UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
þ
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED January 31, 2011
 
OR
 
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM              TO              
 
Commission File Number 001-34600
 
OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC .
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
 
26-2593535
(State of incorporation)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
ONE Copley Parkway, Suite 490, Morrisville, NC 27560
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(919) 855-2100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

2530 Meridian Parkway, Suite 3084, Durham, NC 27713
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   þ      No   ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes   ¨     No   ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer þ
       
Non-accelerated filer
o
Smaller reporting company
þ
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)      
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ¨     No   þ
 
As of March 14, 2011, the registrant had outstanding 23,392,245 shares of Common Stock.

 
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
     
PAGE
 
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
     
       
Item 1.
    3  
      3  
      4  
      5  
      7  
Item 2.
    21  
Item 3.
    35  
Item 4.
    35  
Item 4.T Controls and Procedures        
           
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
       
         
Item 1.
    36  
Item 1A.
    36  
Item 2.
    43  
Item 3.
    43  
Item 4.
    43  
Item 5.
    43  
Item 6.
    44  

 
2

 
 
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
(a development stage enterprise)
 
BALANCE SHEET

   
January 31, 2011
(Unaudited)
   
April 30, 2010
 
ASSETS
           
Current assets
           
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 522,340     $ 632,706  
Accounts receivable
    7,812       72,055  
Inventory
    409,430       535,090  
Prepaid expenses
    340,065       249,780  
Other current assets
    36,607       695,195  
Total current assets
    1,316,254       2,184,826  
Property and equipment, net
    439,627       383,959  
Intangible assets, net
    967,612       907,710  
Other assets
    129,740       52,651  
Total assets
  $ 2,853,233     $ 3,529,146  
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Current liabilities
               
Accounts payable
  $ 724,114     $ 499,044  
Accrued liabilities
    910,758       843,903  
Notes payable
    69,825       56,394  
Total current liabilities
    1,704,697       1,399,341  
Long-term notes payable, net
    2,041,694       -  
Long-term portion of convertible debt, net
    -       2,767  
Total liabilities
    3,746,391       1,402,108  
                 
                 
                 
Stockholders' equity
               
Preferred stock, undesignated, authorized 10,000,000 shares; none issued or outstanding
    -       -  
Common stock, par value $.0001 per share; authorized 400,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 23,391,714 and 21,457,265, respectively
    2,339       2,146  
Stock subscripton receivable
    -       500,000  
Additional paid-in capital
    88,170,504       83,092,470  
Deficit accumulated during the development stage
    (89,066,001 )     (81,467,578 )
Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity
    (893,158 )     2,127,038  
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
  $ 2,853,233     $ 3,529,146  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
 
 
3

 
 
OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
(a development stage enterprise)
 
 
 
   
Period from
May 26, 1967 (Inception) to
January 31, 2011
   
Three months ended January 31,
   
Nine months ended January 31,
 
         
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
 
Revenue
  $ 167,179     $ 52,562     $ 30,768     $ 95,543     $ 37,329  
Cost of sales
    87,022       25,973       18,603       36,718       18,603  
Net revenue
    80,157       26,589       12,165       58,825       18,726  
                                         
Operating expenses
                                       
Selling, general, and administrative
    38,812,279       2,282,823       1,753,715       5,677,105       5,478,927  
Research and development
    19,090,353       498,521       1,011,061       2,216,413       2,169,435  
Loss on impairment of long-lived assets
    32,113       -       -       -       -  
Total operating expenses
    57,934,745       2,781,344       2,764,776       7,893,518       7,648,362  
                                         
Net operating loss
    57,854,588       2,754,755       2,752,611       7,834,693       7,629,636  
                                         
Interest expense
    32,189,628       43,093       2,612       49,682       153,311  
Loss on extinguishment of debt
    250,097       -       -       -       -  
Other income
    (1,228,312 )     (253,661 )     (1,511 )     (285,952 )     (43,345 )
Net loss
  $ 89,066,001     $ 2,544,187     $ 2,753,712     $ 7,598,423     $ 7,739,602  
                                         
Net loss per share, basic and diluted
          $ (0.11 )   $ (0.13 )   $ (0.33 )   $ (0.41 )
                                         
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted
            23,391,155       20,614,082       23,331,614       18,845,881  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
 
 
4

 
 
OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
(a development stage enterprise)
 
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
 
   
Period from
May 26, 1967
             
    (Inception) to    
Nine months ended January 31,
 
    January 31, 2011     2011    
2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
                 
Net Loss
  $ (89,066,001 )   $ (7,598,423 )   $ (7,739,602 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    1,808,162       255,057       91,273  
Amortization of deferred compensation
    336,750       -       -  
Interest on debt instruments
    31,796,755       49,681       151,723  
Loss (gain) on debt settlement and extinguishment
    163,097       -       -  
Loss on impairment, disposal and write down of long-lived assets
    365,611       -       -  
Issuance and vesting of compensatory stock options and warrants
    8,209,870       111,802       1,037,476  
Issuance of common stock below market value
    695,248       -       -  
Issuance of common stock as compensation
    551,910       56,318       138,798  
Issuance of common stock for services rendered
    1,265,279       -       -  
Issuance of note payable for services rendered
    120,000       -       -  
Contributions of capital through services rendered by stockholders
    216,851       -       -  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
                       
Accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets
    (662,508 )     95,139       (647,368 )
Inventory
    85,978       85,978       -  
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    1,841,426       291,920       673,663  
Net cash used in operating activities
    (42,271,572 )     (6,652,528 )     (6,294,037 )
                         
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
                       
Purchase of property and equipment
    (1,690,776 )     (187,509 )     (174,549 )
Capitalization of patent costs and license rights
    (1,474,342 )     (183,118 )     (208,122 )
Net cash used in investing activities
    (3,165,118 )     (370,627 )     (382,671 )
                         
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
                       
Proceeds from sale of common stock and exercise of stock options and warrants, net of related expenses and payments
    35,744,664       4,901,400       9,792,725  
Repurchase of outstanding warrants
    (2,836,520 )     -       (2,836,520 )
Proceeds from stockholder notes payable
    977,692       -       -  
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable, net of issuance costs
    4,379,829       2,088,701       96,563  
Proceeds from convertible notes, net of issuance costs
    8,807,285       -       -  
Payments on notes - short-term
    (1,113,920 )     (77,312 )     (55,531 )
Net cash provided by financing activities
    45,959,030       6,912,789       6,997,237  
                         
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
    522,340       (110,366 )     320,529  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    -       632,706       2,555,872  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $ 522,340     $ 522,340     $ 2,876,401  
                         
Cash paid for:
                       
Interest
  $ 249,665     $ 2,262     $ 1,588  
Income taxes
  $ 27,528     $ -     $ -  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
 
 
5

 
 
OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
(a development stage enterprise)
 
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS, Continued
 
Non-cash financing activities during the nine months ended January 31, 2011:
 
(1)
The Company issued 90,472 shares of common stock for the conversion of notes payable with a gross carrying value of $335,199, at a conversion price of $3.705 per share. These notes included a discount totaling $117,488, and thus had a net carrying value of $217,711. The unamortized discount of $117,488 was recognized as interest expense upon conversion.
 
(2)
The Company issued 2,363,767 shares of common stock and paid $2,836,520 in cash to repurchase 4,727,564 outstanding warrants.
 
(3)
The Company initiated a 1-for-15 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock. The effect of this split resulted in a transfer of $27,681 from common stock to additional paid in capital to account for the reduction of shares outstanding at par value.
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
 
 
6

 

OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
(a development stage enterprise)
 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

 
NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
 
Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) was originally formed as a New Jersey corporation in 1967 under the name Rudmer, David & Associates, Inc., and subsequently changed its name to Synthetic Blood International, Inc. On June 17, 2008, the stockholders of Synthetic Blood International approved the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated April 28, 2008, between Synthetic Blood International and Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation. Oxygen Biotherapeutics was formed on April 17, 2008, by Synthetic Blood International to participate in the merger for the purpose of changing the state of domicile of Synthetic Blood International from New Jersey to Delaware. Certificates of Merger were filed with the states of New Jersey and Delaware and the merger was effective June 30, 2008. Under the Plan of Merger, Oxygen Biotherapeutics is the surviving corporation and each share of Synthetic Blood International common stock outstanding on June 30, 2008 was converted to one share of Oxygen Biotherapeutics common stock.
 
Going Concern The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. The Company has an accumulated deficit during the development stage of $89,066,001 and $81,467,578 at January 31, 2011 and April 30, 2010, respectively, and stockholders’ (deficit) equity of $(893,158) and $2,127,038 as of January 31, 2011 and April 30, 2010, respectively. The Company requires substantial additional funds to complete clinical trials and pursue regulatory approvals. Management is actively seeking additional sources of equity and/or debt financing; however, there is no assurance that any additional funding will be available.
 
In view of the matters described above, recoverability of a major portion of the recorded asset amounts shown in the accompanying January 31, 2011 balance sheet is dependent upon continued operations of the Company, which in turn is dependent upon the Company’s ability to meet its financing requirements on a continuing basis, to maintain present financing, and to generate cash from future operations. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in existence.
 
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The Company has prepared the accompanying interim financial statements in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these financial statements and accompanying notes do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that management believes are necessary for the fair statement of the balances and results for the periods presented. These interim financial statement results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year or any future interim period.

Reclassification
 
For comparability purposes, certain figures for prior periods have been reclassified, where appropriate, to conform with the financial statement presentation used in 2011. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported net loss.
 
 
7

 
 
Fair Value Measurements
 
Fair Value— On May 1, 2008, the Company adopted ASC 820 Fair Value Measurements, as it relates to financial assets and financial liabilities. The Company's balance sheet includes the following financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents, short-term notes payable and convertible debentures. The Company considers the carrying amount of its cash and cash equivalents and short-term notes payable to approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. It is not practical for the Company to estimate the fair value of its convertible debentures as such estimates cannot be made without incurring excessive costs, but management believes the difference between fair value and carrying value is not material. The significant terms of the Company's convertible debentures are described in Note 3. At January 31, 2011 the debentures had a carrying value of $7,195.
 
Net Loss per Share
 
Basic loss per share, which excludes antidilutive securities, is computed by dividing loss available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for that particular period. In contrast, diluted loss per share considers the potential dilution that could occur from other equity instruments that would increase the total number of outstanding shares of common stock. Such amounts include shares potentially issuable under outstanding options, warrants and convertible debentures. A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share follows.
 
 
   
Three months ended January 31,
   
Nine months ended January 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
Historical net loss per share:
                       
Numerator
                       
Net loss, as reported
  $ (2,544,187 )   $ (2,753,712 )   $ (7,598,423 )   $ (7,739,602 )
Less: Effect of amortization of interest expense on convertible notes
    -       -       -       -  
                                 
Net loss attributed to common stockholders (diluted)
    (2,544,187 )     (2,753,712 )     (7,598,423 )     (7,739,602 )
Denominator
                               
Weighted-average common shares outstanding
    23,391,155       20,614,082       23,331,614       18,845,881  
 Effect of dilutive securities
    -       -       -       -  
                                 
Denominator for diluted net loss per share
    23,391,155       20,614,082       23,331,614       18,845,881  
                                 
Basic and diluted net loss per share
  $ (0.11 )   $ (0.13 )   $ (0.33 )   $ (0.41 )
 
The following outstanding options, convertible note shares and warrants were excluded from the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect.
 
   
Nine months ended January 31,
   
Nine months ended January 31,
 
      2011       2010       2011       2010  
Options to purchase common stock
    855,181       1,070,038       855,181       1,070,038  
Convertible note shares outstanding
    1,942       4,502       1,942       4,502  
Warrants to purchase common stock
    4,026,352       3,342,024       4,026,352       3,342,024  
 
 
8

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
On April 29, 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”), No. 2010-17, Revenue Recognition—Milestone Method (Topic 605): Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). It establishes a revenue recognition model for contingent consideration that is payable upon the achievement of an uncertain future event, referred to as a milestone. The scope of the ASU is limited to research or development arrangements and requires an entity to record the milestone payment in its entirety in the period received if the milestone meets all the necessary criteria to be considered substantive. The ASU is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those fiscal years) beginning on or after June 15, 2010. Early application is permitted. Entities can apply this guidance prospectively to milestones achieved after adoption. However, retrospective application to all prior periods is also permitted. As a result, it is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal year 2012. The Company does not believe that the adoption of ASU 2010-17 will have a material impact on its financial statements.
 
In January 2010, the FASB issued guidance to amend the disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements as ASU 2010-06, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures . The guidance requires the disclosure of roll forward activities on purchases, sales, issuance, and settlements of the assets and liabilities measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 fair value measurements). The guidance will become effective for us with the reporting period beginning May 1, 2011. Other than requiring additional disclosures, we do not believe that the adoption of ASU 2010-06 will have a material impact on our financial statements.
 
In September 2009, the FASB ratified Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables issued as ASU 2009-13. ASU 2009-13 updates the existing multiple-element arrangements guidance currently included in ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition – Multiple-Element Arrangements . The revised guidance provides for two significant changes to the existing multiple-element arrangements guidance. The first relates to the determination of when the individual deliverables included in a multiple-element arrangement may be treated as separate units of accounting. This change is significant as it will likely result in the requirement to separate more deliverables within an arrangement, ultimately leading to less revenue deferral. The second change modifies the manner in which the transaction consideration is allocated across the separately identifiable deliverables. These changes are likely to result in earlier recognition of revenue for multiple-element arrangements than under previous guidance. ASU 2009-13 also significantly expands the disclosures required for multiple-element revenue arrangements. The revised multiple-element arrangements guidance will be effective for the first annual reporting period beginning on or after June 15, 2010, and may be applied retrospectively for all periods presented or prospectively to arrangements entered into or modified after the adoption date. Early adoption is permitted provided that the revised guidance is retroactively applied to the beginning of the year of adoption. If the guidance is adopted prospectively, certain transitional disclosures are required for each reporting period in the initial year of adoption. As a result, it is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal year 2012. The Company does not believe that the adoption of ASU 2009-13 will have a material impact on its financial statements.
 
NOTE 3. BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS
 
Inventory
 
The Company operates in an industry characterized by rapid improvements and changes to its technology and products. The introduction of new products by the Company or its competitors can result in its inventory being rendered obsolete or requiring it to sell items at a discount. The Company evaluates the recoverability of its inventory by reference to its internal estimates of future demands and product life cycles. If the Company incorrectly forecasts demand for its products or inadequately manages the introduction of new product lines, this could materially impact its financial statements by having excess inventory on hand. The Company's future estimates are subjective and actual results may vary. Management evaluated the Company's inventory and determined that, due to the results of on-going stability testing, the value of the clinical grade Oxycyte® is permanently impaired. The Company recorded $162,326 as a charge to Oxycyte development costs which is reflected in Research and Development costs for the nine month period ended January 31, 2011.

Inventories are recorded at cost using the First-In-First-Out (“FIFO”) method. Ending inventories are comprised of raw materials and direct costs of manufacturing and valued at the lower of cost or market. Inventories consisted of the following as of January 31, 2011 and April 30, 2010:
 
    January 31, 2011     April 30, 2010  
Raw materials
  $ 163,743     $ 310,315  
Work in process
    33,635       -  
Finished goods
    212,052       224,775  
      409,430     $ 535,090  
 
 
9

 
 
Property and equipment, net
 
Property and equipment consisted of the following as of January 31, 2011 and April 30, 2010:
 
   
January 31, 2011
   
April 30, 2010
 
Laboratory equipment
  $ 999,735     $ 980,025  
Office furniture and fixtures
    118,370       32,900  
Computer equipment and software
    129,662       53,921  
Leasehold improvements
    4,810       4,810  
      1,252,577       1,071,656  
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
    (812,950 )     (687,697 )
    $ 439,627     $ 383,959  
 
Depreciation and amortization expense was $48,750 and $25,250 for the three months ended January 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $131,840 and $56,595 for the nine months ended January 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Other assets
 
Other assets consisted of the following as of January 31, 2011 and April 30, 2010:
 
    January 31, 2011     April 30, 2010  
Reimbursable patent expenses- Glucometrics
  $ 77,089     $    
Prepaid royalty fee
    50,000       50,000  
Other
    2,651       2,651  
      129,740     $ 52,651  
 
In accordance with the Glucometrics, Inc. (“Glucometrics”) license agreements, Glucometrics is required to reimburse the Company for all of the legal and filing costs associated with prosecuting and maintaining the licensed patents. Payment of the accumulated patent costs is due following a financing transaction in excess of $500,000. As of January 31, 2011, Glucometrics had not achieved such a transaction. This balance was reclassed out of accounts receivable pending management’s evaluation of Glucometrics’ compliance with the license agreement and efforts to raise capital. On January 14, 2011, the Company notified management of Glucometrics, of its intent to terminate the license agreement for their failure to cure their material breach of the licensing contract. As of January 31, 2011 the Company has accrued $77,089 in reimbursable patent costs, up from the $65,895 balance in Accounts receivable as of April 30, 2010.

 
 
10

 
 
Accrued liabilities
 
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following as of January 31, 2011 and April 30, 2010:
 
   
January 31, 2011
   
April 30, 2010
 
Clinical trial related
  $ 75,000     $ 135,276  
Employee related
    215,617       254,485  
Professional services
    31,007       391,210  
Other
    589,134       62,932  
    $ 910,758     $ 843,903  
 
Notes payable
 
Notes payable consisted of the following as of January 31, 2011 and April 30, 2010:
 
   
January 31, 2011
   
April 30, 2010
 
Note payable
  $ 3,262,630     $ 48,983  
Convertible notes payable
    7,195       15,903  
      3,269,825       64,886  
Less: Unamortized discount
    (1,158,306 )     (5,725 )
    $ 2,111,519     $ 59,161  
 
On October 12, 2010 the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with JP SPC 1 Vatea Segregated Portfolio (“Vatea Fund”) whereby it agreed to issue and sell to Vatea Fund an aggregate of $5,000,000 of senior unsecured promissory notes (the “Notes”) on or before December 31, 2010.  The Notes will mature on October 31, 2013, unless the holders of a majority of the Notes consent in writing to a later maturity date.  Interest does not accrue on the outstanding principal balance of the Notes (other than following the maturity date or earlier acceleration).  Instead, on the maturity date, the Company must pay the holders of the Notes a final payment premium aggregating $3,000,000, in addition to the principal balance then otherwise outstanding under the Notes.  The Notes provide that the Company has the option, at its sole discretion and without penalty, to prepay the outstanding balance under the Notes plus the amount of the final payment premium prior to the maturity date.  In addition, the holders of majority of the Notes may request that the Company prepay the Notes in an amount equal to the proceeds of any subsequent closings under the Securities Purchase Agreement, as further described in Note 7.
 
Promissory notes issued under the Note Purchase Agreement as of January 31, 2011 are summarized in the table below:
 
Date issued
 
Note principal
   
Final payment premium
   
Effective interest rate
 
November 10, 2010
  $ 600,000     $ 360,000       15.68 %
December 20, 2010
    1,000,000       600,000       16.29 %
January 26, 2011
    400,000       240,000       16.89 %
    $ 2,000,000     $ 1,200,000          
 
Interest accreted on these notes was $41,694 for the three months and nine months ended January 31, 2011.
 
 
11

 
 
In November 2010, the Company financed its annual commercial, product liability, and Director and Officer insurance policy through the issuance of a short-term note payable. The note was in the amount of $88,700 with a ten-month term and 6.99% interest. Interest expense was $1,399 for the three months and nine months ended January 31, 2011, respectively.
 
In November 2009, the Company financed its annual commercial, product liability, and Director and Officer insurance policy through the issuance of a short-term note payable. The note was in the amount of $96,563 with a ten-month term and 6.99% interest. Interest expense was $0 and $859 for the three months and nine months ended January 31, 2011, respectively.
 
In 2008 the Company issued $20,282,532 five-year convertible debentures. These notes were issued at a 55% discount and were convertible into common shares at $3.705 per share. As part of the financing agreement, the Company also issued five-year warrants with an exercise price of $3.705. In accordance with ASC815-40-05, the Company valued the embedded conversion feature and warrants utilizing the Black-Scholes valuation model. As of January 31, 2011 and April 30, 2010, the outstanding notes had a principal balance of $7,195 and $15,903 and unamortized discounts of $0 and $5,725, respectively.
 
NOTE 4. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 
Agreement with Virginia Commonwealth University - In May 2008 the Company entered into a license agreement with Virginia Commonwealth University (“Licensor”, “VCU”) whereby it obtained a worldwide, exclusive license to valid claims under three of the Licensor's patent applications that relate to methods for non-pulmonary delivery of oxygen to tissue and the products based on those valid claims used or useful for therapeutic and diagnostic applications in humans and animals. The Company has capitalized $551,425 and $519,353 in costs as of January 31, 2011 and April 30, 2010, respectively, to acquire the license rights and legal fees to maintain the licensed patents. These costs are being amortized over the life of the agreement.
 
Pursuant to the agreement, the Company must make minimum annual royalty payments to VCU totaling $70,000 as long as the agreement is in force. These payments are fully creditable against royalty payments due for sales and sublicense revenue earned during the fiscal year. As of January 31, 2011, the Company has paid $70,000 in royalty fees. These fees were recorded as an other current asset and are being amortized over the fiscal year. For the three months and nine months ended January 31, 2011, amortization of the royalty payments totaled $17,500 and $52,500, respectively.
 
Patents- The Company currently holds, or has filed for, US and worldwide patents covering 13 various methods and uses of its perfluorocarbon technology. The Company capitalizes amounts paid to third parties for legal fees, application fees and other direct costs incurred in the filing and prosecution of its patent applications. These capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line method over their useful life or legal life, whichever is shorter. As of January 31, 2011 and April 30, 2010, the Company has capitalized $532,499 and $434,612, respectively, for costs incurred to maintain the patents .
 
Trademarks - The Company currently holds, or has filed for, trademarks to protect the use of names and descriptions of its products and technology. The Company capitalizes amounts paid to third parties for legal fees, application fees and other direct costs incurred in the filing and prosecution of its trademark applications. As of January 31, 2011 and April 30, 2010, the Company has capitalized $156,310 and $103,150, respectively, for costs incurred to maintain the trademarks.
 
 
12

 
 
The following table summarizes our intangible assets as of January 31, 2011:
 
Asset Category
 
Value Assigned
 
Weighted Average Amortization Period (in Years)
 
Impairments
   
Accumulated Amortization
 
Carrying Value (Net of Impairments and Accumulated Amortization)
 
                               
Patents
  $ 532,499       12.4     $ -     $ (214,360 )   $ 318,139  
License Rights
    551,425       17.9       -       (58,262 )     493,163  
Trademarks
    156,310       N/A       -       -       156,310  
                                         
Total
  $ 1,240,234             $ -     $ (272,622 )   $ 967,612  
 
The following table summarizes our intangible assets as of April 30, 2010:
 
Asset Category
 
Value Assigned
 
Weighted Average Amortization Period (in Years)
 
Impairments
   
Accumulated Amortization
 
Carrying Value (Net of Impairments and Accumulated Amortization)
 
                                         
Patents
  $ 434,612       12.6     $ -     $ (111,363 )   $ 323,249  
License Rights
    519,353       18.6       -       (38,042 )     481,311  
Trademarks
    103,150       N/A       -       -       103,150  
                                         
Total
  $ 1,057,115             $ -     $ (149,405 )   $ 907,710  
 
For the three months ended January 31, 2011 and 2010, the aggregate amortization expense on the above intangibles was approximately $15,570 and $11,514, respectively.

For the nine months ended January 31, 2011 and 2010, the aggregate amortization expense on the above intangibles was approximately $123,217 and $34,679, respectively.
 
 
13

 

NOTE 5. SEGMENT REPORTING
 
In the Company’s operation of its business, management, including its chief operating decision maker, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, reviews certain financial information, including segmented internal profit and loss statements prepared on a basis not consistent with GAAP.
 
The Company operates in a single market consisting of the design, development, marketing, sales and support of Dermacyte® cosmetic segment. The Company's revenues are derived from sales of the Dermacyte line of topical cosmetic products in the United States and Europe. The Company does not engage in intercompany revenue transfers between segments.
 
The Company's management evaluates performance based primarily on revenues in the geographic locations in which the Company operates. Segment profit or loss for each segment includes certain sales and marketing expenses directly attributable to the segment and excludes certain expenses that are managed outside the reportable segments.
 
Costs that are identifiable are allocated to the segments that benefit.  Allocated costs may include those relating to development and marketing of products and services from which multiple segments benefit, or those costs relating to services performed by one segment on behalf of other segments. Each allocation is measured differently based on the specific facts and circumstances of the costs being allocated. Certain other corporate-level activity is not allocated to the Company’s segments, including costs of: human resources; legal; finance; information technology; corporate development and procurement activities; research and development; and employee severance.
 
The company has recast certain prior period amounts within this note to conform to the way it internally managed and monitored segment performance during the current fiscal year.
 
Net revenues and segment profit, classified by the Company's reportable segments are as follows:
 
 
   
Three months ended January 31,
   
Nine months ended January 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
Net revenue
                       
United States
  $ 26,712     $ 30,768     $ 69,693     $ 37,329  
Europe
    25,850       -       25,850       -  
Total net revenue
  $ 52,562     $ 30,768     $ 95,543     $ 37,329  
                                 
                                 
Segment loss
                               
United States
  $ 283,888     $ 106,715     $ 466,154     $ 100,154  
Europe
    9,771       -       9,771       -  
Unallocated expenses
                               
  General and administrative
    1,962,575       1,634,835       5,142,355       5,360,047  
  Research and development
    498,521       1,011,061       2,216,413       2,169,435  
  Net interest and other income
    (210,568 )     1,101       (236,270 )     109,966  
Net loss
  $ 2,544,187     $ 2,753,712     $ 7,598,423     $ 7,739,602  
 
Assets are not allocated to segments for internal reporting presentations. A portion of amortization and depreciation may be included with various other costs in an overhead allocation to each segment and it is impracticable for the Company to separately identify the amount of amortization and depreciation by segment that is included in the measure of segment profit or loss.
 
 
14

 
 
NOTE 6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
Operating Leases - The Company leases its laboratory space under an operating lease that includes fixed annual increases and expires in July 2015. The Company leases its office space under a short-term operating lease that is renewable for three, six, or twelve month terms. Total rent expense for the two leases was $250,902 and $187,812 for the nine months ended January 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
The Company has sublet a portion of its lab facility in California to an unrelated third party. The sublease is for a 12 month term with an annual option to renew. At each renewal period, the monthly rental fee escalates 5%. For the nine months ended January 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company recorded $54,953 and $58,039, respectively, as other income for the rents received under the sublease agreement. In November 2010, the tenant notified the Company of their intent to terminate their sublease, effective January 1, 2011.
 
Exfluor Manufacturing Agreement - The Company entered into a Supply Agreement with Exfluor for the manufacturing and supply of FtBu. Under the terms of the Agreement, Exfluor is to supply FtBu exclusively to the Company, and no other party. The fee for this exclusivity is a non-refundable, non-creditable fee of $25,000 each quarter for the term of the Agreement. The term of the Agreement is three years, beginning on January 1, 2010. The process of manufacturing FtBu is a trade secret owned by Exfluor; therefore, the Agreement also contains a provision requiring Exfluor to maintain documentation of the entire manufacturing process in an Escrow Account, to be released to the Company only upon the occurrence of a triggering event, which includes dissolution, acquisition by another company who is not a successor, bankruptcy or creditors taking action to secure rights against the manufacturing technology to satisfy a financial obligation.
 
Litigation - The Company is subject to litigation in the normal course of business, none of which management believes will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial statements. At January 31, 2011 the Company is not a party to any litigation matters.

Registration Requirement - As further described in Note 6, warrants and convertible notes issued during the year ended April 30, 2008 are subject to a requirement that the Company file a registration statement with the SEC to register the underlying shares, and that it be declared effective on or before January 9, 2009. In the event that the Company does not have an effective registration statement as of that date, or if at some future date the registration ceases to be effective, then the Company is obligated to pay liquidated damages to each holder in the amount of 1% of the aggregate market value of the stock, as measured on January 9, 2009 or at the date the registration statement ceases to be effective. As an additional remedy for non-registration of the shares, the holders would also receive the option of a cashless exercise of their warrant or conversion shares. As of January 31, 2011, approximately 44,669 of these warrants are subject to the registration requirement. ASC 825-20, Financial Instruments, Registration Payment Arrangements , provides guidance to proper recognition, measurement, and classification of certain freestanding financial instruments that are indexed to, and potentially settled in, any entity's own stock. If an issuer does not control the form of settlement, an instrument is classified as an asset or liability. An issuer is deemed to "control the settlement" if it has both the contractual right to settle in equity shares and the ability to deliver equity shares. ASC 825-20-25 specifies that the contingent obligation to make future payments or otherwise transfer consideration under a registration payment arrangement, whether issued as a separate agreement or included as a provision of a financial instrument or other agreement, should be separately recognized and measured in accordance with ASC 450, Accounting for Contingencies .
 
The Company has accounted for the warrants as equity instruments in the accompanying financial statements. The Company does not believe the registration payments are probable, and as such, has not recorded any amounts with respect to the separately measured registration rights agreement.
 
 
 
15

 
 
Contingent Liabilities Related to Internal Revenue Code Section 409A - In November, 2010, management conducted an independent review of certain option grants made by the Company between February 1998 and April 2009. This voluntary review was not in response to any governmental investigation. During the course of the Company’s review, management identified certain options granted in prior years that may have been non-compliant with Section 409A (“Section 409A”) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”), including options granted with an exercise price below fair market value on the date of grant and options that were modified such that they may have become non-compliant with Section 409A.
 
In February 2011, after management conducted a preliminary, limited scope review of certain of the Company’s stock option granting practices, the Audit Committee commenced a voluntary, independent investigation of the Company’s historical stock option granting practices and related accounting during the period from February 1998 through April 2009. The Company’s outside legal counsel assisted the Audit Committee in this investigation. As of March 17, 2011, none of the Company’s current officers or directors have exercised any of the potentially non-compliant options.
 
The primary adverse tax consequence of Section 409A non-compliance is that the holders of non-compliant options are taxed on the value of such options as they vest, and annually thereafter until they are exercised.   In addition to ordinary income taxes, holders of non-compliant options are subject to a 20% penalty tax under Section 409A (and, as applicable, similar excise taxes under state laws). Because virtually all holders of stock options granted by the Company were not involved in or aware that the pricing and/or modification of their options raised these issues, the Company intends to take actions to address certain of the adverse tax consequences that may apply to these holders. In addition, on March 17, 2011 the Company entered into indemnification agreements with its executive officers that indemnify those officers from potential Section 409A tax liabilities arising from their prior option awards,
 
In addition to adverse consequences for option holders, the Company has determined that certain payroll taxes, interest and penalties may apply to the Company under various sections of the IRC (and, as applicable similar state and foreign tax statutes) related to the potential Section 409A non-compliance.  As of January 31, 2011, the Company has accrued approximately $550,000 in other current liabilities for the contingent liability. The Company’s investigation of the matter is still on-going and there exists the possibility of adverse outcomes that the Company estimates could reach approximately $500,000 beyond our recorded amount.
 
NOTE 7. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
During the nine months ended January 31, 2011:
 
(1)  
The Company received $4,401,400 (net of closing costs) from the issuance of 1,724,138 shares of common stock as part of the registered direct offering (the "Offering") described below.
   
(2)  
The Company received $500,000 (net of closing costs), from the issuance of 133,334 shares of restricted common stock in accordance with the Securities Purchase Agreement with Vatea Fund described below. An additional 53,334 shares of common stock were issued as compensation for services provided in closing the Securities Purchase Agreement.
   
(3)  
The Company issued 2,018 shares of common stock from the cashless exercise of 6,333 stock options.
   
(4)  
The Company issued 2,350 shares of common stock for the conversion of notes payable with a gross carrying value of $8,707, at a conversion price of $3.705 per share. These notes included a discount totaling $868, and thus had a net carrying value of $7,839. The unamortized discount of $868 was recognized as interest expense upon conversion.  
   
(5)  
The Company issued 19,275 shares of its common stock as compensation to its officers. These shares had a fair value at the grant date of $56,318.
   
(6)  
As further discussed below, the Company recorded $111,802 for the computed fair value of options issued to employees, nonemployee directors, and consultants.
 
 
16

 

During the nine months ended January 31, 2010:
 
(1)  
The Company received $9,735,000 (net of closing costs) from the issuance of 2,933,333 shares of common stock as part of the Securities Purchase Agreement with Vatea Fund. An additional 146,667 shares of common stock were issued as compensation for services provided in closing the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(2)  
The Company received $57,625 from the exercise of 29,001 option shares of common stock.
 
(3)  
The Company issued 90,472 shares of common stock for the conversion of notes payable with a gross carrying value of $335,199, at a conversion price of $3.705 per share. These notes included a discount totaling $117,488, and thus had a net carrying value of $217,711. The unamortized discount of $117,488 was recognized as interest expense upon conversion.
 
(4)  
The Company issued 6,197 shares of its common stock as compensation to its Chief Executive Officer.  These shares had a fair value at grant date of $31,663.
 
(5)  
The Company issued 867 shares of common stock to its employees as bonus compensation. The Company recognized $5,135 in additional compensation expense for the fair value of the issued shares.
 
(6)  
The company recorded $743,956 for the computed fair value of options issued to employees, nonemployee directors, and consultants.
 
(7)  
The company recorded $37,339 for the computed fair value of 7,408 warrants issued to a consultant.
 
(8)  
The Company extended the term for 151,111 outstanding warrants. The Company recorded $256,181 as additional compensation cost for the computed fair value of the modification.
 
(9)  
The Company issued 2,363,767 shares of restricted common stock and paid $2,836,520 in cash to warrant holders in exchange for 4,727,564 outstanding warrants. The warrants were returned to the Company and cancelled
 
Securities Purchase Agreement —On June 8, 2009, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Vatea Fund. The Securities Purchase Agreement establishes milestones for the achievement of product development and regulatory targets and other objectives, after which Vatea Fund is required to purchase up to 4 million additional shares of common stock at a price of $3.75 per share. On April 23, 2010, the Company and Vatea Fund entered into a second amendment to the Securities Purchase Agreement. Under the second amendment, the parties agreed to modify two provisions of the Securities Purchase Agreement. The first modification was a change to the form of fees paid to the facilitating agent, Melixia SA. For all closings under the Securities Purchase Agreement occurring on or after April 23, 2010, cash fees will no longer be paid. Fees will be paid in the form of restricted shares of common stock, issued in an amount equal to 20% of the shares issued at each closing. The second modification changed the schedule of milestones. The new schedule includes a closing of $500,000 on or before April 30, 2010, another closing in the same amount on or before May 30, 2010, and a closing in the amount of $3,500,000 on the earlier of (1) closing of a license or sales agreement with an aggregate value in excess of $500,000 or (2) December 31, 2011. The remaining balance of $4,500,000 under the Securities Purchase Agreement shall be paid upon achievement of the amended product development and regulatory milestones.
 
   
On April 26, 2010, in accordance with the second amendment of the agreement, the Company received $500,000 and issued 133,334 shares to Vatea Fund.
 
   
On May 27, 2010, in accordance with the second amendment of the agreement, the Company received $500,000 and issued 133,334 shares to Vatea Fund.
 
In connection with the two closings, the Company issued 53,334 shares of restricted common stock valued at $160,002 to Melixia SA for their services provided as facilitating agent. The Company also paid $67,500 in fees to another consultant who assisted with the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
 
17

 
 
On May 4, 2010, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement (the “Placement Agency Agreement”) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (the “Placement Agent”) relating to the sale by the Company of 1,724,138 units to certain institutional investors pursuant to a registered direct offering at a purchase price of $2.90 per unit (each, a “Unit” and collectively, the “Units”). Each Unit consisted of one share of the Company's common stock and a warrant to purchase 0.425 shares of common stock. The warrants have a five-year term from the date of issuance, are exercisable on or after the date of issuance, and are exercisable at an exercise price of $5.32 per share of Common Stock.
 
The sale of the Units was made pursuant to subscription agreements, dated May 4, 2010 (the “Subscription Agreements”), with each of the investors. The Offering was completed on May 7, 2010.
 
The aggregate net proceeds to the Company, after deducting placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately $4.4 million. The Placement Agent received a placement fee equal to 6.5% of the gross proceedings of the Offering. The Company also reimbursed the Placement Agent $75,000 for expenses incurred in connection with the Offering. The Placement Agency Agreement contained customary representations, warranties, and covenants by the Company. It also provided for customary indemnification by the Company and the Placement Agent for losses or damages arising out of or in connection with the sale of the securities offered.
 
Warrants
 
During the nine months ended January 31, 2011, the Company issued 732,758 warrants as part of the Offering. The following table summarizes the Company’s warrant activity for the nine months ended January 31, 2011:
 
   
Warrants
   
Weighted Average Exercise Price
 
Outstanding at April 30, 2010
    3,322,154     $ 3.89  
Granted
    732,758       5.32  
Forfeited
    (173,114 )     7.05  
Other
    144,554 ( 1)     2.90 (1)
Outstanding at January 31, 2011
    4,026,352     $ 3.88  
 
(1)
Pursant to the provisions of Subsequent Equity Sales anti dilution clause, the exercise price has been reduced to the base share price of the registered direct offereing on May 7, 2010.  The number of warrant shares associated with these warrants have been increased so that the aggregate price of the outstanding warrants stay the same.
 
 
Stock Options
 
1999 Amended Stock Plan
 
In October 2000, the Company adopted the 1999 Stock Plan (the “Plan”), as amended and restated on June 17, 2008. Under the Plan, with the approval of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, the Company may grant stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights and new shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options. Stock options granted under the Plan may be either incentive stock options (“ISOs”), or nonqualified stock options (“NSOs”). ISOs may be granted only to employees. NSOs may be granted to employees, consultants and directors. Stock options under the Plan may be granted with a term of up to ten years and at prices no less than fair market value for ISOs and no less than 85% of the fair market value for NSOs. To date, stock options granted generally vest over one to three years and vest at a rate of 34% upon the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and 33% on each anniversary thereafter. As of January 31, 2011 the Company had 230,389 shares of common stock available for grant under the Plan.
 
 
18

 

Option activity under the Plan is as follows:
 
 
         
Outstanding Options
 
   
Shares Available for Grant
   
Number of Shares
   
Weighted Average Exercise Price
 
Balances, at April 30, 2010
    182,424       585,172     $ 4.67  
Options granted
    (10,670 )     10,670     $ 3.27  
Restricted stock granted
    (7,500 )                
Options exercised
            (1,193 )   $ 1.69  
Options cancelled
    31,142       (31,142 )   $ 7.17  
                         
Balances, at July 31, 2010
    195,396       563,507     $ 4.51  
Options granted
    (22,503 )     22,503     $ 2.63  
Options cancelled
    3,111       (3,111 )   $ 6.31  
                         
Balances, at October 31, 2010
    176,004       582,899     $ 4.43  
Options granted
    (21,503 )     21,503     $ 2.11  
Options cancelled
    75,888       (75,888 )   $ 3.18  
                         
Balances, at January 31, 2011
    230,389       528,514     $ 4.52  
 
The following table summarizes the grant date fair value stock-based compensation expense for stock options and the registered stock issued during the nine months ended January 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively:
 
   
For the nine months ended January 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
             
General and administrative
  $ 19,428     $ 783,243  
Research and development
    81,331       32,188  
    $ 100,759     $ 815,431  
 
 
19

 
 
The Company used the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of options granted under its stock option plans for the nine months ended January 31, 2011 and 2010:
 
   
For the nine months ended January 31,
 
      2011       2010  
                 
Risk-free interest rate (weighted average)
    2.00 %     1.73 %
Expected volatility (weighted average)
    84.46 %     101.23 %
Expected term (in years)
    6       3-10  
Expected dividend yield
    0.00 %     0.00 %
 
Risk-Free Interest Rate
The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on U.S. Treasury instruments with a term that is consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options.
   
Expected Volatility
The expected stock price volatility for the Company’s common stock was determined by examining the historical volatility and trading history for its common stock over a term consistent with the expected term of its options.
   
Expected Term
The expected term of stock options represents the weighted average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. It was calculated based on the historical experience with the Company’s stock option grants.
   
Expected Dividend Yield
The expected dividend yield of 0% is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts.  The Company has not paid and do not anticipate paying any dividends in the near future.
   
Forfeitures
As stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statement of operations for the nine months ended January 31, 2011 and 2010 is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. ASC 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on the Company’s historical experience.
 
As of January 31, 2011, there were unrecognized compensation costs of approximately $32,000 related to unvested stock option awards granted after May 1, 2004 that will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the weighted average remaining vesting period of 0.96 years.
 
Other Stock Options
 
In the past, the Company issued options outside the 1999 Amended Stock Plan. These options were granted to outside consultants and directors and had exercise prices ranging between $2.25 and $4.50 with 3 to 10 year terms. During the nine months ended January 31, 2011, the holder of 3,333 non-qualified options exercised the option using the cashless exercise provision in the option contract. The Company issued 825 shares of common stock and cancelled the remaining 2,508 option shares.  As of January 31, 2011, there were 326,667 non-qualified options outstanding.
 
NOTE 8. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
 
Effective March 1, 2011, the Company entered into a lease agreement for corporate office space under an operating lease that includes fixed annual increases and expires in February 2016.
 
The following table summarizes additional promissory notes issued under the Note Purchase Agreement after January 31, 2011 as further described in Note 3.
 
Date issued
 
Note principal
   
Final payment premium
   
Effective interest rate
 
March 2, 2011
  $ 100,000     $ 60,000       17.50 %
March 4, 2011
    650,000       390,000       17.54 %
March 11, 2011
    111,000       66,600       17.66 %
    $ 861,000     $ 516,600          
 
 
20

 
 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to them. In some cases you can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “potential” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. Examples of these statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding: the implications of interim or final results of our clinical trials, the progress of our research programs, including clinical testing, the extent to which our issued and pending patents may protect our products and technology, our ability to identify new product candidates, the potential of such product candidates to lead to the development of commercial products, our anticipated timing for initiation or completion of our clinical trials for any of our product candidates, our future operating expenses, our future losses, our future expenditures for research and development, and the sufficiency of our cash resources. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the risks faced by us and described in Part II, Item 1A of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, Part I, Item IA of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. You should read this quarterly report on Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from those we expect. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
 
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited financial statements and notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included as part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2010.
 
All references in this Quarterly Report to “Oxygen Biotherapeutics”, “we”, “our” and “us” means Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc.
 
 
21

 
 
Overview
 
We are engaged in the business of developing biotechnology products with a focus on oxygen delivery to tissue. We are currently developing Oxycyte®; a product we believe is a safe and effective oxygen carrier for use in surgical and similar medical situations. We have developed a family of perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carriers, or PFC, for use in personal care, topical wound healing, and other topical indications. In addition, we also have under development Vitavent (formerly called Fluorovent), an oxygen exchange fluid for facilitating the treatment of lung conditions.
 
Oxycyte
 
Our Oxycyte oxygen carrier product is a PFC emulsified with water and a surfactant, which is provided to the patient intravenously. The physical properties of PFC enable our product to gather oxygen from the lungs and transport the oxygen through the body releasing it along the way. Over a period of days Oxycyte gradually evaporates in the lungs from where it is exhaled. Oxycyte requires no cross matching, so it is immediately available and compatible with all patients’ blood types. Oxycyte has an extended shelf life compared to blood. Oxycyte is provided as a sterile emulsion ready for intravenous administration. Because it contains no biological components, there is no risk of transmission of blood-borne viruses from human blood products. Further, since Oxycyte is based on readily available inert compounds, we believe it can be manufactured on a cost-effective basis in amounts sufficient to meet demand.
 
We received approval of our Investigational New Drug application, or IND, for severe traumatic brain injury, or TBI, filed with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and began Phase I clinical studies in October 2003, which were completed in December 2003. We submitted a report on the results to the FDA along with a Phase II protocol in 2004. Phase II-A clinical studies began in the fourth quarter 2004, and were completed in 2006. A further Phase II study protocol was filed with the FDA in the spring of 2008, but remained on clinical hold by the FDA due to safety concerns raised by the regulatory agency. We are continuing to respond to the FDA’s requests for data required to address their concerns. After receiving this clinical hold, we filed a revised protocol as a dose-escalation study with the regulatory authorities in Switzerland and Israel. The protocol received Ethic Commission approval in Switzerland and Israel. The relevant Swiss regulatory body approved the protocol in August 2009, and the Israel Ministry of Health approved the protocol in September 2009. The new study began in October 2009 and is currently under way both in Switzerland and Israel. In March 2010, we determined that it is feasible to simplify the trial design and also reduce the number of patients to be enrolled. In May 2010, we entered into a relationship with a contract research organization, or CRO, to assist us as we expand our study into India to initiate five to ten new sites for our Phase II-b clinical trial. Study objectives, safety and efficacy endpoints would remain unchanged, and we feel with these optimizations the study could be concluded faster and more economically. In March 2011 we received confirmation of a $2.07M, two-year cost reimbursement award from the U.S. Army to conduct safety related studies for Oxycyte. Perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions, as a therapeutic class, are known to interact with the reticuloendothelial system as part of the clearance mechanism, as well as affect the number of circulating platelets. The studies supported by this grant will examine the effects of Oxycyte on the immune system, platelet function and distribution, as well as the safety and efficacy of platelet transfusion, which can be necessary for patients with TBI and related polytrauma. Additional studies under this grant will be conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of PFCs in relevant species. The results of these studies will support the safety profile of Oxycyte PFC emulsion. We expect to commit a substantial portion of our financial and business resources over the next three years to testing Oxycyte and advancing this product to regulatory approval for use in one or more medical applications.
 
Should Oxycyte successfully progress in clinical testing and if it appears regulatory approval for one or more medical uses is likely, either in the United States or in another country, we intend to evaluate our options for commercializing the product. These options include licensing Oxycyte to a third party for manufacture and distribution, manufacturing Oxycyte ourselves for distribution through third party distributors, manufacturing and selling the product ourselves, or establishing some other form of strategic relationship for making and distributing Oxycyte with a participant in the pharmaceutical industry. We are currently investigating and evaluating all options.
 
 
22

 
 
Dermacyte ®
 
The Dermacyte line of topical cosmetic products employs our patented perfluorocarbon technology, or PFC technology, and other known cosmetic ingredients to promote the appearance of skin health and other desirable cosmetic benefits. Dermacyte is designed to provide a moist and oxygen-rich environment for the skin when it is applied topically, even in small amounts. Dermacyte Concentrate has been formulated as a cosmetic in our lab and Dermacyte Eye Complex was created by a contract formulator, with the patent held by Oxygen Biotherapeutics. Both formulas have passed all safety and toxicity tests, and we have filed a Cosmetic Product Ingredient Statement, or CPIS with the FDA. The market for oxygen-carrying cosmetics includes anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, skin abrasions and minor skin defects.
 
In September 2009, we started production of our first commercial product under our topical cosmetic line, Dermacyte Concentrate.  We produced and sold a limited pre-production batch in November 2009 as a market acceptance test. The product was sold in packs of 8 doses of 0.4ml. Based on the test market results we identified specific market opportunities for this product and reformulated Dermacyte Concentrate for better product stability. Marketing and shipments of the new Dermacyte Concentrate formulation began in April 2010. We worked with a contract formulator in California to develop the Dermacyte Eye Complex which contains PFC technology as well as other ingredients beneficial to the healthy appearance of the skin around the eyes.
 
Since June 2010 we have marketed and sold these products through www.buydermacyte.com and to dermatologists and medical spas with a combination of in-house sales, independent sales agents and exclusive distributors. We have hired a sales director based in North Carolina, and added sales people in South Florida, and Southern California. We intend to add additional in-house sales people in other major markets. We intend to add more territories with agents or distributors.
 
In December 2010 we entered into an agreement with the newly formed, independently owned and operated Dermacyte Switzerland Ltd. (“DSL”) of Zurich for the sale of Dermacyte products. Per the terms of the agreement, DSL has exclusive rights to sell our Dermacyte skin care products throughout the European Union, Switzerland and Russia. Under the agreement, DSL must purchase a minimum of 40,000 units of Dermacyte products by December 31, 2011, of which 1,000 units have already been purchased. After December 31, 2011, the agreement requires an annual compounding growth rate in minimum purchase quantities of 10 percent. The agreement also grants DSL the option to add South America as an exclusive territory if purchase volume milestones are achieved. DSL has been granted the rights to use our product trademarks in their exclusive territories.
 
In March 2011 we entered into an agreement with the independently owned and operated Comercial Uni2, SA de C.V.(“CU2”) of Col del Valle, Mexico for the sale of Dermacyte products. Per the terms of the agreement, CU2 has exclusive rights to sell our Dermacyte skin care products throughout Mexico. Under the agreement, CU2 must purchase a minimum of 10,000 units of Dermacyte products by December 31, 2011, increasing to 20,000 and 35,000 units by December 31, 2012 and 2013, respectively. The agreement also grants CU2 the option to add Central America as an exclusive territory if purchase volume milestones are achieved. CU2 has been granted the rights to use our product trademarks in their exclusive territories.
 
 
23

 
 
Additional potential topical applications of our PFC technology that are under development include Dermacyte moisturizing lotion with SPF, night cream, day cream, and brightening serum.
 
Wundecyte™
 
Our wound product, Wundecyte, is a novel gel developed under a contract agreement with a lab in Virginia. Wundecyte is designed to be used as a wound-healing gel. In July 2009, we filed a 510K medical device application for Wundecyte with the FDA. Several oxygen-producing and oxygen-carrying devices were cited as predicate devices. The FDA response was that the application likely would be classified as a combination device. The drug component of the combination device will require extensive preclinical and clinical studies to be conducted prior to potential commercialization of the product.
 
We have also developed an oxygen-generating bandage that can be combined with Wundecyte gel. Wundecyte gel and the oxygen-generating bandage both entered preclinical testing in our first quarter of fiscal 2011. The studies were designed to measure factors such as time to wound closure and reduction in scar tissue formation as compared to a control group. Results showed an apprent increase in epithelial thickness versus the control. The treatment did not cause adverse effects and the models tolerated the treatment well. Our current product development plan is for Wundecyte to emerge into more complex wound-healing indications, also in combination with oxygen-producing technologies based on hydrogen peroxide. In December 2010 we signed a binding letter of intent with Sarasota Medical Products, Inc. (SMP) of Sarasota, FL to determine the feasibility of pursuing a joint research and development venture for treating chronic ischemic wounds. The venture will be based on combining Wundecyte with SMP’s topical medical devices.
 
Additionally, we are developing preclinical research protocols for the treatment of burns and other topical indication based on our PFC. We intend to develop additional clinical research protocols for topical indications, including the treatment of acne, rosacea, and dermatitis. However, we can provide no assurance that the topical indications we have under development will prove their claims and be successful commercial products.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates
 
There have been no significant changes in critical accounting policies during the nine months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the critical accounting policies described in “ Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Summary of Critical Accounting Policies” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2010.
 
 
24

 
 
Financial Overview
 
Results of operations- Comparison of the three and nine months ended January 31, 2011 and 2010
 
The following table sets forth our condensed statement of operations data and presentation of that data as amount of change from period-to-period.
 
   
Three months ended January 31,
   
Nine months ended January 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
 
Product revenue
  $ 52,562     $ 30,768     $ 95,543     $ 37,329  
Cost of sales
    25,973       18,603       36,718       18,603  
Gross profit
    26,589       12,165       58,825       18,726  
                                 
Operating expenses:
                               
Sales and Marketing
    320,248       118,880       534,750       118,880  
General and administrative
    1,962,575       1,634,835       5,142,355       5,360,047  
Research and development
    498,521       1,011,061       2,216,413       2,169,435  
Total Operating expenses
    2,781,344       2,764,776       7,893,518       7,648,362  
                                 
Net operating loss
    2,754,755       2,752,611       7,834,693       7,629,636  
                                 
Interest expense
    43,093       2,612       49,682       153,311  
Other income
    (253,661 )     (1,511 )     (285,952 )     (43,345 )
Net loss
  $ 2,544,187     $ 2,753,712     $ 7,598,423     $ 7,739,602  
 
 
25

 
 
Revenue
 
Product revenue and percentage changes for the three and nine months January 31, 2011, as compared to the same periods in prior year, are as follows:
 
 
   
Three months ended January 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
   
Nine months ended January 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
 
   
2011
   
2010
               
2011
   
2010
             
Product revenue
  $ 52,562     $ 30,768     $ 21,794       71 %   $ 95,543     $ 37,329     $ 58,214       156 %
 
We generate revenue through the sale of Dermacyte through on-line retailers, physician and medical spa facilities, and through distribution agreements with unrelated companies.
 
Product revenue increased during the three months ended January 31, 2011 over the same period in the prior year primarily due to the $25,850 initial order placed by DERMACYTE Switzerland, or DSL under the Master Agreement we entered into with DSL on December 15, 2010; offset by a slight decrease in direct sales.
 
Product revenue increased for the nine months ended January 31, 2011 over the same period in the prior year primarily due to the addition of Dermacyte Concentrate Gel and Eye Serum as well as an increase in direct to consumer sales.
 
Gross Margin
 
Gross margin as a percent of revenue was 51% and 62% for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2011, respectively, as compared to 40% and 50% for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010. These increases were primarily due to the additional products available for sale. We expect that our gross margin will trend slightly downwards for the remainder of 2011 as we believe sales to distributors will continue to increase.
 
Marketing and Sales Expenses
 
Marketing and sales expenses consisted primarily of personnel-related costs, including salaries commissions, and the costs of marketing programs aimed at increasing revenue, such as advertising, trade shows, public relations and other market development programs.
 
Marketing and sales expenses and percentage changes as compared to the prior year are as follows:
 
   
Three months ended January 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
   
Nine months ended January 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
 
   
2011
   
2010
               
2011
   
2010
             
Marketing and sales expense
  $ 320,248     $ 118,880     $ 201,368       169 %   $ 534,750     $ 118,880     $ 415,870       350 %
 
 
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The increases in marketing and sales expenses for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2011 were driven primarily by an increase in the costs incurred for compensation and direct advertising.
 
-  
We incurred approximately $70,000 and $119,000 in compensation costs related to marketing and selling the cosmetic topical product line Dermacyte for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2011, respectively, that were not incurred in the same periods in 2010. These costs include salaries, commissions, and employee benefits.
 
-  
We incurred an increase of approximately $132,000 and $297,000 in costs related to direct marketing and advertising for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2011, respectively, as compared to the same period in 2010. These costs include attendace at trade shows and conferences, fees paid to a third party PR firm, the costs of product samples distributed to potential customers, and the costs of direct print and online advertisements.
 
General and Administrative Expenses
 
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation for executive, finance, legal and administrative personnel, including stock-based compensation. Other general and administrative expenses include facility costs not otherwise included in research and development expenses, legal and accounting services, other professional services, and consulting fees.
 
General and administrative expenses and percentage changes as compared to the prior year are as follows:
 
   
Three months ended January 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
   
Nine months ended January 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
 
   
2011
   
2010
               
2011
   
2010
             
General and administrative expense
  $ 1,962,575     $ 1,634,835     $ 327,740       20 %   $ 5,142,355     $ 5,360,047     $ (217,692 )     -4 %
 
The increase in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended January 31, 2011 was driven primarily by a reduction in costs incurred for banking and investor relations, travel related costs, compensation and consulting fees, offset by accruals for contingent liabilities associated with potential 409A tax liabilities.
 
-  
For the three months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, we incurred a decrease of approximately $45,000 for investment banking fees and $160,000 in investor relation costs.
 
-  
For the three months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, compensation costs decreased approximately $225,000 due to a decrease in share-based compensation of approximately $275,000 and a decrease of approximately $130,000 in bonuses paid; offset by an increase of approximately $15,000 for salaries and a $170,000 severance payment that we made to a former executive officer.
 
-  
For the three months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, travel costs decreased approximately $96,000 due to a reduction in international travel to Switzerland and Israel, road shows, and costs related to Board meetings and investor presentations.
 
-  
For the three months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, consultant costs increased by approximately $273,000.  This increase was due to a prior year reclassification of $495,000 in cost incurred for financing activities offset by a $220,000 reduction in costs incurred for recruiting, fees paid to third parties for Dermacyte marketing, and public relations firms.
 
-  
For the three months ended January 31, 2011, the Company accrued approximately $550,000 for the contingent tax liabilities resulting from the ongoing stock option review.
 
 
27

 
 
The decrease in general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended January 31, 2011 was driven primarily by a reduction in costs incurred for stock-based compensation and consulting fees; partially offset by an increase in, depreciation and amortization, rent, compensation and accruals for contingent liabilities associated with potential 409A tax liabilities.
 
-  
For the nine months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, we incurred an increase of approximately $165,000 in legal and accounting fees associated with our public filings, and listing fees for the NASDAQ Capital Market and Swiss Exchange.
 
-  
For the nine months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, compensation costs decreased approximately $203,000 due to a decrease in share-based compensation of approximately $700,000 and a decrease of approximately $70,000 in bonuses paid; offset by an increase of approximately $395,000 for salaries and a $170,000 severance payment due to a former executive officer.
 
-  
 For the nine months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, rent expense increased approximately $50,000 due to expansion of our corporate offices in North Carolina.
 
-  
For the nine months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, travel costs increased approximately $65,000 due to international travel to Switzerland and Israel, road shows, and costs related to Board meetings and investor presentations.
 
-  
For the nine months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, consultant costs were reduced by approximately $690,000 due to a reduction in recruiting costs and fees paid to third parties for Dermacyte marketing, public relations firms, and financing activities.
 
-  
For the nine months ended January 31, 2011, the Company accrued approximately $550,000 for the contingent tax liabilities resulting from the ongoing stock option review.
 
Research and Development Expenses
 
Research and development expenses include, but are not limited to, (i) expenses incurred under agreements with CROs and investigative sites, which conduct our clinical trials and a substantial portion of our pre-clinical studies; (ii) the cost of manufacturing and supplying clinical trial materials; (iii) payments to contract service organizations, as well as consultants; (iv) employee-related expenses, which include salaries and benefits; and (v) facilities, depreciation and other allocated expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities and equipment, depreciation of leasehold improvements, equipment, laboratory and other supplies. All research and development expenses are expensed as incurred.
 
Research and development expenses and percentage changes as compared to the prior year are as follows:
 
   
Three months ended January 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
   
Nine months ended January 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
 
   
2011
   
2010
               
2011
   
2010
             
Research and development expense
  $ 498,521     $ 1,011,061     $ (512,540 )     -51 %   $ 2,216,413     $ 2,169,435     $ 46,978       2 %
 
 
28

 
 
The decrease in research and development expenses for the three months ended January 31, 2011 was driven primarily by a reduction in the costs incurred for the development of Oxycyte and Dermacyte, consulting costs, and preclinical study costs partially offset by an increase in costs incurred in connection with the Phase II-b clinical trials and compensation.
 
-  
For the three months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, we reported a decrease of approximately $530,000 in costs associated with the development and manufacture of Oxycyte and Dermacyte; including the costs of preclinical research.
 
-  
For the three months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, the costs associated with the ongoing Phase II-b clinical trials for Oxycyte increased approximately $76,000.  Included in these costs are site set-up fees, CRO costs, and supplying all of the sites with equipment and Oxycyte.
 
-  
Also included in the increase in research and development costs for the three months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010 were increases in payroll costs of approximately $25,000 as headcount was increased to manage the growth and development of the topical indications for Oxycyte and Dermacyte.
 
-  
For the three months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, costs incurred for consultants and contract labor were reduced by approximately $85,000.
 
The slight increase in research and development expenses for the nine months ended January 31, 2011 was driven primarily by costs incurred for compensation and the costs associated with the Phase II-b clinical trials for Oxycyte, offset by a reduction in the costs incurred for the development of Oxycyte and Dermacyte, consulting costs, and preclinical research costs.
 
-  
For the nine months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, we reported a decrease of approximately $432,000 in costs associated with the development and manufacture of Oxycyte and Dermacyte; including the costs of preclinical research.
 
-  
For the nine months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, the costs associated with the ongoing Phase II-b clinical trials for Oxycyte increased approximately $507,000.  Included in these costs are site set-up fees, CRO costs, and supplying all of the sites with equipment and Oxycyte.
 
-  
For the nine months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, we incurred an increase in payroll costs of approximately $198,000 as headcount was increased to manage the growth and development of the topical indications for Oxycyte and Dermacyte.
 
-  
For the nine months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010, costs incurred for consultants and contract labor were reduced by approximately $255,000.
 
 
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Conducting a significant amount of research and development is central to our business model. Product candidates in later-stage clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of development, primarily due to the significantly increased size and duration of clinical trials. We plan to incur substantial research and development expenses for the foreseeable future in order to complete development of our most advanced product candidate, Oxycyte, and to conduct earlier-stage research and development projects.
 
The process of conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials necessary to obtain FDA approval is costly and time consuming. The probability of success for each product candidate and clinical trial may be affected by a variety of factors, including, among other things, the quality of the product candidate’s early clinical data, investment in the program, competition, manufacturing capabilities and commercial viability. As a result of the uncertainties discussed above, uncertainty associated with clinical trial enrollment and risks inherent in the  development process, we are unable to determine the duration and completion costs of current or future clinical stages of our product candidates or when, or to what extent, we will generate revenues from the commercialization and sale of any of our product candidates. Development timelines, probability of success and development costs vary widely. We are currently focused on developing our most advanced product candidate, Oxycyte; however, we will need substantial additional capital in the future in order to complete the development and potential commercialization of Oxycyte and other product candidates.
 
Other income and expense
 
During the three and nine months ended January 31, 2011, as compared to the same periods in 2010, other income increased approximately $250,000 and $240,000, respectively, primarily due to an award of $244,489 under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, or PPACA, received in November 2010; offset by approximately $2,000 in realized losses on foreign currency translation
 
Interest expense
 
Interest expense increased approximately $40,000 in the three months ended January 31, 2011, due to the amortization of debt discounts on the promissory notes issued under the Note Purchase Agreement with JP SPC 1 Vatea Segregated Portfolio, or Vatea Fund.
 
Interest expense decreased approximately $103,000 in the nine months ended January 31, 2011, due to the conversion of our notes payable and the related amortization of debt discounts and issue costs during the nine months ended January 31, 2010; offset by the amortization of debt discounts on the promissory notes issued under the Note Purchase Agreement during the nine months ended January 31, 2011..
 
Liquidity, capital resources and plan of operation
 
We have incurred losses since our inception and as of January 31, 2011 we had an accumulated deficit of $88.5million. We will continue to incur losses until we generate sufficient revenue to offset our expenses, and we anticipate that we will continue to incur net losses for at least the next several years. We expect to incur increased expenses related to our development and potential commercialization of Oxycyte and, as a result, we will need to generate significant net product sales, royalty and other revenues to achieve profitability.
 
 
30

 
 
Liquidity
 
We have financed our operations since September 1990 through the issuance of debt and equity securities and loans from stockholders. We had $1,316,254 and $2,184,826 of total current assets and working capital of $(388,443) and $785,485 as of January 31, 2011 and April 30, 2010, respectively. Our practice is to invest excess cash, where available, in short-term money market investment instruments.
 
We are in the preclinical and clinical trial stages in the development of our product candidates. We are currently conducting Phase II-b clinical trials for the use of Oxycyte in the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury. Even if we are successful with our Phase II-b study, we must then conduct a Phase III clinical study and, if that is successful, file with the FDA and obtain approval of a Biologics License Application to begin commercial distribution, all of which will take more time and funding to complete. Our other product candidates must undergo further development and testing prior to submission to the FDA for approval to initiate clinical trials, which also requires additional funding. Management is actively pursuing private and institutional financing, as well as strategic alliances and/or joint venture agreements to obtain the necessary additional financing and reduce the cost burden related to the development and commercialization of our products though we can give no assurance that any such initiative will be successful. We expect our primary focus will be on funding the continued testing of Oxycyte, since this product is the furthest along in the regulatory review process. Our ability to continue to pursue testing and development of our products beyond June 30, 2011 depends on obtaining license income or outside financial resources. There is no assurance that we will obtain any license agreement or outside financing or that we will otherwise succeed in obtaining the necessary resources.
 
Registered Direct Offering
 
On May 7, 2010 we closed a registered direct offering pursuant to which we sold to certain investors 1,724,138 shares of common stock at $2.90 per share and warrants to purchase 732,758 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $5.32 per share. The financing provided approximately $4.4 million in net proceeds to us after deducting the placement agent fee and offering expenses.
 
Pursuant to our Securities Purchase Agreement, as amended, with Vatea Fund, we issued 133,334 shares to, and received $500,000, net of facilitating agent fees, from, Vatea Fund on May 27, 2010.
 
Transactions with Vatea Fund
 
On October 12, 2010 we entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with Vatea Fund whereby we agreed to issue and sell to Vatea Fund an aggregate of $5,000,000 of senior unsecured promissory notes (the “Notes”) on or before December 31, 2010.  The Notes will mature on October 31, 2013, unless the holders of a majority of the Notes consent in writing to a later maturity date.  Interest does not accrue on the outstanding principal balance of the Notes (other than following the maturity date or earlier acceleration).  Instead, on the maturity date, we must pay the holders of the Notes a final payment premium aggregating $3,000,000, in addition to the principal balance then otherwise outstanding under the Notes.  The Notes provide that we have the option, at our sole discretion and without penalty, to prepay the outstanding balance under the Notes plus the amount of the final payment premium prior to the maturity date.  In addition, the holders of majority of the Notes may request that we prepay the Notes in an amount equal to the proceeds of any subsequent closings under the Securities Purchase Agreement. The following table summarizes the promissory notes that have been issued under the Note Purchase Agreement.
 
 
31

 
 
Date issued
 
Note principal
   
Final payment premium
   
Effective interest rate
 
November 10, 2010
  $ 600,000     $ 360,000       15.68 %
December 20, 2010
    1,000,000       600,000       16.29 %
January 26, 2011
    400,000       240,000       16.89 %
March 2, 2011
    100,000       60,000       17.50 %
March 4, 2011
    650,000       390,000       17.54 %
March 11, 2011
    111,000       66,600       17.66 %
    $ 2,861,000     $ 1,716,600          
 
Interest accreted on these notes was $41,694 for the three months and nine months ended January 31, 2011.
 
On November 5, 2010 we received an award of $244,489 under the PPACA. The award was given for our qualified investments under Section 48D of the PPACA for the clinical development of Oxycyte perfluorocarbon emulsion for traumatic brain injury, or TBI, and spinal cord injury.
 
Based on our working capital at January 31, 2011, the $861,000 of additional promissory notes issued under the Note Purchase Agreement, and the $2,139,000 remaining under the Note Purchase Agreement, we believe we have sufficient capital on hand to continue to fund operations through June 30, 2011.
 
Potential Section 409A Liability
 
As a result of our review of option grants made by us between February 1998 and April 2009, we have determined that certain options granted in prior years may have been non-compliant with Section 409A (“Section 409A”) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”), including options granted with an exercise price below fair market value on the date of grant and options that were modified such that they may have become non-compliant with Section 409A.
 
The primary adverse tax consequence of Section 409A non-compliance is that the holders of non-compliant options are taxed on the value of such options as they vest, and annually thereafter until they are exercised.   In addition to ordinary income taxes, holders of non-compliant options are subject to a 20% penalty tax under Section 409A (and, as applicable, similar excise taxes under state laws). Because virtually all holders of stock options granted by us were not involved in or aware that the pricing and/or modification of their options raised these issues, we intend to take actions to address certain of the adverse tax consequences that may apply to these holders. As of March 17, 2011, none of the Company’s current officers or directors have exercised any of the potentially non-compliant options. In addition, on March 17, 2011 we entered into indemnification agreements with our executive officers that indemnify those officers from potential Section 409A tax liabilities arising from their prior option awards.
 
In addition to adverse consequences for option holders, we have determined that certain payroll taxes, interest and penalties may apply to us under various sections of the IRC (and, as applicable similar state and foreign tax statutes) related to the potential Section 409A non-compliance.  As of January 31, 2011, the Company has accrued approximately $550,000 in other current liabilities for the contingent liability. The Company’s investigation of the matter is still on-going and there exists the possibility of adverse outcomes that the Company estimates could reach approximately $500,000 beyond our recorded amount.
 
 
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Cash Flows
 
The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
 
   
For the nine months ended January 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Net cash used in operating activities
    (6,652,528 )     (6,294,037 )
Net cash used in investing activities
    (370,627 )     (382,671 )
Net cash provided by financing activities
    6,912,789       6,997,237  
 
Net cash used in operating activities.  Net cash used in operating activities was $6.7 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2011 compared to net cash used in operating activities of $6.3 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2010. The increase of cash used for operating activities was due primarily to:
 
-  
the costs of conducting our Phase IIb clinical trials for TBI;
 
-  
increased payroll costs associated with our expansion in North Carolina; and
 
-  
increased costs associated with marketing and selling our cosmetic products.
 
Net cash used in investing activities . Net cash used in investing activities was $370,627 for the nine months ended January 31, 2011 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $382,671 for the nine months ended January 31, 2010. The cash used for investing activities was due primarily to the cost of maintaining our portfolio of patents and trademarks and in upgrading our information technology infrastructure.
 
Net cash provided by financing activities . We received $6.9 million from financing activities for the nine months ended January 31, 2011 compared to receiving $7.0 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2010. The net cash provided by financing activities was due primarily to net proceeds of $4.4 million received from the closing of our registered direct offering on May 4, 2010.  We also received $2.0 million from the issuance of promissory notes under the Note Purchase Agreement with Vatea Fund.
 
 
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Operating Capital and Capital Expenditure Requirements
 
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors and include, but are not limited to the following:
 
  
the initiation, progress, timing and completion of clinical trials for our product candidates and potential product candidates;
 
  
the outcome, timing and cost of regulatory approvals and the regulatory approval process;
 
  
delays that may be caused by changing regulatory requirements;
 
  
the number of product candidates that we pursue;
 
  
the costs involved in filing and prosecuting patent applications and enforcing and defending patent claims;
 
  
the timing and terms of future in-licensing and out-licensing transactions;
 
  
the cost and timing of establishing sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution capabilities;
 
  
the cost of procuring clinical and commercial supplies for our product candidates;
 
  
the extent to which we acquire or invest in businesses, products or technologies; and
 
  
the possible costs of litigation.
 
  We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our projected operating requirements through June 30, 2011. We will need substantial additional capital in the future in order to complete the development and commercialization of Oxycyte and to fund the development and commercialization of our future product candidates. Until we can generate a sufficient amount of product revenue, if ever, we expect to finance future cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financings or corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements. Such funding, if needed, may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. In the event we are unable to obtain additional capital, we may delay or reduce the scope of our current research and development programs and other expenses.
 
To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience additional significant dilution, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to our technologies or our product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. We may seek to access the public or private capital markets whenever conditions are favorable, even if we do not have an immediate need for additional capital.
 
 
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
On April 29, 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2010-17, Revenue Recognition—Milestone Method (Topic 605): Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). It establishes a revenue recognition model for contingent consideration that is payable upon the achievement of an uncertain future event, referred to as a milestone. The scope of the ASU is limited to research or development arrangements and requires an entity to record the milestone payment in its entirety in the period received if the milestone meets all the necessary criteria to be considered substantive. The ASU is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those fiscal years) beginning on or after June 15, 2010. Early application is permitted. Entities can apply this guidance prospectively to milestones achieved after adoption. However, retrospective application to all prior periods is also permitted. As a result, it is effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal year 2012. We do not believe that the adoption of ASU 2010-17 will have a material impact on our financial statements.
 
In January 2010, the FASB issued guidance to amend the disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements as ASU 2010-06, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures . The guidance requires the disclosure of roll forward activities on purchases, sales, issuance, and settlements of the assets and liabilities measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 fair value measurements). The guidance will become effective for us with the reporting period beginning May 1, 2011. Other than requiring additional disclosures, we do not believe that the adoption of ASU 2010-06 will have a material impact on our financial statements.
 
In September 2009, the FASB ratified Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables issued as ASU 2009-13 in early October. ASU 2009-13 updates the existing multiple-element arrangements guidance currently included in ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition – Multiple-Element Arrangements . The revised guidance provides for two significant changes to the existing multiple-element arrangements guidance. The first relates to the determination of when the individual deliverables included in a multiple-element arrangement may be treated as separate units of accounting. This change is significant as it will likely result in the requirement to separate more deliverables within an arrangement, ultimately leading to less revenue deferral. The second change modifies the manner in which the transaction consideration is allocated across the separately identifiable deliverables. These changes are likely to result in earlier recognition of revenue for multiple-element arrangements than under previous guidance. ASU 2009-13 also significantly expands the disclosures required for multiple-element revenue arrangements. The revised multiple-element arrangements guidance will be effective for the first annual reporting period beginning on or after June 15, 2010, and may be applied retrospectively for all periods presented or prospectively to arrangements entered into or modified after the adoption date. Early adoption is permitted provided that the revised guidance is retroactively applied to the beginning of the year of adoption. If the guidance is adopted prospectively, certain transitional disclosures are required for each reporting period in the initial year of adoption. As a result, it is effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal year 2012. We do not believe that the adoption of ASU 2009-13 will have a material impact on our financial statements.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
Since our inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements, including the use of structured finance, special purpose entities or variable interest entities.
 
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
Management does not believe that we possess any instruments that are sensitive to market risk. Our debt instruments bear interest at fixed interest rates.
 
We believe that there have been no significant changes in our market risk exposures for the three months ended January 31, 2011.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures : As required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for the Exchange Act, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of January 31, 2011, the period covered by this report in that they provide reasonable assurance that the information we are required to disclose in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods required by the SEC.
 
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting : There were no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We routinely review or internal control over financial reporting and, from time to time, make changes intended to enhance the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We will continue to evaluate the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting on an ongoing basis and will take action as appropriate.
 
 
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.
LEGAL  PROCEEDINGS
 
We are not presently involved in any legal proceedings and were not involved in any such legal proceedings during the three months ended January 31, 2011.
 
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
 
We are supplementing the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2010 with the risk factors below.
 
Risks Related to Our Financial Position and Need for Additional Capital
 
We require substantial additional capital to continue as a going concern, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain such capital on favorable terms, or at all.
 
To date, we have incurred significant net losses and negative cash flow in each year since our inception, including net losses of approximately $10.5 million and $33.2 million for the years ended April 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively and $7.1 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2011.  As of January 31, 2011 our accumulated deficit was approximately $88.5 million.  These amounts raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.  We will need to raise additional capital through debt and/or equity offerings in order to continue to develop our drug products.  Based on our working capital at January 31, 2011, the additional $861,000 received under the Note Purchase Agreement, and the $2,139,000 remaining under the Note Purchase agreement, we believe we have sufficient capital on hand to continue to fund operations through June 30, 2011.
 
The additional financing we will need to continue to develop our drug products, may not be available on favorable terms, if at all.  If we are not able to raise sufficient funds in the future, we may be required delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our research and development activities.  In addition, we may be forced to reduce or discontinue product development or product licensing, reduce or forego sales and marketing efforts and forego other business opportunities in order to improve our liquidity to enable us to continue operations.  
 
As a result of the foregoing circumstances our independent registered public accounting firm has included, and is likely in the future to include, an explanatory paragraph in their audit opinions based on uncertainty regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.  An audit opinion of this type may affect our ability to obtain debt or equity financing in the future.
 
We could incur significant tax liabilities under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code and other tax penalties.
 
As a result of our review of option grants made by us between February 1998 and April 2009, we have determined that certain options granted in prior years may have been non-compliant with Section 409A of the IRC, including options granted with an exercise price below fair market value on the date of grant and options that were modified such that they may have become non-compliant with Section 409A. The primary adverse tax consequence of Section 409A non-compliance is that the holders of non-compliant options are taxed on the value of such options as they vest, and annually thereafter until they are exercised.  In addition to ordinary income taxes, holders of non-compliant options are subject to a 20% penalty tax under Section 409A (and, as applicable, similar excise taxes under state laws).
 
 
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Because virtually all holders of stock options granted by us were not involved in or aware that the pricing and/or modification of their options raised these issues, we intend to take actions to address certain of the adverse tax consequences that may apply to these holders. In addition, on March 17, 2011 we entered into indemnification agreements with our executive officers that indemnify those officers from potential Section 409A tax liabilities arising from their prior option awards.
 
In addition to adverse consequences for option holders, we have determined that certain payroll taxes, interest and penalties may apply to us under various sections of the IRC (and, as applicable similar state and foreign tax statutes) related to the potential Section 409A non-compliance.  As of January 31, 2011, the Company has accrued approximately $550,000 in other current liabilities for the contingent liability. The Company’s investigation of the matter is still on-going and there exists the possibility of adverse outcomes that the Company estimates could reach approximately $500,000 beyond our recorded amount. Were unfavorable outcomes to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on our financial statements for the period in which the effects become reasonably estimable.
 
Risks Related to Commercialization and Product Development
 
We currently have no approved drug products for sale and we cannot guarantee that we will ever have marketable drug products.
 
We currently have no approved drug products for sale. The research, testing, manufacturing, labeling, approval, selling, marketing, and distribution of drug products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory authorities in the United States and other countries, with regulations differing from country to country. We are not permitted to market our product in the United States until we receive approval of a new drug application, or an NDA, from the FDA for each product candidate. We have not submitted an NDA or received marketing approval for any of our product candidates. Obtaining approval of an NDA is a lengthy, expensive and uncertain process. Markets outside of the United States also have requirements for approval of drug candidates which we must comply with prior to marketing. Accordingly, we cannot guarantee that we will ever have marketable drug products.
 
 Any collaboration we enter with third parties to develop and commercialize our product candidates may place the development of our product candidates outside our control, may require us to relinquish important rights or may otherwise be on terms unfavorable to us.
 
We may enter into collaborations with third parties to develop and commercialize our product candidates, including Oxycyte. Our dependence on future partners for development and commercialization of our product candidates would subject us to a number of risks, including:
 
  
we may not be able to control the amount and timing of resources that our partners may devote to the development or commercialization of product candidates or to their marketing and distribution;
 
  
partners may delay clinical trials, provide insufficient funding for a clinical trial program, stop a clinical trial or abandon a product candidate, repeat or conduct new clinical trials or require a new formulation of a product candidate for clinical testing;
 
  
disputes may arise between us and our partners that result in the delay or termination of the research, development or commercialization of our product candidates or that result in costly litigation or arbitration that diverts management’s attention and resources;
 
  
partners may experience financial difficulties;
 
  
partners may not properly maintain or defend our intellectual property rights, or may use our proprietary information, in such a way as to invite litigation that could jeopardize or invalidate our intellectual property rights or proprietary information or expose us to potential litigation;
 
  
business combinations or significant changes in a partner’s business strategy may adversely affect a partner’s willingness or ability to meet its obligations under any arrangement;
 
  
a partner could independently move forward with a competing product candidate developed either independently or in collaboration with others, including our competitors; and
 
  
the collaborations with our partners may be terminated or allowed to expire, which would delay the development and may increase the cost of developing our product candidates.
 
 
37

 
 
Delays in the commencement, enrollment and completion of clinical testing could result in increased costs to us and delay or limit our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.
 
Delays in the commencement, enrollment and completion of clinical testing could significantly affect our product development costs. We do not know whether planned clinical trials for Oxycyte will begin on time or be completed on schedule, if at all. The commencement and completion of clinical trials requires us to identify and maintain a sufficient number of trial sites, many of which may already be engaged in other clinical trial programs for the same indication as our product candidates or may be required to withdraw from our clinical trial as a result of changing standards of care or may become ineligible to participate in clinical studies. The commencement, enrollment and completion of clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of other reasons, including delays related to:
 
  
reaching agreements on acceptable terms with prospective CROs and trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and trial sites;
 
  
obtaining regulatory approval to commence a clinical trial;
 
  
obtaining institutional review board, or IRB, approval to conduct a clinical trial at numerous prospective sites;
 
  
recruiting and enrolling patients to participate in clinical trials for a variety of reasons, including meeting the enrollment criteria for our study and competition from other clinical trial programs for the same indication as our product candidates;
 
  
retaining patients who have initiated a clinical trial but may be prone to withdraw due to the treatment protocol, lack of efficacy, personal issues or side effects from the therapy or who are lost to further follow-up;
 
  
maintaining and supplying clinical trial material on a timely basis; and
 
  
collecting, analyzing and reporting final data from the clinical trials.
 
In addition, a clinical trial may be suspended or terminated by us, the FDA or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including:
 
  
failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols;
 
  
inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial sites by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold;
 
  
unforeseen safety issues or any determination that a trial presents unacceptable health risks; and
 
  
lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial, including unforeseen costs due to enrollment delays, requirements to conduct additional trials and studies and increased expenses associated with the services of our CROs and other third parties.
 
Changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur and we may need to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes with appropriate regulatory authorities. Amendments may require us to resubmit our clinical trial protocols to IRBs for re-examination, which may impact the costs, timing or successful completion of a clinical trial. If we experience delays in the completion of, or if we terminate, our clinical trials, the commercial prospects for our product candidates will be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenues will be delayed. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of a product candidate. Even if we are able to ultimately commercialize our product candidates, other therapies for the same or similar indications may have been introduced to the market and established a competitive advantage.
 
 
38

 
 
We have little experience marketing a commercial product, and if we are unable to establish, or access an effective and focused sales force and marketing infrastructure, we will not be able to commercialize our product candidates successfully.
 
Commercializing our product candidates will require that we establish significant internal sales, distribution and marketing capabilities, which we do not currently have. For example, in order to commercialize Dermacyte, we intend to develop a focused sales force and marketing capabilities in the United States directed at dermatologists, medi-spas, and salons. The development of a focused sales and marketing infrastructure for our domestic operations will require substantial resources, will be expensive and time consuming and could negatively impact our commercialization efforts, including delay of any product launch. We may not be able to hire a focused sales force in the United States that is sufficient in size or has adequate expertise in the markets that we intend to target. If we are unable to establish our focused sales force and marketing capability for our products, we may not be able to generate any product revenue, may generate increased expenses and may never become profitable.
 
We expect intense competition with respect to our existing and future cosmetic product candidates.
 
The cosmetic industry is highly competitive, with a number of established, large companies, as well as many smaller companies. Many of these companies have greater financial resources and marketing capabilities for product candidates.
 
Competitors may seek to develop alternative formulations of our product candidates that address our targeted indications. The commercial opportunity for our cosmetic product candidates could be significantly harmed if competitors are able to develop alternative formulations outside the scope of our products. Compared to us, many of our potential competitors have substantially greater:
 
  
capital resources;
 
  
research and development resources, including personnel and technology;
 
  
expertise in prosecution of intellectual property rights;
 
  
manufacturing and distribution experience; and
 
  
sales and marketing resources and experience.
 
As a result of these factors, our competitors may obtain patent protection or other intellectual property rights that limit our ability to develop or commercialize our cosmetic product candidates. Our competitors may also develop products that are more effective, useful and less costly than ours and may also be more successful than us in manufacturing and marketing their products.
 
 
39

 
 
Risks Related to Regulatory Matters
 
It is difficult and costly to protect our proprietary rights, and we may not be able to ensure their protection.
 
Our commercial success will depend in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our product candidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against third-party challenges. Our ability to stop third parties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products is dependent upon the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents or trade secrets that cover these activities.
 
We license certain intellectual property from third parties that covers our product candidates. We rely on certain of these third parties to file, prosecute and maintain patent applications and otherwise protect the intellectual property to which we have a license, and we have not had and do not have primary control over these activities for certain of these patents or patent applications and other intellectual property rights. We cannot be certain that such activities by third parties have been or will be conducted in compliance with applicable laws and regulations or will result in valid and enforceable patents and other intellectual property rights. Our enforcement of certain of these licensed patents or defense of any claims asserting the invalidity of these patents would also be subject to the cooperation of the third parties.
 
The patent positions of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal principles remain unresolved. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in biopharmaceutical patents has emerged to date in the United States. The biopharmaceutical patent situation outside the United States is even more uncertain. Changes in either the patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United States and other countries may diminish the value of our intellectual property. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims that may be allowed or enforced in the patents we own or to which we have a license from a third-party. Further, if any of our patents are deemed invalid and unenforceable, it could impact our ability to commercialize or license our technology.
 
The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain because legal means afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or keep our competitive advantage. For example:
 
  
others may be able to make compositions or formulations that are similar to our product candidates but that are not covered by the claims of our patents;
 
  
we might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by our issued patents or pending patent applications;
 
  
we might not have been the first to file patent applications for these inventions;
 
  
others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies;
 
  
it is possible that our pending patent applications will not result in issued patents;
 
  
our issued patents may not provide us with any competitive advantages, or may be held invalid or unenforceable as a result of legal challenges by third parties;
 
  
we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable; or
 
  
the patents of others may have an adverse effect on our business.
 
 
40

 
 
We also may rely on trade secrets to protect our technology, especially where we do not believe patent protection is appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. Although we use reasonable efforts to protect our trade secrets, our employees, consultants, contractors, outside scientific collaborators and other advisors may unintentionally or willfully disclose our information to competitors. Enforcing a claim that a third party illegally obtained and is using any of our trade secrets is expensive and time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the United States are sometimes less willing to protect trade secrets. Moreover, our competitors may independently develop equivalent knowledge, methods and know-how.
 
We may incur substantial costs as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to patent and other intellectual property rights and we may be unable to protect our rights to, or use, our technology.
 
If we or our partners choose to go to court to stop someone else from using the inventions claimed in our patents, that individual or company has the right to ask the court to rule that these patents are invalid and/or should not be enforced against that third party. These lawsuits are expensive and would consume time and other resources even if we were successful in stopping the infringement of these patents. In addition, there is a risk that the court will decide that these patents are not valid and that we do not have the right to stop the other party from using the inventions. There is also the risk that, even if the validity of these patents is upheld, the court will refuse to stop the other party on the ground that such other party’s activities do not infringe our rights to these patents.
 
Furthermore, a third party may claim that we or our manufacturing or commercialization partners are using inventions covered by the third party’s patent rights and may go to court to stop us from engaging in our normal operations and activities, including making or selling our product candidates. These lawsuits are costly and could affect our results of operations and divert the attention of managerial and technical personnel. There is a risk that a court would decide that we or our commercialization partners are infringing the third party’s patents and would order us or our partners to stop the activities covered by the patents. In addition, there is a risk that a court will order us or our partners to pay the other party damages for having violated the other party’s patents. We have agreed to indemnify certain of our commercial partners against certain patent infringement claims brought by third parties. The biotechnology industry has produced a proliferation of patents, and it is not always clear to industry participants, including us, which patents cover various types of products or methods of use. The coverage of patents is subject to interpretation by the courts, and the interpretation is not always uniform. If we are sued for patent infringement, we would need to demonstrate that our products or methods of use either do not infringe the patent claims of the relevant patent and/or that the patent claims are invalid, and we may not be able to do this. Proving invalidity, in particular, is difficult since it requires a showing of clear and convincing evidence to overcome the presumption of validity enjoyed by issued patents.
 
Because some patent applications in the United States may be maintained in secrecy until the patents are issued, because patent applications in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions are typically not published until eighteen months after filing and because publications in the scientific literature often lag behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that others have not filed patent applications for technology covered by our issued patents or our pending applications, or that we were the first to invent the technology. Our competitors may have filed, and may in the future file, patent applications covering technology similar to ours. Any such patent application may have priority over our patent applications or patents, which could further require us to obtain rights to issued patents by others covering such technologies. If another party has filed a U.S. patent application on inventions similar to ours, we may have to participate in an interference proceeding declared by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to determine priority of invention in the United States. The costs of these proceedings could be substantial, and it is possible that such efforts would be unsuccessful if, unbeknownst to us, the other party had independently arrived at the same or similar invention prior to our own invention, resulting in a loss of our U.S. patent position with respect to such inventions.
 
Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. In addition, any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise the funds necessary to continue our operations.
 
 
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Risks Related to Owning Our Common Stock
 
Our share price has been volatile and may continue to be volatile which may subject us to securities class action litigation in the future.
 
The market price of shares of our common stock has been, and may be in the future, subject to wide fluctuations in response to many risk factors listed in this section, and others beyond our control, including:
 
  
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition and operating results;
 
  
status and/or results of our clinical trials;
 
  
results of clinical trials of our competitors’ products;
 
  
regulatory actions with respect to our products or our competitors’ products;
 
  
actions and decisions by our collaborators or partners;
 
  
actual or anticipated changes in our growth rate relative to our competitors;
 
  
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our competitors’ operating results or changes in their growth rate;
 
  
competition from existing products or new products that may emerge;
 
  
issuance of new or updated research or reports by securities analysts;
 
  
fluctuations in the valuation of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us;
 
  
share price and volume fluctuations attributable to inconsistent trading volume levels of our shares;
 
  
market conditions for biopharmaceutical stocks in general; and
 
  
general economic and market conditions.
 
 
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On April 30, 2010 the closing price of our common stock was $5.00 as compared with $2.05 as of January 31, 2011. During the twelve months ended April 30, 2010, the lowest closing price of our common stock was $2.25 and the highest closing price was $14.01.
 
Some companies that have had volatile market prices for their securities have had securities class action lawsuits filed against them. Such lawsuits, should they be filed against us in the future, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
We are likely to attempt to raise additional capital through issuances of debt or equity securities, which may cause our stock price to decline, dilute the ownership interests of our existing stockholders, and/or limit our financial flexibility.
 
Historically we have financed our operations through the issuance of equity securities and debt financings, and we expect to continue to do so for the foreseeable future.  Based on our working capital at January 31, 2011, the additional $861,000 received under the Note Purchase Agreement, and the $2,139,000 remaining under the Note Purchase agreement, we believe we have sufficient capital on hand to continue to fund operations through June 30, 2011. To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interests.  Debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that limit our financial flexibility or otherwise restrict our ability to pursue our business strategies. Additionally, if we issue shares of common stock, or securities convertible or exchangeable for common stock, the market price of our existing common stock may decline. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining any additional capital resources in a timely manner, on favorable terms, or at all.
 
ITEM 2.  UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
 
In the third quarter of fiscal 2011, we issued to Christian Stern, our Chief Executive Officer, 1,493 shares of common stock as compensation pursuant to the terms of his compensation agreement.  The shares were valued at $3,069 at the date of issue.
 
All of the securities described above were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933.
ITEM 3.  DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
 
 
None .
 
ITEM 4. ( REMOVED AND RESERVED)
 
 
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
 
 
On March 17, 2011, our Compensation Committee and Board of Directors performed their annual review of base salaries for our named executive officers, and determined to make no salary increases at this time.
 
Also on March 17, 2011, our Board of Directors determined that, effective May 1, 2011, the fees paid to our non-employee directors, which are currently paid fully in cash, will instead be paid 50% in cash and 50% in restricted stock vesting over a three-year period.
 
On March 21, 2011, we entered into indemnification agreements with each of Chris Stern, our Chief Executive Officer, and Michael Jebsen, our Chief Financial Officer, which provide that in respect of acts or omissions occurring prior to such time as the executive officer ceases to serve as our officer and/or director the applicable executive officer will receive (i) indemnification and advancement of expenses to the executive officer to the extent provided under our Certificate of Incorporation and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law and (ii) indemnification against any adverse tax consequences in connection with prior option awards that may have been non-compliant with Section 409A of the IRC.
 
 
 
43

 
 
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
 
 
No.
 
Description
     
10.1
 
Severance Agreement with Kirk Harrington dated December 6, 2010 (1)
     
10.2
 
Employment Agreement with Michael B. Jebsen dated December 7, 2010 (1)
     
10.3
 
First Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated December 29, 2010, between Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. and JP SPC 1 Vatea, Segregated Portfolio (2)
     
10.4   Master Agreement with Dermacyte Switzerland dated December 15, 2010
     
10.5   Amendment no. 1 to Master Agreement with Dermacyte Switzerland dated December 16, 2010
     
10.6
 
Lease Agreement for North Carolina corporate office dated January 27, 2011
     
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
     
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
     
32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
32.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
(1)   
These documents were filed as exhibits to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed by Oxygen Biotherapeutics with the SEC on December 9, 2010, and are incorporated herein by reference.
 
(2)  
This document was filed as an exhibit to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Oxygen Biotherapeutics with the SEC on December 30, 2010, and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
44

 
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
 
       
Date: March 21, 2011
By:
/s/ Chris J. Stern  
    Chris J. Stern  
   
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
     
       
 
By:
 /s/ Michael B. Jebsen  
    Michael B. Jebsen  
   
Secretary and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
       
 
 
45
 
 
 

 
Exhibit 10.4
 
MASTER AGREEMENT
 
This Master Agreement, effective as of December 15, 2010 (the “Effective Date”), is entered by and between Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc., with its principal place of business at 2530 Meridian Parkway, Suite 3078, Durham, NC  27713 (“OBI”) and Dermacyte Switzerland Ltd. with a place of business located at EtzelbIickstrasse I, 8834 Schindellegi, Switzerland (“Company”).
 
WHEREAS , OBI is the owner of certain cosmetic products that it wishes to sell in Europe; and
 
WHEREAS , Company desires to become the exclusive distributor of the OBI cosmetic products in Europe;
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:
 
1.  
DEFINITIONS .
 
(a)  
“CIF” stands for Cost Insurance Freight and means cargo insurance and delivery of goods to the named port of destination is responsibility of OBI, whether by ocean or air freight.
 
(b)  
“DDU” stands for Delivery Duty Unpaid and means Company is responsible for the import customs clearance and payment of customs duties and taxes.  OBI delivers the products to a specified location un-cleared for import, be it a port or terminal. Company is then responsible for freight and all costs from that location to theirs.
 
(c)  
"Deliverables" means the number of units of Product and other terms described in a Purchase Request
 
(d)  
 “Government Authority" means any governmental authority or court, tribunal, agency, department, commission, arbitrator, board, bureau, or instrumentality of the United States of America or any other country or territory, or domestic or foreign state, prefecture, province, commonwealth, city, county, municipality, territory, protectorate or possession.
 
(e)  
"Law" means all laws, statutes, ordinances, codes, regulations, and other pronouncements having the effect of law of any Government Authority.
 
(f)  
“Product” means OBIs proprietary cosmetic products, marketed under the trademarked name Dermacyte®, and any White Label derivatives thereof.
 
 
1

 
 
(g)  
"Purchase Request" means an agreement signed by both parties, describing the Deliverables, including all fees involved, and stating that the agreement is a Purchase Request issued under and a part of this Agreement.  A sample Purchase Request is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
 
(h)  
“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
(i)  
“SIX” means the Swiss Exchange.
 
(j)  
“Territory” means the geographical regions which Company has been granted the exclusive right under this Agreement for direct marketing of the Dermacyte cosmetic brand.
 
(k)  
“White Label” means any OBI Dermacyte® Product packaged and marketed under a name other than Dermacyte®.
 
2.  
OWNERSHIP, TITLE AND RISK OF LOSS .
 
Ownership of, title to, and risk of loss for the Deliverables passes to Company upon OBI's delivery of the Deliverables via a nationally reputable carrier to a port in Europe, to be mutually agreed upon between the parties.  Delivery is CIF DDU Europe.
 
3.  
INVOICES AND TAXES .
 
(a)  
All Deliverables will be deemed accepted upon receipt unless Company notifies OBI of any non-conformity, in accordance with the section on Non-Conformity contained herein.
 
(b)  
Company agrees to pay for all Deliverables as follows:
 
i.  
Thirty-three percent (33%) in advance of shipment, such payment to be made at the time of the Purchase Request submission via wire transfer.
 
ii.  
Balance due within thirty (30) days of delivery of Product, in accordance with Section 2 above.
 
(c)  
To the extent that the transactions under this Agreement are subject to any sales, use, value added or any other taxes, payment of these taxes, if any, is Company's responsibility.
 
(d)  
The parties are individually liable for any and all taxes on any and all income it receives under this Agreement.
 
 
2

 
 
4.  
NON-CONFORMITY
 
(a)  
In the event that a shipment of Product fails to conform to Purchase Request or to meet any warranty hereunder, Company shall notify OBI within ten (10) days of receipt of Product.  Notification of non-conformity must (1) be in writing, and (2) contain specific details regarding the nature of the defects, and (3) specify the number of units affected.  Upon receipt of such notice, OBI shall advise Company on whether to return such Products to OBI or store them pending instructions from OBI as to their disposal.  Issuance of the notice of non-conformity shall be deemed a rejection of that portion of the shipment which was non-conforming and payments made in advance of rejected Product shall be credited to the next Purchase Request or replacement Product will be immediately shipped, at OBIs sole discretion.
 
(b)  
OBI is responsible for all storage and shipping costs of rejected Product.
 
5.  
MINIMUM QUANTITY
 
During the term of this Agreement, Company shall purchase Product as follows:
 
(a)  
One thousand (1,000) units, purchased by OKAL Consulting Ltd prior to this Agreement shall be credited against the minimum quantities due hereunder; and
 
(b)  
Ten thousand units (10,000) on or before June 30, 2011; and
 
(c)  
Twenty-nine thousand (29,000) units on or before December 31, 2011, for an aggregate minimum purchase requirement of forty thousand (40,000) units.
 
(d)  
Upon the purchase of sixty thousand (60,000) units on or before December 31, 2011, Company shall be granted a thirty (30) day option to add South America as a Territory under the same terms and conditions (“Option”).  This Option is non-exclusive until the triggering volume is achieved.
 
(e)  
After December 31, 2011, an annual growth rate of ten percent (10%) in units (on a calculation basis of 40,000 units) is required.
 
6.  
PRICING
 
(a)  
Company will receive the Product at a mutually agreed price, and sell the product at a mutually agreed retail price.  The price schedule will be reviewed and negotiated at least once per year, and each price schedule shall be automatically incorporated herein as Attachment 4 with no requirement to amend this  Agreement.
 
(b)  
Pricing will be determined on a mutual basis. OBI requires a margin of between 100% and 200% of its costs, preferably the latter.
 
(c)  
Volume based discounts may be applied as mutually agreed upon by the parties.
 
(d)  
Company and OBI will work together to develop retail pricing strategy for Product within Territory.
 
 
3

 
 
7.  
MARKETING
 
(a)  
Company is hereby granted the exclusive right to market Product in the Territory of Europe.  For purposes of this Agreement, Europe shall include all counties in the European Union, plus Russia and Switzerland.
 
(b)  
OBI will register the cosmetics for use in the Territory of Europe.
 
(c)  
Company will be responsible for all marketing and advertising costs incurred for disseminating Product information in the Territory. All marketing material carrying the Dermacyte ® name is to be submitted to OBI for approval at least thirty (30) days prior to use, which approval shall not be reasonably withheld.
 
(d)  
OBI will translate all existing OBI marketing material into German, French, and Spanish and provide such translations to Company.
 
(e)  
OBI will provide packaging inserts as required by Company in German, French, and Spanish.
 
(f)  
The parties entered into a Binding Letter of Intent (“LOI”), dated November 9, 2010, attached hereto as Attachment 1 and incorporated herein by reference. The LOI granted Company the right to use the Dermacyte® name for the purposes of establishing the Company.  The rights to use of the name shall remain in effect during the Term of this Agreement, including any extensions thereto.
 
(g)  
OBI shall have the right to market White Label.  Such White Labeled Products will be a formulation which contains no more than ten percent (10%) concentration of what OBI at that time is using as the proprietary perfluorocarbon in cosmetics, i.e. either perfluoro-tert-butylcyclohexane (“FtBu”), or perfluore-n-butylhexane (FnBu).
 
(h)  
Upon mutual agreement and approval, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld, Company may purchase Product without packaging and is hereby authorized to create and use their own Product packaging, at Company’s sole expense.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, all packaging must be submitted to OBI for written approval prior to use. OBI will provide the required assistance and guidance as to packaging text. If requested by Company, OBI will provide the text for packaging inserts.
 
(i)  
Company will be granted links to all OBI Product related websites.
 
(j)  
Company is authorized to create and maintain a website for the purpose of marketing Product within the Territory.  OBI will provide Company with website frames and assistance as needed in developing Company website.   Notwithstanding the foregoing, all website content must be submitted to OBI for review and approval prior to publishing.  All content on the Company website shall maintain the same format and design as the OBI website, whose domain name is www.buydermacyte.com.  Any upgrade to the OBI website shall require a similar upgrade to the Company website.  OBI will be responsible for providing Company with notifications of upgrades to the OBI website.
 
 
4

 
 
(k)   
OBI agrees to route all website access from the Territory to Company website.
 
(l)   
Both parties will collaborate on developing new marketing insight and guidelines, gathering market intelligence, and using such information for future product development.
 
8.  
WARRANTIES.
 
(a)  
Mutual Warranties . Each party represents, warrants and covenants to the other that:
 
i.   
General . It: (a) is a company duly organized and validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of its jurisdiction of organization; (b) is qualified or licensed to do business and in good standing in every jurisdiction where qualification or licensing is required; and (c) has the corporate power and authority to negotiate, execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Agreement.
 
ii.   
Law Compliance . It complies with all applicable Laws, including those of the SEC and SIX.
 
(b)  
Warranties by OBI. OBI represents, warrants and covenants to Company that:
 
i.   
Warranty Length . For a period of thirty (30) days after receipt, the Deliverables conform to the requirements of this Agreement, are free from any defect in material and workmanship, and are free of all liens, claims, and encumbrances of any kind.
 
ii.   
Infringement . As of the Effective Date, the Deliverables do not violate any patent, trade secret, or other intellectual property or proprietary rights of any third.
 
iii.   
No Litigation . There is no actual or threatened litigation: (a) that affects its ability to comply with this Agreement, or (b) concerning the Deliverables.
 
iv.   
Availability .  OBI will have sufficient Product available to fill all Purchase Requests in the quantities stated in Section 5 above within ten (10) weeks of receipt of Purchase Request. The parties mutually agree that they will institute a supply chain planning process to make sure capacities exceeding 10,000 units per quarter can be supplied, if needed. Orders in excess of the Minimum Quantities per quarter shall be provided within a timeframe to be mutually agreed to by the parties.
 
 
5

 
 
(c)  
Disclaimer . EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY STATED IN THIS AGREEMENT, OBI AND COMPANY EACH MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS AND EXTEND NO WARRANTIES OR COVENANTS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
9.  
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY .
 
THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISION APPLIES IN THE AGGREGATE AND NOT ON A PER CLAIM BASIS, WHETHER ANY DAMAGES ARE CHARACTERIZED IN TORT, NEGLIGENCE, CONTRACT, OR OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER A PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF OR COULD HAVE FORESEEN ANY DAMAGES, AND IRRESPECTIVE OF ANY FAILURE OF ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF A LIMITED REMEDY. THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISION DOES NOT LIMIT A PARTY'S LIABILITY FOR GROSS NEGLIGENCE, INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATIONS, BREACH OF CONFIDENTIALITY REQUIREMENTS, INTENTIONAL MISCONDUCT, INTENTIONAL TORTS AND INTENTIONAL VIOLATIONS OF LAW. NEITHER PARTY IS LIABLE TO THE OTHER OR ANY THIRD PARTY UNDER THIS AGREEMENT FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF, OR RESULTING FROM, THIS AGREEMENT. EACH PARTY'S LIABILITY SHALL NOT EXCEED THE AMOUNTS PAID UNDER THIS AGREEMENT IN THE ONE (1) YEAR PERIOD PRIOR TO THE DATE THE CLAIM AROSE.
 
10.  
INDEMNIFICATION .
 
The term "Claim" means any claim, suit or action by any third party, and the term "Losses" means any damages awarded and fines assessed in any Claim by a court of competent jurisdiction, or pursuant to an arbitration proceeding, any amounts due under a Claim settlement, and any other costs or expenses incurred in complying with any injunctive or equitable relief or any settlement requirements.
 
(a)  
Party Indemnification.
 
i.   
Indemnification by OBI . Upon receipt of notice from Company requesting OBI to do so, OBI agrees to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Company and its affiliates, subsidiaries, shareholders, members, directors, officers, employees, agents, and parents, from and against any Claim, and any associated Losses to the extent caused by violation of any patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret, or other intellectual property or proprietary right due to OBI providing the Deliverables (except to the extent a Claim is caused by Company's internally created specifications).
 
 
6

 
 
ii.   
Indemnification by Company. Upon receipt of notice from OBI requesting Company to do so, Company agrees to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless OBI and its affiliates, subsidiaries, shareholders, members, directors, officers, employees, agents, and parents, from and against any Claim, and any associated Losses to the extent caused by violation of any patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret, or other intellectual property or proprietary right to the extent caused by Company's internally created specifications or Company's use of the Deliverables.
 
(b)  
Indemnification Procedures . The term "indemnifying party" means the party assuming indemnification obligations under this Agreement, and the term "indemnified party" means all parties, including any third parties, which the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify under this Agreement.
 
i. 
Notice . The indemnified party must give the indemnifying party prompt written notice of a Claim.  When the indemnifying party receives notice of a Claim from an indemnified party, the indemnifying party agrees, at its sole cost and expense, to assume the defense of the Claim by representatives chosen by the indemnifying party. The indemnified party may participate in the defense of the Claim and employ counsel at its own expense to assist in the defense of the Claim, subject to the indemnifying party retaining final authority and control over the conduct of the defense.
 
ii.   
Conduct of Defense . The indemnifying party's defense attorneys must be reasonably experienced and qualified in the areas of litigation applicable to the defense. The indemnifying party has the right to assert any defenses, causes of action or counterclaims arising from the subject of the Claim available to the indemnified party and also has the right to settle the Claim, subject to the indemnified party's prior written consent to the extent the settlement affects the rights or obligations of the indemnified party. The indemnified party agrees to provide the indemnifying party with reasonable assistance, as may be reasonably requested by the indemnifying party in connection with any defense, including, without limitation, providing the indemnifying party with information, documents, records and reasonable access to the indemnified party as the indemnifying party reasonably deems necessary.
 
 
7

 
 
11.  
INSURANCE
 
The parties shall maintain insurance in such amounts and types as are required to meet their obligations under this Agreement, including but not limited to, Product Liability Insurance.
 
12.  
TERM AND TERMINATION.
 
(a)  
Term . The term of this Agreement (together with any renewals, the "Term") begins on the Effective Date and expires five (5) years later. Any renewal term shall be mutually agreed to by the parties in writing twelve months before expiration of the agreement.
 
(b)  
Survival . The following captioned sections survive any termination, expiration or non-renewal of this Agreement: "Disclaimer", "Limitation of Liability", "Indemnification", "Survival" and "General", as well as any other provisions expressly stating that they are perpetual or survive this Agreement.
 
(c)  
Termination for Insolvency . If either party is adjudged insolvent or bankrupt, or upon the institution of any proceedings by it seeking relief, reorganization or arrangement under any Laws relating to insolvency, or if an involuntary petition in bankruptcy is filed against a party and the petition is not discharged within sixty (60) days after filing, or upon any assignment for the benefit of a party's creditors, or upon the appointment of a receiver, liquidator or trustee of any of a party's assets, or upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of its business (each, an "Event of Bankruptcy"), then the party affected by any Event of Bankruptcy must immediately give notice of the Event of Bankruptcy to the other party, and the other party may terminate this Agreement by notice to the affected party.
 
(d)  
Termination for Breach . If either party breaches any provision contained in this Agreement, and the breach is not cured within thirty (30) days after the breaching party receives notice of the breach from the non-breaching party, the non-breaching party may then deliver a second notice to the breaching party immediately terminating this Agreement. Failure to purchase the minimum quantities in the stated timeframes or to pay for Product when due shall be deemed a material breach.  If two or more breaches occur within a twelve month rolling period, OBI shall have the right, at its sole discretion, to terminate the
 
13.  
FORCE MAJEURE .
 
Any failure or delay by a party in the performance of its obligations under this Agreement is not a default or breach of the Agreement or a ground for termination under this Agreement to the extent the failure or delay is due to elements of nature or acts of God, acts of war, terrorism, riots, revolutions, or strikes or other factor beyond the reasonable control of a party (each, a "Force Majeure Event"). The party failing or delaying due to a Force Majeure Event agrees to give notice to the other party which describes the Force Majeure Event and includes a good faith estimate as to the impact of the Force Majeure Event upon its responsibilities under this Agreement, including, but not limited to, any scheduling changes. However, should any failure to perform or delay in performance due to a Force Majeure Event last longer than thirty (30) days, or should three (3) Force Majeure Events apply to the performance of a party during any calendar year, the party not subject to the Force Majeure Event may terminate this Agreement by notice to the party subject to the Force Majeure Event.
 
 
8

 
 
14.  
CONFIDENTIALITY
 
(a)  
The parties have entered into a Confidential Disclosure Agreement, dated September 2, 2010 (“CDA”) which is attached hereto as Attachment 2 and incorporated herein by reference.  The Term of the CDA is hereby amended to remain in effect for the longer of (a) three years from the Effective Date or (b) until termination of this Master Agreement.  All other terms and conditions remain in full force and effect.
 
(b)  
Company has entered into a Regulation FD Confidentiality and Trading Agreement dated November 9, 2010, which is attached hereto as Attachment 3 and incorporated herein by reference (“Reg FD CDA”), which shall remain in effect during the course of this Master Agreement.  Company assumes full responsibility for ensuring that any affiliates, consultants or other third party providers, where required by laws governing insider trading, are bound by an agreement containing terms at least those as stringent as those contained in the Reg FD CDA,
 
(c)  
Each Party shall maintain the confidentiality of this Agreement and all provisions of this Agreement and, without the prior consent of the other Party, no Party shall make any press release or other public announcement of or otherwise disclose this Agreement or any of its provisions to any third party (a) other than to its directors, officers and employees and attorneys, accountants, investment bankers and other professional advisers whose duties reasonably require to maintain the confidentiality of this Agreement and (b) except for such disclosures as may be required by applicable law or by regulation, in which case the disclosing Party shall provide the other Party with prompt advance notice of such disclosure so that the other Party has the opportunity if it so desires to seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy.
 
(d)  
The Parties acknowledge that this Agreement constitutes a material agreement for OBI and as such is subject to disclosure under the rules of the SEC and that such disclosure does not violate any provisions of confidentiality contained herein.
 
 
9

 

15.  
GENERAL .
 
(a)  
Entire Agreement and Amendments . This Agreement is the entire agreement between the parties and supersedes all earlier and simultaneous agreements regarding the subject matter, including, without limitation, any invoices, business forms, purchase orders, proposals or quotations. This Agreement may be amended only in a written document, signed by both parties.
 
(b)  
Audits.   OBI shall have the right audit Company for compliance and to check references of all key employees.
 
(c)  
Independent Contractors, Third Party Beneficiaries, and Subcontractors . The parties acknowledge that they are independent contractors under this Agreement, and except if expressly stated otherwise, none of the parties, nor any of their employees or agents, has the power or authority to bind or obligate another party. Except if expressly stated, no third party is a beneficiary of this Agreement. OBI may not subcontract any obligation under this Agreement without Company's prior written consent. Company can subcontract without OBI's consent. Each party is responsible for its subcontractors' compliance with and breach of this Agreement as if the subcontractors' acts and omissions were the party's own.
 
(d)  
Governing Law and Forum . All claims regarding this Agreement are governed by and construed in accordance with the Laws of North Carolina applicable to contracts wholly made and performed in such jurisdiction, except for any choice or conflict of Law principles, and must be litigated in North Carolina, regardless of the inconvenience of the forum, except that a party may seek temporary injunctive relief in any venue of its choosing. The parties acknowledge and agree that the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is specifically excluded from application to this Agreement.
 
(e)  
Assignment . This Agreement binds and inures to the benefit of the parties' successors and assigns.  This Agreement is not assignable, delegable, sublicenseable or otherwise transferable by any party in whole or in part without the prior written consent of the other party (or parties). Any transfer, assignment, delegation or sublicense by a party without such prior written consent is invalid. However, any party may assign this Agreement to a third party purchasing: (a) majority control of the party's equity shares; or (b) all or substantially all of either (i) a party's assets or (ii) the assets of the party's relevant business unit under this Agreement.
 
(f)  
No Waivers, Cumulative Remedies . A party's failure to insist upon strict performance of any provision of this Agreement is not a waiver of any of its rights under this Agreement. Except if expressly stated otherwise, all remedies under this Agreement, at Law or in equity, are cumulative and nonexclusive. Severability. If any portion of this Agreement is held to be unenforceable, the unenforceable portion must be construed as nearly as possible to reflect the original intent of the parties, the remaining portions remain in full force and effect, and the unenforceable portion remains enforceable in all other contexts and jurisdictions.
 
(g)  
Notices . All notices, including notices of address changes, under this Agreement must be sent by registered or certified mail or by overnight commercial delivery to the address set forth in this Agreement by each party.
 
(h)  
Captions and Plural Terms . All captions are for purposes of convenience only and are not to be used in interpretation or enforcement of this Agreement. Terms defined in the singular have the same meaning in the plural and vice versa.
 
[ SIGNATURES ON FOLLOWING PAGE]
 
 
10

 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the parties execute this Agreement as of the Effective Date. Each person who signs this Agreement below represents that such person is fully authorized to sign this Agreement on behalf of the applicable party.
 
  OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.  
       
 
By:
/s/ Chris J. Stern  
  Print Name:    Chris J. Stern  
  Title: Chairman & CEO  

 
  DERMACYTE SWITZERLAND LTD  
       
 
By:
/s/   
  Print Name:    
  Title:    

 
11

 
 
EXHIBIT A
 
SAMPLE PURCHASE REQUEST
 
 
 

 
 
 
12

 

Purchase Request # _
Under
Master  Agreement
 
This Purchase Request is made as of this __ day of ____, ____ (the “Effective Date”), under the terms and conditions established in the Master Agreement, dated _________ (the "MA”) between Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc ( “OBI” ) and Dermacyte Switzerland Ltd.  ( Company ).
 
The parties hereby agree as follows:
 
1.   Incorporation by Reference
 
Pursuant to Article 1(d) of the MA, this Purchase Request and all Exhibits attached hereto, including any amendments thereto, are incorporated into the MA.  Both Parties acknowledge they have read and understood the MSA and hereby affirm that the terms and conditions of the MA shall govern this Purchase Request and all Exhibits attached thereto.
 
2.   Deliverables
 
Product:
 
Quantity:
 
Delivery Date:
 
Special Instructions:
 
Total Amount Due to OBI:
 
Payment Wire Transfer#:
 

3.   Shipping Instructions
 
Shipping Address:      _________________________

Billing Address:           _________________________

 
 
DERMACYTE SWITZERLAND LTD
 
 
Signature:
 
 
Name:
 
 
Title:
 
 
Date:
 
 
 
13

 

ATTACHMENT 1 – Binding Letter of Intent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14

 

ATTACHMENT 2 – Confidential Disclosure Agreement
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15

 

ATTACHMENT 3 – Regulation FD Confidentiality and Trading Agreement
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16

 

ATTACHMENT 4 – Pricing Schedule
 

 

 
 
 
 
 
17
 
 
Exhibit 10.5
 
AMENDMENT No. 1 TO MASTER AGREEMENT
 
This Amendment No.1 to Master Agreement (“Amendment”) is made and entered into as of December 16, 2010 by and between Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc., including its directors, officers, employees and agents  (“OBI") and Dermacyte Switzerland, Ltd  including its directors, officers, employees and agents (“DSL”).
 
RECITALS
 
A.
OBI and DSL entered into a Master Agreement dated December 15, 2010 (the “Master Agreement”); and
 
B.
OBI and DSL wish to amend the terms of the Master Agreement as set forth below.
 
NOW, THEREFORE , it is hereby agreed as follows:
 
1.  
The first sentence in Section 6(a) is deleted and replaced with the following:  “Company will receive the Product at a mutually agreed price.”
 
2.  
 Except as expressly provided in this Amendment, all other terms, conditions and provisions of the Master Agreement shall continue in full force and effect as provided therein.
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF , OBI and Institution have entered into this Amendment effective as of the date first set forth above.
 
Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc.,   Dermacyte Switzerland, Ltd.  
           
 By:
/s/
  By:
/s/
 
Name:     Name:    
Title :     Title:    
Date:     Date:    
 
 
 

 
Exhibit 10.6
 
 
 
 
 
CONCOURSE ASSOCIATES, LLC

OFFICE LEASE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  1
 

 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Section 1:  
Basic Definitions and Provisions
1
 
a.  
Premises
1
 
b.  
Term
1
  c.
Permitted Use
1
  d.
Occupancy Limitation
1
  e
Base Rent
1
  f.
Rent Payment Address
2
  g.
Security Deposit
2
  h. 
Business Hours
2
  i. 
Electrical Service
2
  j.
After Hours HVAC Rate
2
  k.  Parking 2
  l.
Notice Addresses
2
  m.
Broker
2
       
Section 2.  
Leased Premises
 
  a.
Premises
3
  b.
Rentable Square Foot Determination
3
  c.
Common Areas
3
      3
Section 3:    Term  
  a.
Commencement and Expiration Dates
3
  b.
Adjustments to Commencement Date
3
  c.
Termination by Tenant for Failure to Deliver Possession
3
  d.
Delivery of Possession
3
  e.
Adjustment of Expiration Date
3
 
f.  
Right to Occupy
4
 
g.  
Commencement Agreement
4
      4
Section 4:    Use  
  a. 
Permitted Use
4
  b.
Prohibited Uses
4
  c. 
Prohibited Equipment in Premises
4
      4
Section 5:   Rent  
  a. 
Payment Obligations
5
  b.
Base Rent
5
  c. 
Additional Rent
5
 
 
1

 
 
Section 6:    Security Deposit 5
  a.
Amount of Deposit
5
  b.
Application of Deposit
5
  c.
Refund of Deposit
6
       
Section 7:    Services by Landlord 6
  a. 
Base Services
6
  b.
Landlord's Maintenance
6
  c. 
No Abatement
6
  d. 
Tenant's Obligation to Report Defects
7
  e. 
Limitation on Landlord's Liability
7
       
Section 8:    Tenant’s Acceptance and Maintenance of Premises 7
  a.
Acceptance of Premises
7
  b.
Move-in Obligations
7
  c.
Tenant's Maintenance
7
  d.
Alterations to Premises
7
  e.
Restoration of Premises
7
 
f. 
Landlord's Performance of Tenant's Obligations
8
 
g. 
Construction Liens
8
  h. Communications Compliance 8
 
i. 
Mold
8
       
Section 9:    Property of Tenant 8
  a.
Property Taxes
8
  b.
Removal
8
       
Section 10:   
Signs
9
       
Section 11: 
 
Access to Premises
9
  a.
Tenant's Access
9
  b.
Landlord's Access
9
  c. 
Emergency Access
9
 
 
2

 
 
Section 12:    Tenant’s Compliance 9
  a.
Laws
9
  b.
Rules and Regulations
9
       
Section 13:   ADA Compliance 9
 
a.  
Tenant's Compliance
9
 
b.  
Landlord's Compliance
9
  c. ADA Notices 10
       
Section 14:    Insurance Requirements 10
  a.
Tenant's Liability Insurance
10
  b.
Tenant's Property Insurance
10
  c.
Certificates of Insurance
10
  d.
Insurance Policy Requirements
10
  e. Landlord's Property Insurance 10
 
f.  
Mutual Waiver of Subrogation 10
       
Section 15:    Indemnity 11
  a. Indemnity 11
  b. Defense Obligation 11
       
Section 16:    Quiet Enjoyment 11
       
Section 17:  
 
Subordination; Attornment; Non-Disturbance; and Estoppel Certificate 11
 
a.  
Subordination and Attornment 11
  b. Non-Disturbance 11
  c.   Estoppel Certificates 12
       
Section 18:    Assignment – Sublease 12
  a. Landlord Consent 12
  b. Definition of Assignment 12
  c. Permitted Assignments/Subleases 12
  d. Notice to Landlord 12
  e. Prohibited Assignments/Sublease 12
 
f.  
Limitation on Rights of Assignee/Sublessee 12
 
g.  
Tenant Not Released 12
  h.   Landlord's Right to Collect Sublease Rents Upon Tenant Default 12
  i. Excess Rents 12
  j.   Landlord's Fees 12
  k. Unauthorized Assignment or Sublease 13
 
 
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Section 19:    Damages to Premises 13
  a. Landlord's Restoration Obligations 13
  b. Termination of Lease by Landlord 13
  c. Termination of Lease by Tenant 13
  d. Tenant's Restoration Obligations 13
  e. Rent Abatement 13
 
f.  
Waiver of Claims 13
       
Section 20:    Eminent Domain 14
  a. Effect on Lease 14
  b. Right to Condemnation Award 14
       
Section 21:   Environmental Compliance 14
  a. Environmental Laws 14
  b. Tenant's Responsibility 14
  c. Tenant's Liability 14
 
d.  
Limitation on Tenant's Liability 14
 
e.  
Inspections by Landlord 14
  f. Landlord's Liability 15
  g.   Property 15
  h. Tenant's Liability after Termination of Lease 15
       
Section 22:    Default 15
  a. Tenant's Default 15
  b. Landlord's Remedies 16
  c. Attorneys Fees 17
  d. No Accord and Satisfaction 17
  e. No Reinstatement 17
 
f.  
Summary Ejectment 17
       
Section 23:      Multiple Defaults 17
  a. Loss of Option Rights 17
  b. Increased Security Deposit 17
  c. Effect on Notice Rights and Cure Periods 17
 
 
4

 
 
 
Section 24:    Bankruptcy 18
  a. Trustee's Rights 18
  b. Adequate Assurance 18
  c. Assumption of Lease Obligations 18
       
Section 25:    Notices 18
  a. Addresses 18
  b. Form; Delivery; Receipt 18
  c. Address Changes 18
  d. Notice by Legal Counsel 18
       
Section 26:    Holding Over 19
       
Section 27:    Right to Relocate 19
  a.
Substitute Premises
19
  b.
Notice
19
  c.
Upfit of Substitute Premises
19
  d.
Relocation Costs
19
  e.
Lease Terms
19
 
f.  
Limitation on Landlord's Liability
19
       
Section 28:    Broker’s Commissions 19
  a.
Broker
19
  b.
Landlord's Obligation
19
  c.
Indemnity
19
 
 
5

 
 
 
Section 29:    Miscellaneous 20
  a.
No Agency
20
  b.
Force Majeure
20
  c.
Building Standard Improvements
20
  d.
Limitation on Damages
20
  e.
Satisfaction of Judgments Against Landlord
20
 
f.  
Interest
20
 
g.  
Legal Costs
20
  h.
Sale of Premises or Building
20
  i. 
Time of the Essence
20
  j.
Transfer of Security Deposit
20
  k. 
Tender of Premises
20
  l.
Tenant’s Financial Statements
20
  m.
Recordation
21
  n.
Severability
21
  o. 
Binding Effect
21
  p.
Entire Agreement
21
  q.
Good Standing
21
  r. 
Terminology
21
  s.
Headings
21
 
t.
Choice of Law
21
  u.
Effective Date
21
  v.
Landlord’s Lien
21
  w.
Joint and Several
21
  x. 
No Construction Against Preparer
21
       
Section 30:   Special Conditions 21
       
Section 31:    Addenda and Exhibits 22
  a.
Lease Addendum Number One – Operating Expense Pass Throughs
22
  b.
Lease Addendum Number Two – Workletter
22
  c.
Exhibit A – Premises
22
  d.
Exhibit B – Rules and Regulations
22
  e.
Exhibit C – Commencement Agreement
22
 
f.  
Exhibit D – Insurance Certificate
22
                      
 
6

 
 
State of North Carolina:
County of Wake:


OFFICE LEASE


THIS LEASE ("Lease"), made this ______ day of January, 2011, by and between CONCOURSE ASSOCIATES, LLC , a North Carolina limited liability company, (“Landlord”) and Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. , a North Carolina corporation, (“Tenant”), provides as follows:

1.   BASIC DEFINITIONS AND PROVISIONS. The following basic definitions and provisions apply to this Lease:

a.   Premises.            Rentable Square Feet:                                5,954
Usable Square Feet:                                    5,177
Core Area Factor (R/U ratio)                     1.15

Suite:                                490
Building:                          The Concourse Building
Street Address:              One Copley Parkway
City/County:                   Morrisville/Wake
State/Zip Code:              North Carolina/27560

b.   Term.                 Number of Months:        60
Commencement Date:   March 1, 2011
Expiration Date:             February 29, 2016

c.   Permitted Use.                                            General office in conjunction with Tenant’s business of biotherapeutics

d.   Occupancy Limitation.                            No more than four persons per one thousand (1,000) rentable square feet.

e.   Base Rent. The minimum base rent for the Term is $537,408.04, payable in monthly installments on the 1 st day of each month in accordance with the following Base Rent Schedule:
 
MONTHS
MONTHLY RENT
CUMULATIVE RENT
1-12
$8,434.83
$101,218.00
13-24
$8,687.88
$104,254.54
25-36
$8,950.85
$107,410.16
37-48
$9,218.78
$110,625.32
49-60
$9,491.67
$113,900.02
$537,408.04

If Tenant is in default of this Lease after any applicable notice and cure period, then in addition to all other rights and remedies of Landlord contained herein, all abated rent shall immediately become due and payable in full by Tenant to Landlord, including without limitation abated rent for any period both before and after the date of such default.  If, during the period that Base Rent is to be abated as provided in this section 1e, Base Rent is abated, in whole or in part, pursuant to any other provisions of this Lease, then such period of time shall be extended to the extent that such Base Rent are otherwise so abated.
 
 
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f.   Rent Payment Address.                      CONCOURSE ASSOCIATES, LLC
c/o Highwoods Properties, Inc.
3100 Smoketree Court, Suite 1100
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604

g.   Security Deposit.                              $8,434.83

h.   Business Hours.                                8:00 A.M. to 6:00 P.M. Monday through Friday (excluding
National and State Holidays).

i.   Electrical Service.                             Electrical circuits for convenience outlets as exist in the Premises on the Commencement Date.

j.   After Hours HVAC Rate.                   $35.00 per hour, per zone, with a minimum of two
(2) hours per occurrence.

k.   Parking.                                             Unreserved; not to exceed four spaces per 1000 rentable square feet.

l.   Notice Addresses.


LANDLORD:                          CONCOURSE ASSOCIATES, LLC
c/o Atlantic Investment Management, LLC
4104 Atlantic Avenue, Suite 140
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Attn:Rental Business Manager
Facsimile #: 919/876-2448

with a copy to:                      Highwoods Properties, Inc.
3100 Smoketree Court, Suite 600
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Attn: Corporate Counsel
Facsimile #: 919/872-2448
TENANT:                               Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc.
One Copley Parkway
Suite 490
Morrisville, NC  27560
Attn: Nancy Hecox, General Counsel
Facsimile #: 919/806-4417


m.   Broker.                                              Fred Dickens
Coldwell Banker Commercial
TradeMark Properties
 
 
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2.   LEASED PREMISES .

a.   Premises. Landlord leases to Tenant and Tenant leases from Landlord the Premises identified in Section 1a and as more particularly shown on Exhibit A , attached hereto.

b.   Rentable Square Foot Determination. The parties acknowledge that all square foot measurements are approximate and agree that the square footage figures in Section 1a shall be conclusive for all purposes with respect to this Lease.

c.   Common Areas. Tenant shall have non-exclusive access to the common areas of the Building. The common areas generally include space that is not included in portions of the building set aside for leasing to tenants or reserved for Landlord’s exclusive use, including entrances, hallways, lobbies, elevators, restrooms, walkways and plazas (“Common Areas”). Landlord has the exclusive right to (i) designate the Common Areas, (ii) change the designation of any Common Area and otherwise modify the Common Areas, and (iii) permit special use of the Common Areas, including temporary exclusive use for special occasions. Tenant shall not interfere with the rights of others to use the Common Areas. All use of the Common Areas shall be subject to any rules and regulations promulgated by Landlord.

3.   TERM .

a Commencement and Expiration Dates. The Lease Term commences on the Commencement Date and expires on the Expiration Date, as set forth in Section 1b.
 
 
b Adjustments to Commencement Date. The Commencement Date shall be adjusted as follows:

i.  
If Tenant requests possession of the Premises prior to the Commencement Date, and Landlord consents, the Commencement Date shall be the date of possession.  All rent and other obligations under this Lease shall begin on the date of possession, but the Expiration Date shall remain the same.

ii.  
If Landlord, for any reason, cannot deliver possession of the Premises to Tenant on the Commencement Date, then the Commencement Date, Expiration Date, and all other dates that may be affected by their change, shall be revised to conform to the date of Landlord's delivery of possession of the Premises to Tenant. Any such delay shall not relieve Tenant of its obligations under this Lease, and neither Landlord nor Landlord's agents shall be liable to Tenant for any loss or damage resulting from the delay in delivery of possession. Beginning thirty (30) days after the Commencement Date, if Landlord is unable to deliver possession of the Premises to Tenant, Landlord shall be responsible for all additional costs incurred by Tenant for alternate leased premises, where such costs exceed the Base Rent that would have otherwise been due under this Lease.

c. Termination by Tenant for Failure to Deliver Possession. In the event Landlord is unable to deliver possession of the Premises within sixty (60) days after the original Commencement Date set forth in the first sentence of this Section 3 (excluding any delays resulting from force majeure or caused by Tenant – “Excused Delays”), then Tenant may terminate this Lease by giving notice to Landlord within seventy-five (75) days of the original Commencement Date (excluding Excused Delays).  Tenant may not terminate the Lease, however, if it has taken possession of any part of the Premises.  For purposes of this Lease, the installation of any cables or personal property by Tenant, approved by Landlord to be placed in the premises prior to the Commencement Date shall not be deemed as Tenant having taken possession for the Premises.

d. Delivery of Possession. Unless otherwise specified in the Workletter attached as Lease Addendum Number One, “delivery of possession” of the Premises shall mean the earlier of: (i) the date Landlord has the Premises ready for occupancy by Tenant as evidenced by a permanent or temporary Certificate of Occupancy issued by proper governmental authority, or (ii) the date Landlord could have had the Premises ready had there been no Delays attributable to Tenant.
 
 
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e. Adjustment of Expiration Date. If the Expiration Date does not occur on the last day of a calendar month, then Landlord, at its option, may extend the Term by the number of days necessary to cause the Expiration Date to occur on the last day of the last calendar month of the Term.  Tenant shall pay Base Rent and Additional Rent for such additional days at the same rate payable for the portion of the last calendar month immediately preceding such extension.

f. Right to Occupy. Tenant shall not occupy the Premises until Tenant has complied with all of the following requirements to the extent applicable under the terms of this Lease: (i) delivery of all certificates of insurance, (ii) payment of Security Deposit, (iii) execution and delivery of any required Guaranty of Lease, and (iv) if Tenant is an entity, receipt of a good standing certificate from the State where it was organized and a certificate of authority to do business in the State in which the Premises are located (if different). Tenant’s failure to comply with these (or any other conditions precedent to occupancy under the terms of this Lease) shall not delay the Commencement Date.

g. Commencement Agreement. The Commencement Date, Term, and Expiration Date may be set forth in a Commencement Agreement similar to Exhibit C, attached hereto, to be prepared by Landlord and executed by the parties.

4.   USE.

a.   Permitted Use. The Premises may be used only for general office purposes in connection with Tenant’s Permitted Use as defined in Section 1c and in accordance with the Occupancy Limitation as set forth in Section 1d.

b.   Prohibited Uses. Tenant shall not use the Premises:

i.  
In violation of any restrictive covenants which apply to the Premises;

ii.  
In any manner that constitutes a nuisance or trespass;

iii.  
In any manner which increases any insurance premiums, or makes such insurance unavailable to Landlord on the Building; provided that, in the event of an increase in Landlord's insurance premiums which results from Tenant's use of the Premises, Landlord may elect to permit the use and charge Tenant for the increase in premiums, and Tenant’s failure to pay Landlord, on demand, the amount of such increase shall be an event of default;

iv.  
In any manner that creates unusual demands for electricity, heating or air conditioning; or

v.  
For any purpose except the Permitted Use, unless consented to by Landlord in writing.

c.   Prohibited Equipment in Premises. Tenant shall not install any equipment in the Premises that places unusual demands on the electrical, heating or air conditioning systems (“High Demand Equipment”) without Landlord’s prior written consent.  No such consent will be given if Landlord determines, in its opinion, that such equipment may not be safely used in the Premises or that electrical service is not adequate to support the equipment. Landlord’s consent may be conditioned, without limitation, upon separate metering of the High Demand Equipment and Tenant’s payment of all engineering, equipment, installation, maintenance, removal and restoration costs and utility charges associated with the High Demand Equipment and the separate meter. If High Demand Equipment used in the Premises by Tenant affect the temperature otherwise maintained by the heating and air conditioning system, Landlord shall have the right to install supplemental air conditioning units in the Premises with the cost of engineering, installation, operation and maintenance of the units to be paid by Tenant. All costs and expenses relating to High Demand Equipment and Landlord’s administrative costs (such as reading meters and calculating invoices) shall be Additional Rent, payable by Tenant upon demand.  If Tenant installs a supplemental HVAC unit in its Premises, the supplemental HVAC unit will be considered High Demand Equipment, be separately metered with metered charges being paid by Tenant, and both the meter and unit shall be maintained by Tenant.
 
 
4

 

5.   RENT.

a.   Payment Obligations.   Tenant shall pay Base Rent and Additional Rent (collectively, “Rent”) on or before the first day of each calendar month during the Term, as follows:

i.  
Rent payments shall be sent to the Rent Payment Address set forth in Section 1f.

ii.  
Rent shall be paid without previous demand or notice and without set off or deduction. Tenant's obligation to pay Rent under this Lease is completely separate and independent from any of Landlord's obligations under this Lease.

iii.  
If the Term commences on a day other than the first day of a calendar month, then Rent for such month shall be (i) prorated for the period between the Commencement Date and the last day of the month in which the Commencement Date falls, and (ii) due and payable on the Commencement Date.
 
iv.  
If Rent is not received within five (5) days after the due date, Landlord shall be entitled to an overdue payment charge in the amount of five percent (5%) of the Rent due.  In addition, if Rent is not received within fifteen (15) days after the due date, Landlord shall be entitled to an overdue payment charge in the amount of fifteen percent (15%) of the Rent due.

v.  
If Landlord presents Tenant's check to any bank and Tenant has insufficient funds to pay for such check, then Landlord shall be entitled to the maximum lawful bad check fee or five percent (5%) of the amount of such check, whichever amount is less.

b.   Base Rent .   Tenant shall pay Base Rent as set forth in Section 1e.

c.   Additional Rent . In addition to Base Rent, Tenant shall pay as rent all sums and charges due and payable by Tenant under this Lease (“Additional Rent”), including, but not limited to, the following:

i.  
Tenant's Proportionate Share of the increase in Landlord's Operating Expenses as set forth in Lease Addendum Number Two;

ii.  
Any sales or use tax imposed on rents collected by Landlord or any tax on rents in lieu of ad valorem taxes on the Building, even though laws imposing such taxes attempt to require Landlord to pay the same; provided, however, if any such sales or use tax are imposed on Landlord and Landlord is prohibited by applicable law from collecting the amount of such tax from Tenant as Additional Rent, then Landlord, upon sixty (60) days prior notice to Tenant, may terminate this Lease; and

iii.  
Any construction supervision fees in connection with the construction of Tenant Improvements or alterations to the Premises.  Tenant Improvements performed by Landlord in the Workletter shall not be subject to construction supervision fees.
 
6.   SECURITY DEPOSIT.

a.   Amount of Deposit. Tenant shall deposit with Landlord a Security Deposit in the amount set forth in Section 1g, which sum Landlord shall retain as security for the performance by Tenant of each of its obligations hereunder.  The Security Deposit shall not bear interest.

b.   Application of Deposit. If Tenant at any time fails to perform any of its obligations under this Lease, including its Rent or other payment obligations, its restoration obligations, or its insurance and indemnity obligations, then Landlord may, at its option, apply the Security Deposit (or any portion) to cure Tenant's default or to pay for damages caused by Tenant’s default. If the Lease has been terminated, then Landlord may apply the Security Deposit (or any portion) against the damages incurred as a consequence of Tenant’s breach. The application of the Security Deposit shall not limit Landlord’s remedies for default under the terms of this Lease. If Landlord depletes the Security Deposit, in whole or in part, prior to the Expiration Date or any termination of this Lease, then Tenant shall restore immediately the amount so used by Landlord.
 
 
5

 

c.   Refund of Deposit. Unless Landlord uses the Security Deposit to cure a default of Tenant, to pay damages for Tenant’s breach of the Lease, or to restore the Premises to the condition to which Tenant is required to leave the Premises upon the expiration or any termination of the Lease, then Landlord shall, within thirty (30) days after the Expiration Date or any termination of this Lease or as soon thereafter as is reasonably possible, refund to Tenant any funds remaining in the Security Deposit. Tenant may not credit the Security Deposit against any month's Rent.

7.   SERVICES BY LANDLORD .

a.   Base Services. Provided that Tenant is not then in default, Landlord shall cause to be furnished to the Building, or as applicable, the Premises, in common with other tenants the following services:

i.  
Water (if available from city mains) for drinking, lavatory and toilet purposes.

ii.  
Electricity (if available from the utility supplier) for the building standard fluorescent lighting and for the operation of general office machines, such as electric typewriters, desk top computers, dictating equipment, adding machines and calculators, and general service non-production type office copy machines; provided that Landlord shall have no obligation to provide more than the amount of power for convenience outlets and the number of electrical circuits as set forth in Section 1i.

iii.  
Operatorless elevator service.

iv.  
Building standard fluorescent lighting composed of 2' x 4' fixtures;  Tenant shall service, replace and maintain at its own expense any incandescent fixtures, table lamps, or lighting other than the building standard fluorescent light, and any dimmers or lighting controls other than controls for the building standard fluorescent lighting.

v.  
Heating and air conditioning for the reasonably comfortable use and occupancy of the Premises during Business Hours as set forth in Section 1h; provided that, heating and cooling conforming to any governmental regulation prescribing limitations thereon shall be deemed to comply with this service.

vi.  
After Business Hours, weekend and holiday heating and air conditioning at the After Hours HVAC rate set forth in Section 1j, with such charges subject to commercially reasonable annual increases as determined by Landlord.

vii.  
Janitorial services five (5) days a week (excluding National and State holidays) after Business Hours.

viii.  
A reasonable pro-rata share of the unreserved parking spaces of the Building, not to exceed the Parking specified in Section 1k, for use by Tenant's employees and visitors in common with the other tenants and their employees and visitors.

b.   Landlord’s Maintenance. Landlord shall make all repairs and replacements to the Building (including Building fixtures and equipment), Common Areas and Building Standard Improvements in the Premises, except for repairs and replacements that Tenant must make under Section 8. Landlord’s maintenance shall include the roof, foundation, exterior walls, interior structural walls, all structural components, and all Building systems, such as mechanical, electrical, HVAC, and plumbing. Repairs or replacements shall be made within a reasonable time (depending on the nature of the repair or replacement needed) after receiving notice from Tenant or Landlord having actual knowledge of the need for a repair or replacement.

c.   No Abatement. There shall be no abatement or reduction of Rent by reason of any of the foregoing services not being continuously provided to Tenant.  Landlord shall have the right to shut down the Building systems (including electricity and HVAC systems) for required maintenance and safety inspections, and in cases of emergency.
 
 
6

 

d.   Tenant’s Obligation to Report Defects. Tenant shall report to Landlord immediately any defective condition in or about the Premises known to Tenant and if such defect is not so reported and such failure to promptly report results in other damage, Tenant shall be liable for same.

e.   Limitation on Landlord’s Liability. Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant for any damage caused to Tenant and its property due to the Building or any part or appurtenance thereof being improperly constructed or being or becoming out of repair, or arising from the leaking of gas, water, sewer or steam pipes, or from problems with electrical service.

8.   TENANT'S ACCEPTANCE AND MAINTENANCE OF PREMISES .

a.   Acceptance of Premises. Subject to the terms of the attached Workletter, if any, Tenant’s occupancy of the Premises is Tenant’s representation to Landlord that (i) Tenant has examined and inspected the Premises, (ii) finds the Premises to be as represented by Landlord and satisfactory for Tenant's intended use, and (iii) constitutes Tenant's acceptance of the Premises "as is".  Landlord makes no representation or warranty as to the condition of the Premises except as may be specifically set forth in the Workletter.

b.   Move-In Obligations. Tenant shall schedule its move-in with the Landlord’s Property Manager. Unless otherwise approved by Landlord’s Property Manager, move-in shall not take place during Business Hours. During Tenant’s move-in, a representative of Tenant must be on-site with Tenant’s moving company to insure proper treatment of the Building and the Premises. Elevators, entrances, hallways and other Common Areas must remain in use for the general public during business hours. Any specialized use of elevators or other Common Areas must be coordinated with Landlord’s Property Manager. Tenant must properly dispose of all packing material and refuse in accordance with the Rules and Regulations.  Any damage or destruction to the Building or the Premises due to moving will be the sole responsibility of Tenant.

c.   Tenant’s Maintenance. Tenant shall: (i) keep the Premises and fixtures in good order; (ii) make repairs and replacements to the Premises or Building needed because of Tenant's or any officer, agent, employee, contractor, servant, invitee or guest of Tenant’s misuse or negligence; (iii) repair and replace Non-Standard Improvements, including any special equipment or decorative treatments, installed by or at Tenant's request that serve the Premises (unless the Lease is ended because of casualty loss or condemnation); and (iv) not commit waste.  Tenant shall also be solely responsible for maintaining the following items, if installed in the Premises: (i) ice machines; (ii) sump pumps; (iii) refrigerators; (iv) dishwashers; (v) garbage disposals; (vi) coffee machines and microwaves; (v) sinks and faucets; (vi) water filter and purification systems; (vii) all kitchen drain lines; (viii) executive restrooms; (ix) Simplex (or key pad) locks; (x) security access systems or alarm systems; (xi) Tenant specific hot water heaters; and (xii) showers and spas.  Tenant shall maintain these items in good working order.

d.   Alterations to Premises. Tenant shall make no structural or interior alterations to the Premises. If Tenant requests such alterations, then Tenant shall provide Landlord's Property Manager with a complete set of construction drawings. If Landlord consents to the alterations, then the Property Manager shall determine the actual cost of the work to be done (to include a construction supervision fee to be paid to Landlord in the amount of 10% of the cost of the construction). Tenant may then either agree to pay Landlord to have the work done or withdraw its request for alterations. All such alterations are subject to the prior written approval of Landlord.

e.   Restoration of Premises. At the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease, Tenant shall (i) deliver each and every part of the Premises in good repair and condition, ordinary wear and tear and damage by insured casualty excepted, and (ii) restore the Premises at Tenant's sole expense to the same condition as existed at the Commencement Date, ordinary wear and tear and damage by insured casualty excepted. If Tenant has required or installed Non-Standard Improvements, such improvements shall be removed as part of Tenant’s restoration obligation. Landlord, however, may elect to require Tenant to leave any Non-Standard Improvements in the Premises unless at the time of such Non-Standard Improvements were installed, Landlord agreed in writing that Tenant could remove such improvements. Tenant shall repair any damage caused by the removal of any Non-Standard Improvements. “Non-Standard Improvements” means such items as (i) High Demand Equipment and separate meters, (ii) all wiring and cabling from the point of origin to the termination point, (iii) raised floors for computer or communications systems, (iv) telephone equipment, security systems, and UPS systems, (iv) equipment racks, (v) alterations installed by or at the request of Tenant after the Commencement Date, and (vi) any other improvements that are not part of the Building Standard Improvements.
 
 
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f.   Landlord’s Performance of Tenant’s Obligations. If Tenant does not perform its maintenance or restoration obligations in a timely manner, commencing the same within five (5) days after receipt of notice from Landlord specifying the work needed, and thereafter diligently and continuously pursuing the work until completion, then Landlord shall have the right, but not the obligation, to perform such work. Any amounts expended by Landlord on such maintenance or restoration shall be Additional Rent to be paid by Tenant to Landlord within thirty (30) days after demand.

g.   Construction Liens. Tenant shall have no power to do any act or make any contract that may create or be the foundation of any lien, mortgage or other encumbrance upon the reversionary or other estate of Landlord, or any interest of Landlord in the Premises.  NO CONSTRUCTION LIENS OR OTHER LIENS FOR ANY LABOR, SERVICES OR MATERIALS FURNISHED TO THE PREMISES SHALL ATTACH TO OR AFFECT THE INTEREST OF LANDLORD IN AND TO THE PREMISES OR THE BUILDING.  Tenant shall keep the Premises and the Building free from any liens arising out of any work performed, materials furnished, or obligations incurred by or on behalf of Tenant. Should any lien or claim of lien be filed against the Premises or the Building by reason of any act or omission of Tenant or any of Tenant’s agents, employees, contractors or representatives, then Tenant shall cause the same to be canceled and discharged of record by bond or otherwise within ten (10) days after the filing thereof.  Should Tenant fail to discharge the lien within ten (10) days, then Landlord may discharge the lien.  The amount paid by Landlord to discharge the lien (whether directly or by bond), plus all administrative and legal costs incurred by Landlord, shall be Additional Rent payable on demand.  The remedies provided herein shall be in addition to all other remedies available to Landlord under this Lease or otherwise.

h.   Communications Compliance. Tenant acknowledges and agrees that any and all telephone and telecommunication services desired by Tenant shall be ordered and utilized at the sole expense of Tenant.  Unless Landlord requests otherwise or consents in writing, all of Tenant’s telecommunications equipment shall be located and remain solely in the Premises.  Landlord shall not have any responsibility for the maintenance of Tenant’s telecommunications equipment, including wiring; nor for any wiring or other infrastructure to which Tenant’s telecommunications equipment may be connected.  Tenant agrees that, to the extent any telecommunications service is interrupted, curtailed or discontinued, Landlord shall have no obligation or liability with respect thereto.  Landlord shall have the right, upon reasonable prior oral or written notice to Tenant, to interrupt or turn off telecommunications facilities in the event of emergency or as necessary in connection with repairs to the Building or installation of telecommunications equipment for other tenants of the Building.  In the event that Tenant wishes at any time to utilize the services of a telephone or telecommunications provider whose equipment is not then servicing the Building, the provider shall not be permitted to install its lines or other equipment within the Building without first securing the prior written approval of Landlord.  Landlord’s approval may be conditioned in such a manner to as to protect Landlord’s financial interests, the interest of the Building, and the other tenants therein.  The refusal of Landlord to grant its approval to any prospective telecommunications provider shall not be deemed a default or breach by Landlord of its obligation under this Lease.  The provision of this paragraph may be enforced solely by Tenant and Landlord, are not for the benefit of any other party, and specifically but without limitation, no telephone or telecommunications provider shall be deemed a third party beneficiary of this Lease.  Tenant shall not utilize any wireless communications equipment (other than usual and customary cellular telephones), including antennae and satellite receiver dishes, within the Premises or the Building, without Landlord’s prior written consent.  Landlord’s consent may be conditioned in such a manner so as to protect Landlord’s financial interests, the interests of the Building, and the other tenants therein.  At Landlord’s option, Tenant may be required to remove any and all telecommunications equipment (including wireless equipment) installed in the Premises or elsewhere in or on the Building by or on behalf of Tenant, including wiring, or other facilities for telecommunications transmittal prior to the expiration or termination of the Lease and at Tenant’s sole cost.

i.   Mold .  Tenant shall be responsible for taking appropriate and timely measures to prevent the growth of mold and mildew within the Premises, including but not limited to (1) preventing moisture accumulation in the Premises by Tenant’s personal equipment, including on windows, walls and other surfaces; (2) promptly reporting any malfunction of the heating or air conditioning system in the Premises; (3) Tenant will not obstruct the heating and air conditioning system from performing as designed; (4) promptly reporting any water intrusion or accumulation or other moisture accumulation in or about the Premises; and (5) promptly reporting any visible mold in the Premises.  Except for matters arising from the negligence or willful acts of Landlord, and its employees, agents, contractor, invitees or licensees, Tenant shall indemnify Landlord and hold Landlord harmless from and against any and all losses, liabilities, including strict liability, obligations, damages, injuries, costs, expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs of settlement or judgments and claims of any kind whatsoever paid, incurred or suffered by, or asserted against Landlord by any person, entity, or governmental agency for, with respect to, or as a direct or indirect result of the presence of mold or mildew in the Premises or any adjacent portions of the Building as a result of the acts or omissions of Tenant.

9.   PROPERTY OF TENANT.

a.   Property Taxes. Tenant shall pay when due all taxes levied or assessed upon Tenant's equipment, fixtures, furniture, leasehold improvements and personal property located in the Premises.

b.   Removal. Provided Tenant is not in default and subject to the terms and provisions of Section 8(e), Tenant may remove all fixtures and equipment which it has placed in the Premises; provided, however, Tenant must repair all damages caused by such removal. If Tenant does not remove its property from the Premises upon the expiration or earlier termination (for whatever cause) of this Lease, such property shall be deemed abandoned by Tenant, and Landlord may dispose of the same in whatever manner Landlord may elect without any liability to Tenant.
 
 
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10.   SIGNS.   Tenant may not erect, install or display any sign or advertising material upon the exterior of the Building or Premises (including any exterior doors, walls or windows) without the prior written consent of Landlord, which consent may be withheld in Landlord’s sole discretion. Door and directory signage shall be provided and installed by the Landlord in accordance with building standards at Landlord’s expense, unless otherwise provided in the Workletter attached as Lease Addendum Number One.

11.   ACCESS TO PREMISES .

a.   Tenant’s Access. Tenant, its agents, employees, invitees, and guests, shall have access to the Premises and reasonable ingress and egress to common and public areas of the Building twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week; provided, however, Landlord by reasonable regulation may control such access for the comfort, convenience, safety and protection of all tenants in the Building, or as needed for making repairs and alterations.  Tenant shall be responsible for providing access to the Premises to its agents, employees, invitees and guests after business hours and on weekends and holidays, but in no event shall Tenant’s use of and access to the Premises during non-business hours compromise the security of the Building.

b.   Landlord’s Access. Landlord shall have the right, at all reasonable times and upon reasonable oral notice, either itself or through its authorized agents, to enter the Premises (i) to make repairs, alterations or changes as Landlord deems necessary, (ii) to inspect the Premises, mechanical systems and electrical devices, and (iii) to show the Premises to prospective mortgagees and purchasers.  Within one hundred eighty (180) days prior to the Expiration Date, Landlord shall have the right, either itself or through its authorized agents, to enter the Premises at all reasonable times to show prospective tenants. For purposes of this Section 11(b), Tenant or Tenant’s authorized agent must be present at all times when third parties are granted access to the Premises.

c.   Emergency Access. Landlord shall have the right to enter the Premises at any time without notice in the event of an emergency.

12.   TENANT’S COMPLIANCE.

a.   Laws. Tenant shall comply with all applicable laws, ordinances and regulations affecting the Premises, whether now existing or hereafter enacted.

b.   Rules and Regulations. Tenant shall comply with the Rules and Regulations attached as Exhibit B.   The Rules and Regulations may be modified from time to time by Landlord, effective as of the date delivered to Tenant or posted on the Premises, provided such rules are uniformly applicable to all tenants in the Building.  Any conflict between this Lease and the Rules and Regulations shall be governed by the terms of this Lease.

13.   ADA COMPLIANCE .

a.   Tenant’s Compliance. Tenant, at Tenant’s sole expense, shall comply with all laws, rules, orders, ordinances, directions, regulations and requirements of federal, state, county and municipal authorities now in force, which shall impose any duty upon Landlord or Tenant with respect to the use or occupation of the Premises or alteration of the Premises to accommodate persons with special needs, including using all reasonable efforts to comply with The Americans With Disabilities Act (the “ADA”).

b.   Landlord’s Compliance. Landlord, at Landlord’s sole expense, shall use all reasonable efforts to meet the requirements of the ADA as it applies to the Common Areas and restrooms of the Building; but Landlord shall have no responsibility for ADA compliance with respect to the Premises. Landlord shall not be required to make changes to the Common Areas or restrooms of the Building to comply with ADA standards adopted after construction of the Building unless specifically required to do so by law.
 
 
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c.   ADA Notices. If Tenant receives any notices alleging a violation of ADA relating to any portion of the Building or Premises (including any governmental or regulatory actions or investigations regarding non-compliance with ADA), then Tenant shall notify Landlord in writing within ten (10) days of such notice and provide Landlord with copies of any such notice.

14.   INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS .

a.   Tenant’s Liability Insurance. Throughout the Term, Tenant, at its sole cost and expense, shall keep or cause to be kept for the mutual benefit of Landlord, Landlord's Property Manager, and Tenant, Commercial General Liability Insurance (1986 ISO Form or its equivalent) with a combined single limit, each Occurrence and General Aggregate-per location of at least TWO MILLION DOLLARS ($2,000,000), which policy shall insure against liability of Tenant, arising out of and in connection with Tenant's use of the Premises, and which shall insure the indemnity provisions contained in this Lease.  Not more frequently than once every three (3) years, Landlord may require the limits to be increased if in its reasonable judgment (or that of its mortgagee) the coverage is insufficient.

b.   Tenant’s Property Insurance. Tenant shall also carry the equivalent of ISO Special Form Property Insurance on Tenant’s Property for full replacement value and with coinsurance waived.  For purposes of this provision, “Tenant’s Property” shall mean Tenant’s personal property and fixtures, and any Non-Standard Improvements to the Premises.  Tenant shall neither have, nor make, any claim against Landlord for any loss or damage to the Tenant’s Property, regardless of the cause of the loss or damage.

c.   Certificates of Insurance. Prior to occupying the Premises, and annually thereafter, Tenant shall deliver to Landlord certificates similar to that provided in Exhibit D attached to this Lease and incorporated here for reference or other evidence of insurance satisfactory to Landlord.  All such policies shall be non-assessable and shall contain language to the extent obtainable that: (i) any loss shall be payable notwithstanding any act or negligence of Landlord or Tenant that might otherwise result in forfeiture of the insurance, (ii) that the policies are primary and non-contributing with any insurance that Landlord may carry, and (iii) that the policies cannot be canceled, non-renewed, or coverage reduced except after thirty (30) days' prior notice to Landlord.  If Tenant fails to provide Landlord with such certificates or other evidence of insurance coverage, Landlord may obtain such coverage and the cost of such coverage shall be Additional Rent payable by Tenant upon demand.

d.   Insurance Policy Requirements. Tenant’s insurance policies required by this Lease shall: (i) be issued by insurance companies licensed to do business in the state in which the Premises are located with a general policyholder's ratings of at least A- and a financial rating of at least VI in the most current Best's Insurance Reports available on the Commencement Date, or if the Best's ratings are changed or discontinued, the parties shall agree to a comparable method of rating insurance companies; (ii) name Landlord as an additional insured as its interest may appear [other landlords or tenants may be added as additional insureds in a blanket policy]; (iii) provide that the insurance not be canceled, non-renewed or coverage materially reduced unless thirty (30) days advance notice is given to Landlord; (iv) be primary policies; (v) provide that any loss shall be payable notwithstanding any gross negligence of Landlord or Tenant which might result in a forfeiture thereunder of such insurance or the amount of proceeds payable; (vi) have no deductible exceeding TEN THOUSAND DOLLARS ($10,000), unless approved in writing by Landlord; and (vii) be maintained during the entire Term and any extension terms.

e.   Landlord’s Property Insurance. Landlord shall keep the Building, including the improvements (but excluding Tenant’s Property), insured against damage and destruction by perils insured by the equivalent of ISO Special Form Property Insurance in the amount of the full replacement value of the Building.

f.   Mutual Waiver of Subrogation. Anything in this Lease to the contrary notwithstanding, Landlord hereby releases and waives unto Tenant (including all partners, stockholders, officers, directors, employees and agents thereof), its successors and assigns, and Tenant hereby releases and waives unto Landlord (including all partners, stockholders, officers, directors, employees and agents thereof), its successors and assigns, all rights to claim damages for any injury, loss, cost or damage to persons or to the Premises or any other casualty, as long as the amount of such injury, loss, cost or damage has been paid either to Landlord, Tenant, or any other person, firm or corporation, under the terms of any Property, General Liability, or other policy of insurance, to the extent such releases or waivers are permitted under applicable law (or would have been paid had such insurance as required by this Lease been in place).
 
All policies of insurance carried or maintained pursuant to this Lease shall contain or be endorsed to contain a provision whereby the insurer waives all rights of subrogation against either Tenant or Landlord, as the case may be, provided such a provision shall be obtainable.  If insurance policies which such waiver of subrogation provision shall not be obtainable, then the provisions relating to waiver of subrogation as contained in this Section 14(f) shall have no effect during such time as insurance policies with a waiver of subrogation shall not be obtainable.  If any provision relating to a waiver of subrogation as set forth in this Section 14(f) shall contravene any present or future law with respect to exculpatory agreements, the liability of the party affected shall be deemed not released, but shall be secondary to the other's insurer.
 
 
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15.   INDEMNITY.   Subject to the insurance requirements, releases and mutual waivers of subrogation set forth in this Lease, Tenant agrees as follows:

a.   Indemnity. Tenant shall indemnify and hold Landlord harmless from and against any and all claims, damages, losses, liabilities, lawsuits, costs and expenses (including attorneys' fees at all tribunal levels) arising out of or related to (i) any activity, work, or other thing done by Tenant or at Tenants request other than those items detailed in the Workletter in or about the Premises or the Building, (ii) any breach or default by Tenant in the performance of any of its obligations under this Lease, or (iii) any act or neglect of Tenant, or any officer, agent, employee, contractor, servant, invitee or guest of Tenant.

b.   Defense Obligation. If any such action is brought against Landlord, then Tenant, upon notice from Landlord, shall defend the same through counsel selected by Landlord’s insurer, or other counsel acceptable to Landlord.  The provisions of this Section shall survive the termination of this Lease.

16.   QUIET ENJOYMENT. Tenant shall have quiet enjoyment and possession of the Premises provided Tenant promptly and fully complies with all of its obligations under this Lease. No action of Landlord or other tenants working in other space in the Building, or in repairing or restoring the Premises, shall be deemed a breach of this covenant, nor shall such action give to Tenant any right to modify this Lease either as to term, rent payables or other obligations to be performed.

17.   SUBORDINATION; ATTORNMENT; NON-DISTURBANCE; AND ESTOPPEL CERTIFICATE.

a.   Subordination and Attornment. Tenant agrees that this Lease and all rights of Tenant hereunder are and shall be subject and subordinate to any ground or underlying lease which may hereafter be in effect regarding the Building and the real property on which it is situate or any component thereof, to any deed of trust or mortgage hereafter encumbering the Premises or the Building and the real property on which it is situate or any component thereof, to all advances made or hereafter to be made upon the security of such ground or underlying lease or deed of trust or mortgage, to all amendments, modifications, renewals, consolidations, extensions, and restatements of such ground or underlying lease or deed of trust or mortgage, and to any replacements and substitutions for such deed of trust or mortgage.  The terms of this provision shall be self-operative and no further instrument of subordination shall be required.  However, Tenant agrees to execute within ten (10) days after request to do so from Landlord or its mortgagee an agreement:

i.  
Making this Lease superior or subordinate to the interests of the mortgagee;

ii.  
Agreeing to attorn to the mortgagee;

iii.  
Giving the mortgagee notice of, and a reasonable opportunity (which shall in no event be less than thirty (30) days after notice thereof is delivered to mortgagee) to cure any Landlord default and agreeing to accept such cure if effected by the mortgagee;

iv.  
Permitting the mortgagee (or other purchaser at any foreclosure sale), and its successors and assigns, on acquiring Landlord's interest in the Premises and the Lease, to become substitute Landlord hereunder, with liability only for such Landlord obligations as accrue after Landlord's interest is so acquired;

v.  
Agreeing to attorn to any successor Landlord; and

vi.  
Containing such other agreements and covenants on Tenant's part as Landlord's mortgagee may reasonably request.

b.   Non-Disturbance. Tenant’s obligation to execute a subordination and attornment agreement as set forth above is conditioned upon the mortgagee’s agreement not to disturb Tenant’s possession and quiet enjoyment of the Premises under this Lease so long as Tenant is in compliance with the terms of the Lease.
 
 
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c.   Estoppel Certificates. Tenant agrees to execute within five (5) business days after request, and as often as requested, estoppel certificates confirming any factual matter requested by Landlord which is true and is within Tenant's knowledge regarding this Lease, and the Premises, including but not limited to: (i) the date of occupancy, (ii) Expiration Date, (iii) the amount of Rent due and date to which Rent is paid, (iii) whether Tenant has any defense or offsets to the enforcement of this Lease or the Rent payable, (iv) any default or breach by Landlord, and (v) whether this Lease, together with any modifications or amendments, is in full force and effect.  Tenant shall attach to such estoppel certificate copies of any modifications or amendments to the Lease.

18.             ASSIGNMENT – SUBLEASE.

a.    Landlord Consent. Tenant may not assign or encumber this Lease or its interest in the Premises arising under this Lease, and may not sublet all or any part of the Premises without first obtaining the written consent of Landlord.

b.    Definition of Assignment. For the purpose of this Section 18, the word "assignment" shall be defined and deemed to include the following: (i) if Tenant is a partnership, the withdrawal or change, whether voluntary, involuntary or by operation of law, of partners owning thirty percent (30%) or more of the partnership, or the dissolution of the partnership; (ii) if Tenant consists of more than one person, an assignment, whether voluntary, involuntary, or by operation of law, by one person to one of the other persons that is a Tenant; (iii) if Tenant is a corporation, any dissolution or reorganization of Tenant, or the sale or other transfer of a controlling percentage (hereafter defined) of capital stock of Tenant other than to an affiliate or subsidiary or the sale of fifty-one percent (51%) in value of the assets of Tenant; (iv) if Tenant is a limited liability company, the change of members whose interest in the company is fifty percent (50%) or more.  The phrase "controlling percentage" means the ownership of, and the right to vote, stock possessing at least fifty-one percent (51%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of Tenant's capital stock issued, outstanding and entitled to vote for the election of directors, or such lesser percentage as is required to provide actual control over the affairs of the corporation; except that, if the Tenant is a publicly traded company, public trades or sales of the Tenant’s stock on a national stock exchange shall not be considered an assignment hereunder even if the aggregate of the trades of sales exceeds fifty percent (50%) of the capital stock of the company.

c.   Permitted Assignments/Subleases. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Tenant may assign this Lease or sublease part or all of the Premises without Landlord's consent to: (i) any corporation, limited liability company, or partnership that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, Tenant at the Commencement Date; or (ii) any corporation or limited liability company resulting from the merger or consolidation with Tenant or to any entity that acquires all of Tenant's assets as a going concern of the business that is being conducted on the Premises; provided however, the assignor remains liable under the Lease and the assignee or sublessee is a bona fide entity and assumes the obligations of Tenant, is as creditworthy as the Tenant, and continues the same Permitted Use as provided under Section 4.

d.   Notice to Landlord. Landlord must be given prior written notice of every assignment or subletting, and failure to do so shall be a default hereunder.

e.   Prohibited Assignments/Subleases. In no event shall this Lease be assignable by operation of any law, and Tenant's rights hereunder may not become, and shall not be listed by Tenant as an asset under any bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization proceedings. Acceptance of Rent by Landlord after any non-permitted assignment or sublease shall not constitute approval thereof by Landlord.

f.   Limitation on Rights of Assignee/Sublessee. Any assignment or sublease for which Landlord’s consent is required shall not include the right to exercise any options to renew the Lease Term, expand the Premises, or similar options, unless specifically provided for in the consent.

g.   Tenant Not Released. No assignment or sublease shall release Tenant of any of its obligations under this Lease.

h.   Landlord’s Right to Collect Sublease Rents upon Tenant Default. If the Premises (or any portion) is sublet and Tenant defaults under its obligations to Landlord, then Landlord is authorized, at its option, to collect all sublease rents directly from the Sublessee. Tenant hereby assigns the right to collect the sublease rents to Landlord in the event of Tenant default.  The collection of sublease rents by Landlord shall not relieve Tenant of its obligations under this Lease other than Tenants obligation for that portion of rent collected directly by Landlord directly from Sublessee, nor shall it create a contractual relationship between Sublessee and Landlord or give Sublessee any greater estate or right to the Premises than contained in its Sublease.

i.   Excess Rents. If Tenant assigns this Lease or subleases all or part of the Premises at a rental rate that exceeds the rentals paid to Landlord, then any such excess shall be paid over to Landlord by Tenant.

j.   Landlord’s Fees. Tenant shall pay Landlord an administration fee of $1,000.00 per assignment or sublease transaction for which consent is required.  If Landlord assists Tenant in finding an assignee or subtenant, Landlord shall be paid a reasonable fee for such assistance.
 
 
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k.   Unauthorized Assignment or Sublease. Any unauthorized assignment or sublease shall constitute a default under the terms of this Lease. In addition to its other remedies for Default, Landlord may elect to increase Base Rent to 150% of the Base Rent reserved under the terms of this Lease.

19.   DAMAGES TO PREMISES.

a.    Landlord’s Restoration Obligations. If the Building or Premises are damaged by fire or other casualty (“Casualty”), then Landlord shall repair and restore the Premises to substantially the same condition of the Premises immediately prior to such Casualty, subject to the following terms and conditions:

i.  
The casualty must be insured under Landlord's insurance policies, and Landlord’s obligation is limited to the extent of the insurance proceeds received by Landlord.  Landlord’s duty to repair and restore the Premises shall not begin until receipt of the insurance proceeds.

ii.  
Landlord’s lender(s) must permit the insurance proceeds to be used for such repair and restoration.

iii.  
Landlord shall have no obligation to repair and restore Tenant’s trade fixtures, decorations, signs, contents, or any Non-Standard Improvements to the Premises.

b.          Termination of Lease by Landlord. Landlord shall have the option of terminating the Lease if: (i) the Premises is rendered wholly untenantable; (ii) the Premises is damaged in whole or in part as a result of a risk which is not covered by Landlord's insurance policies; (iii) Landlord's lender does not permit a sufficient amount of the insurance proceeds to be used for restoration purposes; (iv) the Premises is damaged in whole or in part during the last two years
of the Term; or (v) the Building containing the Premises is damaged (whether or not the Premises is damaged) to an extent of fifty percent (50%) or more of the fair market value thereof.  If Landlord elects to terminate this Lease, then it shall give notice of the cancellation to Tenant within sixty (60) days after the date of the Casualty. Tenant shall vacate and surrender the Premises to Landlord within thirty (30) days after receipt of the notice of termination where Tenant must locate alternate accommodations, or fifteen (15) days where Landlord provides alternate accommodations subject to Tenant approval, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delay.

c.    Termination of Lease by Tenant. Tenant shall have the option of terminating the Lease if:  (i) Landlord has failed to substantially restore the damaged Building or Premises within one hundred eighty (180) days of the Landlord’s receipt of insurance proceeds in connection with such Casualty (“Restoration Period”); (ii) the Restoration Period has not been delayed by force majeure ; and (iii) Tenant gives Landlord notice of the termination within fifteen 15 days after the end of the Restoration Period (as extended by any force majeure delays). If Landlord is delayed by force majeure , then Landlord must provide Tenant with notice of the delays within fifteen (15) days of the force majeure event stating the reason for the delays and a good faith estimate of the length of the delays.

d.       Tenant’s Restoration Obligations. Unless terminated, the Lease shall remain in full force and effect, and Tenant shall promptly repair, restore, or replace Tenant's trade fixtures, decorations, signs, contents, and any Non-Standard Improvements to the Premises. All repair, restoration or replacement shall be at least to the same condition as existed prior to the Casualty.  The proceeds of all insurance carried by Tenant on its property shall be held in trust by Tenant for the purposes of such repair, restoration, or replacement.

e.            Rent Abatement. If Premises is rendered wholly untenantable by the Casualty, then the Rent payable by Tenant shall be fully abated. If the Premises is only partially damaged, then Tenant shall continue the operation of Tenant's business in any part not damaged to the extent reasonably practicable from the standpoint of prudent business management, and Rent and other charges shall be abated proportionately to the portion of the Premises rendered untenantable. The abatement shall be from the date of the Casualty until the Premises have been substantially repaired and restored, or until Tenant's business operations are restored in the entire Premises, whichever shall first occur. However, if the Casualty is caused by the negligence or other wrongful conduct of Tenant or of Tenant's subtenants, licensees, contractors, or invitees, or their respective agents or employees, there shall be no abatement of Rent.

f.            Waiver of Claims. The abatement of the Rent set forth above is Tenant’s exclusive remedy against Landlord in the event of a Casualty. Tenant hereby waives all claims against Landlord for any compensation or damage for loss of use of the whole or any part of the Premises and/or for any inconvenience or annoyance occasioned by any Casualty and any resulting damage, destruction, repair, or restoration.
 
 
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20.  EMINENT DOMAIN.

a.   Effect on Lease. If all of the Premises are taken under the power of eminent domain (or by conveyance in lieu thereof), then this Lease shall terminate as of the date possession is taken by the condemnor, and Rent shall be adjusted between Landlord and Tenant as of such date.  If only a portion of the Premises is taken and Tenant can continue use of the remainder, then this Lease will not terminate, but Rent shall abate in a just and proportionate amount to the loss of use occasioned by the taking.

b.   Right to Condemnation Award. Landlord shall be entitled to receive and retain the entire condemnation award for the taking of the Building and Premises. Tenant shall have no right or claim against Landlord for any part of any award received by Landlord for the taking. Tenant shall have no right or claim for any alleged value of the unexpired portion of this Lease, or its leasehold estate, or for costs of removal, relocation, business interruption expense or any other damages arising out of such taking. Tenant, however, shall not be prevented from making a claim against the condemning party (but not against Landlord ) for any moving expenses, loss of profits, or taking of Tenant’s personal property (other than its leasehold estate) to which Tenant may be entitled; provided that any such award shall not reduce the amount of the award otherwise payable to Landlord for the taking of the Building and Premises.

21.   
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE .

a.   Environmental Laws. The term “ Environmental Laws” shall mean all now existing or hereafter enacted or issued statutes, laws, rules, ordinances, orders, permits and regulations of all state, federal, local and other governmental and regulatory authorities, agencies and bodies applicable to the Premises, pertaining to environmental matters or regulating, prohibiting or otherwise having to do with asbestos and all other toxic, radioactive, or hazardous wastes or materials including, but not limited to, the Federal Clean Air Act, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as from time to time amended.

b.   Tenant's Responsibility . Tenant covenants and agrees that it will keep and maintain the Premises at all times in compliance with Environmental Laws. Tenant shall not (either with or without negligence) cause or permit the escape, disposal or release of any biologically active or other hazardous substances, or materials on the Property. Tenant shall not allow the storage or use of such substances or materials in any manner not sanctioned by law or in compliance with the highest standards prevailing in the industry for the storage and use of such substances or materials, nor allow to be brought onto the Property any such materials or substances except to use in the ordinary course of Tenant's business, and then only after notice is given to Landlord of the identity of such substances or materials.  No such notice shall be required, however, for commercially reasonable amounts of ordinary office supplies and janitorial supplies. Tenant shall execute affidavits, representations and the like, from time to time, at Landlord's request, concerning Tenant's best knowledge and belief regarding the presence of hazardous substances or materials on the Premises.

c.   Tenant's Liability .  Tenant shall hold Landlord free, harmless, and indemnified from any penalty, fine, claim, demand, liability, cost, or charge whatsoever which Landlord shall incur, or which Landlord would otherwise incur, by reason of Tenant's failure to comply with this Section 21 including, but not limited to: (i) the cost of full remediation of any contamination to bring the Property into the same condition as prior to the Commencement Date and into full compliance with all Environmental Laws; (ii) the reasonable cost of all appropriate tests and examinations of the Premises to confirm that the Premises and any other contaminated areas have been remediated and brought into compliance with all Environmental Laws; and (iii) the reasonable fees and expenses of Landlord's attorneys, engineers, and consultants incurred by Landlord in enforcing and confirming compliance with this Section 21.

d.   Limitation on Tenant’s Liability. Tenant’s obligations under this Section 21 shall not apply to any condition or matter constituting a violation of any Environmental Laws: (i) which existed prior to the commencement of Tenant's use or occupancy of the Premises; (ii) which was not caused, in whole or in part, by Tenant or Tenant's agents, employees, officers, partners, contractors or invitees; or (iii) to the extent such violation is caused by, or results from the acts or neglects of Landlord or Landlord's agents, employees, officers, partners, contractors, guests, or invitees.

e.   Inspections by Landlord .  Landlord and its engineers, technicians, and consultants (collectively the "Auditors") may, from time to time as Landlord deems appropriate, conduct periodic tests and examinations ("Audits") of the Premises to confirm and monitor Tenant's compliance with this Section 21.  Such Audits shall be conducted in such a manner as to minimize the interference with Tenant's Permitted Use; however in all cases, the Audits shall be of such nature and scope as shall be reasonably required by then existing technology to confirm Tenant's compliance with this Section 21.  Tenant shall fully cooperate with Landlord and its Auditors in the conduct of such Audits.  The cost of such Audits shall be paid by Landlord unless an Audit shall disclose a material failure of Tenant to comply with this Section 21, in which case, the cost of such Audit, and the cost of all subsequent Audits made during the Term and within thirty (30) days thereafter (not to exceed two (2) such Audits per calendar year), shall be paid for on demand by Tenant.
 
 
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f.   Landlord's Liability . Landlord represents and warrants that, to Landlord’s actual knowledge, there are no hazardous materials on the Premises as of the Commencement Date in violation of any Environmental Laws. Landlord shall indemnify and hold Tenant harmless from any liability resulting from Landlord’s violation of this representation and warranty.

g.   Property.   For the purposes of this Section 21, the term “Property” shall include the Premises, Building, all Common Areas, the real estate upon which the Building is located; all personal property (including that owned by Tenant); and the soil, ground water, and surface water of the real estate upon which the Building is located.

h.   Tenant's Liability After Termination of Lease .  The covenants contained in this Section 21 shall survive the expiration or termination of this Lease, and shall continue for so long as Landlord and its successors and assigns may be subject to any expense, liability, charge, penalty, or obligation against which Tenant has agreed to indemnify Landlord under this Section 21.

22.   
DEFAULT.

a.  
Tenant’s Default. Tenant shall be in default under this Lease if:

i.  
Tenant fails to pay when due any Base Rent, Additional rent, or any other sum of money which Tenant is obligated to pay, as provided in this Lease;

ii.  
Tenant breaches any other agreement, covenant or obligation in this Lease and such breach is not remedied within fifteen (15) days after Landlord gives Tenant notice specifying the breach, or if such breach cannot, with due diligence, be cured within fifteen (15) days, Tenant does not commence curing within fifteen (15) days and with reasonable diligence completely cure the breach within a reasonable period of time after the notice;

iii.  
Tenant or any guarantor of this Lease files any petition or action for relief under any creditor's law (including bankruptcy, reorganization, or similar action), either in state or federal court, or has such a petition or action filed against it which is not stayed or vacated within sixty (60) days after filing;

iv.  
Tenant or any guarantor of this Lease makes any transfer in fraud of creditors as defined in Section 548 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (11 U.S.C. 548, as amended or replaced), has a receiver appointed for its assets (and the appointment is not stayed or vacated within thirty (30) days), or makes an assignment for benefit of creditors;

v.  
Tenant shall fail to cease any conduct prohibited by this Lease within three (3) days after receipt of written notice from Landlord requesting cessation thereof, or Tenant shall fail to cease any conduct or eliminate any condition which poses a danger to person or property within twelve (12) hours of receipt of written notice from Landlord requesting cessation of such conduct or elimination of such conditions.  For purposes of this section only, confirmation of receipt of written notice must be made by speaking directly with Tenant’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or General Counsel and it is Tenant’s responsibility to provide Landlord with current contact information for each of these representatives;

vi.  
Tenant shall do or permit to be done anything which creates a lien upon the Premises or the Building and the real property on which it is situate or any component thereof and such lien is not removed or discharged within ten (10) days after the filing thereof; or

vii.  
Tenant shall fail to return a properly executed subordination, non-disturbance and attornment agreement or an estoppel certificate in accordance with the terms and provisions of this Lease and within the time period provided for such return following Landlord’s request for same as provided in this Lease, and Tenant fails to provide such instrument within ten (10) days after Tenant has notice that Tenant has failed to provide such instrument within the time periods set forth herein (such notice by Landlord not to be delivered prior to the time such instrument was due from Tenant).
 
 
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b.  
Landlord’s Remedies. In the event of a Tenant default for section v above, Landlord may do (iii) below, and for all other defaults, Landlord at its option may do one or more of the following:
 
i.  
terminate this Lease, in which event Tenant shall immediately surrender the Premises to Landlord and if Tenant fails to do so, Landlord may, without further notice and without prejudice to any other remedy Landlord may have for possession or arrearages in Base Rent and/or Additional Rent, enter upon and take possession of the Premises and expel or remove Tenant and any other person who may be occupying said Premises or any part thereof, and its and their effects, without being liable for prosecution or any claim of damages therefor; Tenant hereby agreeing to pay to Landlord within ten (10) days after  demand the amount of all loss and damage which Landlord may suffer by reason of such termination.  For purposes of this section, Landlord shall first inventory the Tenant property and hold it in the Premises for safekeeping and Tenant shall have a minimum of fifteen (15) days in which to retrieve the property.

ii.  
terminate Tenant’s right of possession, without terminating this Lease, and enter upon and take possession of the Premises as Tenant’s agent and expel or remove Tenant and any other person who may be occupying said Premises or any part thereof, and its and their effects, by entry, dispossessory suit or otherwise, without thereby releasing Tenant from any liability hereunder, without terminating this Lease, and without being liable for prosecution or any claim of damages therefor and, if Landlord so elects, make such alterations, redecorations and repairs as, in Landlord’s judgment, may be necessary to relet the Premises, and Landlord may, but shall be under no obligation to do so, relet the Premises or any portion thereof in Landlord’s or Tenant’s name, but for the account of Tenant, for such term or terms (which may be for a term extending beyond the Lease Term) and at such rental or rentals and upon such other terms as Landlord may deem advisable, with or without advertisement, and by private negotiations, and receive the rent therefor, Tenant hereby agreeing to pay to Landlord the deficiency, if any, between all Base Rent and Additional Rent reserved hereunder and the total rental applicable to the Lease Term hereof obtained by Landlord upon re-letting, and Tenant shall be liable for Landlord’s damages and expenses in redecorating and restoring the Premises and all costs incident to such re-letting, including broker’s commissions, reasonable tenant improvements, attorneys’ fees and lease assumptions.  For purposes of this section, Landlord shall first inventory the Tenant property and hold it in the Premises for safekeeping and Tenant shall have a minimum of fifteen (15) days in which to retrieve the property.  In no event shall Tenant be entitled to any rentals received by Landlord in excess of the amounts due by Tenant hereunder. Any such demand, reentry and taking of possession of the Premises by Landlord shall not of itself constitute an acceptance by Landlord of a surrender of the Lease or of the Premises by Tenant and shall not of itself constitute a termination of this Lease by Landlord.  Landlord’s failure to relet the Premises or to make such alterations, redecorations and repairs as set forth in this paragraph shall not release or affect Tenant’s liability for Base Rent and Additional Rent or for damages; or

iii.  
enter upon the Premises, and do whatever Tenant is obligated to do under the terms of this Lease; and Tenant agrees to reimburse Landlord on demand for any expenses including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees which Landlord may incur in thus effecting compliance with Tenant’s obligations under this Lease and Tenant further agrees that Landlord shall not be liable for any damages resulting to Tenant from such action.

If Landlord has relet the Premises or relets thereafter without first terminating this Lease, Landlord will apply any future rentals from reletting (but not rental allocable to any area outside the Premises or rental allocable to the period following the Term) in the following manner: first, to reduce any amounts then due from Tenant, including but not limited to redecorating and restoring the Premises and all costs incident to such re-letting, including broker’s commissions, tenant improvements, attorneys’ fees and lease assumptions or otherwise preparing the Premises for reletting; and, the balance, if any, of the future rentals from reletting shall be retained by Landlord as compensation for reletting the Premises

If Tenant’s right of possession is terminated by Landlord as a result of the occurrence of a Tenant default, Landlord may declare to be due and payable immediately, the present value (calculated with a discount factor of eight percent [8%] per annum) of the difference between (x) the entire amount of Base Rent and Additional Rent and other charges and assessments which in Landlord’s reasonable determination would become due and payable during the remainder of the Lease Term determined as though this Lease had not been terminated (including, but not limited to, increases in Base Rent pursuant to the terms of this Lease), and (y) the then fair market rental value of the Premises for the remainder of the Lease Term.  Upon the acceleration of such amounts, Tenant agrees to pay the same at once, together with all Base Rent and Additional Rent and other charges and assessments then due, it being agreed that such payment shall not constitute a penalty or forfeiture but shall constitute liquidated damages for Tenant’s failure to comply with the terms of this Lease (Landlord and Tenant agreeing that Landlord’s actual damages in such event are impossible to ascertain and that the amount set forth above is a reasonable estimate thereof).  All amounts due under this paragraph are subject to offset by all amounts collected under the preceding paragraph.
 
 
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Pursuit of any of the foregoing remedies shall not preclude pursuit of any other remedy herein provided or any other remedy provided by law or at equity, nor shall pursuit of any remedy herein provided constitute an election of remedies thereby excluding the later election of an alternate remedy, or a forfeiture or waiver of any Base Rent and/or Additional Rent or other charges and assessments payable by Tenant and due to Landlord hereunder or of any damages accruing to Landlord by reason of violation of any of the terms, covenants, warranties and provisions herein contained.  No reentry or taking possession of the Premises by Landlord or any other action taken by or on behalf of Landlord shall be construed to be an acceptance of a surrender of this Lease or an election by Landlord to terminate this Lease unless written notice of such intention is given to Tenant.  Forbearance by Landlord to enforce one or more of the remedies herein provided upon an event of default shall not be deemed or construed to constitute a waiver of such default.  In determining the amount of loss or damage Landlord may suffer by reason of termination of this Lease or the deficiency arising by reason of any reletting of the Premises by Landlord, allowance shall be made for the expense of repossession.  Tenant agrees to pay to Landlord all costs and expenses incurred by Landlord in the enforcement of this Lease.

Upon the occurrence of a Tenant default, Tenant shall pay to Landlord all costs incurred by Landlord (including court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) in (i) obtaining possession of the Premises, (ii) removing and storing Tenant’s or any other occupant’s property, (iii) repairing, restoring, renovating, altering, remodeling, or otherwise putting the Premises into condition acceptable to a new tenant, (iv) if Tenant is dispossessed of, or vacates or abandons, the Premises and this Lease is not terminated, reletting all or any part of the Demised Premises (including, but not limited to, brokerage commissions, cost of tenant finish work, advertising and promotional expenses, and other costs incidental to such reletting), (v) performing Tenant’s obligations which Tenant failed to perform, and (vi) enforcing its rights and remedies arising out of a Tenant default.  Landlord’s rights and remedies under this paragraph shall be in addition to the rights and remedies of Landlord set forth in this Section 22(b) or elsewhere in this Lease, and/or which may otherwise be available to Landlord at law or in equity.

Landlord shall have an affirmative duty to mitigate damages in the event of a Tenant default. Landlord’s obligation to mitigate shall be subject to the following: (i) Landlord must first obtain undisputed possession of the Premises, (ii) Landlord is not obligated to offer the Premises to a tenant or prospective tenant when other suitable premises are available in the Building or in another building owned by Landlord, (iii) Landlord is not obligated to lease the Premises for less than the current fair market rental or for less than other space in the Building is being offered by Landlord, (iv) Landlord is not obligated to lease to any prospective tenant who would disrupt the tenant mix, violate any restrictions or covenants, or adversely affect the reputation of the Building, and (v) Landlord is not obligated to rent to a prospective tenant who is not financially responsible or lacks necessary operating experience.
 
c.   Attorneys Fees. Landlord's reasonable attorneys' fees in pursuing any of the foregoing remedies, or in collecting any Rent or Additional Rent due by Tenant hereunder, shall be paid by Tenant.
 
d.   No Accord and Satisfaction. No acceptance by Landlord of a lesser sum than the Rent, Additional Rent and other sums then due shall be deemed to be other than on account of the earliest installment of such payments due, nor shall any endorsement or statement on any check or any letter accompanying any check or payment be deemed as accord and satisfaction, and Landlord may accept such check or payment without prejudice to Landlord’s right to recover the balance of such installment or pursue any other remedy provided in this Lease.

e.   No Reinstatement. No payment of money by Tenant to Landlord after the expiration or termination of this Lease shall reinstate or extend the Term, or make ineffective any notice of termination given to Tenant prior to the payment of such money.  After the service of notice or the commencement of a suit, or after final judgment granting Landlord possession of the Premises, Landlord may receive and collect any sums due under this Lease, and the payment thereof shall not make ineffective any notice or in any manner affect any pending suit or any judgment previously obtained.

f.   Summary Ejectment. Tenant agrees that in addition to all other rights and remedies Landlord may obtain an order for summary ejectment from any court of competent jurisdiction without prejudice to Landlord's rights to otherwise collect rents or breach of contract damages from Tenant.
 
23.   
MULTIPLE DEFAULTS.

a.   Loss of Option Rights. Tenant acknowledges that any rights or options of first refusal, or to extend the Term, to expand the size of the Premises, to purchase the Premises or the Building, or other similar rights or options which have been granted to Tenant under this Lease are conditioned upon the prompt and diligent performance of the terms of this Lease by Tenant.  Accordingly, should Tenant default under this Lease, in addition to all other remedies available to Landlord, all such rights and options shall automatically, and without further action on the part of any party, expire and be of no further force and effect.

b.   Increased Security Deposit. Should Tenant default in the payment of Base Rent, Additional Rent, or any other sums payable by Tenant under this Lease on two (2) or more occasions during any twelve (12) month period, regardless of whether Landlord permits such default to be cured, then, in addition to all other remedies otherwise available to Landlord, Tenant shall, within ten (10) days after demand by Landlord, post a Security Deposit in, or increase the existing Security Deposit to, a sum equal to three (3) months’ installments of Base Rent.  The Security Deposit shall be governed by the terms of this Lease.

c.   Effect on Notice Rights and Cure Periods. Should Tenant default under this Lease on two (2) or more occasions during any twelve (12) month period, in addition to all other remedies available to Landlord, any notice requirements or cure periods otherwise set forth in this Lease with respect to a default by Tenant shall not apply.
 
 
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24.    BANKRUPTCY .

a.   Trustee’s Rights. Landlord and Tenant understand that, notwithstanding contrary terms in this Lease, a trustee or debtor in possession under the United States Bankruptcy Code, as amended, (the "Code") may have certain rights to assume or assign this Lease.  This Lease shall not be construed to give the trustee or debtor in possession any rights greater than the minimum rights granted under the Code.

b.   Adequate Assurance. Landlord and Tenant acknowledge that, pursuant to the Code, Landlord is entitled to adequate assurances of future performance of the provisions of this Lease.  The parties agree that the term “adequate assurance” shall include at least the following:

i.   In order to assure Landlord that any proposed assignee will have the resources with which to pay all Rent payable pursuant to the provisions of this Lease, any proposed assignee must have, as demonstrated to Landlord’s satisfaction, a net worth (as defined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied) of not less than the net worth of Tenant on the Effective Date (as hereinafter defined), increased by seven percent (7%), compounded annually, for each year from the Effective Date through the date of the proposed assignment.  It is understood and agreed that the financial condition and resources of Tenant were a material inducement to Landlord in entering into this Lease.

ii.   Any proposed assignee must have been engaged in the conduct of business for the five (5) years prior to any such proposed assignment, which business does not violate the Use provisions under Section 4 above, and such proposed assignee shall continue to engage in the Permitted Use under Section 4.  It is understood that Landlord’s asset will be substantially impaired if the trustee in bankruptcy or any assignee of this Lease makes any use of the Premises other than the Permitted Use.

c.   Assumption of Lease Obligations. Any proposed assignee of this Lease must assume and agree to be personally bound by the provisions of this Lease.

25.    NOTICES .

a.   Addresses. All notices, demands and requests by Landlord or Tenant shall be sent to the Notice Addresses set forth in Section 1l, or to such other address as a party may specify by duly given notice.

b.   Form; Delivery; Receipt. ALL NOTICES, DEMANDS AND REQUESTS WHICH MAY BE GIVEN OR WHICH ARE REQUIRED TO BE GIVEN BY EITHER PARTY TO THE OTHER MUST BE IN WRITING UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED. Notices, demands or requests shall be deemed to have been properly given for all purposes if (i) delivered against a written receipt of delivery, (ii) mailed by express, registered or certified mail of the United States Postal Service, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, or (iii) delivered to a nationally recognized overnight courier service for next business day delivery to the receiving party's address as set forth above or (iv) delivered via telecopier or facsimile transmission to the facsimile number listed above, with an original counterpart of such communication sent concurrently as specified in subsection (ii) or (iii) above and with written confirmation of receipt of transmission provided.  Each such notice, demand or request shall be deemed to have been received upon the earlier of the actual receipt or refusal by the addressee or three (3) business days after deposit thereof at any main or branch United States post office if sent in accordance with subsection (ii) above, and the next business day after deposit thereof with the courier if sent pursuant to subsection (iii) above.

c.   Address Changes. The parties shall notify the other of any change in address, which notification must be at least fifteen (15) days in advance of it being effective.
 
d.   Notice by Legal Counsel. Notices may be given on behalf of any party by such party's legal counsel.
 
 
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26.   HOLDING OVER .  If Tenant holds over after the Expiration Date or other termination of this Lease, such holding over shall not be a renewal of this Lease but shall create a tenancy-at-sufferance. Tenant shall continue to be bound by all of the terms and conditions of this Lease, except that during such tenancy-at-sufferance Tenant shall pay to Landlord (i) Base Rent at the rate equal to two hundred percent (200%) of that provided for as of the expiration or termination date, and (ii) any and all Operating Expenses and other forms of Additional Rent payable under this Lease.  The increased Rent during such holding over is intended to compensate Landlord partially for losses, damages and expenses, including frustrating and delaying Landlord's ability to secure a replacement tenant. If Landlord loses a prospective tenant because Tenant fails to vacate the Premises on the Expiration Date or any termination of the Lease after notice to do so, then Tenant will be liable for such damages as Landlord can prove because of Tenant's wrongful failure to vacate.

27.  RIGHT TO RELOCATE .

a.   Substitute Premises. Landlord, at its option, may substitute for the Premises other space (hereafter called "Substitute Premises") owned by Landlord or one of its affiliates in the same geographical vicinity before the Commencement Date or at any time during the Term or any extension of this Lease. Insofar as reasonably possible, the Substitute Premises shall be of comparable quality and shall have a comparable square foot area and a configuration substantially similar to the Premises. Such substitution must be approved by Tenant, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed..

b.   Notice. Landlord shall give Tenant at least sixty (60) days notice of its intention to relocate Tenant to the Substitute Premises.  This notice will be accompanied by a floor plan of the Substitute Premises.  After such notice, Tenant shall have ten (10) days within which to agree with Landlord on the proposed Substitute Premises and unless such agreement is reached within such period of time, Landlord may terminate this Lease at the end of the sixty (60) day period of time following the notice.

c.   Upfit of Substitute Premises. Landlord agrees to construct or alter, at its own expense, the Substitute Premises as expeditiously as possible so that they are in substantially the same condition that the Premises were in immediately prior to the relocation.  Landlord shall have the right to reuse the fixtures, improvements and alterations used in the Premises. Tenant agrees to occupy the Substitute Premises as soon as Landlord's work is substantially completed.
 
d.   Relocation Costs. If relocation occurs after the Commencement Date, then Landlord shall pay Tenant's reasonable third-party costs of moving Tenant's furnishings, telephone and computer wiring, and other property to the Substitute Premises, and reasonable printing costs associated with the change of address.

e.   Lease Terms. Except as provided herein, Tenant agrees that all of the obligations of this Lease, including the payment of Rent (to be determined on a per rentable square foot basis and applied to the Substitute Premises), will continue despite Tenant's relocation to the Substitute Premises.  Upon substantial completion of the Substitute Premises, this Lease will apply to the Substitute Premises as if the Substitute Premises had been the space originally described in this Lease.

f.   Limitation on Landlord’s Liability. Except as provided above, Landlord shall not be liable or responsible in any way for damages or injuries suffered by Tenant pursuant to the relocation in accordance with this provision including, but not limited to, the loss of goodwill, business, productivity or profits.

28.    BROKER'S COMMISSIONS .

a.   Broker. Each party represents and warrants to the other that it has not dealt with any real estate broker, finder or other person with respect to this Lease in any manner, except the Broker identified in Section 1m .

b.   Landlord’s Obligation. Landlord shall pay any commissions or fees that are payable to the Broker with respect to this Lease pursuant to Landlord’s separate agreement with the Broker.

c.   Indemnity. Each party shall indemnify and hold the other party harmless from any and all damages resulting from claims that may be asserted against the other party by any other broker, finder or other person (including, without limitation, any substitute or replacement broker claiming to have been engaged by indemnifying party in the future), claiming to have dealt with the indemnifying party in connection with this Lease or any amendment or extension hereto, or which may result in Tenant leasing other or enlarged space from Landlord. The provisions of this Section shall survive the termination of this Lease.
 
 
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29.    MISCELLANEOUS .

a.   No Agency. Tenant is not, may not become, and shall never represent itself to be an agent of Landlord, and Tenant acknowledges that Landlord's title to the Building is paramount, and that it can do nothing to affect or impair Landlord's title.

b.   Force Majeure. The term “ force majeure ” means:  fire, flood, extreme weather, labor disputes, strike, lock-out, riot, government interference (including regulation, appropriation or rationing), unusual delay in governmental permitting, unusual delay in deliveries or unavailability of materials, unavoidable casualties, Act of God, or other causes beyond the Landlord’s reasonable control.

c.   Building Standard Improvements. The term “Building Standard Improvements” shall mean the standards for normal construction of general office space within the Building as specified by Landlord, including design and construction standards, electrical load factors, materials, fixtures and finishes.

d.   Limitation on Damages. Notwithstanding any other provisions in this Lease, Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant for any special, consequential, incidental or punitive damages.

e.   Satisfaction of Judgments Against Landlord. If Landlord, or its employees, officers, directors, stockholders or partners are ordered to pay Tenant a money judgment because of Landlord's default under this Lease, said money judgment may only be enforced against and satisfied out of: (i) Landlord's interest in the Building in which the Premises are located including the rental income and proceeds from sale; and (ii) any insurance or condemnation proceeds received because of damage or condemnation to, or of, said Building that are available for use by Landlord.  No other assets of Landlord or said other parties exculpated by the preceding sentence shall be liable for, or subject to, any such money judgment.

f.   Interest. Should Tenant fail to pay any amount due to Landlord by the date such amount is due (whether Base Rent, Additional Rent, or any other payment obligation), then the amount due shall begin accruing interest at the rate of 18% per annum, compounded monthly, or the highest permissible rate under applicable usury law, whichever is less, until paid.

g.   Legal Costs. Should Landlord prevail in any legal proceedings against the Tenant for breach of any provision in this Lease, then Tenant shall be liable for the costs and expenses of the Landlord, including its reasonable attorneys' fees (at all tribunal levels).

h.   Sale of Premises or Building. Landlord may sell the Premises or the Building without affecting the obligations of Tenant hereunder; upon the sale of the Premises or the Building, Landlord shall be relieved of all responsibility for the Premises and shall be released from any liability thereafter accruing under this Lease.

i.   Time of the Essence. Time is of the essence in the performance of all obligations under the terms of this Lease.

j.   Transfer of Security Deposit. If any Security Deposit or prepaid Rent has been paid by Tenant, Landlord may transfer the Security Deposit or prepaid Rent to Landlord's successor and upon such transfer, Landlord shall be released from any liability for return of the Security Deposit or prepaid Rent.

k.   Tender of Premises. The delivery of a key or other such tender of possession of the Premises to Landlord or to an employee of Landlord shall not operate as a termination of this Lease or a surrender of the Premises unless requested in writing by Landlord.

l.   Tenant’s Financial Statements. Upon request of Landlord, Tenant agrees to furnish to Landlord copies of Tenant’s most recent annual, quarterly and monthly financial statements, audited if available. The financial statements shall be prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied. The financial statements shall include a balance sheet and a statement of profit and loss, and the annual financial statement shall also include a statement of changes in financial position and appropriate explanatory notes. Landlord may deliver the financial statements to any prospective or existing mortgagee or purchaser of the Building.
 
 
 
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m.   Recordation. This Lease (including a memorandum thereof) may not be recorded without Landlord's prior written consent.

n.   Severability. If any clause or provision of this Lease is illegal, invalid or unenforceable under present or future laws, the remainder of this Lease shall not be affected thereby, and in lieu of each clause or provision of this Lease which is illegal, invalid or unenforceable, there shall be added as a part of this Lease a clause or provision as nearly identical to the said clause or provision as may be legal, valid and enforceable.

o.   Binding Effect. This Lease shall be binding upon the respective parties hereto, and upon their heirs, executors, successors and assigns.

p.   Entire Agreement. This Lease supersedes and cancels all prior negotiations between the parties, and no changes shall be effective unless in writing signed by both parties. Tenant acknowledges and agrees that it has not relied upon any statements, representations, agreements or warranties except those expressed in this Lease, and that this Lease contains the entire agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.

q.   Good Standing. If requested by Landlord, Tenant shall furnish appropriate legal documentation evidencing the valid existence in good standing of Tenant, and the authority of any person signing this Lease to act for the Tenant.  If Tenant signs as a corporation, each of the persons executing this Lease on behalf of Tenant does hereby covenant and warrant that Tenant is a duly authorized and existing corporation, that Tenant has and is qualified to do business in the State in which the Premises are located, that the corporation has a full right and authority to enter into this Lease and that each of the persons signing on behalf of the corporation is authorized to do so.

r.   Terminology. The singular shall include the plural, and the masculine, feminine or neuter includes the other.

s.   Headings. Headings of sections are for convenience only and shall not be considered in construing the meaning of the contents of such section.

t.   Choice of Law. This Lease shall be interpreted and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State in which the Premises are located.

u.   Effective Date. The submission of this Lease to Tenant for review does not constitute a reservation of or option for the Premises, and this Lease shall become effective as a contract only upon the execution and delivery by both Landlord and Tenant. The date of execution shall be entered on the top of the first page of this Lease by Landlord, and shall be the date on which the last party signed the Lease, or as otherwise may be specifically agreed by both parties.  Such date, once inserted, shall be established as the final day of ratification by all parties to this Lease, and shall be the date for use throughout this Lease as the "Effective Date".

v.   Landlord’s Lien .   In addition to any statutory lien for rent in Landlord's favor, Landlord shall have and Tenant hereby grants to Landlord a continuing security interest for all rentals and other sums of money becoming due hereunder from Tenant, upon all goods, wares, equipment, fixtures, furniture, inventory, client files, accounts , contract rights, chattel paper and other personal property of Tenant situated on the Premises, and such property shall not be removed therefrom without the consent of Landlord until all arrearages in Base Rent and Additional Rent as well as any and all other sums of money then due to Landlord hereunder all first have been paid and discharged. In the event of a default under this Lease, Landlord shall have, in addition to any other remedies provided herein or by law, all rights and remedies under Uniform Commercial Code, including, without limitation, the right to sell the property described in this paragraph at public or private sale upon five (5) days notice to Tenant.  Tenant hereby agrees that Landlord shall be entitled to prepare and file such financial statements and other instruments necessary or desirable in Landlord's discretion to perfect the security interest hereby created. Any statutory lien for rent is not hereby waived, the express contractual lien herein granted being in addition and supplementary thereto.

w.   Joint and Several .  If Tenant comprises more than one person, corporation, partnership or other entity, the liability hereunder of all such persons, corporations, partnerships or other entities shall be joint and several.

x.   No Construction Against Preparer .  No provision of this Lease shall be construed against or interpreted to the disadvantage of any party by any court or other governmental or judicial authority by reason of such party’s having or being deemed to have prepared or imposed such provision.

30.   SPECIAL CONDITIONS .  The following special conditions, if any, shall apply, and where in conflict with earlier provisions in this Lease shall control:

“None”
 
 
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31.   ADDENDA AND EXHIBITS.   If any addenda are noted below, such addenda are incorporated herein and made a part of this Lease.
 
a.   Lease Addendum Number One – Workletter
b.   Lease Addendum Number Two – Operating Expense Pass Throughs
c.   Exhibit A – Premises
d.   Exhibit B – Rules and Regulations
e.   Exhibit C – Commencement Agreement
f.   Exhibit D – Insurance Certificate

32.    RENEWAL OPTION.   Tenant shall have the option to renew this Agreement under the same terms and conditions for an additional period of three years (“Renewal Term”), with an annual escalation of Rent of three percent (3%) per year from the rental amount in effect at the time the Renewal Option is exercised.  Tenant shall notify Landlord of its intent to renew at least ninety (90) days prior to expiration of the Term.
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Landlord and Tenant have executed this lease in four originals, all as of the day and year first above written.

TENANT:  
     
Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc.  
       
 
By: 
   
  Name:       
  Title:     
  Date:     
       
  Affix Corporate Seal:  
 
 
LANDLORD:  
   
CONCOURSE ASSOCIATES, LLC  
a North Carolina limited liability company  
     
By:
   
  Name: Art E. Nivison  
  Title: Manager  
     
   [Company Seal]  
 
 
22

 
\
A CKNOWLEDGMENT



STATE OF _______________________                  (Corporation)
COUNTY OF _____________________

I, the undersigned Notary Public, certify that ____________________________________ personally came before me this day and acknowledged that ____he is _____________________ of Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc., a North Carolina corporation, and that by authority duly given and as the act of the corporation, the foregoing instrument was signed in its name by _______________________, as its _________________ President, and sealed with its common corporate seal.

WITNESS my hand and notarial seal, this ____ day of __________________, 2010.

Notary Public: ______________________________
Name: ____________________________________
My Commission Expires: ______________________


 
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LEASE ADDENDUM NUMBER ONE [WORKLETTER]

WORKLETTER.   This Lease Addendum Number One (the “First Addendum”) sets forth the rights and obligations of Landlord and Tenant with respect to space planning, engineering, final workshop drawings, and the construction and installation of any improvements to the Premises to be completed before the Commencement Date ("Tenant Improvements").  This First Addendum contemplates that the performance of this work will proceed in four stages in accordance with the following schedule:  (i) preparation of a space plan; (ii) final design and engineering and preparation of final plans and working drawings; (iii) preparation by the Contractor (as hereinafter defined) of an estimate of the additional cost of the initial Tenant Improvements; (iv) submission and approval of plans by appropriate governmental authorities and construction and installation of the Tenant Improvements by the Commencement Date.

In consideration of the mutual covenants hereinafter contained, Landlord and Tenant do mutually agree to the following:

1.   Space Planning, Design and Working Drawings.   Landlord shall designate architects and engineers who will comply with the following:

a.   Attend a reasonable number of meetings with Tenant and Landlord's agent to define Tenant requirements.  One complete space plan shall be prepared by the architect and Tenant shall approve such space plan within two business days after receipt of the space plan.

b.   If Tenant makes any revision to the space plan after such plan has been approved by both Landlord and Tenant, then Tenant shall pay all additional costs and expenses incurred as a result of such revisions.

c.   Complete construction drawings for Tenant's partition layout, reflected ceiling grid, telephone and electrical outlets, keying, and finish schedule (subject to the limitation expressed in Section 2 below).

d.   Complete building standard mechanical plans where necessary (for installation of air conditioning system and duct work, and heating and electrical facilities) for the work to be done in the Premises.

e.   All plans and working drawings for the construction and completion of the Premises shall be subject to Landlord's prior written approval (the “Plans”).  Any changes or modifications Tenant desires to make to the Plans shall also be subject to Landlord's prior approval.  Landlord agrees that it will not unreasonably withhold its approval of the Plans, or of any changes or modifications thereof; provided, however, Landlord shall have sole and absolute discretion to approve or disapprove any improvements that will be visible to the exterior of the Premises, or which may affect the structural integrity of the Building.  Any approval of the Plans by Landlord shall not constitute approval of any Delays caused by Tenant and shall not be deemed a waiver of any rights or remedies that may arise as a result of such Delays.
 
f.   If Tenant wants improvements in addition to those being provided by Landlord, then Tenant shall cause additional Plans to be prepared concurrently with the preparation of the original Plans.  The additional Plans will be prepared by Landlord's architect or engineer or by an architect or engineer of Tenant's own selection; provided Landlord has the right to approve any architect or engineer selected by Tenant.  All design fees and costs of preparing the additional Plans shall be paid by Tenant.

2.   Building Standard Improvement.   Landlord agrees, at its sole cost and expense, to design, engineer, install, supply and otherwise to construct the Building Standard Improvements in the Premises that will become a part of the Building as specified in Schedule One to this Lease Addendum Number One and shown on Exhibit A attached to this Lease as necessary to hire a licensed general contractor (the "Contractor") to provide for such work to be completed. Tenant agrees that the Contractor may be an affiliate of Landlord.

3.   Signage and Keying.   Door and/or directory signage and suite keying in accordance with building standards shall be provided and installed by the Landlord .
 
 
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4.   Work and Materials at Tenant's Expense .

a.   Any additional improvements to those shown in Exhibit A or Non-standard finishes shall be made and provided at Tenant’s expense.

b.   Prior to commencing and providing any improvements that will be provided at Tenant’s expense (including finishes), Landlord shall submit to Tenant written estimates of the cost of such improvements and Tenant shall provide written approval to the estimates within five (5) business days after the receipt thereof.  Landlord shall not be authorized to proceed thereon until the estimate is mutually agreed upon and approved in writing and delivered to Landlord.

c.   Tenant agrees to pay to Landlord, promptly upon being billed therefor, all costs and expenses that are its responsibility.  Such costs and expenses shall include all amounts charged by the Contractor for performing such work and providing such materials (including the Contractor's general conditions, overhead and profit).  Tenant will be billed for such costs and expenses as follows:  (i) 50% of such costs and expenses shall be due and payable upon Tenant's approval of the cost estimates;  (ii) 25% of such costs and expenses shall be due and payable when such work is substantially completed and the Premises are ready for delivery to Tenant; (iii) 25% of such costs and expenses shall be due and payable upon final completion of punch list items.

5.   Tenant Plan Delivery Date.

a.   Tenant covenants and agrees that although certain plans and drawings may be prepared by Landlord's architect or engineer, Tenant shall be solely responsible for the timely completion of the Plans and it is hereby understood time is of the essence.

b.   Tenant covenants and agrees to deliver to Landlord final Plans on or before _____ N/A ____ (the "Tenant Plan Delivery Date").  It is vital that the final Plans be delivered to Landlord by the Tenant Plan Delivery Date in order to allow Landlord sufficient time to review such Plans, to discuss with Tenant any changes therein which Landlord believes to be necessary or desirable, to enable the Contractor to prepare an estimate of the additional cost of initial Tenant Improvements, and to substantially complete the Premises within the time frame provided in the Lease.

6.   Commencement Date.

a.   The Commencement Date shall be the date when the work to be performed by Landlord pursuant to the Plans approved by Landlord and Tenant has been substantially completed (excluding items of work and adjustment of equipment and fixtures that can be completed after the Premises are occupied without causing material interference with Tenant's use of the Premises -- i.e., "punch list items"), and the Landlord delivers possession of the Premises to Tenant in accordance with Section 3 of the Lease.

b.   Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Landlord shall be delayed in delivering possession of the Premises as a result of:

i.   Tenant’s failure to approve the space plan within the time specified;

ii.   Tenant's failure to approve Landlord's cost estimates within the time specified;

iii.   Tenant's changes to approved Plans (notwithstanding Landlord's approval of any such changes);

iv.   Inability to obtain non-building standard materials, finishes or installations requested by Tenant; or

v.   The performance of any work by any person, firm or corporation employed or retained by Tenant; or

vi.   Any other act or omission by Tenant or its agents, representatives, and/or employees;

then, in any such event, for purposes of determining the Commencement Date, the Premises shall be deemed to have been delivered to Tenant on the date that Landlord and architect determine that the Premises would have been substantially completed and ready for delivery if such delay or delays had not occurred.
 
 
25

 

7.   Materials and Workmanship.   Landlord covenants and agrees that all work performed in connection with the construction of the Premises shall be performed in a good and workmanlike manner and in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations and with the final approved Plans.  Landlord agrees to exercise due diligence in completing the construction of the Premises.

8.   Repairs and Corrections.   Landlord shall select a Contractor who will provide a one-year warranty from the date of delivery of the Premises, transferable to Tenant, for defective workmanship and materials.  If with Tenant’s agreement, used equipment is installed as part of the Work, the used equipment shall be installed “as is” and without any warranties. Landlord shall transfer to Tenant all manufacturers’ and builders’ warranties with respect to the Work, without recourse to the Landlord. Tenant shall repair or correct any defective work or materials installed by Tenant or any contractor other than Landlord's Contractor, or any work or materials that prove defective as a result of any act or omission of Tenant or any of its employees, agents, invitees, licensees, subtenants, customers, clients, or guests.

9.   Inspection of Premises; Possession by Tenant.   Prior to taking possession of the Premises, Tenant and Landlord shall inspect the Premises and Tenant shall give Landlord notice of any defects or incomplete work (“Punchlist”). Tenant’s possession of the Premises constitutes acknowledgment by Tenant that the Premises are in good condition and that all work and materials provided by Landlord are satisfactory as of such date of occupancy, except as to (i) any defects or incomplete work set forth in the Punchlist, (ii) latent defects, and (iii) any equipment that is used seasonally if Tenant takes possession of the Premises during a season when such equipment is not in use.

10.   Access During Construction.   During construction of the Tenant Improvements and with prior approval of Landlord, Tenant shall be permitted reasonable access to the Premises for the purposes of taking measurements, making plans, installing trade fixtures, moving in office furniture, and doing such other work as may be appropriate or desirable to enable Tenant to assume possession of and operate in the Premises; provided, however, that such access does not interfere with or delay construction work on the Premises. Prior to any such entry, Tenant shall comply with all insurance provisions of the Lease. All waiver and indemnity provisions of the Lease shall apply upon Tenant’s entry of the Premises.
 
 
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SCHEDULE ONE
TO
LEASE ADDENDUM NUMBER ONE

Landlord agrees to make the following Building-standard Improvements at its own cost and expense, as shown on Exhibit A:

1)   Patch and repaint the Premises using Building-standard paint;
2)   Add two offices approximately 9’x11’;
3)   Add a reception area;
4)   Add an office/workroom with a viewing window;
5)   Relocate the wall in breakroom;
6)   Add cipher locks to the two doors;
7)   Install new carpeting in the new rooms;
8)   Install VCT flooring in the break/file room;
9)   Add two new doors into the common area hallway;
10)   Running water lines for refrigerator ice-maker and commercial coffee-maker.
11)   Reimburse Tenant for fees incurred in setting up telecommunication system, such fees not to exceed three thousand ($3,000.00).dollars.

The above improvements will not include a construction supervision fee.
 
 
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LEASE ADDENDUM NUMBER TWO [BASE YEAR calendar year]
 
ADDITIONAL RENT - OPERATING EXPENSE PASS THROUGHS. For the calendar year commencing on January 1, 2012 and for each calendar year thereafter, Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as Additional Rent, Tenant's Proportionate Share of any increase in Operating Expenses (as hereinafter defined) incurred by Landlord's operation or maintenance of the Building above the Operating Expenses Landlord incurred during the Base Year (as hereinafter defined).  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the increase in Operating Expenses exceed five percent (5%) of the controllable Operating Expenses of the prior year.

For purposes of calculating Tenant's Proportionate Share of real and personal property taxes, Landlord shall use the Base Year or the year in which the Building and improvements are completed and are fully assessed, whichever shall be later.  Tenant's Proportionate Share shall be calculated by dividing the approximately 5,954 rentable square feet of the Premises by the approximately 131,553 net rentable square feet of the Building, which equals 5.525%.  If during any calendar year the occupancy of the rentable area of the Building is less than 95% full, then Operating Expenses (as hereinafter defined) will be adjusted for such calendar year at a rate of 95% occupancy.

For the calendar year commencing on January 1, 2012 and for each calendar year thereafter during the Term, Landlord shall estimate the amount the Operating Expenses shall increase for such calendar year above the Operating Expenses incurred during the Base Year.  Landlord shall send to Tenant a written statement of the amount of Tenant's Proportionate Share of any estimated increase in Operating Expenses and Tenant shall pay to Landlord, monthly, Tenant's Proportionate Share of such increase in Operating Expenses.  Within one hundred and eighty (180) days after the end of each calendar year or as soon as possible thereafter, Landlord shall send a copy of the Annual Statement to Tenant.  Pursuant to the Annual Statement, Tenant shall pay to Landlord Additional Rent as owed or Landlord shall adjust Tenant's Rent payments if Landlord owes Tenant a credit. After the Expiration Date, Landlord shall send Tenant the final Annual Statement for the Term, and Tenant shall pay to Landlord Additional Rent as owed or if Landlord owes Tenant a credit, then Landlord shall pay Tenant a refund. If there is a decrease in Operating Expenses in any subsequent year below Operating Expenses for the Base Year then no additional rent shall be due on account of Operating Expenses, but Tenant shall not be entitled to any credit, refund or other payment that would reduce the amount of other additional rent or Base Rent owed. If this Lease expires or terminates on a day other than December 31, then Additional Rent shall be prorated on a 365-day calendar year (or 366 if a leap year). All payments or adjustments for Additional Rent shall be made within thirty (30) days after the applicable Statement is sent to Tenant.

The term “Base Year” shall mean the twelve month period beginning on the January 1, 2011 and ending on December 31, 2011 .

The term "Operating Expenses" shall mean all direct costs incurred by Landlord in the provision of services to tenants and in the operation, repair and maintenance of the Building and Common Areas as determined by generally accepted accounting principles, including, but not limited to ad valorem real and personal property taxes, amortization of capital improvements that reduce Operating Expenses, hazard and liability insurance premiums, utilities, heat, air conditioning, janitorial service, labor, materials, supplies, equipment and tools, permits, licenses, inspection fees, management fees, and common area expenses; provided, however, the term "Operating Expenses" shall not include depreciation on the Building or equipment therein, interest, executive salaries, real estate brokers’ commissions, or other expenses that do not relate to the operation of the Building. The annual statement of Operating Expenses shall be accounted for and reported in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (the "Annual Statement").

 
28

 
 
EXHIBIT A
 
PREMISES

 
  1
 

 

EXHIBIT B
 
RULES AND REGULATIONS

1.  
Access to Building .  On Saturdays, Sundays, legal holidays and weekdays between the hours of 6:00 P.M. and 8:00 A.M., access to the Building and/or to the halls, corridors, elevators or stairways in the Building may be restricted and access shall be gained by use of a key or electronic card to the outside doors of the Buildings.  Landlord may from time to time establish security controls for the purpose of regulating access to the Building.  Tenant shall be responsible for providing access to the Premises for its agents, employees, invitees and guests at times access is restricted, and shall comply with all such security regulations so established.

2.  
Protecting Premises .  The last member of Tenant to leave the Premises shall close and securely lock all doors or other means of entry to the Premises and shut off all lights and equipment in the Premises.

3.  
Building Directories .  The directories for the Building in the form selected by Landlord shall be used exclusively for the display of the name and location of tenants.  Any additional names and/or name change requested by Tenant to be displayed in the directories must be approved by Landlord and, if approved, will be provided at the sole expense of Tenant.

4.  
Large Articles .  Furniture, freight and other large or heavy articles may be brought into the Building only at times and in the manner designated by Landlord and always at Tenant's sole responsibility.  All damage done to the Building, its furnishings, fixtures or equipment by moving or maintaining such furniture, freight or articles shall be repaired at Tenant’s expense.

5.  
Signs .  Tenant shall not paint, display, inscribe, maintain or affix any sign, placard, picture, advertisement, name, notice, lettering or direction on any part of the outside or inside of the Building, or on any part of the inside of the Premises which can be seen from the outside of the Premises, including windows and doors, without the written consent of Landlord, and then only such name or names or matter and in such color, size, style, character and material as shall be first approved by Landlord in writing.  Landlord, without notice to Tenant, reserves the right to remove, at Tenant's expense, all matters other than that provided for above.

6.  
Compliance with Laws .  Tenant shall comply with all applicable laws, ordinances, governmental orders or regulations and applicable orders or directions from any public office or body having jurisdiction, whether now existing or hereinafter enacted with respect to the Premises and the use or occupancy thereof.  Tenant shall not make or permit any use of the Premises which directly or indirectly is forbidden by law, ordinance, governmental regulations or order or direction of applicable public authority, which may be dangerous to persons or property or which may constitute a nuisance to other tenants.

7.  
Hazardous Materials .  Tenant shall not use or permit to be brought into the Premises or the Building any flammable oils or fluids, or any explosive or other articles deemed hazardous to persons or property, or do or permit to be done any act or thing which will invalidate, or which, if brought in, would be in conflict with any insurance policy covering the Building or its operation, or the Premises, or any part of either, and will not do or permit to be done anything in or upon the Premises, or bring or keep anything therein, which shall not comply with all rules, orders, regulations or requirements of any organization, bureau, department or body having jurisdiction with respect thereto (and Tenant shall at all times comply with all such rules, orders, regulations or requirements), or which shall increase the rate of insurance on the Building, its appurtenances, contents or operation.

8.  
Defacing Premises and Overloading .  Tenant shall not place anything or allow anything to be placed in the Premises near the glass of any door, partition, wall or window that may be unsightly from outside the Premises.  Tenant shall not place or permit to be placed any article of any kind on any window ledge or on the exterior walls; blinds, shades, awnings or other forms of inside or outside window ventilators or similar devices shall not be placed in or about the outside windows in the Premises except to the extent that the character, shape, color, material and make thereof is approved by Landlord.  Tenant shall not do any painting or decorating in the Premises or install any floor cover­ings in the Premises or make, paint, cut or drill into, or in any way deface any part of the Premises or Building without in each instance obtaining the prior written consent of Landlord.  Tenant shall not overload any floor or part thereof in the Premises, or any facility in the Building or any public corridors or elevators therein by bringing in or removing any large or heavy articles and Landlord may direct and control the location of safes, files, and all other heavy articles and, if considered necessary by Landlord may require Tenant at its expense to supply whatever supplementary supports necessary to properly distribute the weight.
 
 
1

 
 
9.  
Obstruction of Public Areas .  Tenant shall not, whether temporarily, accidentally or otherwise, allow anything to remain in, place or store anything in, or obstruct in any way, any sidewalk, court, hall, passageway, entrance, or shipping area.  Tenant shall lend its full cooperation to keep such areas free from all obstruction and in a clean and sightly condition, and move all supplies, furniture and equipment as soon as received directly to the Premises, and shall move all such items and waste (other than waste customarily removed by Building employees) that are at any time being taken from the Premises directly to the areas designated for disposal.  All courts, passageways, entrances, exits, elevators, escalators, stairways, corridors, halls and roofs are not for the use of the general public and Landlord shall in all cases retain the right to control and prevent access thereto by all persons whose presence, in the judgment of Landlord, shall be prejudicial to the safety, character, reputation and interest of the Building and its tenants; provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent such access to persons with whom Tenant deals within the normal course of Tenant's business so long as such persons are not engaged in illegal activities.

10.  
Additional Locks .  Tenant shall not attach, or permit to be attached, additional locks or similar devices to any door or window, change existing locks or the mechanism thereof, or make or permit to be made any keys for any door other than those provided by Landlord.  Upon termination of this Lease or of Tenant's posses­sion, Tenant shall immediately surrender all keys to the Premises.

11.  
Communications or Utility Connections .  If Tenant desires signal, alarm or other utility or similar service connections installed or changed, then Tenant shall not install or change the same without the approval of Landlord, and then only under direction of Landlord and at Tenant's expense.  Tenant shall not install in the Premises any equipment which requires a greater than normal amount of electrical current for the permitted use without the advance written consent of Landlord.  Tenant shall ascertain from Landlord the maximum amount of load or demand for or use of electrical current which can safely be permitted in the Premises, taking into account the capacity of the electric wiring in the Building and the Premises and the needs of other tenants in the Building, and Tenant shall not in any event connect a greater load than that which is safe.

12.  
Office of the Building .  Service requirements of Tenant will be attended to only upon application at the office of Highwoods Properties, Inc. Employees of Landlord shall not perform, and Tenant shall not engage them to do any work outside of their duties unless specifically authorized by Landlord.

13.  
Restrooms .  The restrooms, toilets, urinals, vanities and the other apparatus shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which they were constructed, and no foreign substance of any kind whatsoever shall be thrown therein.  The expense of any breakage, stoppage or damage resulting from the violation of this rule shall be borne by the Tenant whom, or whose employees or invitees, shall have caused it.

14.  
Intoxication .  Landlord reserves the right to exclude or expel from the Building any person who, in the judgment of Landlord, is intoxicated, or under the influence of liquor or drugs, or who in any way violates any of the Rules and Regulations of the Building.

15.  
Nuisances and Certain Other Prohibited Uses .  Tenant shall not (a) install or operate any internal combus­tion engine, boiler, machinery, refrigerating, heating or air conditioning apparatus in or about the Premises; (b) engage in any mechanical business, or in any service in or about the Premises or Building, except those ordinarily embraced within the Permitted Use as specified in Section 3 of the Lease; (c) use the Premises for housing, lodging, or sleep­ing purposes; (d) prepare or warm food in the Premises or permit food to be brought into the Premises for consumption therein (heating coffee and individual lunches of employees excepted) except by express permission of Landlord; (e) place any radio or television antennae on the roof or on or in any part of the inside or outside of the Building other than the inside of the Premises, or place a musical or sound producing instrument or device inside or outside the Premises which may be heard outside the Premises; (f) use any power source for the operation of any equipment or device other than dry cell batteries or electricity; (g) operate any electrical device from which may emanate waves that could interfere with or impair radio or television broadcasting or reception from or in the Building or elsewhere; (h) bring or permit to be in the Building any bicycle, other vehicle, dog (except in the company of a blind person), other animal or bird; (i) make or permit any objectionable noise or odor to emanate from the Premises; (j) disturb, harass, solicit or canvass any occupant of the Building; (k) do anything in or about the Premises which could be a nuisance or tend to injure the reputation of the Building; (i) allow any firearms in the Building or the Premises except as approved by Landlord in writing.
 
 
2

 
 
16.  
Solicitation .  Tenant shall not canvass other tenants in the Building to solicit business or contributions and shall not exhibit, sell or offer to sell, use, rent or exchange any products or services in or from the Premises unless ordinarily embraced within the Tenant's Permitted Use as specified in Section 3 of the Lease.

17.  
Energy Conservation .  Tenant shall not waste electricity, water, heat or air conditioning and agrees to cooperate fully with Landlord to insure the most effective operation of the Building's heating and air conditioning, and shall not allow the adjustment (except by Landlord's authorized Building personnel) of any controls.

18.  
Building Security .  At all times other than normal business hours the exterior Building doors and suite entry door(s) must be kept locked to assist in security. Problems in Building and suite security should be directed to Landlord at 919/872-4924.

19.  
Parking .  Parking is in designated parking areas only.  There shall be no vehicles in "no parking" zones or at curbs.  Handicapped spaces are for handicapped persons only and the Police Department will ticket unauthor­ized (unidentified) cars in handicapped spaces. Landlord reserves the right to remove vehicles that do not comply with the Lease or these Rules and Regulations and Tenant shall indemnify and hold harmless Landlord from its reasonable exercise of these rights with respect to the vehicles of Tenant and its employees, agents and invitees.

20.  
Janitorial Service .  The janitorial staff will remove all trash from trashcans.  Any container or boxes left in hallways or apparently discarded unless clearly and conspicuously labeled DO NOT REMOVE may be removed without liability to Landlord.  Any large volume of trash resulting from delivery of furniture, equipment, etc., should be removed by the delivery company, Tenant, or Landlord at Tenant's expense.  Janitorial service will be provided after hours five (5) days a week.  All requests for trash removal other than normal janitorial services should be directed to Landlord at 919/872-4924.

21.  
Construction .  Tenant shall make no structural or interior alterations of the Premises.  All structural and nonstructural alterations and modifications to the Premises shall be coordinated through Landlord as outlined in the Lease.  Completed construction drawings of the requested changes are to be submitted to Landlord or its designated agent for pricing and construction supervision.

 
3

 

EXHIBIT C
 
COMMENCEMENT AGREEMENT AND LEASE AMENDMENT NUMBER ONE

This COMMENCEMENT AGREEMENT AND LEASE AMENDMENT NUMBER ONE (the “First Amendment”), made and entered into as of this _______ day of ________________, 200__, by and between CONCOURSE ASSOCIATES, LLC, a North Carolina limited liability company  (“Landlord”) and Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc., a North Carolina corporation  (“Tenant”);

W I T N E S S E T H :

WHEREAS, Tenant and Landlord entered into that certain Lease Agreement dated _____________ (the “Lease”), for space designated as Suite 490, comprising approximately 5,954 rentable square feet, in The Concourse Building, located at One Copley Parkway, City of Morrisville, County of Wake, State of North Carolina; and

WHEREAS, Tenant and Landlord have inspected the Premises and confirmed that all work included in the Workletter has been completed satisfactorily; and

WHEREAS, the parties desire to amend the Rent Schedule and further alter and modify said Lease in the manner set forth below,

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual and reciprocal promises herein contained, Tenant and Landlord hereby agree that said Lease hereinafter described be, and the same is hereby modified in the following particulars, effective as of _____________________:

1.   Lease Term.   The definition for “Term”, provided in Section One of the Lease, entitled “Basic Definitions and Provisions” shall be amended to provide that the Commencement Date is: March 1, 2011 and the Expiration Date is: February 29, 2016.

2.   Base Rent .   The definition for “Rent”, provided in Section One of the Lease, entitled “Basic Definitions and Provisions”, shall be amended as follows:

A.   Base Rent.   Subsection 1(e) entitled “Base Rent”, is amended to provide that the Base Rent for the Term shall be $ __________, instead of $______________.

B.   Rent Schedule.   The rent schedule provided in Subsection 1(e) shall be replaced with the following rent schedule:

3.   Miscellaneous.   Unless otherwise defined herein, all capitalized terms used in this First Amendment shall have the same definitions ascribed to them in the Lease.

4.       Lease Effectiveness.   Except as modified and amended by this First Amendment, the Lease shall remain in full force and effect.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Landlord and Tenant have caused this Agreement to be duly executed, as of the day and year first above written.
 
Tenant:  
     
Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc.  
a  North Carolina corporation  
       
 
By:
   
  Name:     
  Title:       
  Date:     
  Attest:     
        Secretary
       
    Corporate Seal:  

Landlord:  
   
CONCOURSE ASSOCIATES, LLC  
a North Carolina limited liability company  
     
By:
   
Date:    
 
 

 
 
EXHIBIT D
 
EXAMPLE OF INSURANCE CERTIFICATE
 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
Exhibit 31.1
 
 
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Chris J. Stern, certify that:
 
1.  
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc.;
 
2.  
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.  
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.  
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a)    
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b)    
designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c)    
evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d)    
disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.  
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a)    
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b)    
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
Date: March 21, 2011
By:
/ s/ Chris J. Stern  
    Chris J. Stern  
    Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
Exhibit 31.2
 
 
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Michael B. Jebsen, certify that:
 
1.  
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc.;
 
2.  
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.  
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.  
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a)    
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b)    
designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c)    
evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d)    
disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.  
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a)    
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b)    
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: March 21, 2011
By:
 /s/ Michael B. Jebsen  
    Michael B. Jebsen  
   
Secretary and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
 

 
 
Exhibit 32.1
 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended January 31, 2011 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Chris J. Stern, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
Date: March 21, 2011
By:
/s/ Chris J. Stern  
    Chris J. Stern  
   
(Chief  Executive Officer)
 
 
The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.
Exhibit 32.2
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended January 31, 2011 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Michael B. Jebsen, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
Date: March 21, 2011
By:
 /s/ Michael B. Jebsen  
    Michael B. Jebsen  
   
( Chief   Financial Officer)
 
       
 
The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.