain former agents have also engaged in fraud against consumers, and existing agents could engage in fraud against consumers. We use a variety of tools to protect against fraud; however, these tools may not always be successful. Allegations of fraud may result in fines, settlements, litigation expenses and reputational damage.
Our industry is under increasing scrutiny from federal, state and local regulators in the U.S. and regulatory agencies in many countries in connection with the potential for consumer fraud. If consumer fraud levels involving our services were to rise, it could lead to further regulatory intervention and reputational and financial damage. This, in turn, could lead to additional government enforcement actions and investigations, reduce the use and acceptance of our services or increase our compliance costs and thereby have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
MoneyGram is subject to compliance with U.S. anti-money laundering laws, the Bank Secrecy Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, FCPA, PSD2 and numerous international laws and regulations. Failure to comply with these laws could result in material settlements, fines, penalties and increased operating costs, all of which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business is subject to certain regulations aimed at preventing money laundering and terrorism. We are subject to U.S. federal anti-money laundering laws, the Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering laws in other countries in which we operate, particularly in the European Union. We are subject to sanctions laws and regulations, promulgated by OFAC. We are also subject to financial services regulations, money transfer and payment instrument licensing regulations, consumer protection laws, currency control regulations, escheatment laws, privacy and data protection laws and anti-bribery laws. Many of these laws are evolving, with requirements that may be unclear and inconsistent across jurisdictions, making compliance challenging. Subsequent legislation, regulation, litigation, court rulings or other events could expose us to increased program costs, liability and reputational damage.
We are considered a Money Services Business in the U.S. under the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001. As such, we are subject to reporting, recordkeeping and anti-money laundering provisions in the U.S. as well as other jurisdictions. During 2017 and 2018, there were significant regulatory reviews and actions taken by U.S. and other regulators and law enforcement agencies against banks, Money Services Businesses and other financial institutions related to money laundering. We are also subject to regulatory oversight and enforcement by the U.S. Department of the Treasury Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. Any determination that we have violated any anti-money-laundering laws could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Dodd-Frank Act increases the regulation and oversight of the financial services industry. The Dodd-Frank Act addresses, among other things, systemic risk, capital adequacy, deposit insurance assessments, consumer financial protection, interchange fees, derivatives, lending limits, thrift charters and changes among the bank regulatory agencies. The Dodd-Frank Act requires enforcement by various governmental agencies, including the CFPB. Money transmitters such as the Company are subject to direct supervision by the CFPB and are required to provide additional consumer information and disclosures, adopt error resolution standards and adjust refund procedures for international transactions originating in the U.S. in a manner consistent with the Remittance Transfer Rule (a rule issued by the CFPB pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act). In addition, the CFPB may adopt other regulations governing consumer financial services, including regulations defining unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices and new model disclosures. We could be subject to fines or other penalties if we are found to have violated the Dodd-Frank Act's prohibition against unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices. The CFPB's authority to change regulations adopted in the past by other regulators could increase our compliance costs and litigation exposure. We may also be liable for failure of our agents to comply with the Dodd-Frank Act. The legislation and implementation of regulations associated with the Dodd-Frank Act have increased our costs of compliance and required changes in the way we and our agents conduct business. In addition, we are subject to periodic examination by the CFPB.
We are also subject to regulations imposed by the FCPA in the U.S., the U.K. Bribery Act and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions. Because of the scope and nature of our global operations, we experience a higher risk associated with the FCPA and similar anti-bribery laws than other companies. We are subject to recordkeeping and other requirements imposed upon companies related to compliance with these laws. Between 2016 and 2021, there has been an increase in regulatory reviews and enforcement actions taken by the U.S. and other regulators related to anti-bribery laws, along with increased scrutiny on payments to and relationships with, foreign entities and individuals.
We are also subject to the PSD2, as amended by the 4th and 5th Anti-Money Laundering Directives in the EU, which governs the regulatory regime for payment services in the European Union and similar regulatory or licensing requirements in other jurisdictions. The PSD2 and other international regulatory or licensing requirements may impose liability on us for the conduct of our agents and the commission of third-party fraud utilizing our services. If we fail to comply with the PSD2 or such other
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requirements, we could be subject to fines or penalties or revocation of our licenses, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Violation of laws or regulations by our agents could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In some cases, we could be liable for the failure of our agents or their subagents to comply with laws and regulations. As a result, the risk of adverse regulatory action against the Company related to the actions of its agents or their subagents, the cost to monitor our agents and their subagents has increased. In addition to fines and penalties, a failure by us or our agents to comply with applicable laws and regulations could seriously damage our reputation resulting in diminished revenue and profit, increased operating costs, revocation of required licenses or registrations, loss of approved status, termination of contracts with banks or retail representatives, administrative enforcement actions, class action lawsuits, cease and desist orders and civil and criminal liability. The occurrence of one or more of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to the discretion of administrative enforcement agencies.
In certain cases, regulations may provide administrative discretion regarding enforcement, and regulations may be applied inconsistently across the industry, resulting in increased costs for the Company that may not be incurred by competitors. Changes in laws, regulations or other industry practices and standards, or interpretations of legal or regulatory requirements, may reduce the market for or value of our products or services or render our products or services less profitable or obsolete. For example, policymakers may impose heightened customer due diligence requirements or other restrictions, fees or taxes on remittances. Additionally, we have been subject to ongoing investigations and enforcement-related inquiries by the NYDFS and CFPB, respectively. Changes in the laws affecting the kinds of entities that are permitted to act as money transfer agents (such as changes in requirements for capitalization or ownership) could adversely affect our ability to distribute certain services and the costs of providing those services.
Litigation or investigations involving us, our agents or other contractual counterparties could result in material settlements, fines or penalties and may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have been and in the future may be, subject to allegations and complaints that individuals or entities have used our money transfer services for fraud-induced money transfers, as well as certain money laundering activities, which may result in fines, penalties, judgments, settlements and litigation expenses. We also are the subject from time to time of litigation related to our business. The outcome of such allegations, complaints, claims and litigation cannot be predicted.
Regulatory and judicial proceedings and potential adverse developments in connection with ongoing litigation may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. There may also be adverse publicity associated with lawsuits and investigations that could decrease agent and consumer acceptance of our services. Additionally, our business has been in the past and may be in the future, the subject of class action lawsuits including securities litigation, regulatory actions and investigations and other general litigation. The outcome of class action lawsuits, including securities litigation, regulatory actions and investigations and other litigation is difficult to assess or quantify but may include substantial fines and expenses, as well as the revocation of required licenses or registrations or the loss of approved status, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations or consumers' confidence in our business. Plaintiffs or regulatory agencies in these lawsuits, actions or investigations may seek recovery of very large or indeterminate amounts, and the magnitude of these actions may remain unknown for substantial periods of time. The cost to defend or settle future lawsuits or investigations may be significant. In addition, improper activities, lawsuits or investigations involving our agents may adversely impact our business operations or reputation even if we are not directly involved.
If we fail to successfully develop and timely introduce new and enhanced products and services or if we make substantial investments in an unsuccessful new product, service or infrastructure change, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our future growth will depend, in part, on our ability to continue to develop and successfully introduce new and enhanced methods of providing money transfer, bill payment, money order, official check and related services that keep pace with competitive introductions, technological changes and the demands and preferences of our agents, financial institution customers and consumers. If alternative payment mechanisms become widely substituted for our current products and services, and we do not develop and offer similar alternative payment mechanisms successfully and on a timely basis, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. We may make future investments or enter into strategic alliances to develop new technologies and services or to implement infrastructure changes to further our strategic objectives, strengthen our existing businesses and remain competitive. Such investments and strategic alliances, however, are inherently risky, and we cannot guarantee that such investments or strategic alliances will be successful. If such investments and strategic alliances are not successful, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We have outstanding indebtedness in the form of Senior Secured Notes and a credit facility and may incur other debt in the future, which may adversely affect our financial condition and future financial results.
On July 21, 2021, we (i) completed a private offering of $415.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.375% senior secured notes due 2026 (the "notes") and related guarantees (the "notes offering") and (ii) entered into a new credit agreement (the "New Credit Agreement") with the lenders from time to time party thereto and Bank of America, N.A. as administrative agent.
The New Credit Agreement provides for (i) a senior secured five-year term loan in an aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million (the "Term Loan") and (ii) a senior secured four-year revolving credit facility that may be used for revolving credit loans, swingline loans and letters of credit up to an initial aggregate principal amount of $32.5 million (the "Revolving Credit Facility" and, together with the Term Loan, the "New Credit Facilities"). In December 2021, we added additional $7.50 million capacity to our Revolving Credit Facility bringing the total Revolving Credit Facility to $40.0 million.
As of December 31, 2021, we had $799.0 million in debt, including $415.0 million under the notes and $384.0 million outstanding under the Term Loan. Our existing and future levels of indebtedness could have important consequences to stockholders and note holders and may adversely affect our financial conditions and future financial results by, among other things:
•affecting our ability to satisfy our obligations under the notes and New Credit Agreement;
•requiring a significant portion of our cash flows from operations to be dedicated to interest and principal payments, which may not be available for operations, working capital, capital expenditures, expansion, acquisitions or general corporate or other purposes;
•impairing our ability to obtain additional financing in the future;
•limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and industry; and
•increasing our vulnerability to downturns in our business, our industry or the economy in general, including any such downturn related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Further, the Indenture governing the terms of the notes contains covenants limiting the ability of MoneyGram and certain of our subsidiaries to, among other things, incur or guarantee additional debt or issue disqualified stock or certain preferred stock; create or incur liens; pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions; make certain investments; create restrictions on the ability to pay dividends to or make certain intercompany transfers; transfer or sell assets; merge or consolidate, and; enter into certain transactions with affiliates.
The New Credit Agreement also contains certain financial covenants and certain negative covenants, including limitations on liens, asset sales, consolidations and mergers, acquisitions, investments, indebtedness, transactions with affiliates and payment of dividends.
These restrictions could adversely affect our ability to finance our future operations or capital needs, withstand a future downturn in our business or the economy in general, engage in business activities, including future opportunities that may be in our interest, and plan for or react to market conditions or otherwise execute our business strategies. Our ability to comply with the covenants and other terms governing the notes and the New Credit Agreement will depend in part on our future operating performance. If we fail to comply with such covenants and terms, we may be in default and the maturity of the related debt could be accelerated and become immediately due and payable. In addition, because substantially all of our assets are pledged as a security under the New Credit Agreement, if we are not able to cure any default or repay outstanding borrowings, such assets are subject to the risk of foreclosure by our lenders. From time to time, we may not be in compliance with such covenants or other terms governing the New Credit Agreement and we may be required to obtain waivers or amendments to the New Credit Agreement from our lenders in order to maintain compliance and there can be no certainty that any such waiver or amendment will be available, or what the cost of such waiver or amendment, if obtained, would be. If we are unable to obtain necessary waivers and the debt under such credit facility is accelerated, we would be required to obtain replacement financing at prevailing market rates, which may not be favorable to us. Additionally, a default on indebtedness could result in a default under the terms of the indenture governing the notes. There is no guarantee that we would be able to satisfy our obligations if any of our indebtedness is accelerated.
We may be adversely affected by the potential discontinuation of LIBOR.
In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority in the United Kingdom, which regulates LIBOR, publicly announced that it will no longer compel or persuade banks to make LIBOR submissions after 2021. This announcement is expected to effectively end LIBOR rates beginning in 2022, and while other alternatives have been proposed, it is unclear which, if any, alternative to LIBOR will be available and widely accepted in major financial markets.
While there is currently no consensus on what rate or rates may become accepted alternatives to LIBOR, a group of large banks, the Alternative Reference Rate Committee ("AARC"), selected the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") as an
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alternative to LIBOR for U.S. dollar denominated loans and securities. SOFR has been published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York ("FRBNY") since May 2018, and it is intended to be a broad measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities. The FRBNY currently publishes SOFR daily on its website at apps.newyorkfed.org/markets/autorates/sofr. The FRBNY states on its publication page for SOFR that use of SOFR is subject to important disclaimers, limitations and indemnification obligations, including that the FRBNY may alter the methods of calculation, publication schedule, rate revision practices or availability of SOFR at any time without notice. Because SOFR is published by the FRBNY based on data received from other sources, the Company has no control over its determination, calculation or publication. There can be no assurance that SOFR will not be discontinued or fundamentally altered in a manner that is materially adverse to the parties that utilize SOFR as the reference rate for transactions. There is also no assurance that SOFR will be widely adopted as the replacement reference rate for LIBOR.
The Term Loan and the Revolving Credit Facility each permit both base rate borrowings and LIBOR borrowings, in each case plus a spread above the base rate or LIBOR rate, as applicable. If an alternative to LIBOR is not available and widely accepted after 2021, our ability to borrow at an alternative to the base may be adversely impacted, and the costs associated with any potential future borrowings may increase.
Weakness in economic conditions could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our money transfer business relies in part on the overall strength of global and local economic conditions. Our consumers tend to be employed in industries such as construction, energy, manufacturing and retail that tend to be cyclical and more significantly impacted by weak economic conditions than other industries. This may result in reduced job opportunities for our customers in the U.S. or other countries that are important to our business, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, sustained weakness in the price of oil could adversely affect economic conditions and lead to reduced job opportunities in certain regions that constitute a significant portion of our total money transfer volume, which could result in a decrease in our transaction volume. In addition, increases in employment opportunities may lag other elements of any economic recovery.
Our agents or billers may have reduced sales or business as a result of weak economic conditions. As a result, our agents could reduce their number of locations or hours of operation, or cease doing business altogether. Our billers may have fewer consumers making payments to them, particularly billers in those industries that may be more affected by an economic downturn such as the automobile, mortgage and retail industries.
Extended periods of economic disruption and high inflation could have an adverse effect on our business. Inflation in the United States climbed to its highest level in 40 years at the end of 2021. Significant inflation can impact our results of operations and financial condition by increasing interest rates and the cost of labor, equipment, and other expenses. In a highly inflationary environment, we may be unable to increase prices for our offerings to offset the corresponding increase to operating costs, which may impact our margins. Further, catastrophic events, including acts of terrorism, outbreak of war or hostilities, civil unrest, adverse climate or weather events and pandemics or other public health emergencies, could lead to extended periods of economic disruption.
As economic conditions deteriorate in a market important to our business, our revenue, financial condition and results of operations can be adversely impacted. Additionally, if our consumer transactions decline due to deteriorating economic conditions, we may be unable to timely and effectively reduce our operating costs or take other actions in response, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A significant change or disruption in international migration patterns could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our money transfer business relies in part on international migration patterns, as individuals move from their native countries to countries with greater economic opportunities or a more stable political environment. A significant portion of money transfer transactions are initiated by immigrants or refugees sending money back to their native countries. Changes in immigration laws that discourage international migration and political or other events (such as war, trade wars, terrorism or health emergencies including but not limited to the COVID-19 pandemic) that make it more difficult for individuals to migrate or work abroad could adversely affect our money transfer remittance volume or growth rate. Specifically, since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have initiated, resumed or extended social distancing rules, lockdowns or shelter-in-place orders resulting in the inability of many individuals to migrate or work abroad, which has impacted our business. The resulting economic impact of prior and ongoing COVID-19 governmental lockdown orders could continue to negatively impact our business. Furthermore, continuing increases in COVID-19 cases occurring now or in the future could result in a return to lockdowns and shelter-in-place orders by governments which could negatively impact our business.
Additionally, sustained weakness in global economic conditions could reduce economic opportunities for migrant workers and result in reduced or disrupted international migration patterns. Reduced or disrupted international migration patterns, particularly in the U.S. or Europe, are likely to reduce money transfer transaction volumes and therefore have an adverse effect
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on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, significant changes in international migration patterns could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
There are a number of risks associated with our international sales and operations that could adversely affect our business.
We provide money transfer services between and among more than 200 countries and territories and continue to expand in various international markets. Our ability to grow in international markets and our future results could be adversely affected by a number of factors, including:
•changes in political and economic conditions and potential instability in certain regions, including in particular the recent civil unrest, terrorism, political turmoil and economic uncertainty in Africa, the Middle East, Europe and other regions;
•restrictions on money transfers to, from and between certain countries;
•currency controls, new currency adoptions and repatriation issues;
•changes in regulatory requirements or in foreign policy, including the adoption of domestic or foreign laws, regulations and interpretations detrimental to our business;
•possible increased costs and additional regulatory burdens imposed on our business;
•the implementation of U.S. sanctions, resulting in bank closures in certain countries and the ultimate freezing of our assets;
•burdens of complying with a wide variety of laws and regulations;
•possible fraud or theft losses and lack of compliance by international representatives in foreign legal jurisdictions where collection and legal enforcement may be difficult or costly;
•reduced protection of our intellectual property rights;
•unfavorable tax rules or trade barriers;
•inability to secure, train or monitor international agents; and
•failure to successfully manage our exposure to non-U.S. dollar exchange rates, in particular with respect to the euro.
In particular, a portion of our revenue is generated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. As a result, we are subject to risks associated with changes in the value of our revenues denominated in non-U.S. dollars. In addition, we maintain significant non-U.S. dollar balances that are subject to volatility and could result in losses due to a devaluation of the U.S. dollar. As exchange rates among the U.S. dollar, the euro and other currencies fluctuate, the impact of these fluctuations may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition as reported in U.S. dollars. See Enterprise Risk Management-Non-U.S. Dollar Risk in Item 7A of this 2020 Form 10-K for more information.
Because our business is particularly dependent on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our information technology, computer network systems and data centers, disruptions to these systems and data centers could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to provide reliable services largely depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our computer network systems and data centers. Our business involves the movement of large sums of money and the management of data necessary to do so. The success of our business particularly depends upon the efficient and error-free handling of transactions and data. We rely on the ability of our employees and our internal systems and processes, including our consumer applications, to process these transactions in an efficient, uninterrupted and error-free manner.
In the event of a breakdown, catastrophic event (such as fire, natural disaster, power loss, telecommunications failure or physical break-in), security breach, computer virus, improper operation, improper action by our employees, agents, consumers, financial institutions or third-party vendors or any other event impacting our systems or processes or our agents' or vendors' systems or processes, we could suffer financial loss, loss of consumers, regulatory sanctions, lawsuits and damage to our reputation or consumers' confidence in our business. The measures we have enacted, such as the implementation of disaster recovery plans and redundant computer systems, may not be successful. We may also experience problems other than system failures, including software defects, development delays and installation difficulties, which would harm our business and reputation and expose us to potential liability and increased operating expenses. In addition, any work stoppages or other labor actions by employees who support our systems or perform any of our major functions could adversely affect our business. Certain of our agent contracts, including our contract with Walmart, contain service level standards pertaining to the operation of our system and give the agent a right to collect damages or engage other providers and, in extreme situations, a right of termination for system downtime exceeding agreed upon service levels. If we experience significant system interruptions or system failures, our business interruption insurance may not be adequate to compensate us for all losses or damages that we may incur.
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In addition, our ability to continue to provide our services to a growing number of agents and consumers, as well as to enhance our existing services and offer new services, is dependent on our information technology systems. If we are unable to effectively manage the technology associated with our business, we could experience increased costs, reductions in system availability and loss of agents or consumers. Any failure of our systems in scalability, reliability and functionality could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We conduct money transfer transactions in some regions that are politically volatile and economically unstable, which could increase our cost of operating in those regions.
We conduct money transfer transactions in some regions that are politically volatile and economically unstable, which could increase our cost of operating in those regions. For example, it is possible that our money transfer services or other products could be used in contravention of applicable law or regulations. Such circumstances could result in increased compliance costs, regulatory inquiries, suspension or revocation of required licenses or registrations, seizure or forfeiture of assets and the imposition of civil and criminal fees and penalties, inability to settle due to currency restrictions or volatility, or other restrictions on our business operations. In addition to monetary fines or penalties that we could incur, we could be subject to reputational harm that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Major bank failure or sustained financial market illiquidity, or illiquidity at our clearing, cash management and custodial financial institutions, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We face certain risks in the event of a sustained deterioration of financial market liquidity, as well as in the event of sustained deterioration in the liquidity, or failure, of our clearing, cash management and custodial financial institutions. In particular:
•We may be unable to access funds in our investment portfolio, deposit accounts and clearing accounts on a timely basis to settle our payment instruments, pay money transfers and make related settlements to agents. Any resulting need to access other sources of liquidity or short-term borrowing would increase our costs. Any delay or inability to settle our payment instruments, pay money transfers or make related settlements with our agents could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•In the event of a major bank failure, we could face major risks to the recovery of our bank deposits used for the purpose of settling with our agents and to the recovery of a significant portion of our investment portfolio. A substantial portion of our cash, cash equivalents and interest-bearing deposits are either held at banks that are not subject to insurance protection against loss or exceed the deposit insurance limit.
•Our Revolving Credit Facility is one source of funding for our corporate transactions and liquidity needs. If any of the lenders participating in our Revolving Credit Facility were unable or unwilling to fulfill its lending commitment to us, our short-term liquidity and ability to engage in corporate transactions, such as acquisitions, could be adversely affected.
•We may be unable to borrow from financial institutions or institutional investors on favorable terms, which could adversely impact our ability to pursue our growth strategy and fund key strategic initiatives.
If financial liquidity deteriorates, there can be no assurance we will not experience an adverse effect, which may be material, on our ability to access capital and on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
An inability by us or our agents to maintain adequate banking relationships may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on domestic and international banks for international cash management, electronic funds transfer and wire transfer services to pay money transfers and settle with our agents. We also rely on domestic banks to provide clearing, processing and settlement functions for our paper-based instruments, including official checks and money orders. Our relationships with these banks are a critical component of our ability to conduct our official check, money order and money transfer businesses. The inability on our part to maintain existing or establish new banking relationships sufficient to enable us to conduct our official check, money order and money transfer businesses could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to establish and maintain adequate banking relationships.
If we cannot maintain sufficient relationships with large international banks that provide these services, we would be required to establish a global network of local banks to provide us with these services or implement alternative cash management procedures, which may result in increased costs. Relying on local banks in each country in which we do business could alter the complexity of our treasury operations, degrade the level of automation, visibility and service we currently receive from banks and affect patterns of settlement with our agents. This could result in an increase in operating costs and an increase in the amount of time it takes to concentrate agent remittances and to deliver agent payables, potentially adversely impacting our cash flow, working capital needs and exposure to local currency value fluctuations.
We and our agents are considered Money Service Businesses in the U.S. under the Bank Secrecy Act. U.S. regulators are increasingly taking the position that Money Service Businesses, as a class, are high risk businesses. In addition, the creation of
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anti-money laundering laws has created concern and awareness among banks of the negative implications of aiding and abetting money laundering activity. As a result, banks may choose not to provide banking services to Money Services Businesses in certain regions due to the risk of additional regulatory scrutiny and the cost of building and maintaining additional compliance functions. In addition, certain foreign banks have been forced to terminate relationships with Money Services Businesses by U.S. correspondent banks. As a result, we and certain of our agents have been denied access to retail banking services in certain markets by banks that have sought to reduce their exposure to Money Services Businesses and not as a result of any concern related to the Company's compliance programs. If we or our agents are unable to obtain sufficient banking relationships, we or they may not be able to offer our services in a particular region, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in tax laws and unfavorable outcomes of tax positions we take could adversely affect our tax expense and liquidity.
From time to time, the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign governments may enact legislation that could increase our effective tax rates. If changes to applicable tax laws are enacted that significantly increase our corporate effective tax rate, our net income could be negatively impacted.
We file tax returns and take positions with respect to federal, state, local and international taxation, and our tax returns and tax positions are subject to review and audit by taxing authorities. An unfavorable outcome in a tax review or audit could result in higher tax expense, including interest and penalties, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We establish reserves for material known tax exposures; however, there can be no assurance that an actual taxation event would not exceed our reserves.
We face credit risks from our agents and financial institutions with which we do business.
The vast majority of our money transfer, bill payment and money order business is conducted through independent agents that provide our products and services to consumers at their business locations. Our agents receive the proceeds from the sale of our payment instruments and money transfers, and we must then collect these funds from the agents. If an agent becomes insolvent, files for bankruptcy, commits fraud or otherwise fails to remit payment instruments or money transfer proceeds to us, we must nonetheless pay the payment instrument or complete the money transfer on behalf of the consumer.
Moreover, we have made and may make in the future, secured or unsecured loans to agents under limited circumstances or allow agents to retain our funds for a period of time before remitting them to us. As of December 31, 2021, we had credit exposure to our agents of $346.1 million in the aggregate spread across 6,048 agents.
Financial institutions, which are utilized to conduct business for our FPP segment, issue official checks and money orders and remit to us the face amounts of those instruments the day after they are issued. We may be liable for payment on all of those instruments. As of December 31, 2021, we had credit exposure for official checks and money orders conducted by financial institutions of $357.1 million in the aggregate spread across 1,116 financial institutions. In addition, we maintain balances in banks and digital asset exchanges around the world for our money transfer business. The deposits in these institutions may not have balance protection and, in the case of digital asset exchanges, may not be subject to regulation.
We monitor the creditworthiness of our agents and the financial institutions with which we do business on an ongoing basis. There can be no assurance that the models and approaches we use to assess and monitor the creditworthiness of our agents and these financial institutions will be sufficiently predictive, and we may be unable to detect and take steps to timely mitigate an increased credit risk.
In the event of an agent bankruptcy or a financial institution receivership or insolvency, we would generally be in the position of creditor, possibly with limited or no security, and we would therefore be at risk of a reduced recovery. We are not insured against credit losses, except in circumstances of agent theft or fraud. Significant credit losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we are unable to adequately protect our brand and the intellectual property rights related to our existing and any new or enhanced products and services, or if we infringe on the rights of others, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
The MoneyGram brand is important to our business. We utilize trademark registrations in various countries and other tools to protect our brand. Our business would be harmed if we were unable to adequately protect our brand and the value of our brand was to decrease as a result.
We rely on a combination of patent, trademark and copyright laws, trade secret protection and confidentiality and license agreements to protect the intellectual property rights related to our products and services. We also investigate the intellectual property rights of third parties to prevent our infringement of those rights. We may be subject to third-party claims alleging that we infringe their intellectual property rights or have misappropriated other proprietary rights. We may be required to spend resources to defend such claims or to protect and police our own rights. We cannot be certain of the outcome of any such allegations. Some of our intellectual property rights may not be protected by intellectual property laws, particularly in foreign
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jurisdictions. The loss of our intellectual property protection, the inability to secure or enforce intellectual property protection or to successfully defend against claims of intellectual property infringement could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operation.
Failure to attract and retain key employees could have a material adverse impact on our business.
Our success depends to a large extent upon our ability to attract and retain key employees. Qualified individuals with experience in our industry are in high demand. In addition, legal or enforcement actions against compliance and other personnel in the money transfer industry may affect our ability to attract and retain key employees. The lack of management continuity or the loss of one or more members of our executive management team could harm our business and future development.
Any restructuring activities and cost reduction initiatives that we undertake may not deliver the expected results and these actions may adversely affect our business operations.
We have undertaken and may in the future undertake various restructuring activities and cost reduction initiatives in an effort to better align our organizational structure and costs with our strategy. These activities and initiatives can be substantial in scope and they can involve large expenditures. Such activities could result in significant disruptions to our operations, including adversely affecting the timeliness of product releases, the successful implementation and completion of our strategic objectives and the results of our operations. If we do not fully realize or maintain the anticipated benefits of any restructuring plan or cost reduction initiative, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We are required to certify and report on our compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and a report by our independent registered public accounting firm addressing the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. In order to achieve effective internal controls, we may need to enhance our accounting systems or processes, which could increase our cost of doing business. Any failure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Stock
Our charter and Delaware law contain provisions that could delay or prevent an acquisition of the Company, which could inhibit your ability to receive a premium on your investment from a possible sale of the Company.
Our charter contains provisions that may discourage third parties from seeking to acquire the Company. These provisions and specific provisions of Delaware law relating to business combinations with interested stockholders may have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing certain business combinations, including a merger or change in control of the Company. Some of these provisions may discourage a future acquisition of the Company even if stockholders would receive an attractive value for their shares or if a significant number of our stockholders believed such a proposed transaction to be in their best interests. As a result, stockholders who desire to participate in such a transaction may not have the opportunity to do so.
Our amended and restated bylaws provide that unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of lawsuits, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain their preferred judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.
Our amended and restated bylaws provide that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for each of the following:
•any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company;
•any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders;
•any action arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law; and
•any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine.
These exclusive-forum provisions do not apply to claims under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any other claims for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.
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Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any shares of our stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the exclusive forum provisions in our amended and restated bylaws.
These exclusive-forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. If any other court of competent jurisdiction were to find our exclusive-forum provision in our amended and restated bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business.
Our Board of Directors has the power to issue series of preferred stock and to designate the rights and preferences of those series, which could adversely affect the voting power, dividend, liquidation and other rights of holders of our common stock.
Under our charter, our Board of Directors has the power to issue series of preferred stock and to designate the rights and preferences of those series. Therefore, our Board of Directors may designate a new series of preferred stock with the rights, preferences and privileges that our Board of Directors deems appropriate, including special dividend, liquidation and voting rights. The creation and designation of a new series of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power, dividend, liquidation and other rights of holders of our common stock and, possibly, any other class or series of stock that is then in existence.
The market price of our common stock may be volatile.
The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, some of which may be beyond our control. These factors include the perceived prospects for or actual operating results of our business; changes in estimates of our operating results by analysts, investors or our management; our actual operating results relative to such estimates or expectations; actions or announcements by us, our agents, or our competitors; litigation and judicial decisions; legislative or regulatory actions; and changes in general economic or market conditions. In addition, the stock market in general has from time to time experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. These market fluctuations could reduce the market price of our common stock for reasons unrelated to our operating performance.
Investors in our common stock may be subject to state money transmitter change of control notice and approval requirements if their aggregate ownership equals or exceeds 10% of our outstanding voting or non-voting shares.
MoneyGram Payment Systems, Inc., one of our wholly owned subsidiaries, owns a money transmitter license, or the statutory equivalent, in each of the 49 U.S. states that require such a license to operate, as well as in certain U.S. territories. While state statutes governing money transmitters vary, most require investors to receive the approval of, or provide notice to, the relevant licensing authority before exceeding a certain ownership threshold, including indirect ownership, in a licensed money transmitter. These ownership thresholds vary by state, with the lowest being at 10% of voting or non-voting shares outstanding. Accordingly, current or prospective investors seeking to acquire 10% or greater ownership of MoneyGram in the aggregate would need to first obtain such regulatory approvals or provide such notices to the relevant regulators.
Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
Item 2. PROPERTIES
Our leased corporate offices are located in Dallas, TX. We have a number of offices leased in more than 30 countries and territories around the world including, but not limited to: U.S., United Kingdom, Poland and United Arab Emirates. These offices provide operational, sales and marketing support and are used by both our GFT Segment and our FPP Segment. We believe that our properties are sufficient to meet our current and projected needs. We periodically review our facility requirements and may acquire new facilities, or modify, consolidate, dispose of or sublet existing facilities, based on business needs.
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
A description of our legal proceedings is included in and incorporated by reference to Note 15 — Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this report.
Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
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PART II.
Item 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbol "MGI." As of February 23, 2022, there were 6,914 stockholders of record of our common stock.
On November 6, 2021, our Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase from time to time, on the open market and in private-negotiated transactions, shares of common stock. The aggregate repurchases of common stock, inclusive of any prior repurchase authorizations previously remaining, shall not exceed $50.0 million in the aggregate, exclusive of any fees, commissions or other expenses related to such repurchases. The Company is subject to limitations in our debt agreements on the amount of shares it may repurchase. Common stock tendered to, or withheld by, the Company in connection with the exercise of stock options or vesting of restricted stock units is not considered repurchased shares under the terms of the repurchase authorization. As of December 31, 2021, the Company repurchased 1,023,209 shares or $6.1 million in common stock and has remaining authorization to repurchase $43.9 million in common stock. The Merger Agreement contains certain restrictions that limit the Company's ability to make repurchases.
During the three months ended December 31, 2021, the Company repurchased 1,023,209 common shares.
| Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||
October 1, 2021 - October 31, 2021 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
November 1, 2021 - November 30, 2021 | 1,023,209 | $ | 5.99 | 1,023,209 | $ | 43.9 | |||||||||||||||||
December 1, 2021 - December 31, 2021 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 43.9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 1,023,209 | 1,023,209 | |||||||||||||||||||||
STOCKHOLDER RETURN PERFORMANCE
The Company's peer group consists of companies that are in the money remittance and payment industries, along with companies that effectively capture our competitive landscape given the products and services that we provide. The old peer group is composed of the following companies: Euronet Worldwide Inc., Fiserv, Inc., Global Payments Inc., International Money Express, Inc., PayPal Holdings, Inc., and Western Union. The new peer group includes Block, Inc. in addition of the old peer group.
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The following graph compares the cumulative total return from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2021 for our common stock, our new and old peer groups of payment services companies and the S&P 500 Index. The graph assumes the investment of $100 in each of our common stock, our new and old peer groups and the S&P 500 Index on December 31, 2016, and the reinvestment of all dividends as and when distributed. The graph is furnished and shall not be deemed "filed" with the SEC or subject to Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.
COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
AMONG MONEYGRAM INTERNATIONAL, INC.,
S&P 500 INDEX AND PEER GROUP INDEX
*$100 invested on 12/31/2016 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.
The following table is a summary of the cumulative total return for the fiscal years ending December 31:
| 12/31/2016 | 12/31/2017 | 12/31/2018 | 12/31/2019 | 12/31/2020 | 12/31/2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MoneyGram International, Inc. | $ | 100.00 | $ | 111.60 | $ | 16.93 | $ | 17.78 | $ | 46.27 | $ | 66.81 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S&P 500 | $ | 100.00 | $ | 121.83 | $ | 116.49 | $ | 153.17 | $ | 181.35 | $ | 233.41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New Peer Group | $ | 100.00 | $ | 158.12 | $ | 183.14 | $ | 251.93 | $ | 433.56 | $ | 342.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Old Peer Group | $ | 100.00 | $ | 153.29 | $ | 171.02 | $ | 241.79 | $ | 375.11 | $ | 299.90 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Item 6. [RESERVED]
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes contained in Part II, Item 8 of this report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated due to various factors discussed above under Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and under the caption Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A of this 2021 Form 10-K.
The comparisons presented in this discussion refer to the prior year, unless otherwise noted. For a discussion on the comparison between fiscal year 2020 and fiscal year 2019 results, see Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in MoneyGram’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the SEC. This discussion is organized in the following sections:
OVERVIEW
MoneyGram is a global leader in cross-border P2P payments and money transfers. Our consumer-centric capabilities enable the quick and affordable transfer of money to family and friends around the world. Whether through online and mobile platforms, integration with mobile wallets, kiosks, or any one of the hundreds of thousands of agent locations in over 200 countries and territories, with over 100 now digitally enabled, the innovative MoneyGram platform connects consumers in ways designed to be convenient for them. In the U.S. and in select countries and territories, we also provide bill payment services, issue money orders and process official checks. We primarily offer our services and products through our Digital Channel and third-party agents. The Digital Channel includes MGO (our direct-to-consumer business), digital partners, direct transfers to bank accounts, mobile wallets and debit card solutions such as Visa Direct. Third-party agents include retail chains, independent retailers, post offices and financial institutions. MoneyGram also has a limited number of Company-operated retail locations. Launched in April 2021, MoneyGram’s emerging embedded finance business for enterprise customers, MaaS, enables other companies to access MoneyGram’s global money transfer network and leverage the Company’s core capabilities as productized service offerings to meet their various business needs and quickly add services and scale.
We manage our revenue and related commissions expense through two reporting segments: GFT and FPP. The GFT segment provides global money transfer services in more than 430,000 agent locations. Our global money transfer services are our primary revenue driver, accounting for 93% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021. The GFT segment also provides bill payment services to consumers through substantially all of our money transfer agent locations in the U.S., at certain agent locations in select Caribbean and European countries and through our Digital Channel. The FPP segment provides money order services to consumers through retail locations and financial institutions located in the U.S. and Puerto Rico and provides official check services to financial institutions in the U.S.
COVID-19 Update
The global spread and unprecedented impact of COVID-19 and its variants, is complex and ever-evolving. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic and recommended extensive containment and mitigation measures worldwide. The outbreak is global and has impacted all the countries in which we do business. Since the outbreak, we have seen the profound effect it is having on human health, the global economy and society at large. Public and private sector policies aimed at reducing the transmission of COVID-19 have varied significantly in different regions of the world, but have resulted in shelter-in-place orders and the mandatory closing of various businesses across many of the countries in which we operate. Variants of COVID-19 combined with a lack of vaccinations in many countries have resulted in new waves of infections and new restrictions. These restrictions often have an impact on the ability of consumers to transact at agent locations, which can cause temporary reductions in remittance activity. Several countries and municipalities mandated closures of their borders and incorporated shelter-in-place orders in 2021.
It is impossible to predict the scope and duration of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as the situation has been different on a country by country basis. The impact of COVID-19 in 2021 and beyond will depend on the duration and severity of economic
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conditions resulting from the crisis, its impact on public health, immigration, public policy actions, vaccination rates and expansion and duration of returns to lockdowns and shelter-in-place orders by governments, as well as changes in consumer behavior over the long term.
We continue to place a priority on business continuity and contingency planning, including for potential extended closures of any key agents or disruptions related to our contractual counterparties that might arise as a result of COVID-19. While disruptions in our service offerings have occurred from time to time from temporary agent location closures, the inability of labor markets to return to normal mobility can represent a longer impact on the Company. We cannot reasonably estimate the potential impact or timing of those events, and we may not be able to mitigate such impact.
Business Environment
The competitive environment continues to change as both established players and new, digital-only entrants work to innovate and deliver an affordable and convenient customer experience to win market share. Our competitors include a small number of large money transfer and bill payment providers, financial institutions, banks and a number of small niche money transfer service providers that serve select regions. We generally compete on the basis of customer experience, price, agent commissions, brand awareness and convenience.
We continue to invest in innovative products and services, such as our leading mobile app and integrations with mobile wallets and account deposit services, to position the Company to meet consumer needs. Furthermore, our partnership with Visa Direct provides consumers with additional choices on how to receive funds across a broader number of countries. We believe that combining our cash and digital capabilities enables us to differentiate against digital-only competitors who are not able to serve a significant portion of the remittance market that relies on cash.
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Recent Developments
On February 14, 2022, we entered into a Merger Agreement by and among the Company, Parent and an affiliate of Madison Dearborn, and Merger Sub.
The Merger Agreement provides that, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company. Following the Merger the Company will become a subsidiary of Parent. At the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of common stock will be automatically canceled and converted into the right to receive $11.00 in cash. Consummation of the Merger is subject to the satisfaction or, if permitted by law, waiver by Parent, the Company or both of a number of conditions, including, among other things, (a) approval of the Merger Agreement by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock, (b) expiration or termination of applicable waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, (c) the receipt of required approvals with respect to money transmitter licenses and applicable foreign investment and competition laws, (d) the absence of any material adverse effect on the Company's business and (e) other customary closing conditions. The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights for the parties, including the right of the parties, subject to specified limitations, to terminate the Merger Agreement is the Merger is not consummated by February 13, 2023, although the End Date may be extended to May 14, 2023 in certain circumstances to obtain required money transfer approvals. The terms of the Merger Agreement did not impact the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021.
On January 5, 2022, we announced that we had completed a strategic minority investment in Coinme, a cryptocurrency cash exchange in the U.S. This venture, which gives us an approximate 2% ownership stake in Coinme, closed out Coinme's Series A financing round and provided MoneyGram with a direct ownership position.
On October 6, 2021, MoneyGram announced a partnership with the Stellar Development Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports the development and growth of the Stellar blockchain network and Circle Internet Financial Limited, a global financial technology firm that is the principal operator of USD Coin ("USDC"). MoneyGram's network, integrated with the Stellar blockchain and facilitated through Circle's USDC, will enable cash funding and payout in local currency for consumers using USDC. This offering provides consumers the ability to seamlessly convert USDC to cash, or cash to USDC and increases the utility and liquidity of digital assets while also enabling more consumers to participate in the digital economy. The impact of this partnership is expected to grow as more wallets and companies join the Stellar network.
On July 21, 2021, we entered into a New Credit Agreement with the lenders from time to time party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and completed our previously announced private offering of $415.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.375% senior secured notes due 2026 (the "Senior Secured Notes" or “notes”) and related guarantees. The New Credit Agreement provides for (i) a senior secured five-year Term Loan in an aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million and (ii) a senior secured four-year Revolving Credit Facility that may be used for revolving credit loans, swingline loans and letters of credit up to an initial aggregate principal amount of $32.5 million which was subsequently increased to $40.0 million in December 2021.
The proceeds from the notes offering, together with borrowings under the Term Loan, were used to prepay the full amount of outstanding indebtedness under the Prior Credit Facilities and to pay related accrued interest, fees and expenses. Simultaneous with the prepayment, the Prior Credit Facilities were terminated.
As a result of the implementation of this new long-term financing, we expect our interest expense to decline by approximately $47.0 million on an annualized basis and cash payments for interest to decline by approximately $36.0 million on an annualized basis.
In May 2021, MoneyGram launched a partnership with Coinme to enable the cash funding and payout of digital currency purchases and sales. The partnership, which utilizes MoneyGram's modern, mobile and API-driven payments platform and Coinme's proprietary cryptocurrency exchange and custody technology, was launched to bring bitcoin to thousands of new point-of-sale locations in the U.S.
In April 2021, the Company launched MoneyGram as a Service ("MaaS") to enable other companies to access MoneyGram’s leading global money transfer network through our powerful API-driven infrastructure and best-in-class technology. Enterprise customers can leverage the Company’s core capabilities as productized service offerings to meet their various business needs and quickly add services and scale.
The launch began with the successful integration of a partnership with Emergent Technology Ltd, the owner and operator of the G-Coin digital token, to enable quick and easy cash funding and payout of the purchase and sale of digital gold.
On January 11, 2021, MoneyGram committed to an operational plan to reduce overall operating expenses, including the elimination of approximately 110 positions across the Company and certain actions to reduce other ongoing operating expenses, including real estate-related expenses (the “2021 Organizational Realignment”). The actions are designed to streamline
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operations and structure the Company in a way that will be more agile and aligned around its plan to execute market-specific strategies. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the total expense for the 2021 Organizational Realignment was $9.1 million. The Company expects the 2021 Organizational Realignment to reduce operating expenses by approximately $18.0 million on an annualized basis. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has paid out substantially all costs related to the 2021 Organizational Realignment. See Note 3 — Reorganization Costs of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this report for additional information related to our 2021 Organizational Realignment.
Anticipated Trends
This discussion of trends expected to impact our business in 2022 is based on information presently available and reflects certain assumptions, including assumptions regarding future economic conditions. Differences in actual economic conditions compared with our assumptions could have a material impact on our results. See Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Part I, Item 1A, Risks Factors of our 2021 Form 10-K for additional factors that could cause results to differ materially from those contemplated by the following forward-looking statements.
In 2021, MoneyGram focused on positioning the Company to better compete by delivering a differentiated customer experience, scaling our digital growth, being the preferred partner for cross-border transactions, capturing new revenue by monetizing our capabilities and continuing to improve the cost structure of the Company. Throughout 2021, we entered into a number of partnerships across a variety of areas such as blockchain and cryptocurrency.
Through 2022, we believe the industry will continue to see a number of trends: the growth of digital transactions, a competitive pricing environment, continuing focus on customer experience and a broader trend towards potential diversification of product and service offerings.
To position the Company to respond to these trends, our digital-first strategy is creating tremendous value for consumers and the Company’s strategy will continue to focus on growing our digital business. To address this new and evolving digital consumer, we expect to continue to invest in product innovation as we look to go deeper and wider in our consumer-direct digital offerings. We also plan to expand MGO to new countries, add new digital send partners and add more wallets and account deposit offerings.
As we grow our digital business, we will also focus on maintaining our global cash network. The cash receive network is important to millions of receivers around the world who rely on cash to support the urgent needs of their families; additionally, in many markets the cash network continues to provide benefit for those consumers that need to send cash.
Additionally, in 2022 we plan to further execute our strategy to lead cross-border payment innovation and blockchain-enabled settlement through growing our partnership with the Stellar Development Foundation as well as through other initiatives and partnerships.
We expect a high level of competition for agents and customers, along with competitive pricing to be a continuous challenge through 2022. Currency volatility, liquidity pressure on certain central banks, immigration restrictions and continuing immobility of labor throughout the world may also continue to impact our business. We anticipate continuing prioritization of our cost structure related to transactions and expect to remain price competitive across our product line.
For our FPP segment, we expect the decline in overall paper-based transactions to continue primarily due to continued gradual migration by customers to other payment methods. Our investment revenue, which consists primarily of interest income generated through the investment of cash balances received from the sale of our FPP, is dependent on the prevailing short-term interest rate environment in the United States. The Company would see a positive impact on its investment revenue if U.S. money market rates rise and conversely, a negative impact if interest rates decline.
Financial Measures and Key Metrics
This 2021 Form 10-K includes financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP as well as certain non-GAAP financial measures that we use to assess our overall performance.
U.S. GAAP Measures — We utilize certain financial measures prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP to assess the Company's overall performance. These measures include fee and other revenue, commissions and other fee expense, fee and other revenue less commissions, gross profit, operating income and operating margin.
Non-GAAP Measures — Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of financial performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes (or includes) amounts that are included in (or excluded from) the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed as a supplement to and not a substitute for, financial measures presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP and are not necessarily comparable with similarly named metrics of other companies. We strongly encourage investors and stockholders to review our financial statements and publicly-filed reports in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure. We believe that the non-GAAP financial measures enhance investors' understanding of our business and performance because they are an
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indicator of the strength and performance of ongoing business operations. The non-GAAP measures are commonly used as a basis for investors, analysts and other interested parties to evaluate and compare the operating performance and value of companies within our industry. They are also used by management in reviewing results of operations, forecasting, allocating resources or establishing employee incentive programs. The following are non-GAAP financial measures we use to assess our overall performance:
EBITDA (Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, including agent signing bonus amortization).
Adjusted EBITDA (EBITDA adjusted for certain significant items) — Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our indebtedness or tax payments that may result in a reduction in cash available.
Adjusted Free Cash Flow (Adjusted EBITDA less cash interest, cash taxes, cash payments for capital expenditures and cash payments for agent signing bonuses) — Adjusted Free Cash Flow does not reflect cash payments related to the adjustment of certain significant items in Adjusted EBITDA.
Constant Currency — Constant currency metrics assume that amounts denominated in non-U.S. dollars are translated to the U.S. dollar at rates consistent with those in the prior year.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table is a summary of the results of operations for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Revenue | ||||||||||||||
| Fee and other revenue | $ | 1,275.8 | $ | 1,197.2 | ||||||||||
| Investment revenue | 7.8 | 20.0 | ||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 1,283.6 | 1,217.2 | ||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | ||||||||||||||
| Commissions and other fee expense | 622.7 | 603.6 | ||||||||||||
| Investment commissions expense | 0.9 | 3.6 | ||||||||||||
| Direct transaction expense | 60.5 | 45.8 | ||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | 684.1 | 653.0 | ||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 599.5 | 564.2 | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | ||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | 227.8 | 223.8 | ||||||||||||
| Transaction and operations support | 179.1 | 111.6 | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy, equipment and supplies | 61.9 | 61.4 | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 57.0 | 64.4 | ||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 525.8 | 461.2 | ||||||||||||
| Operating income | 73.7 | 103.0 | ||||||||||||
| Other expenses | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 69.5 | 92.4 | ||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 44.1 | — | ||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expense | 3.7 | 4.5 | ||||||||||||
| Total other expenses | 117.3 | 96.9 | ||||||||||||
| (Loss) income before income taxes | (43.6) | 6.1 | ||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | (5.7) | 14.0 | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (37.9) | $ | (7.9) | ||||||||||
Revenue
Revenue increased by $66.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, due to an increase in GFT revenue of $77.9 million, partially offset by a decrease in FPP revenue of $11.5 million. See the "Segments Results" section below for a detailed discussion of revenues by segment.
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Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue increased by $31.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, due to an increase in GFT cost of revenue of $33.9 million, partially offset by a decrease in FPP cost of revenue of $2.8 million. See the "Segments Results" section below for further discussions.
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and benefits increased by $4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily driven by severance costs associated with the 2021 Organizational Realignment, partially offset by higher employee related expenses in the prior year.
Transaction and Operations Support
Transaction and operations support primarily includes marketing, professional fees and other outside services, telecommunications, agent support costs, including forms related to our products, non-compensation employee costs, including training, travel and relocation costs, non-employee director stock-based compensation expense, bank charges, the impact of non-U.S. dollar exchange rate movements on our monetary transactions and assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the U.S. dollar and Ripple market development fees and related transaction and trading expenses.
Transaction and operations support increased by $67.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to:
•The absence of $38.3 million in net benefit from Ripple market development fees following the termination of the commercial agreement in the first quarter of 2021
•The absence of foreign exchange gains of $14.5 million, which primarily related to currency movements during the pandemic
•Reinstatement of expenses such as marketing in 2021
•An increase of $13.8 million in legal reserves. See Note 15 — Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 for additional information.
•Partially offset by lower compliance costs following the exit of the DPA in June 2021
Occupancy, Equipment and Supplies
Occupancy, equipment and supplies expense includes facilities rent and maintenance costs, software and equipment maintenance costs, freight and delivery costs and supplies. Occupancy, equipment and supplies expense remained relatively flat for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization includes depreciation on computer hardware and software, agent signage, point of sale equipment, capitalized software development costs, office furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements and amortization of intangible assets. Depreciation and amortization decreased by $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to a decrease in purchases of hardware and software as a result of our migration to cloud computing.
Other Expenses
Interest Expense decreased by $22.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to interest savings as a result of our recent refinancing activities.
Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt of $44.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, included $16.5 million of prepayment call premium and $27.6 million associated with the write-off of debt issuance costs and debt discounts.
Other non-operating expense remained relatively flat.
Income Tax Expense
For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized an income tax benefit of $5.7 million on a pre-tax loss of $43.6 million. Our income tax rate was lower than the statutory rate primarily due to non-deductible expenses, an increase in valuation allowance and foreign taxes net of federal income tax benefits, all of which were partially offset by U.S. general business credits and a net decrease in unrecognized tax benefits. See Note 14 — Income Taxes of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this report for additional information related to our unrecognized tax benefits.
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Segments Results
GFT
The following table sets forth our GFT segment results of operations for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Money transfer revenue | $ | 1,188.3 | $ | 1,104.7 | ||||||||||
| Bill payment revenue | 40.5 | 46.2 | ||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 1,228.8 | 1,150.9 | ||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 683.2 | 649.3 | ||||||||||||
| Gross profit | $ | 545.6 | $ | 501.6 | ||||||||||
Money Transfer Revenue
Money transfer revenue increased by $83.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, driven by transaction growth and continued stabilization in the Company’s traditional Retail Channel, coupled with the continued strength of the Company’s direct-to-consumer business MGO.
Bill Payment Revenue
Bill payment revenue decreased by $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, due to lower transactions as a result of increased competition in the Walmart marketplace.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue increased by $33.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to an increase in commissions and other fee expense driven by higher transactions.
FPP
The following table sets forth our FPP segment results of operations for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Money order revenue | $ | 40.9 | $ | 43.4 | ||||||||||
| Official check revenue | 13.9 | 22.9 | ||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 54.8 | 66.3 | ||||||||||||
| Investment commissions expense | 0.9 | 3.7 | ||||||||||||
| Gross profit | $ | 53.9 | $ | 62.6 | ||||||||||
Money Order Revenue
Money order revenue decreased by $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to a decline in investment revenue as a result of lower prevailing interest rates driven by a reduction in the federal funds rate in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Official check revenue
Official check revenue decreased by $9.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to a decline in investment revenue as a result of lower prevailing interest rates driven by a reduction in the federal funds rate in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Investment Commissions Expense
Investment commissions expense is calculated as a percentage of our outstanding cash balances of official checks. See Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this report for further details. In periods of extremely low interest rates, it is possible for commissions to be at or close to zero, resulting in abnormally high gross margin.
Commissions expense decreased by $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, due to lower interest rates.
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EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Free Cash Flow and Constant Currency (Non-GAAP Measures)
The following table is a reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the related U.S. GAAP financial measures for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions, except percentages) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| (Loss) income before income taxes | $ | (43.6) | $ | 6.1 | ||||||||||
| Interest expense | 69.5 | 92.4 | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 57.0 | 64.4 | ||||||||||||
| Signing bonus amortization | 56.4 | 54.5 | ||||||||||||
| EBITDA | 139.3 | 217.4 | ||||||||||||
| Significant items impacting EBITDA: | ||||||||||||||
| Legal and contingent matters | 14.1 | 0.6 | ||||||||||||
| Stock-based, contingent and incentive compensation | 7.3 | 6.6 | ||||||||||||
| Restructuring and reorganization costs | 9.4 | 1.0 | ||||||||||||
| Compliance enhancement program | 2.9 | 4.4 | ||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 44.1 | — | ||||||||||||
| Severance and related costs | 0.2 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||
| Direct monitor costs | 4.9 | 11.0 | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 222.2 | $ | 241.3 | ||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA change, as reported | (8) | % | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA change, constant currency adjusted | (12) | % | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 222.2 | $ | 241.3 | ||||||||||
| Cash payments for interest | (51.8) | (77.5) | ||||||||||||
| Cash (payments) refunds for taxes, net | (5.7) | 1.8 | ||||||||||||
| Cash payments for capital expenditures | (41.4) | (40.8) | ||||||||||||
| Cash payments for agent signing bonuses | (36.0) | (58.7) | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted Free Cash Flow | $ | 87.3 | $ | 66.1 | ||||||||||
See "Results of Operations" and "Analysis of Cash Flows" sections for additional information regarding these changes.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We have various resources available for purposes of managing liquidity and capital needs, including our investment portfolio, credit facilities and letters of credit. We refer to our cash and cash equivalents, settlement cash and cash equivalents, interest-bearing investments and available-for-sale investments collectively as our "investment portfolio." The Company utilizes cash and cash equivalents in various liquidity and capital assessments.
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Cash and Cash Equivalents, Settlement Assets and Payment Service Obligations
The following table shows the components of the Company's cash and cash equivalents and settlement assets as of December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 155.2 | $ | 196.1 | ||||||||||
| Settlement assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Settlement cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,895.7 | $ | 1,883.2 | ||||||||||
| Receivables, net | 700.4 | 825.0 | ||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing investments | 992.3 | 991.2 | ||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale investments | 3.0 | 3.5 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 3,591.4 | $ | 3,702.9 | |||||||||||
| Payment service obligations | $ | (3,591.4) | $ | (3,702.9) | ||||||||||
Our primary sources of liquidity include cash flows generated by the sale of our payment instruments, our cash and cash equivalents and interest-bearing deposit balances and proceeds from our investment portfolio. Our primary operating liquidity needs are related to the settlement of payment service obligations to our agents and financial institution customers, general operating expenses and debt service.
To meet our payment service obligations at all times, we must have sufficient highly-liquid assets and be able to move funds globally on a timely basis. On average, we receive in and pay out a similar amount of funds on a daily basis to collect and settle the principal amount of our payment instruments sold and related fees and commissions with our end-consumers and agents. This pattern of cash flows allows us to settle our payment service obligations through existing cash balances and ongoing cash generation rather than liquidating investments or utilizing our Revolving Credit Facility. We have historically generated and expect to continue generating, sufficient cash flows from daily operations to fund ongoing operational needs.
We preposition cash in various countries and currencies to facilitate settlement of transactions. We also maintain funding capacity beyond our daily operating needs to provide a cushion through the normal fluctuations in our payment service obligations, as well as to provide working capital for the operational and growth requirements of our business. We believe we have sufficient liquid assets and funding capacity to operate and grow our business for the next 12 months. Should our liquidity needs exceed our operating cash flows, we believe that external financing sources, including availability under our Revolving Credit Facility, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated funding requirements.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Interest-bearing Investments
To ensure we maintain adequate liquidity to meet our payment service obligations at all times, we keep a significant portion of our investment portfolio in cash and cash equivalents and interest-bearing investments at financial institutions rated A- or better by two of the following three rating agencies: Moody's, S&P and Fitch; and in AAA rated U.S. government money market funds. If the rating agencies have split ratings, the Company uses the lower of the highest two out of three ratings across the agencies for disclosure purposes. If the institution has only two ratings, the Company uses the lower of the two ratings for disclosure purposes. As of December 31, 2021, cash and cash equivalents (including unrestricted and settlement cash and cash equivalents) and interest-bearing investments totaled $3.0 billion. Cash and cash equivalents consist of interest-bearing deposit accounts, non-interest-bearing transaction accounts and money market securities; interest-bearing investments consist of time deposits and certificates of deposit with maturities of up to 24 months.
Available-for-sale Investments
Our investment portfolio includes $3.0 million of available-for-sale investments as of December 31, 2021. U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities comprise $2.3 million of our available-for-sale investments, while asset-backed and other securities compose the remaining $0.7 million.
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Clearing and Cash Management Banks
We collect and disburse money through a network of clearing and cash management banks. The relationships with these banks are a critical component of our ability to maintain our global active funding requirements on a timely basis. In the U.S., we have agreements with four active clearing banks that provide clearing and processing functions for official checks, money orders and other draft instruments. We believe that this network of banks provides sufficient capacity to handle the current and projected volumes of items for these services. We also maintain relationships with a variety of domestic and international cash management banks for electronic funds transfer and wire transfer services used in the movement of consumer funds and agent settlements.
Credit Facilities and Notes
The following is a summary of the Company's outstanding debt as of December 31:
| (Amounts in millions, except percentages) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
5.00% Term Loan due 2026 | $ | 384.0 | $ | — | ||||||||||
5.38% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 | 415.0 | — | ||||||||||||
7.00% First Lien Credit Facility due 2023 | — | 635.3 | ||||||||||||
13.00% Second Lien Credit Facility due 2024 | — | 254.6 | ||||||||||||
| Total debt at face value | 799.0 | 889.9 | ||||||||||||
| Unamortized debt issuance costs and debt discounts | (12.3) | (32.1) | ||||||||||||
| Total debt, net | $ | 786.7 | $ | 857.8 | ||||||||||
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no borrowings and no outstanding letters of credit under its Revolving Credit Facility and had $40.0 million of availability. See Note 10 — Debt of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this report for additional disclosure related to the credit facilities.
During the first half of 2021, the First Lien Credit Agreement and Second Lien Credit Agreement were in effect. The First Lien Credit Agreement provided for (a) a senior secured three-year revolving credit facility available for revolving credit loans, swingline loans and letters of credit up to an aggregate principal amount of $35.0 million, and was scheduled to mature on September 30, 2022, (the "First Lien Revolving Credit Facility") and (b) a senior secured four-year term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $645.0 million (the "First Lien Term Credit Facility" and together with the First Lien Revolving Credit Facility, the "First Lien Credit Facility"). The Second Lien Credit Agreement provided for a second lien secured five-year term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $245.0 million (the "Second Lien Term Credit Facility" and together with the First Lien Credit Facility, the "Prior Credit Facilities").
On June 28, 2021, the Company prepaid $100.0 million of principal balance under its Second Lien Credit Agreement utilizing the proceeds under the ATM Program plus cash on hand as defined and further discussed in Note 12 — Stockholders' Deficit of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this report.
On July 21, 2021, we (i) completed the notes offering of $415.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.375% senior secured notes due 2026 and related guarantees and (ii) entered into a New Credit Agreement with the lenders from time to time party thereto and Bank of America, N.A. as administrative agent. The New Credit Agreement provides for (i) a senior secured five-year Term Loan in an aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million and (ii) a senior secured four-year Revolving Credit Facility that may be used for revolving credit loans, swingline loans and letters of credit up to an initial aggregate principal amount of $32.5 million. In December 2021, we added additional $7.5 million capacity to our Revolving Credit Facility bringing the total Revolving Credit Facility to $40.0 million.
On July 21, 2021, the proceeds from the notes offering, together with borrowings under the Term Loan, were used to prepay the full amount of outstanding indebtedness under the Prior Credit Facilities and to pay related accrued interest, fees and expenses. Simultaneous with the prepayment, the Prior Credit Facilities were terminated. In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company prepaid $16.0 million of principal balance under its New Credit Agreement to deleverage its balance sheet.
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As a result of the implementation of this new long-term financing, we expect our interest expense to decline by approximately $47.0 million on an annualized basis and cash payments for interest to decline by approximately $36.0 million on an annualized basis.
The Indenture governing the terms of the notes contains covenants limiting our ability to, among other things, incur or guarantee additional debt or issue disqualified stock or certain preferred stock; create or incur liens; pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions; make certain investments; create restrictions on the ability to pay dividends or make certain other intercompany transfers; transfer or sell assets; merge or consolidate, and; enter into certain transactions with affiliates. These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications as set forth in the Indenture. Most of these covenants will be suspended in the event and for as long as the notes have investment grade ratings.
The New Credit Agreement also contains certain representations and warranties, certain financial covenants and events of default and certain negative covenants, including without limitation, limitations on liens, asset sales, consolidations and mergers, acquisitions, investments, indebtedness, transactions with affiliates and payment of dividends. The New Credit Agreement, requires the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries to, (i) solely with respect to the Revolving Credit Facility, (A) maintain a minimum interest coverage ratio of not less than 2.150 to 1.000, (B) not permit their settlement assets to be less than their payment service obligations at any time and (C) maintain a total net leverage ratio that does not exceed 4.750 to 1.000, and (ii) solely with respect to the Term Loan, maintain a total net leverage ratio that does not exceed 5.000 to 1.000.
The Company recorded a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $44.1 million which included $16.5 million of prepayment call premium and $27.6 million associated with the write-off of debt issuance costs and debt discounts. The Company also paid accrued interest of $7.0 million.
Credit Ratings
As of December 31, 2021, our credit ratings from Moody's and S&P were B2 with a stable outlook and B with a stable outlook, respectively. The Company does not have rating triggers associated with its credit agreements or its regulatory capital requirements.
Regulatory Capital Requirements
We have capital requirements relating to government regulations in the U.S. and other countries where we operate. Such regulations typically require us to maintain certain assets in a defined ratio to our payment service obligations. Through our wholly-owned subsidiary and licensed entity, MPSI, we are regulated in the U.S. by various state agencies that generally require us to maintain a pool of liquid assets and investments in an amount generally equal to the regulatory payment service obligation measure, as defined by each state, for our regulated payment instruments, namely teller checks, agent checks, money orders and money transfers. The regulatory requirements do not require us to specify individual assets held to meet our payment service obligations, nor are we required to deposit specific assets into a trust, escrow or other special account. Rather, we must maintain a pool of liquid assets. Provided we maintain a total pool of liquid assets sufficient to meet the regulatory and contractual requirements, we are able to withdraw, deposit or sell our individual liquid assets at will, without prior notice, penalty or limitations. We were in compliance with all state and regulatory capital requirements as of December 31, 2021. We believe that our liquidity and capital resources will remain sufficient to ensure ongoing compliance with all regulatory capital requirements.
Material Cash Requirements from Contractual Obligations
The following table includes aggregated information about the Company's contractual obligations that impact our liquidity and capital needs. The table includes information about payments due under specified contractual obligations, aggregated by type of contractual obligation as of December 31, 2021:
| Payments due by period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in millions) | Total | Less than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | More than 5 years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt, including interest payments (1) | $ | 988.7 | $ | 46.0 | $ | 91.5 | $ | 851.2 | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-cancellable leases (2) | 68.7 | 11.2 | 19.4 | 16.9 | 21.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Signing bonuses (3) | 63.5 | 40.9 | 18.7 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marketing (4) | 17.8 | 13.9 | 3.9 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrecognized tax benefits (5) | 14.7 | 3.0 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total contractual cash obligations | $ | 1,153.4 | $ | 115.0 | $ | 133.5 | $ | 868.1 | $ | 21.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2021 includes $786.7 million of debt, netted with unamortized debt issuance costs and debt discount of $12.3 million. The above table reflects the principal and interest that will be paid through the maturity of the debt using the rates in effect on December 31, 2021 and assuming no prepayments of principal.
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(2) Noncancellable leases include operating leases for buildings, vehicles and equipment and other leases. For more detail see Note 19 — Leases of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this report.
(3) Signing bonuses are payments to certain agents and financial institution customers as an incentive to enter into long-term contracts. Signing bonuses include $3.9 million of transaction volume-related obligations for which it is not possible to reasonably estimate the timing of payments.
(4) Marketing represents contractual marketing obligations with certain agents, billers and corporate sponsorships.
(5) Unrecognized tax benefits include $11.7 million for which timing of conclusion cannot be determined with certainty.
We have other commitments as described further below that are not included in this table as the timing and/or amount of payments are difficult to estimate.
We have a Pension Plan that is frozen to both future benefit accruals and new participants. It is our policy to fund at least the minimum required contribution each year plus additional discretionary amounts as available and necessary to minimize expenses of the plan. We made contributions of $1.0 million to the Pension Plan during 2021. Although, the Company has no minimum contribution requirement for the Pension Plan in 2022, we expect to contribute at least $1.0 million to the Pension Plan in 2022.
The Company has certain unfunded defined benefit plans: supplemental executive retirement plans ("SERPs"), which are unfunded non-qualified defined benefit pension plans providing postretirement income to their participants and a postretirement plan ("Postretirement Benefits") that provides medical and life insurance for its participants. These plans require payments over extended periods of time. The Company will continue to make contributions to the SERPs and the Postretirement Benefits to the extent benefits are paid. Aggregate benefits paid for the unfunded plans are expected to be $5.5 million in 2022.
As discussed in Note 15 — Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this report, the IRS completed its examination of the Company's consolidated income tax returns through 2013 and issued Notices of Deficiency for 2005-2007 and 2009 and an Examination Report for 2008. The Notices of Deficiency and Examination Report disallow, among other items, approximately $900.0 million of ordinary deductions on securities losses in the 2007, 2008 and 2009 tax returns. In May 2012 and December 2012, the Company filed petitions in the U.S. Tax Court challenging the 2005-2007 and 2009 Notices of Deficiency, respectively. In 2013, the Company reached a partial settlement with the IRS allowing ordinary loss treatment on $186.9 million of deductions in dispute. In January 2015, the U.S. Tax Court granted the IRS's motion for summary judgment upholding the remaining adjustments in the Notices of Deficiency. During 2015, the Company made payments to the IRS of $61.0 million for federal tax payments and associated interest related to the matter. The Company believes that it has substantive tax law arguments in favor of its position. The Company filed a notice of appeal with the U.S. Tax Court on July 27, 2015 for an appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. Oral arguments were held before the Fifth Circuit on June 7, 2016, and on November 15, 2016, the Fifth Circuit vacated the Tax Court's decision and remanded the case to the Tax Court for further proceedings. The Company filed a motion for summary judgment in the Tax Court on May 31, 2017. On August 23, 2017, the IRS filed a motion for summary judgment and its response to the Company's motions for summary judgment. The Tax Court directed the parties to agree to a joint stipulation of facts, which the parties have filed with the court. Each party has filed a revised memorandum in support of its motion for summary judgment in the Tax Court. The Tax Court held oral arguments on this matter on September 9, 2019 and the Tax Court issued an opinion on December 3, 2019 denying the Company's motion for summary judgment and granting summary judgment to the IRS. MoneyGram then filed a Notice of Appeal to the Fifth Circuit on February 21, 2020. Oral arguments were held before a Fifth Circuit panel of judges on March 1, 2021, and the panel affirmed the Tax Court findings on June 1, 2021. As a result of the Fifth Circuit decision, the Company has decided to no longer pursue a remedy for the tax litigation and has determined that it is appropriate to file amended state returns. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has timely reported the adjustments to over half of the states and paid out $4.2 million in tax and interest. The remaining balance to be settled with the state tax authorities is $13.5 million, inclusive of interest, of which $6.8 million is expected to be paid in 2022. The timing of settlement on the remaining balance of $6.7 million cannot be determined with certainty.
Merger Agreement
Until the Merger closes, or the Merger Agreement is terminated, our liquidity requirements will primarily be funded by our cash flow from operations, borrowings under our existing credit facility and certain other capital activities allowed under the Merger Agreement. In particular, we are subject to various restrictions under the Merger Agreement on assuming additional debt, issuing additional equity or debt, repurchasing equity, making certain capital expenditures, and entering into certain acquisition, disposition and leasing transactions, among other restrictions, subject to the restrictions under the Merger Agreement.
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Analysis of Cash Flows
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 (1) | ||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 37.1 | $ | 96.8 | ||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (44.5) | (44.6) | ||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (21.0) | 349.2 | ||||||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents and settlement cash and cash equivalents | $ | (28.4) | $ | 401.4 | ||||||||||
(1) The Company revised its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows presentation to include settlement cash and cash equivalents as a component of total cash and cash equivalents and such amounts have been restated for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
In 2021, cash provided by operating activities decreased by $59.7 million primarily due to the $55.0 million payment to the Government pursuant to the DPA.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Cash flows from available-for-sale investments and interest-bearing investments are included within investing activities following the restatement of our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the prior years. In 2021, cash used in investing activities remained flat.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Changes in receivables, net and in payment service obligations are included within financing activities following the restatement of our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the prior years. In 2021, cash used in financing activities increased by $370.2 million, which was primarily attributable to a decrease in payment service obligations of $111.5 million compared to an increase of $465.9 million in the prior year, the prepayment of $16.0 million on our Term Loan and a decrease in receivables included in settlement assets of $124.6 million compared to an increase of $109.5 million in the prior year. Also, the net impact of the ATM Program and transactions related to the recent refinancing of our Prior Credit Facilities contributed to the increase. The changes in receivables, net and payment service obligations are due to the timing of the remittance of funds by our agents and financial institution customers.
Stockholders' Deficit
Stockholders' Deficit — Under the terms of our outstanding New Credit Facilities, we are restricted in our ability to pay dividends on and repurchase shares of, our common stock. No dividends were paid on our common stock in 2021 and we do not anticipate declaring any dividends on our common stock. Further, we are also restricted in our ability to pay dividends under the Merger Agreement.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and related disclosures in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. On a regular basis, management reviews its accounting policies, assumptions and estimates to ensure that our financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this report.
Critical accounting policies are those policies that management believes are very important to the portrayal of our financial position and results of operations and that require management to make estimates that are difficult, subjective or complex. Based on these criteria, management has identified and discussed with the Audit Committee the following critical accounting policies and estimates, including the methodology and disclosures related to those estimates.
Goodwill — We have two reporting units: GFT and FPP. Our GFT reporting unit is the only reporting unit that carries goodwill. We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually as of October 1, or more frequently upon occurrence of certain events. When testing goodwill for impairment, we may elect to perform either a qualitative test or a quantitative test to determine if it is more likely than not that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. During a qualitative analysis, we consider the impact of any changes to the following factors: macroeconomic, industry and market factors, cost factors and changes in overall financial performance, as well as any other relevant events and uncertainties impacting a reporting unit. If our qualitative assessment does not conclude that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is greater than the carrying value, we perform a quantitative analysis. In a quantitative test, the fair value of a reporting unit is determined based on a discounted cash flow analysis and further analyzed using other methods of valuation. A discounted cash flow analysis requires us to make various assumptions, including assumptions about future cash flows, growth rates and discount rates. The assumptions about future cash flows and growth rates are based on our long-term projections by reporting
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unit. In addition, an assumed terminal value is used to project future cash flows beyond base years. Assumptions used in our impairment testing are consistent with our internal forecasts and operating plans. Our discount rate is based on our debt and equity balances, adjusted for current market conditions and investor expectations of return on our equity. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, there is no impairment. If not, we compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. To the extent the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, a write-down of the reporting unit's goodwill would be necessary.
We did not recognize a goodwill impairment loss for 2021, 2020 or 2019. The carrying value of goodwill assigned to the GFT reporting unit at December 31, 2021 was $442.2 million.
Pension — Through the Company's Pension, we provide defined benefit Pension plan coverage to certain of our employees and certain employees of Viad Corporation, our former parent. Our Pension obligations under these plans are measured as of December 31, the measurement date. Pension benefit obligations and the related expense are based upon actuarial projections using assumptions regarding mortality, discount rates, expected long-term return on assets and other factors.
Our assumptions reflect our historical experience and management's best judgment regarding future expectations. Certain of the assumptions, particularly the discount rate and expected return on plan assets, require significant judgment and could have a material impact on the measurement of our Pension obligation.
In order to estimate the interest cost components of net periodic benefit expense for its Pension and Postretirement Benefits, the Company utilizes a full yield curve approach by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve used in the determination of the benefit obligation to their underlying projected cash flows.
At each measurement date, the discount rate used to measure total benefit obligation for the Pension and Postretirement Benefits is based on the then current interest rate yield curves for long-term corporate debt securities with maturities rated AA comparable to our obligations.
Our Pension Plan assets are primarily invested in commingled trust funds. Our investments are periodically realigned in accordance with the investment guidelines. The expected return on Pension Plan assets is based on our historical market experience, asset allocations and expectations for long-term rates of return. We also consider peer data and historical returns to assess the reasonableness and appropriateness of our assumption. Our Pension Plan asset allocations are reviewed periodically and are based upon plan funded ratio, an evaluation of market conditions, tolerance for risk and cash requirements for benefit payments.
Lower discount rates increase the Pension and Postretirement Benefits obligation and subsequent year Pension expense, while higher discount rates decrease the Pension and Postretirement Benefits obligation and subsequent year Pension expense. Decreasing or increasing the discount rate by 50 basis points would have had an immaterial impact on the 2021 Pension and Postretirement Benefits net periodic benefit expense. Decreasing the expected rate of return by 50 basis points would have increased the 2021 Pension Plan net periodic benefit expense by $0.2 million and increasing the expected rate of return by 50 basis points would have decreased the 2021 Pension Plan net periodic benefit expense by $0.2 million.
Income Taxes, Tax Contingencies — We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and various foreign jurisdictions. In determining taxable income, income or loss before income taxes is adjusted for differences between local tax laws and U.S. GAAP.
We file tax returns in all U.S. states and various countries. Generally, our tax filings are subject to audit by tax authorities for three to five years following submission of a return. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to foreign or U.S. state and local income tax examinations for years prior to 2016. The U.S. federal income tax filings are subject to audit for fiscal years 2017 through 2020.
The benefits of tax positions are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations if we determine it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits of the position, that the tax position will be sustained upon examination, including any related appeals or litigation. The one exception to the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is the reliance on past administrative practices and precedents, where a taxing authority with full knowledge of all relevant facts will accept a position as filed. In these limited situations, the Company will recognize the associated tax benefit.
Changes in tax laws, regulations, agreements and treaties, non-U.S. dollar exchange restrictions or our level of operations or profitability in each taxing jurisdiction could have an impact on the amount of income taxes that we provide during any given year. The determination of taxable income in any jurisdiction requires the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and the use of estimates and assumptions regarding significant future events, such as the amount, timing and character of deductions and the sources and character of income and tax credits.
These assumptions and probabilities are periodically reviewed and revised based upon new information.
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Changes in our current estimates due to unanticipated events, or other factors, could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Actual tax amounts may be materially different from amounts accrued based upon the results of audits due to different interpretations by the tax authorities than those of the Company. While we believe that our reserves are adequate to cover reasonably expected tax risks, an unfavorable tax settlement generally requires the use of cash and an increase in the amount of income tax expense that we recognize. A favorable tax settlement generally requires a decrease in the amount of income taxes that we recognize.
Income Taxes, Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets — Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences that exist between the financial statement carrying value of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards on a taxing jurisdiction basis. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted statutory tax rates that will apply in the years in which we expect the temporary differences to be recovered or paid.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets must be reduced through valuation allowances if it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In the period in which a valuation allowance is recorded, we would record tax expense, whereas a tax benefit would be recorded in the period a valuation allowance is released.
In assessing the need for valuation allowances, we consider both positive and negative evidence related to the likelihood that the deferred tax assets will be realized. Our assessment of whether a valuation allowance is required or should be adjusted requires judgment and is completed on a taxing jurisdiction basis. We consider, among other matters: the nature, frequency and severity of any cumulative financial reporting losses; the ability to carry back losses to prior years; future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences; tax planning strategies and projections of future taxable income. We also consider our best estimate of the outcome of any on-going examinations based on the technical merits of the position, historical procedures and case law, among other items.
As of December 31, 2021, we have recorded valuation allowances of $82.0 million against deferred tax assets of $142.5 million. The valuation allowances primarily relate to basis differences in revalued investments, capital loss carryover, U.S. tax credit carryovers and certain state and foreign tax loss carryovers. While we believe that the basis for estimating our valuation allowances is appropriate, changes in our current estimates due to unanticipated events, or other factors, could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
See Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this report for information regarding recent accounting pronouncements.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Enterprise Risk Management
Risk is an inherent part of any business. Our most prominent risk exposures are credit, interest rate and non-U.S. dollar currency exchange. See Part 1, Item 1A Risk Factors of this 2021 Form 10-K for a description of the principal risks to our business. Appropriately managing risk is important to the success of our business and the extent to which we effectively manage each of the various types of risk is critical to our financial condition and profitability. Our risk management objective is to monitor and control risk exposures to produce steady earnings growth and long-term economic value.
Management implements policies approved by our Board of Directors that cover our investment, capital, credit and non-U.S. dollar practices and strategies. The Board of Directors receives periodic reports regarding each of these areas and approves significant changes to policy and strategy. The Asset/Liability Committee ("ALCO"), composed of senior management, routinely reviews investment and risk management strategies and results. The Credit Committee, composed of senior management, routinely reviews credit exposure to consumers and our agents.
The following is a discussion of the risks we deem most critical to our business and the strategies we use to manage and mitigate such risks. While containing forward-looking statements related to risks and uncertainties, this discussion and related analyses are not predictions of future events. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated due to various factors discussed under Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and under Risk Factors in Part 1, Item 1A of this 2021 Form 10-K.
Credit Risk
Credit risk, or the potential risk that we may not collect amounts owed to us, affects our business primarily through receivables, investments and derivative financial instruments. In addition, the concentration of our cash, cash equivalents and investments at large financial institutions exposes us to credit risk.
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Investment Portfolio — Credit risk from our investment portfolio relates to the risk that we may be unable to collect the interest or principal owed to us under the legal terms of the various securities. Our primary exposure to credit risk arises through the concentration of a large amount of our investment portfolio at a few large banks, also referred to as financial institution risk, as well as a concentration in securities issued by U.S. government agencies.
At December 31, 2021, the Company's investment portfolio of $3.0 billion was primarily composed of cash and cash equivalents, consisting of interest-bearing deposit accounts, non-interest-bearing transaction accounts and money market funds backed by U.S. government securities and interest-bearing investments consisting of time deposits and certificates of deposit. Based on investment policy restrictions, investments are limited to those rated A- or better by two of the following three rating agencies: Moody's, S&P and Fitch. If the rating agencies have split ratings, the Company uses the lower of the highest two out of three ratings across the agencies for disclosure purposes. If the institution has only two ratings, the Company uses the lower of the two ratings for disclosure purposes. No maturity of interest-bearing investments exceeds 24 months from the date of purchase.
The financial institutions holding significant portions of our investment portfolio may act as custodians for our asset accounts, serve as counterparties to our non-U.S. dollar transactions and conduct cash transfers on our behalf for the purpose of clearing our payment instruments and related agent receivables and agent payables. Through certain check clearing agreements and other contracts, we are required to utilize several of these financial institutions.
The concentration in U.S. government agencies includes agencies placed under conservatorship by the U.S. government in 2008 and extended unlimited lines of credit from the U.S. Treasury. The implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and its actions to date support our belief that the U.S. government will honor the obligations of its agencies if the agencies are unable to do so themselves.
The following table is a detailed summary of our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2021:
| (Amounts in millions, except percentages and financial institutions) | Number of Financial Institutions (1) | Amount | Percent of Investment Portfolio | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash held on-hand at owned retail locations | N/A | $ | — | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Cash equivalents collateralized by securities issued by U.S. government agencies | 1 | — | — | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale investments issued by U.S. government agencies | N/A | 2.3 | — | % | ||||||||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and interest-bearing investments at institutions rated AAA (2) | 1 | 69.3 | 2 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and interest-bearing investments at institutions rated AA | 5 | 207.9 | 7 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and interest-bearing investments at institutions rated A | 14 | 2,132.3 | 70 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and interest-bearing investments at institutions rated BBB | 2 | 46.2 | 2 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and interest-bearing investments at institutions rated below BBB | 3 | 35.1 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed and other securities | N/A | 0.7 | — | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Investment portfolio held within the U.S. | 26 | 2,493.8 | 82 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash held on-hand at owned retail locations | N/A | 39.4 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and interest-bearing investments held at institutions rated AA | 7 | 249.0 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and interest-bearing investments at institutions rated A | 14 | 128.9 | 4 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and interest-bearing investments at institutions rated below A | 50 | 135.1 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Investment portfolio held outside the U.S. | 71 | 552.4 | 18 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total investment portfolio | $ | 3,046.2 | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||
(1) Financial institutions, located both in the U.S. and outside of the U.S., are included in each of their respective total number of financial institutions.
(2) Inclusive of deposits with FDIC-insured institutions and where such deposits are fully insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
At December 31, 2021, all but $0.7 million of the investment portfolio is invested in cash, cash equivalents, interest-bearing investments and investments issued or collateralized by U.S. government agencies. Approximately 82% of our total investment portfolio is invested at financial institutions located within the U.S.
Receivables — We have credit exposure to receivables from our agents and partners through the money transfer, bill payment and money order settlement process. These receivables originate from independent agents and partners who collect funds from consumers who are transferring money or buying money orders and agents and partners who receive proceeds from us in anticipation of payment to the recipients of money transfers. Agents and partners typically have from one to three days to remit the funds, with longer remittance schedules granted to certain agents and partners on a limited basis. The Company has a credit risk management function that conducts the underwriting of credit on new agents and partners as well as conducting credit
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surveillance on all agents and partners to monitor their financial health and the history of settlement activity with us. The Company's credit risk management function also maintains daily contact with agents and partners and performs a collection function. For the year ended December 31, 2021, our annual credit losses from agents, as a percentage of total fee and other revenue, was less than 1%. As of December 31, 2021, we had credit exposure to our agents of $346.1 million in the aggregate spread across 6,048 agents, of which two owed us in excess of $15.0 million.
In addition, we are exposed to consumer credit risk directly from transactions through our digital solutions, where transactions are originated through means other than cash, and therefore are subject to credit card chargebacks, non-insufficient funds or other collection impediments, such as fraud. As the digital solutions become a greater proportion of our money transfer business, these losses may increase.
We also have credit exposure from our financial institution customers for business conducted by the FPP segment. Financial institutions collect proceeds for official checks and money orders and remit those proceeds to us. We actively monitor the credit risk associated with financial institutions such as banks and credit unions and have not incurred any losses associated with the failure or merger of any bank or non-bank financial institution customer. As of December 31, 2021, we had a credit exposure to our official check and money order financial institution customers of $357.1 million in the aggregate spread across 1,116 financial institutions, of which one owed us in excess of $15.0 million.
With respect to our credit union customers, our credit exposure is partially mitigated by National Credit Union Administration insurance and we have required certain credit union customers to provide us with larger balances on deposit and/or to issue cashier's checks only. While the value of these assets is not at risk in a disruption or collapse of a counterparty financial institution, the delay in accessing our assets could adversely affect our liquidity and potentially our earnings depending upon the severity of the delay and corrective actions we may need to take.
While the extent of credit risk may vary by product, the process for mitigating risk is similar. We assess the creditworthiness of each potential agent before accepting them into our distribution network. This underwriting process includes not only a determination of whether to accept a new agent, but also the remittance schedule and volume of transactions that the agent will be allowed to perform in a given timeframe. We actively monitor the credit risk of our existing agents by conducting periodic financial reviews and cash flow analyses of our agents that average high volumes of transactions and monitoring the timeliness of payments and remittance patterns versus reported sales on a daily basis.
The timely remittance of funds by our agents and financial institution customers is an important component of our liquidity. If the timing of the remittance of funds were to deteriorate, it would alter our pattern of cash flows and could require us to liquidate investments or utilize our Revolving Credit Facility to settle payment service obligations. To manage this risk, we closely monitor the remittance patterns of our agents and financial institution customers and act quickly if we detect deterioration or alteration in remittance timing or patterns. If deemed appropriate, we have the ability to immediately deactivate an agent's equipment at any time, thereby preventing the initiation or issuance of further money transfers and money orders.
Derivative Financial Instruments — Credit risk related to our derivative financial instruments relates to the risk that we are unable to collect amounts owed to us by the counterparties to our derivative agreements. Our derivative financial instruments are used to manage exposures to fluctuations in non-U.S. dollar exchange rates. If the counterparties to any of our derivative financial instruments were to default on payments, it could result in a delay or interruption of payments to our agents. We manage credit risk related to derivative financial instruments by entering into agreements with only major banks and regularly monitoring the credit ratings of these banks. See Note 7 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this report for additional disclosure.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk represents the risk that our operating results are negatively impacted, and our investment portfolio declines in value, due to changes in interest rates. Given the short maturity profile of the investment portfolio and the low level of interest rates, we believe there is an extremely low risk that the value of these securities would decline such that we would have a material adverse change in our operating results. As of December 31, 2021, the Company held $669.9 million, or 22%, of the investment portfolio in fixed rate investments, with a legal final maturity that is two years or less.
Our operating results are impacted by interest rate risk through our net investment margin, which is investment revenue less investment commissions expense. As the money transfer business is not materially affected by investment revenue and pays commissions that are not tied to an interest rate index, interest rate risk has the most impact on our money order and official check businesses. We are invested primarily in interest-bearing deposit accounts, non-interest-bearing transaction accounts, money market funds backed by U.S. government securities, time deposits and certificates of deposit. These types of investments have minimal risk of declines in fair value from changes in interest rates. Our commissions paid to financial institution customers are determined using a variable rate based primarily on the federal funds effective rate and are reset daily. Accordingly, both our investment revenue and our investment commissions expense will decrease when rates decline and increase when rates rise.
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Our results are impacted by interest rate risk through our interest expense for borrowings under the New Credit Agreement. The New Credit Facilities permit base rate borrowings and LIBOR borrowings plus a spread above the base rate or LIBOR, as applicable. With respect to the Revolving Credit Facility, the spread for base rate borrowings will be either 3.25% per annum or 3.00% per annum depending upon the Company's total net leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement), and the spread for LIBOR borrowings will be either 4.25% or 4.00% per annum depending on the Company's total net leverage ratio. The interest rate spread applicable to loans under the Term Loan is 3.25% per annum for base rate loans and 4.50% per annum for LIBOR loans subject to a LIBOR floor of 0.50%. Accordingly, any increases in interest rates will adversely affect interest expense and declines in LIBOR may not result in lower interest expense. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility.
The tables below incorporate substantially all of our interest rate sensitive assets and assumptions that reflect changes in all interest rates pertaining to the balance sheet. The "ramp" analysis assumes that interest rates change in even increments over the next 12 months. The "shock" analysis assumes interest rates change immediately and remain at the changed level for the next twelve months. Components of our pre-tax loss that are interest rate sensitive include "Investment revenue," "Investment commissions expense" and "Interest expense." Many of the Company's assets reset or can be repriced when interest rates change, generally in line with changes in the Company's floating rate liabilities. Therefore, our risk associated with interest rates is not material.
The following table summarizes the changes to affected components of the Consolidated Statements of Operations under various ramp scenarios for the year ended December 31, 2021:
| Basis Point Change in Interest Rates | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Down | Down | Down | Up | Up | Up | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in millions) | 200 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 100 | 200 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment revenue | $ | (0.9) | $ | (0.9) | $ | (0.8) | $ | 4.5 | $ | 8.6 | $ | 16.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment commissions expense | — | — | — | (3.2) | (6.4) | (12.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | — | — | — | — | (0.7) | (2.4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in pretax loss | $ | (0.9) | $ | (0.9) | $ | (0.8) | $ | 1.3 | $ | 1.5 | $ | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table summarizes the changes to affected components of the Consolidated Statements of Operations under various shock scenarios as of December 31, 2021:
| Basis Point Change in Interest Rates | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Down | Down | Down | Up | Up | Up | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in millions) | 200 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 100 | 200 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment revenue | $ | (0.9) | $ | (0.9) | $ | (0.9) | $ | 9.7 | $ | 19.0 | $ | 37.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment commissions expense | — | — | — | (5.9) | (12.0) | (23.6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | — | — | — | (0.7) | (2.5) | (6.2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in pretax loss | $ | (0.9) | $ | (0.9) | $ | (0.9) | $ | 3.1 | $ | 4.5 | $ | 7.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-U.S. Dollar Risk
We are exposed to non-U.S. dollar risk in the ordinary course of business as we offer our products and services through a network of agents and financial institutions with locations in more than 200 countries and territories. By policy, we do not speculate in non-U.S. dollars; all non-U.S. dollar trades relate to underlying transactional exposures.
Our primary source of non-U.S. dollar exchange risk is transactional risk. This risk is predominantly incurred in the money transfer business in which funds are frequently transferred cross-border and we settle with agents in multiple currencies. Although this risk is somewhat limited due to the fact that these transactions are short-term in nature, we currently manage some of this risk with forward contracts to protect against potential short-term market volatility. The primary currency pairs, based on volume, that are traded against the U.S. dollar in the spot and forward markets include the European euro, Mexican peso, British pound and Indian rupee. The tenor of forward contracts is typically fewer than 30 days.
Realized and unrealized gains or losses on transactional currency and any associated revaluation of balance sheet exposures are recorded within "Transaction and operations support" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fair market value of any open forward contracts at period end are recorded within "Other assets" or "Accounts payable and other liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The net effect of changes in non-U.S. dollar exchange rates and the related forward contracts for the year ended December 31, 2021 was a loss of $2.0 million.
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Additional non-U.S. dollar risk is generated from fluctuations in the U.S. dollar value of future non-U.S. dollar-denominated earnings. In 2021, fluctuations in the euro exchange rate (net of transactional hedging activities) resulted in a net increase to our operating income of $4.8 million.
In 2021, the euro was our second largest currency position in the world following the U.S. dollar. Had the euro appreciated or depreciated relative to the U.S. dollar by 20% from actual exchange rates for 2021, operating income would have increased or decreased approximately $18.7 million for the year, as applicable. There are inherent limitations in this sensitivity analysis, primarily due to the assumption that non-U.S. dollar exchange rate movements are linear and instantaneous, that the unhedged exposure is static and that we would not hedge any additional exposure. As a result, the analysis cannot reflect the potential effects of more complex market changes that could arise, which may positively or negatively affect income.
Translation risk is generated from the accounting translation of the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries (from their functional currency) into U.S. dollars for consolidation and does not have a significant impact on our results. These translation adjustments are recorded within "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The information called for by Item 8 is found in a separate section of this 2021 Form 10-K starting on page F-1. See the Index to Financial Statements on page F-1.
Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company's reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed, without limitation, to ensure that information required to be disclosed in company reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company's management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2021, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management's annual report on internal control over financial reporting is provided on page F-2 of this 2021 Form 10-K. The attestation report of the Company's independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, regarding the Company's internal control over financial reporting is provided on page F-3 of this 2021 Form 10-K.
Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
Item 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
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PART III.
Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Information on executive officers called for by this Item is contained in Part I, Item 1 of this 2021 Form 10-K under the caption Executive Officers of the Registrant. The remaining information required by this Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference from the sections "Proposal 1: Election of Directors-Director Nominees-Qualifications and Background," "Board Structure and Composition," “Board Committees — Audit Committee” “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports" (if any to disclose), “Director Nominee Criteria and Process,” and “Stockholder Proposals for the 2022 Annual Meeting” of the Company's definitive proxy statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "2022 Proxy Statement").
All of our employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and controller, or persons performing similar functions, also referred to as the Principal Officers, and our directors are subject to our Code of Conduct. Our Code of Conduct is posted on our website at ir.moneygram.com in the Corporate Governance section, and we will disclose any amendments to, or waivers of, our Code of Conduct for directors or Principal Officers on such website. The information on our website is not part of this 2021 Form 10-K.
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference from the sections "Proposal 1: Election of Directors — Director Compensation," "Executive Compensation," "Executive Compensation Tables," and "Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" of the 2022 Proxy Statement.
Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER. MATTERS
The information regarding beneficial ownership required by this Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference from the section captioned "Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock" of the 2022 Proxy Statement. The information with respect to securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans required by this Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference from the section captioned "Equity Compensation Plan Information” of the 2022 proxy statement.
Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference from the sections captioned "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions," “Director Independence” and “Board Committees” of the 2022 Proxy Statement.
Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference from the section captioned "Proposal 2: Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for 2022 — Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees" and "Proposal 2: Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for 2022 — Audit Committee Approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services" of the 2022 Proxy Statement.
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PART IV.
Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
| (a) (1) | The financial statements listed in the "Index to Financial Statements" are filed as part of this 2021 Form 10-K. | ||||
| (2) | All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto listed in the "Index to Financial Statements." | ||||
| (3) | Exhibits are filed with this 2021 Form 10-K or incorporated herein by reference as listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index. | ||||
| (b) (1) | The following exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference herein in response to Item 601 of Regulation S-K. The Company files Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 under Commission File No. 1-31950. | ||||
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Number | Description | |||||||
| 2.1 | ||||||||
| 3.1 | ||||||||
| 3.2 | ||||||||
| 3.3 | ||||||||
| 3.4 | ||||||||
| 3.5 | ||||||||
| 3.6 | ||||||||
| 3.7 | ||||||||
| 3.8 | ||||||||
| 3.9 | ||||||||
| 4.1 | ||||||||
| 4.2 | ||||||||
| 4.3 | ||||||||
| 4.4* | ||||||||
| 4.5 | ||||||||
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Exhibit Number | Description | |||||||
| 4.6 | ||||||||
| 4.7 | ||||||||
| 4.8 | ||||||||
| 10.1 | ||||||||
| 10.2 | ||||||||
| 10.3† | ||||||||
| 10.4† | ||||||||
10.5*† | ||||||||
| 10.6† | ||||||||
| 10.7† | ||||||||
| 10.8† | ||||||||
| 10.9† | ||||||||
| 10.10† | ||||||||
| 10.11† | ||||||||
| 10.12† | ||||||||
| 10.13† | ||||||||
| 10.14† | ||||||||
| 10.15† | ||||||||
| 10.16† | ||||||||
| 10.17† | ||||||||
| 10.18+ | ||||||||
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Exhibit Number | Description | |||||||
| 10.19+ | ||||||||
| 10.20+ | ||||||||
| 10.21 | ||||||||
| 10.22 | ||||||||
| 10.23 | ||||||||
| 10.24 | ||||||||
| 10.25 | ||||||||
| 10.26*** | ||||||||
| 10.27*** | ||||||||
| 10.28*† | ||||||||
| 10.29† | ||||||||
| 10.30† | ||||||||
| 10.31† | ||||||||
| 10.32† | ||||||||
| 10.33† | ||||||||
| 10.34† | ||||||||
| 10.35† | ||||||||
| 10.36† | ||||||||
| 10.37 | ||||||||
| 10.38 | ||||||||
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Exhibit Number | Description | |||||||
| 10.39 | ||||||||
| 10.40 | ||||||||
| 10.41 | ||||||||
| 10.42 | ||||||||
| 10.43 | ||||||||
| 10.44 | ||||||||
| 10.45 | ||||||||
| 10.46 | ||||||||
| 10.47 | ||||||||
| 10.48 | ||||||||
| 10.49 | ||||||||
| 10.50† | ||||||||
| 10.51† | ||||||||
| 10.52† | Form of Executive Officer Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the MoneyGram International, Inc. Amended and Restated 2005 Omnibus Incentive as of May 6, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on May 7, 2021). | |||||||
| 10.53*† | ||||||||
| 21* | ||||||||
| 23* | ||||||||
| 24* | ||||||||
| 31.1* | ||||||||
| 31.2* | ||||||||
| 32.1** | ||||||||
| 32.2** | ||||||||
49
Exhibit Number | Description | |||||||
| 101* | The following materials from MoneyGram's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. | |||||||
| 104* | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language) and contained in Exhibit 101). | |||||||
| * | Filed herewith. | |||||||
| ** | Furnished herewith. | |||||||
| *** | Portions of this exhibit have been omitted because they are both not material and would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed. | |||||||
| † | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. | |||||||
| + | Confidential information has been omitted from this Exhibit and has been filed separately with the SEC pursuant to a confidential treatment request under Rule 24b-2. | |||||||
Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
50
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| MoneyGram International, Inc. | |||||||||||||||||
| (Registrant) | |||||||||||||||||
| Date: | February 25, 2022 | By: | /S/ W. ALEXANDER HOLMES | ||||||||||||||
| W. Alexander Holmes | |||||||||||||||||
| Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||||||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| /s/ W. Alexander Holmes | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | February 25, 2022 | ||||||||||||
| W. Alexander Holmes | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Lawrence Angelilli | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | February 25, 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Lawrence Angelilli | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Christopher Russell | Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | February 25, 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Christopher Russell | ||||||||||||||
| Directors | ||||||||||||||
| Antonio O. Garza | Alka Gupta | |||||||||||||
| Francisco Lorca | Michael P. Rafferty | |||||||||||||
| Julie E. Silcock | W. Bruce Turner | |||||||||||||
| Peggy Vaughan | ||||||||||||||
| By: | /s/ Robert L. Villaseñor | February 25, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Robert L. Villaseñor | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Attorney-in-fact | ||||||||||||||||||||
51
MoneyGram International, Inc.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
Items 8 and 15 (a)
Index to Financial Statements
F-1
Management's Responsibility Statement and Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The management of MoneyGram International, Inc. is responsible for the integrity, objectivity and accuracy of the consolidated financial statements of the Company. The consolidated financial statements are prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America using, where appropriate, management's best estimates and judgments. The financial information presented throughout the Annual Report is consistent with that in the consolidated financial statements.
Management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining a system of internal controls and procedures over financial reporting designed to provide reasonable assurance that the books and records reflect the transactions of the Company and that assets are protected against loss from unauthorized use or disposition. Such a system is maintained through accounting policies and procedures administered by trained Company personnel and updated on a continuing basis to ensure their adequacy to meet the changing requirements of our business. The Company requires that all of its affairs, as reflected by the actions of its employees, be conducted according to the highest standards of personal and business conduct. This responsibility is reflected in our Code of Ethics.
To test compliance with the Company's system of internal controls and procedures over financial reporting, the Company carries out an extensive audit program. This program includes a review for compliance with written policies and procedures and a comprehensive review of the adequacy and effectiveness of the internal control system. Although control procedures are designed and tested, it must be recognized that there are limits inherent in all systems of internal control and, therefore, errors and irregularities may nevertheless occur. Also, estimates and judgments are required to assess and balance the relative cost and expected benefits of the controls. Projection of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, which is composed solely of outside independent directors, meets quarterly with management, internal audit and the independent registered public accounting firm to discuss internal accounting control, auditing and financial reporting matters, as well as to determine that the respective parties are properly discharging their responsibilities. Both our independent registered public accounting firm and internal auditors have had and continue to have unrestricted access to the Audit Committee without the presence of management.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our assessment and those criteria, management believes that the Company designed and maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021.
The Company's independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, has been engaged to audit our financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the effectiveness of the Company's system of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. Their attestation report regarding the Company's internal control over financial reporting is included on page F-3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
F-2
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
MoneyGram International, Inc.:
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited MoneyGram International, Inc. and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, cash flows, and stockholders’ deficit for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 25, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Responsibility Statement and Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Dallas, Texas
February 25, 2022
F-3
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
MoneyGram International, Inc.:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of MoneyGram International, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, cash flows, and stockholders’ deficit for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 25, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Money transfer and bill payment revenue
As discussed in Notes 2 and 18 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company derives approximately 94% of its revenue from providing money transfer and bill payment services. These services are provided through third-party agents, limited Company-operated retail locations, and digital solutions such as moneygram.com, mobile solutions, account deposit, and kiosk-based services.
We identified the evaluation of the sufficiency of audit evidence over money transfer and bill payment revenue obtained from the Company’s information technology (IT) systems to be a critical audit matter. The calculation and recording of money transfer and bill payment services is automated and relies on multiple internally developed tools and systems. Specifically, the highly automated nature of the money transfer and bill payment revenue process required extensive involvement of IT professionals to design and perform procedures related to the IT systems and evaluate the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained over money transfer and bill payment revenue.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We applied auditor judgment to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed. We evaluated the design and tested the operating
F-4
effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the money transfer and bill payment revenue process. We involved IT professionals with specialized skills and knowledge who assisted in:
•Identifying the relevant systems used to calculate and record money transfer and bill payment revenue transactions;
•Testing the general IT controls over certain systems, including testing of user access controls, change management controls, and IT operations controls; and
•Testing automated application controls including system interfaces and the calculation and recording of money transfer and bill payment revenue transactions to the Company’s general ledgers.
We tested a sample of money transfer and bill payment revenue transactions by comparing the amounts recognized to source documents and third-party bank statements. We evaluated the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained by assessing the results of procedures performed, including the appropriateness of the nature and extent of audit effort.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2016.
Dallas, Texas
February 25, 2022
F-5
MONEYGRAM INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| AS OF DECEMBER 31, | ||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in millions, except share data) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 155.2 | $ | 196.1 | ||||||||||
| Settlement assets | 3,591.4 | 3,702.9 | ||||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 133.9 | 148.1 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill | 442.2 | 442.2 | ||||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | 52.6 | 55.1 | ||||||||||||
| Other assets | 101.2 | 129.7 | ||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 4,476.5 | $ | 4,674.1 | ||||||||||
| LIABILITIES | ||||||||||||||
| Payment service obligations | $ | 3,591.4 | $ | 3,702.9 | ||||||||||
| Debt, net | 786.7 | 857.8 | ||||||||||||
| Pension and other postretirement benefits | 67.1 | 74.5 | ||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | 56.3 | 59.1 | ||||||||||||
| Accounts payable and other liabilities | 160.0 | 216.8 | ||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 4,661.5 | 4,911.1 | ||||||||||||
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 15) | ||||||||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT | ||||||||||||||
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 162,500,000 shares authorized, 92,305,011 and 72,530,770 shares issued, 90,725,982 and 72,517,539 shares outstanding at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively | 0.9 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 1,400.3 | 1,296.0 | ||||||||||||
| Retained loss | (1,513.4) | (1,475.3) | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (62.8) | (58.4) | ||||||||||||
Treasury stock: 1,579,029 and 13,231 shares at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively | (10.0) | — | ||||||||||||
| Total stockholders' deficit | (185.0) | (237.0) | ||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit | $ | 4,476.5 | $ | 4,674.1 | ||||||||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
F-6
MONEYGRAM INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in millions, except share data) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| REVENUE | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee and other revenue | $ | 1,275.8 | $ | 1,197.2 | $ | 1,230.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Investment revenue | 7.8 | 20.0 | 54.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 1,283.6 | 1,217.2 | 1,285.1 | |||||||||||||||||
| COST OF REVENUE | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commissions and other fee expense | 622.7 | 603.6 | 613.4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investment commissions expense | 0.9 | 3.6 | 23.3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Direct transaction expense | 60.5 | 45.8 | 25.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | 684.1 | 653.0 | 662.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| GROSS PROFIT | 599.5 | 564.2 | 622.9 | |||||||||||||||||
| OPERATING EXPENSES | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | 227.8 | 223.8 | 228.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Transaction and operations support (1) | 179.1 | 111.6 | 207.8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy, equipment and supplies | 61.9 | 61.4 | 60.9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 57.0 | 64.4 | 73.8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 525.8 | 461.2 | 570.9 | |||||||||||||||||
| OPERATING INCOME | 73.7 | 103.0 | 52.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 69.5 | 92.4 | 77.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 44.1 | — | 2.4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expense | 3.7 | 4.5 | 36.9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total other expenses | 117.3 | 96.9 | 116.3 | |||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) income before income taxes | (43.6) | 6.1 | (64.3) | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | (5.7) | 14.0 | (4.0) | |||||||||||||||||
| NET LOSS | $ | (37.9) | $ | (7.9) | $ | (60.3) | ||||||||||||||
| LOSS PER COMMON SHARE | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | (0.42) | $ | (0.10) | $ | (0.85) | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | (0.42) | $ | (0.10) | $ | (0.85) | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average outstanding common shares and equivalents used in computing loss per share | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 89.7 | 77.8 | 71.1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 89.7 | 77.8 | 71.1 | |||||||||||||||||
(1) 2020 and 2019 include $50.2 million and $11.3 million of related party market development fees, respectively. See Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further details.
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
F-7
MONEYGRAM INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
| FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| NET LOSS | $ | (37.9) | $ | (7.9) | $ | (60.3) | ||||||||||||||
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net change in unrealized holding gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities arising during the period net of tax (expense) benefits of $(0.1), $0.1 and $0.0 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively | 0.3 | (0.4) | (0.3) | |||||||||||||||||
Net change in pension liability due to amortization of prior service cost and net actuarial loss, net of tax benefit of $0.6, $0.5 and $0.7 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Pension settlement charge, net of tax benefit of $7.2 for the year ended December 31, 2019 | — | — | 24.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Valuation adjustment for pension and postretirement benefits, net of tax expense (benefit) of $0.4, $(1.0) and $(2.0) for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively | 1.4 | (3.4) | (6.6) | |||||||||||||||||
Unrealized non-U.S. dollar translation adjustments, net of tax (benefit) expense of $0.0, $0.2 and $(0.3) for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively | (8.0) | 7.2 | (0.2) | |||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive (loss) income | (4.4) | 5.1 | 19.1 | |||||||||||||||||
| COMPREHENSIVE LOSS | $ | (42.3) | $ | (2.8) | $ | (41.2) | ||||||||||||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
F-8
MONEYGRAM INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (37.9) | $ | (7.9) | $ | (60.3) | ||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 57.0 | 64.4 | 73.8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Signing bonus amortization | 56.4 | 54.5 | 46.4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in right-of-use assets | 12.6 | 9.9 | 15.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax expense (benefit) | (8.8) | 9.1 | (13.5) | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs | 7.5 | 11.7 | 7.3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 44.1 | — | 2.4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash compensation and pension expense | 11.1 | 11.1 | 44.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Signing bonus payments | (36.0) | (58.7) | (29.1) | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in other assets | (11.5) | (10.9) | (20.6) | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in lease liabilities | (13.7) | (15.3) | (15.8) | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in accounts payable and other liabilities | (43.9) | 29.3 | 8.3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other non-cash items, net | 0.2 | (0.4) | 4.4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 37.1 | 96.8 | 63.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments for capital expenditures | (41.4) | (40.8) | (54.5) | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from available-for-sale investments | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of interest-bearing investments | (768.0) | (541.6) | (662.1) | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from interest-bearing investments | 766.6 | 537.1 | 830.8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of equity investments | (5.0) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Sale of equity investments | 2.5 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (44.5) | (44.6) | 115.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction costs for issuance and amendment of debt | (6.6) | — | (24.3) | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of debt | 807.8 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Principal payments on debt | (905.9) | (6.5) | (31.6) | |||||||||||||||||
| Prepayment call premium | (16.5) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from revolving credit facility | — | 23.0 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Payments on revolving credit facility | — | (23.0) | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in receivables, net | 124.6 | (109.5) | 62.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in payment service obligations | (111.5) | 465.9 | (136.8) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net proceeds from stock issuance | 97.1 | — | 49.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock repurchases | (6.2) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Payments to tax authorities for stock-based compensation | (3.8) | (0.7) | (0.8) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (21.0) | 349.2 | (81.8) | |||||||||||||||||
| NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SETTLEMENT CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (28.4) | 401.4 | 96.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SETTLEMENT CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—Beginning of year | 2,079.3 | 1,677.9 | 1,581.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SETTLEMENT CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—End of year | $ | 2,050.9 | $ | 2,079.3 | $ | 1,677.9 | ||||||||||||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
F-9
Supplemental disclosures to the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are presented below:
| FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash payments for interest | $ | 51.8 | $ | 77.5 | $ | 63.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash payments for taxes, net of refunds | $ | 5.7 | $ | (1.8) | $ | 4.4 | ||||||||||||||
The following table provides a reconciliation of Cash and Cash Equivalents as reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows to the line items within the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 155.2 | $ | 196.1 | ||||||||||
| Settlement cash and cash equivalents | 1,895.7 | 1,883.2 | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and settlement cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,050.9 | $ | 2,079.3 | ||||||||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
F-10
MONEYGRAM INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
| (Amounts in millions) | Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Loss | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Treasury Stock | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 1, 2019 | $ | 183.9 | $ | 0.6 | $ | 1,046.8 | $ | (1,403.6) | $ | (67.5) | $ | (29.0) | $ | (268.8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | (60.3) | — | — | (60.3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation activity | — | — | 7.6 | (11.3) | — | 10.7 | 7.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2018-02 | — | — | — | 15.1 | (15.1) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net proceeds from issuing equity instruments | — | 0.1 | 49.4 | — | — | — | 49.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity instruments issued in connection with Second Lien Term Credit Facility | — | — | 13.1 | — | — | — | 13.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | 19.1 | — | 19.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2019 | 183.9 | 0.7 | 1,116.9 | (1,460.1) | (63.5) | (18.3) | (240.4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | (7.9) | — | — | (7.9) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation activity | — | — | 6.6 | (7.3) | — | 6.9 | 6.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock - series D conversion | (183.9) | — | 172.5 | — | — | 11.4 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | 5.1 | — | 5.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | — | 0.7 | 1,296.0 | (1,475.3) | (58.4) | — | (237.0) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | (37.9) | — | — | (37.9) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation activity | — | — | 7.3 | (0.2) | — | (3.8) | 3.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of Ripple Warrants | — | 0.1 | (0.1) | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ATM equity offering | — | 0.1 | 97.1 | — | — | — | 97.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock repurchases | — | — | — | — | — | (6.2) | (6.2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | (4.4) | — | (4.4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | $ | — | $ | 0.9 | $ | 1,400.3 | $ | (1,513.4) | $ | (62.8) | $ | (10.0) | $ | (185.0) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
F-11
MONEYGRAM INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 — Description of the Business and Basis of Presentation
References to "MoneyGram," the "Company," "we," "us" and "our" are to MoneyGram International, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Nature of Operations — MoneyGram offers products and services under its two reporting segments: GFT and FPP. The GFT segment provides global money transfer services and bill payment services to consumers through two primary distribution channels: retail and digital. Through our Retail Channel, we offer services through third-party agents, including retail chains, independent retailers, post offices and other financial institutions. Additionally, we have limited Company-operated retail locations. We offer services through MGO, digital partnerships, direct transfers to bank accounts, mobile wallets and card solutions, such as Visa Direct, as part of our Digital Channel. The FPP segment provides official check outsourcing services and money orders through financial institutions and agent locations.
Basis of Presentation — The accompanying consolidated financial statements of MoneyGram are prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). The Consolidated Balance Sheets are unclassified due to the timing uncertainty surrounding the payment of settlement obligations.
Prior Period Restatements — Certain prior period amounts on the consolidated statements of cash flows have been restated as discussed below.
We have restated our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows presentation to correctly include settlement cash and cash equivalents as a component of total cash and cash equivalents. As a result, cash flows from available-for-sale investments and interest-bearing investments are included within investing activities and changes in receivables, net and changes in payment service obligations are included within financing activities.
The Company assessed the materiality of this presentation on prior period consolidated financial statements in accordance with the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 99, “Materiality”, codified in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections. Based on this assessment, management concluded that the error correction is not material to any previously presented interim or annual financial statements. The correction had no impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations, or the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. Accordingly, the Company has revised the previously reported financial information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to correct the immaterial error for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
The following table presents selected line items from the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows after giving effect to the correction as discussed above:
F-12
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic On Our Financial Statements — The global spread of COVID-19 and the unprecedented impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is complex and ever-evolving. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic and recommended extensive containment and mitigation measures worldwide. The outbreak reached all regions in which we do business, and governmental authorities around the world implemented numerous measures attempting to contain and mitigate the effects of the virus, including travel bans and restrictions, border closings, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, shutdowns, limitations or closures of non-essential businesses, school closures and social distancing requirements. The global spread of COVID-19 and resulting government actions taken in response to the virus have caused and may continue to cause significant economic and business disruption, volatility, financial uncertainty and a continued significant global economic downturn. This has had and may continue to have, a negative impact on our workforce, agents, customers, financial markets, consumer spending and credit markets. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience adverse impacts to our business as a result of an economic recession or depression. Therefore, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the future impact at this time.
There were no other material impacts to our Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, based on the Company's assessment of its estimates. As additional information becomes available to us, our future assessment of these estimates, including our expectations at the time regarding the duration, scope and severity of the pandemic, as well as other factors, could materially and adversely impact our Consolidated Financial Statements in future reporting.
F-13
Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience, future expectations, impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors and assumptions the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates and assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis and are revised when necessary. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period of change. Actual amounts may differ from these estimates.
Principles of Consolidation — The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of MoneyGram International, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Intercompany profits, transactions and account balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Presentation — In 2021, the Company changed its presentation to disclose "Gross profit" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The presentation of gross profit is intended to supplement investors with an understanding of our operating performance. Gross profit is calculated as total revenue less commissions and direct transaction expenses. These expenses were previously included within "Operating expenses" and are now presented within "Cost of revenue" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The change in presentation was applied retrospectively to all years presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and it had no effect on Operating income, Net loss or Loss per share. The Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss, Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are not affected by this change in presentation.
The Company participates in various trust arrangements (special purpose entities or "SPEs") related to official check processing agreements with financial institutions and structured investments within the investment portfolio. As the Company is the primary beneficiary and bears the primary burden of any losses, the SPEs are consolidated in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The assets and obligations of the SPEs are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in a manner consistent with the assets and obligations of the Company. As of December 31, 2021 the Company had no SPEs and only one remaining SPE as of December 31, 2020.
Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Cash and cash equivalents — The Company defines cash and cash equivalents and settlement cash and cash equivalents as cash on hand and all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less at the purchase date.
Settlement assets and payment service obligations — The Company records payment service obligations relating to amounts payable under money transfers, money orders and consumer payment service arrangements. These obligations are recognized by the Company at the time the underlying transaction occurs. The Company records corresponding settlement assets, which represent funds received or to be received for unsettled money transfers, money orders and consumer payments. Settlement assets consist of settlement cash and cash equivalents, receivables and investments. Payment service obligations primarily consist of outstanding payment instruments; amounts owed to financial institutions for funds paid to the Company to cover clearings of official check payment instruments, remittances and clearing adjustments; amounts owed to agents for funds paid to consumers on behalf of the Company; commissions owed to financial institution customers and agents for instruments sold; amounts owed to investment brokers for purchased securities and unclaimed instruments owed to various states.
Receivables, net (included in settlement assets) — The Company has receivables due from financial institutions and agents for payment instruments sold and amounts advanced by the Company to certain agents for operational and local regulatory purposes. These receivables are outstanding from the day of the sale of the payment instrument until the financial institution or agent remits the funds to the Company. The Company provides an allowance for the portion of the receivable estimated to become uncollectible based on its history of collection experience, known collection issues, such as agent suspensions and bankruptcies, consumer credit card chargebacks and insufficient funds and other matters the Company identifies in its routine collection monitoring. Receivables are generally considered past due one day after the contractual remittance schedule, which is typically one day to three days after the sale of the underlying payment instrument. Receivables are generally written off against the allowance one year after becoming past due.
The following summary details the activity within the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | 9.5 | $ | 4.6 | $ | 7.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Provision | 11.1 | 14.3 | 6.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Write-offs, net of recoveries | (13.9) | (9.4) | (9.2) | |||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | 6.7 | $ | 9.5 | $ | 4.6 | ||||||||||||||
F-14
Investments (included in settlement assets) — The Company classifies securities as available-for-sale. The Company has no securities classified as trading or held-to-maturity. Time deposits and certificates of deposits with original maturities of up to 24 months are classified as interest-bearing investments and recorded at amortized cost. Securities held for indefinite periods of time, including any securities that may be sold to assist in the clearing of payment service obligations or in the management of the investment portfolio, are classified as available-for-sale securities. These securities are recorded at fair value, with the net after-tax unrealized gain or loss recorded within "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" in the stockholders' deficit section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Realized gains and losses and other-than-temporary impairments are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations under "Total other expenses."
Interest income on residential mortgage-backed securities for which risk of credit loss is deemed remote is recorded utilizing the level yield method. Changes in estimated cash flows, both positive and negative, are accounted for with retrospective changes to the carrying value of investments in order to maintain a level yield over the life of the investment. Interest income on residential mortgage-backed securities for which risk of credit loss is not deemed remote is recorded under the prospective method as adjustments of yield. Additionally, the Company applies the cost recovery method of accounting for interest to some of the investments within the available-for-sale portfolio as it believes it is probable that it will not recover all, or substantially all, of its principal investment and interest for its asset-backed and other securities given the sustained deterioration in the investment and securities market, the collapse of many asset-backed securities and the low levels to which the securities have been written down.
The Company evaluates all residential mortgage-backed and other asset-backed investments for impairment based on management's evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in fair value on an individual security basis. When an adverse change in expected cash flows occurs, and if the fair value of a security is less than its carrying value, the investment is written down to fair value through a permanent reduction to its amortized cost in the period the impairment occurs. Securities gains and losses are recognized upon the sale, call or maturity of securities using the specific identification method to determine the cost basis of securities sold.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments — Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, settlement cash and cash equivalents, investments, derivatives, payment service obligations and debt. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, settlement cash and cash equivalents, interest-bearing investments and payment service obligations approximate fair value. The carrying value of debt is stated at amortized cost; however, for disclosure purposes the fair value is estimated. See Note 5 — Fair Value Measurement for information regarding the principles and processes used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments.
Derivative Financial Instruments — The Company recognizes derivative financial instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value is recognized through "Transaction and operations support" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period of change. See Note 7 — Derivative Financial Instruments for additional disclosure.
Property and Equipment — Property and equipment includes computer hardware, computer software, signage, equipment at agent locations, office furniture and equipment and leasehold improvements and is stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Property and equipment is depreciated and amortized using a straight-line method over the useful life or term of the lease or license. The cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization of assets sold or disposed of are removed from the financial statements, with the resulting gain or loss, if any, recognized within "Occupancy, equipment and supplies" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 8 — Property and Equipment for additional disclosure.
The following table summarizes the estimated useful lives by major asset category:
| Type of Asset | Useful Life | |||||||
| Computer hardware | 3 years | |||||||
| Computer software | 5 - 7 years | |||||||
| Signage | 3 years | |||||||
| Equipment at agent locations | 3 - 7 years | |||||||
| Office furniture and equipment | 7 years | |||||||
| Leasehold improvements | 10 years | |||||||
Tenant allowances for leasehold improvements are capitalized as leasehold improvements upon completion of the improvement and amortized over the shorter of the remaining term of the lease or 10 years. Computer software includes acquired and internally developed software.
F-15
Property and equipment are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable by comparing the carrying value of the assets to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the asset. If an impairment is determined to exist for property and equipment, the carrying value of the asset is reduced to the estimated fair value.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets — Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations and is assigned to the reporting unit in which the acquired business will operate. Intangible assets are recorded at their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. In the year following the period in which identified intangible assets become fully amortized, the fully amortized balances are removed from the gross asset and accumulated amortization amounts. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized. Intangible assets that are not amortized are evaluated for impairment on a quarterly basis. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had no indefinite-lived intangible assets. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable by comparing the carrying value of the assets to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the asset. If an impairment is determined to exist for intangible assets, the carrying value of the asset is reduced to the estimated fair value.
Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized using a straight-line method over their respective useful lives as follows:
| Type of Intangible Asset | Useful Life | |||||||
| Contractual and customer relationships | 3 - 15 years | |||||||
| Non-compete agreements | 3 - 5 years | |||||||
| Developed technology | 5 - 7 years | |||||||
Goodwill is not amortized but is instead subject to impairment testing. The Company evaluates its goodwill for impairment annually as of October 1 of each year or more frequently if impairment indicators arise in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. When testing goodwill for impairment, the Company may elect to perform either a qualitative test or a quantitative test to determine if it is more likely than not that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. During a qualitative analysis, the Company considers the impact of any changes to the following factors: macroeconomic, industry and market factors, cost factors and changes in overall financial performance, as well as any other relevant events and uncertainties impacting a reporting unit. If the qualitative assessment does not conclude that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is greater than the carrying value, the Company performs a quantitative analysis. In a quantitative test, the carrying value of the reporting unit is compared to its estimated fair value. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, there is no impairment. If not, to the extent the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge of the reporting unit's goodwill would be recognized; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.
Payments on Long-Term Contracts — The Company makes payments to certain agents and financial institution customers as an incentive to enter into long-term contracts. The payments, or signing bonuses, are generally required to be refunded pro rata in the event of nonperformance under, or cancellation of, the contract by the customer. Signing bonuses are viewed as prepaid commissions expense and are, therefore, capitalized and amortized over the life of the related contract. Amortization of signing bonuses on long-term contracts is recorded within "Fee and other commissions expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The carrying values of the signing bonuses are reviewed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
Income Taxes — The provision for income taxes is computed based on the pre-tax loss or income included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences that exist between the financial statement carrying value of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards on a taxing jurisdiction basis. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted statutory tax rates that will apply in the years in which the Company expects the temporary differences to be recovered or paid. The Company's ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carry-back or carry-forward periods provided for in the tax law. The Company establishes valuation allowances for its deferred tax assets based on a more-likely-than-not threshold. To the extent management believes that recovery is not likely, a valuation allowance is established in the period in which the determination is made.
The liability for unrecognized tax benefits is recorded as a non-cash item within "Accounts payable and other liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company records interest and penalties for unrecognized tax benefits within "Income tax (benefit) expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 14— Income Taxes for additional disclosure.
Treasury Stock — Repurchased common stock is stated at cost and is presented as a separate component of stockholders' deficit. See Note 12 — Stockholders' Deficit for additional disclosure.
F-16
Non-U.S. Dollar Translation — The Company converts assets and liabilities of foreign operations to their U.S. dollar equivalents at rates in effect at the balance sheet dates and records the translation adjustments within "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Income statements of foreign operations are translated from the operation's functional currency to U.S. dollar equivalents at the average exchange rate for the month. Non-U.S. dollar exchange transaction gains and losses are reported within "Transaction and operations support" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Revenue Recognition — The Company earns revenues from consideration specified in contracts with customers and recognizes revenue when it satisfies its performance obligations by transferring control over its services and products to customers. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers that are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. The following is a description of the principal activities, separated by reporting segments, from which the Company generates revenues. For more information about the Company's reporting segments, see Note 17 — Segment Information. For tabular revenue disclosures see Note 18 — Revenue Recognition.
GFT Segment:
Money transfer fee revenue — The Company earns money transfer revenues primarily from consumer transaction fees and the management of currency exchange spreads on money transfer transactions involving different "send" and "receive" currencies. Fees are collected from consumers at the time of transaction. In a cash-to-cash money transfer transaction, both the agent initiating the transaction and the receiving agent earn a commission that is generally a fixed fee or is based on a percentage of the fee charged to the consumer. When a money transfer transaction is initiated at a MoneyGram-owned store or via our online platform, typically only the receiving agent earns a commission. Each money transfer is considered a separate agreement between the Company and the consumer and includes only one performance obligation that is satisfied at a point in time, which is when the funds are made available for pick up. Money transfer funds are typically available for pick up within 24 hours of being sent. The consumer is in control of the service, as the consumer picks the "send" and "receive" locations as well as the transaction currency. Normally, the Company provides fee refunds to consumers only if the transaction is canceled within 30 minutes of initiating the transfer and the transfer amount has not been picked up by the Receiver. As such, fee refunds are accounted for within the same period as the origination of the transaction and no liability for the amount of expected returns is recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recognizes revenues on a gross basis for money transfer services as the Company is considered the principal in these transactions. Under our loyalty programs for money transfer services, consumers earn rewards based on transaction frequency. In 2018, the Company introduced the MoneyGram Plus Rewards program, which allows members to earn discounts on future transactions. The MoneyGram Plus Rewards program activity for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was insignificant to the Company's results of operations.
Bill payment services fee revenue — Bill payment revenues are earned primarily from fees charged to consumers for each transaction completed. Our primary bill payment service offering is our ExpressPayment service, which we offer at substantially all of our money transfer agent locations, at certain agent locations in select Caribbean and European countries and through our digital solutions. Through our bill payment services, consumers can complete urgent bill payments, pay routine bills, or load and reload prepaid debit cards with cash at an agent location or with a credit or debit card. We offer consumers same-day and two or three-day payment service options; the service option is dependent upon our agreement with the biller. Each bill payment service is considered a separate agreement with the consumer and includes only one performance obligation that is satisfied at a point in time, when the funds are transferred to the designated institution, which is generally within the same day. The consumer is in control of the service, as the consumer picks out the "send" location and time. MoneyGram does not offer refunds for bill payment services and revenue is recognized on a gross basis as the Company is considered the principal in these transactions.
Other revenue — Includes breakage income, fees from royalties, contract terminations, insufficient funds and other one-time charges. The Company recognizes breakage revenue for unclaimed money transfers when the likelihood of consumer pick-up becomes remote based on historical experience and there is no requirement for remitting balances to government agencies.
FPP Segment:
Money order fee revenue — Consumers use our money orders to make payments in lieu of cash or personal checks. We generate revenue from money orders by charging per item and other fees, as well as from the investment of funds underlying outstanding money orders. The Company contracts with agents and/or financial institutions for this product and associated services. We sell money orders under the MoneyGram brand and on a private label or on a co-branded basis with certain agents and financial institutions in the U.S. The Company recognizes revenue when an agent sells a money order because the funds are immediately made available to the consumer. As such, each sale of a money order and related service is considered a separate performance obligation that is satisfied at a point in time.
Official check outsourcing services fee revenue — Official checks are used by consumers where a payee requires a check drawn on a bank. Financial institutions also use official checks to pay their own obligations. Like money orders, the Company generates revenue from official check outsourcing services through U.S. banks and credit unions by charging per item and other
F-17
fees, as well as from the investment of funds underlying outstanding official checks. The Company's consumer for official checks is considered the financial institution. The official checks services and products are considered a bundle of services and products that are provided to the financial institution on an ongoing basis. As such, revenue from these services is recognized on a monthly basis. Revenue corresponds directly with the value of MoneyGram's services and/or products completed to date and for which the Company has a right to invoice. Monthly revenue may vary based on the number of official checks issued and other ancillary services provided to the financial institution.
Other revenue — Includes fees from money order service revenue, proof adjustments, early contract terminations, money order photo and replacement fees and other one-time charges. The Company recognizes service revenue from money orders that have not been redeemed within a one-year period from issuance. Proof adjustment fees are generally unresolved and not recouped as they pertain to immaterial bank variances. The Company recognizes as revenue the net proof adjustments amount on a monthly basis.
Investment Revenue — Investment revenue, which is not within the scope of ASC Topic 606 per ASC 606-10-15-2, is earned from the investment of funds generated from the sale of payment instruments, primarily official checks and money orders and consists of interest income, dividend income, income received on our cost recovery securities and amortization of premiums and discounts. Investment revenue varies depending on the level of investment balances and the yield on our investments.
Commissions and Other Fee Expense — The Company incurs fee commissions primarily related to our GFT services. In a money transfer transaction, both the agent initiating the transaction and the receiving agent earn a commission that is generally either a fixed fee or is based on a percentage of the fee charged to the consumer. The agent initiating the transaction and the receiving agent also earn non-U.S. dollar exchange commissions, which are generally based on a percentage of the non-U.S. dollar exchange spread. In a bill payment transaction, the agent initiating the transaction receives a commission that is generally based on a percentage of the fee charged to the consumer and, in limited circumstances, the biller receives a commission that is based on a percentage of the fee charged to the consumer. The Company generally does not pay commissions to agents on the sale of money orders, except, in certain limited circumstances, for large agents where we may pay a fixed commission based on total money order transactions.
Investment Commissions Expense — Investment commissions expense consists of amounts paid to financial institution customers based on short-term interest rate indices times the average outstanding cash balances of official checks sold by the financial institution. Investment commissions are recognized each month based on the average outstanding balances of each financial institution customer and their contractual variable rate for that month.
Direct Transaction Expense — Direct transaction expense includes expenses related to the processing of money transfers, such as customer authentication and funding costs.
Market Development Fees — Market development fees are fees paid by Ripple Labs Inc. ("Ripple") to the Company for developing and bringing liquidity to foreign exchange markets, facilitated by their ODL platform and providing a reliable level of foreign exchange trading activity. The liquidity services provided by the Company are not considered distinct under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and consequently MoneyGram recognizes fees received for market development services as vendor consideration in accordance with ASC Topic 705, Cost of Sales and Services. The fees are presented as a contra expense to offset costs incurred to Ripple and are recorded as incurred within "Transaction and operations support" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Per the terms of the commercial agreement, the Company does not pay fees to Ripple for its usage of the ODL platform and there are no claw back or refund provisions.
On March 7, 2021, the Company and Ripple signed an agreement to terminate, effective immediately, the commercial agreement between the parties that was originally entered into in June of 2019. The Company had ceased transacting under the commercial agreement in early December 2020. The Company did not resume transacting under the commercial agreement from that period through the termination date and as such, did not receive any market development fees in 2021. There were no market development fees for the year ended December 31, 2021 and $50.2 million and $11.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Additionally, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had no receivable from Ripple for market development fees.
Marketing and Advertising Expense — Marketing and advertising costs are expensed as incurred or at the time the advertising first takes place and are recorded in the "Transaction and operations support" line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Marketing and advertising expense was $27.7 million, $16.2 million and $48.1 million for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation — Stock-based compensation awards are measured at fair value at the date of grant and expensed using the straight-line method over their vesting or service periods. For grants to employees, expense, net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized in the "Compensation and benefits" line and expense for grants to non-employee directors is recorded in the "Transaction and operations support" line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company accounts for modifications to its share-based payment awards in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. Incremental compensation cost is measured as the excess, if any, of the fair value of the modified award over
F-18
the fair value of the original award immediately before its terms are modified, measured based on the share price and other pertinent factors at that date and is recognized as compensation cost on the date of modification (for vested awards) or over the remaining vesting or service period (for unvested awards). Any unrecognized compensation cost remaining from the original award is recognized over the vesting period of the modified award. See Note 13 — Stock-Based Compensation for additional disclosure of the Company's stock-based compensation.
Earnings Per Share — For all periods in which they are outstanding, the Series D Participating Convertible Preferred Stock (the "D Stock") and the warrants issued by the Company in connection with the entry into the Second Lien Credit Agreement ("Second Lien Warrants") are included in the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding utilized to calculate basic earnings per common share because the D Stock is deemed a common stock equivalent and the Second Lien Warrants are considered outstanding common shares.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards — In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefits Plans. The amendments in this standard require that entities now disclose the weighted-average interest credit ratings for cash balance plans and other plans with promised interest credit ratings and an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period, as well as clarify and remove certain other disclosures. This standard is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, and, as such, the Company adopted this standard as of December 31, 2020, see Note 11 — Pension and Other Benefits. This standard does not impact our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards and Related Developments Not Yet Adopted — In May 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). The ASU clarifies and reduces diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options, warrants for instance, that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. The ASU provides guidance that will clarify whether an issuer should account for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange as (1) an adjustment to equity and, if so, the related earnings per share effects, if any, or (2) an expense and, if so, the manner and pattern of recognition. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2021, and early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The adoption of ASU 2021-04 is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity. This ASU changes how entities account for convertible instruments and contracts in an entity's own equity and simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by removing certain separation models for convertible instruments. This ASU also modifies the guidance on diluted earnings per share calculations. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The amendments in this ASU provide, if certain criteria are met, optional expedients and exceptions for applying the U.S. GAAP requirements for contract modifications, hedging relationships and sales or transfers of debt securities that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform through December 31, 2022. The adoption of this ASU is optional and the election can be made anytime during the effective period. The amendments in this ASU are effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. MoneyGram is currently evaluating the impact of this standard and has not yet determined whether we will elect the optional expedients.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The new credit impairment standard changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking expected loss model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for credit losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to what they do today, except that the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than as reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. To further assist with adoption and implementation of ASU 2016-13, the FASB issued the following ASUs:
F-19
•ASU 2018-19 (Issued November 2018) — Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses
•ASU 2019-04 (Issued April 2019) — Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments
•ASU 2019-05 (Issued May 2019) — Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief
•ASU 2019-10 (Issued November 2019) — Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates
•ASU 2019-11 (Issued November 2019) — Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses
•ASU 2020-02 (Issued February 2020) — Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119 and Update to SEC Section on Effective Date Related to Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (SEC Update)
•ASU 2020-03 (Issued March 2020) — Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments
ASU 2019-10 changed the effective date of ASU 2016-13 for public business entities that meet the definition of a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") filer but that are eligible to be a smaller reporting company to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. As of November 15, 2019, which is the determination date for ASU 2016-13, MoneyGram was a smaller reporting company and, as such, has elected to adopt the amendments in these standards in 2023. We are still evaluating these ASUs, but we do not believe the adoption will have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company has determined that there have been no other recently adopted or issued accounting standards that had, or will have, a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
Note 3 — Reorganization Costs
In the first quarter of 2021, the Company committed to an operational plan to reduce overall operating expenses, including the elimination of approximately 110 positions across the Company and certain actions to reduce other ongoing operating expenses, including real estate-related expenses (the "2021 Organizational Realignment"). The actions are designed to streamline operations and structure the Company in a way that will be more agile and aligned around its plan to execute digital and market-specific strategies. Costs consisted primarily of one-time termination benefits for employee severance and related costs, which are recorded in "Compensation and benefits" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table is a roll-forward of the reorganization costs accrual as of December 31, 2021:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 Organizational Realignment | |||||||
| Balance, at December 31, 2020 | $ | — | ||||||
| Expenses | 9.1 | |||||||
| Cash payments | (8.4) | |||||||
| Balance, at December 31, 2021 | $ | 0.7 | ||||||
The following table is a summary of the total cumulative reorganization costs incurred to date in operating expenses:
| (Amounts in millions) | Total | |||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | — | ||||||
| First quarter 2021 | 5.9 | |||||||
| Second quarter 2021 | 2.1 | |||||||
| Third quarter 2021 | 0.3 | |||||||
| Fourth quarter 2021 | 0.8 | |||||||
| Total cumulative reorganization costs incurred to date | $ | 9.1 | ||||||
F-20
Note 4 — Settlement Assets and Payment Service Obligations
The Company's primary licensed entities are MoneyGram Payment Systems, Inc. ("MPSI"), MoneyGram International SRL and MoneyGram International Limited, which enable us to offer our money transfer service in the European Economic Area as well as around the globe. MPSI is regulated by various U.S. state agencies that generally require the Company to maintain a pool of assets with an investment rating bearing one of the three highest grades as defined by a nationally recognized rating agency ("permissible investments") in an amount equal to the payment service obligations, as defined by each state, for those regulated payment instruments, namely teller checks, agent checks, money orders and money transfers. The regulatory payment service assets measure varies by state but in all cases excludes investments rated below A-. The most restrictive states may also exclude assets held at banks that do not belong to a national insurance program, varying amounts of accounts receivable balances and/or assets held in the SPE. The regulatory payment service obligations measure varies by state but in all cases is substantially lower than the Company's payment service obligations as disclosed on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as the Company is not regulated by state agencies for payment service obligations primarily resulting from outstanding cashier's checks.
We are also subject to licensing or other regulatory requirements in various other jurisdictions. Licensing requirements may include minimum net worth, provision of surety bonds or letters of credit, compliance with operational procedures, agent oversight and the maintenance of settlement assets in an amount equivalent to outstanding payment service obligations, as defined by our various regulators.
The regulatory and contractual requirements do not require the Company to specify individual assets held to meet its payment service obligations, nor is the Company required to deposit specific assets into a trust, escrow or other special account. Rather, the Company must maintain a pool of liquid assets sufficient to comply with the requirements. No third-party places limitations, legal or otherwise, on the Company regarding the use of its individual liquid assets. The Company is able to withdraw, deposit or sell its individual liquid assets at will, with no prior notice or penalty, provided the Company maintains a total pool of liquid assets sufficient to meet the regulatory and contractual requirements. Regulatory requirements also require MPSI to maintain positive net worth, with certain states requiring that MPSI maintain positive tangible net worth. The Company was in compliance with its contractual and financial regulatory requirements as of December 31, 2021.
The following table summarizes the amount of settlement assets and payment service obligations as of December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Settlement assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Settlement cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,895.7 | $ | 1,883.2 | ||||||||||
| Receivables, net | 700.4 | 825.0 | ||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing investments | 992.3 | 991.2 | ||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale investments | 3.0 | 3.5 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 3,591.4 | $ | 3,702.9 | |||||||||||
| Payment service obligations | $ | (3,591.4) | $ | (3,702.9) | ||||||||||
Note 5 — Fair Value Measurement
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability, or the exit price, in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. A three-level hierarchy is used for fair value measurements based upon the observability of the inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. Under the hierarchy, the highest priority is given to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1), followed by observable inputs (Level 2) and unobservable inputs (Level 3). A financial instrument's level within the hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following is a description of the Company's valuation methodologies used to estimate the fair value for assets and liabilities:
Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
•Available-for-sale investments — For residential mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies, fair value measures are obtained from an independent pricing service. As market quotes are generally not readily available or accessible for these specific securities, the pricing service measures fair value through the use of pricing models utilizing reported market quotes adjusted for observable inputs, such as market prices for comparable securities,
F-21
spreads, prepayment speeds, yield curves and delinquency rates. Accordingly, these securities are classified as Level 2 financial instruments.
For asset-backed and other securities, which include investments in limited partnerships, market quotes are generally not available. The Company utilizes broker quotes to measure market value, if available. Because the inputs and assumptions that brokers use to develop prices are unobservable, valuations that are based on brokers' quotes are classified as Level 3. Also, the Company uses pricing services that utilize pricing models based on market observable and unobservable data. The observable inputs include quotes for comparable securities, yield curves, default indices, interest rates, historical prepayment speeds and delinquency rates. These pricing models also apply an inactive market adjustment as a significant unobservable input. Accordingly, asset-backed and other securities valued using third-party pricing models are classified as Level 3.
•Derivative financial instruments — Derivatives consist of forward contracts to manage income statement exposure to non-U.S. dollar exchange risk arising from the Company's assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies. The Company's forward contracts are well-established products, allowing the use of standardized models with market-based inputs. These models do not contain a high level of subjectivity, and the inputs are readily observable. Accordingly, the Company has classified its forward contracts as Level 2 financial instruments. See Note 7 — Derivative Financial Instruments for additional disclosure on the Company's forward contracts.
There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, or transfers into or out of level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following table summarizes the Company's financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value by hierarchy level on a recurring basis:
| (Amounts in millions) | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale investments: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 2.3 | $ | — | $ | 2.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed and other securities | — | 0.7 | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Forward contracts | 0.1 | — | 0.1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total financial assets | $ | 2.4 | $ | 0.7 | $ | 3.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Financial liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward contracts | $ | 0.2 | $ | — | $ | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale investments: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 3.0 | $ | — | $ | 3.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed and other securities | — | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Forward contracts | 0.1 | — | 0.1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total financial assets | $ | 3.1 | $ | 0.5 | $ | 3.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Financial liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward contracts | $ | 2.2 | $ | — | $ | 2.2 | ||||||||||||||
The following table provides a roll-forward of the asset-backed and other securities classified as Level 3, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | 0.5 | $ | 0.9 | $ | 1.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Change in unrealized gains (losses) | 0.2 | (0.4) | (0.3) | |||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | 0.7 | $ | 0.5 | $ | 0.9 | ||||||||||||||
F-22
Assets and liabilities that are disclosed at fair value — Debt and interest-bearing investments are carried at amortized cost; however, the Company estimates the fair value of debt for disclosure purposes. The fair values of the Term Loan, Senior Secured Notes and First Lien Credit Facility are estimated using an observable market quotation (Level 2). The fair value of the second lien credit facility is estimated using unobservable market inputs (Level 3), including broker quotes for comparable traded securities and yield curves.
The following table provides the carrying value and fair value for the credit facilities and the senior secured notes as of December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying value | Fair value | Carrying value | Fair value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term Loan | $ | 384.0 | $ | 383.5 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Senior Secured Notes | $ | 415.0 | $ | 421.2 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||
First Lien Credit Facility | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 635.3 | $ | 635.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Second Lien Credit Facility | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 254.6 | $ | 254.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
The carrying amounts for the Company's cash and cash equivalents, settlement cash and cash equivalents, receivables, interest-bearing investments and payment service obligations approximate fair value as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
The Company records the investments in its Pension Plan trust at fair value. The majority of the Pension Plan's investments is common/collective trusts held by the Pension Plan's trustee. The fair values of the Pension Plan's investments are determined based on the current market values of the underlying assets. See Note 11 — Pension and Other Benefits for additional disclosure of investments held by the Pension Plan.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis — Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis relate primarily to the Company's property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets, which are remeasured only in the event of an impairment.
Fair value remeasurements are normally based on significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). Tangible and intangible asset fair values are derived using accepted valuation methodologies. If it is determined an impairment has occurred, the carrying value of the asset is reduced to fair value with a corresponding charge to "Other expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Note 6 — Investment Portfolio
The Company's portfolio is invested in cash and cash equivalents, interest-bearing investments and available-for-sale investments as described in Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The following table shows the components of the investment portfolio as of December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | 2,050.9 | $ | 2,076.8 | ||||||||||
| Money market securities | — | 2.5 | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and settlement cash and cash equivalents | 2,050.9 | 2,079.3 | ||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing investments | 992.3 | 991.2 | ||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale investments | 3.0 | 3.5 | ||||||||||||
| Total investment portfolio | $ | 3,046.2 | $ | 3,074.0 | ||||||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents — Cash and cash equivalents consist of interest-bearing deposit accounts, non-interest-bearing transaction accounts and money market securities. The Company's money market securities are invested in one fund, which is AAA rated and consists of U.S. Treasury bills, notes or other obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government and its agencies, as well as repurchase agreements secured by such instruments.
Interest-bearing Investments — Interest-bearing investments consist of time deposits and certificates of deposit with maturities of up to 24 months and are issued from financial institutions rated A- or better as of December 31, 2021.
F-23
Available-for-sale Investments — Available-for-sale investments consist of residential mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed and other securities. The following table is a summary of the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale investments:
| (Amounts in millions) | Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 2.1 | $ | 0.2 | $ | — | $ | 2.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed and other securities | — | 0.7 | — | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2.1 | $ | 0.9 | $ | — | $ | 3.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 2.6 | $ | 0.4 | $ | — | $ | 3.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed and other securities | 0.2 | 0.5 | (0.2) | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2.8 | $ | 0.9 | $ | (0.2) | $ | 3.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, 77% and 86%, respectively, of the fair value of the available-for-sale portfolio were invested in residential mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies. These securities have the implicit backing of the U.S. government and the Company expects to receive full par value upon maturity or pay-down, as well as all interest payments.
Gains and Losses — For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company had no realized gains and losses.
Investment Ratings — In rating the securities in its investment portfolio, the Company uses ratings from Moody's Investor Service ("Moody's"), Standard & Poor's ("S&P") and Fitch Ratings ("Fitch"). If the rating agencies have split ratings, the Company uses the lower of the highest two out of three ratings across the rating agencies for disclosure purposes. If the institution has only two ratings, the Company uses the lower of the two ratings for disclosure purposes. Securities issued or backed by U.S. government agencies are included in the AAA rating category. Investment grade is defined as a security having a Moody's equivalent rating of Aaa, Aa, A or Baa or an S&P or Fitch equivalent rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB. The Company's investments consisted of the following ratings as of December 31:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollar amounts in millions) | Number of Securities | Fair Value | Percent of Investments | Number of Securities | Fair Value | Percent of Investments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade | 9 | $ | 2.3 | 78 | % | 9 | $ | 3.0 | 86 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Below investment grade | 33 | 0.7 | 22 | % | 35 | 0.5 | 14 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 42 | $ | 3.0 | 100 | % | 44 | $ | 3.5 | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Had the Company used the lowest rating from the rating agencies in the information presented above, there would be no change to the classifications as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Contractual Maturities — Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, sometimes without call or prepayment penalties. Maturities of residential mortgage-backed and asset-backed and other securities depend on the repayment characteristics and experience of the underlying obligations.
Fair Value Determination — The Company uses various sources of pricing for its fair value estimates of its available-for-sale portfolio. The percentage of the portfolio for which the various pricing sources were used is as follows as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, 93% and 95% used a third-party pricing service and 7% and 5% used broker quotes, respectively.
F-24
Note 7 — Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company uses forward contracts to manage its non-U.S. dollar needs and non-U.S. dollar exchange risk arising from its assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. dollars. While these contracts may mitigate certain non-U.S. dollar risk, they are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes and will result in gains and losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company also reports gains and losses from the spread differential between the rate set for its transactions and the actual cost of currency at the time the Company buys or sells in the open market.
The following net gains (losses) related to assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. dollar are included in "Transaction and operations support" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and in the "Net cash provided by operating activities" line in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net realized non-U.S. dollar (loss) gain | $ | (20.4) | $ | 26.6 | $ | (7.4) | ||||||||||||||
| Net gain (loss) from the related forward contracts | 18.4 | (11.9) | 11.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) gain from non-U.S. dollar transactions and related forward contracts | $ | (2.0) | $ | 14.7 | $ | 3.8 | ||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had $698.7 million and $643.8 million, respectively, of outstanding notional amounts relating to its non-U.S. dollar forward contracts. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company reflects the following fair values of derivative forward contract instruments in its Consolidated Balance Sheets:
| Gross Amount of Recognized Assets | Gross Amount of Offset | Net Amount of Assets Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in millions) | Balance Sheet Location | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward contracts | "Other assets" | $ | 0.4 | $ | 1.0 | $ | (0.3) | $ | (0.9) | $ | 0.1 | $ | 0.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities | Gross Amount of Offset | Net Amount of Liabilities Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in millions) | Balance Sheet Location | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward contracts | "Accounts payable and other liabilities" | $ | 0.6 | $ | 3.1 | $ | (0.4) | $ | (0.9) | $ | 0.2 | $ | 2.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Company's forward contracts are primarily executed with counterparties governed by International Swaps and Derivatives Association agreements that generally include standard netting arrangements. Asset and liability positions from forward contracts and all other non-U.S. dollar exchange transactions with the same counterparty are net settled upon maturity.
The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of non-performance by counterparties to its derivative contracts. The Company actively monitors its exposure to credit risk through the use of credit approvals and credit limits and by selecting major international banks and financial institutions as counterparties. Collateral generally is not required of the counterparties or of the Company. In the unlikely event the counterparty fails to meet the contractual terms of the derivative contract, the Company's risk is limited to the fair value of the instrument. The Company has not had any historical instances of non-performance by any counterparties, nor does it anticipate any future instances of non-performance.
F-25
Note 8 — Property and Equipment
The following table is a summary of "Property and equipment, net" as of December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Computer hardware and software | $ | 529.9 | $ | 512.8 | ||||||||||
| Signage | 50.6 | 56.1 | ||||||||||||
| Equipment at agent locations | 50.2 | 48.9 | ||||||||||||
| Office furniture and equipment | 19.5 | 28.4 | ||||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | 22.1 | 27.0 | ||||||||||||
| Total property and equipment | 672.3 | 673.2 | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (538.4) | (525.1) | ||||||||||||
| Total property and equipment, net | $ | 133.9 | $ | 148.1 | ||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense for property and equipment for 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $56.4 million, $63.9 million and $73.2 million, respectively. No impairments of property and equipment were recorded during 2021, 2020 and 2019.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had $1.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively, in accrued purchases of property and equipment included within "Accounts payable and other liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
During 2021, 2020 and 2019 the Company had nominal losses related to disposals of its property and equipment. The loss was recorded within "Occupancy, equipment and supplies" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, software development costs of $35.0 million and $28.2 million, respectively, were capitalized. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were $104.3 million and $105.3 million, respectively, of unamortized software development costs included in property and equipment.
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had $1.0 million and $1.5 million, respectively, in net capitalized implementation costs related to hosting arrangements that are service contracts. These costs are recorded within "Other assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the related amortization is recorded in the same line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as other fees associated with the service arrangements.
Note 9 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill — The Company's goodwill balance was $442.2 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and all relates to the GFT segment. The Company performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill during the fourth quarter of 2021 and a quantitative impairment test during the fourth quarter of 2020 and 2019. No impairments of goodwill were recorded in 2021, 2020 and 2019.
Intangibles — All of the Company's intangible assets are included within "Other assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no cryptocurrency indefinite-lived intangible assets.
The following table is a summary of finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in millions) | Gross Carrying Value | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Value | Gross Carrying Value | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contractual and customer relationships | $ | 4.1 | $ | (3.7) | $ | 0.4 | $ | 4.1 | $ | (3.2) | $ | 0.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developed technology | 0.6 | (0.6) | — | 0.6 | (0.5) | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total finite-intangible assets | $ | 4.7 | $ | (4.3) | $ | 0.4 | $ | 4.7 | $ | (3.7) | $ | 1.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Intangible asset amortization expense for 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $0.6 million, $0.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The estimated future intangible asset amortization expense is $0.4 million for 2022.
F-26
Note 10 — Debt
The following is a summary of the Company's outstanding debt as of December 31:
| (Amounts in millions, except percentages) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
5.00% Term Loan due 2026 | $ | 384.0 | $ | — | ||||||||||
5.38% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 | 415.0 | — | ||||||||||||
7.00% First Lien Credit Facility due 2023 | — | 635.3 | ||||||||||||
13.00% Second Lien Credit Facility due 2024 | — | 254.6 | ||||||||||||
| Total debt at face value | 799.0 | 889.9 | ||||||||||||
| Unamortized debt issuance costs and debt discounts | (12.3) | (32.1) | ||||||||||||
| Total debt, net | $ | 786.7 | $ | 857.8 | ||||||||||
Indenture and New Credit Agreement — On July 21, 2021, the Company entered into a new credit agreement (the "New Credit Agreement") with the lenders from time to time party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and completed its previously announced private offering of $415.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.375% senior secured notes due 2026 (the "Senior Secured Notes" or "Notes" and such offering, the "Notes Offering") and related guarantees. The New Credit Agreement provides for (i) a senior secured five-year term loan in an aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million (the "Term Loan") and (ii) a senior secured four-year revolving credit facility that may be used for revolving credit loans, swingline loans and letters of credit (the "Revolving Credit Facility") and together with the Term Loan, the "New Credit Facilities") up to an initial aggregate principal amount of $32.5 million which was increased to $40.0 million in December 2021.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no borrowings and no outstanding letters of credit under its Revolving Credit Facility.
The New Credit Facilities were secured by substantially all of the Company's assets and its material domestic subsidiaries that guarantee the payment and performance of the Company's obligations under the Credit Facilities.
Prepayment — On June 28, 2021, the Company prepaid $100.0 million of principal balance under its Second Lien Credit Agreement utilizing the proceeds under the ATM Program plus cash on hand as defined and further discussed in Note 12 — Stockholders' Deficit. On July 21, 2021, the proceeds from the notes offering, together with borrowings under the Term Loan, were used to prepay the full amount of outstanding indebtedness under the Prior Credit Facilities, as defined below and to pay related accrued interest, fees and expenses. Simultaneous with the prepayment, the Prior Credit Facilities were terminated. In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company prepaid a total of $16.0 million of principal balance under its New Credit Agreement.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $44.1 million which included $16.5 million of prepayment call premium and $27.6 million associated with the write-off of debt issuance costs and debt discounts. The Company also paid accrued interest of $7.0 million.
First Lien Credit Agreement and Revolving Credit Facility — The Company's prior First Lien Credit Agreement, which was in effect during the first half of 2021, provided for (a) a senior secured three-year revolving credit facility available for revolving credit loans, swingline loans and letters of credit up to an aggregate principal amount of $35.0 million and was scheduled to mature on September 30, 2022, (the "First Lien Revolving Credit Facility") and (b) a senior secured four-year term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $645.0 million (the "First Lien Term Credit Facility" and together with the First Lien Revolving Credit Facility, the "First Lien Credit Facility").
Second Lien Credit Agreement — The Company's prior Second Lien Credit Agreement which was in effect during the first half of 2021, provided for a second lien secured five-year term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $245.0 million (the "Second Lien Term Credit Facility" and together with the First Lien Credit Facility, the "Prior Credit Facilities"). Subject to certain conditions and limitations, the Company was able to elect to pay interest under the Second Lien Term Credit Facility partially in cash and partially in kind. The outstanding principal balance for the Second Lien Credit Agreement was due on June 26, 2024.
Debt Covenants and Other Restrictions — The New Credit Agreement contains various limitations that restrict the Company's ability to: incur additional indebtedness; create or incur additional liens; effect mergers and consolidations; make certain acquisitions or investments; sell assets or subsidiary stock; pay dividends and make other restricted payments; and effect loans, advances and certain other transactions with affiliates. In addition, the New Credit Agreement, requires the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries to maintain a minimum interest coverage ratio of 2.150:1.000 and to not exceed a total net leverage
F-27
ratio of 4.750:1.000. The asset coverage covenant contained in the New Credit Agreement requires the aggregate amount of the Company's cash and cash equivalents and other settlement assets to exceed its aggregate payment service obligations.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with its financial covenants: our interest coverage ratio was 3.643 to 1.000, our total net leverage ratio was 3.098 to 1.000 and our assets in excess of payment service obligations used for the asset coverage calculation were $155.2 million. We continuously monitor our compliance with our debt covenants.
Debt Issuance Costs —For the Term Loan, the Notes, the First Lien Term Credit Facility and the Second Lien Term Credit Facility, the Company presents debt issuance costs as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related indebtedness and amortizes these costs over the term of the related debt liability using the effective interest method. For the revolving credit facilities, the Company presents debt issuance costs within "Other assets" on its Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortizes these costs ratably over the term of the revolving credit facilities. Amortization of debt issuance costs is recorded within "Interest expense" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
There were no unamortized costs associated with the Revolving Credit Facility as of December 31, 2021 and $1.5 million for the First Lien Revolving Credit Facility as of December 31, 2020.
Debt Discount — The Company records debt discount as a deduction from the carrying amount of the related indebtedness on its Consolidated Balance Sheets with the respective debt discount amortization recorded within "Interest expense."
Maturities — At December 31, 2021, debt totaling $781.0 million will mature in July 2026, with debt principal totaling $18.0 million will be paid quarterly in increments of $1.0 million through the maturity date. Any borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility will mature in July 2025.
Note 11 — Pension and Other Benefits
Pension Benefits — The Company's Pension Plan is a frozen, non-contributory funded plan under which no new service or compensation credits are accrued by the plan participants. Cash accumulation accounts continue to be credited with interest credits until participants withdraw their money from the Pension Plan. It is the Company's policy to fund at least the minimum required contribution each year plus additional discretionary amounts as available and necessary to minimize expenses of the plan.
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans — The Company has obligations under various legacy SERPs, which are unfunded non-qualified defined benefit pension plans providing postretirement income to their participants. As of December 31, 2021, all benefit accruals under the SERPs are frozen with the exception of one plan for which service is frozen but future pay increases are reflected for active participants. It is the Company's policy to fund the SERPs as benefits are paid.
The Company's Pension Plan and SERPs are collectively referred to as our "Pension."
Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions — The Company has an unfunded defined benefit postretirement plan ("Postretirement Benefits") that provides medical and life insurance for its participants. The Company amended the Postretirement Benefits to close it to new participants as of December 31, 2009. Effective July 1, 2011, the Postretirement Benefits was amended to eliminate eligibility for participants eligible for Medicare coverage. As a result of this plan amendment, the Company no longer receives the Medicare retiree drug subsidy. The Company's funding policy is to make contributions to the Postretirement Benefits as benefits are paid.
F-28
Actuarial Valuation Assumptions — The measurement date for the Company's Pension and Postretirement Benefits is December 31. The following table is a summary of the weighted-average actuarial assumptions used in calculating net periodic benefit expense (income) and the benefit obligation for the years ended and as of December 31:
| Pension Plan | SERPs | Postretirement Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net periodic benefit expense (income): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate for benefit obligation | 2.51 | % | 3.23 | % | 3.57 | % | 2.41 | % | 3.18 | % | 4.32 | % | 2.64 | % | 3.33 | % | 4.41 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate for interest cost | 1.86 | % | 2.83 | % | 3.09 | % | 1.62 | % | 2.70 | % | 3.88 | % | 1.74 | % | 2.77 | % | 3.91 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | 1.80 | % | 2.07 | % | 2.91 | % | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash balance interest crediting rate | 1.36 | % | 1.73 | % | 2.75 | % | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rate of compensation increase | — | — | — | 5.75 | % | 5.75 | % | 5.75 | % | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical trend rate: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-65 initial healthcare cost trend rate | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6.46 | % | 6.79 | % | 7.25 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Post-65 initial healthcare cost trend rate | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.08 | % | 7.51 | % | 8.25 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre and post-65 ultimate healthcare cost trend rate | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.50 | % | 4.50 | % | 4.50 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Year ultimate healthcare cost trend rate is reached for pre/post-65, respectively | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2028 | 2027 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit obligation: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate | 2.86 | % | 2.51 | % | 3.23 | % | 2.81 | % | 2.41 | % | 3.18 | % | 2.95 | % | 2.64 | % | 3.33 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash balance interest crediting rate | 1.92 | % | 1.36 | % | 1.73 | % | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rate of compensation increase | — | — | — | 5.75 | % | 5.75 | % | 5.75 | % | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medical trend rate: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-65 initial healthcare cost trend rate | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6.38 | % | 6.46 | % | 6.79 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Post-65 initial healthcare cost trend rate | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6.64 | % | 7.08 | % | 7.51 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre and post-65 ultimate healthcare cost trend rate | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.50 | % | 4.50 | % | 4.50 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ultimate healthcare cost trend rate is reached for pre/post-65 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2030 | 2028 | 2027 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Company utilizes a building-block approach in determining the long-term expected rate of return on plan assets. The expected return on plan assets is calculated using a calculated value of plan assets that is determined each year by adjusting the previous year's value by expected returns, benefit payments and contributions. Asset gains and losses are reflected as equal adjustments over a three-year period. Historical markets are studied and long-term historical relationships between equity securities and fixed income securities are preserved consistent with the widely accepted capital market principle that assets with higher volatility generate a greater return over the long run. Current market factors, such as inflation and interest rates, are evaluated before long-term capital market assumptions are determined. The long-term portfolio return also takes proper consideration of diversification and rebalancing. Peer data and historical returns are reviewed for reasonableness and appropriateness.
Actuarial gains and losses are amortized using the Corridor approach, by amortizing the balance exceeding 10% of the greater of the benefit obligation or the fair value of plan assets. The amortization period is primarily based on the average remaining expected life of plan participants for the Pension and the average remaining expected life of plan participants for the Postretirement Benefits. The Company estimated the interest cost components utilizing a full yield curve approach in the estimation of these components by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve used in the determination of the benefit obligation to their underlying projected cash flows.
Pension Assets — The Company employs a liability-driven investment approach whereby a mix of equity and fixed income securities are used to maximize the long-term return of plan assets for a prudent level of risk. Risk tolerance is established through careful consideration of plan liabilities, plan funded status and corporate financial condition. The investment portfolio contains a diversified blend of equity and fixed income securities. Furthermore, equity securities are diversified across large and small capitalized securities and international securities. Other assets, such as real estate and high yield bonds, are used to further diversify equity allocations. Fixed income securities are primarily invested in a mix of investment grade corporate bonds, government bonds and a smaller allocation to non-investment grade debt. The Company uses a dynamic strategy to determine the allocation of return-seeking assets driven by the Pension Plan's funded ratio so that when the funded status increases above prescribed levels, the allocation to equities will decrease and fixed income increase proportionally. Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis, including quarterly investment portfolio reviews and periodic liability measurements.
As of December 31, 2021, the Pension assets consisted of approximately 7% in equity securities, 84% in fixed income and 9% in real estate.
F-29
The Company records its Pension Plan's assets at fair value as described in Note 5 — Fair Value Measurement. The following is a description of the Pension Plan's investments at fair value and valuation methodologies:
•Common/collective trusts — The fair values of the underlying funds in the common/collective trusts are valued based on the unit value established for each fund at each valuation date. The unit value of a collective investment fund is calculated by dividing the fund's net asset value on the calculation date by the number of units of the fund that are outstanding on the calculation date, which is derived from observable purchase and redemption activity in the collective investment fund.
•Money market fund — This investment is valued at the published per share net asset value of shares held by the Plan. There are no significant restrictions on redeeming these investments at net asset value.
•Real estate — The Pension Plan trust holds an investment in a real estate development project that the Company considers to be a Level 3 asset for valuation purposes because it requires the use of unobservable inputs in its fair value measurement. The fair value of this investment represents the estimated fair value of the plan's related ownership percentage in the project based upon an appraisal of the underlying real property as of each balance sheet date. The fund investment strategy for this asset is long-term capital appreciation.
The following table is a summary of the Pension Plan's financial assets recorded at fair value, by hierarchy level:
| (Amounts in millions) | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||
| Real estate | $ | 4.2 | $ | 4.2 | ||||||||||
| Total investments in the fair value hierarchy | 4.2 | 4.2 | ||||||||||||
Investments measured at net asset value (1) | 41.1 | |||||||||||||
| Total financial assets | $ | 45.3 | ||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||
| Real estate | $ | 5.3 | $ | 5.3 | ||||||||||
| Total investments in the fair value hierarchy | 5.3 | 5.3 | ||||||||||||
Investments measured at net asset value (1) | 40.9 | |||||||||||||
| Total financial assets | $ | 46.2 | ||||||||||||
(1) Common/collective trusts investments and money market funds that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the total fair value of plan assets presented in the summary of plan assets further below.
The Company does not have participant redemption restrictions for its common/collective trust investments. The following table sets forth additional disclosures for the Pension Plan assets fair value estimated using net asset value per share:
| (Amounts in millions) | Fair Value | Redemptions Frequency (if currently eligible) | Redemption Notice Period | |||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market fund | $ | 0.9 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||
| Multi-asset credit fund | 0.8 | Monthly | 10 Days | |||||||||||||||||
| Equity and fixed income securities | 39.4 | Daily | 15 Days | |||||||||||||||||
| Investments measured at net asset value | $ | 41.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market fund | $ | 0.9 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||
| Multi-asset credit fund | 0.7 | Monthly | 10 Days | |||||||||||||||||
| Equity and fixed income securities | 39.3 | Daily | 15 Days | |||||||||||||||||
| Investments measured at net asset value | $ | 40.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
F-30
Plan Financial Information — Net periodic benefit expense for the Pension includes the following components for the years ended December 31:
| Pension | Postretirement Benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlement charge | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 31.3 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | 2.0 | 3.1 | 5.4 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | (0.7) | (0.8) | (2.7) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of net actuarial loss | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prior service cost | — | 0.1 | 0.1 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net periodic benefit expense | $ | 3.7 | $ | 4.4 | $ | 36.7 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit expense for the Pension and Postretirement Benefits is recorded within "Other non-operating expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Settlement charge, amortization of net actuarial loss and prior service cost were reclassified out of the components of "Accumulated other comprehensive loss".
In June 2019, the Company paid an insurance company $1.2 million to assume a portion of its Pension Plan liability, without recourse. As a result of the sale, the Company reduced its Pension Plan liability by $74.3 million and recognized a non-cash charge of $31.3 million that represents a corresponding portion of the Pension Plan accumulated other comprehensive loss. The transfer of the Pension obligations was completed exclusively with the use of Pension assets and did not impact the Company's cash balance or liquidity position.
The following tables are a summary of the amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) and net periodic benefit expense for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | Pension | Postretirement Benefits | ||||||||||||
| 2021 | ||||||||||||||
| Net actuarial gain | $ | (1.8) | $ | — | ||||||||||
| Amortization of net actuarial loss | (2.4) | (0.1) | ||||||||||||
| Total recognized in other comprehensive loss | (4.2) | (0.1) | ||||||||||||
| Total recognized in net periodic benefit expense | 3.7 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||
| Total recognized in other comprehensive loss and net periodic benefit expense | $ | (0.5) | $ | — | ||||||||||
| 2020 | ||||||||||||||
| Net actuarial loss (gain) | $ | 4.5 | $ | (0.1) | ||||||||||
| Amortization of net actuarial loss | (2.0) | (0.1) | ||||||||||||
| Amortization of prior service cost | (0.1) | — | ||||||||||||
| Total recognized in other comprehensive loss | 2.4 | (0.2) | ||||||||||||
| Total recognized in net periodic benefit expense | 4.4 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||
| Total recognized in other comprehensive loss and net periodic benefit expense | $ | 6.8 | $ | (0.1) | ||||||||||
| 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Settlement charge | $ | (31.3) | $ | — | ||||||||||
| Net actuarial loss | 8.5 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||
| Amortization of net actuarial loss | (2.6) | (0.1) | ||||||||||||
| Amortization of prior service cost | (0.1) | — | ||||||||||||
| Total recognized in other comprehensive loss | (25.5) | — | ||||||||||||
| Total recognized in net periodic benefit expense | 36.7 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||
| Total recognized in other comprehensive loss and net periodic benefit expense | $ | 11.2 | $ | 0.1 | ||||||||||
F-31
The following table is a summary of the unfunded status of the Pension and Postretirement Benefits, which is recorded within "Pension and other postretirement benefits" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, the benefit obligation and plan assets, and changes to the benefit obligation and plan assets as of and for the years ended December 31:
| Pension | Postretirement Benefits | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in benefit obligation: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit obligation at the beginning of the year | $ | 120.1 | $ | 117.3 | $ | 0.6 | $ | 0.7 | $ | 120.7 | $ | 118.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | 2.0 | 3.1 | — | — | 2.0 | 3.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial (gain) loss | (2.6) | 7.2 | — | (0.1) | (2.6) | 7.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid | (7.6) | (7.5) | — | — | (7.6) | (7.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit obligation at the end of the year | 111.9 | 120.1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 112.5 | 120.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in plan assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets at the beginning of the year | 46.2 | 40.5 | — | — | 46.2 | 40.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actual return on plan assets | (0.1) | 3.5 | — | — | (0.1) | 3.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employer contributions | 6.9 | 9.7 | — | — | 6.9 | 9.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid | (7.6) | (7.5) | — | — | (7.6) | (7.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets at the end of the year | 45.4 | 46.2 | — | — | 45.4 | 46.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unfunded status at the end of the year | $ | 66.5 | $ | 73.9 | $ | 0.6 | $ | 0.6 | $ | 67.1 | $ | 74.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In 2021, the net actuarial gain of $2.6 million affecting the benefit obligation of the Pension was due to the increase in discount rate and no material net actuarial gain or loss affecting the benefit obligation of the Postretirement Benefits.
In 2020, the net actuarial loss of $7.2 million affecting the benefit obligation of the Pension was due to the decrease in discount rate and the net actuarial gain of $0.1 million affecting the benefit obligation of the Postretirement Benefits was due to the decrease in liability resulting from participant deaths partially offset by the decrease in the discount rate.
In October 2021, the Society of Actuaries issued updated mortality projection scales. The Company adopted the updated mortality projection scales on its measurement date, which decreased the Pension Plan benefit obligation. The unfunded status of the Pension Plan was $3.3 million and $5.3 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and the unfunded status of the SERPs was $63.2 million and $68.6 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The following table summarizes the components recognized in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" in the stockholders' deficit section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets relating to the Pension and Postretirement Benefits as of December 31:
| Pension | Postretirement Benefits | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net actuarial loss, net of tax | $ | 35.2 | $ | 38.2 | $ | 0.2 | $ | 0.4 | $ | 35.4 | $ | 38.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior service cost, net of tax | — | 0.1 | — | — | — | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 35.2 | $ | 38.3 | $ | 0.2 | $ | 0.4 | $ | 35.4 | $ | 38.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table summarizes the accumulated benefit obligation for the Pension and Postretirement Benefits fair value of plan assets as of December 31:
| Pension | Postretirement Benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated benefit obligation | $ | 111.9 | $ | 120.1 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets | $ | 45.4 | $ | 46.2 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||
The following table summarizes the estimated future benefit payments for the Pension and Postretirement Benefits for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027-2031 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension | $ | 8.3 | $ | 7.9 | $ | 7.1 | $ | 7.1 | $ | 7.0 | $ | 32.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Postretirement benefits | — | — | — | — | — | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-32
Although the Company has no minimum required contribution for the Pension Plan in 2022, we expect to contribute at least $1.0 million to the Pension Plan in 2022. The Company will continue to make contributions to the SERPs and the Postretirement Benefits to the extent benefits are paid. Aggregate benefits paid for the unfunded plans are expected to be $5.5 million in 2022.
Employee Savings Plan — The Company has an employee savings plan that qualifies under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Contributions to, and costs of, the 401(k) defined contribution plan totaled $4.4 million, $3.7 million and $4.5 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
International Benefit Plans — The Company's international subsidiaries have certain defined contribution plans. Contributions to, and costs related to, international plans were $1.9 million, $2.0 million and $1.6 million for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Note 12 — Stockholders' Deficit
Common Stock — The Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, provides for the issuance of up to 162,500,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.01. The holders of MoneyGram common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by its stockholders. The holders of common stock have no preemptive, conversion or other subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. The determination to pay dividends on common stock will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on applicable laws and the Company's financial condition, results of operations, cash requirements, prospects and such other factors as the Board of Directors may deem relevant. The Company's ability to declare or pay dividends or distributions to the holders of the Company's common stock is restricted under the Company's New Credit Agreement. No dividends were paid in 2021, 2020 or 2019. On June 7, 2021, MoneyGram announced its ATM Program which provided for the offer and sale, from time to time, of shares of its common stock having an aggregate sales price of up to $100.0 million. On June 18, 2021, MoneyGram completed the ATM Program by selling $99.8 million, or 10.4 million shares, at an average price per share of $9.56, resulting in total net proceeds to the Company of $97.2 million.
Preferred Stock — The Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides for the issuance of up to 7,000,000 shares of preferred stock that may be issued in one or more series, with each series to have certain rights and preferences as shall be determined in the unlimited discretion of the Company's Board of Directors, including, without limitation, voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences.
Treasury Stock — The Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of shares up to $50.0 million in the aggregate. As of December 31, 2021, the Company repurchased 1,023,209 shares or $6.1 million in common stock.
Series D Participating Convertible Preferred Stock (the "D Stock") — In 2011, the Company issued 71,282 shares of D Stock to Goldman Sachs. Each share of D Stock has a liquidation preference of $0.01 and is convertible into 125 shares of common stock. In 2020, Goldman Sachs converted all of its 71,282 shares of D Stock into 8,910,234 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share.
F-33
The following table is a summary of the Company's authorized, issued and outstanding stock as of December 31, 2021:
| D Stock | Common Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Authorized | Issued | Outstanding | Authorized | Issued | Outstanding | Treasury Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 1, 2019 | 200,000 | 71,282 | (71,282) | 162,500,000 | 58,823,567 | 55,616,449 | 3,207,118 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Release for restricted stock units | — | — | — | — | — | 877,212 | 877,212 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued to Ripple as part of SPA | — | — | — | — | 6,237,523 | 6,237,523 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2019 | 200,000 | 71,282 | (71,282) | 162,500,000 | 65,061,090 | 62,731,184 | 2,329,906 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Release for restricted stock units | — | — | — | — | 56,358 | 876,121 | 819,763 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock - series D conversion | — | (71,282) | 71,282 | — | 7,413,322 | 8,910,234 | 1,496,912 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | 200,000 | — | — | 162,500,000 | 72,530,770 | 72,517,539 | 13,231 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ATM equity offering | — | — | — | — | 10,441,111 | 10,441,111 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of Ripple Warrants | — | — | — | — | 5,948,895 | 5,948,895 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Release for restricted stock units | — | — | — | — | 2,419,079 | 1,877,434 | 541,645 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of Second Lien Warrants | — | — | — | — | 965,156 | 964,212 | 944 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock repurchases | — | — | — | — | — | (1,023,209) | 1,023,209 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | 200,000 | — | — | 162,500,000 | 92,305,011 | 90,725,982 | 1,579,029 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Participation Agreement between the Investors and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. — Goldman Sachs (the "Investor") has a Participation Agreement with Walmart Inc. ("Walmart"), under which the Investor is obligated to pay Walmart certain percentages of any accumulated cash payments received by the Investor in excess of the Investor's original investment in the Company. While the Company is not a party to and has no obligations to Walmart or additional obligations to the Investor under, the Participation Agreement, the Company must recognize the Participation Agreement in its Consolidated Financial Statements as the Company indirectly benefits from the agreement. Any future payments by the Investor to Walmart may result in an expense that could be material to the Company's financial position or results of operations but would have no impact on the Company's cash flows. As liquidity events are dependent on many external factors and uncertainties, the Company does not consider a liquidity event to be probable at this time for the Investor and has not recognized any further liability or expense related to the Participation Agreement.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss — The following table details the components of "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Net unrealized gains on securities classified as available-for-sale, net of tax | $ | 1.5 | $ | 1.2 | ||||||||||
| Cumulative non-U.S. dollar translation adjustments, net of tax | (28.9) | (20.9) | ||||||||||||
| Pension and postretirement benefits adjustments, net of tax | (35.4) | (38.7) | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | $ | (62.8) | $ | (58.4) | ||||||||||
F-34
The following table is a summary of the changes to Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component:
| (Amounts in millions) | Net Unrealized Gains on Securities Classified as Available-for-sale, Net of Tax | Cumulative non-U.S. dollar Translation Adjustments, Net of Tax | Pension and Postretirement Benefits Adjustment, Net of Tax | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 1, 2019 | $ | 1.9 | $ | (24.2) | $ | (45.2) | $ | (67.5) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2018-02 | — | (3.7) | (11.4) | (15.1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income before reclassification | (0.3) | (0.2) | (6.6) | (7.1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | — | — | 26.2 | 26.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net current year other comprehensive income | (0.3) | (0.2) | 19.6 | 19.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2019 | 1.6 | (28.1) | (37.0) | (63.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income before reclassification | (0.4) | 7.2 | (3.4) | 3.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | — | — | 1.7 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net current year other comprehensive income | (0.4) | 7.2 | (1.7) | 5.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | 1.2 | (20.9) | (38.7) | (58.4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss before reclassification | 0.3 | (8.0) | 1.4 | (6.3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | — | — | 1.9 | 1.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net current year other comprehensive loss | 0.3 | (8.0) | 3.3 | (4.4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | $ | 1.5 | $ | (28.9) | $ | (35.4) | $ | (62.8) | ||||||||||||||||||
In 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2018-02 and elected to reclassify the stranded tax effects resulting from the TCJA, which changed the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate on the gross deferred tax amounts and related valuation allowances, among other things. The effect from the rate change resulted in a Pension and Postretirement Benefits adjustment reclassification of $11.4 million from "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" to "Retained loss." Additionally, the Company reclassified $3.7 million from cumulative non-U.S. dollar translation adjustment to "Retained loss" related to the rate reduction associated with the taxation of the Company's foreign subsidiaries.
Note 13 — Stock-Based Compensation
The MoneyGram International, Inc. 2005 Omnibus Incentive Plan ("2005 Plan") provides for the granting of equity-based compensation awards, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards (collectively, "share-based awards") to officers, employees and directors. In May 2015, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2005 Plan increasing the aggregate number of shares that may be issued from 12,925,000 to 15,425,000 shares. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has remaining authorization to issue future grants of up to 4,106,694 shares.
The calculated fair value of share-based awards is recognized as compensation cost using the straight-line method over the vesting or service period in the Company's financial statements. Stock-based compensation is recognized only for those share-based awards expected to vest, with forfeitures estimated at the date of grant and evaluated and adjusted periodically to reflect the Company's historical experience and future expectations. Any change in the forfeiture assumption will be accounted for as a change in estimate, with the cumulative effect of the change on periods previously reported being reflected in the financial statements of the period in which the change is made.
F-35
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $7.3 million, $6.6 million and $7.9 million for the years ended December 31 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, all of which related to restricted stock units.
Stock Options — All outstanding option awards were granted with an exercise price equal to the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. All outstanding stock option award agreements contain certain forfeiture and non-compete provisions.
There were no options granted in 2021, 2020 or 2019. All options granted in 2014, 2013 and 2012 have a term of 10 years. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2011, options granted were either time-based, vesting over a four-year period, or performance-based, vesting over a five-year period. All options issued after the fourth quarter of 2011 are time-based, with options granted in the fourth quarter of 2011 through the first part of 2014 vesting over a four-year period, and the remaining options granted in 2014 vesting over a three-year period, in an equal number of shares each year.
The following table is a summary of the Company's stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2021:
| (Dollar amounts in millions) | Shares | Weighted-Average Exercise Price | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Options outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 277,962 | $ | 19.58 | 1.8 years | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited/Expired | (146,809) | 21.39 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Options outstanding, vested or expected to vest, and exercisable at December 31, 2021 | 131,153 | $ | 17.54 | 1.4 years | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
There were no options exercised in 2021, 2020 or 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company had no unrecognized stock option expense related to outstanding options.
Restricted Stock Units — In 2021, the Company granted time-based and performance-based restricted stock units. In 2020 and in 2019, the Company granted only time-based restricted stock units. The time-based restricted stock units vest in three equal installments on each anniversary of the grant date. The performance-based restricted stock units are subject to performance conditions and a one-year performance period. When and if the conditions are satisfied at the end of the one-year performance period, vesting of the performance-based restricted stock units are subject only to the passage of time and vest in three equal installments on each anniversary of the grant date.
For purposes of determining the fair value of restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units, the fair value is calculated based on the stock price at the time of grant. For performance-based restricted stock units, expense is recognized if achievement of the performance goal is deemed probable, with the amount of expense recognized based on the Company's best estimate of the ultimate achievement level. For grants to employees, expense is recognized in the "Compensation and benefits" line and expense for grants to Non-Employee Directors is recorded in the "Transaction and operations support" line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations using the straight-line method over the vesting period.
The following table is a summary of the Company's restricted stock unit activity as of December 31, 2021:
| (Dollar amounts in millions) | Total Shares | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock units outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 5,158,235 | $ | 2.62 | 0.95 years | $ | 28.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 1,969,879 | 5.60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | (2,345,818) | 2.97 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (677,749) | 2.75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock units outstanding at December 31, 2021 | 4,104,547 | $ | 3.82 | 0.86 years | $ | 32.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock units vested and deferred at December 31, 2021 | 156,058 | $ | 3.84 | $ | 1.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
F-36
The following table is a summary of the Company's restricted stock unit compensation information for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average grant-date fair value of restricted stock units vested during the year | $ | 7.0 | $ | 7.5 | $ | 10.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Total intrinsic value of vested and converted shares | $ | 16.1 | $ | 2.9 | $ | 3.2 | ||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2021, the Company's outstanding restricted stock units had unrecognized compensation expense of $9.7 million with a remaining weighted-average vesting period of 1.4 years. Unrecognized restricted stock unit expense and the remaining weighted-average vesting period are presented using the Company's current estimate of achievement of performance goals.
Note 14 — Income Taxes
The following table is a summary of the components of income (loss) before income taxes for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | $ | (49.8) | $ | (0.3) | $ | (76.5) | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign | 6.2 | 6.4 | 12.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) income before income taxes | $ | (43.6) | $ | 6.1 | $ | (64.3) | ||||||||||||||
Foreign income consists of income from the Company's international subsidiaries. Most of the Company's wholly-owned subsidiaries recognize revenue based solely on services agreements with the primary U.S. operating subsidiary. The following table is a summary of the income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Current: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Federal | $ | 0.1 | $ | (1.4) | $ | (0.2) | ||||||||||||||
| State | (2.7) | 2.1 | 1.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | 5.7 | 4.2 | 8.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Current income tax expense | 3.1 | 4.9 | 9.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Federal | (6.6) | 7.1 | (10.4) | |||||||||||||||||
| State | (0.3) | 1.9 | (1.9) | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | (1.9) | 0.1 | (1.2) | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax (benefit) expense | (8.8) | 9.1 | (13.5) | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | $ | (5.7) | $ | 14.0 | $ | (4.0) | ||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had tax payable of $16.2 million and $23.7 million, respectively and tax receivable of $2.5 million and $7.4 million, respectively. Tax payable and tax receivable are recorded within "Accounts payable and other liabilities" and "Other assets", respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
F-37
The following table is a reconciliation of the expected federal income tax (benefit) expense at statutory rates to the actual income tax (benefit) expense for the years ended in December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense at statutory federal income tax rate | $ | (9.2) | $ | 1.3 | $ | (13.5) | ||||||||||||||
| Tax effect of: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| State income tax, net of federal income tax effect | (0.6) | (0.4) | (1.3) | |||||||||||||||||
| Valuation allowances | 1.7 | 12.0 | 2.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| International taxes | 1.0 | 1.5 | 3.4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other net permanent differences | 5.3 | 1.8 | 1.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. general business credits | (2.6) | (3.6) | (2.4) | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in unrecognized tax benefits | (1.7) | 2.4 | 1.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | (0.3) | 0.7 | 3.8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Impact from the TCJA | — | — | 1.1 | |||||||||||||||||
| BEAT | — | (0.6) | — | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. taxation of foreign earnings | 0.5 | (1.1) | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | 0.2 | — | (0.7) | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | $ | (5.7) | $ | 14.0 | $ | (4.0) | ||||||||||||||
The following table is a summary of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Basis difference in revalued investments | $ | 50.4 | $ | 54.0 | ||||||||||
| Tax loss carryovers | 22.5 | 24.4 | ||||||||||||
| Tax credit carryovers | 17.7 | 15.6 | ||||||||||||
| Postretirement benefits and other employee benefits | 5.4 | 8.4 | ||||||||||||
| Bad debt and other reserves | 1.6 | 2.2 | ||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | 10.9 | 12.0 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation & amortization | 12.3 | 11.6 | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense carryovers | 16.3 | 1.3 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 5.4 | 7.5 | ||||||||||||
| Valuation allowances | (82.0) | (81.2) | ||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | 60.5 | 55.8 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liability: | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization and other | (64.0) | (66.0) | ||||||||||||
| Lease right-of-use assets | (10.2) | (11.0) | ||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax liability | (74.2) | (77.0) | ||||||||||||
| Net deferred tax liability | $ | (13.7) | $ | (21.2) | ||||||||||
The Company offsets deferred tax asset positions with deferred tax liability positions based on right to offset in each respective tax jurisdiction. As of December 31, 2021, net deferred tax asset positions of $6.0 million were included within "Other assets" and net deferred tax liability positions of $19.7 million were included within "Accounts payable and other liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2020, net deferred tax asset positions of $4.6 million were reflected within "Other assets" and net deferred tax liability positions of $25.8 million were included within "Accounts payable and other liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The valuation allowances as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, primarily relate to basis differences in revalued investments, capital loss carryovers, U.S. tax credit carryovers and certain state and foreign tax loss carryovers. The net $0.8 million increase in our valuation allowances is based on our more likely than not assessment that $1.7 million of our U.S. tax credits, U.S. capital loss carryovers and certain state net-operating loss carryovers will expire prior to utilization, offset by a $0.8 million decrease for expired capital losses and currency fluctuations with corresponding adjustments to the respective deferred tax asset and a decrease of $0.1 million in market valuations adjusted through other comprehensive income.
F-38
The following table is a summary of the amounts and expiration dates of tax loss carry-forwards (not tax effected) and credit carry-forwards as of December 31, 2021:
| (Amounts in millions) | Expiration Date | Amount | ||||||||||||
| U.S. capital loss carry-forwards | 2022 - 2026 | $ | 46.9 | |||||||||||
| U.S. net operating loss carry-forwards | 2025 - Indefinite | $ | 17.3 | |||||||||||
| U.S. tax credit carry-forwards | 2024- 2041 | $ | 17.7 | |||||||||||
| U.S. interest expense carry-forwards | Indefinite | $ | 75.9 | |||||||||||
Unrecognized tax benefits are recorded within "Accounts payable and other liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table is a reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | 19.7 | $ | 18.2 | $ | 17.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Additions based on tax positions related to prior years | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Additions based on tax positions related to current year | 0.6 | 0.6 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Settlements with cash or attributes | (2.3) | — | (0.1) | |||||||||||||||||
| Reductions for tax positions of prior years and other | (4.8) | — | (0.5) | |||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | 14.7 | $ | 19.7 | $ | 18.2 | ||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the liability for unrecognized tax benefits was $14.7 million, $19.7 million and $18.2 million, respectively, exclusive of interest and penalties. For 2021, 2020 and 2019, the net amount of unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would impact the effective tax rate was $14.7 million , $19.7 million and $18.2 million, respectively. The Company accrues interest and penalties for unrecognized tax benefits through "Income tax (benefit) expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For 2021, the Company's liability for interest and penalties decreased by $2.0 million, which was comprised of a net increase in the accrual of $0.1 million offset by cash payments of $2.1 million. For 2020 and 2019, the Company’s accrual for interest and penalties increased by $1.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had a liability of $7.4 million and $9.4 million, respectively, accrued for interest and penalties within "Accounts payable and other liabilities." As a result of the Company's completion of its litigation related to its securities losses discussed in more detail in Note 15 — Commitments and Contingencies, the Company is anticipating a $3.0 million decrease to the total amount of state related unrecognized tax benefits by way of cash or attribute settlements over the next 12 months.
Note 15 — Commitments and Contingencies
Letters of Credit — At December 31, 2021, the Company had no borrowings and no outstanding letters of credit under the Revolving Credit Facility.
Legal Proceedings — The matters set forth below are subject to uncertainties and outcomes that are not predictable. The Company accrues for these matters as any resulting losses become probable and can be reasonably estimated. Further, the Company maintains insurance coverage for many claims and litigation matters. In relation to various legal matters, including those described below, the Company had $15.8 million and $57.0 million of liability recorded in "Accounts payable and other liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, as further discussed within Government Investigations below. For the year 2021, $13.8 million was recorded for legal proceedings and a nominal charge for the years 2020 and 2019 within "Transaction and operations support" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
F-39
Litigation Commenced Against the Company:
Class Action Securities Litigation — On November 14, 2018, a putative securities class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois against MoneyGram and certain of its executive officers. The lawsuit asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and alleges that MoneyGram made material misrepresentations regarding its compliance with the stipulated order for permanent injunction and final judgment that MoneyGram entered into with the FTC in October 2009 and with the DPA that MoneyGram entered into with the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Middle District of Pennsylvania and the U.S. Department of Justice in November 2012. The lawsuit seeks unspecified damages, equitable relief, interest and costs and attorneys' fees. The Company believes the case is without merit and is vigorously defending this matter. On May 16, 2019, MoneyGram filed a motion to dismiss which the court has yet to rule upon. We are unable to predict the outcome, or the possible loss or range of loss, if any, related to this matter.
Books and Records Requests — The Company has received multiple requests from various putative shareholders for inspection of books and records pursuant to Section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law relating to the subject matter of the putative class lawsuit described in the preceding paragraphs. On February 26, 2019, two of these shareholders filed a petition in the Delaware Court of Chancery to compel MoneyGram to produce books and records in accordance with their request but have since dismissed their action. We are unable to predict the outcome, or the possible loss or range of loss, if any, related to these matters.
It is possible that additional shareholder lawsuits could be filed relating to the subject matter of the above putative class action and Section 220 books and records requests.
Other Matters — The Company is involved in various other claims and litigation that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of the Company's business. Management does not believe that after final disposition any of these matters is likely to have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Government Investigations:
On June 9, 2021, the Government filed an Amended Unopposed Motion to Dismiss that provided additional details about the Company’s satisfaction of its obligations under the DPA and enhancements to the Company’s compliance program. On June 10, 2021, the United States Judge for the Middle District of Pennsylvania signed an Order dismissing the criminal information with prejudice, which effectively discharged the Government’s criminal case against the Company and officially ended the matter.
NYDFS — On June 22, 2018, the Company received a request for production of documents from the New York Department of Financial Services (the "NYDFS") related to the subject of the DPA and FTC matters described above. This request followed previous inquiries by the NYDFS regarding certain of our New York based agents. Following the June 22, 2018 request for production, the Company received and responded to several inquiries from the NYDFS related to this matter and continues to meet with the NYDFS to discuss the matter. While the Company and NYDFS have not reached an agreed resolution on this matter, the parties have begun to discuss a potential settlement that would include a monetary penalty, subject to agreement on terms of a consent order. Based on the progress of recent settlement negotiations, we accrued an additional $8.3 million as our best estimate to settle this matter.
CFPB — On February 12, 2020, the Company received a Report of Examination ("ROE") from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") stating that previous findings from a 2019 exam were not remediated, and the matter would be referred to its Enforcement Unit. On March 18, 2020, the Company received a Civil Investigative Demand ("CID") from the CFPB's Enforcement Unit. On June 11, 2020, the Company provided a timely response to the ROE describing the remedial actions taken and that the findings have been substantially remediated. On August 21, 2020, the Company completed its production in response to the CID. On February 25, 2021, the CFPB provided MoneyGram with a Notice and Opportunity to Respond and Advise ("NORA") letter, documenting the CFPB's intent to take legal action against MoneyGram based on four alleged violations under the Remittance Rule, the Electronic Fund Transfer Act and the Consumer Financial Protection Act. MoneyGram provided the CFPB with its written response to the NORA letter on March 17, 2021 and continues to confer with the CFPB concerning the matter. While the Company and the CFPB have not reached an agreed resolution on this matter, the parties have begun to discuss a potential settlement that would include a monetary penalty, subject to agreement on terms of a proposed stipulated order. Based on the progress of recent settlement negotiations, we accrued $7.5 million as our best estimate to settle this matter.
Other Matters — The Company is involved in various other government inquiries and other matters that arise from time to time. Management does not believe that after final disposition any of these other matters is likely to have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
F-40
Actions Commenced by the Company:
Tax Litigation — The IRS completed its examination of the Company's consolidated income tax returns through 2013 and issued Notices of Deficiency for 2005-2007 and 2009 and an Examination Report for 2008. The Notices of Deficiency and Examination Report disallow, among other items, approximately $900.0 million of ordinary deductions on securities losses in the 2007, 2008 and 2009 tax returns. In May 2012 and December 2012, the Company filed petitions in the U.S. Tax Court ("Tax Court") challenging the 2005-2007 and 2009 Notices of Deficiency, respectively. In 2013, the Company reached a partial settlement with the IRS allowing ordinary loss treatment on $186.9 million of deductions in dispute. In January 2015, the Tax Court granted the IRS's motion for summary judgment upholding the remaining adjustments in the Notices of Deficiency. The Company filed a notice of appeal with the Tax Court on July 27, 2015 for an appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ("Fifth Circuit"). Oral arguments were held before the Fifth Circuit on June 7, 2016, and on November 15, 2016, the Fifth Circuit vacated the Tax Court’s decision and remanded the case to the Tax Court for further proceedings. The Company filed a motion for summary judgment in the Tax Court on May 31, 2017. On August 23, 2017, the IRS filed a motion for summary judgment and its response to the Company’s motion for summary judgment. The Tax Court directed the parties to agree to a joint stipulation of facts, which the parties filed with the court. Each party filed updated memorandums in support of its motions for summary judgment in the Tax Court. The Tax Court held oral arguments on this matter on September 9, 2019 and the Tax Court issued an opinion on December 3, 2019 denying the Company’s motion for summary judgment. MoneyGram then filed a Notice of Appeal to the Fifth Circuit on February 21, 2020. Oral arguments were held before a Fifth Circuit panel of judges on March 1, 2021, and the panel affirmed the Tax Court findings on June 1, 2021. As a result of the Fifth Circuit decision, the Company has decided to no longer pursue a remedy for the tax litigation and has determined that it is appropriate to file amended state returns which we expect will require the Company to make additional cash payments estimated to be $13.5 million for various state taxes on amounts that have previously been accrued.
The Company's previous reassessment resulted in the Company determining that it is no longer more likely than not that its existing position will be sustained. Accordingly, the Company re-characterized certain deductions relating to securities losses to be capital in nature, rather than ordinary. The Company recorded a full valuation allowance against these losses in the quarter ended March 31, 2015. This change increased "Income tax expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the quarter ended March 31, 2015 by $63.7 million. During 2015, the Company made payments to the IRS of $61.0 million for federal tax payments and associated interest related to the matter. Neither the November 2016 Fifth Circuit decision to remand the case back to the Tax Court nor the 2021 Fifth Circuit affirmation of the Tax Court findings changed the Company’s assessment regarding the likelihood of whether these deductions would ultimately be sustained. Accordingly, no change in the valuation allowance was made for this matter as of December 31, 2021.
Note 16 — Loss Per Common Share
The following table is a reconciliation of the weighted-average amounts used in calculating loss per share for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted common shares outstanding | 89.7 | 77.8 | 71.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Potential common shares issuable to employees upon exercise or conversion of shares under the Company's stock-based compensation plans, and upon exercise of the Ripple Warrants are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share when the effect would be anti-dilutive. All potential common shares are anti-dilutive in periods of net loss available to common stockholders. Stock options are anti-dilutive when the exercise price of these instruments is greater than the average market price of the Company's common stock for the period, regardless of whether the Company is in a period of net income available to common shareholders.
The following table summarizes the weighted-average potential common shares excluded from diluted loss per common share as their effect would be anti-dilutive:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares related to stock options | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares related to restricted stock units | 4.2 | 4.5 | 2.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares related to Ripple warrants | 1.1 | 6.0 | 1.4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares excluded from the computation | 5.5 | 10.8 | 5.0 | |||||||||||||||||
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Note 17 — Segment Information
The Company's reporting segments are primarily organized based on the nature of products and services offered and the type of consumer served. The Company has two reporting segments: GFT and FPP. See Note 1 — Description of the Business and Basis of Presentation for further discussion on our segments. Walmart is our only agent, for both the GFT and FPP segments, that accounts for more than 10% of total revenue. In 2021, Walmart accounted for 11% of total revenue, 13% in 2020 and 16% in 2019.
The Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker reviews segment gross profit to assess segment performance and allocate resources. Segment accounting policies are the same as those described in Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Investment revenue is allocated to each segment based on the average investable balances generated by that segment's sale of payment instruments during the period.
The following table is a summary of the total revenue by segment for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
GFT revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Money transfer revenue | $ | 1,188.3 | $ | 1,104.7 | $ | 1,123.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Bill payment revenue | 40.5 | 46.2 | 59.4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total GFT revenue | 1,228.8 | 1,150.9 | 1,183.3 | |||||||||||||||||
| FPP revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Money order revenue | 40.9 | 43.4 | 53.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Official check revenue | 13.9 | 22.9 | 48.8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total FPP revenue | 54.8 | 66.3 | 101.8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 1,283.6 | $ | 1,217.2 | $ | 1,285.1 | ||||||||||||||
The following table is a summary of the gross profit by segment and detail of the loss (income) before income taxes for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| GFT gross profit | $ | 545.6 | $ | 501.6 | $ | 545.4 | ||||||||||||||
FPP gross profit (1) | 53.9 | 62.6 | 77.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total gross profit | 599.5 | 564.2 | 622.9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 525.8 | 461.2 | 570.9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total operating income | 73.7 | 103.0 | 52.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 69.5 | 92.4 | 77.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 44.1 | — | 2.4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expense | 3.7 | 4.5 | 36.9 | |||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) income before income taxes | $ | (43.6) | $ | 6.1 | $ | (64.3) | ||||||||||||||
(1) In periods of extremely low interest rates, it is possible for commissions to be close to zero, resulting in abnormally high gross margin.
The following table is a summary of depreciation and amortization expense by segment for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| GFT | $ | 51.3 | $ | 57.3 | $ | 65.8 | ||||||||||||||
| FPP | 5.7 | 7.1 | 8.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total depreciation and amortization | $ | 57.0 | $ | 64.4 | $ | 73.8 | ||||||||||||||
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The following table is a summary of capital expenditures by segment for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| GFT | $ | 38.3 | $ | 31.5 | $ | 50.5 | ||||||||||||||
| FPP | 4.3 | 3.9 | 6.1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total capital expenditures | $ | 42.6 | $ | 35.4 | $ | 56.6 | ||||||||||||||
The following table sets forth assets by segment as of December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| GFT | $ | 1,269.5 | $ | 1,397.2 | ||||||||||
| FPP | 3,169.8 | 3,247.4 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 37.2 | 29.5 | ||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 4,476.5 | $ | 4,674.1 | ||||||||||
Revenue by geographic area — International revenues are defined as revenues generated from money transfer and bill payment transactions originating in a country other than the U.S. There are no individual countries from which the Company generates revenues, other than the U.S., that exceed 10% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. The following table details total revenue by major geographic area for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | $ | 543.9 | $ | 543.8 | $ | 611.4 | ||||||||||||||
| International | 739.7 | 673.4 | 673.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 1,283.6 | $ | 1,217.2 | $ | 1,285.1 | ||||||||||||||
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Note 18 — Revenue Recognition
The following table is a summary of the Company's revenue streams disaggregated by services and products for each segment and timing of revenue recognition for such services and products excluding other revenue for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| GFT revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Money transfer fee revenue | $ | 1,160.0 | $ | 1,083.4 | $ | 1,102.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Bill payment services fee revenue | 40.5 | 46.2 | 59.4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other revenue | 28.3 | 21.3 | 21.8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total GFT fee and other revenue | $ | 1,228.8 | $ | 1,150.9 | $ | 1,183.3 | ||||||||||||||
| FPP revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Money order fee revenue | 6.3 | 7.3 | 8.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Official check outsourcing services fee revenue | 7.1 | 7.4 | 8.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other revenue | 33.6 | 31.6 | 29.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total FPP fee and other revenue | 47.0 | 46.3 | 47.1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investment revenue | 7.8 | 20.0 | 54.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 1,283.6 | $ | 1,217.2 | $ | 1,285.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Timing of revenue recognition: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Services and products transferred at a point in time | $ | 1,206.8 | $ | 1,137.0 | $ | 1,170.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Products transferred over time | 7.1 | 7.4 | 8.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue from services and products | 1,213.9 | 1,144.4 | 1,178.9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investment revenue | 7.8 | 20.0 | 54.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other revenue | 61.9 | 52.8 | 51.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 1,283.6 | $ | 1,217.2 | $ | 1,285.1 | ||||||||||||||
See Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for the Company's accounting policies on revenue recognition. Due to the short-term nature of the Company's services and products, the amount of contract assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, is negligible. Assets for unsettled money transfers, money orders and consumer payments are included within "Settlement assets" with a corresponding liability recorded within "Payment service obligations" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For more information on these assets and liabilities see Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
Note 19 — Leases
The Company's leases consist primarily of operating leases for buildings, equipment and vehicles. Finance leases are immaterial. The ROU asset and the lease liability are calculated based on the remaining minimum rental payments under current leasing standards for existing operating leases. The reduction in the carrying amount of the ROU asset and changes in the lease liability are presented within "Operating activities" on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We elected the package of practical expedients, which permitted us to not reassess our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs under the new standard. We did not elect the use of the hindsight practical expedient or the practical expedient pertaining to land easements, as the latter was not applicable to us. We also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. This means, for those leases that qualify, we did not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities. The Company elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for our real estate and vehicle leases.
The Company's various noncancellable operating leases for buildings, equipment and vehicles terminate through 2030. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the leases had a weighted-average remaining lease term of 7.1 years and 7.3 years, respectively. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company utilized the portfolio approach in determining the discount rate. The portfolios were grouped based on lease type and geographical location. The Company considered the
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most relevant major interest rate in the specific geographical location such as the Prime Rate in the U.S. and U.K. or the collateralized interest rate for non-financial institutions of the European Central Bank. These rates were then adjusted for the Company's specific credit ratings or economic conditions and lease terms of the specific portfolio. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the weighted-average discount rate was 5.3% and 5.7%, respectively.
The Company recognizes rent expense for operating leases under the straight-line method over the term of the lease where differences between the monthly cash payments and the lease expense are offset to the ROU asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Lease expense for buildings and equipment is included within "Occupancy, equipment and supplies" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, while lease expense for our vehicles is included within "Compensation and benefits." Some of the Company's building leases include rent expense that is associated with an index or a rate. Subsequent changes from the original index or rate would be treated as variable lease expense. Furthermore, future changes to the non-lease components of our real estate and vehicle leases will be treated as variable lease expenses.
The following table is a summary of the Company's lease expense for its operating leases for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
Buildings, equipment and vehicle leases | $ | 13.3 | $ | 15.0 | $ | 15.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Short-term and variable lease cost | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.7 | |||||||||||||||||
Total lease cost | $ | 14.4 | $ | 16.2 | $ | 17.5 | ||||||||||||||
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows for the years ended December 31:
| (Amounts in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities | $ | 13.7 | $ | 15.3 | $ | 15.8 | ||||||||||||||
| ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations | $ | 10.1 | $ | 15.0 | $ | 11.6 | ||||||||||||||
Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021 were as follows:
| (Amounts in millions) | Future Minimum Lease Payments | |||||||
| 2022 | $ | 11.2 | ||||||
| 2023 | 9.7 | |||||||
| 2024 | 9.7 | |||||||
| 2025 | 9.3 | |||||||
| 2026 | 7.6 | |||||||
| Thereafter | 21.2 | |||||||
| Total | 68.7 | |||||||
| Less: present value discount | (12.4) | |||||||
| Lease liability - operating | $ | 56.3 | ||||||
Note 20 — Related Parties
On March 7, 2021, the Company and Ripple signed an agreement to terminate, effective immediately, the commercial agreement between the parties that was originally entered into in June of 2019. The Company had ceased transacting under the commercial agreement in early December 2020. The Company did not resume transacting under the commercial agreement from that period through the termination date and as such, did not receive any market development fees in 2021.
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Note 21 — Subsequent Events
The Merger Agreement provides that, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company. Following the Merger the Company will become a subsidiary of Parent. At the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of common stock will be automatically canceled and converted into the right to receive $11.00 in cash. Consummation of the Merger is subject to the satisfaction or, if permitted by law, waiver by Parent, the Company or both of a number of conditions, including, among other things, (a) approval of the Merger Agreement by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock, (b) expiration or termination of applicable waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, (c) the receipt of required approvals with respect to money transmitter licenses and applicable foreign investment and competition laws, (d) the absence of any material adverse effect on the Company's business and (e) other customary closing conditions. The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights for the parties, including the right of the parties, subject to specified limitations, to terminate the Merger Agreement if the Merger is not consummated by February 13, 2023, although the End Date may be extended to May 14, 2023 in certain circumstances to obtain required money transfer approvals. The terms of the Merger Agreement did not impact the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021.
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