PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES INC (Form: 10-K, Received: 09/27/2013 16:31:31)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10 - K

þ	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013

o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to __________

Commission file number: 001-15543

PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		95-4078884
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4B Cedar Brook Drive Cranbury, New Jersey		08512
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(609) 495-2200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class		Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share		NYSE MKT

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No þ

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer	o	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	þ
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates, computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter (December 31, 2012): $23,096,569.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date (September 26, 2013): 39,191,655.

PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC .

Table of Contents

		Page
PART I
Item 1.	Business		3
Item 1A.	Risk Factors		13
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments		23
Item 2.	Properties		23
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings		23
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures		23
PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities		24
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data		24
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		25
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		28
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data		29
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure		48
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures		48
Item 9B.	Other Information		48
PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance		49
Item 11.	Executive Compensation		53
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters		59
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence		64
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services		64
PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules		65

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS.

Forward-looking statements

Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this Annual Report), as well as oral statements that may be made by us or by our officers, directors, or employees acting on our behalf, that are not historical facts constitute “forward-looking statements,” which are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act). The forward-looking statements in this Annual Report do not constitute guarantees of future performance. Investors are cautioned that statements which are not strictly historical statements contained in this Annual Report, including, without limitation, current or future financial performance, management’s plans and objectives for future operations, ability to raise capital or repay debt, if required, clinical trials and results, uncertainties associated with product research and development, product plans and performance, management’s assessment of market factors, as well as statements regarding our strategy and plans and those of our strategic partners, constitute forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results to be materially different from our historical results or from any results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Our future operating results are subject to risks and uncertainties and are dependent upon many factors, including, without limitation, the risks identified under the caption “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report, as well as in our other Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings.

In this Annual Report, references to “we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company” or “Palatin” means Palatin Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiary.

Overview

We are a biopharmaceutical company developing targeted, receptor-specific peptide therapeutics for the treatment of diseases with significant unmet medical need and commercial potential. Our programs are based on molecules that modulate the activity of the melanocortin and natriuretic peptide receptor systems. Our primary product in clinical development is bremelanotide for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction (FSD). In addition, we have drug candidates or development programs for obesity, erectile dysfunction, pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases, dermatologic diseases and inflammatory diseases.

The following drug development programs are actively under development:

●	Bremelanotide, an on-demand subcutaneous injectable peptide melanocortin receptor agonist, for treatment of FSD. Bremelanotide is scheduled to start Phase 3 clinical trials in the first quarter of calendar 2014.

●	Melanocortin receptor-based compounds for treatment of obesity, under development by AstraZeneca AB (AstraZeneca) pursuant to our research collaboration and license agreement.

●	PL-3994, a peptide mimetic natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) agonist, for treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary indications.

●	Melanocortin receptor-1 agonist (MC1R) peptides, for treatment of dermatologic and inflammatory disease indications.

●	The following chart shows the status of our drug development programs.

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Key elements of our business strategy include: using our technology and expertise to develop and commercialize innovative therapeutic products; entering into alliances and partnerships with pharmaceutical companies to facilitate the development, manufacture, marketing, sale and distribution of product candidates that we are developing; and partially funding our product development programs with the cash flow generated from our license agreement with AstraZeneca and any other companies.

We incorporated in Delaware in 1986 and commenced operations in the biopharmaceutical area in 1996. Our corporate offices are located at 4B Cedar Brook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512 and our telephone number is (609) 495-2200. We maintain an Internet site at http://www.palatin.com, where among other things, we make available free of charge on and through this website our Forms 3, 4 and 5, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) and Section 16 of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Our website and the information contained in it or connected to it are not incorporated into this Annual Report.

Melanocortin Receptor-Specific Programs

The melanocortin system is involved in a large and diverse number of physiologic functions, and therapeutic agents modulating this system may have the potential to treat a variety of conditions and diseases, including sexual dysfunction, obesity and related disorders, pigmentation disorders and inflammation-related diseases.

Bremelanotide for Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD). We are developing subcutaneously administered bremelanotide for the treatment of FSD in premenopausal women. Bremelanotide, which is a melanocortin agonist (a compound which binds to a cell receptor and activates a response), is a synthetic peptide analog of the naturally occurring hormone alpha-MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone). We have completed a Phase 2B clinical trial and end-of-Phase 2 meeting with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and are planning to start pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials in the first quarter of calendar 2014.

Ongoing Clinical Trials and Clinical Plans. The Phase 2B clinical trial was a multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel group, dose-finding trial testing three dose levels of subcutaneously administered bremelanotide in premenopausal women diagnosed with female sexual arousal disorder and/or hypoactive sexual desire disorder. The study enrolled premenopausal women across 66 sites within the United States and Canada, with patients randomized to one of three treatment arms and a placebo arm for 16 weeks of treatment. The objective of the Phase 2B trial was to measure safety and efficacy of subcutaneous doses intended for on-demand, home use. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline to end of study in the number of satisfying sexual events.

In the Phase 2B clinical trial, the primary endpoint data analysis of 327 pre-menopausal women with female sexual arousal disorder and/or hypoactive sexual desire disorder showed statistically significant increases in the number of satisfying sexual events, and statistically significant improvement in measures of overall sexual functioning and distress related to sexual dysfunction, for women taking bremelanotide compared to placebo. Bremelanotide was well-tolerated during the trial. The most common types of treatment-emergent adverse events reported more frequently in the bremelanotide arms were facial flushing, nausea and emesis, which were mainly mild-to-moderate in severity. Adverse events that most commonly led to discontinuation were nausea and emesis. No serious adverse events were attributable to bremelanotide during the trial.

In the end-of-Phase 2 meeting with the FDA on bremelanotide for FSD we reached preliminary agreement on key aspects of Phase 3 pivotal registration studies, including FSD patient population, primary and key secondary efficacy endpoints, general study design, dose selection and safety monitoring. In addition, the FDA agreed that the Phase 2 data adequately characterized blood pressure and heart rate signals of bremelanotide, and that standardized methods for in-clinic assessment of blood pressure would be sufficient for Phase 3. Based upon the discussions with the FDA, we have completed protocols for the pivotal Phase 3 studies and are manufacturing drug product for clinical trial use and entering into agreements with clinical research organizations and others for Phase 3 studies.

The Phase 3 clinical study program will be conducted in premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, either with or without arousal difficulties, and will include two pivotal placebo-controlled, randomized parallel group trials each in 600 evaluable patients with two arms, one a fixed bremelanotide dose and one placebo. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder is the single largest specific diagnosis in FSD. We will also conduct open-label safety extension, drug interaction and other ancillary studies. The Phase 3 studies, which will be conducted in North America, will utilize a single-dose autoinjector intended for commercialization. It is anticipated that the Phase 3 program will take at least fifteen to eighteen months from initiation of patient dosing through database lock. Following database lock, clinical trial data will be analyzed and, assuming the data supports approval of bremelanotide for FSD, a New Drug Application (NDA) will be submitted to FDA. There can be no assurance that the Phase 3 data will support approval of bremelanotide for FSD or that the FDA will approve an NDA for bremelanotide.

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Medical Need - FSD. FSD is a multifactorial condition that has anatomical, physiological, medical, psychological and social components. FSD includes four disorders, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, sexual pain disorder and orgasmic disorder. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder, either with or without arousal difficulties, is the largest single category of FSD. To establish a diagnosis of FSD, these syndromes must be associated with personal distress, as determined by the affected women. The 2006 PRESIDE study, a cross-sectional, population-based survey of 31,581 female adult respondents in the United States, found that approximately 43% of women have symptoms associated with FSD, with up to about 22% having associated personal distress.

There are no drugs approved for FSD indications in the United States.

Subcutaneous Bremelanotide. Bremelanotide, which is believed to act through activation of melanocortin receptors in the central nervous system, is a first-in-class pharmaceutical agent in development as a treatment of FSD.

Bremelanotide is intended for “on-demand” use and is self-administered by the patient approximately one hour prior to anticipated sexual activity. We have selected a simple and patient-friendly single dose, disposable auto-injector device which will be used in Phase 3 clinical trials and is intended for commercialization.

Prior Clinical Trials with Subcutaneous Administration. We have completed several Phase 1 clinical studies in which various safety parameters, including blood pressure effects of subcutaneously administered bremelanotide, were studied. Based in part on these studies, our Phase 2B clinical trial assessed the magnitude and duration of blood pressure effect, and determined that subcutaneous administration of selected doses of bremelanotide for treatment of FSD in premenopausal women provides acceptable control of blood pressure effects.

Clinical Trials with Intranasal Formulations. While we are no longer developing intranasal formulations of bremelanotide for commercialization, trials with intranasal formulations of bremelanotide did demonstrate potential utility of bremelanotide. Preliminary Phase 2A clinical trials of FSD patients showed statistically significant increases in the level of sexual desire and genital arousal in post-menopausal subjects receiving nasal bremelanotide and increases in the level of sexual desire and genital arousal in premenopausal subjects receiving nasal bremelanotide, although interpretation of results with premenopausal subjects was confounded by a significant placebo effect, which is often seen in such studies. Phase 2B double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel doses clinical trials evaluating intranasal bremelanotide for erectile dysfunction (ED), conducted in 726 non-diabetic and 294 diabetic patients, showed that over 30% of ED patients were restored to a normal level of function. In trials conducted to date, over 2,500 subjects in 31 completed clinical studies received at least one dose of bremelanotide, with over 1,500 receiving multiple doses.

Next Generation Melanocortin Receptor-4 (MC4R) Peptide Agonists. We have developed a series of next generation highly selective MC4R peptides. In developing these peptides, we examined effectiveness in animal models of sexual response and also determined cardiovascular effects, primarily looking at changes in blood pressure. Results of these studies suggest that certain of these peptides may have significant commercial potential for treatment of conditions responsive to MC4R, including FSD and ED. We are engaged in preclinical activities with these peptides, and are evaluating potential pharmaceutical applications.

Obesity. In 2007, we entered into an exclusive research collaboration and license agreement with AstraZeneca to discover, develop and commercialize compounds that target melanocortin receptors for the treatment of obesity, diabetes and related metabolic syndrome. In June and December 2008 and in September 2009, the agreement was amended to include additional compounds and associated intellectual property that we developed and to modify royalty rates and milestone payments. Active work under the collaboration portion of the agreement concluded in January 2010.

AstraZeneca initiated human clinical studies with AZD2820, a subcutaneously-administered peptide melanocortin receptor partial agonist that was being developed as a single-agent therapy for the treatment of obesity, but discontinued development after a Phase 1 clinical trial of AZD2820 was halted following a serious adverse event. Based on an investigation, it could not be excluded that the serious adverse event was linked to AZD2820, but it was determined that it was unlikely that the serious adverse event was related to melanocortin agonists as a target for treatment of obesity. AstraZeneca has a number of collaboration compounds in various stages of preclinical testing, and is evaluating its program and next steps. No assurance can be given that AstraZeneca will continue to develop compounds that target melanocortin receptors for the treatment of obesity, diabetes and related metabolic syndrome, or that AstraZeneca will be successful in developing any such compound.

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Obesity is a multifactorial condition with numerous biochemical components relating to satiety (feeling full), energy utilization and homeostasis. A number of different metabolic and hormonal pathways are being evaluated by companies around the world in efforts to develop better treatments for obesity. Scientific research has established that melanocortin receptors have a role in eating behavior and energy homeostasis, and that melanocortin receptor agonists can decrease food intake and induce weight loss.

Our agreement with AstraZeneca remains in effect as long as AstraZeneca is developing a compound covered by the agreement or commercializing a product for which a royalty is owed. The agreement may be terminated by AstraZeneca at any time upon notice to us, or by either party upon notice in the event of a material breach. Upon termination by AstraZeneca without cause or by us for cause, all rights and licenses we granted to AstraZeneca terminate, but AstraZeneca remains obligated to pay royalties and milestones on compounds developed during the collaboration portion of the agreement. In the event AstraZeneca terminates the agreement because we breached the agreement, rights and licenses we granted under the agreement become permanent, with financial terms, including royalties, to be determined by arbitration.

We have received up-front and other licensing payments totaling $15 million from AstraZeneca under the agreement. We are eligible for milestone payments totaling up to $145 million, with up to $85 million contingent upon development and regulatory milestones and the balance on achievement of sales targets, plus mid to high single digit royalties on sales of approved products. AstraZeneca has responsibility for product commercialization, product discovery and development costs.

Melanocortin Receptor-1 (MC1R) Peptide Agonists. We have initiated preclinical studies with MC1R peptide drug candidates for a number of indications, primarily dermatologic and inflammatory disease related. The MC1R is implicated in a number of diseases, including inflammatory indications such as inflammatory bowel disease and nephritis, dermatologic indications such as vitiligo and erythropoietic protoporphyria, and ocular indications such as uveitis and dry eye. We are conducting animal studies for a number of different indications, and if these efforts are successful, intend to select one or more clinical development candidates and indications during the current fiscal year. We will then start preclinical toxicology and other studies preparatory to filing an Investigational New Drug (IND) application with FDA.

Other Melanocortin Programs. We are continuing drug discovery efforts in the melanocortin field, primarily developing peptide compounds, including highly selective MC1R agonists and peptides specific for MC4R, including both agonists and antagonists.

Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-Specific Programs

The natriuretic peptide receptor system has numerous cardiovascular functions, and therapeutic agents modulating this system may be useful in treatment of acute asthma, other pulmonary diseases, heart failure and hypertension. While the therapeutic potential of modulating this system is well appreciated, development of therapeutic agents has been difficult due, in part, to the short biological half-life of native peptide agonists.

PL-3994. PL-3994 is a synthetic mimetic of the neuropeptide hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and is a natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) agonist. PL-3994 is in development for treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma, heart failure and refractory hypertension. PL-3994 activates NPR-A, a receptor known to play a role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Consistent with being an NPR-A agonist, PL-3994 increases plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, a pharmacological response consistent with the effects of endogenous (naturally produced) natriuretic peptides on cardiovascular function and smooth muscle relaxation. PL-3994 also decreases activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. The RAAS system is frequently over-activated in heart failure patients, leading to worsening of cardiovascular function.

PL-3994 is one of a number of natriuretic peptide receptor agonist compounds we have developed. PL-3994 is a synthetic molecule incorporating a novel and proprietary amino acid mimetic structure, and has an extended circulation half-life compared to endogenous ANP.

PL-3994 for Acute Exacerbations of Asthma. Research over the past two decades has demonstrated potent bronchodilator effects with both systemic and inhalation administration of natriuretic peptides. NPR-A agonism is known to relax smooth muscles in airways and works through a pathway independent of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor. Preclinical testing demonstrated potent airway smooth muscle relaxation in guinea pig and human tissues using PL-3994, and animal studies in sensitized guinea pigs have demonstrated a bronchodilator effect with PL-3994 using both subcutaneous and inhalation administration.

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Acute exacerbations of asthma, also called acute severe asthma, is an ongoing, unremitting asthma episode in which asthma symptoms do not adequately respond to initial bronchodilator therapy. Inhaled beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, such as albuterol, inhaled anticholinergic drugs, such as ipratropium, and systemic corticosteroids are primary treatments for episodes of acute exacerbations of asthma. Some patients with acute exacerbations of asthma become unresponsive to beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, significantly limiting treatment options and increasing risk. Patients who do not respond to initial therapy are at risk of severe complications. We intend to initially target PL-3994 as a treatment for those at-risk unresponsive patients.

Emergency room visits and hospitalizations due to asthma have remained stable from 2001 to 2009, with almost 1.7 million emergency room visits and 440,000 hospitalizations attributed to asthma in 2006. In 2008, approximately 23.3 million Americans had asthma, with a projected 2010 economic cost in the United States of $20.7 billion, of which the largest single direct medical expenditure, $5.9 billion, is for prescription drugs.

Endogenous natriuretic peptides have a very short half-life, due primarily to degradation by neutral endopeptidase and clearance through the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor. PL-3994 is resistant to neutral endopeptidase and clears from the body much more slowly than endogenous natriuretic peptides. PL-3994 has a blood-plasma half-life of at least three hours in humans when administered by subcutaneous injection, with biological effects seen for over eight hours post-administration.

We are exploring development of an inhalation formulation of PL-3994, including preclinical inhalation and other studies that are required to start clinical trials with an inhaled formulation of PL-3994.

PL-3994 for Heart Failure. Heart failure is an illness in which the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, and includes acutely decompensated heart failure with dyspnea (shortness of breath) at rest or with minimal activity. Endogenous natriuretic peptides have a number of beneficial effects, including vasodilation (relaxation of blood vessels), natriuresis (excretion of sodium), and diuresis (excretion of fluids).

Patients who have been admitted to the hospital with an episode of worsening heart failure have an increased risk of either death or hospital readmission in the three months following discharge. Up to 15% of patients die in this period and as many as 30% need to be readmitted to the hospital. We believe that decreasing mortality and hospital readmission in patients discharged following hospitalization for worsening heart failure is a large unmet medical need for which PL-3994 may be effective. PL-3994 could potentially be utilized as an adjunct to existing heart failure medications, and may, if successfully developed, be self-administered by patients as a subcutaneous injection following hospital discharge. We believe that PL-3994, through activation of NPR-A, may, if successful, reduce cardiac hypertrophy (increase in heart size due to disease), which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Over 5.7 million Americans suffer from heart failure, with 670,000 new cases of heart failure diagnosed each year, with disease incidence expected to increase with the aging of the American population. Despite the treatment of heart failure with multiple drugs, almost all heart failure patients will experience at least one episode of acute heart failure that requires treatment with intravenous medications in the hospital. Heart failure has tremendous human and financial costs. For 2010 the estimated direct costs in the United States for heart failure were $39.2 billion, with heart failure constituting the leading cause of hospitalization in people over 65 years of age and with over 1.1 million hospital discharges for heart failure in 2006. Heart failure is also a high mortality disease, with approximately one-half of heart failure patients dying within five years of initial diagnosis.

We have planned a repeat dose Phase 2 clinical trial in patients hospitalized with heart failure to evaluate safety profiles in patients given repeat doses of PL-3994 as well as pharmacokinetic (period to metabolize or excrete the drug) and pharmacodynamic (period of action or effect of the drug) endpoints, but do not presently intend to initiate this trial unless we reach agreement with a partner to develop PL-3994 for this indication.

Clinical Studies with PL-3994. Human clinical studies of PL-3994 commenced with a Phase 1 trial which concluded in 2008. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 26 healthy volunteers who received either PL-3994 or a placebo subcutaneously. The evaluations included safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and several pharmacodynamic endpoints, including levels of cGMP, a natural messenger nucleotide. Dosing concluded with the successful achievement of the primary endpoint of the study, a prespecified reduction in systemic blood pressure. No volunteer experienced a serious or severe adverse event. Elevations in plasma cGMP levels, increased diuresis and increased natriuresis were all observed for several hours after single subcutaneous doses.

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Later in 2008, we conducted a Phase 2A trial in volunteers with controlled hypertension who were receiving one or more conventional antihypertensive medications. In this trial, which was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose study in 21 volunteers, the objective was to demonstrate that PL-3994 can be given safely to patients taking antihypertensive medications commonly used in heart failure and hypertension patients. Dosing concluded with the successful achievement of the primary endpoint of the study, a prespecified reduction in systemic blood pressure. No volunteer experienced a serious or severe adverse event. Elevations in plasma cGMP levels were observed for several hours after single subcutaneous doses.

Administration of PL-3994. For asthma indications we believe that inhalation administration of PL-3994 may be preferable to subcutaneous or other systemic administration. For heart failure and refractory hypertension indications we believe that subcutaneous administration of PL-3994 may be preferable. PL-3994 is well absorbed through the subcutaneous route of administration. In human studies, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic half-lives were on the order of hours, significantly longer than the comparable half-lives of endogenous natriuretic peptides. We believe that subcutaneous PL-3994, if successful, will be amenable to self-administration by patients, similar to insulin and other self-administered drugs.

Technologies We Use

We used a rational drug design approach to discover and develop proprietary peptide, peptide mimetic and small molecule agonist compounds, focusing on melanocortin and natriuretic peptide receptor systems. Computer-aided drug design models of receptors are optimized based on experimental results obtained with peptides and small molecules that we develop, supported by conformational analyses of peptides in solution utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. By integrating both technologies, we believe we are developing an advanced understanding of the factors which drive agonism.

We have developed a series of proprietary technologies used in our drug development programs. One technology employs novel amino acid mimetics in place of selected amino acids. These mimetics provide the receptor-binding functions of conventional amino acids while providing structural, functional and physiochemical advantages. The amino acid mimetic technology is employed in PL-3994, our compound in development for treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma, heart failure and refractory hypertension.

Some compound series have been derived using our proprietary and patented platform technology, called MIDAS™ ( M etal I on-induced D istinctive A rray of S tructures). This technology employs metal ions to fix the three-dimensional configuration of peptides, forming conformationally rigid molecules that remain folded specifically in their active state. These MIDAS molecules are generally simple to synthesize, are chemically and proteolytically stable, and have the potential to be orally bioavailable. In addition, MIDAS molecules are information-rich and provide data on structure-activity relationships that may be used to design small molecule, non-peptide drugs.

Estimate of Amount Spent on Research and Development Activities

Research and development expenses were $10.5 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013 (fiscal 2013) and $13.8 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2012 (fiscal 2012), of which $0.01 and $0.1 million, respectively, were borne by AstraZeneca pursuant to the research collaboration and license agreement.

Competition

General. Our products under development will compete on the basis of quality, performance, cost effectiveness and application suitability with numerous established products and technologies. We have many competitors, including pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Furthermore, there are several well-established products in our target markets that we will have to compete against. Products using new technologies which may be competitive with our proposed products may also be introduced by others. Most of the companies selling or developing competitive products have financial, technological, manufacturing and distribution resources significantly greater than ours and may represent significant competition for us.

The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are characterized by extensive research efforts and rapid technological change. Many biopharmaceutical companies have developed or are working to develop products similar to ours or that address the same markets. Such companies may succeed in developing technologies and products that are more effective or less costly than any of those that we may develop. Such companies may be more successful than us in developing, manufacturing and marketing products.

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We cannot guarantee that we will be able to compete successfully in the future or that developments by others will not render our proposed products under development or any future product candidates obsolete or non-competitive or that our collaborators or customers will not choose to use competing technologies or products.

Bremelanotide for Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction. There is competition and financial incentive to develop, market and sell drugs for the treatment of FSD, for which there is no approved drug in the United States. We are not aware of any drug in clinical trials for FSD which is on-demand, taken in conjunction with anticipated sexual activity. We are aware of several drugs at various stages of development which are taken on a chronic, typically once-daily, basis. Flibanserin, a non-hormone oral drug, has been investigated for treatment of premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Development of this drug was terminated following failure of the FDA to approve the drug for marketing. However, this drug has been licensed to a third party, which has announced it has resubmitted an NDA to the FDA and expects FDA action before the end of 2013. An oral fixed-dose combination of two antidepressants, bupropion and trazodone, is reported to be entering Phase 2 studies in premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Another company is developing two different oral fixed-dose combination drugs, one a combination of sildenafil and testosterone and the other a combination of testosterone and buspirone hydrochloride, and is conducting Phase 2 studies in premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. A drug utilizing a testosterone transdermal patch completed two Phase 3 efficacy trials for treatment of FSD in surgically post-menopausal women, but did not show statistical separation from placebo in those trials. It is not known whether this drug is still in development. There are other companies reported to be developing new drugs for FSD indications, some of which may be in clinical trials in the United States or elsewhere. We are not aware of any company actively developing either a melanocortin receptor agonist drug for FSD or an on-demand drug for FSD.

PL-3994 for Acute Exacerbations of Asthma Indications. The asthma market is intensively competitive, with substantial competition and financial incentive to develop, market and sell drugs for treatment of asthma, with projected costs of prescription drugs of $5.9 billion in the United States in 2010. We are aware of companies developing drugs for the specific indications of either acute exacerbations of asthma or acute severe asthma, including at least one company with a drug reported to be currently in clinical trials. Certain of these drugs under development work by mechanisms of action different from the mechanisms of action of currently approved products. In addition, a number of clinical trials are conducted by hospitals, research institutes and others exploring various methods and combinations of drugs to treat acute exacerbations of asthma. There are a number of drugs and therapies currently used to treat acute exacerbations of asthma, including administration of oral or intravenous systemic steroids, use of oxygen or heliox, a mixture of helium and oxygen, nebulized short-acting beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, intravenous or nebulized anticholinergic agents and, for patients in or approaching respiratory arrest, intubation and mechanical ventilation. However, each of these drugs or therapies has recognized limitations or liabilities, and we believe that there remains an unmet medical need for a safe and effective treatment for acute exacerbations of asthma. We are not aware of any other company actively developing a drug to treat asthma using a natriuretic peptide receptor pathway.

PL-3994 for Heart Failure Indications. Nesiritide (sold under the trade name Natrecor®), a recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide drug, is marketed in the United States by Scios Inc., a Johnson & Johnson company. Nesiritide is approved for treatment of acutely decompensated congestive heart failure patients who have dyspnea at rest or with minimal activity. Other peptide drugs, including carperitide, a recombinant human atrial natriuretic peptide drug, and ularitide, a synthetic form of urodilatin, a naturally occurring human natriuretic peptide related to atrial natriuretic peptide, have been investigated for treatment of congestive heart failure, but we are not aware of any active development in the United States. We are aware of other companies developing intravenously administered natriuretic peptide drugs, with at least one reported to have completed Phase 2 clinical trials for acute heart failure. One product is under investigation for continuous and extended infusion through a subcutaneous pump. In addition, there are a number of approved drugs and drugs in development for treatment of heart failure through mechanisms or pathways other than agonism of NPR-A.

Obesity. There are several FDA-approved drugs and medical devices for the treatment of obesity, and a large number of products in clinical development by other companies, including products which target melanocortin receptors. Clinical trials for obesity are lengthy, time-consuming and expensive. See the discussion under the heading “We do not control the development of compounds licensed to third parties and, as a result, we may not realize a significant portion of the potential value of any such license arrangements” in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report.

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Patents and Proprietary Information

Patent Protection . Our success will depend in substantial part on our ability to obtain, defend and enforce patents, maintain trade secrets and operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of others, both in the United States and abroad. We own a number of issued United States patents and have pending United States patent applications, many with issued or pending counterpart patents in selected foreign countries. We seek patent protection for our technologies and products in the United States and those foreign countries where we believe patent protection is commercially important.

We own two issued United States patents claiming the bremelanotide substance; issued patents claiming the bremelanotide substance in Japan, Mexico, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Korea, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Italy, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil and Canada. The issued United States patents have a term until 2020, which term may be subject to extension for a maximum period of up to five years as compensation for patent term lost during drug development and the FDA regulatory review process, pursuant to the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (the Hatch-Waxman Amendments). Whether we will be able to obtain patent term extensions under the Hatch-Waxman Amendments and the length of the extension to which we may be entitled cannot be determined until the FDA approves for marketing, if ever, a product in which bremelanotide is the active ingredient. In addition, the claims of issued patents covering bremelanotide may not provide meaningful protection. Further, third parties may challenge the validity or scope of any issued patent.

We own an issued patent in the United States and New Zealand claiming an alternative class of melanocortin receptor-specific peptides for treatment of sexual dysfunction and patent applications on the same class are pending in the United States, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, India, Israel, Japan, Korea, Mexico and South Africa and before the European and Eurasian patent offices. The presumptive term of the patent issued in the United States is until 2029. We also own patent applications for a second class of alternative melanocortin receptor-specific peptides for treatment of sexual dysfunction which are pending in the United States, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, India, Israel, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand and South Africa and before the European and Eurasian patent offices. If any patent issues in the United States, the presumptive term will be until 2030. Until one or more product candidates covered by a claim of one of these patent applications are developed for commercialization, which may never occur, we cannot evaluate the duration of any potential patent term extension under the Hatch-Waxman Amendments.

We own an issued United States patent claiming a narrow class of highly selective MC1R agonist peptides for treatment of inflammation-related diseases and disorders and related indications, and patent applications on two broader classes of highly selective MC1R agonist peptides which are pending in the United States, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, India, Israel, Japan, Korea, Mexico and South Africa and before the European and Eurasian patent offices. The presumptive term of the patent issued in the United States is until 2030. Until one or more product candidates covered by a claim of one of these patent applications are developed for commercialization, which may never occur, we cannot evaluate the duration of any potential patent term extension under the Hatch-Waxman Amendments.

We own an issued United States patent claiming the PL-3994 substance and other natriuretic peptide receptor agonist compounds that we have developed and an issued United States patent claiming a precursor molecule to the PL-3994 substance, both of which have a term until 2027. Corresponding patents have issued in the European patent office, South Africa, Russia, France, Germany, Mexico, Philippines and Colombia, and applications claiming the PL-3994 substance and other compounds, including precursor molecules, are pending in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, India, Israel, Japan and Korea. We do not know the full scope of patent coverage we will obtain, or whether any patents will issue other than the patents already issued. We also own a patent application under the Patent Cooperation Treaty claiming use of PL-3994 for treatment of airway diseases, including asthma, and we intend to continue prosecution only in the United States. Until one or more product candidates covered by a claim of the issued patents or one of these patent applications are developed for commercialization, which may never occur, we cannot evaluate the duration of any potential patent term extension under the Hatch-Waxman Amendments.

We additionally have twenty-seven issued United States patents on melanocortin receptor specific peptides and small molecules, but we are not actively developing any product candidate covered by a claim of any of these patents or applications.

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Under our research collaboration and license agreement with AstraZeneca, AstraZeneca is responsible for prosecution of licensed patent applications and maintenance of issued patents in the United States and other countries. AstraZeneca is prosecuting a patent application before the European and Eurasian patent offices and in the United States, Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Israel, Mexico, Peru, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Uruguay, among others, in its name resulting from its collaboration with us. Our employees are inventors and royalties would be payable under our agreement with AstraZeneca if a compound covered by a claim of this application is developed for commercialization. If any patent issues in the United States, the presumptive term will be until 2030. This patent application has not been examined, and we do not know the scope of patent claims that will be allowed, or whether any patents will issue. Additionally, until one or more compounds subject to the agreement with AstraZeneca are developed for commercialization, which may never occur, we cannot evaluate the duration of any potential patent term extension under the Hatch-Waxman Amendments.

In the event that a third party has also filed a patent application relating to an invention we claimed in a patent application, we may be required to participate in an interference proceeding adjudicated by the United States Patent and Trademark Office to determine priority of invention. The possibility of an interference proceeding could result in substantial uncertainties and cost, even if the eventual outcome is favorable to us. An adverse outcome could result in the loss of patent protection for the subject of the interference, subjecting us to significant liabilities to third parties, the need to obtain licenses from third parties at undetermined cost, or requiring us to cease using the technology.

Future Patent Infringement . We do not know for certain that our commercial activities will not infringe upon patents or patent applications of third parties, some of which may not even have been issued. Although we are not aware of any valid United States patents which are infringed by bremelanotide or PL-3994, we cannot exclude the possibility that such patents might exist or arise in the future. We may be unable to avoid infringement of any such patents and may have to seek a license, defend an infringement action, or challenge the validity of such patents in court. Patent litigation is costly and time consuming. If such patents are valid and we do not obtain a license under any such patents, or we are found liable for infringement, we may be liable for significant monetary damages, may encounter significant delays in bringing products to market, or may be precluded from participating in the manufacture, use or sale of products or methods of treatment covered by such patents.

Proprietary Information . We rely on proprietary information, such as trade secrets and know-how, which is not patented. We have taken steps to protect our unpatented trade secrets and know-how, in part through the use of confidentiality and intellectual property agreements with our employees, consultants and certain contractors. If our employees, scientific consultants, collaborators or licensees develop inventions or processes independently that may be applicable to our product candidates, disputes may arise about the ownership of proprietary rights to those inventions and processes. Such inventions and processes will not necessarily become our property, but may remain the property of those persons or their employers. Protracted and costly litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights.

If trade secrets are breached, our recourse will be solely against the person who caused the secrecy breach. This might not be an adequate remedy to us because third parties other than the person who causes the breach will be free to use the information without accountability to us. This is an inherent limitation of the law of trade secret protection.

Governmental Regulation

The FDA, comparable agencies in other countries and state regulatory authorities have established regulations and guidelines which apply to, among other things, the clinical testing, manufacturing, safety, efficacy, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising, promotion, marketing and distribution of our proposed products. Noncompliance with applicable requirements can result in fines, recalls or seizures of products, total or partial suspension of production, refusal of the regulatory authorities to approve marketing applications, withdrawal of approvals and criminal prosecution.

Before a drug product is approved by the FDA for commercial marketing, three phases of human clinical trials are usually conducted to test the safety and effectiveness of the product. Phase 1 clinical trials most typically involve testing the drug on a small number of healthy volunteers to assess the safety profile of the drug at different dosage levels. Phase 2 clinical trials, which may also enroll a relatively small number of patient volunteers, are designed to further evaluate the drug’s safety profile and to provide preliminary data as to the drug’s effectiveness in humans. Phase 3 clinical trials consist of larger, well-controlled studies that may involve several hundred or thousand patient volunteers representing the drug’s targeted population. During any of these phases, the FDA can place the clinical trial on clinical hold, or temporarily or permanently stop the clinical trials for a variety of reasons, principally for safety concerns.

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After approving a product for marketing, the FDA may require post-marketing testing, including extensive Phase 4 studies, and surveillance to monitor the safety and effectiveness of the product in general use. The FDA may withdraw product approvals if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained or if problems occur following initial marketing. In addition, the FDA may impose restrictions on the use of a drug that may limit its marketing potential. T he failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements in the United States and in other countries in which we conduct development activities could result in a variety of fines and sanctions, such as warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, suspension of operations, fines and civil penalties or criminal prosecution.

In addition to obtaining approval of an NDA from the FDA for any of our proposed products, any facility that manufactures such a product must comply with current good manufacturing practices (GMPs). This means, among other things, that the drug manufacturing establishment must be registered with, and subject to inspection by, the FDA. Foreign manufacturing establishments must also comply with GMPs and are subject to periodic inspection by the FDA or by corresponding regulatory agencies in such other countries under reciprocal agreements with the FDA. In complying with standards established by the FDA, manufacturing establishments must continue to expend time, money and effort in the areas of production and quality control to ensure full technical compliance. We will use contract manufacturing establishments, in the United States or in foreign countries, to manufacture our proposed products, and will depend on those establishments to comply with GMPs and other regulatory requirements.

Third-Party Reimbursements

Successful sales of our proposed products in the United States and other countries depend, in large part, on the availability of adequate reimbursement from third-party payors such as governmental entities, managed care organizations, health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and private insurance plans. Reimbursement by a third-party payor depends on a number of factors, including the payor’s determination that the product has been approved by the FDA for the indication for which the claim is being made, that it is neither experimental nor investigational, and that the use of the product is safe and efficacious, medically necessary, appropriate for the specific patient and cost effective.

Since reimbursement by one payor does not guarantee reimbursement by another, we or our licensees may be required to seek approval from each payor individually. Seeking such approvals is a time-consuming and costly process. Third-party payors routinely limit the products that they will cover and the amount of money that they will pay and, in many instances, are exerting significant pressure on medical suppliers to lower their prices.

Payors frequently employ a tiered system in reimbursing end users for pharmaceutical products, with tier designation affecting copay or deductible amounts. There are no approved products for treating FSD, and thus is significant uncertainty concerning the extent and scope of third-party reimbursement for products treating FSD. Based on third-party reimbursement for approved products treating ED, we believe bremelanotide will be classified as a Tier 3 drug, so that reimbursement will be limited for bremelanotide for treatment of FSD, assuming the product is approved by the FDA. Less than full reimbursement by governmental and other third-party payors may adversely affect the market acceptance of bremelanotide. Further, healthcare reimbursement systems vary from country to country, and third-party reimbursement might not be made available for bremelanotide for FSD under any other reimbursement system.

Manufacturing and Marketing

To be successful, our proposed products will need to be manufactured in commercial quantities under GMPs prescribed by the FDA and at acceptable costs. We do not have the facilities to manufacture any of our proposed products under GMPs. We intend to rely on collaborators, licensees or contract manufacturers for the commercial manufacture of our proposed products.

Our bremelanotide product candidate is a synthetic peptide. While the production process involves well-established technology, there are few manufacturers capable of scaling up to commercial quantities under GMPs at acceptable costs. We have identified one third-party manufacturer for the production of bremelanotide, and have validated manufacturing of the bremelanotide drug substance under GMPs with that manufacturer. We are in the process of negotiating a long-term supply agreement with the third-party manufacturer, and may not be able to enter into a supply agreement on acceptable terms, if at all.

Our bremelanotide product candidate will be a combination product, incorporating both the bremelanotide drug substance and a delivery device. We will rely on a third-party manufacturer to make the delivery device and the final product combination product. We have selected a delivery device, and are negotiating a long-term supply and manufacturing agreement, but may not be able to enter into such an agreement on acceptable terms, if at all.

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Our PL-3994 product candidate is a peptide mimetic molecule, incorporating a proprietary amino acid mimetic structure and amino acids. We have identified a manufacturer which made the product in quantities sufficient for Phase 1 and some anticipated Phase 2 clinical trials, and are evaluating commercial-scale manufacturers. Scaling up to commercial quantities may involve production, purification, formulation and other problems not present in the scale of manufacturing done to date.

Certain of our melanocortin receptor agonist product candidates are synthetic peptides, which we have primarily manufactured in-house. We have not contracted with a third-party manufacturer to produce these synthetic peptides for either clinical trials or commercial purposes. While the production process involves well-established technology, there are few manufacturers capable of scaling up to commercial quantities under GMPs at acceptable costs. Additionally, scaling up to commercial quantities may involve production, purification, formulation and other problems not present in the scale of manufacturing done to date.

The failure of any manufacturer or supplier to comply with FDA GMPs, or to supply the drug substance and services as agreed, would force us to seek alternative sources of supply and could interfere with our ability to deliver product on a timely and cost effective basis or at all. Establishing relationships with new manufacturers or suppliers, any of whom must be FDA-approved, is a time-consuming and costly process.

Product Liability and Insurance

Our business may be affected by potential product liability risks which are inherent in the testing, manufacturing, marketing and use of our proposed products. We have liability insurance providing $10 million coverage in the aggregate as to certain clinical trial risks.

Employees

As of September 26, 2013, we employed 20 persons full time, of whom 13 are engaged in research and development activities and 7 are engaged in administration and management. While we have been successful in attracting skilled and experienced scientific personnel, competition for personnel in our industry is intense. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. All of our employees have executed confidentiality and intellectual property agreements. We consider relations with our employees to be good.

We rely on contractors and scientific consultants to work on specific research and development programs. We also rely on independent organizations, advisors and consultants to provide services, including aspects of manufacturing, testing, preclinical evaluation, clinical management, regulatory strategy and market research. Our independent advisors, contractors and consultants sign agreements that provide for confidentiality of our proprietary information and that we have the rights to any intellectual property developed while working for us.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

Risks Relating to Our Company

We will continue to incur substantial losses over the next few years and we may never become profitable.

We have never been profitable and we may never become profitable. As of June 30, 2013, we had an accumulated deficit of $260.1 million. We expect to incur additional losses as we continue our development of bremelanotide, PL-3994 and other product candidates. Unless and until we receive approval from the FDA or other equivalent regulatory authorities outside the United States, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues from them. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, we will have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from contract revenue under collaborative development agreements, existing cash balances and outside sources of financing, which may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

We will need to continue to raise funds in the future, including funds required to complete our Phase 3 clinical trials of bremelanotide for FSD, and funds may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.

As of June 30, 2013, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $24.4 million, with current liabilities of $2.1 million. We believe we have sufficient currently available working capital to fund our currently planned operations through at least calendar year 2014, but our currently available working capital is not sufficient to complete pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials for bremelanotide for FSD. We will need additional funding to complete required clinical trials of bremelanotide for FSD and our other product candidates and, assuming those clinical trials are successful, as to which there can be no assurance, complete submission of required regulatory applications to the FDA for any of our product candidates.

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While we are actively preparing to initiate Phase 3 clinical trials of bremelanotide for FSD, we do not intend to start patient enrollment and dosing in the Phase 3 program unless we have adequate funds, or commitments for adequate funds, to complete the Phase 3 program. We estimate that the Phase 3 program, through submission of an NDA, will cost at least $78.0 million. We are seeking funds to support the Phase 3 program through collaborative arrangements on bremelanotide, including marketing and distribution partnering agreements, public or private equity or debt financings, and other sources, but such additional funding may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.

We do not have any source of significant recurring revenue, and must depend on financing or partnering to sustain our operations. We may raise additional funds through public or private equity financings, debt financings, collaborative arrangements on our product candidates, or other sources. However, additional funding may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To obtain additional funding, we may need to enter into arrangements that require us to develop only certain of our product candidates or relinquish rights to certain technologies, product candidates and/or potential markets.

If we are unable to raise sufficient additional funds when needed, we may be required to curtail operations significantly, cease clinical trials and decrease staffing levels. We may seek to license, sell or otherwise dispose of our product candidates, technologies and contractual rights on the best possible terms available. Even if we are able to license, sell or otherwise dispose of our product candidates, technologies and contractual rights, it is likely to be on unfavorable terms and for less value than if we had the financial resources to develop or otherwise advance our product candidates, technologies and contractual rights ourselves.

We have a limited operating history upon which to base an investment decision.

Our operations are primarily focused on acquiring, developing and securing our proprietary technology, conducting preclinical and clinical studies and formulating and manufacturing on a small-scale basis our principal product candidates. These operations provide a limited basis for stockholders to assess our ability to commercialize our product candidates.

We have not yet demonstrated our ability to perform the functions necessary for the successful commercialization of any of our current product candidates. The successful commercialization of our product candidates will require us to perform a variety of functions, including:

●	continuing to conduct preclinical development and clinical trials;

●	participating in regulatory approval processes;

●	formulating and manufacturing products, or having third parties formulate and manufacture products;

●	post-approval monitoring and surveillance of our products;

●	conducting sales and marketing activities, either alone or with a partner; and

●	obtaining additional capital.

If we are unable to obtain regulatory approval of any of our product candidates, to successfully commercialize any products for which we receive regulatory approval or to obtain additional capital, we may not be able to recover our investment in our development efforts.

We may not be able to obtain regulatory approval of bremelanotide for FSD even if the product is effective in treating FSD.

Approval of bremelanotide for treatment of FSD in premenopausal women requires determination by the FDA that the product is both safe and effective. Our Phase 2B clinical trial for FSD demonstrated what we believe is an acceptable safety profile and, at selected doses, statistically significant efficacy. However, results obtained in Phase 3 clinical trials may be inconsistent with results obtained in our Phase 2B study, and may demonstrate either an unacceptable safety profile or insufficient efficacy. It is also possible that safety or efficacy results obtained in Phase 3 clinical trials will be inconclusive. It is not possible to predict, with any assurance, whether the FDA will approve bremelanotide for any indications. The FDA may deny or delay approval of any application for bremelanotide if the FDA determines that the clinical data do not adequately establish the safety of the drug even if efficacy is established. Bremelanotide could take a significantly longer time to obtain approval than we expect and it may never gain approval. If regulatory approval of bremelanotide is delayed or never obtained, our business and our liquidity would be adversely affected.

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Even if bremelanotide for FSD obtains regulatory approval in the United States and other countries, it may not achieve significant market acceptance.

Regulatory approval for the marketing and sale of bremelanotide for FSD in the United States and other countries does not assure that the product will be a commercial success. While we believe that an on-demand drug for FSD has competitive advantages compared to chronic or daily use hormones and other drugs, we may not be able to realize this perceived advantage in the market. Bremelanotide is administered by subcutaneous injection. While the single-use, disposable autoinjector format is designed to maximize market acceptability, bremelanotide as a subcutaneous injectable drug for FSD may never achieve significant market acceptance. There is no drug approved in the United States for FSD, and thus actual market size and market dynamics are not known. We believe reimbursement of bremelanotide from third party payors such as health insurers, HMOs or other third-party payors of healthcare costs will be limited, and that the ultimate user will pay all or a substantial part of the cost of bremelanotide for FSD. We do not know the market price sensitivity of bremelanotide for FSD, or whether the market will support a product for FSD at the price range we project. If bremelanotide for FSD does not achieve adequate market acceptance at an acceptable price point, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected.

Development and commercialization of our product candidates involves a lengthy, complex and costly process, and we may never successfully develop or commercialize any product.

Our product candidates are at various stages of research and development, will require regulatory approval, and may never be successfully developed or commercialized. Our product candidates will require significant further research, development and testing before we can seek regulatory approval to market and sell them.

We must demonstrate that our product candidates are safe and effective for use in patients in order to receive regulatory approval for commercial sale. Preclinical studies in animals, using various doses and formulations, must be performed before we can begin human clinical trials. Even if we obtain favorable results in the preclinical studies, the results in humans may be different. Numerous small-scale human clinical trials may be necessary to obtain initial data on a product candidate’s safety and efficacy in humans before advancing to large-scale human clinical trials. We face the risk that the results of our trials in later phases of clinical trials may be inconsistent with those obtained in earlier phases. Adverse or inconclusive results could delay the progress of our development programs and may prevent us from filing for regulatory approval of our product candidates. Additional factors that can cause delay or termination of our human clinical trials include:

●	the availability of sufficient capital to sustain operations and clinical trials;

●	timely completion of clinical site protocol approval and obtaining informed consent from subjects;

●	the rate of patient enrollment in clinical studies;

●	adverse medical events or side effects in treated patients; and

●	lack of effectiveness of the product being tested.

You should evaluate us in light of these uncertainties, delays, difficulties and expenses commonly experienced by early stage biopharmaceutical companies, as well as unanticipated problems and additional costs relating to:

●	product approval or clearance;

●	regulatory compliance;

●	good manufacturing practices;

●	intellectual property rights;

●	product introduction; and

●	marketing and competition.

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The regulatory approval process is lengthy, expensive and uncertain, and may prevent us from obtaining the approvals we require.

Government authorities in the United States and other countries extensively regulate the advertising, labeling, storage, record-keeping, safety, efficacy, research, development, testing, manufacture, promotion, marketing and distribution of drug products. Drugs are subject to rigorous regulation by the FDA and similar regulatory bodies in other countries. The steps ordinarily required by the FDA before a new drug may be marketed in the United States include:

●	completion of non-clinical tests including preclinical laboratory and formulation studies and animal testing and toxicology;

●	submission to the FDA of an IND application, which must become effective before clinical trials may begin;

●	performance of adequate and well-controlled Phase 1, 2 and 3 human clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the drug for each proposed indication;

●	submission to the FDA of an NDA;

●	FDA review and approval of the NDA before any commercial marketing or sale; and

●	compliance with post-approval commitments and requirements.

Satisfaction of FDA pre-market approval requirements for new drugs typically takes a number of years and the actual time required for approval may vary substantially based upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product or disease. The results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to the FDA as part of an NDA. The NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information. Once the submission has been accepted for filing, the FDA generally has ten months to review the application and respond to the applicant. The review process is often significantly extended by FDA requests for additional information or clarification. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinical trials. Data obtained from clinical trials is not always conclusive and may be susceptible to varying interpretations that could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. The FDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved, but the FDA is not bound by the recommendation of the advisory committee. The FDA may deny or delay approval of applications that do not meet applicable regulatory criteria or if the FDA determines that the clinical data do not adequately establish the safety and efficacy of the drug. Therefore, our proposed products could take a significantly longer time than we expect or may never gain approval. If regulatory approval is delayed or never obtained, our business and our liquidity would be adversely affected.

Upon approval, a product candidate may be marketed only in those dosage forms and for those indications approved by the FDA. Once approved, the FDA may withdraw the product approval if compliance with regulatory requirements is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reaches the marketplace. In addition, the FDA may require post-marketing studies, referred to as Phase 4 studies, to monitor the approved products in a larger number of patients than were required for product approval and may limit further marketing of the product based on the results of these post-market studies. The FDA has broad post-market regulatory and enforcement powers, including the ability to seek injunctions, levy fines and civil penalties, criminal prosecution, withdraw approvals and seize products or request recalls.

If regulatory approval of any of our product candidates is granted, it will be limited to certain disease states or conditions. Adverse experiences with the product must be reported to the FDA and could result in the imposition of market restriction through labeling changes or in product removal. Product approvals may be withdrawn if compliance with regulatory requirements is not maintained or if problems concerning safety or efficacy of the product occur following approval.

Outside the United States, our ability to market our product candidates will also depend on receiving marketing authorizations from the appropriate regulatory authorities. The foreign regulatory approval process generally includes all of the risks associated with FDA approval described above. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials and marketing authorization vary widely from country to country. At present, foreign marketing authorizations are applied for at a national level, although within the European Community, or EC, registration procedures are available to companies wishing to market a product to more than one EC member state. If the regulatory authority is satisfied that adequate evidence of safety, quality and efficiency has been presented, a marketing authorization will be granted. If we do not obtain, or experience difficulties in obtaining, such marketing authorizations, our business and liquidity may be adversely affected.

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If any approved product does not achieve market acceptance, our business will suffer.

Regulatory approval for the marketing and sale of any of our product candidates does not assure the product’s commercial success. Any approved product will compete with other products manufactured and marketed by major pharmaceutical and other biotechnology companies. The degree of market acceptance of any such product will depend on a number of factors, including:

●	perceptions by members of the healthcare community, including physicians, about its safety and effectiveness;

●	cost-effectiveness relative to competing products and technologies;

●	availability of reimbursement for our products from third party payors such as health insurers, health maintenance organizations and government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid; and

●	advantages over alternative treatment methods.

If any approved product does not achieve adequate market acceptance, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected.

We rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates and their failure to timely perform their obligations could significantly harm our product development.

We rely on outside scientific collaborators such as researchers at clinical research organizations and universities in certain areas that are particularly relevant to our research and product development plans, such as the conduct of clinical trials and associated tests. There is competition for these relationships, and we may not be able to maintain our relationships with them on acceptable terms. These outside collaborators generally may terminate their engagements with us at any time. As a result, we can control their activities only within certain limits, and they will devote only a certain amount of their time to conduct research on our product candidates and develop them. If they do not successfully carry out their duties under their agreements with us, fail to inform us if these trials fail to comply with clinical trial protocols or fail to meet expected deadlines, our ability to develop our product candidates and obtain regulatory approval on a timely basis, if at all, may be adversely affected.

Our drug development programs depend on contract research organizations and other third parties over whom we have no control.

We have limited research or development staff and do not have dedicated research or development facilities, and depend on third parties, including independent contractors and preclinical contract research organizations, to conduct preclinical studies under agreements with us. These collaborators are not our employees, and we have limited control over the resources that they devote to our programs. These collaborators may not assign as great a priority to our programs or pursue them as diligently as we would if we were undertaking such programs ourselves. These collaborators generally may terminate their engagements with us at any time. As a result, we can control their activities only within certain limits, and they will devote only a certain amount of their time to conduct research on our product candidates. If they do not successfully carry out their duties under their agreements with us, fail to inform us if these studies fail to comply with agreed protocols or fail to meet expected deadlines, our ability to develop our product candidates and obtain regulatory approval on a timely basis, if at all, may be adversely affected.

Production and supply of our product candidates depend on contract manufacturers over whom we have no control.

We do not have the facilities to manufacture bremelanotide, PL-3994, melanocortin receptor agonist compounds or our other potential products. Our contract manufacturers must perform these manufacturing activities in a manner that complies with FDA regulations. Our ability to control third-party compliance with FDA requirements will be limited to contractual remedies and rights of inspection. The manufacturers of approved products and their manufacturing facilities will be subject to continual review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other authorities where applicable, and must comply with ongoing regulatory requirements, including the FDA’s GMPs regulations. Failure of third-party manufacturers to comply with GMPs or other FDA requirements may result in enforcement action by the FDA. Failure to conduct their activities in compliance with FDA regulations could delay our development programs or negatively impact our ability to receive FDA approval of our potential products or continue marketing if they are approved. Establishing relationships with new suppliers, who must be FDA-approved, is a time-consuming and costly process.

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We have no experience in marketing, distributing and selling products and will substantially rely on our marketing partners to provide these capabilities.

We are developing bremelanotide for FSD, are in early stage development of other melanocortin receptor agonist compounds for sexual dysfunction and other indications and are developing PL-3994 for the treatment of asthma, heart failure and other indications. We do not have marketing partners for any of these products. If any of these products are approved by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, we must either develop marketing, distribution and selling capacity and expertise, which will be costly and time consuming, or enter into agreements with other companies to provide these capabilities. We may not be able to enter into suitable agreements on acceptable terms, if at all.

We do not control the development of compounds licensed to third parties and, as a result, we may not realize a significant portion of the potential value of any such license arrangements.

Under our research collaboration and license agreement with AstraZeneca for melanocortin-based therapeutic compounds for obesity, diabetes and related metabolic syndrome, we have no direct control over the development of compounds and have only limited, if any, input on the direction of development efforts. Based on a serious adverse event, AstraZeneca has decided to discontinue development of AZD2820, a subcutaneously-administered peptide melanocortin-4 receptor partial agonist. AstraZeneca has a number of collaboration compounds in various stages of preclinical testing. AstraZeneca may decide to abandon further development of this program, including terminating the agreement, if the results of further development efforts are negative or inconclusive, or if priorities within AstraZeneca change, or for any reason. Because the potential value of the license arrangement with AstraZeneca is contingent upon the successful development and commercialization of the licensed technology, the ultimate value of this license will depend on the efforts of AstraZeneca. If AstraZeneca does not succeed in developing the licensed technology for any reason, or elects for any reason to discontinue the development of this program, we may be unable to realize the potential value of this arrangement. Compounds developed during the collaboration phase of our agreement with AstraZeneca are subject to the same payment terms as licensed compounds, but intellectual property relating to collaboration compounds is owned by AstraZeneca. If AstraZeneca does not succeed in developing collaboration compounds, we will not realize any value with respect to those compounds.

If the market opportunities for bremelanotide and our other products in development are smaller than we anticipate, then our future revenues and business may be adversely affected.

There are no FDA approved products for treatment of FSD, and thus the size and other parameters relating to the market are not known. The market opportunity for bremelanotide may be smaller than we anticipate. If it is smaller, it may be difficult for us to find marketing partners for bremelanotide, and our ability to generate bremelanotide revenue and business may be adversely affected. This is also true with respect to PL-3994 and other products in development.

Competing products and technologies may make our proposed products noncompetitive.

There are other products being developed for FSD, including flibanserin, a daily-use oral drug being developed for hypoactive sexual desire disorder, and a number of daily-use oral and patch drugs incorporating testosterone. There is competition to develop drugs for treatment of FSD in both premenopausal and postmenopausal patients. Our bremelanotide drug product is intended to be administered by subcutaneous injection, and an on-demand drug product for the same indication which utilizes another route of administration, such as a conventional oral drug product, may make subcutaneous bremelanotide noncompetitive.

There are three oral FDA-approved PDE-5 inhibitor drugs for the treatment of ED, other approved products and devices for ED, and other products in development for treatment of ED, including products in clinical trials. There is competition to develop drugs for ED in patients non-responsive to PDE-5 inhibitor drugs, and to develop drugs for treatment of FSD.

There are several products approved for use in treatment of obesity and related indications, and a number of other products being developed for treatment of obesity, including products in clinical trials. There is intense competition to develop drugs for treatment of obesity and related indications.

There are numerous products approved for use in treatment of asthma, and a number of other products being developed for treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma, including products in clinical trials. There is intense competition to develop drugs for treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma.

We are aware of one recombinant natriuretic peptide product for acutely decompensated congestive heart failure approved and marketed in the United States, and another recombinant natriuretic peptide product approved and marketed in Japan. Clinical trials on other natriuretic peptide products are being conducted in the United States. In addition, other products for treatment of heart failure are either currently being marketed or in development.

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The biopharmaceutical industry is highly competitive. We are likely to encounter significant competition with respect to bremelanotide, other melanocortin receptor agonist compounds and PL-3994. Most of our competitors have substantially greater financial and technological resources than we do. Many of them also have significantly greater experience in research and development, marketing, distribution and sales than we do. Accordingly, our competitors may succeed in developing, marketing, distributing and selling products and underlying technologies more rapidly than we can. These competitive products or technologies may be more effective and useful or less costly than bremelanotide, other melanocortin receptor agonist compounds or PL-3994. In addition, academic institutions, hospitals, governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations are also conducting research and may develop competing products or technologies on their own or through strategic alliances or collaborative arrangements.

Our ability to achieve revenues from the sale of our products in development will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain adequate reimbursement from Medicare, Medicaid, private insurers and other healthcare payers.

Our ability to successfully commercialize our products in development will depend, in significant part, on the extent to which we or our marketing partners can obtain reimbursement for our products and also reimbursement at appropriate levels for the cost of our products. Obtaining reimbursement from governmental payers, insurance companies, HMOs and other third-party payers of healthcare costs is a time-consuming and expensive process. There is no guarantee that our products will ultimately be reimbursed. There is significant uncertainty concerning third-party reimbursement for the use of any pharmaceutical product incorporating new technology and third-party reimbursement might not be available for our proposed products once approved, or if obtained, might not be adequate.

There are no approved products for treating FSD, and thus there is significant uncertainty concerning the extent and scope of third-party reimbursement for products treating FSD. Based on third-party reimbursement for approved products treating ED, we believe bremelanotide for FSD will be classified as a Tier 3 drug, so that reimbursement will be limited for bremelanotide for treatment of FSD, assuming the product is approved by the FDA.

If we are able to obtain reimbursement, continuing efforts by governmental and third party payers to contain or reduce costs of healthcare may adversely affect our future revenues and ability to achieve profitability. Third-party payers are increasingly challenging the prices charged for diagnostic and therapeutic products and related services. Reimbursement from governmental payers is subject to statutory and regulatory changes, retroactive rate adjustments, administrative rulings and other policy changes, all of which could materially decrease the range of products for which we are reimbursed or the rates of reimbursement by government payers. In addition, recent legislation reforming the healthcare system may result in lower prices or the actual inability of prospective customers to purchase our products in development. The cost containment measures that healthcare payers and providers are instituting and the effect of any healthcare reform could materially and adversely affect our ability to operate profitably. Furthermore, even if reimbursement is available, it may not be available at price levels sufficient for us to realize a positive return on our investment.

If we fail to adequately protect or enforce our intellectual property rights or secure rights to patents of others, the value of our intellectual property rights would diminish.

Our success, competitive position and future revenues will depend in part on our ability and the abilities of our licensors to obtain and maintain patent protection for our products, methods, processes and other technologies, to preserve our trade secrets, to prevent third parties from infringing on our proprietary rights and to operate without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties. We cannot predict:

●	the degree and range of protection any patents will afford us against competitors, including whether third parties will find ways to invalidate or otherwise circumvent our patents;

●	if and when patents will be issued;

●	whether or not others will obtain patents claiming aspects similar to those covered by our patents and patent applications; and

●	whether we will need to initiate litigation or administrative proceedings, which may be costly whether we win or lose.

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If our products, methods, processes and other technologies infringe the proprietary rights of other parties, we could incur substantial costs and we may have to:

●	obtain licenses, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all;

●	redesign our products or processes to avoid infringement;

●	stop using the subject matter claimed in the patents held by others;

●	pay damages; or

●	defend litigation or administrative proceedings, which may be costly whether we win or lose, and which could result in a substantial diversion of our management resources.

If we are unable to keep our trade secrets confidential, our technologies and other proprietary information may be used by others to compete against us.

In addition to our reliance on patents, we attempt to protect our proprietary technologies and processes by relying on trade secret laws and agreements with our employees and other persons who have access to our proprietary information. These agreements and arrangements may not provide meaningful protection for our proprietary technologies and processes in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of such information. In addition, our competitors may independently develop substantially equivalent technologies and processes or gain access to our trade secrets or technology, either of which could materially and adversely affect our competitive position.

We may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit commercialization of our products in response to product liability lawsuits.

The testing and marketing of medical products entails an inherent risk of product liability. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our products or cease clinical trials. Our inability to obtain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of pharmaceutical products we develop, alone or with corporate collaborators. We currently carry liability insurance as to certain clinical trial risks. We, or any corporate collaborators, may not in the future be able to obtain insurance at a reasonable cost or in sufficient amounts, if at all. Even if our agreements with any future corporate collaborators entitle us to indemnification against losses, such indemnification may not be available or adequate should any claim arise.

We are highly dependent on our management team, senior staff professionals and third-party contractors and consultants, and the loss of their services could materially adversely affect our business.

We rely on our relatively small management team and staff as well as various contractors and consultants to provide critical services. Our ability to execute our bremelanotide clinical programs and our preclinical programs on an inhaled formulation of PL-3994 and new peptide drug candidates for sexual dysfunction and other indications depends on our continued retention and motivation of our management and senior staff professionals, including executive officers and senior members of product development and management who possess significant technical expertise and experience and oversee our development programs. If we lose the services of existing key personnel, our development programs could be adversely affected if suitable replacement personnel are not recruited quickly. Our success also depends on our ability to develop and maintain relationships with contractors, consultants and scientific advisors.

There is competition for qualified personnel, contractors and consultants in the pharmaceutical industry, which makes it difficult to attract and retain the qualified personnel, contractors and consultants necessary for the development and growth of our business.

Anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law and our charter documents may make potential acquisitions more difficult and could result in the entrenchment of management.

We are incorporated in Delaware. Anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law and our charter documents may make a change in control or efforts to remove management more difficult. Also, under Delaware law, our board of directors may adopt additional anti-takeover measures. Under Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may not engage in a business combination with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person first becomes an “interested stockholder,” unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner.

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We are authorized to issue up to 300,000,000 shares of common stock. To the extent that we sell or otherwise issue authorized but currently unissued shares, this could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding voting stock.

Our charter authorizes us to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock and to determine the terms of those shares of stock without any further action by our stockholders. If we exercise this right, it could be more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding voting stock.

In addition, our equity incentive plans generally permit us to accelerate the vesting of options and other stock rights granted under these plans in the event of a change of control. If we accelerate the vesting of options or other stock rights, this action could make an acquisition more costly.

The application of these provisions could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Risks Relating to Obligations in Our 2012 Private Placement

Under agreements relating to our 2012 private placement, we are required to allow purchasers in the 2012 private placement to participate in certain future equity and debt financings, which may restrict our ability to raise funds on acceptable terms, or at all.

For six years after our 2012 private placement, unless the purchasers own less than 20% of our outstanding common stock calculated as if the warrants were exercised, the purchasers have the right of first negotiation on any subsequent equity or debt financing. If we do not agree to terms of a financing with them, and negotiate with a third party on a financing, we must offer to sell to the purchasers at least 55% of the financing, and the purchasers may elect to purchase all or a portion of the financing. Assuming our drug candidates continue advancing, we will require significant additional resources and capital at some time for our Phase 3 bremelanotide clinical trial program and other clinical trial programs. The right of first negotiation and right of participation granted to the purchasers in our 2012 private placement may make it more difficult to raise additional funding through public or private equity financings, debt financings or other sources. Such funding may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.

Under agreements relating to our 2012 private placement, so long as any Series A 2012 or Series B 2012 warrants are outstanding, we are required to redeem Series A 2012 and Series B 2012 warrants at the option of the holders in the event of any takeover, change of control or other fundamental transaction which we permit.

Under the purchase agreement and form of warrants for our 2012 private placement, if we permit, make or allow a takeover, change of control or other fundamental transaction, including any transfer of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, then so long as any warrants remain outstanding we are required, as elected by the warrant holders, to pay such holders a warrant early termination price tied to the greater of the then market price of our common stock or the amount per share paid to any other person. The application of these provisions could adversely affect our financial position and have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or other fundamental transaction, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock, and could make any potential acquisition or change of control more costly.

Under agreements relating to our 2012 private placement, so long as any Series A 2012 or Series B 2012 warrants are outstanding, we are required to oppose any takeover or change of control that does not provide specified rights to holders of Series A 2012 and Series B 2012 warrants.

Under the purchase agreement and form of warrants for our 2012 private placement, so long as any warrants remain outstanding we are required to (i) not permit, (ii) take necessary action to prevent both the occurrence or consummation of, and (iii) not be a party to any fundamental transaction, change of control or similar event unless contractually-specified rights are provided with respect to payment of a warrant early termination price tied to the greater of the then market price of our common stock or the amount per share paid to any other person. We are also required, subject to the exercise by our board of its fiduciary duties, to take all reasonable efforts to adopt a poison pill or any other anti-takeover provision or method necessary to prevent the fundamental transaction, change of control or similar event. The application of these provisions could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or other fundamental transaction, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock, and could make any potential acquisition or change of control more costly.

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Risks Relating to Owning Our Common Stock

As of September 26, 2013, there were 96,153,887 shares of common stock underlying outstanding convertible preferred stock, options, restricted stock units and warrants. Stockholders may experience dilution from the conversion of preferred stock, exercise of outstanding options and warrants and vesting of restricted stock units.

As of September 26, 2013, holders of our outstanding dilutive securities had the right to acquire the following amounts of underlying common stock:

●	52,834 shares issuable on the conversion of immediately convertible Series A Convertible preferred stock, subject to adjustment, for no further consideration;

●	3,821,303 shares issuable on the exercise of stock options, at exercise prices ranging from $0.60 to $42.10 per share;

●	646,250 shares issuable under restricted stock units which vest on dates between June 27, 2014 and June 27, 2015, subject to the fulfillment of service conditions; and

●	91,633,500 shares issuable on the exercise of warrants at exercise prices ranging from $0.01 to $3.30 per share, which includes warrants issued in our 2012 private placement for 67,476,531 shares issuable at an exercise price of $0.01 per share.

If the holders convert, exercise or receive these securities, or similar dilutive securities we may issue in the future, stockholders may experience dilution in the net tangible book value of their common stock. In addition, the sale or availability for sale of the underlying shares in the marketplace could depress our stock price. We have registered or agreed to register for resale substantially all of the underlying shares listed above. Holders of registered underlying shares could resell the shares immediately upon issuance, which could result in significant downward pressure on our stock price.

Our stock price is volatile and we expect it to remain volatile, which could limit investors’ ability to sell stock at a profit.

The volatile price of our stock makes it difficult for investors to predict the value of their investment, to sell shares at a profit at any given time, or to plan purchases and sales in advance. A variety of factors may affect the market price of our common stock. These include, but are not limited to:

●	publicity regarding actual or potential clinical results relating to products under development by our competitors or us;

●	delay or failure in initiating, completing or analyzing preclinical or clinical trials or unsatisfactory designs or results of these trials;

●	interim decisions by regulatory agencies, including the FDA, as to clinical trial designs, acceptable safety profiles and the benefit/risk ratio of products under development;

●	achievement or rejection of regulatory approvals by our competitors or by us;

●	announcements of technological innovations or new commercial products by our competitors or by us;

●	developments concerning proprietary rights, including patents;

●	developments concerning our collaborations;

●	regulatory developments in the United States and foreign countries;

●	economic or other crises and other external factors;

●	period-to-period fluctuations in our revenue and other results of operations;

●	changes in financial estimates by securities analysts; and

●	sales of our common stock.

We will not be able to control many of these factors, and we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our financial results will not necessarily be indicative of our future performance. If our revenues, if any, in any particular period do not meet expectations, we may not be able to adjust our expenditures in that period, which could cause our operating results to suffer further. If our operating results in any future period fall below the expectations of securities analysts or investors, our stock price may fall by a significant amount.

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For the 12 month period ended August 31, 2013, the price of our stock has been volatile, ranging from a high of $1.10 per share to a low of $0.51 per share.

In addition, the stock market in general, and the market for biotechnology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that may have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of individual companies. These broad market and industry factors may seriously harm the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance.

We do not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future and intend to retain future earnings, if any, for the development and expansion of our business. Our outstanding Series A Preferred Stock, consisting of 4,697 shares on September 26, 2013, provides that we may not pay a dividend or make any distribution to holders of any class of stock unless we first pay a special dividend or distribution of $100 per share to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock. In addition, the terms of existing or future agreements may limit our ability to pay dividends. Therefore, our stockholders will not receive a return on their shares unless the value of their shares increases.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

Our corporate offices are located at 4B Cedar Brook Drive, Cedar Brook Corporate Center, Cranbury, NJ 08512, where we lease approximately 10,000 square feet of office space under a lease that expires in 2015. The leased property is in good condition.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

We are involved, from time to time, in various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently a party to any such claims or proceedings that, if decided adversely to us, would either individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

The table below provides, for the fiscal quarters indicated, the reported high and low sales prices for our common stock on the NYSE MKT (formerly NYSE Amex) since July 1, 2011.

FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2013	HIGH		LOW
Fourth Quarter	$	0.79	$	0.51
Third Quarter		0.71		0.54
Second Quarter		1.10		0.53
First Quarter		1.20		0.45

FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2012	HIGH		LOW
Fourth Quarter	$	0.77	$	0.40
Third Quarter		0.75		0.39
Second Quarter		0.73		0.39
First Quarter		1.28		0.50

Our common stock has been listed on NYSE MKT under the symbol “PTN” since December 21, 1999. It previously traded on The Nasdaq SmallCap Market under the symbol “PLTN.”

Holders of common stock . On September 26, 2013, we had approximately 217 record holders of common stock and the closing sales price of our common stock as reported on the NYSE MKT was $0.70 per share.

Issuer purchases of equity securities. We have not and do not currently intend to retire or repurchase any of our capital securities other than providing our employees with the option to withhold shares to satisfy tax withholding amounts due from employees upon the vesting of restricted stock units in connection with our 2011 Stock Incentive Plan. The following 80,964 shares were withheld during the three-month period ended June 30, 2013 at the direction of the employees as permitted under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan in order to pay the minimum amount of tax liability owed by the employee from the vesting of those units:

Period

Total

Number of Shares Purchased (1)

Average Price Paid per Share

Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs

Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under Announced Plans or Programs

April 1-31, 2013

–

May 1-30, 3013

–

June 1-30, 2013

80,964

0.65

–

Total

80,964

0.65

–

(1) Consists solely of 80,964 shares that were withheld to satisfy tax withholding amounts due from employees upon the vesting of previously issued

restricted stock units.

Dividends and dividend policy . We have never declared or paid any dividends. We currently intend to retain earnings, if any, for use in our business. We do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.

Dividend restrictions . Our outstanding Series A Preferred Stock, consisting of 4,697 shares on September 26, 2013, provides that we may not pay a dividend or make any distribution to holders of any class of stock unless we first pay a special dividend or distribution of $100 per share to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock.

Equity Compensation Plan Information. Reference is made to the information contained in the Equity Compensation Plan table contained in Item 12 of this Annual Report.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

Not applicable.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements filed as part of this Annual Report.

Critical Accounting Policies.

Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report. We believe that our accounting policies and estimates relating to revenue recognition, accrued expenses and stock-based compensation charges are the most critical.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from corporate collaborations and licensing agreements consists of up-front fees, research and development funding and milestone payments. Non-refundable up-front fees are deferred and amortized to revenue on a straight-line basis over the related performance period. We estimate the performance period as the period in which we perform certain development activities under the applicable agreement. Reimbursements for research and development activities are recorded in the period that we perform the related activities under the terms of the applicable agreements. Revenue resulting from the achievement of milestone events stipulated in the applicable agreements is recognized when the milestone is achieved, provided that such milestone is substantive in nature. Revenue from grants is recognized as we provide the services stipulated in the underlying grants based on the time and materials incurred.

Accrued Expenses

Third parties perform a significant portion of our development activities. We review the activities performed under significant contracts each quarter and accrue expenses and the amount of any reimbursement to be received from our collaborators based upon the estimated amount of work completed. Estimating the value or stage of completion of certain services requires judgment based on available information. If we do not identify services performed for us but not billed by the service-provider, or if we underestimate or overestimate the value of services performed as of a given date, reported expenses will be understated or overstated.

Stock-based Compensation

The fair value of stock options granted has been calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires us to make estimates of expected volatility and expected option lives. We estimate these factors at the time of grant based on our own prior experience, public sources of information and information for comparable companies. The amount of recorded compensation related to an option grant is not adjusted for subsequent changes in these estimates or for actual experience. The amount of our recorded compensation is also dependent on our estimates of future option forfeitures. If we initially over-estimate future forfeitures, our reported expenses will be understated until such time as we adjust our estimate. Changes in estimated forfeitures will affect our reported expenses in the period of change and future periods.

The amount and timing of compensation expense to be recorded in future periods related to grants of restricted stock units may be affected by employment terminations. As a result, stock-based compensation charges may vary significantly from period to period.

Results of Operations

Year Ended June 30, 2013 Compared to the Year Ended June 30, 2012:

Revenue – For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013 (fiscal 2013), we recognized $10,000 in revenue, compared to $74,000 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2012 (fiscal 2012), pursuant to our license agreement with AstraZeneca. Revenue consisted entirely of reimbursement of development costs and per-employee compensation, earned at the contractual rate. We may also earn contract revenue based on the attainment of development milestones.

Research and Development – Research and development expenses decreased to $10.5 million for fiscal 2013 compared to $13.8 million for fiscal 2012. This decrease is primarily the result of costs relating to our Phase 2B clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of bremelanotide for the treatment of FSD.

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Research and development expenses related to our bremelanotide, PL-3994, peptide melanocortin agonist, obesity and other preclinical programs were $7.6 million and $9.9 million in fiscal years 2013 and 2012, respectively. The majority of spending was related to our Phase 2B clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of bremelanotide for the treatment of FSD. We are currently completing protocols and preparing for initiation of pivotal Phase 3 studies of bremelanotide. The amount of such spending and the nature of future development activities are dependent on a number of factors, including primarily the availability of funds to support future development activities, success of our clinical trials and preclinical and discovery programs, and our ability to progress compounds in addition to bremelanotide and PL-3994 into human clinical trials. The amounts of project spending above exclude general research and development spending, which decreased to $2.9 million for fiscal 2013 compared to $3.9 million for fiscal 2012. The decrease is the result of closing our research laboratory operations in connection with the lease expiration of our laboratory facilities in July 2012.

Cumulative spending from inception to June 30, 2013 on our bremelanotide, NeutroSpec (a previously marketed imaging product which has been terminated) and other programs (which includes PL-3994, other melanocortin receptor agonists, obesity and other discovery programs) amounts to approximately $163.6 million, $55.6 million and $61.0 million, respectively. Due to various risk factors described in this Annual Report, including the difficulty in currently estimating the costs and timing of future Phase 1 clinical trials and larger-scale Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials for any product under development, we cannot predict with reasonable certainty when, if ever, a program will advance to the next stage of development or be successfully completed, or when, if ever, related net cash inflows will be generated. See Item 1A - Risk Factors.

General and Administrative – General and administrative expenses were $5.1 million for fiscal 2013 compared to $5.0 million for fiscal 2012. These expenses mainly consist of compensation and related costs.

Other Income (Expense) – Other income (expense) was $(7.0) million and $0.5 million for fiscal 2013 and fiscal 2012, respectively. Fiscal 2013 other expense included the recognition of $7.0 million non-cash charged for the increase in the fair value of warrants related to the July 3, 2012 private placement offering. Fiscal 2012 other income included a gain on disposition of supplies and equipment of $0.4 million compared to $5,000 for fiscal 2013. This increase is a result of closing our research laboratory facilities in July 2012. For fiscal 2013 we recognized $43,000 of investment income compared to $32,000 of investment income for fiscal 2012.

Income Tax Benefit – Income tax benefits of $1.8 million in fiscal 2013 and $1.1 million in fiscal 2012 relate to the sale of New Jersey state net operating loss carryforwards. The amount of such losses and tax credits that we are able to sell depends on annual pools and allocations established by the state of New Jersey.

Year Ended June 30, 2012 Compared to the Year Ended June 30, 2011:

Revenue – For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2012 (fiscal 2012), we recognized $0.1 million in revenue, compared to $1.5 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2011 (fiscal 2011). Revenue from AstraZeneca for fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011 consisted of $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of reimbursement of development costs and per-employee compensation, earned at the contractual rate. Fiscal 2011 revenue also included $1.0 million of federal grants under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010.

Research and Development – Research and development expenses increased to $13.8 million for fiscal 2012 compared to $10.4 million for fiscal 2011. This increase was primarily the result of costs relating to our then on-going Phase 2B clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of bremelanotide for the treatment of FSD, which commenced in June 2011.

Research and development expenses related to our bremelanotide, PL-3994, peptide melanocortin agonists, obesity, NeutroSpec and other preclinical programs were $9.9 million and $3.9 million in fiscal years 2012 and 2011, respectively. Spending was primarily related to our Phase 2B clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of bremelanotide for the treatment of FSD. The amount of such spending and the nature of future development activities are dependent on a number of factors, including primarily the availability of funds to support future development activities, success of our clinical trials and preclinical and discovery programs, and our ability to progress compounds in addition to bremelanotide and PL-3994 into human clinical trials.

The amounts of project spending above exclude general research and development spending, which decreased to $3.9 million for fiscal 2012 compared to $6.5 million for fiscal 2011. This decrease is the result of reducing staffing levels pursuant to our strategic decision announced in September 2010 to focus resources and efforts on clinical trials of bremelanotide and PL-3994 and preclinical development of an inhaled formula of PL-3994 and a new peptide drug candidate for sexual dysfunction.

Cumulative spending from inception to June 30, 2012 on our bremelanotide, NeutroSpec and other programs (which includes PL-3994, other melanocortin receptor agonists, obesity and other discovery programs) amounts to approximately $154.7 million, $55.6 million and $59.4 million, respectively. Due to various risk factors described in this Annual Report, including the difficulty in currently estimating the costs and timing of future Phase 1 clinical trials and larger-scale Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials for any product under development, we cannot predict with reasonable certainty when, if ever, a program will advance to the next stage of development or be successfully completed, or when, if ever, related net cash inflows will be generated. See Item 1A - Risk Factors.

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General and Administrative – General and administrative expenses increased to $5.0 million for fiscal 2012 compared to $4.8 million for fiscal 2011. This increase is primarily the result of increases in stock-based compensation and professional fees.

Other Income (Expense) – Other income was $0.5 million and $0.2 million for fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011, respectively. This increase was attributable to the gain on disposition of supplies and equipment of $0.4 million as a result of closing our research laboratory facilities in July 2012 compared to a loss on disposition of supplies and equipment of $6,000 for fiscal 2011. Fiscal 2011 also included a $0.1 million gain on securities. For fiscal 2012 we recognized $32,000 of investment income compared to $0.1 million for fiscal 2011.

Income Tax Benefit – Income tax benefits of $1.1 million in fiscal 2012 and $0.6 million in fiscal 2011 relate to the sale of New Jersey state net operating loss carryforwards. The amount of such losses and tax credits that we are able to sell depends on annual pools and allocations established by the state of New Jersey.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since inception, we have incurred net operating losses, primarily related to spending on our research and development programs. We have financed our net operating losses primarily through equity financings and amounts received under collaborative agreements.

Our product candidates are at various stages of development and will require significant further research, development and testing and some may never be successfully developed or commercialized. We may experience uncertainties, delays, difficulties and expenses commonly experienced by early stage biopharmaceutical companies, which may include unanticipated problems and additional costs relating to:

●	the development and testing of products in animals and humans;

●	product approval or clearance;

●	regulatory compliance;

●	good manufacturing practices (GMPs);

●	intellectual property rights;

●	product introduction;

●	marketing, sales and competition; and

●	obtaining sufficient capital.

Failure to enter into collaboration agreements and obtain timely regulatory approval for our product candidates and indications would impact our ability to increase revenues and could make it more difficult to attract investment capital for funding our operations. Any of these possibilities could materially and adversely affect our operations and require us to curtail or cease certain programs.

During fiscal 2013, we used $13.6 million of cash for our operating activities, compared to $15.5 million used in fiscal 2012 and $11.0 million used in fiscal 2011. Lower net cash outflows from operations in fiscal 2013 compared to fiscal 2012 were primarily the result of decreased costs relating to our Phase 2B clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of bremelanotide for the treatment of FSD, while higher net cash outflows from operations in fiscal 2012 compared to fiscal 2011 resulted primarily from lower revenues and the increased costs relating to our Phase 2B clinical trial of bremelanotide for the treatment of FSD. Our periodic accounts receivable balances will continue to be highly dependent on the timing of receipts from collaboration partners and the division of development responsibilities between us and our collaboration partners.

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During fiscal 2013, net cash used in investing activities was $5.3 million, consisting of $6.0 million used for the purchase of short-term investments, $60,000 used for capital expenditures offset by the maturity of $750,000 of short-term investments and $5,000 in proceeds from the sale of equipment. During fiscal 2012, cash provided by investing activities consisted mainly of $0.5 million from the sale of supplies and equipment. During fiscal 2011, cash provided by investing activities was $3.4 million from the sale of available-for-sale investments.

During fiscal 2013, cash provided by financing activities of $34.3 million consisted primarily of the net proceeds from the completion of our private placement on July 3, 2012 offset by payments on capital lease obligations of $22,000 and payment of withholding taxes related to restricted stock units of $87,000. The private placement consisted of the sale of 3,873,000 shares of our common stock, Series A 2012 warrants to purchase up to 31,988,151 shares of our common stock, and Series B 2012 warrants to purchase up to 35,488,380 shares of our common stock. Aggregate gross proceeds to us were $35.0 million, with net proceeds, after deducting offering expenses, of $34.4 million. During fiscal 2012, net cash used in financing activities was $35,000, consisting entirely of payments on capital lease obligations. During fiscal 2011, cash provided by financing activities was approximately $21.0 million, primarily from net proceeds pursuant to the completion of our firm commitment public offering that closed on March 1, 2011 offset by payments on capital lease obligations of $23,000 and payment of withholding taxes related to restricted stock units of $26,000. The offering consisted of the sale of 23,000,000 units at a price to the public of $1.00 per unit. The units consisted of 23,000,000 shares of our common stock, Series A warrants to purchase 2,000,000 shares of our common stock, and Series B warrants to purchase 21,000,000 shares of our common stock.

We have incurred cumulative negative cash flows from operations since our inception, and have expended, and expect to continue to expend in the future, substantial funds to complete our planned product development efforts. As of June 30, 2013, our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments were $24.4 million and our current liabilities were $2.1 million.

We intend to utilize existing capital resources for general corporate purposes and working capital, including preparing for the Phase 3 clinical trial program with bremelanotide for FSD, preclinical development of our peptide MC1R program, preclinical and clinical development of our PL-3994 program and preclinical development of other portfolio products. We believe that the Phase 3 clinical trial program with bremelanotide will cost at least $78.0 million. We do not intend to initiate patient enrollment in the Phase 3 program unless we have adequate funds, or commitments for adequate funds, to complete the Phase 3 program. We intend to seek additional capital to support the Phase 3 program through collaborative arrangements on bremelanotide, public or private equity or debt financings, or other sources.

We believe that our existing capital resources will be adequate to fund our currently planned operations, including submitting complete protocols for pivotal Phase 3 studies to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but not initiating patient enrollment, through at least calendar year 2014.

We anticipate incurring additional losses over at least the next few years. To achieve profitability, if ever, we, alone or with others, must successfully develop and commercialize our technologies and proposed products, conduct preclinical studies and clinical trials, obtain required regulatory approvals and successfully manufacture and market such technologies and proposed products. The time required to reach profitability is highly uncertain, and we do not know whether we will be able to achieve profitability on a sustained basis, if at all.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

None.

Contractual Obligations

We have entered into various contractual obligations and commercial commitments. The following table summarizes our most significant contractual obligations as of June 30, 2013:

	Payments due by Period
	Total		Less than 1 Year		1 - 3 Years		3 - 5 Years		More than 5 Years
Facility operating leases	$	472,670	$	236,335	$	236,335	$	-	$	-
Capital lease obligations		20,615		20,615		-		-		-
Total contractual obligations	$	493,285	$	256,950	$	236,335	$	-	$	-

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Not applicable.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

Table of Contents

Consolidated Financial Statements

The following consolidated financial statements are filed as part of this Annual Report:

	Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		30

Consolidated Balance Sheets		31

Consolidated Statements of Operations		32

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss		33

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity		34

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		35

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		36

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Palatin Technologies, Inc.:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Palatin Technologies, Inc. and subsidiary as of June 30, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended June 30, 2013. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Palatin Technologies, Inc. and subsidiary as of June 30, 2013 and 2012, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended June 30, 2013, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

September 27, 2013

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PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC .
and Subsidiary
Consolidated Balance Sheets

	June 30, 2013			June 30, 2012
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	19,167,632		$	3,827,198
Short-term investments		5,249,654			-
Accounts receivable		-			27,631
Restricted cash		-			350,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		332,267			532,010
Total current assets		24,749,553			4,736,839

Property and equipment, net		266,415			318,653
Other assets		58,131			324,992
Total assets	$	25,074,099		$	5,380,484

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Capital lease obligations	$	19,909		$	22,277
Accounts payable		338,726			294,894
Accrued expenses		1,701,727			2,706,496
Accrued compensation		-			433,333
Total current liabilities		2,060,362			3,457,000

Capital lease obligations		-			19,909
Deferred rent		35,460			72,677
Total liabilities		2,095,822			3,549,586

Commitments and contengencies (Note 8)

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock of $0.01 par value – authorized 10,000,000 shares;
Series A Convertible; issued and outstanding 4,697 shares as of June 30, 2013 and 4,997 as of June 30, 2012		47			50
Common stock of $0.01 par value – authorized 300,000,000 shares;
issued and outstanding 39,116,948 shares as of June 30, 2013 and 34,900,591 as of June 30, 2012, respectively		391,169			349,006
Additional paid-in capital		282,692,520			240,725,127
Accumulated deficit		(260,105,459	)		(239,243,285	)
Total stockholders’ equity		22,978,277			1,830,898
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	25,074,099		$	5,380,484

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Operations

	Year Ended June 30,
	2013			2012			2011

REVENUES:
License and contract	$	10,361		$	73,736		$	497,540
Grant		-			-			977,917
		10,361			73,736			1,475,457

OPERATING EXPENSES:
Research and development		10,528,691			13,813,376			10,377,019
General and administrative		5,066,830			5,045,741			4,751,824
Total operating expenses		15,595,521			18,859,117			15,128,843

Loss from operations		(15,585,160	)		(18,785,381	)		(13,653,386	)

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):
Investment income		42,734			32,133			99,258
Interest expense		(8,411	)		(10,411	)		(10,606	)
Increase in fair value of warrants		(7,069,165	)		-			(2,266	)
Gain on sale of securities		-			-			119,346
Gain on disposition of supplies and equipment		4,620			442,248			(5,666	)
Total other income (expense), net		(7,030,222	)		463,970			200,066

Loss before income taxes		(22,615,382	)		(18,321,411	)		(13,453,320	)
Income tax benefit		1,753,208			1,068,233			637,391

NET LOSS	$	(20,862,174	)	$	(17,253,178	)	$	(12,815,929	)

Basic and diluted net loss per common share	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.49	)	$	(0.64	)

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding used in computing basic and diluted net loss per common share		97,618,714			34,900,591			20,084,022

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

	Year Ended June 30,
	2013			2012			2011
Net loss	$	(20,862,174	)	$	(17,253,178	)	$	(12,815,929	)
Other comprehensive loss Unrealized loss on investments		-			-			(19,304	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(20,862,174	)	$	(17,253,178	)	$	(12,835,233	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

																Accumulated
													Additional			Other
	Preferred Stock						Common Stock						Paid-in			Comprehensive			Accumulated
	Shares			Amount			Shares			Amount			Capital			Income			Deficit			Total
Balance, June 30, 2010		4,997		$	50			11,702,818		$	117,028		$	218,236,723		$	138,650		$	(209,174,178	)	$	9,318,273
Stock split adjustment for fractional shares		-			-			(46	)		-			-			-			-			-
Sale of common stock units, net of costs		-			-			23,000,000			230,000			15,688,150			-			-			15,918,150
Reclassification of warrants from liability
to equity		-			-			-			-			5,115,130			-			-			5,115,130
Exercise of warrants		-			-			32,200			322			64,078			-			-			64,400
Stock-based compensation		-			-			183,500			1,835			754,762			-			-			756,597
Payment of withholding taxes related to
restricted stock units		-			-			(17,881	)		(179	)		(26,017	)		-			-			(26,196	)
Realized gain on sale of securities		-			-			-			-			-			(119,346	)		-			(119,346	)
Unrealized loss on investments		-			-			-			-			-			(19,304	)		-			(19,304	)
Net loss		-			-			-			-			-			-			(12,815,929	)		(12,815,929	)
Balance, June 30, 2011		4,997			50			34,900,591			349,006			239,832,826			-			(221,990,107	)		18,191,775
Stock-based compensation		-			-			-			-			892,301			-			-			892,301
Net loss		-			-			-			-			-			-			(17,253,178	)		(17,253,178	)
Balance, June 30, 2012		4,997			50			34,900,591			349,006			240,725,127			-			(239,243,285	)		1,830,898
Stock-based compensation		-			-			500,000			5,000			620,031			-			-			625,031
Sale of common stock, net of costs		-			-			3,873,000			38,730			17,403,075			-			-			17,441,805
Reclassification of warrants from liability
to equity		-			-			-			-			24,030,128			-			-			24,030,128
Payment of withholding taxes related to
restricted stock units		-			-			(158,264	)		(1,583	)		(85,828	)		-			-			(87,411	)
Series A Conversion		(300	)		(3	)		1,621			16			(13	)		-			-			-
Net loss		-			-			-			-			-			-			(20,862,174	)		(20,862,174	)
Balance, June 30, 2013		4,697		$	47			39,116,948		$	391,169		$	282,692,520		$	-		$	(260,105,459	)	$	22,978,277

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Year Ended June 30,
	2013			2012			2011
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$	(20,862,174	)	$	(17,253,178	)	$	(12,815,929	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash
used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		111,844			949,542			1,138,183
Accrued interest and amortization on premium/discount		(1,365	)		-			-
Gain on sale of available-for-sale investments		-			-			(119,346	)
Gain on disposition of supplies and equipment		(4,620	)		(442,248	)		5,666
Stock-based compensation		625,031			892,301			756,597
Increase in fair value of warrants		7,069,165			-			2,266
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		27,631			103,518			(128,270	)
Prepaid expenses, restricted cash and other assets		816,605			(340,268	)		263,280
Accounts payable		43,832			(202,014	)		341,113
Accrued expenses, compensation and deferred rent		(1,475,319	)		851,550			(519,899	)
Unearned revenue		-			(46,105	)		46,105
Net cash used in operating activities		(13,649,370	)		(15,486,902	)		(11,030,234	)

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from sale/maturity of investments		750,000			-			3,442,885
Proceeds from sale of supplies and equipment		4,620			494,384			5,300
Purchases of property and equipment		(59,607	)		(15,000	)		-
Purchases of investments		(5,998,289	)		-			-
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(5,303,276	)		479,384			3,448,185

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Payments on capital lease obligations		(22,277	)		(34,923	)		(22,960	)
Payment of withholding taxes related to restricted
stock units		(87,411	)		-			(26,196	)
Proceeds from sale of common stock units		34,402,768			-			21,095,414
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		34,293,080			(34,923	)		21,046,258

NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH
AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		15,340,434			(15,042,441	)		13,464,209

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of year		3,827,198			18,869,639			5,405,430

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of year	$	19,167,632		$	3,827,198		$	18,869,639

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for interest	$	8,411		$	9,984		$	10,606
Equipment acquired under financing arrangements		-			-			66,115
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale investments		-			-			(19,304	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) ORGANIZATION:

Nature of Business – Palatin Technologies, Inc. (Palatin or the Company) is a biopharmaceutical company developing targeted, receptor-specific peptide therapeutics for the treatment of diseases with significant unmet medical need and commercial potential. Palatin’s programs are based on molecules that modulate the activity of the melanocortin and natriuretic peptide receptor systems. The melanocortin system is involved in a large and diverse number of physiologic functions, and therapeutic agents modulating this system may have the potential to treat a variety of conditions and diseases, including sexual dysfunction, obesity and related disorders, cachexia (wasting syndrome) and inflammation-related diseases. The natriuretic peptide receptor system has numerous cardiovascular functions, and therapeutic agents modulating this system may be useful in treatment of acute asthma, heart failure, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.

The Company’s primary product in development is bremelanotide for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction (FSD). The Company also has drug candidates or development programs for obesity, erectile dysfunction, pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases, dermatologic diseases and inflammatory diseases. The Company has an exclusive global research collaboration and license agreement with AstraZeneca AB (AstraZeneca) to commercialize compounds that target melanocortin receptors for the treatment of obesity, diabetes and related metabolic syndrome.

Key elements of the Company’s business strategy include using its technology and expertise to develop and commercialize therapeutic products; entering into alliances and partnerships with pharmaceutical companies to facilitate the development, manufacture, marketing, sale and distribution of product candidates that the Company is developing; and partially funding its product candidate development programs with the cash flow generated from the Company’s license agreements with AstraZeneca and any other companies.

Business Risk and Liquidity – The Company has incurred negative cash flows from operations since its inception, and has expended, and expects to continue to expend in the future, substantial funds to complete its planned product development efforts. As shown in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company had an accumulated deficit as of June 30, 2013 of $260.1 million and incurred a net loss for fiscal 2013 of $20.9 million. The Company anticipates incurring additional losses in the future as a result of spending on its development programs. To achieve profitability, the Company, alone or with others, must successfully develop and commercialize its technologies and proposed products, conduct successful preclinical studies and clinical trials, obtain required regulatory approvals and successfully manufacture and market such technologies and proposed products. The time required to reach profitability is highly uncertain, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to achieve profitability on a sustained basis, if at all.

As of June 30, 2013, the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments were $24.4 million. The Company intends to utilize existing capital resources for general corporate purposes and working capital, including preparing for the Phase 3 clinical trial program with bremelanotide for FSD, preclinical development of its peptide melanocortin receptor-1 program, preclinical and clinical development of its PL-3994 program and preclinical development of other portfolio products. Management believes that the Phase 3 clinical trial program with bremelanotide will cost at least $78.0 million. The Company does not intend to initiate patient enrollment in the Phase 3 program unless the Company has adequate funds, or commitments for adequate funds, to complete the Phase 3 program. The Company intends to seek additional capital to support the Phase 3 program through collaborative arrangements on bremelanotide, public or private equity or debt financings, or other sources.

Management believes that the Company’s existing capital resources will be adequate to fund its currently planned operations, including submitting complete protocols for pivotal Phase 3 studies to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but not initiating patient enrollment, through at least calendar year 2014.

Concentrations – Concentrations in the Company’s assets and operations subject it to certain related risks. Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash, cash equivalents and investments. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are primarily invested in one money market fund sponsored by a large financial institution and the Company’s investments are invested in U.S government securities. For each of the years in the three-year period ended June 30, 2013, all license and contract revenues were from AstraZeneca.

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(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

Principles of Consolidation – The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Palatin and its wholly-owned inactive subsidiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates – The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash in banks and all highly liquid investments with a purchased maturity of less than three months. Cash equivalents consist of $16,284,184 and $3,344,146 in a money market fund at June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Investments – The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments in debt and equity securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determinations at each balance sheet date. Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has the intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Debt securities for which the Company does not have the intent or ability to hold to maturity are classified as available-for-sale. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded as either short-term or long-term on the balance sheet, based on the contractual maturity date and are stated at amortized cost. Marketable securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in earnings. Debt and marketable equity securities not classified as held-to-maturity or as trading are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair market value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, included in the determination of comprehensive loss.

The fair value of substantially all securities is determined by quoted market prices. The estimated fair value of securities for which there are no quoted market prices is based on similar types of securities that are traded in the market.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments – The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and capital lease obligations. Management believes that the carrying values of these assets and liabilities are representative of their respective fair values based on quoted market prices for investments and the short-term nature of the other instruments.

Property and Equipment – Property and equipment consists of office and laboratory equipment, office furniture and leasehold improvements and includes assets acquired under capital leases. Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, generally five years for laboratory and computer equipment, seven years for office furniture and equipment and the lesser of the term of the lease or the useful life for leasehold improvements. Amortization of assets acquired under capital leases is included in depreciation expense. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred while expenditures that extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets – The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. To determine recoverability of a long-lived asset, management evaluates whether the estimated future undiscounted net cash flows from the asset are less than its carrying amount. If impairment is indicated, the long-lived asset would be written down to fair value. Fair value is determined by an evaluation of available price information at which assets could be bought or sold, including quoted market prices, if available, or the present value of the estimated future cash flows based on reasonable and supportable assumptions.

Deferred Rent – The Company’s operating leases provide for rent increases over the terms of the leases. Deferred rent consists of the difference between periodic rent payments and the amount recognized as rent expense on a straight-line basis, as well as tenant allowances for leasehold improvements. Rent expenses are being recognized ratably over the terms of the leases.

Revenue Recognition – Revenue from corporate collaborations and licensing agreements consists of up-front fees, research and development funding, and milestone payments. Non-refundable up-front fees are deferred and amortized to revenue over the related performance period. The Company estimates the performance period as the period in which it performs certain development activities under the applicable agreement. Reimbursements for research and development activities are recorded in the period that the Company performs the related activities under the terms of the applicable agreements. Revenue resulting from the achievement of milestone events stipulated in the applicable agreements is recognized when the milestone is achieved, provided that such milestone is substantive in nature. Revenue from grants is recognized as the Company provides the services stipulated in the underlying grants based on the time and materials incurred.

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Research and Development Costs – The costs of research and development activities are charged to expense as incurred, including the cost of equipment for which there is no alternative future use.

Accrued Expenses – Third parties perform a significant portion of our development activities. We review the activities performed under significant contracts each quarter and accrue expenses and the amount of any reimbursement to be received from our collaborators based upon the estimated amount of work completed. Estimating the value or stage of completion of certain services requires judgment based on available information. If we do not identify services performed for us but not billed by the service-provider, or if we underestimate or overestimate the value of services performed as of a given date, reported expenses will be understated or overstated.

Stock-Based Compensation – The Company charges to expense the fair value of stock options and other equity awards granted. The Company determines the value of stock options utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Compensation costs for share-based awards with pro-rata vesting are allocated to periods on a straight-line basis.

Income Taxes – The Company and its subsidiary file consolidated federal and separate-company state income tax returns. Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences or operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets based on the history of losses incurred.

During the years ended June 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company sold New Jersey state net operating loss carryforwards, which resulted in the recognition of $1,753,208, $1,068,233, and $637,391, respectively, in tax benefits.

Net Loss per Common Share – Basic and diluted earnings per common share (EPS) are calculated in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 260, “Earnings per Share,” which includes guidance pertaining to the warrants, issued in connection with the July 3, 2012 private placement offering, that are exercisable for nominal consideration and, therefore, are to be considered in the computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share. The Series A 2012 warrants to purchase up to 31,988,151 shares of common stock were exercisable starting at July 3, 2012 and, therefore, are included in the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used in computing basic and diluted net loss per common share starting on July 3, 2012.

The Series B 2012 warrants to purchase up to 35,488,380 shares of common stock were considered contingently issuable shares and were not included in computing basic net loss per common share until the Company received stockholder approval for the increase in authorized underlying common stock on September 27, 2012 (see note 10). For diluted EPS, contingently issuable shares are to be included in the calculation as of the beginning of the period in which the conditions were satisfied, unless the effect would be anti-dilutive. The Series B 2012 warrants have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share during the period from July 3, 2012 until September 27, 2012 as the impact would be anti-dilutive.

As of June 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011, there were 29,136,527, 27,179,180, and 27,130,580 common shares issuable upon conversion of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, the exercise of outstanding options and warrants (excluding the warrants issued in connection with the July 3, 2013 private placement offering), and the vesting of restricted stock units, respectively. These share amounts have been excluded from the calculation of net loss per share as the impact would be anti-dilutive.

(3) NEW AND RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In June 2011, the FASB issued an update to its authoritative guidance which allows only two options for presenting the components of net loss and other comprehensive loss: (1) in a single continuous financial statement or (2) in two separate but consecutive financial statements. The guidance is effective in two stages. The requirements to present a single continuous statement or two separate but consecutive statements was effective for us beginning July 1, 2012. The second stage requires us to disclose the effects of reclassification adjustments from other comprehensive loss to net loss and is effective for us on July 1, 2013. For items reclassified in their entirety, we are required to disclose the effect of the reclassification on each line of net loss that is affected by the reclassification adjustment. For items not reclassified in their entirety, we are required to add a cross reference to the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles disclosure that includes additional information about the effect of the reclassification. The adoption of these updates affect presentation only and therefore did not impact our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

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(4) AGREEMENT WITH ASTRAZENECA

In January 2007, the Company entered into an exclusive global research collaboration and license agreement with AstraZeneca to discover, develop and commercialize compounds that target melanocortin receptors for the treatment of obesity, diabetes and related metabolic syndrome. In June 2008, the license agreement was amended to include additional compounds and associated intellectual property developed by the Company. In December 2008, the license agreement was further amended to include additional compounds and associated intellectual property developed by the Company and extended the research collaboration for an additional year through January 2010. In September 2009, the license agreement was further amended to modify royalty rates and milestone payments. The collaboration is based on the Company’s melanocortin receptor obesity program and includes access to compound libraries, core technologies and expertise in melanocortin receptor drug discovery and development. As part of the September 2009 amendment to the research collaboration and license agreement, the Company agreed to conduct additional studies on the effects of melanocortin receptor specific compounds on food intake, obesity and other metabolic parameters.

In December 2009 and 2008, the Company also entered into clinical trial sponsored research agreements with AstraZeneca, under which the Company agreed to conduct studies of the effects of melanocortin receptor specific compounds on food intake, obesity and other metabolic parameters. Under the terms of these clinical trial agreements, AstraZeneca paid $5,000,000 as of March 31, 2009 upon achieving certain objectives and paid all costs associated with these studies. The Company recognized $10,361, $73,736, and $497,540, respectively, as revenue in the years ended June 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011 under these clinical trial sponsored research agreements.

The Company received an up-front payment of $10,000,000 from AstraZeneca on execution of the research collaboration and license agreement. Under the September 2009 amendment the Company was paid an additional $5,000,000 in consideration of reduction of future milestones and royalties and providing specific materials to AstraZeneca. The Company is now eligible for milestone payments totaling up to $145,250,000, with up to $85,250,000 contingent on development and regulatory milestones and the balance contingent on achievement of sales targets. In addition, the Company is eligible to receive mid to high single digit royalties on sales of any approved products. AstraZeneca assumed responsibility for product commercialization, product discovery and development costs, with both companies contributing scientific expertise in the research collaboration. The Company provided research services to AstraZeneca through January 2010, the expiration of the research collaboration portion of the research collaboration and license agreement, at a contractual rate per full-time-equivalent employee.

(5) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The fair value of cash equivalents and short-term investments are classified using a hierarchy prioritized based on inputs. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on management’s own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

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The following table provides the assets carried at fair value:

	Carrying Value		Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1)		Other quoted/observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
June 30, 2013:
Money Market Fund	$	16,284,184	$	16,284,184	$	-	$	-
U.S. Government Securities		5,249,654		5,249,160		-		-
TOTAL	$	21,533,838	$	21,533,344	$	-	$	-

June 30, 2012:
Money Market Fund	$	3,344,146	$	3,344,146	$	-	$	-

(6) PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property and equipment, net, consists of the following:

	June 30,			June 30,
	2013			2012
Office equipment	$	1,180,210		$	1,157,553
Laboratory equipment		311,369			317,418
Leasehold improvements		751,226			7,088,462
		2,242,805			8,563,433
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(1,976,390	)		(8,244,780	)
	$	266,415		$	318,653

In connection with the lease expiration in July 2012 of the Company’s 28,000 square foot research and development facility, the Company abandoned fully depreciated leasehold improvements with a cost basis of $6,352,411.

The aggregate cost of assets acquired under capital leases was $66,115 as of June 30, 2013 and $152,765 as of June 30, 2012. Accumulated amortization associated with assets acquired under capital leases was $27,548 as of June 30, 2013 and $100,975 as of June 30, 2012.

(7) ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

	June 30,		June 30,
	2013		2012
Clinical study costs	$	1,054,270	$	1,752,392
Other research related expenses		186,241		253,968
Professional services		208,731		444,601
Insurance premiums payable		125,671		130,973
Other		126,814		124,562
	$	1,701,727	$	2,706,496

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(8) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Leases – Effective January 31, 2011, the Company terminated the lease on 12,000 square feet of laboratory space in another building in the same center as the Company’s corporate offices and research and development facilities, which lease would have otherwise terminated in February 2012. Under the lease termination agreement the Company paid a $60,000 termination fee, which was charged to expense. Effective July 31, 2012, the lease on 28,000 square feet of the Company’s research and development facilities expired. The Company currently leases facilities under a non-cancelable operating leases, which expires in June 2015. Future minimum lease payments under these leases are as follows:

Year Ending June 30,
2014	$	236,335
2015		236,335
	$	472,670

For the years ended June 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011, rent expense was $372,754, $915,469, and $1,242,708, respectively.

Capital Leases – The Company has acquired certain of its equipment under leases classified as capital leases. Scheduled future payments related to capital leases as of June 30, 2013 are as follows:

Year Ending June 30,
2014	$	20,615
Amount representing interest		(706	)
Net	$	19,909

Employment Agreements – The Company has employment agreements with two executive officers which provide a stated annual compensation amount, subject to annual increases, and annual bonus compensation in an amount to be approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. Each agreement allows the Company or the employee to terminate the agreement in certain circumstances. In some circumstances, early termination by the Company may result in severance pay to the employee for a period of 18 to 24 months at the salary then in effect, continuation of health insurance premiums over the severance period and immediate vesting of all stock options and restricted stock units. Termination following a change in control will result in a lump sum payment of one and one-half to two times the salary then in effect and immediate vesting of all stock options and restricted stock units.

Employee Retirement Savings Plan – The Company maintains a defined contribution 401(k) plan for the benefit of its employees. The Company currently matches a portion of employee contributions to the plan. For the years ended June 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011, Company contributions were $150,256, $124,351, and $153,780, respectively.

Contingencies – The Company accounts for litigation losses in accordance with ASC 450-20, “Loss Contingencies.” Under ASC 450-20, loss contingency provisions are recorded for probable losses when management is able to reasonably estimate the loss. Any outcome upon settlement that deviates from the Company’s best estimate may result in additional expense or in a reduction in expense in a future accounting period. The Company records legal expenses associated with such contingencies as incurred.

The Company is involved, from time to time, in various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business. The Company is not currently a party to any such claims or proceedings that, if decided adversely to it, would either individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations.

(9) GRANT REVENUE

In October 2010, the Company was awarded $977,917 in grants under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. The grants related to four of the Company’s projects: melanocortin agonists for sexual dysfunction; melanocortin agonists for obesity and related metabolic syndrome; natriuretic peptide mimetic PL-3994 for acute asthma; and subcutaneously-delivered natriuretic peptide mimetic PL-3994 for cardiovascular disease.

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(10) STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock – As of June 30, 2013, 4,697 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock were outstanding. Each share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into the number of shares of common stock equal to $100 divided by the Series A Conversion Price. As of June 30, 2013, the Series A Conversion Price was $8.89, so each share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is currently convertible into approximately 11.25 shares of common stock. The Series A Conversion Price is subject to adjustment, under certain circumstances, upon the sale or issuance of common stock for consideration per share less than either (i) the Series A Conversion Price in effect on the date of such sale or issuance, or (ii) the market price of the common stock as of the date of such sale or issuance. The Series A Conversion Price is also subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of a merger, reorganization, consolidation, reclassification, stock dividend or stock split which will result in an increase or decrease in the number of shares of common stock outstanding. Shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock have a preference in liquidation, including certain merger transactions, of $100 per share, or $469,700 in the aggregate as of June 30, 2013. Additionally, the Company may not pay a dividend or make any distribution to holders of any class of stock unless the Company first pays a special dividend or distribution of $100 per share to holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

Common Stock Transactions – On July 3, 2012, the Company closed on a private placement offering in which the Company sold, for aggregate proceeds of $35.0 million, 3,873,000 shares of its common stock, Series A 2012 warrants to purchase up to 31,988,151 shares of common stock, and Series B 2012 warrants to purchase up to 35,488,380 shares of common stock. These warrants are exercisable at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, and expire ten years from the date of issuance. The holders may exercise the warrants on a cashless basis. The warrants are subject to a blocker provision prohibiting exercise of the warrants if the holder and its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the total number of shares of common stock of the Company following such exercise (as may be adjusted to the extent set forth in the warrant). The warrants also provide that in the event of a Company Controlled Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the warrants), the Company may, at the election of the warrant holder, be required to redeem all or a portion of the warrants at an amount tied to the greater of the then market price of the Company’s common stock or the amount per share paid to any other person .

Because there were not sufficient authorized shares to cover all the outstanding Series B 2012 warrants in the private placement offering as of closing, under ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” the portion of the warrants above the then authorized level of common stock was required to be classified as a liability and carried at fair value on the Company’s balance sheet. The fair value, including the initial fair value liability of $16,960,963, was calculated by multiplying the number of shares underlying the Series B 2012 warrants above the then authorized level of the Company’s common stock by the closing price of its common stock less the exercise price of $0.01 per share. The warrants were liability classified through September 27, 2012, at which time the then fair value of the warrant liability was reclassified into stockholders’ equity upon stockholder approval of the increase in authorized common stock. The increase in fair value, as a result of the Company’s common stock increasing from $0.50 per share at date of issuance to $0.71 per share upon shareholder approval, of $7,069,165 has been recorded as a non-operating expense for the year ended June 30, 2013.

The purchase agreement for the private placement provides that the purchasers, funds under the management of QVT Financial LP, have certain rights until July 3, 2018, including rights of first refusal and participation in any subsequent equity or debt financing, provided that the funds own at least 20% of the outstanding common stock of the Company calculated as if warrants held by the funds were exercised. The purchase agreement also contains certain restrictive covenants so long as the funds continue to hold specified amounts of warrants or beneficially own specified amounts of the outstanding shares of common stock.

The net proceeds to the Company were $34.4 million, after deducting offering expenses payable by the Company and excluding the proceeds to the Company, if any, from the exercise of the warrants issued in the offering.

On March 1, 2011, the Company closed on a firm commitment public offering in which the Company sold 23,000,000 shares of its common stock, Series A Warrants to purchase up to 2,000,000 shares of its common stock, and Series B Warrants to purchase up to 21,000,000 shares of its common stock. The Series A Warrants are exercisable starting March 1, 2011 at an exercise price of $1.00 per share and are exercisable at any time until March 1, 2016. The Series B Warrants become exercisable starting on March 2, 2012 at an exercise price of $1.00 per share and are exercisable at any time until March 2, 2017.

Gross proceeds from this offering were $23,000,000, and net proceeds to the Company, after deducting underwriting discounts and other offering expenses, were $21,031,014. In connection with the offering, the Company also issued warrants to the underwriters as part of their compensation to purchase up to 575,000 shares of the Company’s common stock which become exercisable starting on March 2, 2012 at an exercise price of $1.00 per share and are exercisable at any time until February 23, 2016.

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Because there was not an adequate level of authorized shares to cover all the outstanding warrants in the firm commitment public offering as of closing, under ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” the portion of the warrants above the then authorized level of common stock were required to be classified as a liability and carried at their current fair value on the Company’s balance sheet. The fair value was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The warrants were revalued through May 11, 2011, t he date the warrants ceased to be classified as a liability upon stockholder approval of the increase in authorized common stock, at which time the then fair value of the warrant liability was reclassified into stockholders’ equity. The increase in fair value of $2,266 from the date of issuance through May 11, 2011 has been recorded as a non-operating expense.

Outstanding Stock Purchase Warrants – As of June 30, 2013, the Company had outstanding warrants exercisable for shares of common stock as follows:

Shares of Common		Exercise Price per		Latest Termination
Stock		Share		Date
	317,776	$	3.00	August 30, 2013
	50,000		0.75	January 24, 2014
	331,969		3.30	August 12, 2014
	50,000		0.60	November 9, 2014
	50,000		1.00	November 9, 2014
	100,000		1.50	November 9, 2014
	575,000		1.00	February 23, 2016
	2,000,000		1.00	March 1, 2016
	21,000,000		1.00	March 2, 2017
	31,988,151		0.01	July 3, 2022
	35,488,380		0.01	September 27, 2022
	91,951,276

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2012, the Company issued warrants to consultants as part of their compensation to purchase up to 350,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. These warrants vest at various times and under certain conditions through November 2012. For the years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, the Company recorded stock-based compensation related to these warrants of $26,000 and $41,134, respectively.

In August 2010, the Company received $64,400 and issued 32,200 shares of common stock pursuant to the exercise of warrants at an exercise price of $2.00 per share.

Stock Plan – The Company’s 2011 Stock Incentive Plan was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders held in May 2011 and amended at the annual meeting of stockholders held on June 27, 2013. The 2011 Stock Incentive Plan provides for incentive and nonqualified stock option grants and other stock-based awards to employees, non-employee directors and consultants for up to 7,000,000 shares of common stock. The 2011 Stock Incentive Plan is administered under the direction of the Board of Directors, which may specify grant terms and recipients. Options granted by the Company generally expire ten years from the date of grant and generally vest over three to four years. The 2005 Stock Plan was terminated and replaced by the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, and shares of common stock that were available for grant under the 2005 Stock Plan became available for grant under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan. No new awards can be granted under the 2005 Stock Plan, but awards granted under the 2005 Stock Plan remain outstanding in accordance with their terms. As of June 30, 2013, 2,936,331 shares were available for grant under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan.

The Company also has outstanding options that were granted under a previous plan. The Company expects to settle option exercises under any of its plans with authorized but currently unissued shares.

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The following table summarizes option activity for the years ended June 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

	2013					2012					2011
				Weighted					Weighted					Weighted
				Average					Average					Average
	Number of			Exercise		Number of			Exercise		Number of			Exercise
	Shares			Price		Shares			Price		Shares			Price
Outstanding at
beginning of year		2,181,853		$	3.50		2,231,898		$	4.05		957,374		$	13.20
Granted		1,807,300			0.65		75,000			0.65		1,576,275			0.93
Forfeited		(74,985	)		5.20		(90,870	)		3.64		(234,951	)		10.02
Exercised		-			-		-			-		-			-
Expired		(62,720	)		11.91		(34,175	)		33.07		(66,800	)		41.14
Outstanding at
end of year		3,851,448			1.99		2,181,853			3.50		2,231,898			4.05
Exercisable at
end of year		1,673,973			3.64		1,323,965			5.10		809,918			9.28
Weighted average
grant-date fair value of options granted during the year				$	0.56				$	0.47				$	0.77