UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
þ
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED October 31, 2011
 
OR
 
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM              TO              
 
Commission File Number 001-34600
 
OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC .
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
 
26-2593535
(State of incorporation)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
ONE Copley Parkway, Suite 490, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(919) 855-2120
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   þ      No   ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes   þ      No   ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer
¨
Accelerated filer
¨
Non-accelerated filer
¨
Smaller reporting company
þ
       
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
     
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ¨     No   þ
 
As of December 13, 2011, the registrant had outstanding 27,395,858 shares of Common Stock.



 
 

 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
     
PAGE
 
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
         
Item 1.
Unaudited Financial Statements
    3  
 
Balance Sheets as of October 31, 2011 and as of April 30, 2011
    3  
 
Statements of Operations for the Three and Six months Ended October 31, 2011 and 2010
    4  
 
Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended October 31, 2011 and 2010
    5  
 
Notes to Financial Statements
    7  
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
    20  
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
    29  
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
    29  
           
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
         
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
    30  
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
    30  
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
    30  
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
    30  
Item 4.
(Removed and Reserved)
    30  
Item 5.
Other Information
    30  
Item 6.
Exhibits
    31  

 
2

 
 
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
(a development stage enterprise)
 
BALANCE SHEETS
 
   
October 31, 2011
   
April 30, 2011
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
ASSETS
Current assets
           
   Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 2,004,257     $ 951,944  
   Accounts receivable
    7,559       138,867  
   Government grant receivable     375,725       -  
   Inventory
    95,720       257,382  
   Prepaid expenses
    106,983       275,876  
   Other current assets
    283,280       8,142  
  Total current assets
    2,873,524       1,632,211  
Property and equipment, net
    351,070       442,586  
Debt issuance costs, net
    342,967       -  
Intangible assets, net
    831,407       699,951  
Other assets
    149,652       147,608  
Total assets
  $ 4,548,620     $ 2,922,356  
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
 
Current liabilities
               
   Accounts payable
  $ 781,509     $ 889,376  
   Accrued liabilities
    1,307,203       1,250,573  
   Current portion of notes payable, net
    7,195       43,295  
  Total current liabilities
    2,095,907       2,183,244  
Long-term portion of notes payable, net
    6,178,470       4,463,635  
Total liabilities
    8,274,377       6,646,879  
                 
Stockholders' deficit
               
Preferred stock, undesignated, authorized 10,000,000 shares; none issued or outstanding
    -       -  
Common stock, par value $.0001 per share; authorized 400,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 23,857,671 and 23,393,307,  respectively
    2,386       2,339  
Additional paid-in capital
    93,986,723       88,189,012  
Deficit accumulated during the development stage
    (97,714,866 )     (91,915,874 )
Total stockholders’ deficit
    (3,725,757 )     (3,724,523 )
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit
  $ 4,548,620     $ 2,922,356  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
 
 
3

 
 
OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
(a development stage enterprise)
 
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
   
Period from May 26, 1967 (Inception) to
   
Three months ended October 31,
   
Six months ended October 31,
 
    October 31, 2011    
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
 
Product revenue
  $ 456,627     $ 27,415     $ 36,083     $ 86,892     $ 42,981  
Cost of sales
    303,319       10,500       8,957       45,104       10,745  
Net product revenue
    153,308       16,915       27,126       41,788       32,236  
Government grant revenue
    78,244       78,244       -       78,244       -  
Total net revenue
    231,552       95,159       27,126       120,032       32,236  
                                         
Operating expenses
                                       
Selling, general, and administrative
    44,279,060       1,660,810       1,511,214       3,461,799       3,394,282  
Research and development
    20,753,212       488,577       572,649       1,140,538       1,717,892  
Loss on impairment of long-lived assets
    334,157       -       -       -       -  
Total operating expenses
    65,366,429       2,149,387       2,083,863       4,602,337       5,112,174  
                                         
Net operating loss
    65,134,877       2,054,228       2,056,737       4,482,305       5,079,938  
                                         
Interest expense
    33,619,075       871,768       5,383       1,307,566       6,589  
Loss on extinguishment of debt
    250,097       -       -       -       -  
Other (income) expense
    (1,289,183 )     3,927       (10,183 )     9,121       (32,291 )
Net loss
  $ 97,714,866     $ 2,929,923     $ 2,051,937     $ 5,798,992     $ 5,054,236  
                                         
Net loss per share, basic
          $ (0.12 )   $ (0.09 )   $ (0.25 )   $ (0.22 )
                                         
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic
            23,805,323       23,387,979       23,604,502       23,301,844  
                                         
Net loss per share,  diluted
          $ (0.29 )   $ (0.09 )   $ (0.42 )   $ (0.22 )
                                         
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding,  diluted
            25,980,214       23,387,979       25,081,668       23,301,844  
   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Financial Statements.

 
4

 
 
 OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
(a development stage enterprise)
 
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
    Period from May 26, 1967 (Inception) to    
Six months ended October 31,
 
   
October 31, 2011
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
                 
Net Loss
  $ (97,714,866 )   $ (5,798,992 )   $ (5,054,236 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    1,982,995       118,864       190,738  
Amortization of deferred compensation
    336,750       -       -  
Interest on debt instruments
    33,214,178       1,295,541       -  
Loss (gain) on debt settlement and extinguishment
    163,097       -       6,588  
Loss on impairment, disposal and write down of long-lived assets
    670,326       2,671       -  
Issuance and vesting of compensatory stock options and warrants
    8,276,193       50,905       92,124  
Issuance of common stock below market value
    695,248       -       -  
Issuance of common stock as compensation
    606,339       51,338       53,250  
Issuance of common stock for services rendered
    1,265,279       -       -  
Issuance of note payable for services rendered
    120,000       -       -  
Contributions of capital through services rendered by stockholders
    216,851       -       -  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
                       
Accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets
    (890,193 )     (171,416 )     153,977  
Inventory
    218,397       (19,629 )     52,364  
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    2,233,766       (112,736 )     115,399  
Net cash used in operating activities
    (48,605,640 )     (4,583,454 )     (4,389,796 )
                         
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
                       
Purchase of property and equipment
    (1,752,960 )     (8,869 )     (138,798 )
Capitalization of patent costs and license rights
    (1,666,945 )     (152,606 )     (118,504 )
Net cash used in investing activities
    (3,419,905 )     (161,475 )     (257,302 )
                         
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
                       
Proceeds from sale of common stock and exercise of stock options and warrants, net of related expenses and payments
    36,363,844       619,181       4,901,400  
Repurchase of outstanding warrants
    (2,836,520 )     -       -  
Proceeds from stockholder notes payable
    977,692       -       -  
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable, net of issuance costs
    7,380,829       700,000       -  
Proceeds from convertible notes, net of issuance costs
    13,321,447       4,514,161       -  
Payments on notes - short-term
    (1,177,490 )     (36,100 )     (49,841 )
Net cash provided by financing activities
    54,029,802       5,797,242       4,851,559  
                         
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
    2,004,257       1,052,313       204,461  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    -       951,944       632,706  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $ 2,004,257     $ 2,004,257     $ 837,167  
                         
Cash paid for:
                       
Interest
  $ 262,631     $ 12,025     $ 863  
Income taxes
  $ 27,528     $ -     $ -  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
 
 
5

 
 
  OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
(a development stage enterprise)
 
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS, Continued
 
Non-cash financing activities during the six months ended October 31, 2011:
 
(1)  
 The Company issued 7,333 shares of common stock for the cashless exercise of 40,000 stock options with an exercise price of $1.96.
 
(2)  
The Company issued 78,197 shares of restricted common stock for the payment of interest accrued on convertible notes. The shares were issued at a conversion price of $2.255 for the payment of $176,333 interest payable on convertible notes with a gross carrying value of $4,600,000.
 
Non-cash financing activities during the six months ended October 31, 2010:
 
(1)  
The Company issued 2,350 shares of common stock for the conversion of notes payable with a gross carrying value of $8,707 at a conversion price of $3.705 per share. The notes included a discount totaling $5,206 that was recognized as interest expense upon conversion.
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
 
 
6

 

OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
(a development stage enterprise)
 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

 
NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
 
Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) was originally formed as a New Jersey corporation in 1967 under the name Rudmer, David & Associates, Inc., and subsequently changed its name to Synthetic Blood International, Inc. On June 17, 2008, the stockholders of Synthetic Blood International approved the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated April 28, 2008, between Synthetic Blood International and Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation. Oxygen Biotherapeutics was formed on April 17, 2008, by Synthetic Blood International to participate in the merger for the purpose of changing the state of domicile of Synthetic Blood International from New Jersey to Delaware. Certificates of Merger were filed with the states of New Jersey and Delaware and the merger was effective June 30, 2008. Under the Plan of Merger, Oxygen Biotherapeutics is the surviving corporation and each share of Synthetic Blood International common stock outstanding on June 30, 2008 was converted to one share of Oxygen Biotherapeutics common stock.
 
Going Concern
 
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. The Company has an accumulated deficit during the development stage of $97.7 million and $91.9 million at October 31, 2011 and April 30, 2011, respectively, and stockholders’ deficit of $(3,725,757) and $(3,724,523) as of October 31, 2011 and April 30, 2011, respectively. The Company requires substantial additional funds to complete clinical trials and pursue regulatory approvals. Management is actively seeking additional sources of equity and/or debt financing; however, there is no assurance that any additional funding will be available.
 
In view of the matters described above, recoverability of a major portion of the recorded asset amounts shown in the accompanying October 31, 2011 balance sheet is dependent upon continued operations of the Company, which in turn is dependent upon the Company’s ability to meet its financing requirements on a continuing basis, to maintain present financing, and to generate cash from future operations. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in existence.
 
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The Company has prepared the accompanying interim financial statements in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these financial statements and accompanying notes do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that management believes are necessary for the fair statement of the balances and results for the periods presented. These interim financial statement results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year or any future interim period.
 
Reclassification
 
For comparability purposes, certain figures for prior periods have been reclassified, where appropriate, to conform to the financial statement presentation used in fiscal year 2012. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported net loss.
 
 
7

 
 
Derivative financial instruments
 
The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market or foreign currency risk. Terms of convertible promissory note instruments are reviewed to determine whether or not they contain embedded derivative instruments that are required under FASB ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”) to be accounted for separately from the host contract, and recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. The fair value of derivative liabilities, if any, is required to be revalued at each reporting date, with corresponding changes in fair value recorded in current period operating results.
 
Freestanding warrants issued by the Company in connection with the issuance or sale of debt and equity instruments are considered to be derivative instruments, and are evaluated and accounted for in accordance with the provisions of ASC 815. Pursuant to ASC 815, an evaluation of specifically identified conditions is made to determine whether the fair value of warrants issued is required to be classified as equity or as a derivative liability.
 
Beneficial conversion and warrant valuation
 
In accordance with FASB ASC 470-20, “Debt with Conversion and Other Options” the Company records a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”) related to the issuance of convertible debt that have conversion features at fixed rates that are in-the-money when issued and the fair value of warrants issued in connection with those instruments. The BCF for the convertible instruments is recognized and measured by allocating a portion of the proceeds to warrants, based on their relative fair value, and as a reduction to the carrying amount of the convertible debt equal to the intrinsic value of the conversion feature. The discount recorded in connection with the BCF and warrant valuation is recognized as non-cash interest expense and is being amortized over the life of the convertible note.
 
Fair Value Measurements
 
The Company's balance sheet includes the following financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term notes payable and convertible debentures. The Company considers the carrying amount of its cash and cash equivalents and short-term notes payable to approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. It is not practicable for the Company to estimate the fair value of its convertible debentures as such estimates cannot be made without incurring excessive costs, but management believes the difference between fair value and carrying value to not be material. The significant terms of the Company's convertible debentures are described in Note 5. At October 31, 2011 the debentures had a gross carrying value of $4.9 million with unamortized discounts totaling approximately $4.4 million.
 
Net Loss per Share
 
Basic loss per share, which excludes antidilutive securities, is computed by dividing loss available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for that particular period. In contrast, diluted loss per share considers the potential dilution that could occur from other equity instruments that would increase the total number of outstanding shares of common stock. Such amounts include shares potentially issuable under outstanding options, warrants and convertible debentures. A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share follows.
 
   
Three months ended October 31,
   
Six months ended October 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
Historical net loss per share:
                       
Numerator
                       
Net loss, as reported
  $ (2,929,923 )   $ (2,051,937 )   $ (5,798,992 )   $ (5,054,236 )
Less: Effect of amortization of interest expense on convertible notes
    (4,637,024 )     -       (4,637,024 )     -  
                                 
Net loss attributed to common stockholders (diluted)
    (7,566,947 )     (2,051,937 )     (10,436,016 )     (5,054,236 )
Denominator
                               
Weighted-average common shares outstanding
    23,805,323       23,387,979       23,604,502       23,301,844  
 Effect of dilutive securities
    2,174,891       -       1,477,166       -  
                                 
Denominator for diluted net loss per share
    25,980,214       23,387,979       25,081,668       23,301,844  
                                 
Basic net loss per share
  $ (0.12 )   $ (0.09 )   $ (0.25 )   $ (0.22 )
                                 
Diluted net loss per share
  $ (0.29 )   $ (0.09 )   $ (0.42 )   $ (0.22 )
 
 
8

 
 
The following outstanding options, convertible note shares and warrants were excluded from the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

   
Six months ended October 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Options to purchase common stock
    721,015       976,233  
Convertible note shares outstanding
    -       1,942  
Warrants to purchase common stock
    4,983,855       4,199,466  
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
On May 1, 2011, the Company adopted ASU 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820). The guidance requires the disclosure of roll forward activities on purchases, sales, issuance, and settlements of the assets and liabilities measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 fair value measurements). The adoption of ASU 2011-04 did not have a material impact on its financial statements.
 
On May 1, 2011, the Company adopted ASU 2010-17, Revenue Recognition—Milestone Method (Topic 605). The guidance establishes a revenue recognition model for contingent consideration that is payable upon the achievement of an uncertain future event, referred to as a milestone. The scope of the ASU is limited to research or development arrangements and requires an entity to record the milestone payment in its entirety in the period received if the milestone meets all the necessary criteria to be considered substantive. The adoption of ASU 2010-17 did not have a material impact on its financial statements.
 
NOTE 3. BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS
 
Inventory
 
The Company operates in an industry characterized by rapid improvements and changes to its technology and products. The introduction of new products by the Company or its competitors can result in its inventory being rendered obsolete or it being required to sell items at a discount. The Company evaluates the recoverability of its inventory by reference to its internal estimates of future demands and product life cycles. If the Company incorrectly forecasts demand for its products or inadequately manages the introduction of new product lines, the Company could materially impact its financial statements by having excess inventory on hand. The Company's future estimates are subjective and actual results may vary. During the three months ended October 31, 2011, the Company reclassified approximately $90,000 of Perfluorocarbon raw material out of raw materials inventory into other current assets as it continues its reformulation of the Dermacyte cosmetic line.
 
Inventories are recorded at cost using the First-In-First-Out ("FIFO") method. Ending inventories are comprised of raw materials and direct costs of manufacturing and are valued at the lower of cost or market. Inventories consisted of the following as of October 31, 2011 and April 30, 2011:
 
   
October 31, 2011
   
April 30, 2011
 
Raw materials
  $ 25,855     $ 107,271  
Work in process
    -       124,308  
Finished goods
    69,865       25,803  
    $ 95,720     $ 257,382  

Other current assets
 
Other current assets consist of the following as of October 31, 2011 and April 30, 2011:
 
   
October 31, 2011
   
April 30, 2011
 
   R&D materials
  $ 145,714     $ -  
   Dermacyte samples
    53,957       1,052  
   Other
    83,609       7,090  
    $ 283,280     $ 8,142  
 
 
9

 
 
Property and equipment, net
 
Property and equipment consist of the following as of October 31, 2011 and April 30, 2011:
 
   
October 31, 2011
   
April 30, 2011
 
Laboratory equipment
  $ 961,078     $ 970,463  
Office furniture and fixtures
    140,255       140,255  
Computer equipment and software
    152,024       153,234  
Leasehold improvements
    4,810       4,810  
      1,258,167       1,268,762  
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
    (907,097 )     (826,176 )
    $ 351,070     $ 442,586  
 
Depreciation and amortization expense was approximately $50,000   and $40,000 for the three months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and approximately $100,000   and $80,000 for the six months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Other assets
 
Other assets consist of the following as of October 31, 2011 and April 30, 2011:
 
   
October 31, 2011
   
April 30, 2011
 
Reimbursable patent expenses- Glucometrics
  $ 88,087     $ 82,522  
Prepaid royalty fee
    50,000       50,000  
Other
    11,565       15,086  
    $ 149,652     $ 147,608  

Accrued liabilities
 
Accrued liabilities consist of the following as of October 31, 2011 and April 30, 2011:
 
   
October 31, 2011
   
April 30, 2011
 
Section 409A tax liability
  $ 532,350     $ 532,350  
Deferred government grant revenue
    310,000       -  
Employee related
    303,237       493,640  
Legal
    27,248       -  
Clinical trial related
    41,908       150,000  
Other
    92,460       74,583  
    $ 1,307,203     $ 1,250,573  
   
 
10

 
 
NOTE 4. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 
The following table summarizes the Company's intangible assets as of October 31, 2011:
 
Asset Category
 
Value Assigned
   
Weighted Average Amortization Period (in Years)
   
Impairments
   
Accumulated Amortization
   
Carrying Value (Net of Impairments and Accumulated Amortization)
 
                               
Patents
  $ 471,918       11.4     $ -     $ (223,221 )   $ 248,697  
License Rights
    523,970       17.1       -       (76,164 )     447,806  
Trademarks
    134,904       N/A       -       -       134,904  
                                         
Total
  $ 1,130,792             $ -     $ (299,385 )   $ 831,407  
 
The following table summarizes the Company's intangible assets as of April 30, 2011:
 
Asset Category
 
Value Assigned
   
Weighted Average Amortization Period (in Years)
   
Impairments
   
Accumulated Amortization
   
Carrying Value (Net of Impairments and Accumulated Amortization)
 
                               
Patents
  $ 566,564       10.1     $ (202,934 )   $ (214,840 )   $ 148,790  
License Rights
    558,532       17.6       (68,602 )     (63,395 )     426,535  
Trademarks
    155,134       N/A       (30,508 )     -       124,626  
                                         
Total
  $ 1,280,230             $ (302,044 )   $ (278,235 )   $ 699,951  
 
For the three months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010, the aggregate amortization expense on the above intangibles was approximately $10,000 and $15,000, respectively.
 
For the six months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010, the aggregate amortization expense on the above intangibles was approximately $21,000 and $108,000, respectively.
 
Patents and License Rights— The Company currently holds, has filed for, or owns exclusive rights to, US and worldwide patents covering 13 various methods and uses of its PFC technology. It capitalizes amounts paid to third parties for legal fees, application fees and other direct costs incurred in the filing and prosecution of its patent applications. These capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line method over their useful life or legal life, whichever is shorter.
 
Trademarks —The Company currently holds, or has filed for, trademarks to protect the use of names and descriptions of its products and technology. It capitalizes amounts paid to third parties for legal fees, application fees and other direct costs incurred in the filing and prosecution of its trademark applications. These trademarks are evaluated annually in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and other . The Company evaluates (i) its expected use of the underlying asset, (ii) any laws, regulations, or contracts that may limit the useful life, (iii) the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, and stability of the industry, and (iv) the level of costs to be incurred to commercialize the underlying asset.
 
 
11

 

NOTE 5. NOTES PAYABLE
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding notes payable as of October 31, 2011 and April 30, 2011:
 
   
October 31, 2011
   
April 30, 2011
 
             
Current portion of notes payable
  $ -     $ 36,100  
Current portion of convertible notes payable
    7,195       7,195  
Current portion of notes payable, net
  $ 7,195     $ 43,295  
                 
Long-term portion of notes payable
  $ 8,001,600     $ 6,881,600  
Less: Unaccreted premium
    (2,367,574 )     (2,417,965 )
      5,634,026       4,463,635  
                 
                 
Long-term portion of convertible notes payable
  $ 4,900,001     $ -  
Less: Unamortized discount
    (4,355,557 )     -  
      544,444       -  
                 
Long-term portion of notes payable, net
  $ 6,178,470     $ 4,463,635  
 
Note Purchase Agreement
 
On October 12, 2010 the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with Vatea Fund whereby it agreed to issue and sell to Vatea Fund an aggregate of $5,000,000 of senior unsecured promissory notes (the “Vatea Notes”) on or before December 31, 2010.  The Vatea Notes will mature on October 31, 2013, unless the holders of a majority of the Vatea Notes consent in writing to a later maturity date.  Interest does not accrue on the outstanding principal balance of the Vatea Notes (other than following the maturity date or earlier acceleration).  Instead, on the maturity date, the Company must pay the holders of the Vatea Notes a final payment premium aggregating $3,000,000, in addition to the principal balance then otherwise outstanding under the Vatea Notes.  The Vatea Notes provide that the Company has the option, at its sole discretion and without penalty, to prepay the outstanding balance under the Vatea Notes plus the amount of the final payment premium prior to the maturity date.  In addition, the holders of majority of the Vatea Notes may request that the Company prepay the Vatea Notes in an amount equal to the proceeds of any subsequent closings under the Securities Purchase Agreement with Vatea Fund, dated June 8, 2009, and subsequently amended. The following table summarizes the activity under the Note Purchase Agreement during the six months ended October 31, 2011.
 
Date issued
 
Note principal
   
Accumulated Accretion
   
Unaccreted premium
   
Effective interest rate
 
Balance at April 30, 2011
  $ 4,301,000     $ 568,360     $ 2,012,240       17.17 %
                                 
May 9, 2011
    400,000       37,959       202,041       18.83 %
May 20, 2011
    100,000       8,996       51,004       19.06 %
May 23, 2011
    200,000       17,711       102,289       19.12 %
                                 
    $ 5,001,000     $ 633,026     $ 2,367,574          
 
Interest accreted on these notes was $243,146 and $0 for the three months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Interest accreted on these notes was $470,391 and $0 for the six months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
 
12

 
 
Convertible Note

On June 16, 2011, the Company entered into a Convertible Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement with an institutional investor pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Purchaser in a private placement a subordinated convertible promissory note (the "Note") with a principal amount of $4.6 million and warrants (the "Warrants") to purchase 2,039,911 shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.0001.  On June 29, 2011, the Company increased the offering by approximately $0.3 million and additional warrants to purchase 133,038 shares of common stock; for a total offering size of approximately $4.9 million (the "Offering") and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,172,949 shares of common stock.
 
Interest on the Notes accrues at a rate of 15% annually and will be paid in quarterly installments commencing on the third month anniversary of issuance. The Notes will mature 36 months from the date of issuance. The Note may be converted into shares of common stock at a conversion price of $2.255 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits, dividends and combinations, recapitalizations and the like) (the "Conversion Price") at any time, in whole or in part, at any time at the option of the holders of the Notes. The Notes also will automatically convert into shares of common stock at the Conversion Price at the election of a majority-in-interest of the holders of notes issued under the purchase agreement or upon the acquisition or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company. The Company may make each applicable interest payment or payment of principal in cash, shares of common stock at the Conversion Price, or any combination thereof. The Company may elect to prepay all or any portion of the Note without prepayment penalties only with the approval of a majority-in-interest of the note holders under the Purchase Agreement at the time of the election.   The Notes contain various events of default such as failing to timely make any payment under the Note when due, which may result in all outstanding obligations under the Note becoming immediately due and payable.  The Warrants were issued in three approximately equal tranches, with exercise prices of $2.15, $2.60 and $2.85, respectively, per share of common stock (in each case subject to adjustment for stock splits, dividends and combinations, recapitalizations and the like). The Warrants are exercisable on or after the date of issuance and expire on the earlier to occur of the five year anniversary of the date of issuance or an acquisition or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company. The exercise prices of shares of common stock underlying the Warrants are subject to adjustment in the event of future issuances of common stock or equivalents by the Company at a price less than the applicable exercise price, but in no event shall a Warrant exercise price be adjusted to less than $2.255 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits, dividends and combinations, recapitalizations and the like) of common stock.
 
On June 29, 2011, the Company issued a Note with a principal amount of approximately $300,000 and Warrants to purchase 133,038 shares of common stock. On July 1, 2011, the Company issued a separate Note with a principal amount of $4,600,000 and Warrants to purchase 2,039,911 shares of common stock. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the Offering were approximately $4.9 million, excluding any proceeds from the exercise of any Warrants. The aggregate placement agent fees were $297,000 and legal fees associated with the offering were $88,839.  These costs have been capitalized as debt issue costs and will be amortized as interest expense over the life of the Note. The total value allocated to the warrants was approximately $1,960,497 and was recorded as a debt discount against the proceeds of the notes.  In addition, the beneficial conversion features related to the notes were determined to be approximately $2,939,504.  As a result, the aggregate discount on the notes totaled $4.9 million, and is being amortized over term of the notes.  
 
The Company recorded interest expense of $628,569 and $836,648 for the three and six months ended October 31, 2011, respectively. These amounts include amortization of the associated debt issue costs of $32,154 and $42,872 and amortization of the debt discount of $408,333 and $544,444 for the three and six months ended October 31, 2011, respectively.
 
NOTE 6. SEGMENT REPORTING
 
In the Company’s operation of its business, management, including its chief operating decision maker, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, reviews certain financial information, including segmented internal profit and loss statements prepared on a basis not consistent with GAAP.
 
The Company operates in a single market consisting of the design, development, marketing, sales and support of its Dermacyte® cosmetic segment. The Company's commercial revenues are derived from sales of the Dermacyte line of topical cosmetic products in the United States, Latin America and Europe. The Company does not engage in intercompany revenue transfers between segments.
 
 
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The Company's management evaluates performance based primarily on revenues in the geographic locations in which the Company operates. Segment profit or loss for each segment includes certain sales and marketing expenses directly attributable to the segment and excludes certain expenses that are managed outside the reportable segments.
 
Costs that are identifiable are allocated to the segments that benefit.  Allocated costs may include those relating to development and marketing of products and services from which multiple segments benefit, or those costs relating to services performed by one segment on behalf of other segments. Each allocation is measured differently based on the specific facts and circumstances of the costs being allocated. Certain other corporate-level activity is not allocated to the Company’s segments, including costs of: human resources; legal; finance; information technology; corporate development and procurement activities; research and development; and employee severance.
 
The Company has recast certain prior period amounts within this note to conform to the way it internally managed and monitored segment performance during the current fiscal year.
 
Net revenues and segment profit, classified by the Company's reportable segments are as follows:
 
   
For the three months ending October 31,
   
For the six months ending October 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
Product revenue
                       
United States
  $ 27,415     $ 36,083     $ 60,892     $ 42,981  
Latin America
    -       -       26,000       -  
Europe
    -       -       -       -  
Total product revenue
  $ 27,415     $ 36,083     $ 86,892     $ 42,981  
                                 
                                 
Segment loss (income)
                               
 United States
  $ 117,120     $ 133,077     $ 332,165     $ 233,043  
 Latin America
    -       -       (10,585 )     -  
 Europe
    -       -       -       -  
 Unallocated revenues
                               
 Government grant revenue
    (78,244 )     -       (78,244 )     -  
 Unallocated expenses
                               
 General  and administrative
    1,526,775       1,351,011       3,098,431       3,129,003  
 Research and development
    488,577       572,649       1,140,538       1,717,892  
 Net interest and other expense (income)
    875,695       (4,800 )     1,316,687       (25,702 )
 Net loss
  $ 2,929,923     $ 2,051,937     $ 5,798,992     $ 5,054,236  
 
Assets are not allocated to segments for internal reporting presentations. A portion of amortization and depreciation may be included with various other costs in an overhead allocation to each segment and it is impracticable for the Company to separately identify the amount of amortization and depreciation by segment that is included in the measure of segment profit or loss.
 
NOTE 7. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
Operating Leases— The Company leases its laboratory space under an operating lease that includes fixed annual increases and expires in July 2015. The Company leases its office space under an operating lease that includes fixed annual increases and expires in February 2016. Total rent expense was $147,322 and $164,859 for the six months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Agreement with Virginia Commonwealth University In May 2008 the Company entered into a license agreement with Virginia Commonwealth University ("Licensor", "VCU") whereby it obtained a worldwide, exclusive license to valid claims under three of the Licensor's patent applications that relate to methods for non-pulmonary delivery of oxygen to tissue and the products based on those valid claims used or useful for therapeutic and diagnostic applications in humans and animals. The license includes the right to sub-license to third parties. The term of the agreement is the life of the patents covered by the patent applications unless the Company elects to terminate the agreement prior to patent expiration.
 
 
14

 
 
The agreement also requires the Company to pay royalties to VCU at specified rates based on annual net sales derived from the licensed technology. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company must make minimum annual royalty payments to VCU totaling $70,000 as long as the agreement is in force. These payments are fully creditable against royalty payments due for sales and sublicense revenue earned during the fiscal year as described above. This fee is recorded as an other current asset and is amortized over the fiscal year.  Amortization expense was $35,000 for the six months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010.
 
Exfluor Manufacturing Agreement The Company entered into a Supply Agreement with Exfluor for the manufacturing and supply of FtBu. Under the terms of the Agreement, Exfluor is to supply FtBu exclusively to the Company, and no other party. The fee for this exclusivity is a non-refundable, non-creditable fee of $25,000 each quarter for the term of the Agreement. The term of the Agreement is three years, beginning from January 1, 2010.  The process of manufacturing FtBu is a trade secret owned by Exfluor. Therefore, the Agreement also contains a provision requiring Exfluor to maintain documentation of the entire manufacturing process in an Escrow Account, to be released to the Company only upon the occurrence of a triggering event, which includes dissolution, acquisition by another company who is not a successor, bankruptcy or creditors take action to secure rights against the manufacturing technology to satisfy a financial obligation.
 
Litigation The Company is subject to litigation in the normal course of business, none of which management believes will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements.
 
On August 30, 2011, Tenor Opportunity Master Fund Ltd., Aria Opportunity Fund, Ltd., and Parsoon Opportunity Fund, Ltd (collectively, “Tenor”) filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging that a right of first offer held by Tenor was breached in connection with the Company’s June 2011 financing. The complaint seeks compensatory damages, attorneys’ fees and costs. The Company filed an Answer to the Complaint on October 4, 2011 and pre-trial discovery is currently underway. The Company believes the facts do not support a finding in their favor and, accordingly, has not accrued for any amounts for a contingent liability related to this claim as of October 31, 2011.
 
Registration Requirement— During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2008, the Company issued warrants as part of a convertible note offering.  These warrants were issued with a requirement that the Company file a registration statement with the SEC to register the underlying shares, and that it be declared effective on or before January 9, 2009. In the event that the Company does not have an effective registration statement as of that date, or if at some future date the registration ceases to be effective, then the Company is obligated to pay liquidated damages to each holder in the amount of 1% of the aggregate market value of the stock, as measured on January 9, 2009 or at the date the registration statement ceases to be effective. As an additional remedy for non-registration of the shares, the holders would also receive the option of a cashless exercise of their warrant or conversion shares. As of October 31, 2011, approximately 76,975 of these warrants are subject to the registration requirement.
 
ASC 825-20, Financial Instruments , Registration Payment Arrangements , provides guidance to proper recognition, measurement, and classification of certain freestanding financial instruments that are indexed to, and potentially settled in, any entity's own stock. ASC 825-20-25 specifies that the contingent obligation to make future payments or otherwise transfer consideration under a registration payment arrangement, whether issued as a separate agreement or included as a provision of a financial instrument or other agreement, should be separately recognized and measured in accordance with ASC 450, Accounting for Contingencies . The Company has accounted for these warrants as equity instruments in the accompanying financial statements. The Company does not believe the registration payments are probable, and as such, has not recorded any amounts with respect to the separately measured registration rights agreement.
 
Contingent Liabilities Related to Internal Revenue Code Section 409A In November, 2010, management conducted an independent review of certain option grants made by the Company between February 1998 and April 2009. This voluntary review was not in response to any governmental investigation. During the course of the Company’s review, management identified certain options granted in prior years that may have been non-compliant with Section 409A (“Section 409A”) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”), including options granted with an exercise price below fair market value on the date of grant and options that were modified such that they may have become non-compliant with Section 409A.
 
 
15

 
 
In February 2011, after management conducted a preliminary, limited scope review of certain of the Company’s stock option granting practices, the Audit Committee commenced a voluntary, independent investigation of the Company’s historical stock option granting practices and related accounting during the period from February 1998 through April 2009. The Company’s outside legal counsel assisted the Audit Committee in this investigation. As of October 31, 2011, none of the Company’s current officers or directors has exercised any of the potentially non-compliant options. The primary adverse tax consequence of Section 409A non-compliance is that the holders of non-compliant options are taxed on the value of such options as they vest, and annually thereafter until they are exercised. In addition to ordinary income taxes, holders of non-compliant options are subject to a 20% penalty tax under Section 409A (and, as applicable, similar excise taxes under state laws). Because virtually all holders of stock options granted by the Company were not involved in or aware that the pricing and/or modification of their options raised these issues, the Company intends to take actions to address certain of the adverse tax consequences that may apply to these holders. In addition, on March 17, 2011 the Company entered into indemnification agreements with its executive officers that indemnify those officers from potential Section 409A tax liabilities arising from their prior option awards,
 
In addition to adverse consequences for option holders, the Company has determined that certain payroll taxes, interest and penalties may apply to the Company under various sections of the IRC (and, as applicable similar state and foreign tax statutes) related to the potential Section 409A non-compliance.  As of October 31, 2011, the Company has accrued approximately $550,000, which represents the Company’s best estimate of the potential liability, in other current liabilities for the contingent liability. The Company’s investigation of the matter is still on-going and there exists the possibility of adverse outcomes that the Company estimates could reach approximately $500,000 beyond its recorded amount.
 
NOTE 8. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
During the six months ended October 31, 2011:
 
(1)  
The Company received $4,401,400 (net of closing costs) from the issuance of 1,724,138 shares of common stock as part of the registered direct offering in May 2010.
(2)  
The Company recorded $22,398 for the fair value of restricted stock grants issued to nonemployee directors.
(3)  
The Company issued 7,333 shares of common stock from the cashless exercise of 40,000 stock options.
(4)  
The Company issued 366,379 shares of common stock from the exercise of warrants. The shares were issued at an exercise price of $1.69 for a payment of $619,181.
(5)  
As further discussed below, the company recorded $50,905 for the computed fair value of options issued to employees, nonemployee directors, and consultants.
(6)  
The Company issued 78,197 shares of common stock for the payment of interest accrued on convertible notes. The shares were issued at a conversion price of $2.255 for the payment of $176,333 interest payable on convertible notes with a gross carrying value of $4,600,000.
(7)  
As further discussed in note 5 above, the Company recorded $1,960,497 for the computed fair value of 2,172,949 warrants issued with convertible notes issued on June 29, 2011 and July 1, 2011.  In addition, the Company recorded $2,939,504 for the computed beneficial conversion features for the intrinsic value of the notes at the commitment date. The total value allocated to the warrants and beneficial conversion features was approximately $4.9 million and was recorded as additional paid in capital.
 
During the six months ended October 31, 2010:
 
(1)  
The Company received $4,401,400 (net of closing costs) from the issuance of 1,724,138 shares of common stock as part of the registered direct offering (the "Offering") described below.
(2)  
The Company received $500,000 (net of closing costs), from the issuance of 133,334 shares of restricted common stock in accordance with the Securities Purchase Agreement with Vatea Fund. An additional 53,334 shares of common stock were issued as compensation for services provided in closing the Securities Purchase Agreement.
(3)  
The Company issued 2,018 shares of common stock from the cashless exercise of 6,333 stock options.
(4)  
The Company issued 2,350 shares of common stock for the conversion of notes payable with a gross carrying value of $8,707, at a conversion price of $3.705 per share. These notes included a discount totaling $868, and thus had a net carrying value of $7,839. The unamortized discount of $868 was recognized as interest expense upon conversion. The remaining unamortized discount of $4,859 was also recognized as interest expense.
(5)  
The Company issued 17,782 shares of its common stock as compensation. These shares had a fair value at the grant date of $53,250.
(6)  
The company recorded $91,931 for the computed fair value of options issued to employees, nonemployee directors, and consultants.
 
 
16

 
 
Warrants
 
On June 29 and July 1, 2011, the Company issued 133,038 and 2,039,911, respectively, warrants to purchase restricted common stock as part of the Offering further described in Note 5 above.
 
On August 2, 2011, the Company received $619,181 and issued 366,379 shares of common stock for the exercise of certain outstanding warrants. The warrants were issued in May 2010 and had an exercise price of $1.69, as adjusted for anti-dilution provisions triggered by the Offering further described in Note 5 above.
 
The following table summarizes its warrant activity for the six months ended October 31, 2011:
 
   
Warrants
   
Weighted Average Exercise Price
 
Outstanding at April 30, 2011
    3,581,347     $ 3.90  
Granted
    2,172,949       2.53  
Exercised
    (366,379 )     1.69  
Forfeited
    (636,144 )     3.68  
Other
    232,082   (1)   2.15  (1)
Outstanding at October 31, 2011
    4,983,855     $ 2.82  (2)
 
(1)  
The Company has a class of warrants outstanding that contain an anti-dilution clause requiring a repricing in the event of a capital raise whereby the equity shares sold were priced below the exercise price of the outstanding warrants. Subsequent to the convertible note issuance in June 2011, the repricing of these warrants resulted in an increase of 232,082 potentially issuable shares. The exercise price of these warrants was $2.90 prior to the issuance.
 
(2)  
The Company has a class of warrants outstanding that contain a price protection clause requiring a repricing in the event of a capital raise whereby the equity shares sold were priced below the exercise price of the outstanding warrants. Subsequent to the convertible note issuance in June 2011, resulted in repricing these warrants to $2.15. The exercise price of these warrants was $5.32 prior to the issuance.
 
1999 Amended Stock Plan
 
In October 2000, the Company adopted the 1999 Stock Plan (the "Plan"), as amended and restated on June 17, 2008. Under the Plan, with the approval of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, the Company may grant stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights and new shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options. On September 30, 2011, the Company’s shareholders approved amendment 1 to the Plan which increased the amount of shares authorized for issuance under the Plan to 6,000,000, up from 800,000 previously authorized. Stock options granted under the Plan may be either incentive stock options ("ISOs"), or nonqualified stock options ("NSOs"). ISOs may be granted only to employees. NSOs may be granted to employees, consultants and directors. Stock options under the Plan may be granted with a term of up to ten years and at prices no less than fair market value for ISOs and no less than 85% of the fair market value for NSOs. To date, stock options granted generally vest over one to three years and vest at a rate of 34% upon the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and 33% on each anniversary thereafter. As of October 31, 2011 the Company had 5,462,484 shares of common stock available for grant under the Plan.
 
Plan Stock Options and Restricted Stock
 
Stock option and restricted stock activity under the Plan for the six months ended October 31, 2011 is as follows:
 
 
17

 
 
         
Outstanding Options
 
   
Shares Available for Grant
   
Number of Shares
   
Weighted Average Exercise Price
 
Balances, at April 30, 2011
    243,832       515,071     $ 4.54  
Options granted
    (43,000 )     43,000     $ 2.03  
Options cancelled
    3,556       (3,556 )   $ 5.81  
Restricted stock granted
    (132,900 )                
Restricted stock cancelled
    7,322                  
                         
Balances, at July 31, 2011
    78,810       554,515     $ 4.33  
Additional shares reserved
    5,200,000                  
Options granted
    (2,500 )     2,500     $ 2.50  
Options exercised
            (7,333 )   $ 1.96  
Options cancelled
    95,334       (95,334 )   $ 3.62  
Restricted stock granted
    (35,412 )                
Restricted stock cancelled
    126,252                  
                         
Balances, at October 31, 2011
    5,462,484       454,348     $ 4.51  
 
The following table summarizes the grant date fair value stock-based compensation expense for stock options and the restricted stock issued during the six months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively:
 
   
For the the six months ended October 31
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
             
Research and development
  $ 63,532     $ 19,428  
Marketing and sales
    2,174       -  
General and administrative
    2,024       47,566  
    $ 67,730     $ 66,994  
 
The Company used the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of options granted under its stock option plans for the six months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010:
 
   
For the the six months ended October 31
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
             
Risk-free interest rate (weighted average)
    2.38 %     1.83 %
Expected volatility (weighted average)
    78.47 %     86.44 %
Expected term (in years)
    7       6  
Expected dividend yield
    0.00 %     0.00 %
 
Risk-Free Interest Rate
The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on U.S. Treasury instruments with a term that is consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options.
Expected Volatility
The expected stock price volatility for the Company’s common stock was determined by examining the historical volatility and trading history for its common stock over a term consistent with the expected term of its options.
Expected Term
The expected term of stock options represents the weighted average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. It was calculated based on the historical experience that the Company has had with its stock option grants.
Expected Dividend Yield
The expected dividend yield of 0% is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company has not paid and does not anticipate paying any dividends in the near future.
Forfeitures
Stock compensation expense recognized in the statements of operations for the six months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010 is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. ASC 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on the Company’s historical experience.
 
 
18

 
 
As of October 31, 2011, there were unrecognized compensation costs of approximately $19,500 related to non-vested stock option awards granted after May 1, 2004 that will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the weighted average remaining vesting period of 1.03 years.
 
Restricted Stock Grants
 
Pursuant to certain officer employment contracts, on May 19, 2011, the CEO was granted 100,000 shares of restricted common stock, vesting quarterly over a three-year period and 16,800 shares of restricted common stock vesting monthly over a 12-month period. The Chief Financial Officer was granted 8,600 shares of restricted common stock vesting over a 12-month period, of which 3,600 shares will only vest so long as he continues serving as the Company's Corporate Secretary. The Chief Medical Officer was granted 7,500 shares of restricted common stock, vesting monthly over a 12-month period.
 
For the six months ended October 31, 2011, the Company recorded $84,748 as compensation expense for these restricted stock grants.
 
Pursuant to certain Board of Directors compensation agreements, on June 24, 2011, the Board Members were granted 31,812 shares of restricted common stock, vesting annually over a three-year period and 19,076 shares of restricted common stock granted on September 30, 2011, vesting quarterly over a one-year period.
 
For the six months ended October 31, 2011, the Company recorded $22,398 as compensation expense for these restricted stock grants.
 
As of October 31, 2011, there were unrecognized compensation costs of approximately $75,800 related to the non-vested restricted stock grants that will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining vesting period.
 
Other Stock Options
 
In the past, the Company issued options outside the 1999 Amended Stock Plan. These options were granted with an exercise price of $3.68, and a 10 year term. As of October 31, 2011, there were 266,667 non-qualified options outstanding.
 
NOTE 9. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
 
Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement
 
On November 11, 2011, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated June 8, 2009 (the "SPA"), between the Company and JP SPC 1 Vatea, Segregated Portfolio ("Vatea Fund"). Amendment No. 3 deemed all milestones under the SPA achieved in exchange for a reduction in the purchase price for shares of the Company's common stock under the SPA to $2.85 per share.
 
On November 14, 2011, following entry into Amendment No. 3 to the SPA, the final closing (the "Final Closing") under the SPA occurred pursuant to which the Company delivered 2,807,018 shares of its common stock to the holders of the SPA against payment to the Company of an aggregate of $8,000,000. In connection with the Final Closing, the Company paid fees to Melixia SA for services provided as facilitating agent, which consisted of 561,404 shares of the Company's common stock. All issuances were made in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Rule 506 thereunder. Pursuant to the terms of the Note Purchase Agreement with Vatea Fund, dated October 12, 2010 and amended on December 29, 2010, the Company used the proceeds from the Final Closing to prepay the outstanding balance under the notes, including $2,367,574 of unaccreted final payment premium thereunder. Following the Final Closing, no securities remain available for purchase under the SPA and no outstanding balance remains under the Note Purchase Agreement.
 
2011 Registered Direct Offering

On December 8, 2011, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement with William Blair & Company, L.L.C. relating to a $7.5 million registered direct offering (the “2011 Offering”), of units (the “Units”) by the Company to certain institutional investors, consisting of an aggregate $7.5 million of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Preferred Stock”) and warrants (the “2011 Warrants”) to purchase approximately 1,689,192 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share.
 
The sale of the Units was made pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement, dated December 8, 2011, entered into with each of the investors.  The 2011 Offering is scheduled to fund in two installments.  The first installment of the Offering was completed on December 12, 2011.  At closing, the investors purchased $3.5 million of newly issued Preferred Stock and related 2011 Warrants.  Subject to the Company meeting certain conditions, including conditions that are outside its control, there is a second mandatory installment whereby the Company may issue up to an additional $4 million of Preferred Stock and 2011 Warrants.  The second installment would fund when the first installment is fully redeemed by the Company, at approximately the six month anniversary of the initial closing .
 
 
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ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to them. In some cases you can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “potential” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. Examples of these statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding: the implications of interim or final results of our clinical trials, the progress of our research programs, including clinical testing, the extent to which our issued and pending patents may protect our products and technology, our ability to identify new product candidates, the potential of such product candidates to lead to the development of commercial products, our anticipated timing for initiation or completion of our clinical trials for any of our product candidates, our future operating expenses, our future losses, our future expenditures for research and development, and the sufficiency of our cash resources. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the risks faced by us and described in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Part I, Item IA of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from those we expect. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
 
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited financial statements and notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included as part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2011.
 
All references in this Quarterly Report to “Oxygen Biotherapeutics”, “we”, “our” and “us” means Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc.
 
Overview
 
Oxygen Biotherapeutics is engaged in the business of developing biotechnology products with a focus on oxygen delivery to specific target tissues. We are currently developing Oxycyte®, a systemic perfluorocarbon, or PFC product we believe is a safe and effective oxygen carrier for use in situations of acute ischemia.  In addition, we have developed a family of perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carriers for use in personal care, topical wound healing, and other topical indications. While we continue to move forward with Oxycyte as a potential treatment for traumatic brain injury or TBI, our focus for the next twelve months will be to develop our most advanced topical products: Dermacyte® and Wundecyte™, as we believe these products have a greater opportunity for nearer-term commercialization.
 
Audit Committee Investigation
 
As we previously disclosed, during the three months ended October 31, 2011, our Audit Committee, which is composed entirely of independent directors, conducted an investigation into the conduct of Chris J. Stern, our former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and the potential impact of his conduct on us.  The Audit Committee’s findings were disclosed in “ Item 2—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 31, 2011.
 
 
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Oxycyte®
 
Our Oxycyte oxygen carrier product is a PFC-based oil in water emulsion, which is provided to the patient intravenously. The physical-chemical properties of PFCs enable our product to concentrate oxygen from the lungs and transport it through the body releasing it along the way.  Over a period of days Oxycyte is gradually exhaled through the lungs during the normal process of respiration. Oxycyte requires no cross matching, so it is immediately available and compatible with all patients’ blood types. Oxycyte has an extended shelf life compared to blood and is provided as a sterile emulsion ready for intravenous administration.  Because it contains no biological components, there is no risk of transmission of blood-borne viruses from human blood products.  Further, since Oxycyte is based on readily available inert compounds, we believe it can be manufactured on a cost-effective basis in amounts sufficient to meet demand.
 
We received approval of our Investigational New Drug application, or IND, for severe TBI filed with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and began Phase I clinical studies in October 2003, which were completed in December 2003. We submitted a report on the results to the FDA along with a Phase II protocol in 2004. Phase II-A clinical studies began in the fourth quarter 2004, and were completed in 2006. A further Phase II study protocol was filed with the FDA in the spring of 2008, but remained on clinical hold by the FDA due to safety concerns raised by the regulatory agency. We are continuing to respond to the FDA’s requests for data required to address their concerns. After receiving this clinical hold, we filed a revised protocol as a dose-escalation study with the regulatory authorities in Switzerland and Israel. The relevant Swiss regulatory body approved the protocol in August 2009, and the Israel Ministry of Health approved the protocol in September 2009. The new study began in October 2009 and is currently underway both in Switzerland and Israel. In March 2010, we determined that it is feasible to simplify the trial design and also reduce the number of patients to be enrolled. In May 2010, we entered into a relationship with a contract research organization, or CRO, to assist us as we expand our study into India to initiate five to ten new sites for our Phase II-b clinical trial. Study objectives, safety and efficacy endpoints would remain unchanged, and we feel with these optimizations the study could be concluded faster and more economically. In March 2011 we received confirmation of a $2.07M, two-year cost reimbursement award from the U.S. Army to conduct safety related studies for Oxycyte. PFC emulsions, as a therapeutic class, are known to interact with the reticuloendothelial system as part of the clearance mechanism, as well as affect the number of circulating platelets. The studies supported by this grant will examine the effects of Oxycyte on the immune system, platelet function and distribution, as well as the safety and efficacy of platelet transfusion, which can be necessary for patients with TBI and related polytrauma. Additional studies under this grant will be conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of PFCs in relevant species. We believe the results of these studies will support the safety profile of Oxycyte PFC emulsion. We expect to commit a substantial portion of our financial and business resources over the next three years to testing Oxycyte and advancing this product to regulatory approval for use in one or more medical applications.
 
Should Oxycyte successfully progress in clinical testing and if it appears regulatory approval for one or more medical uses is likely, either in the United States or in another country, we intend to evaluate our options for commercializing the product. These options include licensing Oxycyte to a third party for manufacture and distribution, manufacturing Oxycyte ourselves for distribution through third party distributors, manufacturing and selling the product ourselves, or establishing some other form of strategic relationship for making and distributing Oxycyte with a participant in the pharmaceutical industry. We are currently investigating and evaluating all options.
 
Dermacyte®
 
The Dermacyte line of topical cosmetic products employs our patented PFC technology and other known cosmetic ingredients to promote the appearance of skin health and other desirable cosmetic benefits. Dermacyte is designed to provide a moist and oxygen-rich environment for the skin when it is applied topically, even in small amounts. Dermacyte Concentrate has been formulated as a cosmetic in our lab and Dermacyte Eye Complex was created by a contract formulator, with the patent held by Oxygen Biotherapeutics. Both formulas have passed all safety and toxicity tests, and we have filed a Cosmetic Product Ingredient Statement, or CPIS with the FDA. The market for oxygen-carrying cosmetics includes anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, skin abrasions and minor skin defects.
 
In September 2009, we started production of our first commercial product under our topical cosmetic line, Dermacyte Concentrate.  We produced and sold a limited pre-production batch in November 2009 as a market acceptance test. The product was sold in packs of 8 doses of 0.4ml. Based on the test market results we identified specific market opportunities for this product and reformulated Dermacyte Concentrate for better product stability. Marketing and shipments of the new Dermacyte Concentrate formulation began in April 2010. We worked with a contract formulator in California to develop the Dermacyte Eye Complex which contains PFC technology as well as other ingredients beneficial to the healthy appearance of the skin around the eyes.
 
Since June 2010 we have marketed and sold these products through www.buydermacyte.com and to dermatologists and medical spas with a combination of in-house sales, independent sales agents and exclusive distributors. We have hired a sales director based in North Carolina, and added sales people in South Florida, and Southern California. During the current period, we adjusted our growth strategy to focus exclusively on the North Carolina and South Florida markets while we focus on reformulating the product line to include Dermacyte night cream and brightening serum.
 
 
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Dermatology
 
We are developing clinical research protocols and conducting proof-of-concept studies for the topical indications of pruritis and atopic dermatitis. We intend to develop additional studies for the treatment of acne and rosacea. We believe that we will need the support of partners specializing in this sector to further develop and commercialize these dermatologic product candidates. We can provide no assurance that the topical indications we have under development will prove their claims and be successful commercial products.
 
Wundecyte™
 
Wundecyte is a novel gel developed under a contract agreement with a lab in Virginia that is designed to be used as a wound-healing gel. In October 2009, we filed a 510K medical device application for Wundecyte with the FDA. Several oxygen-producing and oxygen-carrying devices were cited as predicate devices. The FDA response was that the application likely would be classified as a combination device. The drug component of the combination device will require extensive preclinical and clinical studies to be conducted prior to potential commercialization of the product.
 
We have also developed an oxygen-generating bandage that can be combined with Wundecyte gel. Wundecyte gel and the oxygen-generating bandage both entered preclinical testing in our first quarter of fiscal 2011. The studies were designed to measure factors such as time to wound closure and reduction in scar tissue formation as compared to a control group. Results showed an apparent increase in epithelial thickness versus the control. The treatment did not cause adverse effects and the models tolerated the treatment well. Our current product development plan is for Wundecyte to emerge into more complex wound-healing indications, also in combination with oxygen-producing technologies based on hydrogen peroxide. In December 2010 we signed a binding letter of intent with Sarasota Medical Products, Inc., or SMP, of Sarasota, Florida to determine the feasibility of pursuing a joint research and development venture for treating chronic ischemic wounds. The venture will be based on combining Wundecyte with SMP’s topical medical devices.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates
 
There have been no significant changes in critical accounting policies during the three months ended October 31, 2011, as compared to the critical accounting policies described in “ Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011.
 
Financial Overview
 
Results of Operations- Comparison of the Three and Six Months Ended October 31, 2011 and 2010
 
The following table sets forth our condensed statement of operations data and presentation of that data as amount of change from period-to-period.
 
 
22

 
 
   
Three months ended October 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
   
Six months ended October 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
 
   
2011
   
2010
               
2011
   
2010
             
                                                 
Wholesale & retail revenue
  $ 27,415     $ 36,083     $ (8,668 )     -24 %   $ 60,892     $ 42,981     $ 17,911       42 %
Distibutor revenue
    -       -       -       0 %     26,000       -       26,000       0 %
Product revenue
    27,415       36,083       (8,668 )     -24 %     86,892       42,981       43,911       102 %
Cost of sales
    10,500       8,957       1,543       17 %     45,104       10,745       34,359       320 %
Gross profit
    16,915       27,126       (10,211 )     -38 %     41,788       32,236       9,552       30 %
                                                                 
Government grant revenue
    78,244       -       78,244       - %     78,244       -       78,244       - %
Total net revenue
    95,159       27,126       68,033       251 %     120,032       32,236       87,796       272 %
                                                                 
Operating expenses:
                                                               
Sales and Marketing
    134,035       160,203       (26,168 )     -16 %     363,368       265,279       98,089       37 %
General and administrative
    1,526,775       1,351,011       175,764       13 %     3,098,431       3,129,003       (30,572 )     -1 %
Research and development
    488,577       572,649       (84,072 )     -15 %     1,140,538       1,717,892       (577,354 )     -34 %
Total Operating expenses
    2,149,387       2,083,863       65,524       3 %     4,602,337       5,112,174       (509,837 )     -10 %
                                                                 
Net operating loss
    2,054,228       2,056,737       (2,509 )     0 %     4,482,305       5,079,938       (597,633 )     -12 %
                                                                 
Interest expense
    871,768       5,383       866,385       16095 %     1,307,566       6,589       1,300,977       19745 %
Other (income) expense
    3,927       (10,183 )     14,110       -139 %     9,121       (32,291 )     41,412       -128 %
Net loss
  $ 2,929,923     $ 2,051,937     $ 877,986       43 %   $ 5,798,992     $ 5,054,236     $ 744,756       15 %
 
Revenue
 
We generate product revenue from the sale of Dermacyte through on-line retailers, physician and medical spa facilities, and through distribution agreements with unrelated companies. In addition to the revenue earned through sales of Dermacyte, we also earn revenues through a cost-reimbursement grant sponsored by the United States Army, or Grant Revenue. Grant Revenue is recognized as milestones under the Grant program are achieved. Grant Revenue is earned through the direct costs of labor, supplies, and the pass-through costs of subcontracts with third-party CROs. Product revenue and Grant Revenue, including percentage changes, for the three and six months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, are as follows:
 
   
Three months October 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
   
Six months October 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
 
   
2011
   
2010
               
2011
   
2010
             
Product revenue
  $ 27,415     $ 36,083     $ (8,668 )     -24 %   $ 86,892     $ 42,981     $ 43,911       102 %
Government grant revenue
  $ 78,244     $ -     $ 78,244       100 %   $ 78,244     $ -     $ 78,244       100 %
 
Product revenue decreased for the three months ended October 31, 2011 compared to the same period in the prior year due to the reduction in direct sales from our internal sales force. During the three months ended October 31, 2011, we reduced the size of our sales force to focus selling efforts in specific geographical markets.
 
Product revenue increased for the six months ended October 31, 2011 compared to the same period in the prior year due to shipments to our distributor in Mexico and direct sales from our internal sales force.
 
Grant revenue for the three and six months ended October was approximately $78,000. This revenue was primarily the result of reimbursements for the direct labor costs associated with study design and initiation for a series of preclinical studies designed to enhance the safety and toxicity profile of Oxycyte.
 
Gross Profit
 
Gross margin as a percent of revenue was 62% and 48% for the three and six months ended October 31, 2011, respectively, as compared to 75% for the three and six months ended October 31, 2010. This decrease was primarily due to changes in the product mix and sales through distribution channels in the six months ended October 31, 2011.
 
Marketing and Sales Expenses
 
Marketing and sales expenses consisted primarily of personnel-related costs, including salaries, commissions, and the costs of marketing programs aimed at increasing revenue, such as advertising, trade shows, public relations and other market development programs. Marketing and sales expenses and percentage changes for the three and six months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, are as follows:
 
 
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Three months October 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
   
Six months October 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
 
   
2011
   
2010
               
2011
   
2010
             
Marketing and sales expense
  $ 134,035     $ 160,203     $ (26,168 )     -16 %   $ 363,368     $ 265,279     $ 98,089       37 %
 
The decrease in marketing and sales expenses for the three months ended October 31, 2011 compared to the same period in the prior year was driven primarily by a reduction in costs incurred for direct advertising partially offset by an increase in the costs incurred for compensation.
 
-  
We reduced the costs associated with direct marketing and advertising approximately $60,000. These costs include attendance at trade shows and conferences, fees paid to a third party public relations firm, the costs of product samples distributed to potential customers, and the costs of direct print and online advertisements topical product line Dermacyte. These costs include salaries, commissions, and employee benefits.
 
-  
We incurred an increase of approximately $30,000 in compensation costs related to marketing and selling the cosmetic topical product line Dermacyte. These costs include salaries, commissions, and employee benefits.
 
The increase in marketing and sales expenses for the six months ended October 31, 2011 compared to the same period in the prior was driven primarily by an increase in the costs incurred for compensation offset by a slight reduction in costs for direct advertising.
 
-  
We incurred an increase of approximately $95,000 in compensation costs and $10,000 in travel costs related to marketing and selling the cosmetic topical product line Dermacyte. These costs include salaries, commissions, employee benefits, and entertainment.
 
-  
We reduced the costs related to direct marketing and advertising approximately $6,000 compared to the same period in the prior year. These costs include attendance at trade shows and conferences, fees paid to a third party public relations firm, the costs of product samples distributed to potential customers, and the costs of direct print and online advertisements.
 
General and Administrative Expenses
 
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation for executive, finance, legal and administrative personnel, including stock-based compensation. Other general and administrative expenses include facility costs not otherwise included in research and development expenses, legal and accounting services, other professional services, and consulting fees. General and administrative expenses and percentage changes for the three and six months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, are as follows:
 
   
Three months October 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
   
Six months October 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
 
   
2011
   
2010
               
2011
   
2010
             
General and administrative expense
  $ 1,526,775     $ 1,351,011     $ 175,764       13 %   $ 3,098,431     $ 3,129,003     $ (30,572 )     -1 %
 
The increase in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended October 31, 2011 was driven primarily by an increase in legal fees, consulting costs and the severance accrual for a retired director; partially offset by a decrease in compensation expense, travel related expenses, and amortization of intangible assets.
 
-  
We reduced compensation expenses approximately $195,000 compared to the same period in the prior year due to a reduction in headcount.
 
-  
We reduced administrative travel costs by approximately $51,000 compared to the same period in the prior year due to a reduction in headcount and international travel.
 
-  
We reduced depreciation and amortization costs approximately $27,000 compared to the same period in the prior year due to impairments to intangible assets recorded in the prior year.
 
-  
We incurred an increase of approximately $213,000 in legal and accounting fees associated with our filings and other corporate matters compared to the same period in the prior year.
 
-  
We incurred and increase in consulting and Board of Director fees of approximately $230,000 compared to the same period in the prior year due to the accrual of severance payments due to a retired Director and fees paid to a third-party recruiter.
 
 
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The decrease in general and administrative expenses for the six months ended October 31, 2011 was driven primarily by a decrease in compensation expense, travel related expense, and amortization of intangible assets; partially offset by an increase in legal fees, consulting costs and the severance accrual for a retired director.
 
-  
We reduced compensation expenses approximately $474,000 compared to the same period in the prior year due to a reduction in headcount.
 
-  
We reduced depreciation and amortization costs approximately $67,000 compared to the same period in the prior year due to impairments to intangible assets recorded in the prior year.
 
-  
We reduced investor relations costs by approximately $108,000 compared to the same period in the prior year due to a reduction in presentations and costs associated with international marketing firms.
 
-  
We incurred an increase of approximately $422,000 in legal and accounting fees associated with our filings and other corporate matters compared to the same period in the prior year.
 
-  
We incurred and increase in consulting and Board of Director fees of approximately $275,000 compared to the same period in the prior year due to the accrual of severance payments due to a retired Director and fees paid to a third-party recruiter.
 
Research and Development Expenses   
 
Research and development expenses include, but are not limited to, (i) expenses incurred under agreements with CROs and investigative sites, which conduct our clinical trials and a substantial portion of our pre-clinical studies; (ii) the cost of manufacturing and supplying clinical trial materials; (iii) payments to contract service organizations, as well as consultants; (iv) employee-related expenses, which include salaries and benefits; and (v) facilities, depreciation and other allocated expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities and equipment, depreciation of leasehold improvements, equipment, laboratory and other supplies. All research and development expenses are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses and percentage changes for the three and six months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, are as follows:
 
   
Three months October 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
   
Six months October 31,
   
Increase/ (Decrease)
   
% Increase/ (Decrease)
 
   
2011
   
2010
               
2011
   
2010
             
Research and development expense
  $ 488,577     $ 572,649     $ (84,072 )     -15 %   $ 1,140,538     $ 1,717,892     $ (577,354 )     -34 %
 
The decrease in research and development expenses for the three months ended October 31, 2011 was driven primarily by a reduction in compensation and CRO costs; partially offset by an increase in consulting costs and Oxycyte development costs.
 
-  
We reduced compensation expenses approximately $43,000 compared to the same period in the prior year due to a reduction in headcount.
 
-  
We reduced travel costs by approximately $10,000 compared to the same period in the prior year due to a reduction in headcount and international travel.
 
-  
We reduced CRO costs approximately $104,000 compared to the same period in the prior year due to the completion of the first cohort of the TBI trials in the prior year.
 
-  
We incurred an increase of approximately $32,000 in consulting costs compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to the consulting agreement with our retired Chief Operating Officer entered into in the fourth quarter of the prior year.
 
-  
We incurred an increase of approximately $52,000 in Oxycyte development costs compared to the same period in the prior year due to costs incurred for manufacturing and preclinical studies.
 
The decrease in research and development expenses for the six months ended October 31, 2011 was driven primarily by a reduction in CRO, compensation and product development costs; partially offset by an increase in consulting costs.
 
 
25

 
 
-  
We reduced compensation expenses approximately $16,000 compared to the same period in the prior year due to a reduction in headcount.
 
-  
We reduced travel costs by approximately $35,000 compared to the same period in the prior year due to a reduction in headcount, conferences and seminars, and international travel.
 
-  
We reduced CRO costs approximately $487,000 compared to the same period in the prior year due to the completion of the first cohort of the TBI trials in the prior year.
 
-  
We incurred a decrease of approximately $148,000 in product development costs compared to the same period in the prior year due to impairment costs recognized in the prior year for expired clinical drug material offset by development costs associated with Dermacyte and Oxycyte manufacturing and preclinical studies incurred in the current year.
 
-  
We incurred an increase of approximately $112,000 in consulting costs compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to the consulting agreement with our retired Chief Operating Officer entered into in the fourth quarter of the prior year.
 
Conducting a significant amount of research and development is central to our business model. Product candidates in later-stage clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of development, primarily due to the significantly increased size and duration of clinical trials. We plan to incur substantial research and development expenses for the foreseeable future in order to complete development of our most advanced product candidate, Oxycyte, and to conduct earlier-stage research and development projects.
 
The process of conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials necessary to obtain FDA approval is costly and time consuming. The probability of success for each product candidate and clinical trial may be affected by a variety of factors, including, among other things, the quality of the product candidate’s early clinical data, investment in the program, competition, manufacturing capabilities and commercial viability. As a result of the uncertainties discussed above, uncertainty associated with clinical trial enrollment and risks inherent in the development process, we are unable to determine the duration and completion costs of current or future clinical stages of our product candidates or when, or to what extent, we will generate revenues from the commercialization and sale of any of our product candidates. Development timelines, probability of success and development costs vary widely. We are currently focused on developing our most advanced product candidate, Oxycyte; however, we will need substantial additional capital in the future in order to complete the development and potential commercialization of Oxycyte and other product candidates.
 
Other Income and Expense
 
During the three and six months ended October 31, 2011, other income decreased approximately $14,000 and $41,000, respectively, compared to the same period in the prior year. This decrease was due primarily to the expiration of the sublease agreement in our California laboratory and fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
 
Interest Expense
 
During the three and six months ended October 31, 2011, interest expense increased approximately $866,000 and $1,301,000, respectively, compared to the same period in the prior year. This increase is due to the accretion of the premium due on the promissory notes outstanding under the Note Purchase Agreement, dated October 21, 2010, as amended on December 29, 2010, with JP SPC 1 Vatea Segregated Portfolio, or Vatea Fund, and the amortization of the discounts, debt issue costs, and interest expense on the notes issued under the Convertible Note and Warrant Purchase Agreements described in “Liquidity, Capital Resources and Plan of Operation – Liquidity” below.
 
Liquidity, Capital Resources and Plan of Operation
 
We have incurred losses since our inception and as of October 31, 2011 we had an accumulated deficit of $97.7 million. We will continue to incur losses until we generate sufficient revenue to offset our expenses, and we anticipate that we will continue to incur net losses for at least the next several years. We expect to incur increased expenses related to our development and potential commercialization of Oxycyte and other product candidates and, as a result, we will need to generate significant net product sales, royalty and other revenues to achieve profitability.
 
 
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Liquidity
 
We have financed our operations since September 1990 through the issuance of debt and equity securities and loans from stockholders. We had $2,873,524 and $1,632,211of total current assets and working capital of $777,617 and $(551,033) as of October 31, 2011 and April 30, 2011, respectively. Our practice is to invest excess cash, where available, in short-term money market investment instruments.
 
We are in the preclinical and clinical trial stages in the development of our product candidates. We are currently conducting Phase II-b clinical trials for the use of Oxycyte in the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury. Even if we are successful with our Phase II-b study, we must then conduct a Phase III clinical study and, if that is successful, file with the FDA and obtain approval of a Biologics License Application to begin commercial distribution, all of which will take more time and funding to complete. Our other product candidates must undergo further development and testing prior to submission to the FDA for approval to initiate clinical trials, which also requires additional funding. Management is actively pursuing private and institutional financing, as well as strategic alliances and/or joint venture agreements to obtain the necessary additional financing and reduce the cost burden related to the development and commercialization of our products though we can give no assurance that any such initiative will be successful. We expect our primary focus will be on funding the continued testing of Oxycyte, since this product is the furthest along in the regulatory review process. Our ability to continue to pursue testing and development of our products beyond July 31, 2012 depends on obtaining license income or outside financial resources. There is no assurance that we will obtain any license agreement or outside financing or that we will otherwise succeed in obtaining the necessary resources.
 
On August 2, 2011, the Company received $619,181 and issued 366,379 shares of common stock for the exercise of certain outstanding warrants.
 
In June 2011, we entered into a Convertible Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement with two institutional investors for the issuance and sale in a private placement of an aggregate $4.9 million in subordinated convertible promissory notes and warrants. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the private placement were approximately $4.9 million, excluding any proceeds from the exercise of any Warrants, and the aggregate placement agent fees were approximately $386,000.
 
In May 2011, we issued the remaining $700,000 in promissory notes under the October 2010 Note Purchase Agreement with Vatea Fund.
 
Based on our working capital at October 31, 2011 and the net proceeds from the registered direct offering described in Note 9 of our Financial statements above, we believe we have sufficient capital on hand to continue to fund operations through July 31, 2012.
 
Cash Flows
 
The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the six months ended October 31, 2011 and 2010:
 
   
For the six months ended October 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Net cash used in operating activities
    (4,583,454 )     (4,389,796 )
Net cash used in investing activities
    (161,475 )     (257,302 )
Net cash provided by financing activities
    5,797,242       4,851,559  
 
Net cash used in operating activities.  Net cash used in operating activities was $4.6 million for the six months ended October 31, 2011 compared to net cash used in operating activities of $4.4 million for the six months ended October 31, 2010. The increase of cash used for operating activities was due primarily to an increase in costs associated with marketing and selling our cosmetic products offset by a reduction in costs associated with development of Oxycyte and overall administrative expenses.
 
 
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Net cash used in investing activities . Net cash used in investing activities was $161,474 for the six months ended October 31, 2011 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $257,302 for the six months ended October 31, 2010. The decrease of cash used for investing activities was due to a reduction in capitalized legal fees incurred for filing and maintaining our patent portfolio.
 
Net cash provided by financing activities Net cash provided by financing activities was $5.8 million for the six months ended October 31, 2011 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $4.9 million for the six months ended October 31, 2010. The increase of net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended October 31, 2011 was due primarily to net proceeds of approximately $4.5 million received from the issuance of the convertible notes in June 2011, approximately $0.6 million from the exercise of outstanding warrants in August 2011, and approximately $0.7 million proceeds from the issuance of promissory notes payable in May 2011 under the Note Purchase Agreement with Vatea Fund.
 
Operating Capital and Capital Expenditure Requirements
 
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors that include, but are not limited to the following:
 
·  
the initiation, progress, timing and completion of clinical trials for our product candidates and potential product candidates;
 
·  
the outcome, timing and cost of regulatory approvals and the regulatory approval process;
 
·  
delays that may be caused by changing regulatory requirements;
 
·  
the number of product candidates that we pursue;
 
·  
the costs involved in filing and prosecuting patent applications and enforcing and defending patent claims;
 
·  
the timing and terms of future in-licensing and out-licensing transactions;
 
·  
the cost and timing of establishing sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution capabilities;
 
·  
the cost of procuring clinical and commercial supplies of our product candidates;
 
·  
the extent to which we acquire or invest in businesses, products or technologies; and
 
·  
the possible costs of litigation.
 
As a result of our recently completed financing, described in Note 9 above, we believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our projected operating requirements through July 31, 2012. We will need substantial additional capital in the future in order to complete the development and commercialization of Oxycyte and to fund the development and commercialization of our future product candidates. Until we can generate a sufficient amount of product revenue, if ever, we expect to finance future cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financings or corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements. Such funding, if needed, may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. In the event we are unable to obtain additional capital, we may delay or reduce the scope of our current research and development programs and other expenses.
 
To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience additional significant dilution, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to our technologies or our product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. We may seek to access the public or private capital markets whenever conditions are favorable, even if we do not have an immediate need for additional capital .
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
On May 1, 2011, we adopted ASU 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) . The guidance requires the disclosure of roll forward activities on purchases, sales, issuance, and settlements of the assets and liabilities measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 fair value measurements). The adoption of ASU 2011-04 did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
 
On May 1, 2011, we adopted ASU 2010-17, Revenue Recognition—Milestone Method (Topic 605). The guidance establishes a revenue recognition model for contingent consideration that is payable upon the achievement of an uncertain future event, referred to as a milestone. The scope of the ASU is limited to research or development arrangements and requires an entity to record the milestone payment in its entirety in the period received if the milestone meets all the necessary criteria to be considered substantive. The adoption of ASU 2010-17 did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
Since our inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements, including the use of structured finance, special purpose entities or variable interest entities.
 
 
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ITEM 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
Management does not believe that we possess any instruments that are sensitive to market risk. Our debt instruments bear interest at fixed interest rates.
 
We believe that there have been no significant changes in our market risk exposures for the three and six months ended October 31, 2011.
 
ITEM 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
As required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for the Exchange Act, our management, including our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Based on that evaluation, our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of October 31, 2011, the period covered by this report in that they provide reasonable assurance that the information we are required to disclose in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods required by the SEC.
 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
There were no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We routinely review our internal controls over financial reporting and from time to time make changes intended to enhance the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. In light of the conduct discovered during the Audit Committee investigation described in “Management’s Discussion & Analysis – Audit Committee Investigation” of our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 30, 2011, we adopted the following additional measures in order to improve our control environment: (i) strengthening our procedures with respect to review and verification of officer and director credentials and biographical disclosure, (ii) adopting a written related-party transaction review policy, to be administered by the Audit Committee, and (iii) revising our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct to explicitly confirm that providing false or misleading information in response to a corporate investigation is a violation of the Code subject to discipline. We will continue to evaluate the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting on an ongoing basis and will take action as appropriate.
 
 
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
On August 30, 2011, Tenor Opportunity Master Fund Ltd., Aria Opportunity Fund, Ltd., and Parsoon Opportunity Fund, Ltd (collectively, “Tenor”) filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging that a right of first offer held by Tenor was breached in connection with our June 2011 financing.  The complaint seeks compensatory damages, attorneys’ fees and costs. We filed an Answer to the Complaint on October 4, 2011 and pre-trial discovery is currently underway. We believe the facts do not support a finding in their favor and intend to vigorously defend against this lawsuit.
 
ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS

We are supplementing the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2011 with the risk factors below.
 
We depend on the services of a limited number of key personnel.
 
Our success is highly dependent on the continued services of a limited number of scientists and support personnel. The loss of any of these individuals could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, our success will depend, among other factors, on the recruitment and retention of additional highly skilled and experienced management and technical personnel. There is a risk that we will not be able to retain existing employees or to attract and retain additional skilled personnel on acceptable terms given the competition for such personnel among numerous large and well-funded pharmaceutical and health care companies, universities, and non-profit research institutions, which could negatively affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.  As of August 24, 2011, Michael B. Jebsen is serving as both our Chief Financial Officer and our interim Chief Executive Officer. While we continue to search for a permanent Chief Executive Officer, we can give no assurances as to when, or if, we will locate a suitable candidate, and we may be adversely affected if we are unable to identify a qualified permanent Chief Executive Officer in a timely manner.

The redemption by us of Convertible Preferred Stock in stock or the conversion of such Preferred Stock  by the holders could result in a substantial number of additional shares being issued, with the number of such shares increasing if and to the extent our market price declines, diluting the ownership percentage of our existing stockholders.

In December 2011, we completed a registered direct offering (the “2011 Offering”) consisting of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Preferred Stock”) and warrants (the “2011 Warrants”) to purchase shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share.  The Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holders at an initial conversion price of $2.22. We will make amortization and dividend payments on the Preferred Stock, with the principal amount being amortized in six payments payable over the six months following the issue date of the Preferred Stock payable at our option in cash and/or stock, subject to certain conditions being met.  If we elect to make the payments in shares of our common stock, the price used to determine the number of shares to be issued will be calculated using the lesser of (i) the-then existing conversion price, which is initially $2.22 per share and (ii) a 10% discount to a calculated market price. Accordingly, the lower the market price of our common stock at the time at which we make amortization payments in stock, the greater the number of shares we will be obliged to issue and the greater the dilution to our existing stockholders.  Such issuances could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

The Preferred Stock contains covenants that may limit our business flexibility.

The Preferred Stock imposes significant restrictions on us that may restrict our ability to pursue our business strategies.  These restrictions prohibit or limit, among other things:
 
·  
the incurrence of additional indebtedness without the consent of the holders of the Preferred Stock;
·  
the issuance of additional securities, subject to standard exceptions; and
·  
the payment of cash dividends on shares of capital stock outstanding.
 
We are subject to substantial penalties if we breach the terms of the Preferred Stock
 
The Certificate of Designations that governs the Preferred Stock provides for various and severe penalties under various circumstances, including breach of the terms of the Certificate of Designations and any of the transaction documents relating to the 2011 Offering.  These penalties include, but are not limited to, an increase in the dividend rate from 7% to 15%, and repayment of 125% of the then-outstanding stated value of the Preferred Stock in cash. In the event that any of these penalties are triggered, we may have insufficient funds to pay such penalties, which may adversely impact our ability to continue as a going concern.
 
The second closing of our December 2011 registered direct offering may not occur.
 
While our 2011 Offering provided for an aggregate amount of up to $7.5 million, only $3.5 million of the offered securities were purchased initially.  The remainder of the 2011 Offering, which may be up to $4 million, is currently scheduled to be completed in a second closing in June 2012.  However, the second closing is subject to various conditions, including conditions that are outside of our control, including, but not limited to, a minimum stock price prior to the second closing and a minimum trading volume limitation.  In the event that the second closing does not occur, we would need to find alternative sources of capital to continue as a going concern, and there can be no assurance that such funding would be available on favorable terms or at all.
 
ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
During the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2011, we did not sell any unregistered equity securities that have not previously been disclosed in a current report on Form 8-K.
 
ITEM 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
 
None
.
ITEM 4.
(REMOVED AND RESERVED)
 
None.
 
ITEM 5.
OTHER INFORMATION
 
On December 15, 2011, the Board of Directors adopted an amendment to the Company’s Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy, which is described under the heading 2011 Director Compensation in the Company’s definitive proxy statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 6, 2011, to provide that restricted stock awards will vest 25% per quarter, rather than vesting over a three-year period.
 
On December 15, 2011, the Board of Directors of the Company appointed Chris A. Rallis and Anthony A. DiTonno to serve as directors, effective immediately.  Mr. Rallis will serve on the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors and serve as the Audit Committee’s financial expert.  Mr. DiTonno will serve on the Compensation Committee and Strategic Alternatives Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors.  Mr. DiTonno will also serve as the Strategic Alternatives Committee’s chair.  The Company’s Board of Directors has determined that each of Mr. Rallis and Mr. DiTonno is an independent director.
 
There is no arrangement or understanding between Messrs. Rallis and DiTonno and any other persons pursuant to which they were to be appointed as directors, and Messrs. Rallis and DiTonno are not, have not been, and are not currently proposed to be a participant in any related person transactions with the Company or any related person that would require disclosure under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K.
 
Messrs. Rallis and DiTonno will be compensated in accordance with the Company’s Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy as described above.
 
On December 15, 2011, the Board of the Directors also approved Amended and Restated Bylaws, effective immediately, that included an amendment to Article III, Section 10 to the Company’s Bylaws to clarify that directors may take action without a meeting either by consent in writing or by electronic transmission.  A copy of the Bylaws, as amended and restated, is filed as Exhibit 3.1 to this Quarterly Report and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
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 ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS
 
No.
 
Description
3.1   Amended and Restated Bylaws
10.1
 
Amendment No. 3 to Securities Purchase Agreement between the Company and Vatea Fund, dated November 14, 2011 (1)
10.2
 
Task Order between the Company and NextPharma, dated November 15, 2011 (1)
10.3
 
Termination Agreement between the Company and Hospira, dated August 30, 2011 (1)
10.4
 
Placement Agency Agreement, dated December 8, 2011, between Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. and William Blair & Company, L.L.C., as placement agent (2)
10.5
 
Form of Warrant (2)
10.6
 
Form of Certificate of Designations (2)
10.7
 
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (2)
10.8
 
Form of Lock-up Agreement (2)
10.9   Restricted Stock Award Agreement
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document (3)
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (3)
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (3)
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (3)
______________
(1)   
This document was filed as an exhibit to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Oxygen Biotherapeutics with the SEC on November 16, 2011, and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
(2)   
This document was filed as an exhibit to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Oxygen Biotherapeutics with the SEC on December 9, 2011, and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
(3)   
Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files in Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.
 
 
 
 
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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
  OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.  
       
Date: December 15, 2011
By:
/s/ Michael B. Jebsen  
    Michael B. Jebsen,  
    Interim Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Financial Officer  
    (Principal Executive Officer)  
 
 
 
32
 
Exhibit 3.1
 
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF

OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

(As Adopted and in Effect as of December 15, 2011)

ARTICLE I

OFFICES

Section 1.            Registered Office.  The registered office of the Corporation shall be in the county of New Castle, at 2711 Centerville Road, Suite 400, Wilmington, Delaware 19808.  The name of its resident agent at such address is Corporation Service Company.

Section 2.             Other Offices.  Other offices may be established by the Board of Directors at any place or places, within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

ARTICLE II

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

Section 1.           Place of Meetings.  Meetings of stockholders shall be held either at the principal executive office or any other place within or without the State of Delaware which may be designated either by the Board of Directors pursuant to authority hereinafter granted to said Board, or by the written consent of all stockholders entitled to vote thereat, given either before or after the meeting and filed with the Secretary of the Corporation; provided, however, that if no place is designated or so fixed, stockholder meetings shall be held at the principal executive office of the Corporation.

Section 2.            Annual Meetings.  The annual meetings of the stockholders shall be held each year on a date and a time designated by the Board of Directors.  At the annual meeting of stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting.  To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be specified in the Notice of Meeting given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder of record.  For business to be properly brought before the annual meeting by a stockholder of record, including the nomination of a director, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation.  To be timely, a stockholder's notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation (i) not less than 120 days in advance of the date in the current year that corresponds to the date on which notice of the annual meeting was first mailed by the Corporation to its stockholders of record in the prior year (unless a later date is selected by the Board of directors and communicated to the stockholders), or (ii) if no annual meeting was held in the prior year or the corresponding date on which notice of the annual meeting is sent to stockholders of record changes by more than 30 days from the date in the previous year, not less than 30 days in advance of the date that the Corporation begins printing its notice of the annual meeting to be disseminated to stockholders.  A stockholder's notice to the Secretary shall inform as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii) the name and record address of the stockholder proposing such business, (iii) the class and numbers of shares of the Corporation that are beneficially owned by the stockholder, and (iv) any material interest of the stockholder in such business.  Notwithstanding anything in the Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at the annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section.  The chairman of the annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of this Section, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and any such business not properly before the meeting shall not be transacted.

 
 

 

Section 3.            Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes whatsoever, may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board, the President or by a majority of the Board of Directors, or by such other person as the Board of Directors may designate.

For business to be properly brought before a special meeting by a stockholder, including the nomination of a director, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation.  To be timely, a stockholder's notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not more than five business days after the giving of notice of the date and place of the meeting to the stockholders.  A stockholder's notice to the Secretary shall inform as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before a special meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the special meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the special meeting, (ii) the name and record address of the stockholder proposing such business, (iii) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder and (iv) any material interest of the stockholder in such business.

Section 4.            Notice of Stockholders’ Meetings.  Written notice of each annual or special meeting signed by the President or a Vice President, or the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, or by such other person or persons as the Directors shall designate, shall be delivered personally to, or shall be mailed postage prepaid, to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting.  If mailed, the notice shall be directed to the stockholder at his address as it appears upon the records of the Corporation, and service of such notice by mail shall be complete upon such mailing, and the time of the notice shall begin to run from the date it is deposited in the mail for transmission to such stockholder.  Personal delivery of any such notice to any officer of a corporation or association, or to any member of a partnership, shall constitute delivery of such notice to such corporation, association or partnership.  All such notices shall be delivered or sent to each stockholder entitled thereto not less than ten nor more than sixty days before each annual or special meeting, and shall specify the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, the place, the day and the hour of such meeting.  The foregoing notwithstanding, any notice may be given to a stockholder, and shall be deemed effective for all purposes, to the extent such notice is given in accordance with Sections 232 (Notice of Electronic Transmission) or 233 (Notice to Stockholders Sharing an Address), as the same may hereafter be amended or replaced with a similar successor statutory provision.

Any stockholder may waive notice of any meeting by a writing signed by him, or his duly authorized attorney, either before or after the meeting.

Section 5.            Voting.  At all meetings of stockholders, every stockholder entitled to vote shall have the right to vote in person or by written proxy the number of shares standing in his own name on the stock records of the Corporation.  There shall be no cumulative voting.  Such vote may be viva voce or ballot; provided, however, that all elections for Directors must be by ballot upon demand made by a stockholder at any election and before the voting begins.

Section 6.            Quorum.  The presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote at any meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.  The stockholders present at a duly called or held meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to do business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum.

Section 7.            Ratification and Approval of Actions at Meetings.  Whenever the stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting consent, either by: (a) a writing on the records of the meeting or filed with the Secretary; (b) presence at such meeting and oral consent entered on the minutes; or (c) taking part in the deliberations at such meeting without objection; the doings of such meeting shall be as valid as if had at a meeting regularly called and noticed.  At such meeting, any business may be transacted that is not excepted from the written consent or to the consideration of which no objection for want of notice is made at the time.  If any meeting be irregular for want of notice or of such consent, provided a quorum was present at such meeting, the proceedings of the meeting may be ratified and approved and rendered likewise valid and the irregularity or defect therein waived by a writing signed by all parties having the right to vote at such meeting.  Such consent or approval of stockholders may be by proxy or attorney, but all such proxies and powers of attorney must be in writing.

Section 8.            Proxies.  At any meeting of the stockholders, any stockholder may be represented and vote by a proxy or proxies appointed by an instrument in writing, which instrument shall be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation.  In the event that any such instrument in writing shall designate two or more persons to act as proxies, a majority of such persons present at the meetings, or, if only one shall be present, then that one shall have and may exercise all of the powers conferred by such written instrument upon all of the persons so designated unless the instrument shall otherwise provide.  No such proxy shall be valid after the expiration of six months from the date of its execution, unless coupled with an interest, or unless the person executing it specifies therein the length of time for which it is to continue in force, which in no case shall exceed three years from the date of its execution.  Subject to the above, any proxy duly executed is not revoked and continues in full force and effect until an instrument revoking it or a duly executed proxy bearing a later date is filed with the Secretary of the Corporation.

 
2

 


Section 9.            Action Without a Meeting.  Any action which may be taken by the vote of stockholders at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if authorized by the written consent of stockholders holding at least a majority of the voting power; provided that if any greater proportion of voting power is required for such action at a meeting, then such greater proportion of written consents shall be required.  This general provision for action by written consent shall not supersede any specific provision for action by written consent contained in the Delaware General Corporation Law.  In no instance where action is authorized by written consent need a meeting of stockholders be called or noticed.

ARTICLE III

DIRECTORS

Section 1.            Powers.  Incorporation, these Bylaws, and the provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law as to action to be authorized or approved by the stockholders, and subject to the duties of Directors as prescribed by these Bylaws, all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the authority of, and the business and affairs of the Corporation must be managed and controlled by, the Board of Directors.  Without prejudice to such general powers, but subject to the same limitations, it is hereby expressly declared that the Directors shall have the following powers:

First.  To select and remove all officers, agents and employees of the Corporation, prescribe such powers and duties for them as may not be inconsistent with law, the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, fix their compensation and require from them security for faithful service.

Second.  To conduct, manage and control the affairs and business of the Corporation, and to make such rules and regulations therefor not inconsistent with law, the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, as they may deem best.

Third.  To change the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware from one location to another, and the registered agent in charge thereof, as provided in Article I, Section 1, hereof; to fix and locate from time to time one or more subsidiary offices of the Corporation within or without the State of Delaware, as provided in Article I, Section 2, hereof, to designate any place within or without the State of Delaware, for the holding of any stockholders' meeting or meetings; and to adopt, make and use a corporate seal, and to prescribe the forms of certificates of stock, and to alter the form of such seal and of such certificates from time to time, as in their judgment they may deem best, provided such seal and such certificates shall at all times comply with the provisions of law.

Fourth.  To authorize the issuance of shares of stock of the Corporation from time to time, upon such terms as may be lawful, in consideration of cash, services rendered, personal property, real property or leases thereof, or in the case of shares issued as a dividend, against amounts transferred from surplus to capital.

Fifth.  To borrow money and incur indebtedness for the purpose of the Corporation, and to cause to be executed and delivered therefor, in the corporate name, promissory notes, bonds, debentures, deeds of trust, mortgages, pledges, hypothecations or other evidence of debt and securities therefor.

Sixth.  To make the Bylaws of the Corporation, subject to the Bylaws, if any, adopted by the stockholders.

Seventh.  To, by resolution or resolutions passed by a majority of the whole Board, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the Directors of the Corporation, which, to the extent provided in the resolution or resolutions, shall have and may exercise the powers of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may have power to authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers on which the Corporation desires to place a seal.  Such committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.

 
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Section 2.            Number and Qualification of Directors.  The number of Directors constituting the whole Board shall be not less than one nor more than fifteen.  The first Board shall consist of two directors.  Thereafter, within the limits above specified, the number of Directors shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors or by the stockholders at the annual meeting.  All directors must be at least 18 years of age.  Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, directors need not be stockholders.

Section 3.             Election, Classification and Term of Office.  Each Director shall be elected at each annual meeting of stockholders by a plurality of votes cast at the election, but if for any reason the Directors are not elected at the annual meeting of stockholders, each Director may be elected at any special meeting of stockholders called for that purpose by a plurality of votes cast at the election.  Each Director shall hold office until his successor is elected and qualified.

In the event of any increase or decrease in the authorized number of Directors, each Director then serving as such shall nevertheless continue as a Director until the expiration of his current term, or his earlier resignation, removal from office or death.

Section 4.             Vacancies.  Vacancies in the Board of Directors may be filled by a majority of the remaining Directors, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining Director, and each Director so elected shall hold office until his successor is elected at an annual or a special meeting of the stockholders.

A vacancy or vacancies in the Board of Directors shall be deemed to exist in case of the death, resignation or removal of any Director, or if the authorized number of Directors is increased.

If the Board of Directors accepts the resignation of a Director tendered to take effect at a future time, the Board or the stockholder shall have power to elect a successor to take office when the resignation is to become effective, and such successor shall hold office during the remainder of the resigning Director's term of office.

Section 5.            Place of Meeting.  Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at any place within or without the State of Delaware as designated from time to time by resolution of the Board or by written consent of all members of the Board.  In the absence of such designation regular meetings shall be held at the principal executive office of the Corporation.  Special meetings of the Board may be held either at a place so designated or at the principal executive office.

Members of the Board, or any committee designated by the Board, may participate in a meeting of such Board or committee by means of a conference telephone network or a similar communications method by which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other.  Such participation shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.  Each person participating in such meeting shall sign the minutes thereof, which minutes may be signed in counterparts.

Section 6.             Organization Meeting.  Immediately following each annual meeting of stockholders, the Board of Directors shall hold a regular meeting for the purpose of organization, election of officers, and the transaction of other business.  Notice of such meetings is hereby dispensed with.

Section 7.             Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the Board of Directors for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board, President or by any two or more Directors.

Written notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be delivered personally to the Directors or sent to each Director by mail or other form of written communication (such as by telegraph, Federal Express package, or other similar forms of written communication), charges prepaid, addressed to him at his address as it is shown upon the records of the Corporation, or if it is not so shown on such records or is not readily ascertainable, at the place in which the meetings of the Directors are regularly held.  In case such notice is mailed or otherwise communicated in writing, it shall be deposited in the United States mail or delivered to the appropriate delivering agent at least seventy-two hours prior to the time of the holding of the meeting.  In case such notice is Personally delivered, it shall be so delivered at least twenty-four hours prior to the time of the holding of the meeting.  Such mailing, personal delivery or other written communication as above provided shall be due, legal and personal notice to such Director.

 
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Section 8.            Notice of Adjournment.  Notice of the time and place of holding an adjourned meeting need not be given to absent Directors if the time and place be fixed at the meeting adjourned.

Section 9.             Ratification and Approval.  Whenever all Directors entitled to vote at any meeting consent, either by: (a) A writing on the records of the meeting or filed with the Secretary; (b) Presence at such meeting and oral consent entered on the minutes; or (c) Taking part in the deliberations at such meeting without objection; the doings of such meeting shall be as valid as if had at a meeting regularly called and noticed.  At such meeting any business may be transacted which is not excepted from the written consent or to the consideration of which no objection for want of notice is made at the time.

If any meeting be irregular for want of notice or of such consent, provided a quorum was present at such meeting, the proceedings of the meeting may be ratified and approved and rendered likewise valid and the irregularity or defect therein waived by a writing signed by all Directors having the right to vote at such meeting.

Section 10.             Action Without a Meeting.  Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all the members of the Board or of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission and the writing or writings or electronic transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or such committee.

Section 11.             Quorum.  A majority of the authorized number of Directors shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, except to adjourn as hereinafter provided.  Every act or decision done or made by a majority of the Directors present at a meeting duly assembled at which a quorum is present shall be regarded as the act of the Board of Directors, unless a greater number be required by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation.

Section 12.             Adjournment.  A quorum of the Directors may adjourn any Directors' meeting to meet again at a stated day and hour provided, however, that in the absence of a quorum, a majority of the Directors present at any Directors' meeting, either regular or special, may adjourn from time to time until a quorum shall be present.

Section 13.              Fees and Compensation.  The Board shall have the authority to fix the compensation of Directors.  The Directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board or a stated salary as Director.  No such payment shall preclude any Director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity as an officer, agent, employee or otherwise, and receiving the compensation therefor.  Members of committees may be compensated for attending committee meetings.

Section 14.             Removal.  Any Director may be removed from office with or without cause by the vote of stockholders representing not less than two-thirds of the issued and outstanding capital stock entitled to voting power.

 
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ARTICLE IV

OFFICERS

Section 1.             Officers.  The officers of the Corporation shall be a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer.  The Corporation may also have, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, a Chief Executive Officer, a Chief financial Officer, one or more additional Vice Presidents, one or more Assistant Secretaries, one or more Assistant Treasurers, a Chairman of the Board, and such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 of this Article.  Officers other than the Chairman of the Board need not be Directors.  One person may hold two or more offices.

Section 2.             Election.  The officers of this Corporation, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 or Section 5 of this Article, shall be chosen annually the Board of Directors and each shall hold his office until he shall resign or shall be removed or otherwise disqualified to serve, or his successor shall be elected and qualified.

Section 3.             Subordinate Officers, Etc.  The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers as the business of the Corporation may require, each of whom shall hold office for such period, have such authority and perform such duties as are provided in these Bylaws or as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

Section 4.             Removal and Resignation.  Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by a majority of the Directors at the time in office.  Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board of Directors, the President or the Secretary of the Corporation.  Any such resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of such notice or at any later time specified therein; and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

Section 5.             Vacancies.  A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or any other cause shall be filled in the manner prescribed in the Bylaws for regular appointments to such office.

Section 6.              Chairman of the Board.  The Chairman of the Board, if there be such a position, shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and exercise and perform such other powers and duties as may be from time to time assigned to him by the Board of Directors or prescribed by these Bylaws.

Section 7.             Other Officers.  The other officers of the Corporation chosen by the board of directors pursuant to these Bylaws shall exercise and perform such powers and duties as the Board of Directors shall determine.

ARTICLE V

MISCELLANEOUS

Section 1.             Record Date and Closing Stock Books.  The Board of Directors may fix a day, not more than sixty (60) days prior to the holding of any meeting of stockholders, and not exceeding thirty (30) days preceding the date fixed for the payment of any dividend or distribution or for the allotment of rights, or when any change or conversion or exchange of shares shall go into effect, as a record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any such meeting, or entitled to receive any such dividend or distribution, or any such allotment of rights, or to exercise the rights in respect to any such change, conversion or exchange of shares, and in such case only stockholders of record on the date so fixed shall be entitled to notice of and to vote at such meetings, or to receive such dividend, distribution or allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares on the books of the Corporation after any record date is fixed as aforesaid.  The Board of Directors may close the books of the Corporation against transfers of shares during the whole or any part of any such period.

Section 2.             Inspection of Corporate Records.  Stockholders shall have the right to inspect such corporate records at such times and based upon such limitations of such rights as may be set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law from time to time.

Section 3.             Checks, Drafts, Etc.  All checks, drafts or other orders for payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, issued in the name of or payable to the Corporation, shall be signed or endorsed by such person or persons and in such manner as, from time to time, shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.

 
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Section 4.            Contract, Etc., How Executed.  The Board of Directors, except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws may authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents to enter into any contract, deed or lease or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances; and unless so authorized by the Board of Directors, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the Corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit to render it liable for any purpose or to any amount.

Section 5.            Certificates of Stock.  A certificate or certificates for certificated shares of the capital stock of the Corporation shall be issued to each stockholder when any such shares are fully paid up.  All such certificates shall be signed by the Chairman of the Board, President, or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer, Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or be authenticated by facsimiles of their respective signatures; provided, however, that every certificate authenticated by a facsimile of a signature must be countersigned by a transfer agent or transfer clerk, and by a registrar, which registrar cannot be the Corporation itself.

Certificates for certificated shares may be issued prior to full payment under such restrictions and for such purposes as the Board of Directors or the Bylaws may provide.

The Board of Directors is hereby authorized, pursuant to the provisions of Delaware General Corporation Law Section 158, to issue uncertificated shares of some or all of the shares of any or all of its classes or series.

Section 6.            Representation of the Shares of Other Corporation.  The President or any Vice President, and the Secretary or Assistant Secretary, of this Corporation are authorized to vote, represent and exercise on behalf of this Corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation or corporations standing in the name of this Corporation.  The authority herein granted to said officers to vote or represent on behalf of this Corporation any and all shares held by this Corporation in any other corporation or corporations may be exercised either by such officers in person or by any person authorized so to do by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by said officers.

ARTICLE VI

AMENDMENTS

Section 1.            Power of Stockholders.  New Bylaws may be adopted or these Bylaws may be amended or repealed by the vote of stockholders entitled to exercise a majority of the voting power of the Corporation or by the written assent of such stockholders.

Section 2.            Power of Directors.  Subject to the right of stockholders as provided in Section 1 of this Article VI to adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws, Bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed by the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE VII

TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

Section 1.           Validity of Contracts and Transactions.  No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its Directors or officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, firm, association, or other organization in which one or more of its Directors or officers are Directors or officers or are financially interested, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the Director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee that authorizes or approves the contract or transaction, or because their votes are counted for such purpose, provided that:

(a)           the material facts as to his, her, or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee and noted in the minutes, and the Board of Directors or committee, in good faith, authorizes the contract or transaction in good faith by the affirmative vote of a majority of disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors are less than a quorum;

 
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(b)           the material facts as to his, her, or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved or ratified in good faith by the majority of shares entitled to vote, counting the votes of the common or interested directors or officers; or

(c)           the contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized or approved.

Section 2.            Determining Quorum.  Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the board of directors or of a committee which authorizes, approves or ratifies the contract or transaction.

ARTICLE VIII

INSURANCE AND OTHER FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS

The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance or make other financial arrangements on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a Director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise for any liability asserted against him and liability and expenses incurred by him in his capacity as a Director, officer, employee or agent, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the Corporation has the authority to indemnify him against such liability and expenses.  The insurance or other financial arrangements may be provided by the Corporation or by any other person or entity approved by the Board of Directors including a subsidiary of the corporation.

Such other financial arrangements made by the Corporation may include the following:

(a)           The creation of a trust fund;

(b)           The establishment of a program of self-insurance;

(c)           The securing of its obligation of indemnification by granting a security interest or other lien on any assets of the Corporation; or

(d)           The establishment of a letter of credit, guaranty or surety.  No financial arrangement may provide protection for a person adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, to be liable for intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of law, except with respect to the advancement of expenses or indemnification ordered by a court as provided in Article IX hereof.

ARTICLE IX

INDEMNIFICATION

Section 1.            Action Not By Or On Behalf Of Corporation.  The Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that he is or was a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), fees, judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement, actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful.  The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent does not, of itself, create an presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

 
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Section 2.            Action By Or On Behalf Of Corporation.  The Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise against expenses, including amounts paid in settlement and attorneys' fees actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of the action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, except that indemnification may not be made for any claim, issue or matter as to which such a person shall have been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, to be liable to the Corporation or for amounts paid in settlement to the Corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action or suit was brought or other court of competent jurisdiction determines upon application that, in view of all of the circumstances of the case, the person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the court deems proper.

Section 3.             Successful Defense.  To the extent that a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in Section 1 or 2 of this Article IX, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he must be indemnified by the Corporation against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense.

Section 4.             Determination Of Right To Indemnification In Certain Circumstances.  Any indemnification under Section I or 2 of this Article IX, unless ordered by a court or advanced pursuant to this Article IX, must be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the Director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances.  The determination must be made by the Stockholders, the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of Directors who were not parties to the act, suit or proceeding, or if a majority vote of a quorum of Directors who were not parties to the act, suit or proceeding so orders, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or if a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the act, suit or proceeding cannot be obtained, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion.

Section 5.            Advance Payment of Expenses.  Expenses of officers and Directors incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding must be paid by the Corporation as they are incurred and in advance of the final disposition of the action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the Director or officer to repay the amount if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article.  The provisions of this subsection (5) of this Article IX shall not affect any rights to advancement of expenses to which corporate personnel other than Directors or officers may be entitled under any contract or otherwise by law.

Section 6.            Not Exclusive.

(a)           The indemnification and advancement of expenses authorized in or ordered by a court pursuant to any other section of this Article IX or any provision of law:

(i)           does not exclude any other rights to which a person seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under the Certificate of Incorporation or any statute, bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested Directors or otherwise, for either an action in his official capacity or an action in another capacity while holding his office, except that indemnification, unless ordered by a court pursuant to subsection 2 of this Article IX or for the advancement of expenses made pursuant to this Article IX may not be made to or on behalf of any Director or officer if a final adjudication establishes that his acts or omissions involved intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of the law and was material to the cause of action; and

(ii)           continues for a person who has ceased to be a Director, officer, employee or agent and inures to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

 
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(b)           Without limiting the foregoing, the Corporation is authorized to enter into an agreement with any Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation providing indemnification for such person against expenses, including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement that result from any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, including any action by or in the right of the Corporation, that arises by reason of the fact that such person is or was a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, to the full extent allowed by law, except that no such agreement shall provide for indemnification for any actions that constitute intentional misconduct, fraud, or a knowing violation of law and was material to the cause of action.

Section 7.           Certain Definitions.  For the purposes of this Article IX, (a) any Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation who shall serve as a director, officer, employee or agent of any other corporation, joint venture, trust or other enterprise of which the Corporation, directly or indirectly, is or was a stockholder or creditor, or in which the Corporation is or was in any way interested, or (b) any Director, officer, employee or agent of any subsidiary corporation, joint venture, trust or other enterprise wholly owned by the Corporation, shall be deemed to be serving as such Director, officer, employee or agent at the request of the Corporation, unless the Board of Directors of the Corporation shall determine otherwise.  In all other instances where any person shall serve as director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, joint venture, trust or other enterprise of which the Corporation is or was a stockholder or creditor, or in which it is or was otherwise interested, if it is not otherwise established that such person is or was serving as such director, officer, employee or agent at the request of the Corporation, the Board of Directors of the Corporation may determine whether such service is or was at the request of the Corporation, and it shall not be necessary to show any actual or prior request for such service.  For purposes of this Article IX references to a corporation include all constituent corporations absorbed in a consolidation or merger as well as the resulting or surviving corporation so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such a constituent corporation or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, joint venture, trust or other enterprise shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article IX with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would if he had served the resulting or surviving corporation in the same capacity.  For purposes of this Article IX, references to "other enterprises" shall include employee benefit plans; references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to "serving at the request of the corporation" shall include any service as a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such Director, officer, employee, or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants, or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner "not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation" as referred to in this Article IX.
 
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Exhibit 10.9
 
OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
 
Restricted Stock Agreement
 

 
Name of Recipient:
 
Number of shares of restricted common stock awarded:
 
Grant Date:
 

 
Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) has selected you (the “Recipient”) to receive the restricted stock award described above, which is subject to the provisions of the Company’s 1999 Amended Stock Plan (the “Plan”) and the terms and conditions contained in this Restricted Stock Agreement (the “Agreement”).  Please confirm your acceptance of this restricted stock award and of the terms and conditions of this Agreement by signing a copy of this Agreement where indicated below.
 
 
OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
 
       
 
By:
   
    Name:  
    Title:  
       
 
Accepted and Agreed:


__________________________
[Name of Recipient]

 
 

 

OXYGEN BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

Restricted Stock Agreement
 

The terms and conditions of the award of shares of restricted common stock of the Company (the “Restricted Shares”) made to the Recipient, as set forth on the cover page of this Agreement, are as follows:
 
1.             Provisions of the Plan .
 
This Agreement is subject to the provisions of the Plan, a copy of which is furnished to the Recipient with this Agreement.  Capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan.
 
2.             Issuance of Restricted Shares .
 
(a)            The Restricted Shares are issued to the Recipient, effective as of the Grant Date (as set forth on the cover page of this Agreement), in consideration of the director, employment or consulting services rendered and to be rendered by the Recipient to the Company.
 
(b)            As promptly as practicable following the Grant Date, the Company shall issue one or more certificates in the name of the Recipient for the Restricted Shares.  Such certificate(s) shall initially be held on behalf of the Recipient by the Secretary of the Company. Following the vesting of any Restricted Shares pursuant to Section 3, below, the Secretary shall, if requested by the Recipient, deliver to the Recipient a certificate representing the vested shares.
 
(c)            In lieu of the procedure in Section 1(b), at the Company’s option, the Restricted Shares may be transferred electronically by the Treasurer of the Company to the Company’s transfer agent to hold as custodian on behalf of Recipient in the transfer agent’s restricted stock ledger.  Following the vesting of any Restricted Shares pursuant to Section 3 below, the Treasurer shall notify the transfer agent to transfer such vested shares from its restricted stock ledger to its general stock ledger.
 
(d)            The Recipient agrees that until vested, the Restricted Shares shall be subject to the forfeiture provisions set forth in Section 4 of this Agreement and the restrictions on transfer set forth in Section 6 of this Agreement.
 
(e)            All certificates representing unvested Restricted Shares shall have affixed thereto a legend in substantially the following form, in addition to any other legends that may be required under applicable law.
 
 “These shares of stock are subject to forfeiture provisions and restrictions on transfer set forth in a certain Restricted Stock Agreement between Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the “Corporation”) and the registered owner of these shares (or his or her predecessor in interest), and such Agreement is available for inspection without charge at the office of the Secretary of the Corporation.”
 

 
 

 

 
3.             Vesting .  Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement or the Plan, the Restricted Shares shall vest in accordance with the following vesting schedule:  one fourth (1/4) of the Restricted Shares shall vest on the 1 st day of each fiscal quarter following the Grant Date.  
 
4.             Forfeiture of Unvested Restricted Shares Upon Cessation of Relationship .
 
In the event that the Recipient ceases to have a director, employment or consulting relationship with the Company for any reason or no reason, with or without cause, all of the Restricted Shares that are unvested as of the time of such cessation shall be forfeited immediately and automatically to the Company without the payment of any consideration to the Recipient, effective as of the date of cessation of the director, employment or consulting relationship.  The Recipient hereby authorizes the Company to take any actions necessary or appropriate to cancel any certificate(s) representing forfeited Restricted Shares and transfer ownership of such forfeited Restricted Shares to the Company, and if the Company or its transfer agent requires an executed stock power or similar confirmatory instrument in connection with such cancellation and transfer, the Recipient shall promptly execute and deliver the same to the Company.  The Recipient shall have no further rights with respect to any Restricted Shares that are so forfeited.  If the Recipient is employed by a Subsidiary, any references in this Agreement to employment with the Company shall instead be deemed to refer to employment with the Subsidiary.
 
5.             Change of Control .  Except as otherwise provided by the Board of Directors of the Company, in its discretion, prior to the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined in the Plan), any Restricted Shares outstanding on the date such Change in Control is determined to have occurred that are not yet vested on such date shall become fully vested.
 
6.             Restrictions on Transfer .
 
The Recipient shall not sell, assign, transfer, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of, by operation of law or otherwise (collectively “transfer”) any Restricted Shares, or any interest therein, until such Restricted Shares have vested, except that the Recipient may transfer  Restricted Shares: (a) to or for the benefit of any Family Member as such term is defined in the Plan, provided that such Restricted Shares shall remain subject to this Agreement (including without limitation the forfeiture provisions set forth in Section 4 and the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section 6) and such permitted transferee shall, as a condition to such transfer, deliver to the Company a written instrument confirming that such transferee shall be bound by all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement; or (b) as part of the sale of all or substantially all of the shares of capital stock of the Company (including pursuant to a merger or consolidation).  The Company shall not be required: (a) to transfer on its books any of the Restricted Shares which have been transferred in violation of any of the provisions of this Agreement; or (b) to treat as owner of such Restricted Shares or to pay dividends to any transferee to whom such Restricted Shares have been transferred in violation of any of the provisions of this Agreement.
 

 
 

 

7.             Rights as a Shareholder.
 
Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, for so long as the Recipient is the registered owner of the Restricted Shares, the Recipient shall have all rights as a shareholder with respect to the Restricted Shares, whether vested or unvested, including, without limitation, any rights to vote the Restricted Shares and act in respect of the Restricted Shares at any meeting of shareholders and to receive dividends and distributions with respect to such Restricted Shares; provided, however, that if any such dividends or distributions are paid in shares, or consist of a dividend or distribution to holders of Common Stock other than an ordinary cash dividend, the shares, cash or other property will be subject to the same restrictions on transferability and forfeitability as the Restricted Shares with respect to which they were paid.  Each dividend payment will be made no later than the end of the calendar year in which the dividends are paid to shareholders of that class of stock or, if later, the 15 th day of the third month following the date the dividends are paid to shareholders of that class of stock.
 
8.             Tax Matters .
 
(a)             Acknowledgments .  The Recipient acknowledges that he or she is responsible for obtaining the advice of his or her own tax advisors with respect to the acquisition of the Restricted Shares and the Recipient is relying solely on such advisors and not on any statements or representations of the Company or any of its agents with respect to the tax consequences relating to the Restricted Shares. The Recipient understands that the Recipient (and not the Company) shall be responsible for the Recipient’s tax liability that may arise in connection with the acquisition, vesting and/or disposition of the Restricted Shares.
 
(b)             Section 83(b) Election; Withholding .  Upon grant of the Restricted Shares, the Recipient may elect to be taxed with respect to such award under Section 83(b) of the Code by filing an appropriate election form with the Internal Revenue Service within thirty (30) days of the grant of the Restricted Shares, in accordance with applicable Treasury Regulations.  If the Company is required by federal, state, or local law to withhold from the Recipient taxes of any kind with respect to the Restricted Shares, the Recipient will, no later than the date as of which any amount related to the Restricted Shares first becomes includable in Recipient’s gross income for federal income tax purposes, pay to the Company any such federal, state and local taxes (or make other arrangements satisfactory to the Committee regarding such payment).  The obligations of the Company under this Agreement will be conditional on such payment or arrangements, as applicable, and the Company may, to the extent permitted by law, deduct any such taxes from any payment of any kind otherwise due to the Recipient.
 
9.             Miscellaneous .
 
(a)              Authority of the Board .  In making any decisions or taking any actions with respect to the matters covered by this Agreement, the Board of Directors of the Company or a designated committee of the Board (collectively, the “Board”) shall have all of the authority,  discretion, and protections provided for in the Plan.  All decisions and actions by the Board with respect to this Agreement shall be made in the Board’s discretion and shall be final and binding on the Recipient.
 

 
 

 

(b)             No Right to Continued Relationship .  The Recipient acknowledges and agrees that, notwithstanding the fact that the vesting of the Restricted Shares is contingent upon his or her continued relationship with the Company as a director, employee or consultant, this Agreement does not constitute an express or implied promise of such a continued relationship or confer upon the Recipient any rights with respect to such a continued relationship.
 
(c)             Governing Law .  This Agreement shall be construed, interpreted and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of North Carolina without regard to any applicable conflicts of laws provisions.
 
(d)             Securities Matters .                                The Recipient agrees to make or enter into such written representations, warranties, and agreements relating to the Restricted Shares as the Board may reasonably request in order to comply with applicable securities laws.
 
(e)             Recipient’s Acknowledgments .  The Recipient acknowledges that he or she has read this Agreement, has received and read the Plan, and understands the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Plan.
 

EXHIBIT 31.1
 
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Michael B. Jebsen, certify that:
 
1.   
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc.;
 
2.   
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.   
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.   
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a)   
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b)   
designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c)   
evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d)   
disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.   
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a)   
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b)   
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: December 15, 2011  
  / s/ Michael B. Jebsen  
    Michael B. Jebsen  
    Interim Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Financial Officer  
    (Principal Executive Officer)  
 
EXHIBIT 32.1
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended October 31, 2011 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Michael B. Jebsen, Interim Chief Executive Officer, Secretary and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
Date: December 15, 2011  
 
/s/ Michael B. Jebsen  
    Michael B. Jebsen,  
    Interim Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Financial Officer  
    (Principal Executive Officer)  
 
The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing