REMARK HOLDINGS, INC. (Form: 8-K, Received: 10/11/2022 09:09:48)

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of report (Date of earliest event reported): October 6, 2022

Remark Holdings, Inc.

Delaware

001-33720

33-1135689

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)

(Commission File Number)

(IRS Employer Identification No.)

800 S. Commerce Street

Las Vegas, NV

89106

702-701-9514

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report.)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

☐ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share

MARK

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

☐ Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange

Act. ☐

Item 1.01 Entry into Material Definitive Agreement.

Convertible Subordinated Debenture and Equity Line of Credit

On October 6, 2022, Remark Holdings, Inc. (“Remark,” “we,” “us” or “our”) entered into a debenture purchase agreement (the “Debenture Purchase Agreement”) with Ionic Ventures, LLC (“Ionic”), pursuant to which we issued a convertible subordinated debenture in the original principal amount of $2,778,000 (the “Debenture”) to Ionic for a purchase price of $2,500,000.

The Debenture accrues interest at a rate of 8% per annum. The interest rate on the Debenture increases to a rate of 15% per annum if the Debenture is not fully paid or converted by February 6, 2023 (the “Trigger Date”) or upon the occurrence of certain trigger events (the “Trigger Events”), including, without limitation, the suspension from trading or the delisting of our common stock from Nasdaq and the occurrence of any material adverse effect. In addition, if the Debenture is not fully paid or converted by the Trigger Date, the original principal amount of the Debenture will be deemed to have been $3,334,000 from the issuance date. The Debenture matures on June 6, 2023.

The Debenture automatically converts into shares of common stock at the earlier of (i) the effectiveness of a registration statement registering the resale of certain Registrable Securities as such term is defined in the Registration Rights Agreement (as defined below) including, without limitation, the shares issuable upon conversion of the Debenture (the “Conversion Shares”) (such registration statement, the “Resale Registration Statement”), and (ii) 181 days after the issuance date of the Debenture. The number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Debenture shall be determined by dividing the outstanding balance under the Debenture (including all accrued and unpaid interest and accrued and unpaid late charges, if any) by a conversion price that is the lower of (x) 80% (or 70% if our common stock is not then trading on Nasdaq) of the average of the 10 lowest volume-weighted average prices (“VWAPs”) over a specified measurement period following the conversion date, and (y) $0.50 (the “Fixed Conversion Price”), subject to full ratchet anti-dilution protection in the event we issue certain equity securities at a price below the then Fixed Conversion Price. Additionally, in the event of a bankruptcy, we are required to redeem the Debenture in cash in an amount equal to the then outstanding balance of the Debenture multiplied by 120%, subject, however, to the provisions of the Subordination Agreement (as defined below). The Debenture further provides that we will not effect the conversion of any portion of the Debenture, and the holder thereof will not have the right to a conversion of any portion of the Debenture, to the extent that after giving effect to such conversion, the holder together with its affiliates would beneficially own more than 4.99% of the outstanding shares of our common stock immediately after giving effect to such conversion (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”).

Also, on October 6, 2022, we entered into a purchase agreement (the “ELOC Purchase Agreement”) with Ionic, which provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations set forth therein, we have the right to direct Ionic to purchase up to an aggregate of $50,000,000 of shares of our common stock over the 36-month term of the ELOC Purchase Agreement. Under the ELOC Purchase Agreement, after the satisfaction of certain commencement conditions, including, without limitation, the effectiveness of the Resale Registration Statement and that the Debenture shall have been fully converted into shares of common stock or shall otherwise have been fully redeemed and settled in all respects in accordance with the terms of the Debenture, we have the right to present Ionic with a purchase notice (each, a “Purchase Notice”) directing Ionic to purchase any amount up to $3,000,000 of our common stock per trading day, at a per share price (the “Purchase Price”) equal to 90% (or 80% if our common stock is not then trading on Nasdaq) of the average of the 5 lowest VWAPs over a specified measurement period. With each purchase under the ELOC Purchase Agreement, we are required to deliver to Ionic an additional number of shares equal to 2.5% of the number of shares of common stock deliverable upon such purchase. The number of shares that we can issue to Ionic from time to time under the ELOC Purchase Agreement shall be subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation.

In addition, Ionic will not be required to buy any shares of our common stock pursuant to a Purchase Notice on any trading day on which the closing trade price of our common stock is below $0.25. We will control the timing and amount of sales of our common stock to Ionic. Ionic has no right to require any sales by us, and is obligated to make purchases from us as directed solely by us in accordance with the ELOC Purchase Agreement. The ELOC Purchase Agreement provides that we will not be required or permitted to issue, and Ionic will not be required to purchase, any shares under the ELOC Purchase Agreement if such issuance would violate Nasdaq rules, and we may, in our sole discretion, determine whether to obtain stockholder approval to issue shares in excess of 19.99% of our outstanding shares of common stock if such issuance would require stockholder approval under Nasdaq rules. Ionic has agreed that neither it nor any of its agents, representatives and affiliates will engage in any direct or indirect short-selling or hedging our common stock during any time prior to the termination of the ELOC Purchase Agreement.

The ELOC Purchase Agreement may be terminated by us if certain conditions to commence have not been satisfied by December 31, 2022. The ELOC Purchase Agreement may also be terminated by us at any time after commencement, at our discretion; provided, however, that if we sold less than $25,000,000 to Ionic (other than as a result of our inability to sell shares to Ionic as a result of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, our failure to have sufficient shares authorized or our failure to obtain stockholder approval to issue more than 19.99% of our outstanding shares), we will pay to Ionic a termination fee of

$500,000, which is payable, at our option, in cash or in shares of common stock at a price equal to the closing price on the day immediately preceding the date of receipt of the termination notice. Further, the ELOC Purchase Agreement will automatically terminate on the date that we sell, and Ionic purchases, the full $50,000,000 amount under the agreement or, if the full amount has not been purchased, on the expiration of the 36-month term of the ELOC Purchase Agreement.

Concurrently with entering into the Debenture Purchase Agreement and the ELOC Purchase Agreement, we also entered into a registration rights agreement with Ionic (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), in which we agreed to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) one or more registration statements, as necessary, and to the extent permissible and subject to certain exceptions, to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the resale of the shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of the Debenture, the shares of common stock that may be issued to Ionic under the ELOC Purchase Agreement and the shares of common stock that may be issued to Ionic if we fail to comply with our obligations in the Registration Rights Agreement. The Registration Rights Agreement requires that we file, within 30 days after signing, the Resale Registration Statement and use commercially reasonable efforts to have the Resale Registration Statement declared effective by the SEC on or before the earlier of (i) 90 days after signing (or 120 days if such registration statement is subject to full review by the SEC) and (ii) the 2nd business day after we are notified we will not be subject to further SEC review. If we fail to file or have the Resale Registration Statement declared effective by the specified deadlines, then in each instance, we will issue to Ionic 150,000 shares of our common stock within 2 trading days after such failure, and with respect to the Conversion Shares, we will additionally pay in cash, as liquidated damages, an amount equal to 2% of the amount then currently outstanding under the Debenture for failure to file and have the Resale Registration Statement declared effective by the same deadlines set forth above for each 30-day period after each such failure.

The foregoing descriptions of the Debenture Purchase Agreement, the Debenture, the ELOC Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of such documents, which are filed as Exhibits 10.1, 4.1, 10.2 and 10.3, respectively, and are incorporated herein by reference.

Mudrick Waiver and Subordination Agreement

On October 6, 2022, we also entered into a Provisional Waiver and Consent Agreement (the “Mudrick Waiver”) to the Senior Secured Loan Agreements, dated as of December 3, 2021 (the “Senior Loan Agreements”), that we, together with certain of our subsidiaries as guarantors, are party to with certain institutional lenders affiliated with Mudrick Capital Management, LP (collectively, the “Senior Lender”). Pursuant to the Mudrick Waiver, the Senior Lender agreed, among other things, to (i) waive certain existing events of default under the Senior Loan Agreement, (ii) defer payment of interest for the months of July, August and September 2022 to October 6, 2022, the closing date of the Debenture Purchase Agreement, and (iii) consent to the issuance of the Debenture and the other transactions contemplated by the Debenture Purchase Agreement. In connection with the Mudrick Waiver, we became a party to a Subordination and Intercreditor Agreement with the Senior Lender and Ionic (the “Subordination Agreement”), pursuant to which Ionic agreed, among other things, that all of our obligations to Ionic under the Debenture will be fully and unconditionally junior and subordinate in right of cash payment to the prior satisfaction in full of our obligation to the Senior Lender.

The foregoing descriptions of the Mudrick Waiver and Subordination Agreement do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety to the full text of such documents, which is filed as Exhibit 10.4 and 10.5, respectively, and are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 2.03 Creation of a Direct Financial Obligation or an Obligation under an Off-Balance Sheet Arrangement of a Registrant.

The information set forth under Item 1.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated into this Item 2.03 by reference.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits

Exhibit

Description

4.1

Subordinated Convertible Debenture, dated as of October 6, 2022.

10.1*

Debenture Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2022, between Remark Holdings, Inc. and Ionic Ventures, LLC.

10.2*

Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2022, between Remark Holdings, Inc. and Ionic Ventures, LLC.

10.3

Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2022, between Remark Holdings, Inc. and Ionic Ventures, LLC.

10.4

Provisional Waiver and Consent Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2022, among Remark Holdings, Inc., certain of its subsidiaries party thereto, and Mudrick Capital Management, LP.

10.5

Subordination and Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2022, among Ionic Ventures, LLC, Mudrick Capital Management, LP and Remark Holdings, Inc.

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

* Certain schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. We will furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted exhibits or schedules to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

Signature

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

Remark Holdings, Inc.

Date:

October 11, 2022

By:

/s/ Kai-Shing Tao

Name:

Kai-Shing Tao

Title:

Chief Executive Officer

EXECUTION VERSION

NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THIS SECURITY IS CONVERTIBLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”) AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS, AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON CONVERSION OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN OR FINANCING ARRANGEMENT SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES. ANY TRANSFEREE OF THIS DEBENTURE SHOULD CAREFULLY REVIEW THE TERMS OF THIS DEBENTURE, INCLUDING SECTIONS 3(c)(iii) AND 16(a) HEREOF. THE PRINCIPAL AMOUNT REPRESENTED BY THIS DEBENTURE AND, ACCORDINGLY, THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON CONVERSION HEREOF MAY BE LESS THAN THE AMOUNTS SET FORTH ON THE FACE HEREOF PURSUANT TO SECTION 3(c)(iii) OF THIS DEBENTURE.

THIS DEBENTURE HAS BEEN ISSUED WITH ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT (“OID”). PURSUANT TO TREASURY REGULATION §1.1275-3(b)(1), A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE COMPANY HEREOF WILL, BEGINNING TEN DAYS AFTER THE ISSUANCE DATE OF THIS DEBENTURE, PROMPTLY MAKE AVAILABLE TO THE HOLDER UPON REQUEST THE INFORMATION DESCRIBED IN TREASURY REGULATION §1.1275-3(B)(1)(I). THE CONTACT INFORMATION OF THE COMPANY REPRESENTATIVE IS SET FORTH IN THE DEBENTURE PURCHASE AGREEMENT.

Remark Holdings, Inc.

Subordinated Convertible Debenture


Issuance Date: October 6, 2022 (the “Issuance Date”)			Original Principal Amount: $2,778,000

Original Purchase Price: $2,500,000


FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Remark Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby promises to pay to the order of Ionic Ventures, LLC or its registered assigns (the “Holder”) the amount set forth above as the Original Principal Amount (as reduced pursuant to the terms hereof pursuant to redemption, conversion or otherwise, the “Principal”) when due, whether upon the Maturity Date (as defined below), or upon acceleration, redemption or otherwise (in each case in accordance with the terms hereof) and to pay interest (“Interest”) on any outstanding Principal at the Standard Rate (as defined below) and if not fully paid or converted or redeemed on the Trigger Date (as defined herein), at the Trigger Rate (as defined below), until the same becomes due and payable, whether upon the Maturity Date (as defined herein), or upon acceleration, conversion, redemption or otherwise (in each case in accordance with the terms hereof). This Subordinated Convertible Debenture (including all Subordinated Convertible Debentures issued in exchange, transfer or replacement hereof in accordance with the terms hereof, this “Debenture”) is the Debenture issued pursuant to that certain Debenture Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2022 (the “Subscription Date”), by and between the Company and the Buyer made a party thereto, as amended from time to time (the “Debenture Purchase Agreement”). Certain capitalized terms used herein are defined in Section 27. The Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that if this Debenture is not fully paid or converted (including, without limitation, all Principal, Interest and other penalties and payments hereon) in accordance with the terms herein on or prior to the Trigger Date, then the Original Principal Amount shall be deemed to have been $3,334,000 from the Subscription Date (and recalculations of all Interest, penalties and other payments shall be automatically adjusted accordingly).

1. PAYMENTS OF PRINCIPAL. On the Maturity Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder an amount in cash representing all outstanding Principal, accrued and unpaid Interest and accrued and unpaid Late Charges (as defined in Section 22(c)) on such Principal and Interest. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, with respect to any redemption hereunder, the Company shall redeem First, all accrued and unpaid Late Charges on any Principal and Interest hereunder and Second, all accrued and unpaid Interest hereunder, and Third, after extinguishment of all such accrued and unpaid Interest and Late Charges, if any, all unpaid Principal outstanding hereunder.

2. INTEREST; INTEREST RATES. Interest shall accrue hereunder from the Issuance Date at eight percent (8%) per annum (the “Standard Rate”) and shall be computed on the basis of a 365/6-day year and the actual number of days elapsed. If this Debenture is not fully paid or converted or redeemed by the Trigger Date or if a Trigger Event (as defined herein) shall have occurred, Interest on this Debenture shall accrue thereafter at fifteen percent (15.0%) per annum (the “Trigger Rate”) and shall be computed on the basis of a 365/6-day year and the actual number of days elapsed. Accrued and unpaid Interest shall be payable in kind only by way of inclusion of such Interest in the Conversion Amount (as defined below) on the Automatic Conversion Date (as defined below) in accordance with Section 3(b)(i), or upon any earlier redemption in accordance with Section 10.

3. AUTOMATIC CONVERSION OF DEBENTURE. This Debenture shall be convertible into validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable Common Shares (as defined below), on the terms and conditions set forth in this Section 3.

(a) Automatic Conversion. Subject to the provisions of Section 3(d), on the Automatic Conversion Date, the outstanding and unpaid Conversion Amount shall be converted into validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable Common Shares in accordance with Section 3(c), at the Conversion Rate (as defined below). The Company shall not issue any fraction of a Common Share upon any conversion. If the issuance would result in the issuance of a fraction of a Common Share, the Company shall round such fraction of a Common Share up to the nearest whole share. The Company shall pay any and all transfer, stamp, issuance and similar taxes (except to the extent such tax is in respect of the Holder’s instructions to issue Common Shares to a Person other than the Holder), costs and expenses (including, without limitation, fees and expenses of the transfer agent of the Company (the “Transfer Agent”)) that may be payable with respect to the issuance and delivery of Common Shares upon conversion of any Conversion Amount.

(b) Conversion Rate. The number of Common Shares issuable upon conversion of the Conversion Amount pursuant to Section 3(a) shall be determined by dividing (x) such Conversion Amount by (y) the Conversion Price (the “Conversion Rate”). For purposes of this Debenture, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

(i) “Automatic Conversion Date” means the earlier of (i) the effectiveness of the initial Registration Statement (as defined in the RRA) covering the Registrable Securities (as defined in the RRA) and (ii) 181st day after the Subscription Date.

(ii) “Conversion Amount” means the sum of (x) the Principal outstanding as of the Automatic Conversion Date or other date of determination and (y) all accrued and unpaid Interest with respect to such Principal and accrued and unpaid Late Charges with respect to such Principal and such Interest, if any.

(iii) “Conversion Price” means, with respect to the Automatic Conversion Date or other date of determination, the lower of (x) the Variable Conversion Price then in effect and (y) the Fixed Conversion Price then in effect.

(vi) “Fixed Conversion Price” means, as of the Automatic Conversion Date or other date of determination, the price per share equal to $0.50, subject to adjustment as provided herein.

(vii) “Trigger Conversion Price” means, as of the Automatic Conversion Date or other date of determination, the product of (x) 0.85 and (y) the Conversion Price.

(viii) “Variable Conversion Price” means, as of the Automatic Conversion Date or other relevant date of determination, 80% (or 70% if the Common Shares are not then trading on a Principal Market) of the average of the ten (10) lowest VWAPs starting on the Trading Day immediately following the receipt of Pre-Settlement Conversion Shares (as defined below) following the Automatic Conversion Date or other relevant date of determination and ending the later of (a) ten (10) consecutive Trading Days after (and not including) the Automatic Conversion Date or such other relevant date of determination and (b) the Trading Day immediately after the Common Shares in the aggregate amount of at least $13,900,000 shall have traded on the Principal Market after the Subscription Date (such period, the “Variable Conversion Measuring Period”); provided, however, that any trading day on which Buyer does not have free trading shares in its account for any reason will be excluded from the calculation of total trading. All such determinations to be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination, reclassification or similar transaction that proportionately affects the Common Shares during such Variable Conversion Measuring Period.

(i) Pre-Settlement. No later than two (2) Trading Days after the Automatic Conversion Date (“Pre-Settlement Conversion Share Delivery Deadline”), the Company shall (A) transmit by electronic mail an acknowledgment of confirmation and representation, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit I (an “Acknowledgement”) and (B) cause the Transfer Agent to deliver to the Investor such number of Common Shares (the “Pre-Settlement Conversion Shares”) equal to the product of (A) the quotient of (y) the Conversion Amount divided by (z) the Pre-Settlement Conversion Price (as defined below), and as to which the Holder shall be the owner thereof as of such time of delivery of such Pre-Settlement Conversion Shares, multiplied by (B) 125%. The “Pre-Settlement Conversion Price” means 80% of the Closing Price on the date immediately preceding the Automatic Conversion Date. All such determinations to be appropriately adjusted for any share split, share dividend, share combination or other similar transaction during any such measuring period. Investor shall have the right to request additional Pre-Settlement Conversion Shares during the Variable Conversion Measuring Period at any time there is an anticipated shortfall determined in Investors sole discretion.

(ii) Settlement. No later than two (2) Trading Days after the Variable Conversion Measuring Period (the “Conversion Settlement Date”), the Company shall (A) transmit by electronic mail an Acknowledgment and (B) cause the Transfer Agent to deliver to the Investor such number of Common Shares (the “Settlement Conversion Shares”) equal to the Conversion Amount divided by the Conversion Price; provided, however, that the number of Common Shares to be delivered by the Conversion Settlement Date shall be reduced by the number of Pre-Settlement Conversion Shares delivered. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if the number of Pre-Settlement Conversion Shares delivered to the Investor exceeds the number of Settlement Conversion Shares, then the Investor shall return such excess shares.

(vii) Acknowledgments.

(A) Each Acknowledgement shall state that all Common Shares referenced therein are eligible to be resold pursuant to Rule 144 or Rule 144A promulgated under the 1933 Act (or a successor rule thereto) (collectively, “Rule 144”) or an effective and available registration statement, to the Holder and the Transfer Agent which acknowledgement shall constitute an instruction to the Transfer Agent to process such issuance in accordance with the terms herein.

(B) On or before the Pre-Settlement Conversion Share Delivery Deadline and Conversion Settlement Date, as applicable (each a “Share Delivery Deadline”), the Company shall, (1) after the Resale Eligibility Date and provided that the Transfer Agent is participating in The Depository Trust Company’s (“DTC”) Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, credit such aggregate number of Common Shares to which the Holder shall be entitled pursuant to such conversion to the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with DTC through its Deposit/Withdrawal at Custodian system, which balance account Holder shall designate in writing to the Company or the Transfer Agent, or (2) prior to the Resale Eligibility Date or if the Transfer Agent is not participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, upon the request of the Holder, issue and send (via reputable overnight courier) to the address as specified in writing to the Company or the Transfer Agent, a certificate, registered in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Common Shares to which the Holder shall be entitled pursuant to such automatic conversion. The Person or Persons entitled to receive the Common Shares issuable upon automatic conversion of this Debenture shall be treated for all purposes as the record holder or holders of such Common Shares on the Automatic Conversion Date and Conversion Settlement Date, as applicable. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Debenture or the RRA, after the Resale Eligibility Date, the Company shall cause the Transfer Agent to deliver unlegended Common Shares to the Holder (or its designee) in connection with any sale of Conversion Shares, and for which the Holder has not yet settled.

(ii) Company’s Failure to Timely Convert. If the Company shall fail, for any reason or for no reason, on or prior to the applicable Share Delivery Deadline, either (I) (x) prior to the Resale Eligibility Date or if the Transfer Agent is not participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, to issue and deliver to the Holder (or its designee) a certificate (if requested by the Holder) for the number of Common Shares to which the Holder is entitled and register such Common Shares on the Company’s share register, or (y) after the Resale Eligibility Date and if the Transfer Agent is participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, to credit the balance account of the Holder or the Holder’s designee with DTC for such number of Common Shares to which the Holder is entitled upon the conversion of this Debenture (as the case may be) or (II) if a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Common Shares that are the subject of the automatic conversion (the “Unavailable Conversion Shares”) is not available for the resale of such Unavailable

Conversion Shares and the Company fails to promptly, but in no event later than as required pursuant to the RRA (x) so notify the Holder and (y) deliver the Common Shares electronically without any restrictive legend by crediting such aggregate number of Common Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such automatic conversion to the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with DTC through its Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian system (the event described in the immediately foregoing clause (II) is hereinafter referred as a “Notice Failure” and together with the event described in clause (I) above, a “Conversion Failure”), then, in addition to all other remedies available to the Holder, the Company shall pay in cash to the Holder on each Trading Day after such applicable Share Delivery Deadline that the issuance of such Common Shares is not timely effected an amount equal to 2% of the product of (A) the aggregate number of Common Shares not issued to the Holder on or prior to the applicable Share Delivery Deadline and to which the Holder is entitled, multiplied by (B) the highest trading price of the Common Shares between the Automatic Conversion Date and the actual date of delivery. In addition to the foregoing, if on or prior to the applicable Share Delivery Deadline and after the Resale Eligibility Date either (A) if the Transfer Agent is not participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, the Company shall fail to issue and deliver to the Holder (or its designee) a certificate and register such Common Shares on the Company’s share register or, if the Transfer Agent is participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, the Transfer Agent shall fail to credit the balance account of the Holder or the Holder’s designee with DTC for the number of Common Shares to which the Holder is entitled upon the automatic conversion hereunder or pursuant to the Company’s obligation pursuant to clause (II) below or (B) a Notice Failure occurs, and if after such applicable Share Delivery Deadline the Holder purchases (in an open market transaction or otherwise) Common Shares corresponding to all or any portion of the number of Common Shares issuable upon such automatic conversion that the Holder is entitled to receive from the Company and has not timely received from the Company in connection with such Conversion Failure or Notice Failure, as applicable (a “Buy-In”), then, in addition to all other remedies available to the Holder, the Company shall, within two (2) Business Days after receipt of the Holder’s request and in the Holder’s discretion, either: (I) pay cash to the Holder in an amount equal to the Holder’s total purchase price (including reasonable brokerage commissions, borrow fees and any other out-of-pocket expenses, if any) for the Common Shares so purchased (including, without limitation, by any other Person in respect, or on behalf, of the Holder) (the “Buy-In Price”), at which point the Company’s obligation to so issue and deliver such certificate (and to issue such Common Shares) or credit the balance account of such Holder or such Holder’s designee, as applicable, with DTC for the number of Common Shares to which the Holder is entitled upon automatic conversion hereunder (as the case may be) (and to issue such Common Shares) shall terminate, or (II) promptly honor its obligation to so issue and deliver to the Holder a certificate or certificates representing such Common Shares or credit the balance account of such Holder or such Holder’s designee, as applicable, with DTC for the number of Common Shares to which the Holder is entitled upon automatic conversion hereunder (as the case may be) and pay cash to the Holder in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of the Buy-In Price over the product of (x) such number of Common Shares subject to conversion multiplied by (y) the price at which the Holder sold such Common Shares in anticipation of the delivery thereof upon such applicable conversion (and if the Holder shall not have sold such shares, the price for purposes of this clause (y) shall equal the Buy-In Price divided by the number of Common Shares described in the immediately preceding clause (x)) (the “Buy-In Payment Amount”). Nothing shall limit the Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity, including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver certificates representing Common Shares (or to electronically deliver such Common Shares) upon automatic conversion of this Debenture as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

(iii) Registration; Book-Entry. The Company shall maintain at its principal executive offices, or such other office or agency of the Company as it may designate by notice to the Holder of this Debenture, a register (the “Register”) for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Holder of this Debenture, the principal amount of this Debenture held by the Holder, and the number of Common Shares issuable upon conversion of this Debenture held by the Holder (the “Registered Debenture”). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes absent manifest error. The Company and the Holder of this Debenture shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register as the owner of this Debenture for all purposes (including, without limitation, the right to receive payments of Principal, Interest and any Late Charges hereunder) notwithstanding notice to the contrary. Subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, a Registered Debenture may be assigned, transferred or sold in whole or in part only by registration of such assignment or sale on the Register. Upon its receipt of a written request to assign, transfer or sell all or part of any Registered Debenture by the Holder, the Company shall record the information contained therein in the Register and issue a new Registered Debenture in the same aggregate principal amount as the principal amount of the surrendered Registered Debenture to the designated assignee or transferee pursuant to

Section 16, provided that if the Company does not so record an assignment, transfer or sale (as the case may be) of a Registered Debenture within two (2) Business Days of such a request, then the Register shall be automatically deemed updated to reflect such assignment, transfer or sale (as the case may be). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Section 3, following automatic conversion of this Debenture in accordance with the terms hereof, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Debenture to the Company unless the full Conversion Amount represented by this Debenture is being converted (in which event this Debenture shall be delivered to the Company following conversion thereof). The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the Principal and Interest converted and/or paid (as the case may be) and the dates of such conversions and/or payments (as the case may be) or shall use such other method, reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and the Company, so as not to require physical surrender of this Debenture upon conversion. If the Company does not update the Register to record such Principal and Interest converted and/or paid (as the case may be) and the dates of such conversions, and/or payments (as the case may be) within two (2) Business Days of such occurrence, then the Register shall be automatically deemed updated to reflect such occurrence.

(d) Limitations on Conversions. The Company shall not effect the conversion of any portion of this Debenture, and the Holder shall not have the right to a conversion of any portion of this Debenture pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Debenture and any such conversion shall be null and void and treated as if never made, to the extent that after giving effect to such conversion, the Holder together with the other Attribution Parties collectively would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (the “Maximum Percentage”) of the Common Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion. For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the aggregate number of Common Shares beneficially owned by the Holder and the other Attribution Parties shall include the number of Common Shares held by the Holder and all other Attribution Parties plus the number of Common Shares issuable upon conversion of this Debenture with respect to which the determination of such sentence is being made, but shall exclude Common Shares which would be issuable upon (A) conversion of the remaining, nonconverted portion of this Debenture beneficially owned by the Holder or any of the other Attribution Parties and (B) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any convertible debentures or convertible preferred shares or warrants) beneficially owned by the Holder or any other Attribution Party subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained in this Section 3(d). For purposes of this Section 3(d), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the 1934 Act. For purposes of determining the number of outstanding Common Shares the Holder may acquire upon the conversion of this without exceeding the Maximum Percentage, the Holder may rely on the number of outstanding Common Shares as reflected in (x) the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Current Report on Form 8-K or other public filing with the SEC, as the case may be, (y) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (z) any other written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent, if any, setting forth the number of Common Shares outstanding (the “Reported Outstanding Share Number”). If the actual number of outstanding Common Shares is less than the Reported Outstanding Share Number on the Automatic Conversion Date and the Conversion Settlement Date, the Company shall notify the Holder in writing of the number of Common Shares then outstanding and, to the extent that such issuances would otherwise cause the Holder’s beneficial ownership, as determined pursuant to this Section 3(d), to exceed the Maximum Percentage, the Holder must notify the Company of a reduced number of Common Shares to be issued pursuant to such automatic conversion. For any reason at any time, upon the written or oral request of the Holder, the Company shall within one (1) Business Day confirm orally and in writing or by electronic mail to the Holder the number of Common Shares then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding Common Shares shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Debenture, by the Holder and any other Attribution Party since the date as of which the Reported Outstanding Share Number was reported. In the event that the issuance of Common Shares to the Holder upon conversion of this Debenture results in the Holder and the other Attribution Parties being deemed to beneficially own, in the aggregate, more than the Maximum Percentage of the number of outstanding Common Shares (as determined under Section 13(d) of the 1934 Act), the number of shares so issued by which the Holder’s and the other Attribution Parties’ aggregate beneficial ownership exceeds the Maximum Percentage (the “Excess Shares”) shall be deemed null and void and shall be cancelled ab initio, and the Holder shall not have the power to vote or to transfer the Excess Shares. Upon delivery of a written notice to the Company, the Holder may from time to time increase (with such increase not effective until the sixty-first (61st) day after delivery of such notice) or decrease the Maximum Percentage to any other percentage as specified in such notice; provided that (i) any such increase in the Maximum Percentage will not be effective until the sixty-first (61st) day after such notice is delivered to the Company and (ii) any such increase or decrease will apply only to the Holder and the other Attribution Parties and not to any other holder of

Debentures that is not an Attribution Party of the Holder. For purposes of clarity, the Common Shares issuable pursuant to the terms of this Debenture in excess of the Maximum Percentage shall not be deemed to be beneficially owned by the Holder for any purpose including for purposes of Section 13(d) of, or Rule 16a-1(a)(1) under, the 1934 Act. No prior inability to convert this Debenture pursuant to this paragraph shall have any effect on the applicability of the provisions of this paragraph with respect to any subsequent determination of convertibility. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 3(d) to the extent necessary to correct this paragraph (or any portion of this paragraph) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended beneficial ownership limitation contained in this Section 3(d) or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitation contained in this paragraph may not be waived and shall apply to a successor holder of this Debenture.

4. RIGHTS UPON TRIGGER EVENT AND EVENT OF DEFAULT.

(a) Trigger Event. Each of the following events shall constitute a “Trigger Event”:

(i) the suspension from trading or the failure of the Common Shares to be trading or listed (as applicable) on an Eligible Market for a period of three (3) consecutive Trading Days;

(ii) the Company’s notice, written or oral, to the Holder of this Debenture including, without limitation, by way of public announcement or through any of its agents, at any time, of its intention not to comply, as required, with the conversion of the Debenture into Common Shares in accordance with the provisions of this Debenture, other than pursuant to Section 3(d);

(iii) except to the extent the Company is in compliance with Section 9(b) below, at any time following the fifth (5th) consecutive day that the Company shall not have reserved for issuance upon conversion of this Debenture a number of Common Shares equal to or greater than the Required Reserve Amount;

(iv) any Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement) shall have occurred; or

(v) any provision of any Transaction Document shall at any time for any reason (other than pursuant to the express terms thereof) cease to be valid and binding on or enforceable against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in any material respect, or the validity or enforceability thereof shall be contested by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or a proceeding shall be commenced by the Company or any Subsidiary or any governmental authority having jurisdiction over any of them, seeking to establish the invalidity or unenforceability thereof, or the Company or any Subsidiary shall deny in writing that it has any liability or obligation purported to be created under any Transaction Document.

(b) Events of Default. Each of the following events shall constitute an “Event of Default” and each of the events in clauses (iv), (v) and (vi) shall constitute a “Bankruptcy Event of Default”:

(i) the Company’s failure to pay to the Holder any amount of Principal, Interest, Late Charges or other amounts when and as due under this Debenture, and such failure remains uncured for a period of more than two (2) Trading Days;

(ii) the Company, either (A) fails to cure a Conversion Failure by delivery of the required number of Common Shares within one (1) Trading Day after each applicable Share Conversion Deadline or (B) fails to remove any restrictive legend on any certificate or any Common Shares issued to the Holder upon conversion of this Debenture as and when required by this Debenture, unless otherwise then prohibited by applicable federal securities laws, and any such failure remains uncured for at least two (2) days;

(iii) the occurrence of any default under, redemption of or acceleration prior to maturity of at least an aggregate of $100,000 of Indebtedness (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement) of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries;

(iv) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or liquidation proceedings or other proceedings for the relief of debtors shall be instituted by or against the Company or any Significant Subsidiary and, if instituted against the Company or any Significant Subsidiary by a third party, shall not be dismissed or stayed within sixty (60) days of their initiation;

(v) the commencement by the Company or any Significant Subsidiary of a voluntary case or proceeding under any applicable federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or of any other case or proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by the Company or any Significant Subsidiary to the entry of a decree, order, judgment or other similar document in respect of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or to the commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding against the Company or any Significant Subsidiary, or the filing by the Company or any Significant Subsidiary of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable federal, state or foreign law, or the consent by the Company or any Significant Subsidiary to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary or of any substantial part of the Company’s or any Significant Subsidiary’s property, or the making by the Company or any Significant Subsidiary of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the execution of a composition of debts, or the occurrence of any other similar federal, state or foreign proceeding, or the admission by the Company or any Significant Subsidiary in writing of the Company’s or any Significant Subsidiary’s inability to pay their debts generally as they become due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company or any Significant Subsidiary in furtherance of any such action;

(vi) the entry by a court of competent jurisdiction of (i) a decree, order, judgment or other similar document in respect of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary of a voluntary or involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or (ii) a decree, order, judgment or other similar document adjudging the Company or any Significant Subsidiary as bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking liquidation, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary under any applicable federal, state or foreign law or (iii) a decree, order, judgment or other similar document appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary or of any substantial part of the Company’s or any Significant Subsidiary’s property, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of the Company’s or any Significant Subsidiary’s affairs, and the continuance of any such decree, order, judgment or other similar document or any such other decree, order, judgment or other similar document unstayed and in effect for a period of sixty (60) consecutive days;

(vii) a final judgment or judgments from the same or affiliated entities for the payment of money aggregating in excess of $100,000 are rendered against the Company and/or any of its Significant Subsidiaries and which judgments are not, within thirty (30) days after the entry thereof, bonded, discharged, settled or stayed pending appeal, or are not discharged within thirty (30) days after the expiration of such stay; provided, however, any judgment which is covered by insurance or an indemnity from a credit worthy party shall not be included in calculating the $100,000 amount set forth above so long as the Company provides the Holder a written statement from such insurer or indemnity provider (which written statement shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Holder) to the effect that such judgment is covered by insurance or an indemnity and the Company or such Significant Subsidiary (as the case may be) will receive the proceeds of such insurance or indemnity;

(viii) the Company and/or any Significant Subsidiary, individually or in the aggregate, either (i) fails to pay, when due, or within any applicable grace period, any payment with respect to any Indebtedness for borrowed money in excess of $100,000 due to any third party (other than, with respect to unsecured Indebtedness only, payments contested by the Company and/or such Significant Subsidiary (as the case may be) in good faith by proper proceedings and with respect to which adequate reserves have been set aside for the payment thereof in accordance with GAAP) or is otherwise in breach or violation of any agreement for monies owed or owing in an amount in excess of $100,000, which breach or violation permits the other party thereto to declare a default or otherwise accelerate amounts due thereunder, or (ii) suffer to exist any other circumstance or event that would, with or without the passage of time or the giving of notice, result in a default or event of default under any agreement binding the Company or any Significant Subsidiary, which default or event of default would or is likely to have a Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement);

(ix) other than as specifically set forth in another clause of this Section 4(a), any representation or warranty of the Company shall be in any material respect untrue when made or when deemed made (other than the representations or warranties subject to material adverse effect or materiality limitations, which shall not have been untrue in any respect when made or when deemed

made) or the Company shall have breached any covenant or other term or condition of any Transaction Document, except, in the case of a breach of a covenant or other term or condition that is curable, only if such breach remains uncured for a period of five (5) consecutive Trading Days, provided however that a breach of Section 4(c) of the Debenture Purchase Agreement shall not be deemed curable; and

(x) any breach or failure in any respect by the Company or any Subsidiary to comply with any provision of Section 12 of this Debenture.

(c) Notices. Subject to the terms of the Senior Loan Agreements, the Holder shall have all the rights and remedies provided in this Debenture, including those set forth in this Section 4(c) and Section 17, the other Transaction Documents and as permitted by law or at equity. Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event or an Event of Default with respect to this Debenture or any other Transaction Document, the Company shall promptly upon becoming aware of such Trigger Event or Event of Default deliver written notice thereof via facsimile or electronic mail and overnight courier (with next day delivery specified) (an “Trigger Notice”) to the Holder. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in any of the Transaction Documents (including, without limitation Section 28 of this Debenture and comparable provisions contained in the other Transaction Documents), the Holder shall keep the contents of a Trigger Notice and the existence of a Trigger Event and Event of Default confidential and shall not disclose the contents of any Trigger Notice and the existence of a Trigger Event and Event of Default to any third party, regardless of whether such information constitutes material, non-public information, until the Company has made public disclosure, either through a filing made with the SEC or the issuance of a press release, regarding such matters.

(d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, if a Trigger Event or an Event of Default occurs and is continuing on the Rule 144 Eligibility Date, the outstanding and unpaid Conversion Amount as of the Rule 144 Eligibility Date shall, at Holder’s option, be automatically converted into validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable Common Shares in accordance with Section 3, at the Conversion Rate using the Trigger Conversion Price, and such Rule 144 Eligibility Date shall be deemed to be an “Automatic Conversion Date” under Section 3 for purposes of this Section 4(c). In the event of automatic conversion under this Section 4(c), the parties agree that the Holder’s damages would be uncertain and difficult to estimate because of the parties’ inability to predict future interest rates and the uncertainty of the availability of a suitable substitute investment opportunity for the Holder. Accordingly, any conversion premium due under Section 3 and this Section 4(c) is intended by the parties to be, and shall be deemed, a reasonable estimate of the Holder’s actual loss of its investment opportunity and not as a penalty. Any automatic conversion upon a Trigger Event and Event of Default shall not constitute an election of remedies by the Holder, and all other rights and remedies of the Holder shall be preserved.

(e) Mandatory Redemption upon Bankruptcy Event of Default. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, and notwithstanding any conversion that is then required or in process, upon any Bankruptcy Event of Default, whether occurring prior to or following the Maturity Date, the Company shall immediately pay to the Holder an amount in cash equal to the product of (i) all outstanding Principal, accrued and unpaid Interest and accrued and unpaid Late Charges on such Principal and Interest, multiplied by (ii) 120% (the “Event of Default Redemption Price”), in addition to any and all other amounts due hereunder, without the requirement for any notice or demand or other action by the Holder or any other Person or entity; provided that the Holder may, in its sole discretion, waive such right to receive payment upon a Bankruptcy Event of Default, in whole or in part, and any such waiver shall not affect any other rights of the Holder hereunder, including any other rights in respect of such Bankruptcy Event of Default, any right to conversion, and any right to payment of the Event of Default Redemption Price or Change of Control Redemption Price, as applicable.

5. RIGHTS UPON FUNDAMENTAL TRANSACTION.

(a) Assumption. The Company shall not enter into or be party to a Fundamental Transaction unless (i) the Successor Entity assumes in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Debenture and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section 5(a) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder prior to such Fundamental Transaction, including agreements to deliver to the Holder of this Debenture in exchange for this Debenture a security of the Successor Entity (if other than the Company) evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Debenture, including, without limitation, having a principal amount and interest rates equal to the principal amount then outstanding and the interest rates of this Debenture, respectively, held by the Holder, having similar conversion terms as this Debenture and having similar ranking to this Debenture, and reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and (ii) the Successor Entity (including its Parent Entity) is a publicly traded corporation whose equity is quoted on or listed for trading on an Eligible Market. Upon the occurrence of any Fundamental Transaction, the

Successor Entity (if other than the Company) shall succeed to, and be substituted for, the Company (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Debenture and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Debenture and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein. Upon consummation of a Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall deliver to the Holder confirmation that there shall be issued upon conversion or redemption of this Debenture at any time after the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, in lieu of the Common Shares or other securities, cash, assets or other property (except such items still issuable under Sections 6 and 13, which shall continue to be receivable thereafter) issuable upon the conversion or redemption of this Debenture prior to such Fundamental Transaction, such shares of the publicly traded equity of the Successor Entity (including, if applicable, its Parent Entity) which the Holder would have been entitled to receive upon the happening of such Fundamental Transaction had this Debenture been converted immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitations on the conversion of this Debenture), as adjusted in accordance with the provisions of this Debenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Holder may elect, at its sole option, by delivery of written notice to the Company to waive this Section 5(a) to permit the Fundamental Transaction without the assumption of this Debenture. The provisions of this Section 5(a) shall apply similarly and equally to successive Fundamental Transactions and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the conversion of this Debenture.

(b) Notice of a Change of Control or Fundamental Transaction; Conversion Right. No sooner than twenty (20) Trading Days nor later than ten (10) Trading Days prior to the consummation of a Fundamental Transaction, but not prior to the public announcement of such Change of Control or Fundamental Transaction, the Company shall deliver written notice thereof via electronic mail and overnight courier to the Holder (a “Change of Control Notice”). At any time during the period beginning after the Holder’s receipt of a Change of Control Notice or the Holder becoming aware of a Change of Control or Fundamental Transaction if a Change of Control Notice is not delivered to the Holder in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence (as applicable) and ending on the later of twenty (20) Trading Days after (A) consummation of such Change of Control or Fundamental Transaction or (B) the date of receipt of such Change of Control Notice, the Holder may convert all or any portion of this Debenture into Common Shares pursuant to Section 3 by delivering written notice thereof (“Change of Control Conversion Notice”) to the Company, which Change of Control Conversion Notice shall indicate the Conversion Amount the Holder is electing to convert.

6. RIGHTS UPON ISSUANCE OF PURCHASE RIGHTS AND OTHER CORPORATE EVENTS.

(a) Purchase Rights. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 7 below, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Options, Convertible Securities or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to all or substantially all of the record holders of any class of Common Shares (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of Common Shares acquirable upon complete conversion of this Debenture (without taking into account any limitations or restrictions on the convertibility of this Debenture and assuming for such purpose that the Debenture was converted at the Conversion Price as of the applicable record date) immediately prior to the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Common Shares are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder and the other Attribution Parties exceeding the Maximum Percentage, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to the extent of the Maximum Percentage (and shall not be entitled to beneficial ownership of such Common Shares as a result of such Purchase Right (and beneficial ownership) to the extent of any such excess) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance (and, if such Purchase Right has an expiration date, maturity date or other similar provision, such term shall be extended by such number of days held in abeyance, if applicable) for the benefit of the Holder until such time or times, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder and the other Attribution Parties exceeding the Maximum Percentage, at which time or times the Holder shall be granted such right (and any Purchase Right granted, issued or sold on such initial Purchase Right or on any subsequent Purchase Right held similarly in abeyance (and, if such Purchase Right has an expiration date, maturity date or other similar provision, such term shall be extended by such number of days held in abeyance, if applicable)) to the same extent as if there had been no such limitation).

(b) Other Corporate Events. In addition to and not in substitution for any other rights hereunder, prior to the consummation of any Fundamental Transaction pursuant to which holders of Common Shares are entitled to receive securities or other assets with respect to or in exchange for Common Shares (a

“Corporate Event”), the Company shall make appropriate provision to ensure that the Holder will thereafter have the right to receive upon a conversion of this Debenture, at the Holder’s option (i) in addition to the Common Shares receivable upon such conversion, such securities or other assets to which the Holder would have been entitled with respect to such Common Shares had such Common Shares been held by the Holder upon the consummation of such Corporate Event (without taking into account any limitations or restrictions on the convertibility of this Debenture) or (ii) in lieu of the Common Shares otherwise receivable upon such conversion, such securities or other assets received by the holders of Common Shares in connection with the consummation of such Corporate Event in such amounts as the Holder would have been entitled to receive had this Debenture initially been issued with conversion rights for the form of such consideration (as opposed to Common Shares) at a conversion rate for such consideration commensurate with the Conversion Rate. Provision made pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be in a form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder. The provisions of this Section 6 shall apply similarly and equally to successive Corporate Events and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the conversion or redemption of this Debenture.

7. RIGHTS UPON ISSUANCE OF OTHER SECURITIES.

(a) Adjustment of Fixed Conversion Price upon Issuance of Common Shares. If and whenever during the period commencing immediately following the Subscription Date the Company issues or sells, or in accordance with this Section 7(a) is deemed to have issued or sold, any Common Shares (including the issuance or sale of Common Shares owned or held by or for the account of the Company, but excluding any Excluded Securities (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement) issued or sold or deemed to have been issued or sold) for cash consideration per share (the “New Issuance Price”) less than a price equal to the Fixed Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such issuance or sale or deemed issuance or sale (such Standard Conversion Price then in effect is referred to herein as the “Applicable Price”) (the foregoing a “Dilutive Issuance”), then, immediately after such Dilutive Issuance, the Fixed Conversion Price then in effect shall be reduced to an amount equal to the New Issuance Price. For all purposes of the foregoing (including, without limitation, determining the adjusted Fixed Conversion Price and the New Issuance Price under this Section 7(a)), the following shall be applicable:

(i) Issuance of Options. Subject to 7(a)(iv) below, if the Company in any manner grants or sells any Options (other than any Excluded Securities (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement)) and the lowest price per share for which one Common Share is at any time issuable upon the exercise of any such Option or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Securities issuable upon exercise of any such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof is less than the Applicable Price, then such Common Share shall be deemed to be outstanding and to have been issued and sold by the Company at the time of the granting or sale of such Option for such price per share. For purposes of this Section 7(a)(i), the “lowest price per share for which one Common Share is at any time issuable upon the exercise of any such Option or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Securities issuable upon exercise of any such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof” shall be equal to the difference of (1) the lower of (x) the sum of the lowest amounts of consideration (if any) received or receivable by the Company with respect to any one Common Share upon the granting or sale of such Option, upon exercise of such Option and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Security issuable upon exercise of such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof and (y) the lowest exercise price set forth in such Option for which one Common Share is issuable (or may become issuable assuming all possible market conditions) upon the exercise of any such Options or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Securities issuable upon exercise of any such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof, minus (2) the sum of all amounts paid or payable to the holder of such Option (or any other Person) with respect to any one Common Share upon the granting or sale of such Option, upon exercise of such Option and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Security issuable upon exercise of such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof plus the value of any other consideration consisting of cash, debt forgiveness, assets or any other property received or receivable by, or benefit conferred on, the holder of such Option (or any other Person). Except as contemplated below, no further adjustment of the Fixed Conversion Price shall be made upon the actual issuance of such Common Share or of such Convertible Securities upon the exercise of such Options or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof or upon the actual issuance of such Common Shares upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Convertible Securities.

(ii) Issuance of Convertible Securities. Subject to 7(a)(iv) below, if the Company in any manner issues or sells any Convertible Securities (other than any Excluded Securities (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement)) and the lowest price per share for which one Common Share is at any time issuable upon the conversion, exercise or exchange thereof or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof is less than the Applicable Price, then such Common Share shall be deemed to be outstanding

and to have been issued and sold by the Company at the time of the issuance or sale of such Convertible Securities for such price per share. For the purposes of this Section 7(a)(ii), the “lowest price per share for which one Common Share is at any time issuable upon the conversion, exercise or exchange thereof or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof” shall be equal to the difference of (1) the lower of (x) the sum of the lowest amounts of consideration (if any) received or receivable by the Company with respect to one Common Share upon the issuance or sale of the Convertible Security and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Convertible Security or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof and (y) the lowest conversion price set forth in such Convertible Security for which one Common Share is issuable upon conversion, exercise or exchange thereof or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof, minus (2) the sum of all amounts paid or payable to the holder of such Convertible Security (or any other Person) with respect to any one Common Share upon the issuance or sale of such Convertible Security plus the value of any other consideration received or receivable consisting of cash, debt forgiveness, assets or other property by, or benefit conferred on, the holder of such Convertible Security (or any other Person). Except as contemplated below, no further adjustment of the Fixed Conversion Price shall be made upon the actual issuance of such Common Shares upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Convertible Securities or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof, and if any such issuance or sale of such Convertible Securities is made upon exercise of any Options for which adjustment of the Fixed Conversion Price has been or is to be made pursuant to other provisions of this Section 7(a), except as contemplated below, no further adjustment of the Fixed Conversion Price shall be made by reason of such issuance or sale.

(iii) Change in Option Price or Rate of Conversion. With respect to any Options (other than any Excluded Securities (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement)) or Convertible Securities (other than any Excluded Securities (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement)) issued during the period commencing immediately following the Subscription Date, if the purchase or exercise price provided for in any Options, the additional consideration, if any, payable upon the issue, conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Securities, or the rate at which any Convertible Securities are convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Shares increases or decreases at any time after the issuance of such Options or Convertible Securities (other than proportional changes in conversion or exercise prices, as applicable, in connection with an event referred to in Section 7(b) below), the Fixed Conversion Price in effect at the time of such increase or decrease shall be adjusted to the Fixed Conversion Price which would have been in effect at such time had such Options or Convertible Securities provided for such increased or decreased purchase price, additional consideration or increased or decreased conversion rate (as the case may be) at the time initially granted, issued or sold. For purposes of this Section 7(a)(iii), if the terms of any Option or Convertible Security that was outstanding as of the Subscription Date are increased or decreased in the manner described in the immediately preceding sentence during the period commencing immediately following the Subscription Date, then such Option or Convertible Security and the Common Shares deemed issuable upon exercise, conversion or exchange thereof shall be deemed to have been issued as of the date of such increase or decrease. No adjustment pursuant to this Section 7(a) shall be made if such adjustment would result in an increase of the Fixed Conversion Price then in effect.

(iv) Calculation of Consideration Received. If any Option and/or Convertible Security and/or Adjustment Right is issued in connection with the issuance or sale or deemed issuance or sale of Common Shares (the “Primary Security”, and such Option and/or Convertible Security and/or Adjustment Right, the “Secondary Securities”), together comprising one integrated transaction (or one or more transactions if such issuances or sales or deemed issuances or sales of securities of the Company either (A) have at least one investor or purchaser in common, (B) are consummated in reasonable proximity to each other and/or (C) are consummated under the same plan of financing), the aggregate consideration per Common Share with respect to such Primary Security shall be deemed to be equal to the difference of (x) the lowest price per share for which one Common Share was issued (or was deemed to be issued pursuant to Section 7(a)(i) or 7(a)(ii) above, as applicable) in such integrated transaction solely with respect to such Primary Security, minus (y) with respect to such Secondary Securities, the sum of (I) the Black Scholes Consideration Value of each such Option, if any, (II) the fair market value (as determined by the Holder in good faith) or the Black Scholes Consideration Value, as applicable, of such Adjustment Right, if any, and (III) the fair market value (as determined by the Holder) of such Convertible Security, if any, in each case, as determined on a per share basis in accordance with this Section 7(a)(iv). If any Common Shares, Options or Convertible Securities are issued or sold or deemed to have been issued or sold for cash, the consideration received therefor (for the purpose of determining the consideration paid for such Common Shares, Option or Convertible Security, but not for the purpose of the calculation of the Black Scholes Consideration Value) will be deemed to be the gross amount of consideration received by the Company therefor. If any Common Shares, Options or Convertible Securities are issued or sold for a consideration other than cash, the amount of such consideration received by the Company (for the purpose of determining the

consideration paid for such Common Shares, Option or Convertible Security, but not for the purpose of the calculation of the Black Scholes Consideration Value) will be the fair value of such consideration, except where such consideration consists of publicly traded securities, in which case the amount of consideration received by the Company for such securities will be the arithmetic average of the VWAPs of such security for each of the five (5) Trading Days immediately preceding the date of receipt. If any Common Shares, Options or Convertible Securities are issued to the owners of the non-surviving entity in connection with any merger in which the Company is the surviving entity, the amount of consideration therefor (for the purpose of determining the consideration paid for such Common Shares, Option or Convertible Security, but not for the purpose of the calculation of the Black Scholes Consideration Value) will be deemed to be the fair value of such portion of the net assets and business of the non-surviving entity as is attributable to such Common Shares, Options or Convertible Securities (as the case may be). The fair value of any consideration other than cash or publicly traded securities will be determined jointly by the Company and the Holder. If such parties are unable to reach agreement within ten (10) days after the occurrence of an event requiring valuation (the “Valuation Event”), the fair value of such consideration will be determined within five (5) Trading Days after the tenth (10th) day following such Valuation Event by an independent, reputable appraiser jointly selected by the Company and the Holder. The determination of such appraiser shall be final and binding upon all parties absent manifest error and the fees and expenses of such appraiser shall be borne by the Company.

(v) Record Date. If the Company takes a record of the holders of Common Shares for the purpose of entitling them (A) to receive a dividend or other distribution payable in Common Shares, Options or in Convertible Securities or (B) to subscribe for or purchase Common Shares, Options or Convertible Securities, then such record date will be deemed to be the date of the issuance or sale of the Common Shares deemed to have been issued or sold upon the declaration of such dividend or the making of such other distribution or the date of the granting of such right of subscription or purchase (as the case may be).

(b) Adjustment of Fixed Conversion Price upon Subdivision or Combination of Common Shares. If the Company at any time on or after the Subscription Date subdivides (by any stock split, stock dividend, stock combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction) the outstanding Common Shares into a greater number of shares, the Fixed Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such subdivision will be proportionately reduced. If the Company at any time on or after the Subscription Date combines (by any stock split, stock dividend, stock combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction) its outstanding Common Shares into a smaller number of shares, the Fixed Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such combination will be proportionately increased. Any adjustment pursuant to this Section 7(b) shall become effective immediately after the effective date of such subdivision or combination. If any event requiring an adjustment under this Section 7(b) occurs during the period that a Fixed Conversion Price is calculated hereunder, then the calculation of such Fixed Conversion Price shall be adjusted appropriately to reflect such event.

(c) Other Events. Notwithstanding anything contrary herein, for so long as this Debenture or any principal amount, interest or fees or expenses due hereunder remain outstanding and unpaid, the Company shall not enter into any public or private offering of its securities (including, without limitation, any securities convertible into Common Shares) with any person (an “Other Investor”) that has the effect of establishing rights or otherwise benefiting such Other Investor in a manner more favorable in any material respect to such Other Investor than the rights and benefits established in favor of the Holder by this Debenture unless, in any such case, the Holder has been provided with such rights and benefits pursuant to a definitive written agreement or agreements between the Company and the Holder.

(d) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 7 shall be made by rounding to the nearest 1/100th of a cent or the nearest whole share, as applicable. The number of Common Shares outstanding at any given time shall not include shares owned or held by or for the account of the Company, and the disposition of any such shares shall be considered an issue or sale of Common Shares.

(e) Voluntary Adjustment by Company. The Company may at any time during the term of this Debenture, with the prior written consent of the Holder, reduce the then current Fixed Conversion Price of this Debenture to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by the board of directors of the Company.

8. NONCIRCUMVENTION. The Company hereby covenants and agrees that the Company will not, by amendment of its Certificate of Incorporation (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement), its Bylaws (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement) or any other organizational documents of the Company, or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, scheme of arrangement, dissolution, issue or sale of

securities, or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Debenture, and will at all times in good faith carry out all of the provisions of this Debenture and take all action as may be required to protect the rights of the Holder of this Debenture. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing or any other provision of this Debenture or the other Transaction Documents, the Company (a) shall not increase the par value of any Common Shares receivable upon conversion of this Debenture above the Conversion Price then in effect, and (b) shall take all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Common Shares upon the conversion of this Debenture. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if the Company is not permitted to automatically convert this Debenture in full for any reason (other than pursuant to restrictions set forth in Section 3(d) hereof), the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to promptly remedy such failure, including, without limitation, obtaining such consents or approvals as necessary to permit such conversion into Common Shares.

9. RESERVATION OF AUTHORIZED SHARES.

(a) Reservation. So long as this Debenture remains outstanding, the Company shall at all times reserve at least 150% of the number of Common Shares as shall from time to time be necessary to effect the conversion of this Debenture then outstanding (without regard to any limitations on conversions and assuming this Debenture remains outstanding until the Maturity Date) (the “Required Reserve Amount”).

(b) Insufficient Authorized Shares. If, notwithstanding Section 9(a), and not in limitation thereof, at any time while this Debenture remains outstanding, the Company does not have a sufficient number of authorized and unreserved Common Shares to satisfy its obligation to reserve for issuance upon conversion of this Debenture at least a number of Common Shares equal to the Required Reserve Amount (an “Authorized Share Failure”), then the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to, as promptly as reasonably practicable, to take all corporate action necessary to authorize and reserve a sufficient number of shares, including, without limitation, calling a special meeting of stockholders to authorize additional shares to meet the Company’s obligations pursuant to the Transaction Documents or to approve a reserve stock split, in the case of an insufficient number of authorized shares, obtain stockholder approval of an increase in such authorized number of shares or a reverse stock split, and causing its directors and executive officers to vote their respective shares of the Company in favor of an increase in the authorized shares of the Company or a reverse stock split to ensure that the number of authorized shares is sufficient to meet the Required Reserve Amount.

10. [RESERVED].

11. VOTING RIGHTS; NO RIGHTS AS SHAREHOLDER. The Holder shall have no voting rights as the holder of this Debenture, except as required by law. This Debenture, in and of itself, shall not confer upon the Holder any rights as a holder of Common Shares or otherwise as a shareholder of the Company.

12. COVENANTS. Until this Debenture has been converted, redeemed or otherwise satisfied in accordance with its terms:

(a) Rank. This Debenture shall constitute general unsecured obligation of the Company, ranking junior in right of payment with all of the existing and future Indebtedness of the Company and ranking senior in right of payment to any future Indebtedness of the Company that is expressly made subordinate to this Debenture by the terms of such Indebtedness.

(b) Change in Nature of Business. The Company shall not, and the Company shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to not, directly or indirectly, engage in any material line of business substantially different from those lines of business conducted by or publicly contemplated to be conducted by the Company and each of its Subsidiaries on the Subscription Date or any business substantially related or incidental thereto.

(c) Preservation of Existence, Etc. The Company shall maintain and preserve, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to maintain and preserve, its existence, and its material rights and privileges, and become or remain, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to become or remain, duly qualified and in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the character of the properties owned or leased by it or in which the transaction of its business makes such qualification necessary, except to the extent that the failure to become or remain so duly qualified and in good standing would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement).

(d) Maintenance of Properties, Etc. The Company shall reasonably maintain and preserve, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to maintain and preserve, all of its material properties which are necessary or useful in the proper conduct of its business in good working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted.

(e) Maintenance of Intellectual Property. The Company will, and will cause each of its Subsidiaries to, take such action as is necessary to maintain the Intellectual Property Rights (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement) of the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries that are necessary or material to the conduct of its business in full force and effect.

(f) [Intentionally omitted]

(g) Restricted Issuances. The Company shall not, directly or indirectly, without the prior written consent of the Holder (i) issue any Debentures (other than as contemplated by the Debenture Purchase Agreement and the Debentures (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement)) or (ii) issue any other securities that would cause a breach or default under this Debenture or any of the other Transaction Documents.

(h) Compliance with Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act. As soon as practicable following the Issuance Date (or, with respect to any Successor Foreign Law (as defined below), as soon as practicable following the effective date thereof), but, in either case, in no event later than the earlier to occur of (x) 120 calendar days after the effective date of any Successor Foreign Law and (y) such date that the Common Shares would be delisted from the Principal Market with respect thereto, the Company shall take all actions necessary to cause the Company to be in compliance with the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (Senate Bill S.945) in the form approved by the Senate prior to Subscription Date, assuming, for such purposes, that such bill is made into a federal law of the United States without any further changes prior to such time of determination (unless such bill or any applicable successor bill is made into a federal law of the United States on or prior to such time of determination, in which case, this clause shall apply to such successor federal law of the United States (as applicable, the “Successor Foreign Law”), mutatis mutandis).

13. DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 7, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distributions of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to any or all holders of Common Shares, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (the “Distributions”), then the Holder will be entitled to such Distributions as if the Holder had held the number of Common Shares acquirable upon complete conversion of this Debenture (without taking into account any limitations or restrictions on the convertibility of this Debenture and assuming for such purpose that the Debenture was converted at the Conversion Price as of the applicable record date) immediately prior to the date on which a record is taken for such Distribution or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Common Shares are to be determined for such Distributions (provided, however, that to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder and the other Attribution Parties exceeding the Maximum Percentage, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the extent of the Maximum Percentage (and shall not be entitled to beneficial ownership of such Common Shares as a result of such Distribution (and beneficial ownership) to the extent of any such excess) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time or times, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder and the other Attribution Parties exceeding the Maximum Percentage, at which time or times the Holder shall be granted such Distribution (and any Distributions declared or made on such initial Distribution or on any subsequent Distribution held similarly in abeyance) to the same extent as if there had been no such limitation).

14. AMENDING THE TERMS OF THIS DEBENTURE. The prior written consent of each of the Company and the Holder shall be required for any change, waiver or amendment to this Debenture (other than Section 3(d) which may not be amended, modified or waived hereunder). Any change, waiver or amendment so approved shall be binding upon the Holder and all and future holders of this Debenture.

15. TRANSFER. This Debenture and any Common Shares issued upon conversion of this Debenture may be offered, sold, assigned or transferred by the Holder without the consent of the Company only to an Affiliate of the Holder, subject only to the provisions of Section 2(g) of the Debenture Purchase Agreement.

16. REISSUANCE OF THIS DEBENTURE.

(a) Transfer. If this Debenture is to be transferred, the Holder shall surrender this Debenture to the Company, whereupon the Company will forthwith issue and deliver upon the order of the Holder a new Debenture (in accordance with Section 16(d)), registered as the Holder may request, representing the outstanding Principal being transferred by the Holder and, if less than the entire outstanding Principal is being transferred, a new Debenture (in accordance with Section 16(d)) to the Holder representing the outstanding Principal not being transferred. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Debenture,

acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of Section 3(c)(iii) following conversion or redemption of any portion of this Debenture, the outstanding Principal represented by this Debenture may be less than the Principal stated on the face of this Debenture.

(b) Lost, Stolen or Mutilated Debenture. Upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Debenture (as to which a written certification and the indemnification contemplated below shall suffice as such evidence), and, in the case of loss, theft or destruction, of any indemnification undertaking by the Holder to the Company in customary and reasonable form and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender and cancellation of this Debenture, the Company shall execute and deliver to the Holder a new Debenture (in accordance with Section 16(d)) representing the outstanding Principal.

(c) Debenture Exchangeable for Different Denominations. This Debenture is exchangeable, upon the surrender hereof by the Holder at the principal office of the Company, for a new Debenture or Debentures (in accordance with Section 16(d) and in principal amounts of at least $1,000) representing in the aggregate the outstanding Principal of this Debenture, and each such new Debenture will represent such portion of such outstanding Principal as is designated by the Holder at the time of such surrender.

(d) Issuance of New Debentures. Whenever the Company is required to issue a new Debenture pursuant to the terms of this Debenture, such new Debenture (i) shall be of like tenor with this Debenture, (ii) shall represent, as indicated on the face of such new Debenture, the Principal remaining outstanding (or in the case of a new Debenture being issued pursuant to Section 16(a) or Section 16(c), the Principal designated by the Holder which, when added to the principal represented by the other new Debentures issued in connection with such issuance, does not exceed the Principal remaining outstanding under this Debenture immediately prior to such issuance of new Debentures), (iii) shall have an issuance date, as indicated on the face of such new Debenture, which is the same as the Issuance Date of this Debenture, (iv) shall have the same rights and conditions as this Debenture, and (v) shall represent accrued and unpaid Interest and Late Charges on the Principal and Interest of this Debenture, from the Issuance Date.

17. REMEDIES, CHARACTERIZATIONS, OTHER OBLIGATIONS, BREACHES AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF. The remedies provided in this Debenture shall be cumulative and in addition to all other remedies available under this Debenture and any of the other Transaction Documents at law or in equity (including a decree of specific performance and/or other injunctive relief), and nothing herein shall limit the Holder’s right to pursue actual and consequential damages for any failure by the Company to comply with the terms of this Debenture. No failure on the part of the Holder to exercise, and no delay in exercising, any right, power or remedy hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise by the Holder of any right, power or remedy preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or remedy. In addition, the exercise of any right or remedy of the Holder at law or equity or under this Debenture or any of the other Transaction Documents shall not be deemed to be an election of Holder’s rights or remedies under this Debenture or at law or in equity. The Company covenants to the Holder that there shall be no characterization concerning this instrument other than as expressly provided herein. Amounts set forth or provided for herein with respect to payments, conversion and the like (and the computation thereof) shall be the amounts to be received by the Holder and shall not, except as expressly provided herein, be subject to any other obligation of the Company (or the performance thereof). The Company acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to the Holder and that the remedy at law for any such breach may be inadequate. The Company therefore agrees that, in the event of any such breach or threatened breach, the Holder shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies, to specific performance and/or temporary, preliminary and permanent injunctive or other equitable relief from any court of competent jurisdiction in any such case without the necessity of proving actual damages and without posting a bond or other security. The Company shall provide all information and documentation to the Holder that is reasonably requested by the Holder to enable the Holder to confirm the Company’s compliance with the terms and conditions of this Debenture (including, without limitation, compliance with Section 7).

18. PAYMENT OF COLLECTION, ENFORCEMENT AND OTHER COSTS. If (a) this Debenture is placed in the hands of an attorney for collection or enforcement or is collected or enforced through any legal proceeding or the Holder otherwise takes action to collect amounts due under this Debenture or to enforce the provisions of this Debenture or (b) there occurs any bankruptcy, reorganization, receivership of the Company or other proceedings affecting Company creditors’ rights and involving a claim under this Debenture, then, to the extent the Holder prevails in any proceeding in connection with this Debenture, the Company shall pay the reasonable costs incurred by the Holder for such collection, enforcement or action or in connection with such bankruptcy, reorganization, receivership or other proceeding, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements. The Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that no amounts due under this Debenture shall be affected, or limited, by the fact that the purchase price paid for this Debenture was less than the original Principal amount hereof.

19. CONSTRUCTION; HEADINGS. This Debenture shall be deemed to be jointly drafted by the Company and the initial Holder and shall not be construed against any such Person as the drafter hereof. The headings of this Debenture are for convenience of reference and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Debenture. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, each pronoun herein shall be deemed to include the masculine, feminine, neuter, singular and plural forms thereof. The terms “including,” “includes,” “include” and words of like import shall be construed broadly as if followed by the words “without limitation.” The terms “herein,” “hereunder,” “hereof” and words of like import refer to this entire Debenture instead of just the provision in which they are found. Unless expressly indicated otherwise, all section references are to sections of this Debenture. Terms used in this Debenture and not otherwise defined herein, but defined in the other Transaction Documents, shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms on the Initial Closing Date in such other Transaction Documents unless otherwise consented to in writing by the Holder.

20. FAILURE OR INDULGENCE NOT WAIVER. No failure or delay on the part of the Holder in the exercise of any power, right or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such power, right or privilege preclude other or further exercise thereof or of any other right, power or privilege. No waiver shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by an authorized representative of the waiving party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained in this Section 20 shall permit any waiver of any provision of Section 3(d).

21. Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Jury Trial. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of Delaware or any other jurisdictions) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdictions other than the State of Delaware. The Company hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in Delaware, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or under any of the other Transaction Documents or with any transaction contemplated hereby or thereby, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof to such party at the address for such notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed or operate to preclude Buyer from bringing suit or taking other legal action against the Company in any other jurisdiction to collect on the Company’s obligations to Buyer or to enforce a judgment or other court ruling in favor of Buyer. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR UNDER ANY OTHER TRANSACTION DOCUMENT OR IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, ANY OTHER TRANSACTION DOCUMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY.

22. NOTICES; CURRENCY; PAYMENTS.

(a) Notices. Whenever notice is required to be given under this Debenture, unless otherwise provided herein, such notice shall be given in accordance with Section 9(f) of the Debenture Purchase Agreement. The Company shall provide the Holder with prompt written notice of all actions taken pursuant to this Debenture, including in reasonable detail a description of such action and the reason therefor. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will give written notice to the Holder (i) within 24 hours after any adjustment of the Conversion Price, setting forth in reasonable detail, and certifying, the calculation of such adjustment and (ii) at least ten (10) days prior to the date on which the Company closes its books or takes a record (A) with respect to any dividend or distribution upon the Common Shares, (B) with respect to any grant, issuances, or sales of any Options, Convertible Securities or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property to holders of Common Shares or (C) for determining rights to vote with respect to any Fundamental Transaction, dissolution or liquidation, provided in each case that such information shall be made known to the public prior to or in conjunction with such notice being provided to the Holder.

(b) Currency. All dollar amounts referred to in this Debenture are in United States Dollars (“U.S. Dollars”), and all amounts owing under this Debenture shall be paid in U.S. Dollars. All amounts denominated in other currencies (if any) shall be converted into the U.S. Dollar equivalent amount in accordance with the Exchange Rate on the date of calculation. “Exchange Rate” means, in relation to any amount of currency to be converted into U.S. Dollars pursuant to this Debenture, the U.S. Dollar exchange rate as published in the Wall Street Journal on the relevant date of calculation (it being understood and

agreed that where an amount is calculated with reference to, or over, a period of time, the date of calculation shall be the final date of such period of time).

(c) Payments. Whenever any payment of cash is to be made by the Company to the Holder pursuant to this Debenture, unless otherwise expressly set forth herein, such payment shall be made in U.S. Dollars by a certified check drawn on the account of the Company and sent via overnight courier service to the Holder at such address as previously provided to the Company in writing (which address, in the case of the initial Holder, shall initially be as set forth in Section 9(f) of the Debenture Purchase Agreement), provided that the Holder may elect to receive a payment of cash via wire transfer of immediately available funds by providing the Company with prior written notice setting out such request and the Holder’s wire transfer instructions. Whenever any amount expressed to be due by the terms of this Debenture is due on any day which is not a Business Day, the same shall instead be due on the next succeeding day which is a Business Day. Any amount of Principal or other amounts due under this Debenture which is not paid when due (except for Interest accruing following the Trigger Date and to the extent any other such amount due under this Debenture is simultaneously accruing interest at the Trigger Rate hereunder) shall result in a late charge being incurred and payable by the Company in an amount equal to interest on such amount at the rate of fifteen percent (15%) per annum from the date such amount was due until the same is paid in full (“Late Charge”).

23. CANCELLATION. After all Principal, accrued Interest, Late Charges and other amounts at any time owed on this Debenture have been paid in full, this Debenture shall automatically be deemed canceled and discharged, shall be surrendered to the Company for cancellation and shall not be reissued.

24. WAIVER OF NOTICE. To the extent permitted by law, the Company hereby irrevocably waives demand, notice, presentment, protest and all other demands and notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default or enforcement of this Debenture and the Debenture Purchase Agreement.

25. SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Debenture is prohibited by law or otherwise determined to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the provision that would otherwise be prohibited, invalid or unenforceable shall be deemed amended to apply to the broadest extent that it would be valid and enforceable, and the invalidity or unenforceability of such provision shall not affect the validity of the remaining provisions of this Debenture so long as this Debenture as so modified continues to express, without material change, the original intentions of the parties as to the subject matter hereof and the prohibited nature, invalidity or unenforceability of the provision(s) in question does not substantially impair the respective expectations or reciprocal obligations of the parties or the practical realization of the benefits that would otherwise be conferred upon the parties. The parties will endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the prohibited, invalid or unenforceable provision(s) with a valid provision(s), the effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the prohibited, invalid or unenforceable provision(s).

26. MAXIMUM PAYMENTS. Without limiting Section 9(d) of the Debenture Purchase Agreement, nothing contained herein shall be deemed to establish or require the payment of a rate of interest or other charges in excess of the maximum permitted by applicable law. In the event that the rate of interest required to be paid or other charges hereunder exceed the maximum permitted by such law, any payments in excess of such maximum shall be credited against amounts owed by the Company to the Holder and thus refunded to the Company.

27. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this Debenture, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

(a) “1933 Act” means the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.

(b) “1934 Act” means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.

(c) “Adjustment Right” means any right granted with respect to any securities issued in connection with, or with respect to, any issuance or sale (or deemed issuance or sale in accordance with Section 7) of Common Shares (other than rights of the type described in Section 6(a) hereof) that could result in a decrease in the net consideration received by the Company in connection with, or with respect to, such securities (including, without limitation, any cash settlement rights, cash adjustment or other similar rights).

(d) “Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person, it being understood for purposes

of this definition that “control” of a Person means the power directly or indirectly to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person whether by contract or otherwise.

(e) “Attribution Parties” means, collectively, the following Persons and entities: (i) any investment vehicle, including, any funds, feeder funds or managed accounts, currently, or from time to time after the Issuance Date, directly or indirectly managed or advised by the Holder’s investment manager or any of its Affiliates or principals, (ii) any direct or indirect Affiliates of the Holder or any of the foregoing, (iii) any Person acting or who could be deemed to be acting as a Group together with the Holder or any of the foregoing and (iv) any other Persons whose beneficial ownership of Common Shares would or could be aggregated with the Holder’s and the Persons described in foregoing clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) for purposes of Section 13(d) of the 1934 Act. For clarity, the purpose of the foregoing is to subject collectively the Holder and all other Attribution Parties to the Maximum Percentage.

(f) “Black Scholes Consideration Value” means the value of the applicable Option, Convertible Security or Adjustment Right (as the case may be) as of the date of issuance thereof calculated using the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg utilizing (i) an underlying price per share equal to the Closing Sale Price of the Common Shares on the Trading Day immediately preceding the public announcement of the execution of definitive documents with respect to the issuance of such Option, Convertible Security or Adjustment Right (as the case may be), (ii) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the remaining term of such Option, Convertible Security or Adjustment Right (as the case may be) as of the date of issuance of such Option, Convertible Security or Adjustment Right (as the case may be), (iii) a zero cost of borrow and (iv) an expected volatility equal to the greater of 100% and the 100 day volatility obtained from the “HVT” function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the date of issuance of such Option, Convertible Security or Adjustment Right (as the case may be).

(g) “Bloomberg” means Bloomberg, L.P.

(h) “Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.

(i) “Change of Control” means any Fundamental Transaction other than (i) any merger of the Company or any of its, direct or indirect, wholly owned Subsidiaries with or into any of the foregoing Persons, (ii) any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of the Common Shares in which holders of the Company’s voting power immediately prior to such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification continue after such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification to hold publicly traded securities and, directly or indirectly, are, in all material respects, the holders of the voting power of the surviving entity (or entities with the authority or voting power to elect the members of the board of directors (or their equivalent if other than a corporation) of such entity or entities) after such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification, or (iii) pursuant to a migratory merger effected solely for the purpose of changing the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

(j) “Closing Bid Price” and “Closing Sale Price” means, for any security as of any date, the last closing bid price and last closing trade price, respectively, for such security on the Principal Market, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if the Principal Market begins to operate on an extended hours basis and does not designate the closing bid price or the closing trade price (as the case may be) then the last bid price or last trade price, respectively, of such security immediately prior to 4:00:00 p.m., New York time, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal securities exchange or trading market for such security, the last closing bid price or last trade price, respectively, of such security on the principal securities exchange or trading market where such security is listed or traded as reported by Bloomberg, or if the foregoing do not apply, the last closing bid price or last trade price, respectively, of such security in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such security as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no closing bid price or last trade price, respectively, is reported for such security by Bloomberg, the average of the bid prices, or the ask prices, respectively, of any market makers for such security as reported in the “pink sheets” by OTC Markets Group Inc. (formerly Pink Sheets LLC). If the Closing Bid Price or the Closing Sale Price cannot be calculated for a security on a particular date on any of the foregoing bases, the Closing Bid Price or the Closing Sale Price (as the case may be) of such security on such date shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Company and the Holder. If the Company and the Holder

are unable to agree upon the fair market value of such security, then such dispute shall be resolved in accordance with the procedures in Section 21. All such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations or other similar transactions applicable during such period.

(k) “Common Shares” means (i) the Company’s shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, and (ii) any share capital into which such Common Shares shall have been changed or any share capital resulting from a reclassification of such Common Shares.

(l) “Convertible Securities” means any stock or other security (other than Options) that is at any time and under any circumstances, directly or indirectly, convertible into, exercisable or exchangeable for, or which otherwise entitles the holder thereof to acquire, any Common Shares.

(m) “Eligible Market” means The New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE American, The Nasdaq Global Select Market, The Nasdaq Global Market or the Principal Market.

(n) “Fundamental Transaction” means (A) that the Company shall, directly or indirectly, including through subsidiaries, Affiliates or otherwise, in one or more related transactions, (i) consolidate or merge with or into (whether or not the Company is the surviving corporation) another Subject Entity, other than (x) any merger of the Company or any of its, direct or indirect, wholly owned Subsidiaries with or into any of the foregoing Persons, (y) any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of the Common Shares in which holders of the Company’s voting power immediately prior to such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification continue after such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification to hold publicly traded securities and, directly or indirectly, are, in all material respects, the holders of the voting power of the surviving entity (or entities with the authority or voting power to elect the members of the board of directors (or their equivalent if other than a corporation) of such entity or entities) after such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification, or (z) pursuant to a migratory merger effected solely for the purpose of changing the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (ii) sell, assign, transfer, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the properties or assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to one or more Subject Entities, or (iii) make, or allow one or more Subject Entities to make, or allow the Company to be subject to or have its Common Shares be subject to or party to one or more Subject Entities making, a purchase, tender or exchange offer that is accepted by the holders of at least either (x) 50% of the outstanding Common Shares, (y) 50% of the outstanding Common Shares calculated as if any Common Shares held by all Subject Entities making or party to, or Affiliated with any Subject Entities making or party to, such purchase, tender or exchange offer were not outstanding; or (z) such number of Common Shares such that all Subject Entities making or party to, or Affiliated with any Subject Entity making or party to, such purchase, tender or exchange offer, become collectively the beneficial owners (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the 1934 Act) of at least 50% of the outstanding Common Shares, or (iv) consummate a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with one or more Subject Entities whereby all such Subject Entities, individually or in the aggregate, acquire, either (x) at least 50% of the outstanding Common Shares, (y) at least 50% of the outstanding Common Shares calculated as if any Common Shares held by all the Subject Entities making or party to, or Affiliated with any Subject Entity making or party to, such stock purchase agreement or other business combination were not outstanding; or (z) such number of Common Shares such that the Subject Entities become collectively the beneficial owners (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the 1934 Act) of at least 50% of the outstanding Common Shares, or (B) that the Company shall, directly or indirectly, including through subsidiaries, Affiliates or otherwise, in one or more related transactions, allow any Subject Entity individually or the Subject Entities in the aggregate to be or become the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the 1934 Act), directly or indirectly, whether through acquisition, purchase, assignment, conveyance, tender, tender offer, exchange, reduction in outstanding Common Shares, merger, consolidation, business combination, reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, scheme of arrangement, reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification or otherwise in any manner whatsoever, of either (x) at least 50% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by issued and outstanding Common Shares, (y) at least 50% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by issued and outstanding Common Shares not held by all such Subject Entities as of the date of this Debenture calculated as if any Common Shares held by all such Subject Entities were not outstanding, or (z) a percentage of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by issued and outstanding Common Shares or other equity securities of the Company sufficient to allow such Subject Entities to effect a statutory short form merger or other transaction requiring other shareholders of the Company to surrender their Common Shares without approval of the shareholders of the Company.

(o) “GAAP” means United States generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied.

(p) “Group” means a “group” as that term is used in Section 13(d) of the 1934 Act and as defined in Rule 13d-5 thereunder.

(q) “Indebtedness” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Debenture Purchase Agreement.

(r) “Maturity Date” shall mean June 6, 2023; provided, however, the Maturity Date may be extended at the option of the Holder (i) in the event that, and for so long as, an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or (ii) through the date that is twenty (20) Business Days after the consummation of a Fundamental Transaction in the event that a Fundamental Transaction is publicly announced or a Change of Control Notice is delivered prior to the Maturity Date, provided further that if this Debenture shall automatically convert in accordance with the terms herein and the Conversion Amount would be limited pursuant to Section 3(d) hereunder, the Maturity Date shall automatically be extended until such time as such provision shall not limit the conversion of this Debenture.

(s) “Options” means any rights, warrants or options to subscribe for or purchase Common Shares or Convertible Securities.

(t) “Parent Entity” of a Person means an entity that, directly or indirectly, controls the applicable Person and whose equity security is quoted or listed on an Eligible Market, or, if there is more than one such Person or Parent Entity, the Person or Parent Entity with the largest public market capitalization as of the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction.

(u) “Person” means an individual, a limited liability company, a partnership, a joint venture, a corporation, a trust, an unincorporated organization, any other entity or a government or any department or agency thereof.

(v) “Principal Market” means the Nasdaq Capital Market.

(w) “Resale Eligibility Date” means the earlier of (i) the date the initial Registration Statement (as defined in the RRA) filed pursuant to the RRA is declared effective by the SEC (and each prospectus contained therein is available for use on such date), and (ii) the Rule 144 Eligibility Date.

(x) “RRA” means that certain registration rights agreement, dated as of the Subscription Date, by and between the Company and the Investor made a party thereto, as may be amended from time to time.

(y) “Rule 144 Eligibility Date” means the initial date any of the Conversion Shares are eligible to be resold pursuant to Rule 144.

(z) “SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or the successor thereto.

(aa) “Senior Loan Agreements” means those certain Senior Secured Loan Agreements dated as of December 3, 2021, by and among the Company, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries as guarantors, and certain institutional lenders affiliated with Mudrick Capital Management, LP.

(bb) “Significant Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary that is a “significant subsidiary” (within the meaning of Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated under the 1933 Act as such rule is in effect at the time of determination).

(cc) “Subsidiaries” shall have the meaning set forth in the Debenture Purchase Agreement.

(dd) “Subject Entity” means any Person, Persons or Group or any Affiliate or associate of any such Person, Persons or Group, in each case that is not an Affiliate of the Company.

(ee) “Successor Entity” means the Person (or, if so elected by the Holder, the Parent Entity) formed by, resulting from or surviving any Fundamental Transaction or the Person (or, if so elected by the Holder, the Parent Entity) with which such Fundamental Transaction shall have been entered into.

(ff) “Trading Day” means, as applicable, (x) with respect to all price or trading volume determinations relating to the Common Shares, any day on which the Common Shares are traded on the Principal Market, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal trading market for the Common Shares, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which the Common Shares are then traded, provided that “Trading Day” shall not include any day on which the Common Shares are scheduled to trade on such exchange or market for less than 4.5 hours or any day that the Common Shares are suspended from

trading during the final hour of trading on such exchange or market (or if such exchange or market does not designate in advance the closing time of trading on such exchange or market, then during the hour ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York time) unless such day is otherwise designated as a Trading Day in writing by the Holder or (y) with respect to all determinations other than price determinations relating to the Common Shares, any day on which Nasdaq (or any successor thereto) is open for trading of securities.

(gg) “Transaction Documents” shall have the meaning set forth in the Debenture Purchase Agreement.

(hh) “Trigger Date” shall mean February 6, 2023.

(ii) “VWAP” means, for any security as of any date, the dollar volume-weighted average price for such security on the Principal Market (or, if the Principal Market is not the principal trading market for such security, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which such security is then traded) during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York time, and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York time, as reported by Bloomberg through its “HP” function (set to weighted average) or, if the foregoing does not apply, the dollar volume-weighted average price of such security in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such security during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York time, and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York time, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no dollar volume-weighted average price is reported for such security by Bloomberg for such hours, the average of the highest closing bid price and the lowest closing ask price of any of the market makers for such security as reported in the “pink sheets” by OTC Markets Group Inc. (formerly Pink Sheets LLC). If the VWAP cannot be calculated for such security on such date on any of the foregoing bases, the VWAP of such security on such date shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Company and the Holder. If the Company and the Holder are unable to agree upon the fair market value of such security, then such dispute shall be resolved in accordance with the procedures in Section 21. All such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction applicable during such period.

28. DISCLOSURE. Upon receipt or delivery by the Company of any notice in accordance with the terms of this Debenture, unless the Company has in good faith determined that the matters relating to such notice do not constitute material, non-public information relating to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, the Company shall within one (1) Business Day of such receipt or prior to (or simultaneous with) such delivery, as applicable, publicly disclose such material, non-public information on a Current Report on Form 8-K or otherwise. In the event that the Company believes that a notice contains material, non-public information relating to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, the Company shall so indicate to the Holder contemporaneously with delivery (or promptly following receipt by the Company) of such notice, and in the absence of any such indication, the Holder shall be allowed to presume that all matters relating to such notice do not constitute material, non-public information relating to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. If the Company or any of its Subsidiaries provides material non-public information to the Holder that is not simultaneously filed on a Current Report on Form 8-K or otherwise and the Holder has not agreed to receive such material non-public information, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that the Holder shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, affiliates or agents with respect to, or a duty to any of the foregoing not to trade on the basis of, such material non-public information. Nothing contained in this Section 30 shall limit any obligations of the Company, or any rights of the Holder, under Section 4(i) of the Debenture Purchase Agreement.

[signature page follows]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Debenture to be duly executed as of the Issuance Date set out above.


REMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

By:	/s/ Kai-Shing Tao
	Name:	Kai-Shing Tao
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer

Subordinated Convertible Debenture - Signature Page

Exhibit I

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The Company hereby (a) acknowledges, confirms and represents that_________________________2022 is the [Automatic Conversion Date][Rule 144 Eligibility Date][Conversion Settlement Date], (b) certifies that ______________________Common Shares issuable pursuant to such automatic conversion in accordance with the Debenture are eligible to be resold by the Holder either (i) pursuant to Rule 144 (subject to the Holder’s execution and delivery to the Company of a customary 144 representation letter) or (ii) an effective and available registration statement and (c) hereby directs Computershare to issue the above indicated number of Common Shares in accordance with the Transfer Agent Instructions dated October ___, 2022 from the Company and acknowledged and agreed to by Computershare LLC.


			REMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

			By:
						Name:
						Title:

EXECUTION VERSION

DEBENTURE PURCHASE AGREEMENT

This DEBENTURE PURCHASE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of October 6, 2022, is by and among Remark Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the buyer signatory made a party hereto (“Buyer”).

RECITALS

A. Each of the Company and Buyer is executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon the exemption from securities registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), and/or Rule 506(b) of Regulation D (“Regulation D”) as promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the 1933 Act.

B. The Company has authorized the issuance and sale of a convertible subordinated debenture of the Company, in the aggregate original principal amount of $2,778,000, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Debenture”), which Debenture shall be convertible into Common Shares (as defined below) (the Common Shares issuable pursuant to the terms of the Debenture, including, without limitation, upon conversion of principal and any interest, late charges or additional amounts or otherwise thereunder, collectively, the “Conversion Shares”), in accordance with the terms of the Debenture.

C. Buyer wishes to purchase, and the Company wishes to sell, upon the terms and conditions stated in this Agreement, a Debenture in the aggregate original principal amount of $2,778,000 issuable on the Closing Date (as defined below).

D. On the Closing Date, the parties hereto shall execute and deliver a Registration Rights Agreement, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “RRA”), pursuant to which the Company shall agree to provide certain registration rights with respect to the Registrable Securities (as defined in the RRA), under the 1933 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and applicable state securities laws.

G. Except as may be otherwise limited hereby or thereby, the Debenture will be unsecured and subordinated to any existing or future debt obligations of the Company.

H. The Debenture and the Conversion Shares are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities”.

AGREEMENT

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and Buyer hereby agree as follows:

1.PURCHASE AND SALE OF THE DEBENTURE.

(a)Purchase of the Debenture. Subject to the satisfaction (or waiver) of the conditions set forth in Sections 6 and 7 below, the Company shall issue and sell to Buyer, and Buyer agrees to purchase from the Company on the Closing Date, the Debenture in the original principal amount of $2,778,000.

(b)Closing. The closing of the purchase of the Debenture by Buyer (the “Closing” and the date of such Closing, the “Closing Date”) shall occur at the offices of K&L Gates LLP, 599 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10022-6030. The date and time of the Closing shall be 10:00 a.m., New York time, on the first (1st) Business Day after the date on which all of the conditions to the Closing set forth in Sections 6 and 7 below are satisfied or waived (or such other date as is mutually agreed to by the Company and Buyer). As used herein “Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.

(c)Purchase Price. The purchase price for the Debenture to be purchased by Buyer (the “Purchase Price”) shall be $2,500,000.

(d)Form of Payment. On the Closing Date, (A) Buyer shall pay the Purchase Price (less the amounts withheld pursuant to Section 4(g)) to the Company for the Debenture to be issued and sold to Buyer on the Closing Date, by wire transfer of immediately available funds in accordance with a Flow of Funds Letter (as defined below) and (B) the Company shall deliver to Buyer the Debenture in the aggregate original principal amount of $2,778,000, duly executed on behalf of the Company and registered in the name of Buyer or its designee.

2.BUYER’S REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.

Buyer represents and warrants to the Company that, as of the date hereof and as of the Closing:

(a)Organization; Authority. Buyer is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization with the requisite corporate power and authority to conduct its business as currently conducted and to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents to which it is a party and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder.

(b)No Public Sale or Distribution. Buyer (i) is acquiring the Debenture and (ii) upon conversion of the Debenture will acquire the Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion thereof, in each case, for its own account and not with a view towards, or for resale in connection with, the public sale or distribution thereof in violation of applicable securities laws, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the 1933 Act and any applicable state securities

laws; provided, however, by making the representations herein, Buyer does not agree, or make any representation or warranty, to hold any of the Securities for any minimum or other specific term and reserves the right to dispose of the Securities at any time in accordance with or pursuant to a registration statement or an exemption from registration under the 1933 Act and any applicable state securities laws. Buyer does not presently have any agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any Person to distribute any of the Securities in violation of applicable securities laws. For purposes of this Agreement, “Person” means an individual, a limited liability company, a partnership, a joint venture, a corporation, a trust, an unincorporated organization, any other entity and any Governmental Entity (as defined below) or any department or agency thereof.

(c)Accredited Investor Status. Buyer is an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D.

(d)Reliance on Exemptions. Buyer understands that the Securities are being offered and sold to it in reliance on specific exemptions from the registration requirements of United States federal and state securities laws and that the Company is relying in part upon the truth and accuracy of, and Buyer’s compliance with, the representations, warranties, agreements, acknowledgments and understandings of Buyer set forth herein in order to determine the availability of such exemptions and the eligibility of Buyer to acquire the Securities.

(e)Information. Buyer and its advisors, if any, have been furnished with all materials relating to the business, finances, and operations of the Company and materials relating to the offer and sale of the Securities that have been requested by Buyer. Buyer and its advisors, if any, have been afforded the opportunity to ask questions of the Company. Neither such inquiries nor any other due diligence investigations conducted by Buyer or its advisors, if any, or its representatives shall modify, amend or affect Buyer’s right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained herein. Buyer understands that its investment in the Securities involves a high degree of risk. Buyer has sought such accounting, legal and tax advice as it has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to its acquisition of the Securities.

(f)No Governmental Review. Buyer understands that no United States federal or state agency or any other government or governmental agency has passed on or made any recommendation or endorsement of the Securities or the fairness or suitability of the investment in the Securities nor have such authorities passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Securities.

(g)Transfer or Resale. Buyer understands that except as provided in the RRA and Section 4(h) hereof: (i) the Securities have not been and are not being registered under the 1933 Act or any state securities laws, and may not be offered for sale, sold, assigned or transferred unless (A) subsequently registered thereunder, (B) Buyer shall have delivered to the Company (if requested by the Company) an opinion of counsel, in a form reasonably acceptable to the Company, to the effect that such Securities to be sold, assigned or transferred may be sold, assigned or transferred pursuant to an exemption from such registration, or (C) Buyer provides the Company with reasonable assurance that such Securities can be sold, assigned or transferred pursuant to Rule 144 or Rule 144A promulgated under the 1933 Act (or a successor rule thereto) (collectively, “Rule 144”); (ii) any sale of the Securities made in reliance on Rule 144 may be made only in accordance with the terms of Rule 144, and further, if Rule 144 is not applicable, any resale of the Securities under circumstances in which the seller (or the Person through whom the sale is made) may be deemed to be an underwriter (as that term is defined in the 1933 Act) may require compliance with some other exemption under the 1933 Act or the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder; and (iii) neither the Company nor any other Person is under any obligation to register the Securities under the 1933 Act or any state securities

laws or to comply with the terms and conditions of any exemption thereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Securities may be pledged in connection with a bona fide margin account or other loan or financing arrangement secured by the Securities and such pledge of Securities shall not be deemed to be a transfer, sale or assignment of the Securities hereunder, and no Buyer effecting a pledge of Securities shall be required to provide the Company with any notice thereof or otherwise make any delivery to the Company pursuant to this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, including, without limitation, this Section 2(g).

(h)Validity; Enforcement. This Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party have been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered on behalf of Buyer and shall constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of Buyer enforceable against Buyer in accordance with their respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by general principles of equity or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation and other similar laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of applicable creditors’ rights and remedies.

(i)No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by Buyer of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party and the consummation by Buyer of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby will not (i) result in a violation of the organizational documents of Buyer, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which Buyer is a party, or (iii) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including federal and state securities laws) applicable to Buyer, except in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for such conflicts, defaults, rights or violations which could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the ability of Buyer to perform its obligations hereunder.

(j)No Short Selling. The Buyer represents and warrants to the Company that at no time prior to the date of this Agreement has any of the Buyer, its agents, representatives or affiliates engaged in or effected, and shall not engage in or effect, in any manner whatsoever, directly or indirectly, any (i) “short sale” (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), of the Common Shares (excluding transactions properly marked “short exempt”) or (ii) hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to the Common Shares.

3.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY.

The Company represents and warrants to Buyer that, as of the date hereof and as of the Closing:

(a)Organization and Qualification. Except as set forth on Schedule 3(a), each of the Company and each of its Subsidiaries are entities duly organized and validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction in which they are formed, and have the requisite corporate power and authority to own their properties and to carry on their business as now being conducted. Each of the Company and each of its Subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign entity to do business and is in good standing in every jurisdiction in which its ownership of property or the nature of the business conducted by it makes such qualification necessary. As used in this Agreement, “Material Adverse Effect” means any material adverse effect on (i) the business, properties, assets, liabilities, operations (including results thereof), condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any Subsidiary, taken as a whole, (ii) the transactions contemplated hereby or in any of the other Transaction Documents or any other agreements or instruments to be entered into in connection herewith or therewith or (iii) the authority or ability of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to perform any of their respective obligations under

any of the Transaction Documents. The Company has no Subsidiaries except as set forth on Schedule 3(a). “Subsidiaries” means any Person in which the Company, directly or indirectly, (I) owns a majority of the outstanding share capital or holds a majority of the equity or similar interest of such Person or (II) controls or operates all or any part of the business, operations or administration of such Person, and each of the foregoing, is individually referred to herein as a “Subsidiary”.

(b)Authorization; Enforcement; Validity. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and to issue the Securities in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents by the Company, and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including, without limitation, the issuance of the Debenture and the reservation for issuance and issuance of the Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion of the Debenture) have been duly authorized by the Company’s board of directors (the “Signing Resolutions”), and the Signing Resolutions are valid, in full force and effect, have been furnished to Buyer, and have not been modified or supplemented in any respect. Other than the filing with the SEC of one or more Registration Statements in accordance with the requirements of the RRA, the filing of a Form D with the SEC, any other filings as may be required by any state securities agencies, and the submission of a Listing of Additional Shares Notification with the Principal Market (as defined below) (collectively, the “Required Filings”), no further filing, consent or authorization is required by the Company, its Subsidiaries, their respective boards of directors or other governing body, as applicable, or their respective shareholders or stockholders, as applicable, in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. This Agreement has been, and the other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party will be prior to the applicable Closing, duly executed and delivered by the Company, and each constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by general principles of equity or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation or similar laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of applicable creditors’ rights and remedies and except as rights to indemnification and to contribution may be limited by federal or state securities law. “Transaction Documents” means, collectively, this Agreement, the Debenture, the RRA, the purchase agreement with respect to the Company’s equity line financing, the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions (as defined below) and each of the other agreements and instruments entered into and delivered by any of the parties hereto or any of the Subsidiaries in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, as may be amended from time to time.

(c)Issuance of Securities. The issuance of the Debenture is duly authorized and, upon issuance in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents, shall be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and free from all preemptive or similar rights, mortgages, defects, claims, liens, pledges, charges, taxes, rights of first refusal, encumbrances, security interests and other encumbrances (collectively “Liens”) with respect to the issuance thereof. As of the Closing Date, the Company shall have reserved from its duly authorized share capital not less than 150% of the maximum number of Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion of the Debenture (assuming for purposes hereof that (x) the Debenture are convertible at the Standard Conversion Price (as defined in the Debenture) and (y) any such conversion shall not take into account any limitations on the conversion of the Debenture set forth in the Debenture). Upon issuance or conversion in accordance with the Debenture, the Conversion Shares, when issued, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all preemptive or similar rights or Liens with respect to the issue thereof, with the holders thereof being entitled to all rights accorded to a holder of Common Shares. Subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties of Buyer in this Agreement, the offer and issuance by the Company of the Securities is exempt from registration under the 1933 Act.

(d)No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including, without limitation, the issuance of the Debenture, the Conversion Shares and the reservation for issuance of the Conversion Shares) will not (i) result in a violation of the Certificate of Incorporation (as defined below) (including, without limitation, any certificate of designation contained therein) or the Bylaws (as defined below), (ii) except as set forth on Schedule 3(d), conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) in any respect under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party, or (iii) assuming the accuracy of the representations and warranties in Section 2 and the making of the Required Filings, result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including, without limitation, foreign, federal and state securities laws and regulations and the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Principal Market”) and including all applicable foreign, federal and state laws, rules and regulations) applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or by which any property or asset of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or affected, except in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for such breaches, violations or conflicts as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(e)Consents. Other than the Required Filings and such consents, authorizations, filings or registrations the absence of which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is required to obtain any consent from, authorization or order of, or make any filing or registration with, any Governmental Entity or any regulatory or self-regulatory agency or any other Person in order for the Company and such Subsidiaries to execute, deliver or perform any of their respective obligations under or contemplated by the Transaction Documents, in each case, in accordance with the terms hereof or thereof. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is aware of any facts or circumstances that might prevent the Company or any of its Subsidiaries from obtaining or effecting any of the Required Filings or any other registrations, applications or filings contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Other than as set forth on Schedule 3(e), the Company is not in violation of the requirements of the Principal Market and has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances that could reasonably lead to delisting or suspension of the Common Shares in the foreseeable future. “Governmental Entity” means any nation, state, province, region, county, prefecture, city, town, township, village, district, or other political jurisdiction of any nature, federal, state, local, municipal, foreign, or other government, governmental or quasi-governmental authority of any nature (including any governmental agency, branch, department, official, or entity and any court or other tribunal), multi-national organization or body; or body exercising, or entitled to exercise, any administrative, executive, judicial, legislative, police, regulatory, or taxing authority or power of any nature or instrumentality of any of the foregoing, including any entity or enterprise owned or controlled by a government or a public international organization or any of the foregoing.

(f)Acknowledgment Regarding Buyer’s Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that Buyer is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and that Buyer is not (i) an officer or director of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) an “affiliate” (as defined in Rule 144) of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (iii) to the Company’s knowledge, a “beneficial owner” (as defined for purposes of Rule 13d-3 of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”)) of more than 10% of the Common Shares. The Company further acknowledges that Buyer is not acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, and any advice given by Buyer or any of its representatives or agents in connection

with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby is merely incidental to Buyer’s purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to Buyer that the Company’s and each Subsidiary’s decision to enter into the Transaction Documents to which each is a party has been based solely on the independent evaluation by the Company, each Subsidiary and their respective representatives. For the avoidance of doubt, Company further acknowledges to Buyer that Buyer is not a broker dealer nor is Buyer registered or required to be registered as a broker dealer.

(g)No General Solicitation; Placement Agent’s Fees. Neither the Company, nor any of its Subsidiaries or affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf, has engaged in any form of general solicitation or general advertising (within the meaning of Regulation D) in connection with the offer or sale of the Securities. The Company shall be responsible for the payment of any placement agent’s fees, financial advisory fees, or brokers’ commissions (other than for Persons engaged by Buyer or its investment advisor) relating to or arising out of the transactions contemplated hereby. The Company shall pay, and hold Buyer harmless against, any liability, loss or expense (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees and out-of-pocket expenses) arising in connection with any such claim. Except as set forth on Schedule 3(g), neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged any placement agent, broker, finder, or other agent in connection with the offer or sale of the Securities.

(h)No Integrated Offering. None of the Company, its Subsidiaries or any of their affiliates, nor any Person acting on their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would require registration of the issuance of any of the Securities under the 1933 Act, whether through integration with prior offerings or otherwise, or cause this offering of the Securities to require approval of stockholders of the Company in connection with the offering of the Securities for purposes of the 1933 Act or under any applicable stockholder approval provisions, including, without limitation, under the rules and regulations of any exchange or automated quotation system on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated for quotation. None of the Company, its Subsidiaries, their affiliates, nor any Person acting on their behalf will take any action or steps that would require registration of the issuance of any of the Securities under the 1933 Act or cause the offering of any of the Securities to be integrated with other offerings of securities of the Company.

(i)Dilutive Effect. The Company understands and acknowledges that the number of Conversion Shares will increase in certain circumstances. The Company further acknowledges that its obligation to issue the Conversion Shares pursuant to the terms of the Debenture in accordance with this Agreement and the Debenture is, in each case, absolute and unconditional regardless of the dilutive effect that such issuance may have on the ownership interests of other shareholders of the Company, which may be substantial under various market conditions.

(j)Application of Takeover Protections; Rights Agreement. The Company and its board of directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, interested shareholder, business combination, poison pill (including, without limitation, any distribution under a rights agreement), shareholder rights plan or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws or other organizational documents or the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or otherwise which is or could become applicable to any Buyer as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including, without limitation, the Company’s issuance of the Securities and any Buyer’s ownership of the Securities. The Company and its board of directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any shareholder rights plan or similar arrangement relating to accumulations of beneficial ownership of Common Shares or a change in control of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

(k)SEC Documents; Financial Statements. Except as set forth on Schedule 3(k), since December 31, 2020, the Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, proxy statements, information statements and other documents required to be filed or furnished by it with the SEC pursuant to the reporting requirements of the 1934 Act (reports filed in compliance with the time period specified in Rule 12b-25 promulgated under the 1934 Act shall be considered timely for this purpose) (all of the foregoing filed prior to the date hereof and all exhibits and appendices included therein and financial statements, notes and schedules thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein being hereinafter referred to as the “SEC Documents”). The Company has delivered or has made available to Buyer or its representatives true, correct and complete copies of each of the SEC Documents not available on the EDGAR system. As of their respective dates, the SEC Documents complied in all material respects with the requirements of the 1934 Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder applicable to the SEC Documents, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with the SEC, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. As of their respective dates, the financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Documents (the “Financial Statements”) complied in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto as in effect as of the time of filing. Such Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), consistently applied, during the periods involved (except (i) as may be otherwise indicated in such financial statements or the notes thereto, or (ii) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotes or may be condensed or summary statements) and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company as of the dates thereof and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments which will not be material, either individually or in the aggregate). The reserves, if any, established by the Company or the lack of reserves, if applicable, are reasonable based upon facts and circumstances known by the Company on the date hereof and there are no loss contingencies that are required to be accrued by the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 5 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board which are not provided for by the Company in its financial statements or otherwise. No other information provided by or on behalf of the Company to Buyer which is not included in the SEC Documents (including, without limitation, information referred to in Section 2(e) of this Agreement or in the disclosure schedules to this Agreement) contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made. The Company is not currently contemplating to amend or restate any of the Financial Statements (including, without limitation, any notes or any letter of the independent accountants of the Company with respect thereto), nor is the Company currently aware of facts or circumstances which would require the Company to amend or restate any of the Financial Statements, in each case, in order for any of the Financials Statements to be in material compliance with U.S. GAAP and the rules and regulations of the SEC. The Company has not been informed by its independent accountants that they recommend that the Company amend or restate any of the Financial Statements or that there is any need for the Company to amend or restate any of the Financial Statements.

(l)Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date of the Company’s most recent audited Financial Statements filed with the SEC, there has been no material adverse change and no material adverse development in the business, assets, liabilities, properties, operations (including results thereof), condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. Since the date of the Company’s most recent audited Financial Statements filed with the SEC, except as set forth on Schedule 3(l), neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has (i) declared or paid any dividends, (ii) sold any assets, individually or in the aggregate, outside of the ordinary course of business or (iii) made any capital expenditures,

individually or in the aggregate, outside of the ordinary course of business. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has taken any steps to seek protection pursuant to any law or statute relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, receivership, liquidation or winding up, nor does the Company or any Subsidiary have any knowledge or reason to believe that any of their respective creditors intend to initiate involuntary bankruptcy proceedings or any actual knowledge of any fact which would reasonably lead a creditor to do so. The Company and its Subsidiaries, individually and on a consolidated basis, are not as of the date hereof, and after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby to occur at the Closing, will not be Insolvent (as defined below). For purposes of this Section 3(l), “Insolvent” means, (i) with respect to the Company and its Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, (A) the present fair saleable value of the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ assets is less than the amount required to pay the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ total Indebtedness (as defined below), (B) the Company and its Subsidiaries are unable to pay their debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured or (C) the Company and its Subsidiaries intend to incur or believe that they will incur debts that would be beyond their ability to pay as such debts mature; and (ii) with respect to the Company and each Subsidiary, individually, (A) the present fair saleable value of the Company’s or such Subsidiary’s (as the case may be) assets is less than the amount required to pay its respective total Indebtedness, (B) the Company or such Subsidiary (as the case may be) is unable to pay its respective debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured or (C) the Company or such Subsidiary (as the case may be) intends to incur or believes that it will incur debts that would be beyond its respective ability to pay as such debts mature. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged in any business or in any transaction, and is not about to engage in any business or in any transaction, for which the Company’s or such Subsidiary’s remaining assets constitute unreasonably small capital with which to conduct the business in which it is engaged as such business is now conducted and is proposed to be conducted.

(m)No Undisclosed Events, Liabilities, Developments or Circumstances. No event, liability, development or circumstance has occurred or exists, or is reasonably expected to exist or occur with respect to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective businesses, properties, liabilities, prospects, operations (including results thereof) or condition (financial or otherwise), that (i) would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws on a registration statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC relating to an issuance and sale by the Company of its Common Shares and which has not been publicly announced or (ii) could have a Material Adverse Effect.

(n)Violations; Regulatory Permits. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any term of or in default under the Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws, any certificate of designation, preferences or rights of any outstanding series of preferred shares or other special shares of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or the certificate of formation, memorandum of association, articles of association, articles of incorporation, certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational documents of any of the Subsidiaries, as applicable. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any judgment, decree or order or any statute, ordinance, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries will conduct its business in violation of any of the foregoing, except in all cases for possible violations which could not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, except as set forth on Schedule 3(n), the Company is not in violation of any of the rules, regulations or requirements of the Principal Market and has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances that could reasonably lead to delisting or suspension of the Common Shares by the Principal Market in the foreseeable future. Except as set forth on Schedule 3(n), since December 31, 2020, (i) the Common Shares have been listed or designated for quotation on the Principal Market, (ii) trading in the Common Shares has not been suspended by the SEC or the

Principal Market and (iii) the Company has received no communication, written or oral, from the SEC or the Principal Market regarding the suspension or delisting of the Common Shares from the Principal Market. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses, except where the failure to possess such certificates, authorizations or permits would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, and neither the Company nor any such Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authorization or permit. There is no agreement, commitment, judgment, injunction, order or decree binding upon the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party which has or would reasonably be expected to have the effect of prohibiting or materially impairing any business practice of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, any acquisition of property by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or the conduct of business by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries as currently conducted other than such effects, individually or in the aggregate, which have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(o)Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company any of its Subsidiaries or to the Company’s knowledge any director, officer, agent, employee, nor any other Person acting for or on behalf of the foregoing (individually and collectively, a “Company Affiliate”) have violated the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption laws, nor to the Company’s knowledge has any Company Affiliate offered, paid, promised to pay, or authorized the payment of any money, or offered, given, promised to give, or authorized the giving of anything of value, to any officer, employee or any other Person acting in an official capacity for any Governmental Entity to any political party or official thereof or to any candidate for political office (individually and collectively, a “Government Official”) or to any Person under circumstances where such Company Affiliate knew or was aware of a high probability that all or a portion of such money or thing of value would be offered, given or promised, directly or indirectly, to any Government Official, for the purpose of:

(i)(A) influencing any act or decision of such Government Official in his/her official capacity, (B) inducing such Government Official to do or omit to do any act in violation of his/her lawful duty, (C) securing any improper advantage, or (D) inducing such Government Official to influence or affect any act or decision of any Governmental Entity, or

(ii)assisting the Company or its Subsidiaries in obtaining or retaining business for or with, or directing business to, the Company or its Subsidiaries.

(p)Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company and each Subsidiary is in compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder.

(q)Transactions With Affiliates. No current or former employee, partner, director, officer of the Company or its Subsidiaries, or equityholder of any Subsidiary, or 5% or greater equityholder (direct or indirect) of the Company (an “Equityholder”), or any associate, or, to the knowledge of the Company, any affiliate of any of the foregoing, or, to the knowledge of the Company, any relative with a relationship no more remote than first cousin of any of the foregoing, is presently, or has ever been, (i) a party to any transaction with the Company or its Subsidiaries (including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services by, or rental of real or personal property from, or otherwise requiring payments to, any such director, officer, equityholder or Equityholder or such associate or affiliate or relative (other than for ordinary course services as employees, officers or directors of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries)) or (ii) the direct or indirect owner of an interest in any

corporation, firm, association or business organization which is a competitor, supplier or customer of the Company or its Subsidiaries (except for a passive investment (direct or indirect) in less than 5% of the common equity of a company whose securities are traded on or quoted through an Eligible Market (as defined herein)), nor does any such Person receive income from any source other than the Company or its Subsidiaries which relates to the business of the Company or its Subsidiaries or should properly accrue to the Company or its Subsidiaries. No employee, officer, or director of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any Equityholder of the Company or equityholder of any Subsidiary or member of any of the foregoing’s immediate family is indebted to the Company or its Subsidiaries, as the case may be, nor is the Company or any of its Subsidiaries indebted (or committed to make loans or extend or guarantee credit) to any of them, other than (i) for payment of salary for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for reasonable expenses incurred on behalf of the Company, and (iii) for other standard employee benefits made generally available to all employees or executives (including share option agreements outstanding under any share option plan approved by the Board of Directors of the Company).

(r)Equity Capitalization.

(i)Definition: “Common Shares” means (x) the Company’s shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, and (y) any share capital into which such Common Shares shall have been changed or any share capital resulting from a reclassification of such Common Shares.

(ii)Authorized and Outstanding Share Capital. As of September 30, 2022, the authorized share capital of the Company consists of 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 175,000,000 Common Shares, of which 106,407,769 shares are issued and outstanding and 25,238,160 shares are reserved for issuance pursuant to outstanding securities exercisable or exchangeable for, or convertible into, Common Shares. No Common Shares are held in the treasury of the Company.

(iii)Valid Issuance; Available Shares; Affiliates. All of such outstanding shares are duly authorized and have been validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable. All shares underlying Convertible Securities are duly authorized and, upon issuance in accordance with the terms of the agreements governing such Convertible Securities, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. Schedule 3(r)(iii) sets forth the number of Common Shares that are (A) reserved for issuance pursuant to Convertible Securities (other than the Debenture) and (B) as of the date hereof, owned by Persons who are “affiliates” (as defined in Rule 405 of the 1933 Act and calculated based on the assumption that only officers, directors and holders of at least 10% of the Company’s issued and outstanding Common Shares are “affiliates” without conceding that any such Persons are “affiliates” for purposes of federal securities laws) of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. To the Company’s knowledge, no Person owns 10% or more of the Company’s issued and outstanding Common Shares (calculated based on the assumption that all Convertible Securities, whether or not presently exercisable or convertible, have been fully exercised or converted (as the case may be) taking account of any limitations on exercise or conversion (including “blockers”) contained therein without conceding that such identified Person is a 10% shareholder for purposes of federal securities laws).

(iv)Existing Securities; Obligations. Except as disclosed on Schedule 3(r)(iv): (A) none of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s shares, interests or share capital is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or Liens suffered or permitted by the Company or any Subsidiary; (B) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or

securities or rights convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, any shares, interests or share capital of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares, interests or share capital of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, any shares, interests or share capital of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (C) there are no agreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the 1933 Act (except pursuant to the RRA); (D) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (E) there are no securities or instruments containing anti-dilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by the issuance of the Securities; and (F) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any share appreciation rights or “phantom share” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement.

(v)Organizational Documents. The Company has furnished to Buyer true, correct and complete copies of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended through, and as in effect on, the date hereof (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), and the Company’s bylaws, as amended through, and as in effect on, the date hereof (the “Bylaws”), and the material terms of all Convertible Securities and the material rights of the holders thereof in respect thereto that are not described in the SEC Documents.

(s)Indebtedness and Other Contracts. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, (i) except as disclosed on Schedule 3(s), has any outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements, credit facilities or other agreements, documents or instruments evidencing Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound, (ii) except as disclosed in Schedule 3(s), is a party to any contract, agreement or instrument, the violation of which, or default under which, by the other party or parties to such contract, agreement or instrument could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (iii) has any financing statements securing obligations in any amounts filed in connection with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (iv) is in violation of any term of, or in default under, any contract, agreement or instrument relating to any Indebtedness, except where such violations and defaults would not result, individually or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect, or (v) is a party to any contract, agreement or instrument relating to any Indebtedness, the performance of which, in the judgment of the Company’s officers, has or is expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries have any liabilities or obligations required to be disclosed in the SEC Documents which are not so disclosed in the SEC Documents, other than those incurred in the ordinary course of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ respective businesses and which, individually or in the aggregate, do not or could not have a Material Adverse Effect. For purposes of this Agreement: (x) “Indebtedness” of any Person means, without duplication (A) all indebtedness for borrowed money, (B) all obligations issued, undertaken or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property or services (including, without limitation, “capital leases” in accordance with U.S. GAAP) (other than trade payables entered into in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice), (C) all reimbursement or payment obligations with respect to letters of credit, surety bonds and other similar instruments, (D) all obligations evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or similar instruments, including obligations so evidenced incurred in connection with the acquisition of property, assets or businesses, (E) all indebtedness created or arising under any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, or incurred as financing, in either case with respect to any property or assets acquired with the proceeds of such indebtedness (even

though the rights and remedies of the seller or bank under such agreement in the event of default are limited to repossession or sale of such property), (F) all monetary obligations under any leasing or similar arrangement which, in connection with U.S. GAAP, consistently applied for the periods covered thereby, is classified as a capital lease, (G) all indebtedness referred to in clauses (A) through (F) above secured by (or for which the holder of such indebtedness has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any Lien upon or in any property or assets (including accounts and contract rights) owned by any Person, even though the Person which owns such assets or property has not assumed or become liable for the payment of such indebtedness, and (H) all Contingent Obligations in respect of indebtedness or obligations of others of the kinds referred to in clauses (A) through (G) above; and (y) “Contingent Obligation” means, as to any Person, any direct or indirect liability, contingent or otherwise, of that Person with respect to any Indebtedness, lease, dividend or other obligation of another Person if the primary purpose or intent of the Person incurring such liability, or the primary effect thereof, is to provide assurance to the obligee of such liability that such liability will be paid or discharged, or that any agreements relating thereto will be complied with, or that the holders of such liability will be protected (in whole or in part) against loss with respect thereto.

(t)Litigation. There is no material action, suit, arbitration, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by the Principal Market, any court, public board, other Governmental Entity, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, the Common Shares or any of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ officers or directors, whether of a civil or criminal nature or otherwise, in their capacities as such, except as set forth in Schedule 3(t). To the Company’s knowledge, no director, officer or employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has willfully violated 18 U.S.C. §1519 or engaged in spoliation in reasonable anticipation of litigation. Without limitation of the foregoing, there has not been, there is not pending, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not contemplated, any investigation by the SEC involving the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any current or former director or officer of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. The SEC has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company under the 1933 Act or the 1934 Act. The Company has no knowledge of any fact that might result in or form the basis for any such action, suit, arbitration, investigation, inquiry or other proceeding. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to any order, writ, judgment, injunction, decree, determination, or award of any Governmental Entity.

(u)Insurance. The Company and its subsidiaries have insurance coverage against losses and risk to their respective businesses as such other similarly situated companies.

(v)Employee Relations. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any collective bargaining agreement or employs any member of a union. The Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relations with their employees are good. No executive officer (as defined in Rule 501(f) promulgated under the 1933 Act) or other key employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has notified the Company or any such Subsidiary that such officer or employee intends to leave the Company or any such Subsidiary or otherwise terminate such officer’s or employee’s employment with the Company or any such Subsidiary. No executive officer or other key employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement, non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant, and the continued employment of each such executive officer or other key employee (as the case may be) does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations respecting labor, employment and employment practices and benefits, terms and conditions of

employment and wages and hours, except where failure to be in compliance would not, either individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(w)Title.

(i)Real Property. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries holds good title to all real property, leases in real property, facilities or other interests in real property owned or held by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (the “Real Property”) owned by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (as applicable). Such Real Property is free and clear of all Liens and is not subject to any rights of way, building use restrictions, exceptions, variances, reservations, or limitations of any nature except for (a) Liens for current taxes not yet due, (b) zoning laws and other land use restrictions that do not impair the present or anticipated use of the property subject thereto and (c) those that are not likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Any Real Property held under lease by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not interfere in any material respect with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

(ii)Fixtures and Equipment. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries (as applicable) has good title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, the tangible personal property, equipment, improvements, fixtures, and other personal property and appurtenances that are used by the Company or such Subsidiaries in connection with the conduct of their respective businesses (the “Fixtures and Equipment”). The Fixtures and Equipment are structurally sound, are in good operating condition and repair, are adequate for the uses to which they are being put, are not in need of maintenance or repairs except for ordinary, routine maintenance and repairs and are sufficient for the conduct of the Company’s and/or its Subsidiaries’ businesses (as applicable) in the manner as conducted prior to the Closing. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries owns all of their respective Fixtures and Equipment free and clear of all Liens except for (a) liens for current taxes not yet due and (b) zoning laws and other land use restrictions that do not impair the present or anticipated use of the property subject thereto.

(iii)Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries own or possess adequate rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names, service marks, service mark registrations, service names, original works of authorship, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights and all applications and registrations therefor (“Intellectual Property Rights”) necessary to conduct their respective businesses as now conducted. Each of the patents owned by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is set forth on Schedule 3(w)(iii). The Company does not have any knowledge of any infringement by the Company or its Subsidiaries of Intellectual Property Rights of others. There is no claim, action or proceeding being made or brought, or to the knowledge of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, being threatened, against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries regarding its Intellectual Property Rights except where such claim, action or proceeding is not likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is aware of any facts or circumstances that might give rise to any of the foregoing infringements or claims, actions or proceedings. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality, and value of all of their Intellectual Property Rights.

(x)Environmental Laws. To the Company’s knowledge, the Company and its Subsidiaries (A) are in compliance with any and all Environmental Laws (as defined below), (B) have received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable

Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (C) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval except where, in each of the foregoing clauses (A), (B) and (C), the failure to so comply would be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. The term “Environmental Laws” means all federal, state, local or foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including, without limitation, laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder.

(y)Subsidiary Rights. Except as otherwise disclosed in Schedule 3(y), the Company or one of its Subsidiaries has the unrestricted right to vote, and (subject to limitations imposed by applicable law) to receive dividends and distributions on, all capital securities of its Subsidiaries as owned by the Company or such Subsidiary.

(z)Tax Status. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries (i) have made or filed all foreign, federal and state income and all other tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) have paid all material taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations, except those being contested in good faith and for which reserves required by U.S. GAAP have been created in the financial statements of the Company and (iii) have set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company and its Subsidiaries know of no basis for any such claim. The Company is not operated in such a manner as to qualify as a passive foreign investment company, as defined in Section 1297 of the United States Internal Revenue Code, as amended (the “Code”). The net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) for United States federal income tax purposes of the consolidated group of which the Company is the common parent, if any, shall not be adversely affected by the transactions contemplated hereby. The transactions contemplated hereby do not constitute an “ownership change” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code, thereby preserving the Company’s ability to utilize such NOLs.

(aa)Internal Accounting and Disclosure Controls. Except as set forth in Schedule 3(aa), the Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintains internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the 1934 Act) that is effective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP, including that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP and to maintain asset and liability accountability, (iii) access to assets or incurrence of liabilities is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets and liabilities is compared with the existing assets and liabilities at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any difference. Except as set forth in Schedule 3(aa), the Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the 1934 Act) that are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the 1934 Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, including, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed

by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the 1934 Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer or officers and its principal financial officer or officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Except as set forth in Schedule 3(aa), neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice or correspondence from any accountant, Governmental Entity or other Person relating to any potential material weakness or significant deficiency in any part of the internal controls over financial reporting of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

(bb)Off Balance Sheet Arrangements. There is no transaction, arrangement, or other relationship between the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and an unconsolidated or other off balance sheet entity that is required to be disclosed by the Company in its 1934 Act filings and is not so disclosed or that otherwise could be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(cc)Investment Company Status. The Company is not, and upon consummation of the sale of the Securities will not be, an “investment company,” an affiliate of an “investment company,” a company controlled by an “investment company” or an “affiliated person” of, or “promoter” or “principal underwriter” for, an “investment company” as such terms are defined in the United States Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(dd)Manipulation of Price. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has, and, to the knowledge of the Company, no Person acting on their behalf has, directly or indirectly, (i) taken any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities, (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (iv) paid or agreed to pay any Person for research services with respect to any securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

(ff) U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is, or has ever been, and so long as any of the Securities are held by Buyer, shall become, a United States real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897 of the Code, and the Company and each Subsidiary shall so certify upon Buyer’s request.

(ee)Registration Eligibility. The Company is eligible to register the Registrable Securities for resale by Buyer using Form S-1 promulgated under the 1933 Act.

(ff)Transfer Taxes. On or prior to the Closing, all share transfer or other taxes (other than income or similar taxes) which are required to be paid in connection with the issuance, sale and transfer of the Debenture to be sold to Buyer hereunder will be, or will have been, fully paid or provided for by the Company, and all laws imposing such taxes will be or will have been complied with.

(ii)Illegal or Unauthorized Payments; Political Contributions. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the best of the Company’s knowledge (after reasonable inquiry of its officers and directors), any of the officers, directors, employees, agents or other representatives of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any other business entity or enterprise with which the Company or any Subsidiary is or has been affiliated or associated, has, directly or indirectly, made or authorized any payment, contribution or gift of money, property, or services, whether or not in contravention of applicable law, (i) as a kickback or bribe to any Person or (ii) to any political organization, or the holder of or any aspirant to any elective or appointive public office except for personal political contributions not involving the direct or indirect use of funds of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

(jj)Money Laundering. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with, and have not previously violated, the USA Patriot Act of 2001 and all other applicable U.S. and non-U.S. anti-money laundering laws and regulations, including, without limitation, the laws, regulations and Executive Orders and sanctions programs administered by the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control, including, but not limited, to (i) Executive Order 13224 of September 23, 2001 entitled, “Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons Who Commit, Threaten to Commit, or Support Terrorism” (66 Fed. Reg. 49079 (2001)); and (ii) any regulations contained in 31 CFR, Subtitle B, Chapter V.

(kk)Management. Except as set forth in Schedule 3(kk) hereto, during the past five-year period, no current officer or director or, to the knowledge of the Company, no former officer or director or current 10% or greater equityholder of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has been the subject of:

(i)a petition under bankruptcy laws or any other insolvency or moratorium law or the appointment by a court of a receiver, fiscal agent or similar officer for such Person, or any partnership in which such Person was a general partner at or within two years before the filing of such petition or such appointment, or any corporation or business association of which such Person was an executive officer at or within two years before the time of the filing of such petition or such appointment;

(ii)a conviction in a criminal proceeding or a named subject of a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations that do not relate to driving while intoxicated or driving under the influence);

(iii)any order, judgment or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining any such Person from, or otherwise limiting, the following activities:

(1)acting as a futures commission merchant, introducing broker, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, floor broker, leverage transaction merchant, any other Person regulated by the United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission or an associated Person of any of the foregoing, or as an investment adviser, underwriter, broker or dealer in securities, or as an affiliated Person, director or employee of any investment company, bank, savings and loan association or insurance company, or engaging in or continuing any conduct or practice in connection with such activity;

(2)engaging in any particular type of business practice; or

(3)engaging in any activity in connection with the purchase or sale of any security or commodity or in connection with any violation of securities laws or commodities laws;

(iv)any order, judgment or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any authority barring, suspending or otherwise limiting for more than sixty (60) days the right of any such Person to engage in any activity described in the preceding sub paragraph, or to be associated with Persons engaged in any such activity;

(v)a finding by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the SEC or other authority to have violated any securities law, regulation or decree and the judgment in such civil action or finding by the SEC or any other authority has not been subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated; or

(vi)a finding by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated any federal commodities law, and the judgment in such civil action or finding has not been subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated.

(ll)Share Option Plans. Each share option granted by the Company was granted (i) in accordance with the terms of the applicable share option plan of the Company and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Common Shares on the date such share option would be considered granted under U.S. GAAP and applicable law. No share option granted under the Company’s share option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no policy or practice of the Company to knowingly grant, share options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of share options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.

(mm)No Disagreements with Accountants and Lawyers. There are no material disagreements of any kind presently existing, or reasonably anticipated by the Company to arise, between the Company and the accountants and lawyers formerly or presently employed by the Company and the Company is current with respect to any fees owed to its accountants and lawyers which could affect the Company’s ability to perform any of its obligations under any of the Transaction Documents. In addition, on or prior to the date hereof, the Company has had discussions with its accountants about its financial statements previously filed with the SEC. Based on those discussions, the Company has no reason to believe that it will need to restate any such financial statements or any part thereof.

(nn)No Disqualification Events. With respect to Securities to be offered and sold hereunder in reliance on Rule 506(b) under the 1933 Act (“Regulation D Securities”), none of the Company, any of its predecessors, any affiliated issuer, any director, executive officer, other officer of the Company participating in the offering contemplated hereby, any beneficial owner of 20% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting equity securities, calculated on the basis of voting power, nor any promoter (as that term is defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act) connected with the Company in any capacity at the time of sale (each, an “Issuer Covered Person”) is subject to any of the “Bad Actor” disqualifications described in Rule 506(d)(1)(i) to (viii) under the 1933 Act (a “Disqualification Event”), except for a Disqualification Event covered by Rule 506(d)(2) or (d)(3). The Company has exercised reasonable care to determine whether any Issuer Covered Person is subject to a Disqualification Event. The Company has complied, to the extent applicable, with its disclosure obligations under Rule 506(e), and has furnished to Buyer a copy of any disclosures provided thereunder.

(oo)Other Covered Persons. The Company is not aware of any Person that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of Buyer or potential purchasers in connection with the sale of any Regulation D Securities.

(pp)No Additional Agreements. The Company does not have any agreement or understanding with Buyer with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents other than as specified in the Transaction Documents.

(qq)Public Utility Holding Act. None of the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a “holding company,” or an “affiliate” of a “holding company,” as such terms are defined in the Public Utility Holding Act of 2005.

(rr)Federal Power Act. None of the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to regulation as a “public utility” under the Federal Power Act, as amended.

(ss)Disclosure. The Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided Buyer or Buyer’s agents or counsel with any information that constitutes or could reasonably be expected to constitute material, non-public information concerning the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, other than the existence of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and the disclosures contained in the Company’s disclosure schedules to this Agreement. The Company understands and confirms that Buyer will rely on the foregoing representations in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. All disclosure provided to Buyer in the Transaction Documents regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including the disclosures schedules to this Agreement, furnished by or on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. All of the written information furnished after the date hereof by or on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to Buyer pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, taken as a whole, will be true and correct in all material respects as of the date on which such information is so provided and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. No event or circumstance has occurred or information exists with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or its or their business, properties, liabilities, prospects, operations (including results thereof) or conditions (financial or otherwise), which, under applicable law, rule or regulation, requires public disclosure at or before the date hereof or announcement by the Company but which has not been so publicly disclosed. All financial projections and forecasts that have been prepared by or on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and made available to Buyer have been prepared in good faith based upon reasonable assumptions and represented, at the time each such financial projection or forecast was delivered to Buyer, the Company’s best estimate of future financial performance (it being recognized that such financial projections or forecasts are not to be viewed as facts and that the actual results during the period or periods covered by any such financial projections or forecasts may differ from the projected or forecasted results). The Company acknowledges and agrees that Buyer has not made and is not making any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 2.

4.COVENANTS.

(a)Reasonable Best Efforts. Buyer shall use its reasonable best efforts to timely satisfy each of the covenants hereunder and conditions to be satisfied by it as provided in Section 6 of this Agreement. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to timely satisfy each of the covenants hereunder and conditions to be satisfied by it as provided in Section 7 of this Agreement.

(b)Form D and Blue Sky. The Company shall file a Form D with respect to the Securities as required under Regulation D and to provide a copy thereof to Buyer promptly after such filing. The Company shall, on or before the Closing, take such action as the Company shall reasonably determine is necessary in order to obtain an exemption for, or to, qualify the Securities for sale to Buyer at the Closing pursuant to this Agreement under applicable securities or “Blue Sky” laws of the states of the United States (or to obtain an exemption from such qualification), and shall provide evidence of any such action so taken to Buyer on or prior to the Closing. Without limiting any other obligation of the Company under this Agreement, the Company shall make all filings and reports relating to the offer and sale of the Securities required under all applicable securities laws (including, without limitation, all applicable federal securities laws and all applicable “Blue Sky” laws), and the Company shall comply with all

applicable foreign, federal, state and local laws, statutes, rules, regulations and the like relating to the offering and sale of the Securities to Buyer.

(c)Reporting Status. Until the date on which Buyer shall have sold all of the Registrable Securities (the “Reporting Period”), the Company shall timely file all reports required to be filed with the SEC pursuant to the 1934 Act, in accordance with the requirements of the 1934 Act (reports filed in compliance with the time period specified in Rule 12b-25 promulgated under the 1934 Act shall be considered timely for this purpose), and the Company shall not terminate its status as an issuer required to file reports under the 1934 Act even if the 1934 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder would otherwise permit such termination. From the time Form S-1 is available to the Company for the registration of the Registrable Securities, the Company shall take all actions reasonably necessary to maintain its eligibility to register the Registrable Securities for resale by Buyer on Form S-1.

(d)Use of Proceeds. The Company will use the proceeds from the sale of the Securities for general corporate purposes, but not, directly or indirectly, for (i) except as set forth on Schedule 4(d), the satisfaction of any Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) the redemption or repurchase of any securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (iii) the settlement of any outstanding litigation.

(e)Financial Information. The Company agrees to send the following to each Investor (as defined in the RRA) during the Reporting Period (i) unless the following are filed or furnished with the SEC through EDGAR and are available to the public through the EDGAR system, within one (1) Business Day after the filing or furnishing thereof with the SEC, a copy of its Annual Report on Form 10-K, any Current Report on Form 8-K, any other interim reports or any consolidated balance sheets, income statements, shareholders’ equity statements and/or cash flow statements for any period other than annual contained in such reports, and any registration statements or amendments filed pursuant to the 1933 Act, (ii) unless the following are either filed with the SEC through EDGAR or are otherwise widely disseminated via a recognized news release service (such as PR Newswire), on the same day as the release thereof, email copies of all press releases issued by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and (iii) unless the following are filed with the SEC through EDGAR, copies of any notices and other information made available or given to the shareholders of the Company generally, contemporaneously with the making available or giving thereof to such shareholders.

(f)Listing. The Company shall promptly secure the listing or designation for quotation (as the case may be) of all of the Registrable Securities upon each national securities exchange (as such term is used in Section 6 of the 1934 Act) and automated quotation system, if any, upon which the Common Shares is then listed or designated for quotation (as the case may be) (subject to official notice of issuance) and shall maintain such listing or designation for quotation (as the case may be) of all Registrable Securities from time to time issuable under the terms of the Transaction Documents on such national securities exchange or automated quotation system. The Company shall use reasonable best efforts to maintain the Common Shares’ listing or authorization for quotation (as the case may be) on the Principal Market, The New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Global Market or the Nasdaq Global Select Market (each, an “Eligible Market”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries shall take any action that could be reasonably expected to result in the delisting or suspension of the Common Shares on an Eligible Market. The Company shall pay all fees and expenses in connection with satisfying its obligations under this Section 4(f).

(g)Fees. The Company shall reimburse Buyer for all actual costs and expenses incurred by it or its affiliates in connection with the structuring, documentation, negotiation and closing of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (including, without limitation, as applicable, all reasonable legal fees of outside counsel and disbursements of K&L

Gates LLP, counsel to Buyer, any other reasonable fees and expenses in connection with the structuring, documentation, negotiation and closing of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and due diligence and regulatory filings in connection therewith) (the “Transaction Expenses”) and the Transaction Expenses accrued to the date of the Closing, less, $10,000 previously paid by the Company to Buyer, shall be withheld by Buyer from the Purchase Price at the Closing; provided, that the aggregate Transaction Expenses shall not exceed $45,000 (the “Fee Cap”) and the Company shall promptly reimburse K&L Gates LLP on demand for all Transaction Expenses not so reimbursed through withholding at Closing. The Company shall be responsible for the payment of any placement agent’s fees, financial advisory fees, transfer agent fees, DTC (as defined below) fees or broker’s commissions (other than for Persons engaged by Buyer) relating to or arising out of the transactions contemplated hereby. The Company shall pay, and hold Buyer harmless against, any liability, loss or expense (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and out-of-pocket expenses) arising in connection with any claim relating to any such payment. Except as otherwise set forth in the Transaction Documents, each party to this Agreement shall bear its own expenses in connection with the sale of the Securities to Buyer.

(h)Pledge of Securities. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Company acknowledges and agrees that the Securities may be pledged by an Investor (as defined in the RRA) in connection with a bona fide margin agreement or other loan or financing arrangement that is secured by the Securities. The pledge of Securities shall not be deemed to be a transfer, sale or assignment of the Securities hereunder, and no Investor effecting a pledge of Securities shall be required to provide the Company with any notice thereof or otherwise make any delivery to the Company pursuant to this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, including, without limitation, Section 2(g) hereof; provided that an Investor and its pledgee shall be required to comply with the provisions of Section 2(g) hereof in order to effect a sale, transfer or assignment of Securities to such pledgee. The Company hereby agrees to execute and deliver such documentation as a pledgee of the Securities may reasonably request in connection with a pledge of the Securities to such pledgee by Buyer.

(i)Disclosure of Transactions and Other Material Information.

(i)Disclosure of Transaction. The Company, on or before 9:30 a.m., New York time, on the first (1st) Business Day after the date of this Agreement, may issue a press release (the “Press Release”) reasonably acceptable to Buyer disclosing all the material terms of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. On or before 9:30 a.m., New York time, on the first (1st) Business Day after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall furnish a Current Report on Form 8-K describing all the material terms of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents in the form required by the 1934 Act and attaching all the material Transaction Documents (including, without limitation, this Agreement, the form of Debenture and the form of the RRA) (including all attachments, the “8-K Filing”). From and after the furnishing of the 8-K Filing, the Company shall have disclosed all material, non-public information (if any) provided to Buyer by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In addition, effective upon the furnishing of the 8-K Filing, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, affiliates, employees or agents, on the one hand, and Buyer or any of its affiliates, on the other hand, shall terminate.

(ii)Limitations on Disclosure. The Company shall not, and the Company shall cause each of its Subsidiaries and each of its and their respective officers, directors,

employees and agents not to, provide Buyer with any material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of its Subsidiaries from and after the date hereof without the express prior written consent of Buyer (which may be granted or withheld in Buyer’s sole discretion). In the event of a breach of any of the foregoing covenants or any of the covenants or agreements contained in any other Transaction Document, by the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of its or their respective officers, directors, employees and agents (as determined in the reasonable good faith judgment of Buyer), in addition to any other remedy provided herein or in the Transaction Documents, Buyer shall have the right to make a public disclosure, in the form of a press release, public advertisement or otherwise, of such breach or such material, non-public information, as applicable, without the prior approval by the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of its or their respective officers, directors, employees or agents. Buyer shall not have any liability to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of its or their respective officers, directors, employees, affiliates, equityholders or agents, for any such disclosure. To the extent that the Company delivers any material, non-public information to Buyer without Buyer’s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that Buyer shall not have any duty of confidentiality with respect to, or a duty not to trade on the basis of, such material, non-public information. Subject to the foregoing, neither the Company, its Subsidiaries nor Buyer shall issue any press releases or any other public statements with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby; provided, however, the Company shall be entitled, without the prior approval of Buyer, to make the Press Release and any press release or other public disclosure with respect to such transactions (i) in substantial conformity with the 8-K Filing and contemporaneously therewith and (ii) as is required by applicable law and regulations (provided that in the case of clause (i) Buyer shall be consulted by the Company in connection with any such press release or other public disclosure prior to its release). Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary and without implication that the contrary would otherwise be true, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that Buyer shall not have (unless expressly agreed to by Buyer after the date hereof in a written definitive and binding agreement executed by the Company and Buyer), any duty of confidentiality with respect to, or a duty not to trade on the basis of, any material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

(iii)Other Confidential Information. Disclosure Failures; Disclosure Delay Payments. In addition to other remedies set forth in this Section 4(i), and without limiting anything set forth in any other Transaction Document, at any time after the Closing Date if the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents, provides Buyer with material non-public information relating to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each, the “Confidential Information”), the Company shall, on or prior to the applicable Required Disclosure Date (as defined below), publicly disclose such Confidential Information on a Current Report on Form 8-K or otherwise (each, a “Disclosure”). From and after such Disclosure, the Company shall have disclosed all Confidential Information provided to Buyer by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In the event that the Company fails to effect such Disclosure on or prior to the Required Disclosure Date and Buyer shall have possessed Confidential Information for at least five (5) consecutive Trading Days (as defined in the Debenture) (each, a “Disclosure Failure”), then, as partial relief for the damages to Buyer by reason of any such delay in, or reduction of, its ability to buy or sell Common Shares after such Required Disclosure Date (which remedy shall not be exclusive of any other remedies available at law or in equity), the Company shall pay to Buyer an amount in cash equal to the greater of (I) 2% of the aggregate Purchase Price and (II) the applicable Disclosure Restitution Amount (as defined below), on each of the following dates (each, a “Disclosure Delay Payment

Date”): (i) on the date of such Disclosure Failure and (ii) on every thirty (30) day anniversary of such Disclosure Failure until the earlier of (x) the date such Disclosure Failure is cured and (y) such time as all such non-public information provided to Buyer shall cease to be Confidential Information (as evidenced by a certificate, duly executed by an authorized officer of the Company to the foregoing effect) (such earlier date, as applicable, a “Disclosure Cure Date”). Following the initial Disclosure Delay Payment for any particular Disclosure Failure, without limiting the foregoing, if a Disclosure Cure Date occurs prior to any thirty (30) day anniversary of such Disclosure Failure, then such Disclosure Delay Payment (prorated for such partial month) shall be made on the second (2nd) Business Day after such Disclosure Cure Date. The payments to which Buyer shall be entitled pursuant to this Section 4(i)(iii) are referred to herein as “Disclosure Delay Payments”. In the event the Company fails to make Disclosure Delay Payments in a timely manner in accordance with the foregoing, such Disclosure Delay Payments shall bear interest at the rate of 2% per month (prorated for partial months) until paid in full.

(iv)For the purpose of this Agreement the following definitions shall apply:

(1)“Disclosure Failure Market Price” means, as of any Disclosure Delay Payment Date, the price computed as the quotient of (I) the sum of the five (5) highest VWAPs (as defined in the Debenture) of the Common Shares during the applicable Disclosure Restitution Period (as defined below), divided by (II) five (5) (such period, the “Disclosure Failure Measuring Period”). All such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted for any share dividend, share split, share combination, reclassification, or similar transaction that proportionately decreases or increases the Common Shares during such Disclosure Failure Measuring Period.

(2)“Disclosure Restitution Amount” means, as of any Disclosure Delay Payment Date, the product of (x) difference of (I) the Disclosure Failure Market Price less (II) the lowest purchase price, per Common Shares, of any Common Shares issued or issuable to Buyer pursuant to this Agreement or any other Transaction Documents, multiplied by (y) 10% of the aggregate daily dollar trading volume (as reported on Bloomberg, L.P.) of the Common Shares on the Principal Market for each Trading Day either (1) with respect to the initial Disclosure Delay Payment Date, during the period commencing on the applicable Required Disclosure Date through and including the Trading Day immediately prior to the initial Disclosure Delay Payment Date or (2) with respect to each other Disclosure Delay Payment Date, during the period commencing the immediately preceding Disclosure Delay Payment Date through and including the Trading Day immediately prior to such applicable Disclosure Delay Payment Date (such applicable period, the “Disclosure Restitution Period”).

(3)“Required Disclosure Date” means (x) if Buyer authorized the delivery of such Confidential Information, either (I) if the Company and Buyer have mutually agreed upon a date (as evidenced by an e-mail or other writing) of Disclosure of such Confidential Information, such agreed upon date or (II) otherwise, the seventh (7th) calendar day after the date Buyer first received any Confidential Information or (y) if Buyer did not authorize the delivery of such Confidential Information, the first (1st) Business Day after Buyer’s receipt of such Confidential Information.

(j)Additional Registration Statements. Until the Applicable Date (as defined below) and at any time thereafter while any Registration Statement (as defined in the RRA) is not effective or the prospectus contained therein is not available for use, the Company shall not file a

registration statement or an offering statement under the 1933 Act relating to securities that are not the Registrable Securities (other than such supplements or amendments to registration statements that are outstanding and have been declared effective by the SEC as of the date hereof (solely to the extent necessary to keep such registration statements effective and available and not with respect to any Subsequent Placement) and such other registration statements (and prospectuses relating thereto) that the Company is required to file under the existing agreements which are identified in Schedule 4(j), that the Company entered into prior to the date of this Agreement). “Applicable Date” means the earlier of (x) the first date on which the resale by Buyer of all the Registrable Securities required to be filed on the initial Registration Statement (as defined in the RRA) pursuant to the RRA is declared effective by the SEC (and each prospectus contained therein is available for use on such date) or (y) the first date on which all of the Registrable Securities are eligible to be resold by Buyer pursuant to Rule 144 (or, if a Current Public Information Failure has occurred and is continuing, such later date after which the Company has cured such Current Public Information Failure).

(k)Additional Issuance of Securities. So long as Buyer beneficially owns any Securities, the Company will not, without the prior written consent of Buyer, issue any Debenture (other than to Buyer as contemplated hereby) and the Company shall not issue any other securities that would cause a breach or default under the Debenture. The Company agrees that for the period commencing on the date hereof and ending on the date immediately following the 30th Trading Day after the Applicable Date (provided that such period shall be extended by the number of calendar days during such period and any extension thereof contemplated by this proviso on which any Registration Statement is not effective or any prospectus contained therein is not available for use or any Current Public Information Failure exists) (the “Restricted Period”), neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries shall directly or indirectly issue, offer, sell, grant any option or right to purchase, or otherwise dispose of (or announce any issuance, offer, sale, grant of any option or right to purchase or other disposition of) any equity security or any equity-linked or related security (including, without limitation, any “equity security” (as that term is defined under Rule 405 promulgated under the 1933 Act), any Convertible Securities, any debt, any preferred shares or other special shares or any purchase rights) (any such issuance, offer, sale, grant, disposition or announcement (whether occurring during the Restricted Period or at any time thereafter) is referred to as a “Subsequent Placement”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4(k) shall not apply in respect of the issuance of (i) Common Shares or standard options to purchase Common Shares to directors, officers, employees or other service providers of the Company in their capacity as such pursuant to an Approved Share Plan (as defined below), provided that (1) all such issuances (taking into account the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of such options) after the date hereof pursuant to this clause (i) do not, in the aggregate, exceed more than 5% of the Common Shares issued and outstanding immediately prior to the date hereof and (2) the exercise price of any such options is not lowered, none of such options are amended to increase the number of shares issuable thereunder and none of the terms or conditions of any such options are otherwise materially changed in any manner that adversely affects Buyer; (ii) Common Shares issued upon the conversion or exercise of Convertible Securities (other than standard options to purchase Common Shares issued pursuant to an Approved Share Plan that are covered by clause (i) above) issued prior to or after the date hereof, provided that the conversion, exercise or other method of issuance (as the case may be) of any such Convertible Security is made solely pursuant to the conversion, exercise or other method of issuance (as the case may be) provisions of such Convertible Security that were in effect on the date immediately prior to the date of this Agreement, the conversion, exercise or issuance price of any such Convertible Securities (other than standard options to purchase Common Shares issued pursuant to an Approved Share Plan that are covered by clause (i) above) is not lowered, none of such Convertible Securities (other than standard options to purchase Common Shares issued pursuant to an Approved Share Plan that are covered by clause (i) above) are amended to increase the number of shares issuable thereunder and none of the terms or conditions of any such Convertible Securities (other than standard options to purchase Common

Shares issued pursuant to an Approved Share Plan that are covered by clause (i) above) are otherwise materially changed in any manner that adversely affects Buyer; (iii) the Conversion Shares, (iv) any Common Shares issued and sold by the Company to Buyer not pursuant to the Transaction Documents, (v) any Common Shares or Convertible Securities issued by reason of a dividend, stock split, split-up or other distribution on Common Shares, and (vi) any Common Shares issuable in connection with acquisitions, strategic partnerships and other such transactions not for purposes of raising capital (each of the foregoing in clauses (i) through (vi), collectively the “Excluded Securities”). “Approved Share Plan” means any employee benefit or equity incentive plan which has been approved by the board of directors of the Company prior to or subsequent to the date hereof pursuant to which Common Shares and standard options to purchase Common Shares may be issued to any employee, officer, or director for services provided to the Company in their capacity as such. “Convertible Securities” means any share capital or other security of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that is at any time and under any circumstances directly or indirectly convertible into, exercisable or exchangeable for, or which otherwise entitles the holder thereof to acquire, any share capital or other security of the Company (including, without limitation, Common Shares) or any of its Subsidiaries.

(l)Reservation of Shares. So long as any of the Debenture remain outstanding, the Company shall take all action necessary to at all times have authorized, and reserved for the purpose of issuance, no less than 150% of the maximum number of Common Shares issuable upon conversion of all the Debenture then outstanding (assuming for purposes hereof that (x) the Debenture are convertible at the Standard Conversion Price, and (y) any such conversion shall not take into account any limitations on the conversion of the Debenture set forth in the Debenture) (collectively, the “Required Reserve Amount”); provided that at no time shall the number of Common Shares reserved pursuant to this Section 4(l) be reduced other than proportionally in connection with any conversion and/or redemption, as applicable, of Debenture or any reverse stock split. If at any time the number of Common Shares authorized and reserved for issuance is not sufficient to meet the Required Reserve Amount, the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to, as promptly as reasonably practicable, take all corporate action necessary to authorize and reserve a sufficient number of shares, including, without limitation, calling a special meeting of stockholders to authorize additional shares to meet the Company’s obligations pursuant to the Transaction Documents or to approve a reserve stock split, in the case of an insufficient number of authorized shares, obtain stockholder approval of an increase in such authorized number of shares or a reverse stock split, and causing its directors and executive officers to vote their respective shares of the Company in favor of an increase in the authorized shares of the Company or a reverse stock split to ensure that the number of authorized shares is sufficient to meet the Required Reserve Amount.

(m)Conduct of Business. The business of the Company and its Subsidiaries shall not be conducted in violation of any law, ordinance, or regulation of any Governmental Entity, except where such violations would not reasonably be expected to result, either individually or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect.

(n)Other Debenture; Variable Securities. So long as the Debenture remain outstanding, the Company and each Subsidiary shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to affect any Subsequent Placement involving a Variable Rate Transaction, except with respect to any such transaction with Buyer. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company or any Subsidiary (i) issues or sells any Convertible Securities either (A) at a conversion, exercise or exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the Common Shares at any time after the initial issuance of such Convertible Securities, or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such Convertible Securities or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Shares, other than pursuant to a

customary “weighted average” anti-dilution provision or (ii) enters into any agreement (including, without limitation, an equity line of credit or an “at-the-market” offering) whereby the Company or any Subsidiary may sell securities at a future determined price (other than standard and customary “preemptive” or “participation” rights). Buyer shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company and its Subsidiaries to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.

(o)Passive Foreign Investment Company. The Company shall conduct its business, and shall cause its Subsidiaries to conduct their respective businesses, in such a manner as will ensure that the Company will not be deemed to constitute a passive foreign investment company within the meaning of Section 1297 of the Code.

(p)Corporate Existence. So long as Buyer beneficially owns the Debenture, the Company shall not be party to any Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the Debenture) unless the Company is in compliance with the applicable provisions governing Fundamental Transactions set forth in the Debenture.

(q)Regulation M. The Company will not take any action prohibited by Regulation M under the 1934 Act, in connection with the distribution of the Securities contemplated hereby.

(r)General Solicitation. None of the Company, any of its affiliates (as defined in Rule 501(b) under the 1933 Act) or any Person acting on behalf of the Company or such affiliate will solicit any offer to buy or offer or sell the Securities by means of any form of general solicitation or general advertising within the meaning of Regulation D, including: (i) any advertisement, article, notice or other communication published in any newspaper, magazine or similar medium or broadcast over television or radio; and (ii) any seminar or meeting whose attendees have been invited by any general solicitation or general advertising.

(s)Integration. None of the Company, any of its affiliates (as defined in Rule 501(b) under the 1933 Act), or any Person acting on behalf of the Company or such affiliate has or will sell, offer for sale, or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in the 1933 Act) which will be integrated with the sale of the Securities in a manner which would require the registration of the Securities under the 1933 Act or require stockholder approval under the rules and regulations of the Principal Market and the Company will take all action that is appropriate or necessary to assure that its offerings of other securities will not be integrated for purposes of the 1933 Act or the rules and regulations of the Principal Market, with the issuance of Securities contemplated hereby.

(t)Notice of Disqualification Events. The Company will notify Buyer in writing, prior to the Closing of (i) any Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person and (ii) any event that would, with the passage of time, become a Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person.

(u)Closing Documents. On or prior to fourteen (14) calendar days after the the Closing, the Company agrees to deliver, or cause to be delivered, to Buyer and K&L Gates LLP a complete closing set of the Transaction Documents executed at the Closing, the Securities issued at the Closing and any other document required to be delivered to any party pursuant to Section 7 hereof or otherwise.

(v)Prohibition of Short Sales and Hedging Transactions. Buyer agrees that while the Debenture remains outstanding, Buyer and its agents, representatives and affiliates shall not in any manner whatsoever enter into or effect, directly or indirectly, any (i) “short sale” (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of the Common Shares or

(ii) hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to the Common Shares.

5.REGISTER; TRANSFER AGENT INSTRUCTIONS; LEGEND.

(a)Register. The Company shall maintain at its principal executive offices (or such other office or agency of the Company as it may designate by notice to each holder of the Debenture), a register for the Debenture in which the Company shall record the name and address of the Person in whose name the Debenture have been issued (including the name and address of each transferee), the principal amount of the Debenture held by such Person, and the number of Conversion Shares issuable pursuant to the terms of the Debenture held by such Person. The Company shall keep the register open and available at all times during business hours for inspection of holders of the Debenture or their legal representatives.

(b)Transfer Agent Instructions. The Company shall issue irrevocable instructions to its transfer agent and any subsequent transfer agent (as applicable, the “Transfer Agent”) in a form acceptable to Buyer (the “Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions”) to issue certificates or credit shares to the applicable balance accounts at The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), registered in the name of Buyer or its nominee(s), for the Conversion Shares in such amounts as specified from time to time by Buyer to the Company upon automatic conversion of the Debenture. The Company represents and warrants that no instruction other than the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions referred to in this Section 5(b), and stop transfer instructions to give effect to Section 2(g) hereof, will be given by the Company to its transfer agent with respect to the Securities, and that the Securities shall otherwise be freely transferable on the books and records of the Company, as applicable, to the extent provided in this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents. If Buyer effects a sale, assignment or transfer of the Securities in accordance with Section 2(g), the Company shall permit the transfer and shall promptly instruct its transfer agent to issue one or more certificates or credit shares to the applicable balance accounts at DTC in such name and in such denominations as specified by Buyer to effect such sale, transfer or assignment. In the event that such sale, assignment, or transfer involves Conversion Shares sold, assigned, or transferred pursuant to an effective registration statement or in compliance with Rule 144, the transfer agent shall issue such shares to Buyer, assignee or transferee (as the case may be) without any restrictive legend in accordance with Section 5(d) below. The Company acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to Buyer. Accordingly, the Company acknowledges that the remedy at law for a breach of its obligations under this Section 5(b) will be inadequate and agrees, in the event of a breach or threatened breach by the Company of the provisions of this Section 5(b), that Buyer shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies, to an order and/or injunction restraining any breach and requiring immediate issuance and transfer, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required. The Company shall cause its counsel to issue the legal opinion referred to in the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions to the Company’s transfer agent on each Effective Date (as defined in the RRA). Any fees (with respect to the transfer agent, counsel to the Company or otherwise) associated with the issuance of such opinion or the removal of any legends on any of the Securities shall be borne by the Company.

(c)Legends. Buyer understands that the Securities have been issued (or will be issued in the case of the Conversion Shares) pursuant to an exemption from registration or qualification under the 1933 Act and applicable state securities laws, and except as set forth below, the Securities shall bear any legend as required by the “blue sky” laws of any state and a restrictive legend in substantially the following form (and a stop-transfer order may be placed against transfer of such share certificates):

[NEITHER THE ISSUANCE AND SALE OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THESE SECURITIES ARE CONVERTIBLE HAVE BEEN] [THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN] REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED (I) IN THE ABSENCE OF (A) AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR (B) AN OPINION OF COUNSEL TO THE HOLDER (IF REQUESTED BY THE COMPANY), IN A FORM REASONABLY ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY, THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT OR (II) UNLESS SOLD OR ELIGIBLE TO BE SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144 OR RULE 144A UNDER SAID ACT. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, THE SECURITIES MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN OR FINANCING ARRANGEMENT SECURED BY THE SECURITIES.

(d)Removal of Legends. Certificates evidencing Securities shall not be required to contain the legend set forth in Section 5(c) above or any other legend (i) while a registration statement (including a Registration Statement) covering the resale of such Securities is effective under the 1933 Act, (ii) following any sale of such Securities pursuant to Rule 144 (assuming the transferor is not an affiliate of the Company), (iii) if such Securities are eligible to be sold, assigned or transferred under Rule 144 (provided that Buyer provides the Company with reasonable assurances that such Securities are eligible for sale, assignment or transfer under Rule 144 which shall not be required to include an opinion of Buyer’s counsel), (iv) in connection with a sale, assignment or other transfer (other than under Rule 144), provided that Buyer provides the Company with an opinion of counsel to Buyer, in a generally acceptable form, to the effect that such sale, assignment or transfer of the Securities may be made without registration under the applicable requirements of the 1933 Act or (v) if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the 1933 Act (including, without limitation, controlling judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the SEC). If a legend is not required pursuant to the foregoing, the Company shall no later than two (2) Trading Days (or such earlier date as required pursuant to the 1934 Act or other applicable law, rule or regulation for the settlement of a trade initiated on the date Buyer delivers such legended certificate representing such Securities to the Company) following the delivery by Buyer to the Company or the transfer agent (with notice to the Company) of a legended certificate representing such Securities (endorsed or with share powers attached, signatures guaranteed, and otherwise in form necessary to effect the reissuance and/or transfer, if applicable), together with any other deliveries from Buyer as may be required above in this Section 5(d), as directed by Buyer, either: (A) provided that the Company’s transfer agent is participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program and such Securities are Conversion Shares, credit the aggregate number of Common Shares to which Buyer shall be entitled to Buyer’s or its designee’s balance account with DTC through its Deposit/Withdrawal at Custodian system or (B) if the Company’s transfer agent is not participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, issue and deliver (via reputable overnight courier) to Buyer, a certificate representing such Securities that is free from all restrictive and other legends, registered in the name of Buyer or its designee (the date by which such credit is so required to be made to the balance account of Buyer’s or Buyer’s designee with DTC or such certificate is required to be delivered to Buyer pursuant to the foregoing is referred to herein as the “Required Delivery Date”, and the date such Common Shares are actually delivered without restrictive legend to Buyer or Buyer’s designee with DTC, as applicable, the “Share Delivery Date”). The Company shall be responsible for any transfer

agent fees or DTC fees with respect to any issuance of Securities or the removal of any legends with respect to any Securities in accordance herewith.

(e)Failure to Timely Deliver; Buy-In. If the Company fails, for any reason or for no reason, to issue and deliver (or cause to be delivered) to Buyer (or its designee) such Securities that are not required to be legended pursuant to Section 5(d) above by the Required Delivery Date, either (I) if the Transfer Agent is not participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, a certificate for the number of Conversion Shares to which Buyer is entitled and register such Conversion Shares on the Company’s share register or, if the Transfer Agent is participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, to credit the balance account of Buyer or Buyer’s designee with DTC for such number of Conversion Shares submitted for legend removal by Buyer pursuant to Section 5(d) above or (II) if the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Conversion Shares submitted for legend removal by Buyer pursuant to Section 5(d) above (the “Unavailable Shares”) is not available for the resale of such Unavailable Shares and the Company fails to promptly, but in no event later than as required pursuant to the RRA (x) so notify Buyer and (y) deliver the Conversion Shares electronically without any restrictive legend by crediting such aggregate number of Conversion Shares submitted for legend removal by Buyer pursuant to Section 5(d) above to Buyer’s or its designee’s balance account with DTC through its Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian system (the event described in the immediately foregoing clause (II) is hereinafter referred as a “Notice Failure” and together with the event described in clause (I) above, a “Delivery Failure”), then, in addition to all other remedies available to Buyer, the Company shall pay in cash to Buyer on each day after the Share Delivery Date and during such Delivery Failure an amount equal to 2% of the product of (A) the aggregate number of Common Shares not issued to Buyer on or prior to the Required Delivery Date and to which Buyer is entitled, multiplied by (B) the highest trading price of the applicable Conversion Shares for the period between the Required Delivery Date and the Share Delivery Date. In addition to the foregoing, if on or prior to the Required Delivery Date either (I) if the Transfer Agent is not participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, the Company shall fail to issue and deliver a certificate to Buyer and register such Common Shares on the Company’s share register or, if the Transfer Agent is participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, credit the balance account of Buyer or Buyer’s designee with DTC for the number of Common Shares to which Buyer submitted for legend removal by Buyer pursuant to Section 5(d) above or clause (ii) below or (II) a Notice Failure occurs, and if on or after such Trading Day Buyer purchases (in an open market transaction or otherwise) Common Shares to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by Buyer of Common Shares submitted for legend removal by Buyer pursuant to Section 5(d) above that Buyer is entitled to receive from the Company (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall, within two (2) Business Days after Buyer’s request and in Buyer’s discretion, either (i) pay cash to Buyer in an amount equal to Buyer’s total purchase price (including reasonable brokerage commissions and other out-of-pocket expenses, if any, for the Common Shares so purchased) (the “Buy-In Price”), at which point the Company’s obligation to so deliver such certificate or credit Buyer’s balance account shall terminate and such shares shall be cancelled, or (ii) promptly honor its obligation to so deliver to Buyer a certificate or certificates or credit the balance account of Buyer or Buyer’s designee with DTC representing such number of Common Shares that would have been so delivered if the Company timely complied with its obligations hereunder and pay cash to Buyer in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of the Buy-In Price over the product of (A) such number of shares of Conversion Shares that the Company was required to deliver to Buyer by the Required Delivery Date multiplied by (B) the price at which Buyer sold such Conversion Shares in anticipation of the Company’s timely compliance with its delivery obligations hereunder. Nothing shall limit Buyer’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity, including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver certificates representing Common Shares (or to electronically deliver such Common Shares) as required pursuant to the terms hereof. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, with respect to

any given Notice Failure and/or Delivery Failure, this Section 5(e) shall not apply to Buyer the extent the Company has already paid such amounts in full to Buyer with respect to such Notice Failure and/or Delivery Failure, as applicable, pursuant to the analogous sections of the Debenture held by Buyer.

(f)FAST Compliance. While the Debenture remains outstanding, the Company is eligible to participate in, and shall remain eligible to participate in, the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program. Upon any resignation or replacement of Computershare as the Company’s transfer agent, the Company agrees to provide to any successor transfer agent new irrevocable transfer agent instructions in a form mutually agreed to by the Company and Buyer.

6.CONDITIONS TO THE COMPANY’S OBLIGATION TO SELL.

(a)The obligation of the Company hereunder to issue and sell the Debenture to Buyer on the Closing Date is subject to the satisfaction, at or before the Closing, of each of the following conditions, provided that these conditions are for the Company’s sole benefit and may be waived by the Company at any time in its sole discretion by providing Buyer with prior written notice thereof:

(i)Buyer shall have executed each of the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party and delivered the same to the Company.

(ii)Buyer shall have delivered to the Company the Purchase Price (less the amounts withheld pursuant to Section 4(g)) for the Debenture being purchased by Buyer on the Closing Date by wire transfer of immediately available funds in accordance with the applicable Flow of Funds Letter.

(iii)The representations and warranties of Buyer shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date when made and as of the Closing as though originally made at that time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date, which shall be true and correct as of such specific date), and Buyer shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with the covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by Buyer at or prior to the Closing.

(iv)The Company shall have obtained the waiver and consent of Mudrick Capital Management, LP to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

7.CONDITIONS TO BUYER’S OBLIGATION TO PURCHASE.

(a)The obligation of Buyer hereunder to purchase its Debenture at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction, at or before the date of the Closing, of each of the following conditions, provided that these conditions are for Buyer’s sole benefit and may be waived by Buyer at any time in its sole discretion by providing the Company with prior written notice thereof:

(i)The Company shall have duly executed and delivered to Buyer each of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party and the Company shall have duly executed and delivered to Buyer the Debenture in the original principal amount of $2,778,000 purchased by Buyer at the Closing, pursuant to this Agreement.

(ii)Buyer shall have received the opinion of Olshan Frome Wolosky LLP, the Company’s special securities counsel, dated as of the date of the Closing, in a form reasonably acceptable to Buyer.

(iii)[Reserved].

(iv)The Company shall have delivered to Buyer a certificate of good standing evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company issued by the Secretary of State of Delaware as of a date within ten (10) days of the date of the Closing.

(v)The Company shall have delivered to Buyer a certificate evidencing the Company’s qualification as a foreign corporation and good standing issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of each jurisdiction in which the Company and conducts business in the United States, if any, and is required to so qualify, as of a date within ten (10) days of the Closing.

(vi)The Company shall have delivered to Buyer a certified copy of the Certificate of Incorporation as certified by the Secretary of State of Delaware within ten (10) days of the Closing.

(vii)The Company shall have delivered to Buyer a certificate, in a form acceptable to Buyer, executed by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company and dated as of the Closing, as to (i) the Signing Resolutions consistent with Section 3(b) as adopted by the Company’s board of directors in a form reasonably acceptable to Buyer, (ii) the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company and (iii) the Bylaws of the Company, each as in effect at the Closing.

(viii)Each and every representation and warranty of the Company shall be true and correct as of the date when made and as of the date of the Closing as though originally made at that time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date, which shall be true and correct as of such specific date) and the Company shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all respects with the covenants, agreements and conditions required to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company at or prior to the date of the Closing. Buyer shall have received a certificate, duly executed by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, dated as of the date of the Closing, to the foregoing effect and as to such other matters as may be reasonably requested by Buyer in a form acceptable to Buyer.

(ix)The Company shall have delivered to Buyer a letter from the Company’s transfer agent certifying the number of Common Shares outstanding on the date immediately prior to the Closing.

(x)The Common Shares (A) shall be designated for quotation or listed (as applicable) on the Principal Market and (B) shall not have been suspended, as of the date of the Closing, by the SEC or the Principal Market from trading on the Principal Market.

(xi)The Company shall have obtained all governmental, regulatory or third party consents and approvals, if any, necessary for the sale of the Securities, including without limitation, those required by the Principal Market, if any.

(xii)No statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling, or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated, or endorsed by any court or Governmental Entity of competent jurisdiction that prohibits the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

(xiii)Since the date of execution of this Agreement, no event or series of events shall have occurred that reasonably would have or result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(xiv)The Company shall have obtained, if required, approval of the Principal Market to list or designate for quotation (as the case may be) the Conversion Shares.

(xv)Buyer shall have received a letter on the letterhead of the Company, duly executed by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, setting forth the wire amounts of Buyer and the wire transfer instructions of the Company for the Closing (each, a “Flow of Funds Letter”).

(xvi)The Company shall have delivered to Buyer a certificate, duly executed by the auditor of the Company, in a form reasonably acceptable to Buyer, certifying that such auditor is registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

(xvii)The Company and its Subsidiaries shall have delivered to Buyer such other documents, instruments or certificates relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement as Buyer or its counsel may reasonably request.

8.POST CLOSING MATTERS.

Following the Closing and in all events before any Common Shares are required to be delivered by the Company under this Agreement, the Company and Buyer shall use commercially reasonable efforts to agree on the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, with the Company’s transfer agent.

9.MISCELLANEOUS.

(a)Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Jury Trial. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of Delaware or any other jurisdictions) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdictions other than the State of Delaware. The Company hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in Delaware, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or under any of the other Transaction Documents or with any transaction contemplated hereby or thereby, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof to such party at the address for such notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed or operate to preclude Buyer from bringing suit or taking other legal action against the Company in any other jurisdiction to collect on the Company’s obligations to Buyer or to enforce a judgment or other court ruling in favor of Buyer. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR UNDER ANY OTHER TRANSACTION DOCUMENT OR IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, ANY OTHER TRANSACTION DOCUMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY.

the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or by an e-mail which contains a portable document format (.pdf) file of an executed signature page, such signature page shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such signature page were an original thereof.

(c)Headings; Gender. The headings of this Agreement are for convenience of reference and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Agreement. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, each pronoun herein shall be deemed to include the masculine, feminine, neuter, singular, and plural forms thereof. The terms “including,” “includes,” “include” and words of like import shall be construed broadly as if followed by the words “without limitation.” The terms “herein,” “hereunder,” “hereof” and words of like import refer to this entire Agreement instead of just the provision in which they are found.

(d)Severability; Maximum Payment Amounts. If any provision of this Agreement is prohibited by law or otherwise determined to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the provision that would otherwise be prohibited, invalid or unenforceable shall be deemed amended to apply to the broadest extent that it would be valid and enforceable, and the invalidity or unenforceability of such provision shall not affect the validity of the remaining provisions of this Agreement so long as this Agreement as so modified continues to express, without material change, the original intentions of the parties as to the subject matter hereof and the prohibited nature, invalidity or unenforceability of the provision(s) in question does not substantially impair the respective expectations or reciprocal obligations of the parties or the practical realization of the benefits that would otherwise be conferred upon the parties. The parties will endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the prohibited, invalid or unenforceable provision(s) with a valid provision(s), the effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the prohibited, invalid or unenforceable provision(s). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document (and without implication that the following is required or applicable), it is the intention of the parties that in no event shall amounts and value paid by the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries (as the case may be), or payable to or received by Buyer, under the Transaction Documents (including without limitation, any amounts that would be characterized as “interest” under applicable law) exceed amounts permitted under any applicable law. Accordingly, if any obligation to pay, payment made to Buyer, or collection by any Buyer pursuant the Transaction Documents is finally judicially determined to be contrary to any such applicable law, such obligation to pay, payment or collection shall be deemed to have been made by mutual mistake of Buyer, the Company and its Subsidiaries and such amount shall be deemed to have been adjusted with retroactive effect to the maximum amount or rate of interest, as the case may be, as would not be so prohibited by the applicable law. Such adjustment shall be effected, to the extent necessary, by reducing or refunding, at the option of Buyer, the amount of interest or any other amounts that would constitute unlawful amounts required to be paid or actually paid to Buyer under the Transaction Documents. For greater certainty, to the extent that any interest, charges, fees, expenses or other amounts required to be paid to or received by Buyer under any of the Transaction Documents or related thereto are held to be within the meaning of “interest” or another applicable term to otherwise be violative of applicable law, such amounts shall be pro-rated over the period of time to which they relate.

(e)Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement, the other Transaction Documents and the schedules and exhibits attached hereto and thereto and the instruments referenced herein and therein supersede all other prior oral or written agreements between Buyer, the Company, the Subsidiaries, their affiliates and Persons acting on their behalf, including, without limitation, any transactions by Buyer with respect to Common Shares or the Securities, and the other matters contained herein and therein, and this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents, the schedules and exhibits attached hereto and thereto and the instruments referenced herein and therein contain the entire understanding of the parties solely with respect

to the matters covered herein and therein; provided, however, nothing contained in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document shall (or shall be deemed to) (i) have any effect on any agreements Buyer has entered into with, or any instruments Buyer has received from, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries prior to the date hereof with respect to any prior investment made by Buyer in the Company or (ii) waive, alter, modify or amend in any respect any obligations of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any rights of or benefits to Buyer or any other Person, in any agreement entered into prior to the date hereof between or among the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries and Buyer, or any instruments Buyer received from the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries prior to the date hereof, and all such agreements and instruments shall continue in full force and effect. Except as specifically set forth herein or therein, neither the Company nor Buyer makes any representation, warranty, covenant, or undertaking with respect to such matters. For clarification purposes, the Recitals are part of this Agreement. No provision of this Agreement may be amended other than by an instrument in writing signed by the Company and Buyer, and any amendment to any provision of this Agreement made in conformity with the provisions of this Section 9(e) shall be binding on Buyer and all holders of Securities, as applicable; provided that no such amendment shall be effective to the extent that it (A) applies to less than all of the holders of the Securities then outstanding or (B) imposes any obligation or liability on Buyer without Buyer’s prior written consent (which may be granted or withheld in Buyer’s sole discretion). No waiver shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by an authorized representative of the waiving party. The Company has not, directly or indirectly, made any agreements with Buyer relating to the terms or conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents except as set forth in the Transaction Documents. Without limiting the foregoing, the Company confirms that, except as set forth in this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, Buyer has not made any commitment or promise, and Buyer does not have any other obligation, to provide any financing to the Company, any Subsidiary or otherwise. As a material inducement for Buyer to enter into this Agreement, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (x) no due diligence or other investigation or inquiry conducted by Buyer, any of its advisors or any of its representatives shall affect Buyer’s right to rely on, or shall modify or qualify in any manner or be an exception to any of, the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document and (y) unless a provision of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document is expressly preceded by the phrase “except as disclosed in the SEC Documents,” nothing contained in any of the SEC Documents shall affect Buyer’s right to rely on, or shall modify or qualify in any manner or be an exception to any of, the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document.

(f)Notices. Any notices, consents, waivers or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i) upon receipt, when delivered personally; (ii) upon receipt, when sent by electronic mail (provided that such sent email is kept on file (whether electronically or otherwise) by the sending party and the sending party does not receive an automatically generated message from the recipient’s email server that such e-mail could not be delivered to such recipient); or (iii) one (1) Business Day after deposit with an overnight courier service with next day delivery specified, in each case, properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses, e-mail addresses for such communications shall be:

If to the Company:

Remark Holdings, Inc.

800 S. Commerce St.

Las Vegas, NV 89106

Telephone: (702) 701-9514

Attention: Kai-Shing Tao

Email: stao@remarkholdings.com

With a copy (for informational purposes only) to:

Olshan Frome Wolosky LLP

1325 Avenue of the Americas

New York, NY 10019

Attention: Robert H. Friedman, Esq.

Email: rfriedman@olshanlaw.com

If to the Transfer Agent:

Computershare LLC

150 Royall Street

Canton, MA 02021

Attention: Consuelo Galicia

Email: consuelo.galicia@computershare.com

If to Buyer:

As set forth on Schedule 9(f) attached hereto.

with a copy (for informational purposes only) to:

K&L Gates LLP

599 Lexington Avenue

New York, NY 10022-6030

Telephone: (212) 536-4085

Attention: Matthew Ogurick, Esq.

Email: matthew.ogurick@klgates.com

or to such other address, and/or e-mail address and/or to the attention of such other Person as the recipient party has specified by written notice given to each other party five (5) days prior to the effectiveness of such change. Written confirmation of receipt (A) given by the recipient of such notice, consent, waiver or other communication, (B) mechanically or electronically generated by the sender’s e-mail containing the time and date, or (C) provided by an overnight courier service shall be rebuttable evidence of personal service or receipt from an overnight courier service in accordance with clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above, respectively.

(g)Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors and assigns, including any purchasers of any of the Debenture. The Company shall not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of Buyer. Buyer may assign some or all of its rights hereunder in connection with any transfer of any of its Securities made in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents without the consent of the Company, in which event such assignee shall be deemed to be a purchaser hereunder with respect to such assigned rights.

(h)No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, other than the Indemnitees referred to in Section 9(k).

(i)Survival. The representations, warranties, agreements, and covenants shall survive the Closing.

(j)Further Assurances. Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as may be reasonably necessary in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

(k)Indemnification. In consideration of Buyer’s execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and acquiring the Securities thereunder and in addition to all of the Company’s other obligations under the Transaction Documents, the Company shall defend, protect, indemnify and hold harmless Buyer and each holder of any Securities and all of their (including Buyer’s) respective shareholders, partners, managers, members, officers, directors, employees and direct or indirect investors and any of the foregoing Persons’ agents or other representatives (including, without limitation, those retained in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) (collectively, the “Indemnitees”) from and against any and all actions, causes of action, suits, claims, losses, costs, penalties, fees, liabilities and damages, and expenses in connection therewith (irrespective of whether any such Indemnitee is a party to the action for which indemnification hereunder is sought), and including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements (the “Indemnified Liabilities"), incurred by any Indemnitee as a result of, or arising out of, or relating to (i) any misrepresentation or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Company or any Subsidiary in any of the Transaction Documents, (ii) any breach of any covenant, agreement or obligation of the Company or any Subsidiary contained in any of the Transaction Documents or (iii) any cause of action, suit, proceeding or claim brought or made against such Indemnitee by a third party (including for these purposes a derivative action brought on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary) or which otherwise involves such Indemnitee that arises out of or results from (A) the execution, delivery, performance or enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents, (B) any disclosure properly made by Buyer pursuant to Section 4(i), or (C) the status of Buyer or holder of the Securities either as an investor in the Company pursuant to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents or as a party to this Agreement (including, without limitation, as a party in interest or otherwise in any action or proceeding for injunctive or other equitable relief). To the extent that the foregoing undertaking by the Company may be unenforceable for any reason, the Company shall make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified Liabilities, which is permissible under applicable law. Except as otherwise set forth herein, the mechanics and procedures with respect to the rights and obligations under this Section 9(k) shall be the same as those set forth in Section 6 of the RRA.

(l)Construction. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party. No specific representation or warranty shall limit the generality or applicability of a more general representation or warranty. Each and every reference to share prices, Common Shares and any other numbers in this Agreement that relate to the Common Shares shall be automatically adjusted for any share splits, share dividends, share combinations, recapitalizations or other similar transactions that occur with respect to the Common Shares after the date of this Agreement. It is expressly understood and agreed that for all purposes of this Agreement, and without implication that the contrary would otherwise be true, neither transactions nor purchases nor sales shall include the location and/or reservation of borrowable Common Shares.

(m)Remedies. Buyer and in the event of assignment by Buyer of its rights and obligations hereunder, each holder of Securities, shall have all rights and remedies set forth in the Transaction Documents and all rights and remedies which such holders have been granted at any time under any other agreement or contract and all of the rights which such holders have under any law. Any Person having any rights under any provision of this Agreement shall be entitled to enforce such rights specifically (without posting a bond or other security), to recover damages by

reason of any breach of any provision of this Agreement and to exercise all other rights granted by law. Furthermore, the Company recognizes that in the event that it or any Subsidiary fails to perform, observe, or discharge any or all of its or such Subsidiary’s (as the case may be) obligations under the Transaction Documents, any remedy at law would inadequate relief to Buyer. The Company therefore agrees that Buyer shall be entitled to specific performance and/or temporary, preliminary and permanent injunctive or other equitable relief from any court of competent jurisdiction in any such case without the necessity of proving actual damages and without posting a bond or other security. The remedies provided in this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents shall be cumulative and in addition to all other remedies available under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, at law or in equity (including a decree of specific performance and/or other injunctive relief).

(n)Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) the Transaction Documents, whenever Buyer exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company or any Subsidiary does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then Buyer may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company or such Subsidiary (as the case may be), any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights.

(o)Payment Set Aside; Currency. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to Buyer hereunder or pursuant to any of the other Transaction Documents or Buyer enforces or exercises its rights hereunder or thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, foreign, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred. Unless otherwise expressly indicated, all dollar amounts referred to in this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents are in United States Dollars (“U.S. Dollars”), and all amounts owing under this Agreement and all other Transaction Documents shall be paid in U.S. Dollars. All amounts denominated in other currencies (if any) shall be converted into the U.S. Dollar equivalent amount in accordance with the Exchange Rate on the date of calculation. “Exchange Rate” means, in relation to any amount of currency to be converted into U.S. Dollars pursuant to this Agreement, the U.S. Dollar exchange rate as published in the Wall Street Journal on the relevant date of calculation.

(p)Judgment Currency.

(i)If for the purpose of obtaining or enforcing judgment against the Company in connection with this Agreement or any other Transaction Document in any court in any jurisdiction it becomes necessary to convert into any other currency (such other currency being hereinafter in this Section 9(p) referred to as the “Judgment Currency”) an amount due in U.S. Dollars under this Agreement, the conversion shall be made at the Exchange Rate prevailing on the Trading Day immediately preceding:

(1)the date actual payment of the amount due, in the case of any proceeding in the courts of New York or in the courts of any other jurisdiction that will give effect to such conversion being made on such date: or

(2)the date on which the foreign court determines, in the case of any proceeding in the courts of any other jurisdiction (the date as of which such

conversion is made pursuant to this Section 9(p)(i)(2) being hereinafter referred to as the “Judgment Conversion Date”).

(ii)If in the case of any proceeding in the court of any jurisdiction referred to in Section 9(p)(i)(2) above, there is a change in the Exchange Rate prevailing between the Judgment Conversion Date and the date of actual payment of the amount due, the applicable party shall pay such adjusted amount as may be necessary to ensure that the amount paid in the Judgment Currency, when converted at the Exchange Rate prevailing on the date of payment, will produce the amount of U.S. Dollars which could have been purchased with the amount of Judgment Currency stipulated in the judgment or judicial order at the Exchange Rate prevailing on the Judgment Conversion Date.

(iii)Any amount due from the Company under this provision shall be due as a separate debt and shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other amounts due under or in respect of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document.

[signature pages follow]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above.

COMPANY:


REMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

By:	/s/ Kai-Shing Tao
	Name:	Kai-Shing Tao
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above.

BUYER

IONIC VENTURES, LLC


By:	/s/ Brendan O'Neil
	Name:	Brendan O'Neil
	Title:	Authorized Signatory

EXECUTION VERSION

PURCHASE AGREEMENT

THIS PURCHASE AGREEMENT (this “Purchase Agreement”), dated as of October 6, 2022, by and between Remark Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the undersigned signatory hereto (the “Investor”).

WHEREAS:

Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, the Company wishes to sell to the Investor, and the Investor wishes to buy from the Company, up to Fifty Million Dollars ($50,000,000) of Common Shares of the Company, with a par value of $0.001 per share (the “Common Shares”). The Common Shares to be purchased hereunder are referred to herein as the “Purchase Shares”.

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Investor hereby agree as follows:

1.CERTAIN DEFINITIONS.

For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

(a) “Available Amount” means, initially, Fifty Million Dollars ($50,000,000) in the aggregate, which amount shall be reduced by the Purchase Amount each time the Investor purchases Common Shares pursuant to Section 2 hereof.

(b)“Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.

(c)“Business Day” means any day on which the Principal Market is open for trading, including any day on which the Principal Market is open for trading for a period of time less than the customary time.

(d)“Closing Sale Price” means, for any security as of any date, the last closing sale price for such security on the Principal Market as reported by the Principal Market.

(e)“Confidential Information” means any information disclosed by either party to the other party, either directly or indirectly, in writing, orally or by inspection of tangible objects (including, without limitation, documents, prototypes, samples, plant and equipment), which is designated as “Confidential,” “Proprietary” or some similar designation. Information communicated orally shall be considered Confidential Information if such information is confirmed in writing as being Confidential Information within ten (10) Business Days after the initial disclosure. Confidential Information may also include information disclosed to a disclosing party by third parties. Confidential Information shall not, however, include any information which (i) was publicly known and made generally available in the public domain prior to the time of disclosure by the disclosing party; (ii) becomes publicly known and made generally available after disclosure by the disclosing party to the receiving party through no action or inaction of the receiving party; (iii) is already in the possession of the receiving party without confidential restriction at the time of disclosure by the disclosing party as shown by the receiving party’s files and records immediately prior to the time of disclosure; (iv) is obtained by the receiving party from a third party without a breach of such third party’s obligations of confidentiality; (v) is independently developed by the receiving party without use of or reference to the disclosing party’s Confidential Information, as shown by documents and other competent evidence in the receiving party’s possession; or (vi) is required by law to be disclosed by the

receiving party, provided that the receiving party gives the disclosing party prompt written notice of such requirement prior to such disclosure and assistance in obtaining an order protecting the information from public disclosure.

(f)“Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator, or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

(g)“Debenture” has the meaning set forth in the Debenture Purchase Agreement.

(h)“Debenture Purchase Agreement” means that certain Debenture Purchase Agreement, of even date herewith, by and between the Company and the Investor.

(i)“DTC” means The Depository Trust Company, or any successor performing substantially the same function for the Company.

(j)“DWAC Shares” means Common Shares that are (i) issued in electronic form, (ii) freely tradable and transferable and without restriction on resale and (iii) timely credited by the Company to the Investor’s or its designee’s specified Deposit/Withdrawal at Custodian (DWAC) account with DTC under its Fast Automated Securities Transfer (FAST) Program, or any similar program hereafter adopted by DTC performing substantially the same function.

(k)“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

(l)“Floor Price” means $0.25, which shall be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, share split or other similar transaction and, effective upon the consummation of any such reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, share split or other similar transaction, the Floor Price shall mean the lower of (i) the adjusted price and (ii) $0.25.

(m)“Material Adverse Effect” means any material adverse effect on (i) the business, properties, assets, liabilities, operations (including results thereof), condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any Subsidiary, taken as a whole, (ii) the transactions contemplated hereby or in any of the other Transaction Documents or any other agreements or instruments to be entered into in connection herewith or therewith or (iii) the authority or ability of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to perform any of their respective obligations under any of the Transaction Documents.

(n)“Maturity Date” means the first day of the month immediately following the thirty-six (36) month anniversary of the Commencement Date.

(o)“PEA Period” means the period commencing at 9:30 a.m., Eastern time, on the tenth (10th) Business Day immediately prior to the filing of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement (as defined herein) or New Registration Statement (as such term is defined in the Registration Rights Agreement), and ending at 9:30 a.m., Eastern time, on the Business Day immediately following the effective date of such post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement (as defined herein) or such New Registration Statement (as such term is defined in the Registration Rights Agreement).

(p)“Person” means an individual or entity including but not limited to any limited liability company, an exempted company, a partnership, an exempted limited partnership, a joint venture, a corporation, a trust, an unincorporated organization and a government or any department or agency thereof.

(q)“Principal Market” means the Nasdaq Capital Market.

(r)“Purchase Amount” means, with respect to any Regular Purchase made hereunder, the portion of the Available Amount to be purchased by the Investor pursuant to Section 2 hereof.

(s)“Purchase Notice” means a Regular Purchase Notice with respect to any Regular Purchase.

(t)“Registration Rights Agreement” means that certain Registration Rights Agreement, of even date herewith between the Company and the Investor.

(u) “Regular Purchase Measurement Period” means the period starting on the Trading Day immediately after the day that the Investor receives the Pre-Settlement Regular Purchase Shares and ending on the Trading Day immediately following the date upon which the aggregate dollar volume of the Common Shares traded on the Principal Market equals five (5) times the Purchase Amount, in the aggregate, subject to a five (5) Trading Day minimum; provided, however, that each day on which (i) Investor has requested Purchase Shares which cannot be delivered to Investor or (ii) Purchase Shares are not free trading for any reason, shall be excluded from such calculation.

(v)“Regular Purchase Notice” means, with respect to any Regular Purchase pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof, an irrevocable written notice from the Company to the Investor directing the Investor to buy such applicable amount of Purchase Shares as specified by the Company therein.

(w)“Regular Purchase Notice Date” means, with respect to a Regular Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof, the Business Day on which the Investor receives, after 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, but prior to 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on such Business Day, a valid Regular Purchase Notice for such Regular Purchase in accordance with this Agreement.

(x)“Regular Purchase Price” means, with respect to any Regular Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof, 90% (the “RPP Percentage”) of the arithmetic average of the five (5) lowest daily VWAPs during a Regular Purchase Measurement Period (in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, share split or other similar transaction that occurs on or after the date of this Agreement).

(y)“Required Delivery Date” means any date on which the Company or the Transfer Agent is required to deliver Common Shares to Investor hereunder and under the Registration Rights Agreement, including, without limitation, Pre-Settlement Regular Purchase Shares, Settlement Regular Purchase Shares, and Commitment Shares.

(z)“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

(aa)“Securities” means, collectively, the Purchase Shares, the Commitment Shares, and Additional Commitment Shares.

(bb)“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

(cc)“Subsidiary” means any Person the Company wholly owns or controls, or in which the Company, directly or indirectly, owns a majority of the voting stock, voting shares or similar voting interest, in each case that would be disclosable pursuant to Item 601(b)(21) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act.

(dd)“Trading Day” means, as applicable, (x) with respect to all price or trading volume determinations relating to the Common Shares, any day on which the Common Shares are traded on the Principal Market, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal trading market for the Common Shares, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which the Common Shares are then traded during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York time, and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York time; provided that “Trading Day” shall not include any day on which the Common Shares are scheduled to trade on such exchange or market for less than 4.5 hours or any day that the Common Shares are suspended from trading during the final hour of trading on such exchange or market (or if such exchange or market does not designate in advance the closing time of trading on such exchange or market, then during the hour ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York time) unless such day is otherwise designated as a Trading Day in writing by the Investor or (y) with respect to all determinations other than price determinations relating to the Common Shares, any day on which Nasdaq (or any successor thereto) is open for trading of securities.

(ee)“Transaction Documents” means, collectively, this Agreement and the schedules and exhibits hereto, the Registration Rights Agreement and the schedules and exhibits thereto, the Debenture Purchase Agreement and the schedules and exhibits thereto including, without limitation, the Debenture (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement) and each of the other agreements, documents, certificates, and instruments entered into or furnished by the parties hereto in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby.

(ff)“Transfer Agent” means Computershare LLC, the registrar and transfer agent for the Company.

(gg)“VWAP” means, for any security as of any date, the dollar volume-weighted average price for such security on the Principal Market (or, if the Principal Market is not the principal trading market for such security, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which such security is then traded) during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York time, and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York time, as reported by Bloomberg, L.P. through its “HP” function (set to weighted average) or, if the foregoing does not apply, the dollar volume-weighted average price of such security in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such security during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York time, and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York time, as reported by Bloomberg, L.P., or, if no dollar volume-weighted average price is reported for such security by Bloomberg, L.P. for such hours, the average of the highest closing bid price and the lowest closing ask price of any of the market makers for such security as reported in the “pink sheets” by OTC Markets Group Inc. (formerly Pink Sheets LLC). If the VWAP cannot be calculated for such security on such date on any of the foregoing bases, the VWAP of such security on such date shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Company and the Holder. If the Company and the Holder are unable to agree upon the fair market value of such security, then such dispute shall be resolved in accordance with the procedures in Section 12(a). All such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction applicable during such period.

2.PURCHASE OF COMMON SHARES.

Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, the Company has the right to sell to the Investor, and the Investor has the obligation to purchase from the Company, Purchase Shares as follows:

(a)Commencement of Regular Sales of Common Shares.

(i)Regular Purchase Notice. Upon the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Sections 7 and 8 hereof (the “Commencement” and the date of satisfaction of such conditions the “Commencement Date”), the Company shall have the right, but not the obligation, to direct the Investor, by its delivery to the Investor of a Regular Purchase Notice from time to time in accordance with this Agreement, to purchase any amount up to $3,000,000 (a “Regular Purchase”).

(ii)Frequency. Subject also to Sections 7, 8 and 10, the Company may deliver a Regular Purchase Notice to the Investor as often as every Business Day, so long as (i) on any Regular Purchase Notice Date, the Closing Sale Price of the Common Shares is not below the Floor Price, (ii) Purchase Shares for all prior Regular Purchases have theretofore been received by the Investor in accordance with this Agreement, and (iii) no current Regular Purchase Measurement Period or Variable Conversion Measuring Period is running (unless the Company and the Investor mutually agree otherwise in writing). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not deliver a Regular Purchase Notice to the Investor during the PEA Period.

(iii)Pre-Settlement. No later than two (2) Trading Days (or such earlier date as required pursuant to the 1934 Act or other applicable law, rule or regulation for the settlement of a trade initiated on the Regular Purchase Notice Date of such Common Shares issuable pursuant to the Regular Purchase) after the Regular Purchase Notice Date, the Company shall cause the Transfer Agent to deliver to the Investor as DWAC Shares such number of Common Shares (the “Pre-Settlement Regular Purchase Shares”) equal to the product of (A) the quotient of (y) the Purchase Amount divided by (z) the Pre-Settlement Regular Purchase Price (as defined below), and as to which the Holder shall be the owner thereof as of such time of delivery of such Pre-Settlement Regular Purchase Shares, multiplied by (B) 125%. The “Pre-Settlement Regular Purchase Price” means 80% of the Closing Price on the date immediately preceding the Regular Purchase Notice Date. All such determinations to be appropriately adjusted for any share split, share dividend, share combination or other similar transaction during any such measuring period. Investor shall have the right to request additional Pre-Settlement Regular Purchase Shares during the Regular Purchase Measurement Period at any time there is an anticipated shortfall as reasonably determined by Investor.

(iv)Payment for Regular Purchase Shares. If the Company delivers a valid Regular Purchase Notice to Investor and delivers the Pre-Settlement Regular Purchase Shares in accordance with the terms herein, then the Investor shall pay to the Company an amount equal to the Purchase Amount with respect to such Regular Purchase as full payment for such Purchase Shares via wire transfer of immediately available funds on the first Business Day following the date that the Investor receives the Pre-Settlement Regular Purchase Shares, if such Purchase Shares are received by the Investor before 1:00 p.m., Eastern time, or, if such Purchase Shares are received by the Investor after 1:00 p.m., Eastern time, the following Business Day.

(v)Settlement. No later than two (2) Trading Days after the Regular Purchase Measurement Period (the “Regular Purchase Settlement Date”), the Company shall cause the Transfer Agent to deliver to the Investor as DWAC Shares such number of Common Shares (the “Settlement Regular Purchase Shares”) equal to the Purchase Amount divided by the Regular Purchase Price. The number of Common Shares to be delivered on the Regular Purchase Settlement Date shall be reduced by the number of Pre-Settlement Regular Purchase Shares delivered. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if the number of Pre-Settlement Regular Purchase Shares delivered to the Investor exceeds the number of Settlement Regular Purchase Shares, then the Investor shall return such excess shares.

(vi)Purchase Price Adjustment. If an Event of Default occurs between the Regular Purchase Notice Date and any time through the Regular Purchase Settlement Date, then (i) the RPP Percentage shall be automatically adjusted to 60% for so long as such Event of Default remains uncured (provided, however, that if the Company is in default under Section 10(b), then the RPP Percentage shall be automatically adjusted to 80%) and (ii) the Investor shall be entitled to all the rights hereunder as if such Event of Default occurred immediately prior to such Regular Purchase Notice Date.

(b)Reserved.

(c)[Intentionally Omitted]

(d)Compliance with Principal Market Rules. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Company shall not be required or permitted to issue, and the Investor shall not be required to purchase, any Common Shares under this Agreement if such issuance would violate the rules or regulations of the Principal Market. The Company may, in its sole discretion, determine whether to obtain shareholder approval to issue Common Shares equivalent to more than 19.99% of its outstanding Common Shares hereunder if such issuance would require shareholder approval under the rules or regulations of the Principal Market.

(e)Beneficial Ownership Limitation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Company shall not issue or sell, and the Investor shall not purchase or acquire, any Common Shares under this Agreement which, when aggregated with all other Common Shares then beneficially owned by the Investor and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13d-3 promulgated thereunder) would result in the beneficial ownership by the Investor and its affiliates of more than 4.99% of the then issued and outstanding Common Shares of the Company (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). Upon the written or oral request of the Investor, the Company shall promptly (but not later than twenty-four (24) hours) confirm orally or in writing to the Investor the amount of Common Shares then outstanding. The Investor and the Company shall each cooperate in good faith in the determinations required hereby and the application hereof.

(f)Excess Share Limitation. If the Company delivers any Purchase Notice for a Purchase Amount in excess of the limitations contained in this Section 2, such Purchase Notice shall be void ab initio to the extent of the amount by which the number of Purchase Shares set forth in such Purchase Notice exceeds the number of Purchase Shares which the Company is permitted to include in such Purchase Notice in accordance herewith, and the Investor shall have no obligation to purchase such excess Purchase Shares with respect to such Purchase Notice; provided, however, that the Investor shall remain obligated to purchase the number of Purchase Shares which the Company is permitted to include in such Purchase Notice.

(g)Adjustments for Shares. All share-related numbers contained in this Section 2 shall be adjusted to take into account any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, share split or other similar transaction effected with respect to the Common Shares, except as specifically stated herein.

3.INVESTOR’S REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.

The Investor represents and warrants to the Company that as of the date hereof and as of the Commencement Date:

(a)Investment Purpose. The Investor is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Securities or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, has no present

intention of distributing any of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other Persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law (this representation and warranty not limiting the Investor’s right to sell Common Shares representing the Securities at any time pursuant to the Registration Statement described herein or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). The Investor is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business.

(b)Accredited Investor Status. The Investor is an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501(a)(3) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act.

(c)Reliance on Exemptions. The Investor understands that the Securities may be offered and sold to it in reliance on specific exemptions from the registration requirements of United States federal and state securities laws and that the Company is relying in part upon the truth and accuracy of, and the Investor’s compliance with, the representations, warranties, agreements, acknowledgments and understandings of the Investor set forth herein in order to determine the availability of such exemptions and the eligibility of the Investor to acquire the Securities.

(d)Information. Investor and its advisors, if any, have been furnished with all materials relating to the business, finances, and operations of the Company and materials relating to the offer and sale of the Securities that have been requested by Investor. Investor and its advisors, if any, have been afforded the opportunity to ask questions of the Company. Neither such inquiries nor any other due diligence investigations conducted by Investor or its advisors, if any, or its representatives shall modify, amend or affect Investor’s right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained herein. Investor understands that its investment in the Securities involves a high degree of risk. Investor has sought such accounting, legal and tax advice as it has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to its acquisition of the Securities.

(e)No Governmental Review. The Investor understands that no U.S. federal or state agency or any other government or governmental agency has passed on or made any recommendation or endorsement of the Securities or the fairness or suitability of an investment in the Securities nor have such authorities passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Securities.

(f)Transfer or Sale. The Investor understands that (i) the Securities may not be offered for sale, sold, assigned or transferred unless (A) registered pursuant to the Securities Act or (B) an exemption exists permitting such Securities to be sold, assigned or transferred without such registration and (ii) any sale of the Securities made in reliance on Rule 144 may be made only in accordance with the terms of Rule 144 and further, if Rule 144 is not applicable, any resale of the Securities under circumstances in which the seller (or the Person through whom the sale is made) may be deemed to be an underwriter (as that term is defined in the Securities Act) may require compliance with some other exemption under the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder.

(g)Validity; Enforcement. This Agreement and each of the other Transactions Documents to which it is a party have been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered on behalf of the Investor and is a valid and binding agreement of the Investor enforceable against the Investor in accordance with its terms, subject as to enforceability to general principles of equity and to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation and other similar laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of applicable creditors’ rights and remedies.

(h)Residency. The Investor is a resident of the State of California.

(i)No Short Selling. The Investor represents and warrants to the Company that at no time prior to the date of this Agreement has any of the Investor, its agents, representatives or affiliates engaged in or effected, and shall not engage in or effect, in any manner whatsoever, directly or indirectly, any (i) “short sale” (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of the Common Shares (excluding transactions properly marked “short exempt”) or (ii) hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to the Common Shares.

4.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY.

The Company represents and warrants to the Investor that as of the date hereof and as of the Commencement Date:

(a)Organization and Qualification. Each of the Company and each of its material Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction in which it was formed and have the requisite corporate power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign entity to conduct business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect and no proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification. The Company has no Subsidiaries except as set forth on Schedule 4(a). The Company has furnished or made available to the Investor true and correct copies of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), Bylaws, summaries of the material terms of all securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Shares or Common Shares, if any, and copies of any documents containing the material rights of the holders thereof in respect thereto (it being understood that any filing available to the Investor via the SEC’s EDGAR system shall be deemed “furnished to the Investor” hereunder).

(b)Authorization; Enforcement; Validity. (i) The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents, and to issue the Securities in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, (ii) the execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including without limitation, the issuance of the Commitment Shares (as defined below in Section 5(e)) and the Additional Commitment Shares and the reservation for issuance and the issuance of the Purchase Shares issuable under this Agreement, have been duly authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Signing Resolutions”); the Signing Resolutions are valid, in full force and effect, have been made available or furnished to Investor, and have not been modified or supplemented in any respect; and except as set forth in this Agreement, and no further consent or authorization is required by the Company, its Board of Directors or its shareholders, in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (iii) this Agreement has been, and each other Transaction Document shall be on the Commencement Date, duly executed and delivered by the Company and (iv) this Agreement constitutes, and each other Transaction Document upon its execution on behalf of the Company shall constitute, the valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by general principles of equity or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation or similar laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of creditors’ rights

and remedies and except as rights to indemnification and to contribution may be limited by federal or state securities laws.

(c)Equity Capitalization.

(i)As of September 30, 2022, the authorized share capital of the Company consists of 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 175,000,000 Common Shares, of which 106,407,769 shares are issued and outstanding and 25,238,160 shares are reserved for issuance pursuant to outstanding securities exercisable or exchangeable for, or convertible into, Common Shares. No Common Shares are held in the treasury of the Company.

(ii)All of such outstanding shares are duly authorized and have been validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable. All shares underlying convertible securities are duly authorized and, upon issuance in accordance with the terms of the agreements governing such convertible securities, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. Schedule 4(c)(ii) sets forth the number of Common Shares that are (A) reserved for issuance pursuant to convertible securities and (B) as of the date hereof, owned by Persons who are “affiliates” (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act and calculated based on the assumption that only officers, directors and holders of at least 10% of the Company’s issued and outstanding Common Shares are “affiliates” without conceding that any such Persons are “affiliates” for purposes of federal securities laws) of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. To the Company’s knowledge, no Person owns 10% or more of the Company’s issued and outstanding Common Shares (calculated based on the assumption that all convertible securities, whether or not presently exercisable or convertible, have been fully exercised or converted (as the case may be) taking account of any limitations on exercise or conversion (including “blockers”) contained therein without conceding that such identified Person is a 10% shareholder for purposes of federal securities laws).

(iii)Except as set forth on Schedule 4(c)(iii) or as disclosed in the SEC Documents (as defined below), (i) none of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s shares are subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or any liens, encumbrances and defects (“Liens”) suffered or permitted by the Company or any Subsidiary, (ii) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any outstanding debt securities, (iii) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any of the Company’s or any of its Subsidiary’s shares, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional Common Shares of the Company or any shares of capital stock of its Subsidiaries or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any of the Company’s shares or of capital stock of any of its Subsidiaries, (iv) there are no agreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act (except the Registration Rights Agreement), (v) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (vi) there are no securities or instruments containing anti-dilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by the issuance of the Securities as described in this Agreement and (vii) the Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement.

(d)Issuance of Securities. Upon issuance and payment therefor in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Purchase Shares shall be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, Liens, charges, restrictions, rights of first refusal and preemptive rights with respect to the issue thereof, with the holders being entitled to all rights accorded to a holder of Common Shares. The Company shall reserve 20,000,000 of its currently authorized but unissued Common Shares for issuance as Purchase Shares, Commitment Shares, Filing Default Shares (as such term is defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) and Effectiveness Default Shares (as such term is defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) hereunder and under the terms of the Transaction Documents, subject to equitable adjustment for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, share split or other similar transaction. The Commitment Shares, Additional Commitment Shares, Filing Default Shares, and Effectiveness Default Shares shall be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, Liens, charges, restrictions, rights of first refusal and preemptive rights with respect to the issue thereof, with the holders thereof being entitled to all rights accorded to a holder of Common Shares. Subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties of Investor in this Agreement, the offer and issuance by the Company of the Securities is exempt from registration under the Securities Act.

(e)Indebtedness and Other Contracts. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, (i) except as disclosed on Schedule 4(e), has any outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements, credit facilities or other agreements, documents or instruments evidencing Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound, (ii) except as set forth on Schedule 4(e) and disclosed in the SEC Documents, is a party to any contract, agreement or instrument, the violation of which, or default under which, by the other party or parties to such contract, agreement or instrument could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (iii) has any financing statements securing obligations in any amounts filed in connection with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (iv) is in violation of any term of, or in default under, any contract, agreement or instrument relating to any Indebtedness, except where such violations and defaults would not result, individually or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect. For purposes of this Agreement: (x) “Indebtedness” of any Person means, without duplication (A) all indebtedness for borrowed money, (B) all obligations issued, undertaken or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property or services (including, without limitation, “capital leases” in accordance with U.S. GAAP) (other than trade payables entered into in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice), (C) all reimbursement or payment obligations with respect to letters of credit, surety bonds and other similar instruments, (D) all obligations evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or similar instruments, including obligations so evidenced incurred in connection with the acquisition of property, assets or businesses, (E) all indebtedness created or arising under any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, or incurred as financing, in either case with respect to any property or assets acquired with the proceeds of such indebtedness (even though the rights and remedies of the seller or bank under such agreement in the event of default are limited to repossession or sale of such property), (F) all monetary obligations under any leasing or similar arrangement which, in connection with U.S. GAAP, consistently applied for the periods covered thereby, is classified as a capital lease, (G) all indebtedness referred to in clauses (A) through (F) above secured by (or for which the holder of such indebtedness has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any Lien upon or in any property or assets (including accounts and contract rights) owned by any Person, even though the Person which owns such assets or property has not assumed or become liable for the payment of such indebtedness, and (H) all Contingent Obligations in respect of indebtedness or obligations of others of the kinds referred to in clauses (A) through (G) above; and (y) “Contingent Obligation” means, as to any Person, any direct or indirect liability, contingent or otherwise, of that Person with respect to any Indebtedness, lease, dividend or other obligation of another Person if the primary purpose or intent of the Person incurring such liability, or the primary effect thereof, is to provide assurance to the obligee of such liability that such liability will be paid or discharged,

or that any agreements relating thereto will be complied with, or that the holders of such liability will be protected (in whole or in part) against loss with respect thereto.

(f)No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including, without limitation, the reservation for issuance and issuance of the Securities) will not (i) result in a violation of the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws or (ii) except as set forth on Schedule 4(f), conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party, or (iii) assuming the accuracy of the representations and warranties in Section 3 above and the making of the Required Filings, result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including, without limitation foreign, federal and state securities laws and regulations and the rules and regulations of the Principal Market and including all applicable foreign, federal and state laws, rules and regulations) applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or by which any property or asset of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or affected, except in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for such breaches, violations or conflicts as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. Other than the Required Filings and such consents, authorizations, filings or registrations the absence of which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company is not required to obtain any consent, Authorization or order of, or make any filing or registration with, any court or governmental agency or any regulatory or self-regulatory agency in order for it to execute, deliver or perform any of its obligations under or contemplated by the Transaction Documents in accordance with the terms hereof or thereof. Except as set forth elsewhere in this Agreement, all consents, Authorizations, orders, filings and registrations which the Company is required to obtain pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be obtained or effected on or prior to the Commencement Date.

(g)SEC Documents; Financial Statements. Since December 31, 2020, except as set forth on Schedule 4(g), the Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, proxy statements, information statements and other documents required to be filed or furnished by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof (all of the foregoing materials, including all exhibits and appendices included therein and financial statements, notes and schedules thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein and SEC correspondence, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Documents”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Documents prior to the expiration of any such extension. The Company has delivered or has made available to Investor or its representatives true, correct and complete copies of each of the SEC Documents not available on the EDGAR system. As of their respective dates, the SEC Documents complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable. None of the SEC Documents, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Documents (the “Financial Statements”) comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”) (except (i) as may be otherwise specified in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto and (ii) in the case of any unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotes or may be condensed or summary statements), and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the

periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, year-end audit adjustments which will not be material, either individually or in the aggregate. The reserves, if any, established by the Company or the lack of reserves, if applicable, are reasonable based upon facts and circumstances known by the Company on the date hereof and there are no loss contingencies that are required to be accrued by the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 5 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board which are not provided for by the Company in its financial statements or otherwise. No other information provided by or on behalf of the Company to Investor which is not included in the SEC Documents (including, without limitation, information referred to in Section 3(d) of this Agreement or in the disclosure schedules to this Agreement) contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made. The Company is not currently contemplating to amend or restate any of the Financial Statements (including, without limitation, any notes or any letter of the independent accountants of the Company with respect thereto), nor is the Company currently aware of facts or circumstances which would require the Company to amend or restate any of the Financial Statements, in each case, in order for any of the Financials Statements to be in material compliance with GAAP and the rules and regulations of the SEC. The Company has not been informed by its independent accountants that they recommend that the Company amend or restate any of the Financial Statements or that there is any need for the Company to amend or restate any of the Financial Statements. Except as set forth on Schedule 4(g), neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any accountant, Governmental Entity or other Person relating to any potential material weakness or significant deficiency in any part of the internal controls over financial reporting of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. The SEC has not commenced any enforcement proceedings against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

(h)Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date of the Company’s most recent audited Financial Statements filed with the SEC, there has been no material adverse change and no material adverse development in the business, assets, liabilities, properties, operations (including results thereof), condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. Since the date of the Company’s most recent audited Financial Statements filed with the SEC, except as otherwise disclosed on Schedule 4(h), neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has (i) declared or paid any dividends, (ii) sold any assets, individually or in the aggregate, outside of the ordinary course of business or (iii) made any capital expenditures, individually or in the aggregate, outside of the ordinary course of business. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has taken any steps to seek protection pursuant to any law or statute relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, receivership, liquidation or winding up, nor does the Company or any Subsidiary have any knowledge or reason to believe that any of their respective creditors intend to initiate involuntary bankruptcy proceedings or any actual knowledge of any fact which would reasonably lead a creditor to do so. The Company and its Subsidiaries, individually and on a consolidated basis, are not as of the date hereof, and after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby to occur at Commencement, will not be Insolvent (as defined below). For purposes of this Section 4(h), “Insolvent” means, (i) with respect to the Company and its Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, (A) the present fair saleable value of the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ assets is less than the amount required to pay the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ total Indebtedness (as defined below), (B) the Company and its Subsidiaries are unable to pay their debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured or (C) the Company and its Subsidiaries intend to incur or believe that they will incur debts that would be beyond their ability to pay as such debts mature; and (ii) with respect to the Company and each Subsidiary, individually, (A) the present fair saleable value of the Company’s or such Subsidiary’s (as the case may be) assets is less than the amount required to pay its respective total Indebtedness, (B) the Company or such Subsidiary (as the case may be) is unable to pay its respective debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured or (C) the Company or such Subsidiary (as the case may be) intends to incur or

believes that it will incur debts that would be beyond its respective ability to pay as such debts mature. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged in any business or in any transaction, and is not about to engage in any business or in any transaction, for which the Company’s or such Subsidiary’s remaining assets constitute unreasonably small capital with which to conduct the business in which it is engaged as such business is now conducted and is proposed to be conducted.

(i)Litigation. There is no material action, suit, arbitration, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by the Principal Market, any court, public board, other Governmental Entity, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, the Common Shares or any of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ officers or directors, whether of a civil or criminal nature or otherwise, in their capacities as such, except as set forth on Schedule 4(i). To the Company’s knowledge, no director, officer or employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has willfully violated 18 U.S.C. §1519 or engaged in spoliation in reasonable anticipation of litigation. Without limitation of the foregoing, there has not been, there is not pending, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not contemplated, any investigation by the SEC involving the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any current or former director or officer of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. The SEC has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. The Company has no knowledge of any fact that might result in or form the basis for any such action, suit, arbitration, investigation, inquiry or other proceeding. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to any order, writ, judgment, injunction, decree, determination, or award of any Governmental Entity.

(j)Acknowledgment Regarding Investor’s Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that Investor is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and that Investor is not (i) an officer or director of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) an “affiliate” (as defined in Rule 144) of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (iii) to the Company’s knowledge, a “beneficial owner” (as defined for purposes of Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act of more than 10% of the Common Shares. The Company acknowledges that Investor is not acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, and any advice given by Investor or any of its representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby is merely incidental to Investor’s purchase of the Securities. The Company represents to Investor that the Company’s and each Subsidiary’s decision to enter into the Transaction Documents to which each is a party has been based solely on the independent evaluation by the Company, each Subsidiary and their respective representatives. For the avoidance of doubt, Company further acknowledges to Investor that Investor is not a broker dealer nor is Investor registered or required to be registered as a broker dealer.

(k)No Integrated or Aggregated Offering. None of the Company, its Subsidiaries or any of their affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would require registration of the offer and sale of any of the Securities under the Securities Act, whether through integration with prior offerings or otherwise, or cause the transactions contemplated hereby to be aggregated with prior offerings by the Company in a manner that would require stockholder approval for purposes of the Securities Act or under any applicable stockholder approval provisions, including, without limitation, under the rules and regulations of any exchange or automated quotation system on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated for quotation. None of the Company, its Subsidiaries, their affiliates, nor any Person acting on their behalf will take any action or steps that would require

registration of the issuance of any of the Securities under the Securities Act or cause the offering of any of the Securities to be integrated with other offerings of securities of the Company.

(l)Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries own or possess adequate rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names, service marks, service mark registrations, service names, original works of authorship, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights and all applications and registrations therefor (“Intellectual Property Rights”) necessary to conduct their respective businesses as now conducted. Each of the patents owned by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is set forth on Schedule 4(l). The Company does not have any knowledge of any infringement by the Company or its Subsidiaries of Intellectual Property Rights of others. There is no claim, action or proceeding being made or brought, or to the knowledge of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, being threatened, against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries regarding its Intellectual Property Rights except where such claim, action or proceeding is not likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is aware of any facts or circumstances that might give rise to any of the foregoing infringements or claims, actions or proceedings. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality, and value of all of their Intellectual Property Rights.

(m)Environmental Laws. To the Company’s knowledge, the Company and its Subsidiaries (A) are in compliance with any and all Environmental Laws (as defined below), (B) have received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (C) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval except where, in each of the foregoing clauses (A), (B) and (C), the failure to so comply would be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. The term “Environmental Laws” means all federal, state, local or foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including, without limitation, laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder.

(n)Title.

(ii)Fixtures and Equipment. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries (as applicable) has good title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, the tangible personal property, equipment, improvements, fixtures, and other personal property and appurtenances that are used by the Company or such Subsidiaries in connection with the conduct of their respective businesses (the “Fixtures and Equipment”). The Fixtures and Equipment are structurally sound, are in good operating condition and repair, are adequate for the uses to which they are being put, are not in need of maintenance or repairs except for ordinary, routine maintenance and repairs and are sufficient for the conduct of the Company’s and/or its Subsidiaries’ businesses (as applicable) in the manner as conducted prior to each Closing. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries owns all of their respective Fixtures and Equipment free and clear of all Liens except for (a) liens for current taxes not yet due and (b) zoning laws and other land use restrictions that do not impair the present or anticipated use of the property subject thereto.

(o)Insurance. Neither Company nor any of its Subsidiaries have insurance coverage against losses and risks to their respective businesses.

(p)Employee Relations. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any collective bargaining agreement or employs any member of a union. The Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relations with their employees are good. No executive officer (as defined in Rule 501(f) promulgated under the Securities Act) or other key employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has notified the Company or any such Subsidiary that such officer or employee intends to leave the Company or any such Subsidiary or otherwise terminate such officer’s or employee’s employment with the Company or any such Subsidiary. No executive officer or other key employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement, non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant, and the continued employment of each such executive officer or other key employee (as the case may be) does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations respecting labor, employment and employment practices and benefits, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where failure to be in compliance would not, either individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(q)Violations; Regulatory Permits. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any term of or in default under the Certificate of Incorporation, any certificate of designation, preferences or rights of any outstanding series of preferred shares or other special shares of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or the certificate of formation, memorandum of association, articles of association, articles of incorporation, certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational documents of any of the Subsidiaries, as applicable. Except as disclosed on Schedule 4(q), the Company is not in violation of any of the rules, regulations, or requirements of the Principal Market and has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances that could reasonably lead to delisting or suspension of the Common Shares by the Principal Market in the foreseeable future. Except as disclosed on Schedule 4(q), since December 31, 2020, (i) the Common Shares have been listed or designated for quotation on the Principal Market, (ii) trading in the Common Shares has not been suspended by the SEC or the Principal Market and (iii) the Company has received no communication, written or oral, from the SEC or the Principal Market regarding the suspension or delisting of the Common Shares from the Principal Market. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses, except where the failure to possess such certificates, authorizations or permits would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, and neither the

Company nor any such Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authorization or permit. There is no agreement, commitment, judgment, injunction, order or decree binding upon the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party which has or would reasonably be expected to have the effect of prohibiting or materially impairing any business practice of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, any acquisition of property by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or the conduct of business by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries as currently conducted other than such effects, individually or in the aggregate, which have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(r)Subsidiary Rights. Except as otherwise disclosed on Schedule 4(r), the Company or one of its Subsidiaries has the unrestricted right to vote, and (subject to limitations imposed by applicable law) to receive dividends and distributions on, all capital securities of its Subsidiaries as owned by the Company or such Subsidiary.

(s)Tax Status. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries (i) have made or filed all foreign, federal and state income and all other tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) have paid all material taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations, except those being contested in good faith and for which reserves required by U.S. GAAP have been created in the financial statements of the Company and (iii) have set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company and its Subsidiaries know of no basis for any such claim. The Company is not operated in such a manner as to qualify as a passive foreign investment company, as defined in Section 1297 of the United States Internal Revenue Code, as amended (the “Code”). The net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) for United States federal income tax purposes of the consolidated group of which the Company is the common parent, if any, shall not be adversely affected by the transactions contemplated hereby. The transactions contemplated hereby do not constitute an “ownership change” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code, thereby preserving the Company’s ability to utilize such NOLs.

(t)Transactions with Affiliates. Except as set forth on Schedule 4(t), none of the officers or directors of the Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the Company’s shareholders, the officers or directors of any shareholder of the Company, or, to the knowledge of the Company, any family member or affiliate of any of the foregoing, has either directly or indirectly any interest in, or is a party to, any transaction that is required to be disclosed as a related party transaction pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act.

(u)Application of Takeover Protections; Rights Agreement. The Company and its Board of Directors have taken or will take prior to the Commencement Date all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) shareholder rights plan or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Certificate of Incorporation or other organizational documents or the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or otherwise which is or could become applicable to the Investor as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including, without limitation, the Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Investor’s ownership of the Securities. The Company and its Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any shareholder rights plan or similar arrangement relating to accumulations of beneficial ownership of Common Shares or a change in control of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

(v)Disclosure. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents that will be timely publicly disclosed by the Company and the disclosures made in the Company’s disclosure schedules attached hereto, the Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided the Investor or its agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the SEC Documents. The Company understands and confirms that the Investor will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting purchases and sales of securities of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Investor regarding the Company, its business and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the disclosure schedules to this Agreement, is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Investor neither makes nor has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3 hereof.

(w)Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries is aware of or has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that would result in a violation by such persons of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “FCPA”), including, without limitation, making use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce corruptly in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay or authorization of the payment of any money, or other property, gift, promise to give, or authorization of the giving of anything of value to any “foreign official” (as such term is defined in the FCPA) or any foreign political party or official thereof or any candidate for foreign political office, in contravention of the FCPA; and the Company, the Subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Company, its affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with the FCPA and have instituted and maintain policies and procedures designed to ensure, and which are reasonably expected to continue to ensure, continued compliance therewith. The operations of the Company and the Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements and the money laundering statutes and the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any applicable governmental agency, including, without limitation, Title 18 U.S. Code Sections 1956 and 1957, the Patriot Act, the Bank Secrecy Act, and international anti-money laundering principles or procedures by an intergovernmental group or organization, such as the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering, of which the United States is a member and with which designation the United States representative to the group or organization continues to concur, all as amended, and any Executive order, directive or regulation pursuant to the authority of any of the foregoing, or any orders or licenses issued thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor to the knowledge of the Company any of the directors, officers or employees, agents, affiliates or representatives of the Company or its Subsidiaries, is an individual or entity that is, or is owned or controlled by an individual or entity that is: (i) the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), nor (ii) located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions (including, without limitation, the Balkans, Belarus, Burma/Myanmar, Cote D’Ivoire, Cuba, Democratic Republic of Congo, Iran, Iraq, Liberia, Libya, North Korea, Sudan, Syria, Venezuela and Zimbabwe). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries will,

directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the transactions contemplated hereby, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other individual or entity: (i) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any individual or entity or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions or (ii) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any individual or entity (including any individual or entity participating in the transactions contemplated hereby, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise). For the past five years, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has knowingly engaged in, and is not now knowingly engaged in, any dealings or transactions with any individual or entity, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions.

(x)DTC Eligibility. The Company, through the Transfer Agent, currently participates in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer (FAST) Program and the Common Shares can be transferred electronically to third parties via the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer (FAST) Program.

(y)Accounting Controls; Sarbanes-Oxley. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, the Company maintains a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (A) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (D) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Except as disclosed on Schedule 4(y), the Company has concluded that its internal control over financial reporting is effective and the Company is not aware of any “significant deficiencies” or “material weaknesses” (each as defined by the rules adopted by the SEC) in its internal control over financial reporting, or any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls; and since the end of the latest audited fiscal year, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Board of Directors has, subject to the exceptions, cure periods and the phase in periods specified in the applicable stock exchange rules of the Principal Market (“Exchange Rules”), validly appointed an audit committee to oversee internal accounting controls whose composition satisfies the applicable independence and other requirements of the Exchange Rules and the rules under the Exchange Act, and the Board of Directors has adopted a charter for the audit committee that satisfies the requirements of the Exchange Rules and the rules under the Exchange Act. No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, shareholders, customers or suppliers of the Company, on the other hand, which is required to be described in the Registration Statement that is not so described. The Company has not, directly or indirectly, extended or maintained credit, or arranged for the extension of credit, or renewed an extension of credit, in the form of a personal loan to or for any of its directors or executive officers in violation of Applicable Laws, including Section 402 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith. The Company and each Subsidiary is in compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder.

(z)No General Solicitation; Placement Agent’s Fees. Except as disclosed on Schedule 4(z), neither the Company, nor any of its Subsidiaries or affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf, has engaged in any form of general solicitation or general advertising (within the meaning of Regulation D) in connection with the offer or sale of the

Securities. Except as disclosed on Schedule 4(y), the Company shall be responsible for the payment of any placement agent’s fees, financial advisory fees, or brokers’ commissions (other than for Persons engaged by Investor or its investment advisor) relating to or arising out of the transactions contemplated hereby. Except as disclosed on Schedule 4(z), the Company shall pay, and hold Investor harmless against, any liability, loss or expense (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees and out-of-pocket expenses) arising in connection with any such claim. Except as disclosed on Schedule 4(z), neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged any placement agent, broker, finder, or other agent in connection with the offer or sale of the Securities.

(aa)Off Balance Sheet Arrangements. There is no transaction, arrangement, or other relationship between the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and an unconsolidated or other off balance sheet entity that is required to be disclosed by the Company in its Exchange Act filings and is not so disclosed or that otherwise could be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(bb)Investment Company Status. The Company is not, and upon consummation of the sale of the Securities will not be, an “investment company,” an affiliate of an “investment company,” a company controlled by an “investment company” or an “affiliated person” of, or “promoter” or “principal underwriter” for, an “investment company” as such terms are defined in the United States Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(cc)Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Shares are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Shares pursuant to the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the SEC is currently contemplating terminating such registration. Except as disclosed on Schedule 4(cc), the Company has not, in the twelve (12) months preceding the date hereof, received any notice from any Person to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of the Principal Market. Except as disclosed on Schedule 4(cc), the Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements.

(dd)Accountants; No Disagreements. The Company’s accountants are set forth in the SEC Documents and, to the knowledge of the Company, such accountants are an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act. There are no material disagreements of any kind presently existing, or reasonably anticipated by the Company to arise, between the Company and the accountants and lawyers formerly or presently employed by the Company and the Company is current with respect to any fees owed to its accountants and lawyers which could affect the Company’s ability to perform any of its obligations under any of the Transaction Documents. In addition, on or prior to the date hereof, the Company has had discussions with its accountants about its financial statements previously filed with the SEC. Based on those discussions, the Company has no reason to believe that it will need to restate any such financial statements or any part thereof.

(ee)No Market Manipulation. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has, and, to the knowledge of the Company, no Person acting on their behalf has, directly or indirectly, (i) taken any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities, (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (iv) paid or agreed to pay any Person for research services with respect to any securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

(ff)U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is, or has ever been, and so long as any of the Securities are held by Investor, shall become, a United States real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897 of the Code, and the Company and each Subsidiary shall so certify upon Investor’s request.

(gg)Registration Eligibility. The Company is eligible to register the Registrable Securities for resale by Investor using Form S-1 promulgated under the Securities Act.

(hh)Bank Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or 25% or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.

(ii)Shell Company Status. The Company is not, and has never been, an issuer identified in, or subject to, Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act.

(jj)Illegal or Unauthorized Payments; Political Contributions. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the best of the Company’s knowledge (after reasonable inquiry of its officers and directors), any of the officers, directors, employees, agents or other representatives of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any other business entity or enterprise with which the Company or any Subsidiary is or has been affiliated or associated, has, directly or indirectly, made or authorized any payment, contribution or gift of money, property, or services, whether or not in contravention of applicable law, (i) as a kickback or bribe to any Person or (ii) to any political organization, or the holder of or any aspirant to any elective or appointive public office except for personal political contributions not involving the direct or indirect use of funds of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

(kk)Benefit Plans. Each benefit and compensation plan, agreement, policy and arrangement that is maintained, administered or contributed to by the Company or any Subsidiary for current or former employees or directors of, or independent contractors with respect to, the Company has been maintained in compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, and the Company has complied in all material respects with all applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations in regard to such plans, agreements, policies and arrangements. Each stock option granted under any equity incentive plan of the Company (each, a “Stock Plan”) was granted with a per share exercise price no less than the market price per common share on the grant date of such option in accordance with the rules of the Principal Market, and no such grant involved any “back-dating,” “forward-dating” or similar practice with respect to the effective date of such grant; each such option (i) was granted in compliance in all material respects with Applicable Laws and with the applicable Stock Plan(s), (ii) was duly approved by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof, and (iii) has been properly accounted for in the Company’s Financial Statements and disclosed, to the extent required, in the Company’s filings or submissions with the SEC, and the Principal Market. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no policy or practice of the Company to knowingly grant, share options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of share options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.

(ll)Regulatory. During the 12-month period immediately preceding the date hereof, except as described on Schedule 4(ll), the Company and each of its Subsidiaries: (A) is and at all

times has been in material compliance with all applicable U.S. and foreign statutes, rules, regulations, or guidance applicable to Company and its Subsidiaries (“Applicable Laws”); (B) have not received any notice of adverse finding, warning letter, untitled letter or other correspondence or notice from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any nation, state, province, region, county, prefecture, city, town, township, village, district, or other political jurisdiction of any nature, federal, state, local, municipal, foreign, or other government, governmental or quasi-governmental authority of any nature (including any governmental agency, branch, department, official, or entity and any court or other tribunal), multi-national organization or body; or body exercising, or entitled to exercise, any administrative, executive, judicial, legislative, police, regulatory, or taxing authority or power of any nature or instrumentality of any of the foregoing, including any entity or enterprise owned or controlled by a government or a public international organization or any of the foregoing (“Governmental Entity”) alleging or asserting noncompliance with any Applicable Laws or any licenses, certificates, approvals, clearances, authorizations, permits and supplements or amendments thereto required by any such Applicable Laws (“Authorizations”); (C) possess all material Authorizations and such material Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect and are not in violation of any term of any such material Authorizations; (D) have not received notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any Governmental Entity or third party alleging that any product, operation or activity is in violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and have no knowledge that any such Governmental Entity or third party is considering any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action, suit, investigation or proceeding; (E) have not received notice that any Governmental Entity has taken, is taking or intends to take action to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any Authorizations and the Company has no knowledge that any such Governmental Entity is considering such action; and (F) have filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all material reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Applicable Laws or material Authorizations and that all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were complete and correct in all material respects on the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission), except, in each of clauses (A) through (F) above, for such matters as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(mm)No Disqualification Events. None of the Company, any of its predecessors, any affiliated issuer, any director, executive officer, other officer of the Company participating in the transactions contemplated hereby, any beneficial owner of 20% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting equity securities, calculated on the basis of voting power, nor any promoter (as that term is defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) connected with the Company in any capacity at the time of sale (each, an “Issuer Covered Person”) is subject to any of the “Bad Actor” disqualifications described in Rule 506(d)(1)(i) to (viii) under the Securities Act (a “Disqualification Event”), except for a Disqualification Event covered by Rule 506(d)(2) or (d)(3) under the Securities Act. The Company has exercised reasonable care to determine whether any Issuer Covered Person is subject to a Disqualification Event.

(nn)Other Covered Persons. Except as set forth on Schedule 4(nn), the Company is not aware of any Person that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of Investor or potential purchasers in connection with the sale of any Regulation D Securities.

(oo)Absence of Schedules. In the event that on the Commencement Date, the Company does not deliver any disclosure schedule contemplated by this Agreement, the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that each such undelivered disclosure schedule shall be deemed to read as follows: “Nothing to Disclose”.

(pp)No Undisclosed Events, Liabilities, Developments, or Circumstances. No event, liability, development or circumstance has occurred or exists, or is reasonably expected to exist or occur with respect to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective businesses, properties, liabilities, prospects, operations (including results thereof) or condition (financial or otherwise), that (i) would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws on a registration statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC relating to an issuance and sale by the Company of its Common Shares and which has not been publicly announced or (ii) could have a Material Adverse Effect.

(qq)Money Laundering. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with, and have not previously violated, the USA Patriot Act of 2001 and all other applicable U.S. and non-U.S. anti-money laundering laws and regulations, including, without limitation, the laws, regulations and Executive Orders and sanctions programs administered by the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control, including, but not limited, to (i) Executive Order 13224 of September 23, 2001 entitled, “Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons Who Commit, Threaten to Commit, or Support Terrorism” (66 Fed. Reg. 49079 (2001)); and (ii) any regulations contained in 31 CFR, Subtitle B, Chapter V.

(rr)Management. Except as set forth in Schedule 4(rr) hereto, during the past five year period, no current officer or director or, to the knowledge of the Company, no former officer or director or current 10% or greater equity holder of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has been the subject of:

(iv)acting as a futures commission merchant, introducing broker, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, floor broker, leverage transaction merchant, any other Person regulated by the United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission or an associated Person of any of the foregoing, or as an investment adviser, underwriter, broker or dealer in securities, or as an affiliated Person, director or employee of any investment company, bank, savings and loan association or insurance company, or engaging in or continuing any conduct or practice in connection with such activity;

(v)engaging in any particular type of business practice; or

(vi)engaging in any activity in connection with the purchase or sale of any security or commodity or in connection with any violation of securities laws or commodities laws;

(vii)any order, judgment or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any authority barring, suspending or otherwise limiting for more than sixty

(60) days the right of any such Person to engage in any activity described in the preceding sub paragraph, or to be associated with Persons engaged in any such activity;

(viii)a finding by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the SEC or other authority to have violated any securities law, regulation or decree and the judgment in such civil action or finding by the SEC or any other authority has not been subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated; or

(ix)a finding by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated any federal commodities law, and the judgment in such civil action or finding has not been subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated.

(ss)No Additional Agreements. The Company does not have any agreement or understanding with Investor with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents other than as specified in the Transaction Documents.

(tt)Public Utility Holding Act. None of the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a “holding company,” or an “affiliate” of a “holding company,” as such terms are defined in the Public Utility Holding Act of 2005.

(uu)Federal Power Act. None of the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to regulation as a “public utility” under the Federal Power Act, as amended.

(vv)Disclosure. The Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided Investor or Investor’s agents or counsel with any information that constitutes or could reasonably be expected to constitute material, non-public information concerning the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, other than the existence of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and the disclosures contained in the Company’s disclosure schedules to this Agreement. The Company understands and confirms that Investor will rely on the foregoing representations in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. All disclosure provided to Investor in the Transaction Documents regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including the disclosures schedules to this Agreement, furnished by or on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. All of the written information furnished after the date hereof by or on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to Investor pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, taken as a whole, will be true and correct in all material respects as of the date on which such information is so provided and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. No event or circumstance has occurred or information exists with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or its or their business, properties, liabilities, prospects, operations (including results thereof) or conditions (financial or otherwise), which, under applicable law, rule or regulation, requires public disclosure at or before the date hereof or announcement by the Company but which has not been so publicly disclosed. All financial projections and forecasts that have been prepared by or on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and made available to Investor have been prepared in good faith based upon reasonable assumptions and represented, at the time each such financial projection or forecast was delivered to Investor, the Company’s best estimate of future financial performance (it being recognized that such financial projections or forecasts are not to be viewed as facts and that the actual results during the period or periods covered by any such financial projections or forecasts

may differ from the projected or forecasted results). The Company acknowledges and agrees that Investor has not made and is not making any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.

5.COVENANTS.

(a)Filing of Current Report and Registration Statement. The Company agrees that it shall, within the time required under the Exchange Act, file with the SEC a report on Form 8-K relating to the transactions contemplated by, and describing the material terms and conditions of, the Transaction Documents (the “Current Report”). The Company shall also file with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) covering the resale of no less than 27,000,000 Common Shares in accordance with the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement. The Company shall permit the Investor to review and comment upon a pre-filing draft version of the Current Report at least two (2) Business Days prior to its filing with the SEC, and the Company shall not file the Current Report or the Registration Statement with the SEC in a form to which the Investor reasonably objects. The Investor shall use its reasonable best efforts to comment upon a pre-filing draft version of the Current Report within one (1) Business Day from the date the Investor receives it from the Company.

(b)Blue Sky. The Company shall take all such action, if any, as is reasonably necessary in order to obtain an exemption for or to register or qualify (i) the issuance of the Commitment Shares, Additional Commitment Shares, Filing Default Shares and Effectiveness Default Shares and the sale of the Purchase Shares to the Investor under this Agreement and (ii) any subsequent resale of all Commitment Shares, Additional Commitment Shares and all Purchase Shares by the Investor, in each case, under applicable securities or “Blue Sky” laws of the states of the United States in such states as is reasonably requested by the Investor from time to time, and shall provide evidence of any such action so taken to the Investor.

(c)Listing/DTC. The Company shall promptly secure the listing of all of the Common Shares representing the Purchase Shares, Commitment Shares, Additional Commitment Shares, Filing Default Shares and Effectiveness Default Shares to be issued to the Investor hereunder on the Principal Market (subject to official notice of issuance) and upon each other national securities exchange or automated quotation system, if any, upon which the Common Shares are then listed, and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain, so long as any Common Shares shall be so listed, such listing of all such Securities from time to time issuable hereunder. The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the listing of the Common Shares on the Principal Market and shall comply in all respects with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the rules and regulations of the Principal Market. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries shall take any action that would reasonably be expected to result in the delisting or suspension of the Common Shares on the Principal Market. The Company shall promptly, and in no event later than the following Business Day, provide to the Investor copies of any notices it receives from any Person regarding the continued eligibility of the Common Shares for listing on the Principal Market; provided, however, that the Company shall not provide the Investor copies of any such notice that the Company reasonably believes constitutes material non-public information, and the Company would not be required to publicly disclose such notice in any report or statement filed with the SEC under the Exchange Act (including on Form 8-K) or the Securities Act. The Company shall pay all fees and expenses in connection with satisfying its obligations under this Section 5(c). The Company shall take all action necessary to ensure that its Common Shares can be transferred electronically as DWAC Shares.

(d)Prohibition of Short Sales and Hedging Transactions. The Investor agrees that beginning on the date of this Agreement and ending on the date of termination of this Agreement as provided in Section 11, the Investor and its agents, representatives and affiliates shall not in

any manner whatsoever enter into or effect, directly or indirectly, any (i) “short sale” (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of the Common Shares (excluding transactions properly marked “short exempt”) or (ii) hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to the Common Shares.

(e)Issuance of Commitment Shares. In connection with each Regular Purchase hereunder, the Company shall cause the Transfer Agent to issue to the Investor a number of Common Shares (the “Commitment Shares”) equal to the product of (x) the number of Settlement Regular Purchase Shares issuable to Investor in accordance with Section 2 herein and (y) 2.5%. The Commitment Shares shall be issued to the Investor on the Regular Purchase Settlement Date.

(f)Due Diligence; Non-Public Information. The Investor shall have the right, from time to time as the Investor may reasonably deem appropriate, to perform reasonable due diligence on the Company during normal business hours upon five (5) Business Days’ prior written notice. The Company and its officers and employees shall provide information and reasonably cooperate with the Investor in connection with any reasonable request by the Investor related to the Investor’s due diligence of the Company. Each party hereto agrees not to disclose any Confidential Information of the other party to any third party and shall not use the Confidential Information of such other party for any purpose other than in connection with, or in furtherance of, the transactions contemplated hereby in full compliance with applicable securities laws; provided, however that a party may disclose Confidential Information that is required by law to be disclosed by the receiving party, provided that the receiving party gives the disclosing party prompt written notice of such requirement prior to such disclosure and assistance in obtaining an order protecting the information from public disclosure. Each party hereto acknowledges that the Confidential Information shall remain the property of the disclosing party and agrees that it shall take all reasonable measures to protect the secrecy of any Confidential Information disclosed by the other party. The Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf shall provide the Investor or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes material, non-public information, unless a simultaneous public announcement thereof is made by the Company in the manner contemplated by Regulation FD under the Exchange Act. In the event of a breach of the foregoing covenant by the Company or any Person acting on its behalf (as determined in the reasonable good faith judgment of the Investor), in addition to any other remedy provided herein or in the other Transaction Documents, the Investor shall have the right to make a public disclosure, in the form of a press release, public advertisement or otherwise, of such material, non-public information without the prior approval by the Company; provided the Investor shall have first provided notice to the Company that it believes it has received information that constitutes material, non-public information, the Company shall have at least twenty-four (24) hours to publicly disclose such material, non-public information prior to any such disclosure by the Investor, and the Company shall have failed to publicly disclose such material, non-public information within such time period. The Investor shall not have any liability to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective directors, officers, employees, shareholders or agents, for any such disclosure. The Company understands and confirms that the Investor shall be relying on the foregoing covenants in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.

(g)Purchase Records. The Investor and the Company shall each maintain records showing the remaining Available Amount at any given time and the dates and Purchase Amounts for each Regular Purchase or shall use such other method, reasonably satisfactory to the Investor and the Company.

(h)Taxes and Fees. The Company shall pay any and all transfer, stamp or similar taxes and fees that may be payable with respect to the issuance and delivery of any Common Shares to the Investor made under this Agreement.

(i)Aggregation. From and after the date of this Agreement, neither the Company, nor any of its affiliates will, and the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to ensure that no Person acting on their behalf will, directly or indirectly, make any offers or sales of any security or solicit any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities by the Company to the Investor to be aggregated with other offerings by the Company in a manner that would require shareholder approval pursuant to the rules of the Principal Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated, unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction in accordance with the rules of such Principal Market.

(j)Use of Proceeds. The Company will use the net proceeds from the offering for any corporate purpose at the sole discretion of the Company.

(k)Other Transactions. The Company shall not enter into, announce or recommend to its shareholders any agreement, plan, arrangement or transaction in or of which the terms thereof would restrict, materially delay, conflict with or impair the ability or right of the Company to perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, the obligation of the Company to deliver the Securities to the Investor in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents.

(l)Integration. From and after the date of this Agreement, neither the Company, nor or any of its affiliates will, and the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to ensure that no Person acting on their behalf will, directly or indirectly, make any offers or sales of any security or solicit any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would require registration of the offer and sale of any of the Securities under the Securities Act.

(m)Limitation on Variable Rate Transactions. From the date hereof until the earlier of (i) the date of termination of this Agreement or (ii) the Maturity Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to affect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Shares or Common Share Equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction, other than in connection with an Exempt Issuance. The Investor shall be entitled to seek injunctive relief against the Company and its Subsidiaries to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required. “Common Share Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or its Subsidiaries which entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Shares, including, without limitation, Common Shares, any debt, preferred shares, rights, options, warrants or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Shares. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any equity or debt securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive additional Common Shares or Common Share Equivalents either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price, exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the Common Shares at any time after the initial issuance of such equity or debt securities (including, without limitation, pursuant to any “cashless exercise” provision), or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such equity or debt security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Shares (including, without limitation, any “full ratchet” or “weighted average” anti-dilution provisions, but not including any standard anti-dilution protection for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, share split, reverse share split or other similar transaction), (ii) issues or sells any equity or debt securities, including without limitation, Common Shares or Common Share Equivalents, either (A) at a price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the

occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Shares (other than standard anti-dilution protection for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, share split, reverse share split or other similar transaction), or (B) that is subject to or contains any put, call, redemption, buy-back, price-reset or other similar provision or mechanism (including, without limitation, a “Black-Scholes” put or call right) that provides for the issuance of additional equity securities of the Company or the payment of cash by the Company, or (iii) enters into any agreement, including, but not limited to, an “equity line”, “at-the-market offering” that is not an Exempt Issuance or other continuous offering or similar offering of Common Shares or Common Share Equivalents, whereby the Company may sell Common Shares or Common Share Equivalents at a future determined price. “Exempt Issuance” means the issuance of (a) Common Shares, options, restricted stock units or other equity incentive awards to employees, officers, directors or vendors of the Company pursuant to any equity incentive plan duly adopted for such purpose, by the Board of Directors of the Company or a majority of the members of a committee of directors established for such purpose, (b) any Securities issued to the Investor pursuant to this Agreement, (c) Common Shares, Common Shares Equivalents or other securities issued to the Investor pursuant to any other existing or future contract, agreement or arrangement between the Company and the Investor, (d) Common Shares, Common Share Equivalents or other securities upon the exercise, exchange or conversion of any Common Shares, Common Share Equivalents or other securities held by the Investor at any time, (e) any securities issued upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Common Share Equivalents issued and outstanding on the date hereof, provided that such securities or Common Share Equivalents referred to in this clause (e) have not been amended since the date hereof to increase the number of such securities or Common Shares underlying such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities, (f) Common Share Equivalents that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive Common Shares at a conversion price, exercise price, exchange rate or other price (which may be below the then current market price of the Common Shares) that is fixed at the time of initial issuance of such Common Share Equivalents (subject only to standard anti-dilution protection for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, share split, reverse share split or other similar transaction), which fixed conversion price, exercise price, exchange rate or other price shall not at any time after the initial issuance of such Common Share Equivalent be based upon or varying with the trading prices of or quotations for the Common Shares or subject to being reset at some future date, (g) any Common Shares or Convertible Securities by reason of a dividend, stock split, split-up or other distribution on Common Shares, and (h) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions, divestitures, licenses, partnerships, collaborations or strategic transactions approved by the Board of Directors of the Company or a majority of the members of a committee of directors established for such purpose, which acquisitions, divestitures, licenses, partnerships, collaborations or strategic transactions can have a Variable Rate Transaction component, provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equity holders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities.

6.IRREVOCABLE TRANSFER AGENT INSTRUCTIONS; FAILURE TO TIMELY DELIVER.

(a)Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions. On the Commencement Date, the Company shall issue to the Transfer Agent (and any subsequent transfer agent) irrevocable instructions, in the form mutually agreed by the parties and substantially similar to those used by investors in substantially similar transactions, to issue the Purchase Shares, the Commitment Shares and Additional Commitment Shares in accordance with the terms of this Agreement (the

“Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions”). All Securities to be issued to or for the benefit of the Investor pursuant to this Agreement shall be issued as DWAC Shares. The Company warrants to the Investor that no instruction other than the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions referred to in this Section 6 will be given by the Company to the Transfer Agent with respect to the Securities, and the Securities shall otherwise be freely transferable on the books and records of the Company. The Company represents and warrants to the Investor that, from and after Commencement, and the Commitment Shares, Additional Commitment Shares and the Purchase Shares covered by the Registration Statement shall otherwise be freely transferable on the books and records of the Company.

(b)Failure to Timely Deliver. If the Company fails, for any reason or for no reason, to issue and deliver (or cause to be delivered) to Investor (or its designee) by each Required Delivery Date hereunder, either (I) if the Transfer Agent is not participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, a certificate for the number of Common Shares to which Investor is entitled and register such Common Shares on the Company’s share register or, if the Transfer Agent is participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, to credit the balance account of Investor or Investor’s designee with DTC for such number of Common Shares submitted for legend removal by Investor pursuant to Section 5(d) above or (II) if the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Conversion Shares submitted for legend removal by Investor (the “Unavailable Shares”) is not available for the resale of such Unavailable Shares and the Company fails to promptly, but in no event later than as required pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement (x) so notify Investor and (y) deliver the Common Shares electronically without any restrictive legend by crediting such aggregate number of Common Shares submitted for legend removal by Investor to Investor’s or its designee’s balance account with DTC through its Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian system (the event described in the immediately foregoing clause (II) is hereinafter referred as a “Notice Failure” and together with the event described in clause (I) above, a “Delivery Failure”), then, in addition to all other remedies available to Investor, the Company shall pay in cash to Investor on each day after the Required Delivery Date and during such Delivery Failure an amount equal to 2% of the product of (A) the aggregate number of Common Shares not issued to Investor on or prior to the Required Delivery Date and to which Investor is entitled, multiplied by (B) the highest trading price of the applicable Common Shares for the period between the Required Delivery Date and the actual date the shares are delivered. In addition to the foregoing, if on or prior to the Required Delivery Date either (I) if the Transfer Agent is not participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, the Company shall fail to issue and deliver a certificate to Investor and register such Common Shares on the Company’s share register or, if the Transfer Agent is participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, credit the balance account of Investor or Investor’s designee with DTC for the number of Common Shares to which Investor submitted for legend removal by Investor pursuant to clause (ii) below or otherwise or (II) a Notice Failure occurs, and if on or after such Trading Day Investor purchases (in an open market transaction or otherwise) Common Shares to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by Investor of Common Shares submitted for legend removal by Investor that Investor is entitled to receive from the Company (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall, within two (2) Business Days after Investor’s request and in Investor’s discretion, either (i) pay cash to Investor in an amount equal to Investor’s total purchase price (including reasonable brokerage commissions, borrow fees and other out-of-pocket expenses, if any, for the Common Shares so purchased) (the “Buy-In Price”), at which point the Company’s obligation to so deliver such certificate or credit Investor’s balance account shall terminate and such shares shall be cancelled, or (ii) promptly honor its obligation to so deliver to Investor a certificate or certificates or credit the balance account of Investor or Investor’s designee with DTC representing such number of Common Shares that would have been so delivered if the Company timely complied with its obligations hereunder and pay cash to Investor in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of the Buy-In Price over the product of (A) such number of Common Shares that the Company was required to deliver to Investor by the Required Delivery Date multiplied by (B) the price at which Investor sold such

Common Shares in anticipation of the Company’s timely compliance with its delivery obligations hereunder. Nothing shall limit Investor’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity, including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver certificates representing Common Shares (or to electronically deliver such Common Shares) as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

7.CONDITIONS TO THE COMPANY’S RIGHT TO COMMENCE SALES OF COMMON SHARES.

The right of the Company hereunder to commence sales of the Purchase Shares on the Commencement Date is subject to the satisfaction of each of the following conditions:

(a)The Investor shall have executed each of the Transaction Documents and delivered the same to the Company;

(b)The Registration Statement covering the resale of the Common Shares representing Commitment Shares, Additional Commitment Shares and Purchase Shares shall have been declared effective under the Securities Act by the SEC and no stop order with respect to the Registration Statement shall be pending or threatened by the SEC;

(c)All Securities to be issued by the Company to the Investor under the Transaction Documents shall have been approved for listing on the Principal Market in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the Principal Market, subject only to official notice of issuance;

(d)The representations and warranties of the Investor shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date hereof and as of the Commencement Date as though made at that time.

8.CONDITIONS TO THE INVESTOR’S OBLIGATION TO PURCHASE COMMON SHARES.

The obligation of the Investor to buy Purchase Shares under this Agreement is subject to the satisfaction of each of the following conditions on or prior to the Commencement Date and, once such conditions have been initially satisfied, there shall not be any ongoing obligation to satisfy such conditions after the Commencement has occurred:

(a)The Company shall have executed each of the Transaction Documents and delivered the same to the Investor;

(b)The Common Shares shall be listed or quoted on the Principal Market, trading in the Common Shares shall not have been within the last 180 days suspended by the SEC or the Principal Market, and all Common Shares representing Securities to be issued by the Company to the Investor pursuant to this Agreement shall have been approved for listing or quotation on the Principal Market in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the Principal Market, subject only to official notice of issuance;

(c)The Investor shall have received an opinion letter of Olshan Frome Wolosky LLP, the Company’s U.S. legal counsel, dated as of the Commencement Date, in form and substance which are customary for deals of this nature and satisfactory to counsel for the Investor and previously agreed upon by the Investor and such counsel;

(d)The representations and warranties of the Company shall be true and correct in all material respects (except to the extent that any of such representations and warranties is already qualified as to materiality in Section 4 above, in which case, such representations and warranties shall be true and correct without further qualification) as of the date hereof and as of the Commencement Date as though made at that time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date, which shall be true and correct as of such date) and the Company shall have performed, satisfied and complied with the covenants, agreements and conditions required by the Transaction Documents to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company at or prior to the Commencement Date. The Investor shall have received a certificate, executed by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, dated as of the Commencement Date, to the foregoing effect in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A;

(e)As of the Commencement Date, the Company shall have reserved 27,000,000 Common Shares out of its authorized and unissued Common Shares, solely for the purpose of effecting purchases of Purchase Shares hereunder, the issuance of Commitment Shares hereunder (including the issuance of Additional Commitment Shares hereunder) and the issuance of the Filing Default Shares and Effectiveness Default Shares under the Registration Rights Agreement;

(f)The Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions shall have been delivered to and acknowledged in writing by the Company and the Company’s Transfer Agent (or any successor transfer agent);

(g)The Company shall have delivered to the Investor (i) a certificate evidencing the good standing of the Company in the State of Delaware issued by the Secretary of Delaware and (ii) a certificate or its equivalent evidencing the good standing of the Company as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction where the Company is duly qualified to conduct business, in each case, as of a date within ten (10) Business Days of the Commencement Date;

(h)The Company shall have delivered to the Investor a certified copy of the Certificate of Incorporation as certified by the Secretary of State of Delaware within ten (10) Business Days of the Commencement Date;

(i)The Company shall have delivered to the Investor a certificate executed by a director of the Company, dated as of the Commencement Date, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B;

(j)The Registration Statement covering the resale of the Common Shares representing Commitment Shares, Additional Commitment Shares, and Purchase Shares shall have been declared effective under the Securities Act by the SEC and no stop order with respect to the Registration Statement shall be pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened by the SEC. The Company shall have prepared and filed with the SEC, not later than two (2) Business Days after the effective date of the Registration Statement, a final and complete prospectus (the preliminary form of which shall be included in the Registration Statement) and shall have delivered to the Investor a true and complete copy thereof. Such prospectus shall be current and available for the resale by the Investor of all of the Common Shares representing Securities covered thereby;

(k)No Event of Default has occurred, or any event which, after notice and/or lapse of time, would become an Event of Default has occurred;

(l)All foreign, federal, state and local governmental laws, rules and regulations applicable to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and necessary for the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby in accordance with the terms thereof shall have been complied

with, and all consents, Authorizations and orders of, and all filings and registrations with, all federal, state and local courts or governmental agencies and all federal, state and local regulatory or self-regulatory agencies necessary for the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby in accordance with the terms thereof shall have been obtained or made, including, without limitation, in each case those required under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, applicable state securities or “Blue Sky” laws or applicable rules and regulations of the Principal Market, or otherwise required by the SEC, the Principal Market or any state securities regulators;

(m)No statute, regulation, order, decree, writ, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated, threatened or endorsed by any federal, state, local or foreign court or Governmental Entity of competent jurisdiction which prohibits the consummation of or which would materially modify or delay any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents;

(n)No action, suit or proceeding before any federal, state, local or foreign arbitrator or any court or Governmental Entity of competent jurisdiction shall have been commenced or threatened, and no inquiry or investigation by any federal, state, local or foreign Governmental Entity of competent jurisdiction shall have been commenced or threatened, against the Company, or any of the officers, directors or affiliates of the Company, seeking to restrain, prevent or change the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, or seeking material damages in connection with such transactions;

(o)Common Shares in the aggregate amount of at least $13,900,000 shall have traded cumulatively on the Principal Market following the date hereof;

(p)The Debenture shall have been fully converted into Common Shares or shall otherwise have been fully paid and settled in all respects in accordance with the terms of the Debenture; and

(q)The Company shall have provided the Investor with the information requested by the Investor in connection with its due diligence requests in accordance with the terms of Section 5(f) hereof.

9.INDEMNIFICATION.

In consideration of the Investor’s execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and acquiring the Securities hereunder and in addition to all of the Company’s other obligations under the Transaction Documents, the Company shall defend, protect, indemnify and hold harmless the Investor and all of its affiliates, shareholders, officers, directors, members, managers, employees and direct or indirect investors and any of the foregoing Person’s agents or other representatives (including, without limitation, those retained in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) (collectively, the “Indemnitees”) from and against any and all actions, causes of action, suits, claims, losses, costs, penalties, fees, liabilities and damages, and expenses in connection therewith (irrespective of whether any such Indemnitee is a party to the action for which indemnification hereunder is sought), and including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements (the “Indemnified Liabilities”), incurred by any Indemnitee as a result of, or arising out of or relating to: (a) any misrepresentation or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Company in the Transaction Documents or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, (b) any breach of any covenant, agreement or obligation of the Company contained in the Transaction Documents or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, (c) any cause of action, suit or claim brought or made against such Indemnitee and arising out of or resulting from the execution, delivery, performance or enforcement of the Transaction Documents or any other

certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, (d) any violation of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, state securities or “Blue Sky” laws, or the rules and regulations of the Principal Market in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, affiliates, officers, directors or employees, (e) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained, or incorporated by reference, in the Registration Statement or any amendment thereto or any omission or alleged omission to state therein, or in any document incorporated by reference therein, a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or (f) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained, or incorporated by reference, in the Registration Statement, or any omission or alleged omission to state therein, or in any document incorporated by reference therein, a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that (I) the indemnity contained in clause (c) of this Section 9 shall not apply to any Indemnified Liabilities which directly and primarily result from the fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct of an Indemnitee, (II) the indemnity contained in clauses (d), (e) and (f) of this Section 9 shall not apply to any Indemnified Liabilities to the extent, but only to the extent, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by or on behalf of the Investor expressly for use in any Registration Statement and (III) the indemnity in this Section 9 shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. To the extent that the foregoing undertaking by the Company may be unenforceable for any reason, the Company shall make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified Liabilities which is permissible under applicable law, provided that no seller of Securities guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any seller of Securities who was not guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation. Payment under this indemnification shall be made within thirty (30) days from the date the Indemnitee makes written request for it. A certificate containing reasonable detail as to the amount of such indemnification submitted to the Company by the Indemnitee shall be conclusive evidence, absent manifest error, of the amount due from the Company to the Indemnitee. If any action shall be brought against any Indemnitee with respect to which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Indemnitee shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Indemnitee. Any Indemnitee shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnitee, except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of such separate counsel, a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Indemnitee, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel.

10.EVENTS OF DEFAULT.

An “Event of Default” shall be deemed to have occurred at any time as any of the following events occurs:

(a)the effectiveness of a registration statement registering the resale of the Common Shares representing Securities lapses for any reason (including, without limitation, the issuance of a stop order or similar order) or such registration statement (or the prospectus forming a part thereof) is unavailable to the Investor for resale of any or all of the Common Shares representing Securities to be issued to the Investor under the Transaction Documents, and such lapse or

unavailability continues for a period of ten (10) consecutive Business Days or for more than an aggregate of thirty (30) Business Days in any 365-day period, but excluding a lapse or unavailability where (i) the Company terminates a registration statement after the Investor has confirmed in writing that all of the Common Shares representing Securities covered thereby have been resold or (ii) the Company supersedes one registration statement with another registration statement, including (without limitation) by terminating a prior registration statement when it is effectively replaced with a new registration statement covering Common Shares representing Securities (provided in the case of this clause (ii) that all of the Common Shares representing Securities covered by the superseded (or terminated) registration statement that have not theretofore been resold are included in the superseding (or new) registration statement);

(b)the suspension of the Common Shares from trading on the Principal Market for a period of one (1) Business Day, provided that the Company may not direct the Investor to purchase any Common Shares during any such suspension;

(c)[Reserved];

(d)the failure for any reason by Company or the Transfer Agent to deliver, as DWAC Shares, (i) the Pre-settlement Purchase Shares to the Investor within two (2) Trading Days after the Regular Purchase Notice Date, (ii) the Settlement Regular Purchase Shares to the Investor within two (2) Trading Days after the Regular Purchase Measurement Period, or (iii) the Commitment Shares to which Investor is entitled hereunder in connection with a Regular Purchase within two (2) Trading Days after the Regular Purchase Measurement Period;

(e)the Company breaches any representation or warranty in any material respect, or breaches any covenant or other term or condition under any Transaction Document, and except in the case of a breach of a covenant which is reasonably curable, only if such breach continues for a period of at least three (3) consecutive Business Days;

(f)if any Person commences a proceeding against the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law for so long as such proceeding is not dismissed;

(g)if the Company is at any time insolvent, or, pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law, (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property, or (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors or (v) the Company is generally unable to pay its debts as the same become due;

(h)a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company or any Subsidiary for so long as such order, decree or similar action remains in effect; or

(i)if at any time the Company is not eligible to transfer its Common Shares as DWAC Shares.

In addition to any other rights and remedies under applicable law and this Agreement, so long as an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, or if any event which, after notice and/or lapse of time, would become an Event of Default, has occurred and is continuing, the Company shall not deliver to the Investor any Regular Purchase Notice. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the foregoing sentence shall not be deemed to apply to any notice from Nasdaq previously received or received in the future regarding the Company’s failure to comply with the

continuing listing standards of The Nasdaq Capital Market, and to the fact of each such failure, unless and unless all compliance and appeal periods for such failure have lapsed or expired.

11.TERMINATION

This Agreement may be terminated only as follows:

(a)If pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law, the Company commences a voluntary case or any Person commences a proceeding against the Company, a Custodian is appointed for the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or the Company makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors any of which is not cured within the applicable cure period (any of which would be an Event of Default as described in Sections 10(f), 10(g) and 10(h) hereof), this Agreement shall automatically terminate without any liability or payment to the Company (except as set forth below) without further action or notice by any Person.

(b)In the event that the Commencement shall not have occurred on or before December 31, 2022, due to the failure to satisfy the conditions set forth in Sections 7 and 8 above with respect to the Commencement, the Company shall have the option to terminate this Agreement at the close of business on such date or thereafter without any liability; provided, however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 11(b) shall not be available to the Company if the Company is then in breach of any covenant or agreement contained in this Agreement or any representation or warranty of the Company contained in this Agreement fails to be true and correct such that the conditions set forth in Section 8(d) could not then be satisfied.

(c)At any time after the Commencement Date, the Company shall have the option to terminate this Agreement for any reason or for no reason by delivering notice (a “Company Termination Notice”) to the Investor electing to terminate this Agreement without any liability whatsoever of any party to any other party under this Agreement (except as set forth below). Upon any termination pursuant to this Section 11(c), if the Company has sold less than $25,000,000 to the Investor hereunder (other than as a result of the Company’s inability to sell Common Shares to the Investor (x) as a result of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, (y) the Company’s failure to obtain shareholder approval to issue Common Shares equivalent to more than 19.99% of its outstanding Common Shares hereunder if such issuance would require shareholder approval under the rules or regulations of the Principal Market, and (z) the Company’s failure to have sufficient shares authorized despite using commercially reasonable efforts to obtain shareholder approval for an amendment to the Company’s certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized Common Shares or effect a reverse stock split), the Company shall pay an additional commitment fee of $500,000 (the “Additional Commitment Fee”), which shall be payable either in cash or in Common Shares at a price equal to 100% of the Closing Price on the date immediately preceding the date of receipt by the Investor of the Company Termination Notice (such shares, the “Additional Commitment Shares”) at the Company’s discretion, within two (2) Trading Days after a Company Termination Note is received by the Investor. The Company Termination Notice shall not be effective until one (1) Business Day after the Additional Commitment Fee has been received by the Investor.

(d)This Agreement shall automatically terminate on the date that the Company sells and the Investor purchases the full Available Amount as provided herein, without any action or notice on the part of any party and without any liability whatsoever of any party to any other party under this Agreement (except as set forth below).

(e)If, for any reason or for no reason, the full Available Amount has not been purchased in accordance with Section 2 of this Agreement by the Maturity Date, this Agreement

shall automatically terminate on the Maturity Date, without any action or notice on the part of any party and without any liability whatsoever of any party to any other party under this Agreement (except as set forth below).

Except as set forth in Sections 11(a) (with respect to an Event of Default under Sections 10(f), 10(g) and 10(h)), 11(d) and 11(e), any termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section 11 shall be effected by written notice from the Company to the Investor setting forth the basis for the termination hereof. The representations and warranties and covenants of the Company and the Investor contained in Sections 3, 4, 5, and 6 hereof, the indemnification provisions set forth in Section 9 hereof and the agreements and covenants set forth in Sections 10, 11 and 12 shall survive the Commencement and any termination of this Agreement. No termination of this Agreement shall (i) affect the Company’s or the Investor’s rights or obligations under (A) this Agreement with respect to pending Regular Purchases and the Company and the Investor shall complete their respective obligations with respect to any pending Regular Purchases under this Agreement and (B) the Registration Rights Agreement, which shall survive any such termination, or (ii) be deemed to release the Company or the Investor from any liability for intentional misrepresentation or willful breach of any of the Transaction Documents.

12.MISCELLANEOUS.

(a)Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Jury Trial. Questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents shall be governed by the internal laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of Delaware or any other jurisdictions) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdictions other than the State of Delaware. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in Delaware, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or under the other Transaction Documents or in connection herewith or therewith, or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof to such party at the address for such notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION HEREWITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

(b)Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more identical counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party; provided that a signature delivered by e-mail in a “.pdf” format data file shall be considered due execution and shall be binding upon the signatory thereto with the same force and effect as if the signature were an original signature.

(c)Headings. The headings of this Agreement are for convenience of reference and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Agreement.

(d)Severability. If any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect the validity or

enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement in that jurisdiction or the validity or enforceability of any provision of this Agreement in any other jurisdiction.

(e)Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents supersede all other prior oral or written agreements between the Investor, the Company, their affiliates and Persons acting on their behalf with respect to the subject matter thereof, and this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents and the instruments referenced herein contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the matters covered herein and therein and, except as specifically set forth herein or therein, neither the Company nor the Investor makes any representation, warranty, covenant or undertaking with respect to such matters. The Company acknowledges and agrees that is has not relied on, in any manner whatsoever, any representations or statements, written or oral, other than as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents.

(f)Notices. Any notices, consents or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i) upon receipt when delivered personally; (ii) upon receipt when sent by email (provided confirmation of transmission is mechanically or electronically generated and kept on file by the sending party); or (iii) one Business Day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses for such communications shall be:

If to the Company:

Remark Holdings, Inc.

800 S. Commerce St.

Las Vegas, NV 89106

Telephone: (702) 701-9514

Attention: Kai-Shing Tao

Email: stao@remarkholdings.com

With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice or service of process):

Olshan Frome Wolosky LLP

1325 Avenue of the Americas

New York, NY 10019

Attention: Robert H. Friedman, Esq.

Email: rfriedman@olshanlaw.com

If to the Investor:

As set forth on Schedule 12(f).

With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice or service of process):

K&L Gates LLP

599 Lexington Avenue

New York, NY 10022-6030

Telephone: (212) 536-4085

Attention: Matthew Ogurick, Esq.

Email: matthew.ogurick@klgates.com

If to the Transfer Agent:

Computershare LLC

150 Royall Street

Canton, MA 02021

Attention: Consuelo Galicia

Email: consuelo.galicia@computershare.com

or at such other address, email address and/or to the attention of such other Person as the recipient party has specified by written notice given to each other party five (5) Business Days prior to the effectiveness of such change. Written confirmation of receipt (A) given by the recipient of such notice, consent or other communication, (B) mechanically or electronically generated by the sender’s email account containing the time, date, and recipient email address, as applicable or (C) provided by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, shall be rebuttable evidence of personal service, or receipt from a nationally recognized overnight delivery service in accordance with clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above, respectively.

(g)Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors and assigns. The Company shall not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Investor, including by merger or consolidation. The Investor may not assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement.

(h)No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and, except as set forth in Section 9, is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person.

(i)Publicity. The Company shall afford the Investor and its counsel with the opportunity to review and comment upon, shall consult with the Investor and its counsel on the form and substance of, and shall give due consideration to all such comments from the Investor or its counsel on, any press release, SEC filing or any other public disclosure by or on behalf of the Company relating to the Investor, its purchases hereunder or any aspect of the Transaction Documents or the transactions contemplated thereby (other than any press release, SEC filing or other public disclosure that contains disclosures substantially similarly to disclosures previously reviewed by the Investor or its counsel), not less than 24 hours prior to the issuance, filing or public disclosure thereof. The Investor must be provided with a final version of any such press release, SEC filing, or other public disclosure at least 24 hours prior to any release, filing, or use by the Company thereof. The Company agrees and acknowledges that its failure to fully comply with this provision constitutes a Material Adverse Effect.

(j)Further Assurances. Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as may be reasonably necessary in order to consummate and make effective, as soon as reasonably possible, the Commencement, and to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

(k)No Financial Advisor, Placement Agent, Broker, or Finder. Except as set forth on Schedule 12(k), the Company represents and warrants to the Investor that it has not engaged any financial advisor, placement agent, broker, or finder in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby. The Investor represents and warrants to the Company that it has not engaged any financial advisor, placement agent, broker, or finder in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby. The Company shall be responsible for the payment of any fees or commissions, if any, of any financial advisor, placement agent, broker, or finder relating to or arising out of the transactions contemplated hereby. The Company shall pay, and hold the

Investor harmless against, any liability, loss or expense (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees and out of pocket expenses) arising in connection with any such claim.

(l)No Strict Construction. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party.

(m)Remedies, Other Obligations, Breaches, and Injunctive Relief. Except as set forth in the Transaction Documents, the parties’ remedies provided in this Agreement, including, without limitation, the Investor’s remedies provided in Section 9, shall be cumulative and in addition to all other remedies available to the parties under this Agreement, at law or in equity (including a decree of specific performance and/or other injunctive relief), no remedy of any party contained herein shall be deemed a waiver of compliance with the provisions giving rise to such remedy and nothing herein shall limit the parties’ right to pursue actual damages for any failure by the Company to comply with the terms of this Agreement. The Company acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to the Investor and that the remedy at law for any such breach may be inadequate. The Company therefore agrees that, in the event of any such breach or threatened breach, the Investor shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies, to an injunction restraining any breach, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required.

(n)Enforcement Costs. If: (i) due to a breach or anticipatory breach of this Agreement by a party hereto, this Agreement is enforced by either party through any legal proceeding; (ii) an attorney is retained to represent a party hereto in any bankruptcy, reorganization, receivership or other proceedings affecting creditors’ rights and involving a claim under this Agreement; or (iii) an attorney is retained to represent a party hereto in any other proceedings whatsoever in connection with this Agreement, then the party that prevails in such proceedings shall be paid by the other party all reasonable costs and expenses including attorneys’ fees incurred in connection therewith, in addition to all other amounts due hereunder.

(o) Amendment and Waiver; Failure or Indulgence Not Waiver. (i) No provision of this Agreement may be amended other than by a written instrument signed by both parties hereto and (ii) no provision of this Agreement may be waived other than in a written instrument signed by the party against whom enforcement of such waiver is sought. No failure or delay in the exercise of any power, right, or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such power, right, or privilege preclude other or further exercise thereof, of any other right, power, or privilege.

** Signature Page Follows **

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Investor and the Company have caused this Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above.


			COMPANY:

			REMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

			By:			/s/ Kai-Shing Tao
			Name:			Kai-Shing Tao
			Title:			Chief Executive Officer

			INVESTOR:

			IONIC VENTURES, LLC

			By:			/s/ Brendan O'Neil
			Name:			Brendan O'Neil
			Title:			Authorized Signatory

SCHEDULES

EXHIBITS

Exhibit A Form of Officer’s Certificate

Exhibit B Form of Director’s Certificate

EXHIBIT A

FORM OF OFFICER’S CERTIFICATE

This Officer’s Certificate (“Certificate”) is being delivered pursuant to Section 8(d) of that certain Purchase Agreement dated as of October 6, 2022, (“Purchase Agreement”), by and between REMARK HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and

(the “Investor”). Terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Purchase Agreement.

The undersigned, , of the Company, hereby certifies on behalf of the Company, solely in his capacity as such and not in his personal capacity, as follows as of the date hereof:

1. I am the of the Company and make the statements contained in this Certificate;

2. The representations and warranties of the Company are true and correct in all material respects (except to the extent that any of such representations and warranties is already qualified as to materiality in Section 4 of the Purchase Agreement, in which case, such representations and warranties are tru and correct without further qualification) as of the date when made and as of the Commencement Date as though made at that time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date, in which case such representations and warranties are true and correct as of such date);

3. The Company has performed, satisfied, and complied with the covenants, agreements and conditions required by the Transaction Documents to be performed, satisfied, or complied with by the Company at or prior to the Commencement Date.

4. The Company has not taken any steps, and does not currently expect to take any steps, to seek protection pursuant to any Bankruptcy Law nor does the Company or any of its Subsidiaries have any knowledge or reason to believe that its creditors intend to initiate involuntary bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunder signed my name on this day of .

Name:

Title: Director

The undersigned as Director or Officer (as applicable) of REMARK HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation, hereby certifies that is a duly elected, appointed, qualified and acting Director of the company and that the signature appearing above is their genuine signature.

[Director/Officer]

EXHIBIT B

FORM OF DIRECTOR’S CERTIFICATE

This Director’s Certificate (“Certificate”) is being delivered pursuant to Section 8(h) of that certain Purchase Agreement dated as of October 6, 2022 (“Purchase Agreement”), by and between Remark Holdings, Inc., a Delaware company (the “Company”) and (the “Investor”), pursuant to which the Company may sell to the Investor up to Fifty Million Dollars ($50,000,000) of Common Shares of the Company, with a par value of $0.001 per share (the “Common Shares”). Terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Purchase Agreement.

The undersigned, ____________, a Director of the Company, hereby certifies on behalf of the Company, solely in his capacity as such and not in his personal capacity, as follows as of the date hereof:

1. I am a Director of the Company and make the statements contained in this Director’s Certificate.

2. Attached hereto as Exhibit A and Exhibit B are true, correct and complete copies of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation (“Charter”), in each case, as amended through the date hereof, and no action has been taken by the Company, its directors, officers or shareholders, in contemplation of the filing of any further amendment relating to or affecting the Charter.

3. Attached hereto as Exhibit C are true, correct, and complete copies of the resolutions duly adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company on , at which a quorum was present and acting throughout. Such resolutions have not been amended, modified or rescinded and remain in full force and effect and such resolutions are the only resolutions adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, or the shareholders of the Company relating to or affecting (i) the entering into and performance of the Purchase Agreement, or the issuance, offering and sale of the Purchase Shares and the Commitment Shares and (ii) and the performance of the Company of its obligation under the Transaction Documents as contemplated therein.

4. As of the date hereof, the authorized, issued and reserved share capital of the Company is as set forth on Exhibit D hereto.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunder signed my name on this day of .

Director

The undersigned as of Remark Holdings, Inc., a Delaware company, hereby certifies that is a duly elected, appointed, qualified and acting Director of the Company, and that the signature appearing above is their genuine signature.

EXECUTION VERSION

REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of October 6, 2022 (the “Signing Date”), by and between Remark Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the undersigned signatory hereto (together with it permitted assigns, the “Buyer”). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings set forth in the Purchase Agreement, dated the date hereof, by and between the Company and the Buyer (the “Share Purchase Agreement”) and the Debenture Purchase Agreement, dated the date hereof, by and between the Company and the Buyer (the “Debenture Purchase Agreement”, and together with the Share Purchase Agreement, the “Purchase Agreements”).

WHEREAS:

The Company has agreed, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Share Purchase Agreement, to sell to the Buyer up to Fifty Million Dollars ($50,000,000) of Purchase Shares, and to induce the Buyer to enter into the Share Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed to provide certain registration rights under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder, or any similar successor statute (collectively, the “Securities Act”), and applicable state securities laws;

The Company has agreed, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Debenture Purchase Agreement, to issue and sell to Buyer the Debenture (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement) which are convertible into Conversion Shares (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement) in accordance with the terms of the Debentures, and to induce the Buyer to enter into the Debenture Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed to provide certain registration rights under the Securities Act, and applicable state securities laws.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and the mutual covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Buyer hereby agree as follows:

1. DEFINITIONS.

As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

a. “Effective Date” means the date that the applicable Registration Statement has been declared effective by the SEC.

b. “Investor” means the Buyer, any transferee or assignee thereof to whom a Buyer assigns its rights under this Agreement in accordance with Section 9 and who agrees to become bound by the provisions of this Agreement, and any transferee or assignee thereof to whom a transferee or assignee assigns its rights under this Agreement in accordance with Section 9 and who agrees to become bound by the provisions of this Agreement.

c. “Person” means any individual or entity including but not limited to any corporation, a limited liability company, an association, a partnership, an organization, a business, an individual, a governmental or political subdivision thereof or a governmental agency.

d. “Register,” “registered,” and “registration” refer to a registration effected by preparing and filing one or more registration statements of the Company in compliance with the Securities Act and pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act or any successor rule providing for offering securities on a continuous basis (“Rule 415”), and the declaration or ordering of effectiveness of such registration statement(s) by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

e. “Registrable Securities” means (i) all of the Commitment Shares, Additional Commitment Shares (if any) and Purchase Shares that may, from time to time, be issued or become issuable to the Investor under the Share Purchase Agreement (without regard to any limitation or restriction on purchases), any Filing Default Shares or Effectiveness Default Shares to which Investor may be entitled under this Agreement, and any and all Common Shares (as defined in the Share Purchase Agreement) issued or issuable with respect to the Purchase Shares, Commitment Shares, Additional Commitment Shares, Filing Default Shares, Effectiveness Default Shares or the Share Purchase Agreement as a result of any share split, share dividend, recapitalization, exchange or similar event or otherwise, without regard to any limitation on purchases under the Share Purchase Agreement and (ii) the Conversion Shares and any Common Shares issued or issuable with respect to the Conversion Shares, including, without limitation, (1) as a result of any share split, share dividend, recapitalization, exchange or similar event or otherwise and (2) any share capital of the Company into which the Common Shares are converted or exchanged, in each case, without regard to any limitations on conversion of the Debentures.

EXECUTION VERSION

f. “Registration Statement” means one or more registration statements of the Company covering only the sale of the Registrable Securities.

2. REGISTRATION.

a. Mandatory Registration. The Company shall, within thirty (30) days of the Signing Date (the “Filing Deadline”), file with the SEC an initial Registration Statement covering the maximum number of Registrable Securities as shall be permitted to be included thereon in accordance with applicable SEC rules, regulations and interpretations so as to permit the resale of such Registrable Securities by the Investor under Rule 415 under the Securities Act at then prevailing market prices (and not fixed prices), as mutually determined by both the Company and the Investor in consultation with their respective legal counsel, subject to the aggregate number of authorized shares then available for issuance in its Certificate of Incorporation. The initial Registration Statement shall register only the Registrable Securities, unless otherwise approved by Investor. The Investor and its counsel shall have a reasonable opportunity to review and comment upon such Registration Statement and any amendment or supplement to such Registration Statement and any related prospectus prior to its filing with the SEC, and the Company shall give due consideration to all such comments. The Investor shall promptly furnish all information reasonably requested by the Company for inclusion therein. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to have the Registration Statement and any amendment declared effective by the SEC no later than the Effectiveness Deadline. The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to keep the Registration Statement effective pursuant to Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act and available for the resale by the Investor of all of the Registrable Securities covered thereby at all times until the date on which the Investor shall have resold all the Registrable Securities covered thereby and no Available Amount remains under the Purchase Agreements (the “Registration Period”). The Registration Statement (including any amendments or supplements thereto and prospectuses contained therein) shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein, or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading.

b. Rule 424 Prospectus. The Company shall, as required by applicable securities regulations, from time to time file with the SEC, pursuant to Rule 424 promulgated under the Securities Act, the prospectus and prospectus supplements, if any, to be used in connection with sales of the Registrable Securities under the Registration Statement. The Investor and its counsel shall have a reasonable opportunity to review and comment upon such prospectus prior to its filing with the SEC, and the Company shall give due consideration to all such comments. The Investor shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to comment upon such prospectus within one (1) Business Day from the date the Investor receives the final pre-filing version of such prospectus. By 8:30 a.m. (New York time) on the Business Day immediately following each Effective Date, the Company shall file with the SEC in accordance with Rule 424(b) under the 1933 Act the final prospectus to be used in connection with sales pursuant to the applicable Registration Statement (whether or not such a prospectus is technically required by such rule).

c. Sufficient Number of Shares Registered. In the event the number of shares available under the Registration Statement is insufficient to cover all of the Registrable Securities, the Company shall amend the Registration Statement or file a new Registration Statement (a “New Registration Statement”), so as to cover all of such Registrable Securities (subject to the limitations set forth in Section 2(a)) as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than fourteen (14) calendar days after the necessity therefor arises, subject to any limits that may be imposed by the SEC pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause such amendment and/or New Registration Statement to become effective as soon as practicable following the filing thereof.

d. Offering. If the staff of the SEC (the “Staff”) or the SEC seeks to characterize any offering pursuant to a Registration Statement filed pursuant to this Agreement as constituting an offering of securities that does not permit such Registration Statement to become effective and be used for resales by the Investor under Rule 415 at then-prevailing market prices (and not fixed prices), or if after the filing of the initial Registration Statement with the SEC pursuant to Section 2(a), the Company is otherwise required by the Staff or the SEC to reduce the number of Registrable Securities included in such initial Registration Statement, then the Company shall reduce the number of Registrable Securities to be included in such initial Registration Statement (with the prior consent of the Investor and its legal counsel as to the specific Registrable Securities to be removed therefrom) until such time as the Staff and the SEC shall so permit such Registration Statement to become effective and be used as aforesaid. In the event of any reduction in Registrable Securities pursuant to this paragraph, the Company shall file one or more New Registration Statements in accordance with Section 2(c) until such time as all Registrable Securities have been included in Registration Statements that have been declared effective and the prospectus contained therein is available for use by the Investor. Notwithstanding any provision herein or in the Purchase Agreements to the contrary, the Company’s obligations to register Registrable Securities (and any related conditions to the Investor’s obligations) shall be qualified as necessary to comport with any requirement of the SEC or the Staff as addressed in this Section 2(d).

EXECUTION VERSION

e. Effect of Failure to File and Obtain and Maintain Effectiveness of any Registration Statement.

(i) If a Registration Statement covering the resale of all of the Registrable Securities required to be covered thereby (disregarding any reduction pursuant to Section 2(d)) and required to be filed by the Company pursuant to this Agreement is not filed with the SEC on or before the Filing Deadline for such Registration Statement (a “Filing Failure”) (it being understood that any delay as the result of the Investor’s failure to promptly furnish all information reasonably requested by the Company for inclusion in such Registration Statement shall not constitute a Filing Failure), then, as partial relief for the damages to Investor by reason of any such delay in its ability to sell the underlying Common Shares (which remedy shall not be exclusive of any other remedies available at law or in equity, including, without limitation, specific performance), (A) the Company shall issue to the Investor 150,000 Common Shares (“Filing Default Shares”), not later than two (2) Trading Days after such Filing Failure and (B) to the extent no Conversion Shares have been registered, the Company shall be obligated to make payments to Investor, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, in an amount equal to 2% of the amount then currently outstanding under the Debenture (including, without limitation, all Principal, Interest and other payments due thereon as such terms are defined in the Debenture) for each 30-day period following the Filing Deadline, or pro rata for any portion thereof following the Filing Deadline, and such payments shall be made to Investor in cash not later than two (2) Trading Days after the end of each 30-day period.

(ii) If a Registration Statement covering the resale of all of the Registrable Securities required to be covered thereby (disregarding any reduction pursuant to Section 2(d)) and required to be filed by the Company pursuant to this Agreement (x) is not declared effective by the SEC on or before the Effectiveness Deadline (as defined below) for such Registration Statement (an “Effectiveness Failure”) (it being understood that any delay as the result of the Investor’s failure to promptly furnish all information reasonably requested by the Company for inclusion in such Registration Statement shall not constitute an Effectiveness Failure), and (y) if on the Business Day immediately following the Effective Date for such Registration Statement the Company shall not have filed a “final” prospectus for such Registration Statement with the SEC under Rule 424 in accordance with Section 2(b) (whether or not such a prospectus is technically required by such rule), then, as partial relief for the damages to Investor by reason of any such delay in its ability to sell the underlying Common Shares (which remedy shall not be exclusive of any other remedies available at law or in equity, including, without limitation, the remedies set forth in Section 2(e)(i) above) the Company shall be deemed to not have satisfied this clause (ii) and such event shall be deemed to be an Effectiveness Failure), then (A) the Company shall promptly issue to the Investor 150,000 Common Shares (“Effectiveness Default Shares”), but not later than two (2) Trading Days after such Effectiveness Failure and (B) to the extent no Conversion Shares have been registered, the Company shall be obligated to make payments to Investor, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, in an amount equal to 2% of the amount then currently outstanding under the Debenture (including, without limitation, all Principal, Interest and other payments due thereon as such terms are defined in the Debenture) for each 30-day period or pro rata for any portion thereof following the Effectiveness Deadline, and such payments shall be made to Investor in cash not later than two (2) Trading Days after the end of each 30-day period. “Effectiveness Deadline” means (i) with respect to the initial Registration Statement required to be filed pursuant to Section 2(a), the earlier of the (A) 90th calendar day following the Signing Date (or, if such Registration Statement is subject to a full review by the SEC, the 120th calendar day after the Signing Date) and (B) 2nd Business Day after the date the Company is notified (orally or in writing, whichever is earlier) by the SEC that such Registration Statement will not be reviewed or will not be subject to further review and (ii) with respect to any additional Registration Statements that may be required to be filed by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, the earlier of the (A) 30th calendar day following the date on which the Company was required to file such additional Registration Statement (or, if such Registration Statement is subject to a full review by the SEC, the 90th calendar day after such required filing date) and (B) 2nd Business Day after the date the Company is notified (orally or in writing, whichever is earlier) by the SEC that such Registration Statement will not be reviewed or will not be subject to further review.

3. RELATED OBLIGATIONS.

With respect to the Registration Statement and whenever any Registrable Securities are to be registered pursuant to Section 2 including on any New Registration Statement, the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to effect the registration of the Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended method of disposition thereof and, pursuant thereto, the Company shall have the following obligations:

a. The Company shall prepare and file with the SEC such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to any registration statement and the prospectus used in connection with such registration statement, which prospectus is to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 promulgated under the Securities Act, as may be necessary to keep the Registration Statement or any New Registration Statement effective at all times during the Registration Period, and, during such period, comply with the provisions of the Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all Registrable Securities of the Company covered by the Registration Statement or any New

EXECUTION VERSION

Registration Statement until such time as all of such Registrable Securities shall have been disposed of in accordance with the intended methods of disposition by the Investor as set forth in such registration statement.

b. The Company shall permit the Investor to review and comment upon the Registration Statement or any New Registration Statement and all amendments and supplements thereto at least two (2) Business Days prior to their filing with the SEC, and not file any document in a form to which Investor reasonably objects. The Investor shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to comment upon the Registration Statement or any New Registration Statement and any amendments or supplements thereto within two (2) Business Days from the date the Investor receives the final version thereof. The Company shall furnish to the Investor, without charge any correspondence from the SEC or the staff of the SEC to the Company or its representatives relating to the Registration Statement or any New Registration Statement.

c. Upon request of the Investor, the Company shall furnish to the Investor, (i) promptly after the same is prepared and filed with the SEC, at least one copy of such registration statement and any amendment(s) thereto, including financial statements and schedules, all documents incorporated therein by reference and all exhibits, (ii) upon the effectiveness of any registration statement, a copy of the prospectus included in such registration statement and all amendments and supplements thereto (or such other number of copies as the Investor may reasonably request) and (iii) such other documents, including copies of any preliminary or final prospectus, as the Investor may reasonably request from time to time in order to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by the Investor. For the avoidance of doubt, any filing available to the Investor via the SEC’s EDGAR system shall be deemed “furnished to the Investor” hereunder.

d. The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to (i) register and qualify, unless an exemption from registration and qualification is available, the Registrable Securities covered by a registration statement under such other securities or “blue sky” laws of such jurisdictions in the United States as the Investor reasonably requests, (ii) prepare and file in those jurisdictions, such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to such registrations and qualifications as may be necessary to maintain the effectiveness thereof during the Registration Period, (iii) take such other actions as may be necessary to maintain such registrations and qualifications in effect at all times during the Registration Period, and (iv) take all other actions reasonably necessary or advisable to qualify the Registrable Securities for sale in such jurisdictions; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith or as a condition thereto to (x) qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section 3(d), (y) subject itself to general taxation in any such jurisdiction, or (z) file a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction. The Company shall promptly notify the Investor who holds Registrable Securities of the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the registration or qualification of any of the Registrable Securities for sale under the securities or “blue sky” laws of any jurisdiction in the United States or its receipt of actual notice of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose.

e. As promptly as reasonably practicable after becoming aware of such event or facts, the Company shall notify the Investor in writing of the happening of any event or existence of such facts as a result of which the prospectus included in any registration statement, as then in effect, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (provided that in no event shall such notice contain any material, non-public information regarding the Company), and, as promptly as reasonably practicable, prepare a supplement or amendment to such registration statement to correct such untrue statement or omission, and deliver a copy of such supplement or amendment to the Investor (or such other number of copies as the Investor may reasonably request). The Company shall also promptly notify the Investor in writing (i) when a prospectus or any prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment has been filed, and when a registration statement or any post-effective amendment has become effective (notification of such effectiveness shall be delivered to the Investor by email on the same day of such effectiveness and by overnight mail), (ii) of any request by the SEC for amendments or supplements to any registration statement or related prospectus or related information, and (iii) of the Company’s reasonable determination that a post-effective amendment to a registration statement would be appropriate.

f. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or other suspension of effectiveness of any registration statement, or the suspension of the qualification of any Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction and, if such an order or suspension is issued, to obtain the withdrawal of such order or suspension at the earliest possible moment and to notify the Investor of the issuance of such order and the resolution thereof or its receipt of actual notice of the initiation or threat of any proceeding for such purpose.

g. The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to (i) cause all the Registrable Securities to be listed on each securities exchange on which securities of the same class or series issued by the Company are then listed, if any, if the listing of such Registrable Securities is then permitted under the rules of such

EXECUTION VERSION

exchange, or (ii) secure designation and quotation of all the Registrable Securities on the Principal Market. The Company shall pay all fees and expenses in connection with satisfying its obligation under this Section 3.

h. The Company shall cooperate with the Investor to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates (not bearing any restrictive legend) representing the Registrable Securities to be offered pursuant to any registration statement and enable such certificates to be in such denominations or amounts as the Investor may reasonably request and registered in such names as the Investor may request.

i. The Company shall at all times provide a Transfer Agent with respect to its Common Shares.

j. If reasonably requested by the Investor, the Company shall (i) promptly incorporate in a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment such information as the Investor believes should be included therein relating to the sale and distribution of Registrable Securities, including, without limitation, information with respect to the number of Registrable Securities being sold, the purchase price being paid therefor and any other terms of the offering of the Registrable Securities; (ii) make all required filings of such prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment as soon as reasonably practicable upon notification of the matters to be incorporated in such prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment; and (iii) supplement or make amendments to any registration statement.

k. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Registrable Securities covered by any registration statement to be registered with or approved by such other governmental agencies or authorities as may be necessary to consummate the disposition of such Registrable Securities.

l. Within two (2) Business Days after any registration statement which includes the Registrable Securities is ordered effective by the SEC, the Company shall deliver, and shall cause legal counsel for the Company to deliver, to the transfer agent for such Registrable Securities (with copies to the Investor) confirmation that such registration statement has been declared effective by the SEC in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. Thereafter, if requested by the Investor at any time, the Company shall require its counsel to deliver to the Investor a written confirmation whether or not the effectiveness of such registration statement has lapsed at any time for any reason (including, without limitation, the issuance of a stop order) and whether or not the registration statement is current and available to the Investor for sale of all of the Registrable Securities.

m. The Company shall take all other reasonable actions necessary to expedite and facilitate disposition by the Investor of Registrable Securities pursuant to any registration statement.

4. OBLIGATIONS OF THE INVESTOR.

a. The Company shall notify the Investor in writing of the information the Company reasonably requires from the Investor in connection with any registration statement hereunder. The Investor shall furnish to the Company such information regarding itself, the Registrable Securities held by it and the intended method of disposition of the Registrable Securities held by it as shall be reasonably required to effect the registration of such Registrable Securities and shall execute such documents in connection with such registration as the Company may reasonably request.

b. The Investor agrees to cooperate with the Company as reasonably requested by the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of any registration statement hereunder.

c. The Investor agrees that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event or existence of facts of the kind described in Section 3(f) or the first sentence of Section 3(e), the Investor will immediately discontinue disposition of Registrable Securities pursuant to any registration statement(s) covering such Registrable Securities until the Investor’s receipt of the copies of the supplemented or amended prospectus contemplated by Section 3(f) or the first sentence of Section 3(e). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the Company shall cause its transfer agent to promptly deliver Common Shares without any restrictive legend in accordance with the terms of the Purchase Agreements in connection with any sale of Registrable Securities with respect to which an Investor has entered into a contract for sale prior to the Investor’s receipt of a notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section 3(f) or the first sentence of Section 3(e) and for which the Investor has not yet settled.

5. EXPENSES OF REGISTRATION.

All reasonable expenses of the Company, other than sales or brokerage commissions, incurred in connection with registrations, filings or qualifications pursuant to Sections 2 and 3, including, without limitation, all registration, listing and qualifications fees, printers and accounting fees, and fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company, shall be paid by the Company. The Company shall reimburse K&L Gates LLP for its fees and

EXECUTION VERSION

disbursements in connection with registration, filing or qualification pursuant to Sections 2 and 3 of this Agreement, which amount shall, together with all other Transaction Expenses (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement), be limited to the Fee Cap (as defined in the Debenture Purchase Agreement).

6. INDEMNIFICATION.

a. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company will, and hereby does, indemnify, hold harmless and defend the Investor, each Person, if any, who controls the Investor, the members, managers, directors, officers, partners, employees, agents, representatives of the Investor and each Person, if any, who controls the Investor within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) (each, an “Indemnified Person”), against any third party losses, claims, damages, liabilities, judgments, fines, penalties, charges, costs, reasonable attorneys’ fees, amounts paid in settlement (with the prior written consent of the Company, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld) or expenses, joint or several, (collectively, “Claims”) reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending any action, claim, suit, inquiry, proceeding, investigation or appeal taken from the foregoing by or before any court or governmental, administrative or other regulatory agency, body or the SEC, whether pending or threatened, whether or not an indemnified party is or may be a party thereto (“Indemnified Damages”), to which any of them may become subject insofar as such Claims (or actions or proceedings, whether commenced or threatened, in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon: (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact in the Registration Statement, any New Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or in any filing made in connection with the qualification of the offering under the securities or other “blue sky” laws of any jurisdiction in which Registrable Securities are offered (“Blue Sky Filing”), or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the final prospectus (as amended or supplemented, if the Company files any amendment thereof or supplement thereto with the SEC) or the omission or alleged omission to state therein any material fact necessary to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which the statements therein were made, not misleading, (iii) any violation or alleged violation by the Company of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, any other law, including, without limitation, any state securities law, or any rule or regulation thereunder relating to the offer or sale of the Registrable Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or any New Registration Statement (the matters in the foregoing clauses (i) through (iii) being, collectively, “Violations”). The Company shall reimburse each Indemnified Person promptly as such expenses are incurred and are due and payable, for any reasonable legal fees or other reasonable expenses incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the indemnification agreement contained in this Section 6(a): (i) shall not apply to a Claim by an Indemnified Person arising out of or based upon a Violation which occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with information about the Investor furnished in writing to the Company by such Indemnified Person expressly for use in connection with the preparation of the Registration Statement, any New Registration Statement or any such amendment thereof or supplement thereto, if such prospectus was made available by the Company pursuant to Section 3(c) or Section 3(e); (ii) with respect to any superseded prospectus, shall not inure to the benefit of any such person from whom the person asserting any such Claim purchased the Registrable Securities that are the subject thereof (or to the benefit of any person controlling such person) if the untrue statement or omission of material fact contained in the superseded prospectus was corrected in the revised prospectus, as then amended or supplemented, if such revised prospectus was timely made available by the Company pursuant to Section 3(c) or Section 3(e), and the Indemnified Person was promptly advised in writing not to use the incorrect prospectus prior to the use giving rise to a violation and such Indemnified Person, notwithstanding such advice, used it; (iii) shall not be available to the extent such Claim is based on a failure of the Investor to deliver or to cause to be delivered the prospectus made available by the Company, if such prospectus was timely made available by the Company pursuant to Section 3(c) or Section 3(e); and (iv) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Indemnified Person and shall survive the transfer of the Registrable Securities by the Investor pursuant to Section 9.

b. In connection with the Registration Statement or any New Registration Statement, the Investor agrees to indemnify, hold harmless and defend, to the same extent and in the same manner as is set forth in Section 6(a), the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who signs the Registration Statement or any New Registration Statement, each Person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (collectively and together with an Indemnified Person, an “Indemnified Party”), against any Claim or Indemnified Damages to which any of them may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such Claim or Indemnified Damages arise out of or are based upon any Violation, in each case to the extent, and only to the extent, that such Violation occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with written information about the Investor set forth on Exhibit B attached hereto and furnished to the Company by the Investor expressly for use in connection with such registration statement or from the failure of the Investor to deliver or so cause to be delivered the prospectus made available by the Company, if such prospectus was timely made available by the Company pursuant to Section 3(c) or Section 3(e); and, subject to Section 6(d), the Investor will reimburse

EXECUTION VERSION

any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim; provided, however, that the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 6(b) and the agreement with respect to contribution contained in Section 7 shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of the Investor, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld; provided, further, however, that the Investor shall be liable under this Section 6(b) for only that amount of a Claim or Indemnified Damages as does not exceed the net proceeds to the Investor as a result of the sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to such registration statement. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of such Indemnified Party and shall survive the transfer of the Registrable Securities by the Investor pursuant to Section 9.

c. Promptly after receipt by an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party under this Section 6 of notice of the commencement of any action or proceeding (including any governmental action or proceeding) involving a Claim, such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party shall, if a Claim in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Section 6, deliver to the indemnifying party a written notice of the commencement thereof, and the indemnifying party shall have the right to participate in, and, to the extent the indemnifying party so desires, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly noticed, to assume control of the defense thereof with counsel mutually satisfactory to the indemnifying party and the Indemnified Person or the Indemnified Party, as the case may be; provided, however, that an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party shall have the right to retain its own counsel with the fees and expenses to be paid by the indemnifying party, if, in the reasonable opinion of counsel retained by the indemnifying party, the representation by such counsel of the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party and the indemnifying party would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party and any other party represented by such counsel in such proceeding. The Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person shall cooperate fully with the indemnifying party in connection with any negotiation or defense of any such action or claim by the indemnifying party and shall furnish to the indemnifying party all information reasonably available to the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person which relates to such action or claim. The indemnifying party shall keep the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person fully apprised at all times as to the status of the defense or any settlement negotiations with respect thereto. No indemnifying party shall be liable for any settlement of any action, claim or proceeding effected without its written consent, provided, however, that the indemnifying party shall not unreasonably withhold, delay or condition its consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the consent of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person, consent to entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement or other compromise which does not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person of a release from all liability in respect to such claim or litigation. Following indemnification as provided for hereunder, the indemnifying party shall be subrogated to all rights of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person with respect to all third parties, firms or corporations relating to the matter for which indemnification has been made. The failure to deliver written notice to the indemnifying party within a reasonable time of the commencement of any such action shall not relieve such indemnifying party of any liability to the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party under this Section 6, except to the extent that the indemnifying party is prejudiced in its ability to defend such action.

d. The indemnification required by this Section 6 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received, or Indemnified Damages are incurred.

e. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to (i) any cause of action or similar right of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person against the indemnifying party or others, and (ii) any liabilities the indemnifying party may be subject to pursuant to applicable law.

7. CONTRIBUTION.

To the extent any indemnification by an indemnifying party is prohibited or limited by law, the indemnifying party agrees to make the maximum contribution with respect to any amounts for which it would otherwise be liable under Section 6 to the fullest extent permitted by law; provided, however, that: (i) no seller of Registrable Securities guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any seller of Registrable Securities who was not guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation; and (ii) contribution by any seller of Registrable Securities shall be limited in amount to the net amount of proceeds received by such seller from the sale of such Registrable Securities.

8. REPORTS AND DISCLOSURE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACTS.

With a view to making available to the Investor the benefits of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act or any other similar rule or regulation of the SEC that may at any time permit the Investor to sell securities of the Company to the public without registration (“Rule 144”), the Company agrees, at the Company’s sole expense, so long as the Investor owns Registrable Securities, to use reasonable best efforts to:

EXECUTION VERSION

a. make and keep public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144;

b. file with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act so long as the Company remains subject to such requirements and the filing of such reports and other documents is required for the applicable provisions of Rule 144;

c. furnish to the Investor so long as the Investor owns Registrable Securities, promptly upon request, (i) a written statement by the Company that it has complied with the reporting and or disclosure provisions of Rule 144, the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, (ii) a copy of the most recent annual report of the Company and such other reports and documents so filed by the Company, and (iii) such other information as may be reasonably requested to permit the Investor to sell such securities pursuant to Rule 144 without registration; and

d. take such additional action as is requested by the Investor to enable the Investor to sell the Registrable Securities pursuant to Rule 144, including, without limitation, delivering all such legal opinions, consents, certificates, resolutions and instructions to the Company’s Transfer Agent as may be requested from time to time by the Investor and otherwise fully cooperate with Investor and Investor’s broker to effect such sale of securities pursuant to Rule 144.

The Company agrees that damages may be an inadequate remedy for any breach of the terms and provisions of this Section 8 and that Investor shall, whether or not it is pursuing any remedies at law, be entitled to seek equitable relief in the form of a preliminary or permanent injunctions, without having to post any bond or other security, upon any breach or threatened breach of any such terms or provisions.


			9.			ASSIGNMENT OF REGISTRATION RIGHTS.

The Company shall not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Investor; provided, however, that any transaction, whether by merger, reorganization, restructuring, consolidation, financing or otherwise, whereby the Company remains the surviving entity immediately after such transaction shall not be deemed to be an assignment. The Investor may not assign its rights under this Agreement without the written consent of the Company, other than to an affiliate of the Investor.

10. AMENDMENT OF REGISTRATION RIGHTS.

No provision of this Agreement may be amended or waived by the parties from and after the date that is one Business Day immediately preceding the initial filing of the Registration Statement with the SEC. Subject to the immediately preceding sentence, no provision of this Agreement may be (i) amended other than by a written instrument signed by both parties hereto or (ii) waived other than in a written instrument signed by the party against whom enforcement of such waiver is sought. Failure of any party to exercise any right or remedy under this Agreement or otherwise, or delay by a party in exercising such right or remedy, shall not operate as a waiver thereof.

11. MISCELLANEOUS.

a. A Person is deemed to be a holder of Registrable Securities whenever such Person owns or is deemed to own of record such Registrable Securities. If the Company receives conflicting instructions, notices or elections from two or more Persons with respect to the same Registrable Securities, the Company shall act upon the basis of instructions, notice or election received from the registered owner of such Registrable Securities.

b. Any notices, consents, waivers or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i) upon receipt, when delivered personally; (ii) upon receipt, when sent by email (provided confirmation of transmission is mechanically or electronically generated and kept on file by the sending party); or (iii) one (1) Business Day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses for such communications shall be:

If to the Company:

Remark Holdings, Inc.

800 S. Commerce St.

Las Vegas, NV 89106

Telephone: (702) 701-9514

EXECUTION VERSION

Attention: Kai-Shing Tao

Email: stao@remarkholdings.com

With a copy (for informational purposes only) to:

Olshan Frome Wolosky LLP

1325 Avenue of the Americas

New York, NY 10019

Attention: Robert H. Friedman, Esq.

Email: rfriedman@olshanlaw.com

If to the Transfer Agent:

Computershare LLC

150 Royall Street

Canton, MA 02021

Attention: Consuelo Galicia

Email: consuelo.galicia@computershare.com

If to Buyer:

As set forth in the Purchase Agreements.

If to Legal Counsel:

K&L Gates LLP

599 Lexington Avenue

New York, NY 10022-6030

Telephone: (212) 536-4085

Attention: Matthew Ogurick, Esq.

Email: matthew.ogurick@klgates.com

or at such other address and/or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party has specified by written notice given to each other party three (3) Business Days prior to the effectiveness of such change. Written confirmation of receipt (A) given by the recipient of such notice, consent, waiver or other communication, (B) mechanically or electronically generated by the sender’s email account containing the time, date, recipient email address, as applicable, and an image of the first page of such transmission or (C) provided by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, shall be rebuttable evidence of personal service, receipt by email or receipt from a nationally recognized overnight delivery service in accordance with clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above, respectively.

c. The corporate laws of the State of New York shall govern all issues concerning the relative rights of the parties. All other questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement and the other Transaction Documents shall be governed by the internal laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of New York or any other jurisdictions) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdictions other than the State of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in New York, New York for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or under the other Transaction Documents or in connection therewith, or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof to such party at the address for such notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. If any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement in that jurisdiction or the validity or enforceability of any provision of this Agreement in any other jurisdiction. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION HEREWITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

EXECUTION VERSION

d. This Agreement and the Purchase Agreements constitute the entire agreement among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof. There are no restrictions, promises, warranties or undertakings, other than those set forth or referred to herein and therein. This Agreement and the Purchase Agreements supersede all prior agreements and understandings among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof.

e. Subject to the requirements of Section 9, this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of each of the parties hereto.

f. The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the meaning hereof.

g. This Agreement may be executed in identical counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which shall constitute one and the same agreement. This Agreement, once executed by a party, may be delivered to the other party hereto by e-mail in a “.pdf” format data file of a copy of this Agreement bearing the signature of the party so delivering this Agreement.

h. Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as the other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

i. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party.

j. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns, and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person.

[signature page follows]

EXECUTION VERSION

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Registration Rights Agreement to be duly executed as of day and year first above written.


			THE COMPANY:

			REMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

			By:			/s/ Kai-Shing Tao
			Name:			Kai-Shing Tao
			Title:			Chief Executive Officer

			BUYER:

			IONIC VENTURES, LLC

			By:			/s/ Brendan O'Neil
			Name:			Brendan O'Neil
			Title:			Authorized Signatory

EXECUTION VERSION

EXHIBIT A

TO REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

FORM OF NOTICE OF EFFECTIVENESS

OF REGISTRATION STATEMENT

[Date]

[TRANSFER AGENT]

___________________

Re: [__________]

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Reference is made to that certain Purchase Agreement, dated as of [ ], 2022 (the “Purchase Agreement”), entered into by and between Remark Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and _______________________ (the “Buyer”), pursuant to which the Company may from time to time issue and sell to the Buyer (i) Common Shares, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Shares”), in an amount up to Fifty Million Dollars ($50,000,000) (the “Purchase Shares”), in accordance with the terms of the Share Purchase Agreement and (ii) convertible subordinated debentures (the “Debentures”) convertible into the Company’s Common Shares, in accordance with the terms of the Debenture Purchase Agreement (collectively, with the Share Purchase Agreement, the “Purchase Agreements”). In connection with the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreements, the Company has registered with the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission the following Common Shares:


			(1)			up to [____________] Common Shares to be issued to the Buyer upon purchase by the Buyer from the Company from time to time (the “Purchase Shares”); and


			(2)			[________] Common Shares that have been issued to the Buyer as a commitment fee on the date of the Purchase Agreement (the “Commitment Shares”);


			(3)			[________] Common Shares which may be issued to Buyer pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement as an additional commitment fee (the “Additional Commitment Shares”); and


			(4)			150,000 Common Shares which may be issued to Buyer as Filing Default Shares pursuant to the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement (the “Filing Default Shares”);


			(5)			150,000 Common Shares which may be issued to Buyer pursuant to the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement as Effectiveness Default Shares (the “Effectiveness Default Shares”); and


			(6)			[________] Common Shares which may be issued to Buyer upon conversion of the Debentures (the “Conversion Shares”);

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreements, the Company also has entered into a Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of [ ], 2022, with the Buyer (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed, among other things, to register for resale the Purchase Shares, the Commitment Shares, the Additional Commitment Shares, any Filing Default Shares, any Effectiveness Default Shares and the Conversion Shares under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). In connection with the Company’s obligations under the Purchase Agreements and the Registration Rights Agreement, on [_____________], 2022, the Company filed a Registration Statement (File No. 333-[_________]) (the “Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) relating to the resale of the Purchase Shares, the Commitment Shares, the Additional Commitment Shares, Filing Default Shares, Effectiveness Default Shares and the Conversion Shares.

EXECUTION VERSION

In connection with the foregoing, we advise you that a member of the SEC’s staff has advised us by telephone that the SEC has entered an order declaring the Registration Statement effective under the Securities Act at [_____] [A.M./P.M.] on [__________], 2022 and we have no knowledge, after reviewing the list of stop orders on the SEC’s website, that any stop order suspending its effectiveness has been issued or that any proceedings for that purpose are pending before, or threatened by, the SEC and the Purchase Shares, the Commitment Shares, the Additional Commitment Shares, the Filing Default Shares, the Effectiveness Default Shares and the Conversion Shares are available for resale under the Securities Act pursuant to the Registration Statement and may be issued without any restrictive legend.


			Very truly yours,

			[NAME]

			By:


			cc:			K&L Gates LLP - Matthew Ogurick, Esq.

EXECUTION VERSION

EXHIBIT B

TO REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

Information About the Investor Furnished to The Company by The Investor

Expressly for Use in Connection with The Registration Statement

Information with Respect to Investor

As of the date of the Purchase Agreement, ____________________________LLC, beneficially owned [___________] shares of our Common Shares. ______________________________, are deemed to be beneficial owners of all of the Common Shares owned by _______________________. ________________________[has sole][have shared] voting and investment power over the shares being offered under the prospectus filed with the SEC in connection with the transactions contemplated under the [Share Purchase Agreement]/[Debenture Purchase Agreement]. __________________ is not a licensed broker dealer or an affiliate of a licensed broker dealer.

Execution Version

PROVISIONAL WAIVER AND CONSENT AGREEMENT

This PROVISIONAL WAIVER AND CONSENT AGREEMENT, dated as of October 6, 2022 (this “Agreement”), is entered into by and between REMARK HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation having its principal office at 800 S. Commerce Street, Las Vegas, NV 89106 (“Borrower”), and each subsidiary of Borrower listed on the signature pages hereto or that after the date hereof delivers such a signature page (each a “Guarantor”, collectively, the “Guarantors” and, together with Borrower, the “Loan Parties” and each a “Loan Party”) and MUDRICK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LP. and/or one or more managed funds or accounts (collectively and each without differentiation, the “Lender”).

WHEREAS, the parties hereto have entered into those certain SENIOR SECURED LOAN AGREEMENT dated as of December 3, 2021 pursuant to which the Lender made a loan to Loan Parties in the aggregate principal sum of Thirty Million Dollars ($30,000,000), as amended by that certain FIRST AMENDMENT TO SENIOR SECURED LOAN AGREEMENT dated as of August 3, 2022 (the “First Amendment” and the Senior Secured Loan Agreement as amended by the First Amendment, the “Loan Agreement”). Capitalized terms used but not defined herein are used as defined in the Loan Agreement;

WHEREAS, Events of Default have heretofore occurred under the Loan Agreement (i) as a result of the failure to pay the July Interest Payment in violation of Section 3.2 of the First Amendment and Section 1(a) of the Loan Agreement (the “July Interest Default”), (ii) as a result of the failure to make the interest payment for the month of August 2022 in violation of Section 1 of the Loan Agreement (the “August Interest Default”), (iii) as a result of the failure to make the interest payment for the month of September 2022 in violation of Section 1 of the Loan Agreement (the “September Interest Default”), and (iv) as a result of the failure to pay an additional $50,000 of legal fees of Milbank LLP as provided in the First Amendment (the “Milbank Fee Default” and together with the July Interest Default, the August Interest Default and the September Interest Default, the “Acknowledged Defaults.”);

WHEREAS, the Borrower wishes to consummate a $2,778,000 convertible subordinated debenture financing evidenced by those certain Subordinated Convertible Debentures dated October 6, 2022 made by Borrower as Company thereunder in favor of the Holders named therein in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Subordinated Notes” and the loan made thereunder the “Debt Financing”) and an equity put agreement for the sale of equity for up to $50,000,000, both with Ionic Ventures, LLC (together with the Debt Financing, the “Ionic Transactions”);

WHEREAS, the Loan Parties have requested that the Lender provisionally waive the Acknowledged Defaults and consent to the Financing Transaction; and

WHEREAS, the Lender is willing to agree to such requests on the terms and conditions set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises herein contained and for other valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, hereby agree as follows:

1. Definitions; Construction. All capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein are used as defined in the Loan Agreement.

2. Waiver; Payment Deferral; Consent. Upon the date hereof:

2.1.Provisional Waiver of Acknowledged Defaults. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, Borrower’s failure to timely perform the Acknowledged Defaults is hereby provisionally waived by the Lender. This waiver relates solely to the Acknowledged Defaults and is

not a waiver of any other Default or Event of Default that has occurred or may occur under the Loan Agreement or the other Loan Documents.

2.2.Deferral of Payments. The interest payments for the months of July 2022, August 2022 and September 2022 (the “Deferred Interest Payments”), as further described in Schedule 1 attached hereto, shall be deferred to October 6, 2022, with the Deferred Interest Payments to be paid in full in cash on or before such date. Further, the Lender agrees that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Loan Agreement, the aggregate amount of currently due, owing and unpaid legal fees due to Milbank LLP under Section 4(i) of the First Amendment is $50,000 (the “Milbank Fee Amount”). The payment of the Milbank Fee Amount shall be paid in cash on or before October 6, 2022. Failure to timely pay and perform all obligations under this Agreement shall be an immediate Event of Default under the Loan Agreement for all purposes.

2.3.Consent to Ionic Transactions. Subject to the terms of Section 2.4 of this Agreement, the Lender hereby consents to the Debt Financing. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Loan Agreement, If the Debt Financing is consummated on the terms specified in Section 2.4 of this Agreement, the Debt Financing shall be a “Permitted Indebtedness” (as such term is defined in the Loan Agreement). The Lender also agrees that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Loan Agreement, other than to the extent needed to pay the Deferred Interest Payments and the Milbank Fee Amount, any proceeds received from the Debt Financing may be used for general corporate purposes. The Lender further waives the application of Section 12(e) of the Loan Agreement to the Debt Financing.

2.4.Debt Financing Subordination. Section 2.3 of this Agreement shall only be effective if and to the extent that the Borrower and all of the “Holders” of the Subordinated Notes and the Borrower have each executed and delivered the Subordination and Intercreditor Agreement between Borrower, the Lender and the Holders in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B.

3. Miscellaneous.

3.1.No Other Changes. Except as specifically amended by this Agreement, the Loan Agreement and all other documents, instruments and agreements executed and/or delivered in connection therewith shall remain in full force and effect.

3.2.Governing Law. This Amendment and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to or in connection therewith, the relationship of the parties, and/or the interpretation and enforcement of the rights and duties of the parties will be governed by the laws of the State of New York without regard to any conflicts of law principles other than Section 5-1401 of the New York General Obligations Law.

3.3.Multiple Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts, all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement, and any of the parties hereto may execute this Amendment by signing any such counterpart. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Amendment by facsimile, in electronic (e.g. “pdf”, “tif” or image (e.g. “jpeg”)) format shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Amendment.

3.4.Loan Document. This Agreement is a Loan Document.

3.5.Reaffirmation of Obligations. Each Loan Party (a) acknowledges and consents to all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, (b) affirms all of its obligations under the Loan Documents, and (c) agrees that this Agreement and all documents executed in connection herewith do not operate to reduce or discharge such Loan Party’s obligations under the Loan Documents.

3.6.Reaffirmation of Security Interests. Each Loan Party (a) affirms that each of the Liens granted in or pursuant to the Loan Documents are valid and subsisting and (b) agrees that this Agreement and all documents executed in connection herewith shall in no manner impair or otherwise adversely affect any of the Liens granted in or pursuant to the Loan Documents.

3.7.No Waiver. The execution, delivery and effectiveness of this Agreement shall not operate as a waiver of any right, power or remedy of the Lender under the Loan Agreement or any other document, instrument or in connection therewith, nor constitute a waiver of any provision contained therein, except as specifically set forth herein.

REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Loan Party has caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date set forth above.



REMARK HOLDINGS, INC., as Borrower
By:			/s/ Kai-Shing Tao
Name:			Kai-Shing Tao
Title:			Chief Executive Officer

BIKINI.COM, LLC, as a Guarantor
By:			Remark SPV Holdco LLC, its Sole Member

By:			/s/ Kai-Shing Tao
Name:			Kai-Shing Tao
Title:			President

REMARK HOLDINGS SPV, INC., as a Guarantor
By:			/s/ Kai-Shing Tao
Name:			Kai-Shing Tao
Title:			President

REMARK AI, LLC, as a Guarantor
By:			Remark Holdings, Inc., its Manager

By:			/s/ Kai-Shing Tao
Name:			Kai-Shing Tao
Title:			Chief Executive Officer

RAAD PRODUCTIONS, LLC,, as a Guarantor
By:			Remark Holdings, Inc., its Sole Member

By:			/s/ Kai-Shing Tao
Name:			Kai-Shing Tao
Title:			Chief Executive Officer

RAAD PROMOTIONS, LLC, as a Guarantor
By:			RAAD Productions, LLC, its Sole Member

By:			/s/ Kai-Shing Tao
Name:			Kai-Shing Tao
Title:			Authorized Person

REMARK SPV HOLDCO LLC, as a Guarantor
By:			/s/ Kai-Shing Tao
Name:			Kai-Shing Tao
Title:			President

[Signature page to Provisional Waiver and Consent Agreement]


AGREED TO AND ACCEPTED:

MUDRICK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LP.

By:			/S/ John O'Callaghan
Name:			John O'Callaghan
Title:			Corporate Secretary

[Signature page to Provisional Waiver and Consent Agreement]

SCHEDULE 1

EXHIBIT A

Form of Subordinated Convertible Debenture

[See attached]

EXHIBIT B

Subordination and Intercreditor Agreement

[See attached]

Execution Version

SUBORDINATION AND INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENT

THIS SUBORDINATION AND INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made as of October 6, 2022, by and between IONIC VENTURES, LLC (the “Junior Lender”), REMARK HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation (“Borrower”), and MUDRICK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LP. and/or one or more managed funds or accounts (collectively and each without differentiation, the “Senior Lender”) under the Senior Loan Agreement defined below.

R E C I T A L S :

A. The Borrower, certain subsidiaries of the Borrower party thereto as guarantors and Senior Lender have entered into that certain SENIOR SECURED LOAN AGREEMENT dated as of December 3, 2021 pursuant to which the Senior Lender made a loan to Loan Parties in the aggregate principal sum of Thirty Million Dollars ($30,000,000) (the “Senior Loan”), as amended by that certain FIRST AMENDMENT TO SENIOR SECURED LOAN AGREEMENT dated as of August 3, 2022 (the “First Amendment” and the Senior Secured Loan Agreement as amended by the First Amendment, the “Senior Loan Agreement”). Capitalized terms used but not defined herein are used as defined in the Senior Loan Agreement.

B. The Senior Loan is secured by the grant of a lien and security interest pursuant to the Senior Loan Agreement (when referenced in such capacity, the “Senior Security Agreement”). The Senior Security Agreement encumbers the personal property described therein (the “Collateral”). In connection therewith, Senior Lender has filed or will file concurrently herewith one or more UCC-1 Financing Statements and intellectual property security agreements with the various filing offices, and will enter into account control agreements in order to perfect the security interest of Senior Lender in the Collateral (collectively, the “Senior Financing Statements”).

C. The Senior Loan Agreement, Senior Security Agreement and Senior Financing Statements and any and all other documents and instruments evidencing the Senior Loan, as the same may be amended, modified and restated, are collectively referred to herein as the “Senior Loan Documents”.

D. Borrower is obligated to Junior Lender for a loan in the initial principal amount of $2,778,000, which may be increased to $3,334,000 upon the occurrence of certain trigger events as set forth therein, which is payable, together with all interest, penalties, at maturity (the “Junior Obligations”) or upon conversion into shares of Borrower’s common stock, pursuant to that certain SUBORDINATED CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURE, dated as of October 6, 2022, issued by Borrower to Junior Lender (as amended, modified and supplemented from time to time, the “Junior Financing Agreement”). The Junior Financing Agreement and the other loan documents delivered to Junior Lender, including, without limitation, the Debenture Purchase Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement, of even date with the Junior Financing Agreement (collectively, the “Junior Loan Documents”) evidence the Junior Obligations. True and correct copies of the executed and delivered Junior Loan Documents are attached hereto as Exhibit A.

F. All obligations of Borrower to Senior Lender (together, with their respective successors and assigns, the “Senior Secured Parties”) now existing or hereafter arising, due or to become due, under the Senior Loan Documents, including, without limitation, the Senior Loan, are herein called the “Senior Obligations”.

G. Simultaneously with the execution of this Agreement, Borrower and Senior Lender have executed that certain Provisional Waiver and Consent Agreement (the “Waiver”).

H. In connection with the making or continuation of the Senior Loan, Senior Lender requests that Junior Lender enter into this Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto represent, warrant and agree as follows:

1. Recitals. The recitals set forth above are true and correct and are hereby incorporated in their entirety.

2. Subordination of Obligations; Junior Obligations Unsecured.

(a) Junior Lender hereby agrees that, for so long as the Waiver remains in full force and effect, the Junior Obligations are and shall be fully and unconditionally junior and subordinate in right of cash payment to the prior payment in full in immediately available United States Dollars (“Payment on Full” or “Paid in Full”) of all Senior Obligations, including Senior Obligations incurred, created, assumed or guaranteed after the date hereof, and that the subordination is for the benefit of and enforceable by the holders of such Senior Obligations.

(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything to the contrary in this Agreement or in the Senior Loan Documents or Waiver, Junior Lender shall be permitted to receive, retain and dispose of, and the Borrower shall be permitted to issue, equity interests of the Borrower to Junior Lender in full or partial satisfaction of Borrower’s Junior Obligations upon conversion of all amounts due and owing under the Junior Loan Documents in accordance with their respective terms.

(c) Junior Lender acknowledges and agrees that (i) no liens or security interests secure or will in the future secure the Junior Obligations and (ii) it shall not accept any liens or security interests in any assets or property of Borrower or any Subsidiaries (including, without limitation, the Collateral) to secure the Junior Obligations unless the Senior Obligations have been Paid in Full and all liens securing the Senior Obligations have been released in accordance with the terms of the Senior Loan Documents. Any lien or security interest that may nevertheless be granted to Junior Lender shall be held by Junior Lender as collateral agent for Senior Lender until such time as the Senior Obligations are Paid in Full.

3. Subordination of Payment; Extension of Maturity. Cash payment of the Junior Obligations shall be subject and subordinate to the prior satisfaction in full of the Senior Obligations, except to the extent payment of the Junior Obligations is permitted by the Senior Loan Documents or contemplated in Section 2(b). Junior Lender and Borrower agree that the maturity date of the Junior Obligations will be at least 91 days after the current maturity date of the Senior Obligations as such current maturity date is fixed under the Senior Loan Documents in the form in effect on the date first set forth above. Junior Lender acknowledges and agrees that notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Junior Loan Documents, until the prior satisfaction in full of the Senior Obligations, the maturity date of the Junior Obligations is not subject to acceleration.

4. Payment Standstill. Except as provided in Section 2(b) Borrower may not pay to Junior Lender and the Junior Lender will not accept, any principal, interest or fees in cash under any or all of the Junior Loan Documents until Payment in Full of the Senior Obligations.

5. Constructive Trust; Further Assurance. In the event that Junior Lender receives or holds any lien, cash payment transfer or other distribution of any kind or character from Borrower or any guarantor of the Senior Loan in respect of the Junior Obligations that is in contravention of this Agreement, such cash payment or other distribution shall be received and

shall be held by Junior Lender in trust for and be promptly delivered to Senior Lender. In the event of any distribution, division, or application, partial or complete, voluntary or involuntary, by operation of law or otherwise (or in connection with any Enforcement Action (as defined below)), of all or any part of the assets of Borrower, or the proceeds thereof, to creditors of Borrower, by reason of the liquidation, dissolution, or other winding up of Borrower’s business, or in the event of any sale, receivership, insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings by or against Borrower, or assignment for the benefit of creditors, or of any proceedings by or against Borrower for any relief under any bankruptcy or insolvency laws, or relating to the relief of debtors, readjustment of indebtedness, reorganizations, arrangements, compositions or extensions, or of any other event whereby it becomes necessary or desirable to file or present claims against Borrower for the purpose of receiving payment thereof, or on account thereof, then and in any such event, any payment or distribution of any kind or character, either in cash or other property, which shall be made in connection with such event or shall be payable with respect to any Junior Obligations shall be paid over to Senior Lender for application to the payment of the Senior Obligations, whether due or not due, and, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, no payments shall be made upon or in respect of the Junior Obligations unless and until the Senior Obligations shall have been Paid in Full. In any such event, all claims of Senior Lender, at the option of Senior Lender, forthwith become due and payable without demand or notice. In the event that any person that is not a party to this Agreement delivers to Junior Lender any property that constitutes collateral for the Senior Loan, then the turnover obligation of this Section 5 shall pertain to such collateral.

6. Amendments to Senior Obligations and Senior Loan Documents. Senior Lender may amend the Senior Obligations and the Senior Loan Documents (which, for the avoidance of any doubt does not include the Waiver) in any manner without the prior written consent of Junior Lender. No modification of the Senior Obligations, and no release or surrender of any security for the Senior Obligations, or the obligations of any endorsers, sureties or guarantors thereof, or release from the terms of this or any other subordination agreement of any claims subordinated, and no delay or omission in exercising any right or power on account of or in connection with the Senior Obligations, or under this Agreement, shall, in any manner, impair or affect the rights and duties of Senior Lender. Senior Lender, in its sole and absolute discretion, may waive or release any right or option accorded Senior Lender under this Agreement without the consent of Borrower or Junior Lender, and without otherwise in any way affecting the obligations of Borrower and Junior Lender hereunder.

7. Refinancing of Senior Loan or Junior Loan. Each lender that refinances the Senior Loan shall be entitled to the benefit of this Agreement. No lender (other than those permitted transferees as set forth in the Junior Loan Documents) that refinances the Junior Loan shall be entitled to the benefit of this Agreement unless such refinancing is approved by Senior Lender in writing.

8. Amendments to Junior Obligations and Junior Loan Documents. Junior Lender may not amend or modify the terms of the Junior Obligations and the Junior Loan Documents in any manner that would adversely affect the Senior Obligations or the Collateral in any material respect without the prior written consent of Senior Lender. Junior Lender shall give Senior Lender written notice as well as copies of any such amendments within five business days after such documents have been executed by Junior Lender.

9. Default Under Junior or Senior Loan Documents. Junior Lender shall send to Senior Lender a written copy of any notices given to Borrower regarding (a) any default under the Junior Obligations, or (b) any event, with the giving of such notice or the passage of time without cure, would result in a default under the Junior Obligations. Junior Lender agrees that all such notices to Senior Lender shall be sent contemporaneously with the sending of such notices to Borrower. Senior Lender shall send to Junior Lender a written copy of any notices

given to Borrower regarding (i) any default under the Senior Loan Documents or (ii) any event, with the giving of such notice or the passage of time without cure, would result in a default under the Senior Loan Documents. Senior Lender agrees that all such notices to Junior Lender shall be sent contemporaneously with the sending of such notices to Borrower. Junior Lender and Senior Lender shall each have the right, but not the obligation, to cure any default by Borrower under the other’s obligations.

10. Prohibition on Contesting Liens. Junior Lender agrees that it will not at any time contest the validity, perfection, priority or enforceability of the Senior Obligations, the Senior Loan Documents, or the liens and security interests of Senior Lender in the Collateral securing the Senior Obligations.

11. Bankruptcy of Borrower. Junior Lender agrees to not take any action (which does not include the exercise of remedies by Junior Lender) to cause Borrower to become voluntarily or involuntarily subject to an Insolvency Proceeding (as defined below).

12. Additional Agreements of Junior Lender. So long as the Senior Obligations are outstanding, Junior Lender agrees that it shall not take any Enforcement Action to enforce any claims against Borrower for cash, nor shall Junior Lender take any Enforcement Action against any assets or property of Borrower (including, without limitation, the Collateral).

As used herein:

“Bankruptcy Code” means Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended from time to time, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors;

“Enforcement Action” means, with respect to the Senior Obligations or the Junior Obligations, as applicable (a) to sue for cash payment of, or to initiate or participate with others in any suit, action or proceeding against Borrower to (i) enforce payment of, or to collect the whole or any part of, such obligations or (ii) commence judicial enforcement of any of the rights and remedies under, as applicable, the Senior Loan Documents or the Junior Loan Documents or applicable law with respect to cash payments; (b) to accelerate the Senior Obligations or the Junior Obligations, as the case may be; or (c) with respect to Senior Lender only, to take any action under the provisions of any state or federal law, or under any contract or agreement, to enforce, foreclose upon, take possession of or sell the Collateral;

“Insolvency Proceeding” means any proceeding in respect of bankruptcy, insolvency, winding up, receivership, dissolution or assignment for the benefit of creditors, for each of the foregoing events whether under the Bankruptcy Code or any similar federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, creditor protection, reorganization, receivership or similar law.

13. Termination. This Agreement shall terminate upon full and final payment in cash of all amounts due and the performance of all obligations under either the Senior Obligations or the Junior Obligations.

14. Notices. For purposes of this Agreement, notices and communications shall in all events be in writing and be deemed to have been received upon the first to occur of (i) actual receipt, (ii) the next business day after the date when sent by Federal Express or another recognized overnight courier, (iii) the date sent when sent by facsimile to the numbers set forth below and the appropriate mechanical confirmation is received or (iv) the second business day after the date when sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, addressed:

In the case of Junior Lender, to:

Ionic Ventures, LLC

3053 Fillmore St, Suite 256

San Francisco, CA 94123

Attention: Brendan T. O’Neil

Email: Brendan@ionicventures.com

with a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):

K&L Gates LLP

599 Lexington Avenue

New York, NY 10022-6030

Telephone: (212) 536-4085

Attention: Matthew Ogurick, Esq.

Email: matthew.ogurick@klgates.com

With a copy to Borrower:

Remark Holdings, Inc.

800 S. Commerce Street

Las Vegas, NV 89106

with a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):

Olshan Frome Wolosky LLP

1325 Avenue of the Americas

New York, NY 10019

Telephone: (212) 451-2220

Attention: Robert Friedman

Email: rfriedman@olshanlaw.com

And in the case of Senior Lender, to:

Such address has been furnished in writing by Senior Lender to Borrower

with a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):

Milbank LLP

55 Hudson Yards

New York, NY 10001-2163

Telephone: (212) 530-5000

Attention: Eric Reimer

Email: ereimer@milbank.com

or to such other address as any of the above-named parties may designate for itself by notice so given.

15. Effect of Agreement on Borrower. This Agreement is for the sole benefit of Senior Lender and Junior Lender and their successors and assigns. Nothing herein shall be deemed to modify, limit or in any way affect the rights and obligations of Borrower to Senior

Lender under the Senior Loan Documents or Borrower to Junior Lender under the Junior Obligations.

16. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and each such counterpart shall be deemed an original but all such counterparts together shall constitute one and the same Agreement.

17. Governing Law; Severability. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Delaware. If any provision shall be held prohibited or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity without invalidating any other provision of this Agreement.

18. Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon Senior Lender and Junior Lender and their respective successors and assigns.

19. Including Means Without Limitation. The use in this Agreement of the term “including”, and related terms such as “include”, shall in all cases mean “including, without limitation”.

20. Parties in Interest. Nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to confer upon or to give Borrower or any other person or entity other than the parties hereto (and their permitted successors and assigns) and the other Senior Secured Parties any right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement. All terms and conditions in this Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the parties hereto and their permitted successors and assigns, as well as the other Senior Secured Parties, all of whom are intended to be bound by, and to be third party beneficiaries of, this Agreement.

[SIGNATURE PAGES FOLLOW]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written.


			JUNIOR LENDER:

			IONIC VENTURES, LLC

			By:			/s/ Brendan O'Neil
			Name:			Brendan O'Neil
			Title:			Authorized Signatory

[Signature Page to Subordination and Intercreditor Agreement]


			SENIOR LENDER:

			MUDRICK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LP. and/or one or more managed funds or accounts

			By:			/s/ John O'Callaghan
			Name:			John O'Callaghan
			Title:			Corporate Secretary

[Signature Page to Subordination and Intercreditor Agreement]

CONSENTED AND AGREED TO:


			BORROWER:

			REMARK HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation

			By:			/s/ Kai-Shing Tao
			Name:			Kai-Shing Tao
			Title:			Chief Executive Officer

[Signature Page to Subordination and Intercreditor Agreement]