As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 26, 2011.
File Nos. 033-39088
811-06243
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Pre-Effective Amendment No.
Post-Effective Amendment No. 58 (X)
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
Amendment No. 60 (X)
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
ONE FRANKLIN PARKWAY, SAN MATEO, CA 94403-1906_____
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)
(650) 312-2000
Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code
CRAIG S. TYLE, ONE FRANKLIN PARKWAY, SAN MATEO, CA
94403-1906
(Name and Address of Agent for Service of Process)
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering:
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)
[ ] immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
[X] on September 1, 2011 pursuant to paragraph (b)
[ ] 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
[ ] on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
[ ] 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
[ ] on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of rule 485
If appropriate, check the following box:
[ ] This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
September 1, 2011 |
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The SEC has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. |
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | Advisor Class | |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund | FKCGX | FKCBX | FCIIX | FRCGX | FKCAX |
Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund | FCEQX | | Pending | Pending | Pending |
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund | FGRAX | FKABX | FKACX | FKARX | FRAAX |
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund | FSGRX | FBSGX | FCSGX | FSSRX | FSSAX |
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund | FRSGX | FBSMX | FRSIX | FSMRX | FSGAX |
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PROSPECTUS |
Franklin
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Contents |
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FUND SUMMARIES |
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INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE INVESTING |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund
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FUND DETAILS |
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MORE INFORMATION ON INVESTMENT POLICIES, PRACTICES AND RISKS/FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund
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YOUR ACCOUNT |
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INFORMATION ABOUT SALES CHARGES, QUALIFIED INVESTORS, ACCOUNT TRANSACTIONS AND SERVICES |
Choosing a Share Class
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FOR MORE INFORMATION |
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WHERE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE FUND |
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FUND SUMMARIES
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund
Investment Goal
Capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
These tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts in Class A if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in Franklin Templeton funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and under Your Account on page 99 in the Fund's Prospectus and under Buying and Selling Shares on page 45 of the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
SHAREHOLDER FEES (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class B 1 | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as percentage of offering price) | 5.75% | None | None | None | None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as percentage of the lower of original purchase price or sale proceeds) | None | 4.00% | 1.00% | None | None |
1. New or additional investments into Class B are no longer permitted.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES | (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Management fees | 0.45% | 0.45% | 0.45% | 0.45% | 0.45% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.25% | 1.00% | 1.00% | 0.50% | None |
Other expenses | 0.28% | 0.28% | 0.28% | 0.28% | 0.28% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 0.98% | 1.73% | 1.73% | 1.23% | 0.73% |
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of the period. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Class A | $ 669 | $ 869 | $ 1,086 | $ 1,707 |
Class B | $ 576 | $ 845 | $ 1,139 | $ 1,842 |
Class C | $ 276 | $ 545 | $ 939 | $ 2,041 |
Class R | $ 125 | $ 390 | $ 676 | $ 1,489 |
Advisor Class | $ 75 | $ 233 | $ 406 | $ 906 |
If you do not sell your shares: | ||||
Class B | $ 176 | $ 545 | $ 939 | $ 1,842 |
Class C | $ 176 | $ 545 | $ 939 | $ 2,041 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 51.32% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests predominantly in equity securities of companies that the investment manager believes have the potential for capital appreciation. The equity securities in which the Fund invests are primarily to predominantly common stock.
The Fund has the flexibility to invest in companies located, headquartered, or operating inside and outside the United States, across the entire market capitalization spectrum from small, emerging growth companies to well-established, large-cap companies. A significant to substantial portion of the Fund's investments may be in smaller and mid-size companies.
In evaluating sector (broad industry) weightings in the Fund's investment portfolio, the investment manager considers, but may deviate from, the relative weightings of sectors in the Russell 3000 ® Growth Index. Consequently, the Fund, from time to time, may have significant positions in particular sectors such as technology (including electronic technology, technology services, biotechnology and health care technology) and industrials.
The investment manager uses fundamental, "bottom-up" research to seek companies meeting its criteria of growth potential, quality and valuation. In seeking sustainable growth characteristics, the investment manager looks for companies that it believes can produce sustainable earnings and cash flow growth, evaluating the long term market opportunity and competitive structure of an industry to target leaders and emerging leaders. In assessing value, the investment manager considers whether security prices fully reflect the balance of the sustainable growth opportunities relative to business and financial risks.
Principal Risks
You could lose money by investing in the Fund. Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government.
Market The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up and down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. A securitys market value may be reduced by market activity or other results of supply and demand unrelated to the issuer. This is a basic risk associated with all securities. When there are more sellers than buyers, prices tend to fall. Likewise, when there are more buyers than sellers, prices tend to rise.
Generally, stocks have historically outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Growth Style Investing Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Prices of these companies securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller and Midsize Companies Securities issued by smaller and midsize companies may be more volatile in price than those of larger companies, involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Such risks may include greater sensitivity to economic conditions, less certain growth prospects, lack of depth of management and funds for growth and development and limited or less developed product lines and markets. In addition, smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans.
Focus To the extent that the Fund focuses on particular countries, regions, industries, sectors or types of investment from time to time, the Fund may be subject to greater risks of adverse developments in such areas of focus than a fund that invests in a wider variety of countries, regions, industries, sectors or investments.
Foreign Securities Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities, including risks related to currency exchange rates and policies, country or government specific issues, less favorable trading practices or regulation and greater price volatility. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations.
Management The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. The Fund's investment manager applies investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these decisions will produce the desired results.
Performance
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's performance from year to year for Class A shares. The table shows how the Fund's average annual returns for 1 year, 5 years, 10 years or since inception, as applicable, compared with those of a broad measure of market performance. The Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. You can obtain updated performance information at franklintempleton.com or by calling (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236.
Sales charges are not reflected in the bar chart, and if those charges were included, returns would be less than those shown.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
Best Quarter: | Q4'01 | 19.17% |
Worst Quarter: | Q1'01 | -25.99% |
As of June 30, 2011, the Fund's year-to-date return was 5.98% for Class A. |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
(figures reflect sales charges) |
For the periods ended December 31, 2010 |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund - Class A | |||
Return Before Taxes | 9.60% | 2.84% | 1.11% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | 9.60% | 2.78% | 1.09% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | 6.24% | 2.43% | 0.95% |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund - Class B | 11.44% | 2.94% | 1.11% |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund - Class C | 14.43% | 3.29% | 0.95% |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund - Class R | 16.01% | 3.80% | 1.46% |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund - Advisor Class | 16.58% | 4.33% | 1.88% |
S&P 500 ® Index (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 15.06% | 2.29% | 1.41% |
Russell 3000 ® Growth Index (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 17.64% | 3.88% | 0.30% |
Russell 1000 ® Growth Index (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 16.71% | 3.75% | 0.02% |
The secondary index in the table above shows how the Fund's performance compares to a group of securities that aligns more closely with the Fund's investment strategies.
Historical performance for Class R and Advisor Class shares prior to their inception is based on the performance of Class A shares. Class R and Advisor Class performance has been adjusted to reflect differences in sales charges and 12b-1 expenses (with respect to Class R only) between classes.
The after-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns are shown only for Class A and after-tax returns for other classes will vary.
Investment Manager
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers)
Portfolio Managers
CONRAD B. HERRMANN, CFA Senior Vice President of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since 1993.
MATTHEW J. MOBERG, CPA Vice President of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since 2000.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any business day online through our website at franklintempleton.com, by mail (Franklin Templeton Investor Services, P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151), or by telephone at (800) 632-2301. The minimum initial purchase for most accounts is $1,000 (or $50 under an automatic investment plan).
Taxes
The Funds distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and
Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial advisor or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund
Investment Goal
Capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
These tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts in Class A if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in Franklin Templeton funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and under Your Account on page 99 in the Fund's Prospectus and under Buying and Selling Shares on page 45 of the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
SHAREHOLDER FEES (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as percentage of offering price) | 5.75% | None | None | None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as percentage of the lower of original purchase price or sale proceeds) | None | 1.00% | None | None |
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES | (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
Class A | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Management fees | 0.75% | 0.75% | 0.75% | 0.75% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.21% | 1.00% | 0.50% | None |
Other expenses | 0.92% | 0.92% | 0.92% | 0.92% |
Acquired fund fees and expenses 1 | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 1.89% | 2.68% | 2.18% | 1.68% |
Fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement 2 | -0.78% | -0.78% | -0.78% | -0.78% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses after fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement 1 | 1.11% | 1.90% | 1.40% | 0.90% |
1. Total annual Fund operating expenses differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
2. The investment manager and administrator have contractually agreed to waive or assume certain expenses so that common expenses (excluding the Rule 12b-1 fees and acquired fund fees and expenses) for each class of the Fund do not exceed 0.89% (other than certain non-routine expenses), until August 31, 2012. The investment manager also has contractually agreed in advance to reduce its fee as a result of the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund (acquired fund) for at least the next 12-month period. Contractual fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement agreements may not be terminated during the terms set forth above.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of the period. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example reflects adjustments made to the Fund's operating expenses due to the fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement by the investment manager and/or administrator for the 1 Year numbers only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Class A | $ 682 | $ 1,063 | $ 1,469 | $ 2,600 |
Class C | $ 293 | $ 759 | $ 1,351 | $ 2,956 |
Class R | $ 143 | $ 607 | $ 1,098 | $ 2,453 |
Advisor Class | $ 92 | $ 453 | $ 839 | $ 1,923 |
If you do not sell your shares: | ||||
Class C | $ 193 | $ 759 | $ 1,351 | $ 2,956 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 63.80% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities. The Fund invests primarily to predominantly in equity securities of large capitalization companies, which are companies similar in size to those in the S&P 500 ® Index. The equity securities in which the Fund invests are primarily common stock.
The Fund generally seeks to maintain a portfolio consisting of securities of approximately 20-50 companies. Although the Fund seeks investments across a number of sectors, from time to time, based on economic conditions, the Fund may have significant positions in particular sectors such as information technology, financials and healthcare. The Fund also may invest up to a portion of its total assets in foreign securities.
The investment manager is a research-driven, bottom-up fundamental investor. The investment managers investment approach is opportunistic and contrarian, and it seeks to identify mis-priced companies using fundamental analysis. The investment manager seeks to take advantage of price dislocations that result from the markets short term focus and chooses to invest in those companies that, in its opinion, offer the best trade-off between growth opportunity, business and financial risk, and valuation.
Principal Risks
You could lose money by investing in the Fund. Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government.
Market The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up and down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. A securitys market value may be reduced by market activity or other results of supply and demand unrelated to the issuer. This is a basic risk associated with all securities. When there are more sellers than buyers, prices tend to fall. Likewise, when there are more buyers than sellers, prices tend to rise.
Generally, stocks have historically outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Focus To the extent that the Fund focuses on particular countries, regions, industries, sectors or types of investment from time to time, the Fund may be subject to greater risks of adverse developments in such areas of focus than a fund that invests in a wider variety of countries, regions, industries, sectors or investments.
Core Style Investing The Fund may have investments in both growth and value stocks, or in stocks with characteristics of both. Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. A value stock may not increase in price as anticipated by the investment manager if other investors fail to recognize the company's value and bid up the price, the markets favor faster-growing companies, or the factors that the investment manager believes will increase the price of the security do not occur. In addition, since the Fund has a fairly concentrated portfolio and invests in a relatively smaller number of companies, the Fund is subject to additional risks such as the risk that poor performance by several companies could adversely affect Fund performance more than would be the case for a fund that holds a larger number of companies.
Foreign Securities Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities, including risks related to currency exchange rates and policies, country or government specific issues, less favorable trading practices or regulation and greater price volatility. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations.
Management The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. The Fund's investment manager applies investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these decisions will produce the desired results.
Performance
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's performance from year to year for Class A shares. The table shows how the Fund's average annual returns for 1 year, 5 years, 10 years or since inception, as applicable, compared with those of a broad measure of market performance. The Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. You can obtain updated performance information at franklintempleton.com or by calling (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236.
Sales charges are not reflected in the bar chart, and if those charges were included, returns would be less than those shown.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
Best Quarter: | Q2'09 | 20.89% |
Worst Quarter: | Q4'08 | -26.92% |
As of June 30, 2011, the Fund's year-to-date return was 5.11% for Class A. |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
(figures reflect sales charges) |
For the periods ended December 31, 2010 |
1 Year |
Since Inception
12/13/2007 |
|
Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund - Class A | ||
Return Before Taxes | 7.69% | -2.47% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | 7.64% | -2.62% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | 5.05% | -2.16% |
Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund - Class C | 12.24% | -1.32% |
Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund - Class R | 13.78% | -0.86% |
Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund - Advisor Class | 14.38% | -0.33% |
S&P 500 ® Index (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 15.06% | -1.83% |
The after-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns are shown only for Class A and after-tax returns for other classes will vary.
Investment Manager
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers)
Portfolio Managers
STEVEN KORNFELD, CFA Portfolio Manager of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since inception (2007).
BRENT LODER Portfolio Manager of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since 2009.
BRETT CRAWFORD Portfolio Manager of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since April 2010.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any business day online through our website at franklintempleton.com, by mail (Franklin Templeton Investor Services, P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151), or by telephone at (800) 632-2301. The minimum initial purchase for most accounts is $1,000 (or $50 under an automatic investment plan).
Taxes
The Funds distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and
Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial advisor or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund
Investment Goal
Capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
These tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts in Class A if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in Franklin Templeton funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and under Your Account on page 99 in the Fund's Prospectus and under Buying and Selling Shares on page 45 of the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
SHAREHOLDER FEES (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class B 1 | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as percentage of offering price) | 5.75% | None | None | None | None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as percentage of the lower of original purchase price or sale proceeds) | None | 4.00% | 1.00% | None | None |
1. New or additional investments into Class B are no longer permitted.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES | (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Management fees | 0.50% | 0.50% | 0.50% | 0.50% | 0.50% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.30% | 0.99% | 1.00% | 0.50% | None |
Other expenses | 0.48% | 0.48% | 0.48% | 0.48% | 0.48% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 1.28% | 1.97% | 1.98% | 1.48% | 0.98% |
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of the period. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Class A | $ 698 | $ 958 | $ 1,237 | $ 2,031 |
Class B | $ 600 | $ 918 | $ 1,262 | $ 2,117 |
Class C | $ 301 | $ 621 | $ 1,068 | $ 2,306 |
Class R | $ 151 | $ 468 | $ 808 | $ 1,768 |
Advisor Class | $ 100 | $ 312 | $ 542 | $ 1,201 |
If you do not sell your shares: | ||||
Class B | $ 200 | $ 618 | $ 1,062 | $ 2,117 |
Class C | $ 201 | $ 621 | $ 1,068 | $ 2,306 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 69.74% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests substantially in equity securities of companies demonstrating accelerating growth, increasing profitability, or above-average growth or growth potential as compared with the overall economy. The equity securities in which the Fund invests are primarily common stock.
A significant to substantial portion of the Fund's investments may be in smaller and midsize companies. The Fund, from time to time, may have significant positions in particular sectors such as technology.
The investment manager uses fundamental, "bottom-up" research to seek companies meeting its criteria of growth potential, quality and valuation. In seeking sustainable growth characteristics, the investment manager looks for companies that it believes can produce sustainable earnings and cash flow growth, evaluating the long term market opportunity and competitive structure of an industry to target leaders and emerging leaders. In assessing value, the investment manager considers whether security prices fully reflect the balance of the sustainable growth opportunities relative to business and financial risks.
Principal Risks
You could lose money by investing in the Fund. Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government.
Market The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up and down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. A securitys market value may be reduced by market activity or other results of supply and demand unrelated to the issuer. This is a basic risk associated with all securities. When there are more sellers than buyers, prices tend to fall. Likewise, when there are more buyers than sellers, prices tend to rise.
Generally, stocks have historically outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Growth Style Investing Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Prices of these companies securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller and Midsize Companies Securities issued by smaller and midsize companies may be more volatile in price than those of larger companies, involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Such risks may include greater sensitivity to economic conditions, less certain growth prospects, lack of depth of management and funds for growth and development and limited or less developed product lines and markets. In addition, smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans.
Focus To the extent that the Fund focuses on particular countries, regions, industries, sectors or types of investment from time to time, the Fund may be subject to greater risks of adverse developments in such areas of focus than a fund that invests in a wider variety of countries, regions, industries, sectors or investments.
Management The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. The Fund's investment manager applies investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these decisions will produce the desired results.
Performance
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's performance from year to year for Class A shares. The table shows how the Fund's average annual returns for 1 year, 5 years, 10 years or since inception, as applicable, compared with those of a broad measure of market performance. The Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. You can obtain updated performance information at franklintempleton.com or by calling (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236.
Sales charges are not reflected in the bar chart, and if those charges were included, returns would be less than those shown.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
Best Quarter: | Q4'01 | 31.99% |
Worst Quarter: | Q3'01 | -31.24% |
As of June 30, 2011, the Fund's year-to-date return was 5.63% for Class A. |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
(figures reflect sales charges) |
For the periods ended December 31, 2010 |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund - Class A | |||
Return Before Taxes | 14.66% | 4.95% | 1.74% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | 14.66% | 4.95% | 1.74% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | 9.53% | 4.26% | 1.49% |
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund - Class B | 16.85% | 5.13% | 1.77% |
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund - Class C | 19.78% | 5.45% | 1.62% |
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund - Class R | 21.40% | 5.98% | 2.13% |
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund - Advisor Class | 22.08% | 6.51% | 2.64% |
S&P 500 ® Index (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 15.06% | 2.29% | 1.41% |
Russell 3000 ® Growth Index (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 17.64% | 3.88% | 0.30% |
The secondary index in the table above shows how the Fund's performance compares to a group of securities that aligns more closely with the Fund's investment strategies.
Historical performance for Class R shares prior to their inception is based on the performance of Class A shares. Class R performance has been adjusted to reflect differences in sales charges and 12b-1 expenses between classes.
The after-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns are shown only for Class A and after-tax returns for other classes will vary.
Investment Manager
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers)
Portfolio Managers
GRANT BOWERS Vice President of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since 2007.
CONRAD B. HERRMANN, CFA Senior Vice President of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since inception (1999).
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any business day online through our website at franklintempleton.com, by mail (Franklin Templeton Investor Services, P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151), or by telephone at (800) 632-2301. The minimum initial purchase for most accounts is $1,000 (or $50 under an automatic investment plan).
Taxes
The Funds distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and
Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial advisor or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund
Investment Goal
Long-term capital growth.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
These tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts in Class A if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in Franklin Templeton funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and under Your Account on page 99 in the Fund's Prospectus and under Buying and Selling Shares on page 45 of the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
SHAREHOLDER FEES (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class B 1 | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as percentage of offering price) | 5.75% | None | None | None | None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as percentage of the lower of original purchase price or sale proceeds) | None | 4.00% | 1.00% | None | None |
1. New or additional investments into Class B are no longer permitted.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES | (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Management fees | 0.55% | 0.55% | 0.55% | 0.55% | 0.55% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.30% | 1.00% | 1.00% | 0.50% | None |
Other expenses | 0.53% | 0.53% | 0.53% | 0.53% | 0.53% |
Acquired fund fees and expenses 1 | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 1.39% | 2.09% | 2.09% | 1.59% | 1.09% |
Fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement 2 | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses after fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement 1 | 1.38% | 2.08% | 2.08% | 1.58% | 1.08% |
1. Total annual Fund operating expenses differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
2. The investment manager has contractually agreed in advance to reduce its fee as a result of the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund (acquired fund) for at least the next 12-month period. Contractual fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement agreements may not be terminated during the term set forth above.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of the period. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example reflects adjustments made to the Fund's operating expenses due to the fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement by the investment manager and/or administrator for the 1 Year numbers only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Class A | $ 707 | $ 989 | $ 1,291 | $ 2,147 |
Class B | $ 611 | $ 954 | $ 1,323 | $ 2,242 |
Class C | $ 311 | $ 654 | $ 1,123 | $ 2,421 |
Class R | $ 161 | $ 501 | $ 865 | $ 1,889 |
Advisor Class | $ 110 | $ 346 | $ 600 | $ 1,328 |
If you do not sell your shares: | ||||
Class B | $ 211 | $ 654 | $ 1,123 | $ 2,242 |
Class C | $ 211 | $ 654 | $ 1,123 | $ 2,421 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 63.07% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in the equity securities of small cap companies. The equity securities in which the Fund invests are primarily common stock. For this Fund, small cap companies are companies with market capitalizations not exceeding (i) $1.5 billion or (ii) the highest market capitalization in the Russell 2000 ® Index, whichever is greater, at the time of purchase.
In addition to the Fund's main investments, the Fund may invest in equity securities of larger companies. The Fund, from time to time, may have significant positions in particular sectors such as information technology and healthcare.
The investment manager uses fundamental, "bottom-up" research to seek companies meeting its criteria of growth potential, quality and valuation. In seeking sustainable growth characteristics, the investment manager looks for companies that it believes can produce sustainable earnings and cash flow growth, evaluating the long term market opportunity and competitive structure of an industry to target leaders and emerging leaders. In assessing value, the investment manager considers whether security prices fully reflect the balance of the sustainable growth opportunities relative to business and financial risks.
Principal Risks
You could lose money by investing in the Fund. Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government.
Market The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up and down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. A securitys market value may be reduced by market activity or other results of supply and demand unrelated to the issuer. This is a basic risk associated with all securities. When there are more sellers than buyers, prices tend to fall. Likewise, when there are more buyers than sellers, prices tend to rise.
Generally, stocks have historically outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Smaller Companies Securities issued by smaller companies may be more volatile in price than those of larger companies, involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Such risks may include greater sensitivity to economic conditions, less certain growth prospects, lack of depth of management and funds for growth and development and limited or less developed product lines and markets. In addition, smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans.
Growth Style Investing Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Prices of these companies securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Focus To the extent that the Fund focuses on particular countries, regions, industries, sectors or types of investment from time to time, the Fund may be subject to greater risks of adverse developments in such areas of focus than a fund that invests in a wider variety of countries, regions, industries, sectors or investments.
Liquidity From time to time, the trading market for a particular security or type of security in which the Fund invests may become less liquid or even illiquid. Reduced liquidity will have an adverse impact on the Funds ability to sell such securities when necessary to meet the Funds liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event and will also generally lower the value of a debt security. Market prices for such securities may be volatile.
Management The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. The Fund's investment manager applies investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these decisions will produce the desired results.
Performance
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's performance from year to year for Class A shares. The table shows how the Fund's average annual returns for 1 year, 5 years, 10 years or since inception, as applicable, compared with those of a broad measure of market performance. The Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. You can obtain updated performance information at franklintempleton.com or by calling (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236.
Sales charges are not reflected in the bar chart, and if those charges were included, returns would be less than those shown.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
Best Quarter: | Q4'01 | 26.86% |
Worst Quarter: | Q3'01 | -25.98% |
As of June 30, 2011, the Fund's year-to-date return was 10.15% for Class A. |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
(figures reflect sales charges) |
For the periods ended December 31, 2010 |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund - Class A | |||
Return Before Taxes | 26.84% | 4.19% | 4.05% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | 26.84% | 3.19% | 3.55% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | 17.45% | 3.40% | 3.42% |
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund - Class B | 29.38% | 4.33% | 4.05% |
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund - Class C | 32.46% | 4.65% | 3.91% |
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund - Class R | 34.20% | 5.20% | 4.44% |
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund - Advisor Class | 34.99% | 5.72% | 4.97% |
S&P 500 ® Index (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 15.06% | 2.29% | 1.41% |
Russell 2000 ® Growth Index (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 29.09% | 5.30% | 3.78% |
The secondary index in the table above shows how the Fund's performance compares to a group of securities that aligns more closely with the Fund's investment strategies.
Historical performance for Class R shares prior to their inception is based on the performance of Class A shares. Class R performance has been adjusted to reflect differences in sales charges and 12b-1 expenses between classes.
The after-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns are shown only for Class A and after-tax returns for other classes will vary.
Investment Manager
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers)
Portfolio Managers
MICHAEL MCCARTHY Senior Vice President of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since inception (2000).
BRAD CARRIS Portfolio Manager of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since 2004.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any business day online through our website at franklintempleton.com, by mail (Franklin Templeton Investor Services, P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151), or by telephone at (800) 632-2301. The minimum initial purchase for most accounts is $1,000 (or $50 under an automatic investment plan).
Taxes
The Funds distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and
Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial advisor or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund
Investment Goal
Long-term capital growth.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
These tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts in Class A if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in Franklin Templeton funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and under Your Account on page 99 in the Fund's Prospectus and under Buying and Selling Shares on page 45 of the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
SHAREHOLDER FEES (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class B 1 | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as percentage of offering price) | 5.75% | None | None | None | None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as percentage of the lower of original purchase price or sale proceeds) | None | 4.00% | 1.00% | None | None |
1. New or additional investments into Class B are no longer permitted.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES | (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Management fees | 0.46% | 0.46% | 0.46% | 0.46% | 0.46% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.25% | 1.00% | 1.00% | 0.50% | None |
Other expenses | 0.29% | 0.29% | 0.29% | 0.29% | 0.29% |
Acquired fund fees and expenses 1 | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 1.01% | 1.76% | 1.76% | 1.26% | 0.76% |
Fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement 2 | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses after fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement 1 | 1.00% | 1.75% | 1.75% | 1.25% | 0.75% |
1. Total annual Fund operating expenses differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
2. The investment manager has contractually agreed in advance to reduce its fee as a result of the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund (acquired fund) for at least the next 12-month period. Contractual fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement agreements may not be terminated during the term set forth above.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of the period. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example reflects adjustments made to the Fund's operating expenses due to the fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement by the investment manager and/or administrator for the 1 Year numbers only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Class A | $ 671 | $ 877 | $ 1,100 | $ 1,740 |
Class B | $ 578 | $ 853 | $ 1,153 | $ 1,875 |
Class C | $ 278 | $ 553 | $ 953 | $ 2,073 |
Class R | $ 127 | $ 399 | $ 691 | $ 1,522 |
Advisor Class | $ 77 | $ 242 | $ 421 | $ 942 |
If you do not sell your shares: | ||||
Class B | $ 178 | $ 553 | $ 953 | $ 1,875 |
Class C | $ 178 | $ 553 | $ 953 | $ 2,073 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 44.42% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in the equity securities of small-capitalization (small-cap) and mid-capitalization (mid-cap) companies. For this Fund, small-cap companies are companies within the market capitalization range of companies in the Russell 2500 Index, at the time of purchase, and mid-cap companies are companies within the market capitalization range of companies in the Russell Midcap ® Index, at the time of purchase. Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests predominantly in equity securities, primarily in common stock.
The Fund, from time to time, may have significant positions in particular sectors such as technology (including health care technology, technology services and electronic technology), industrials and health care.
The investment manager uses fundamental, "bottom-up" research to seek companies meeting its criteria of growth potential, quality and valuation. In seeking sustainable growth characteristics, the investment manager looks for companies that it believes can produce sustainable earnings and cash flow growth, evaluating the long term market opportunity and competitive structure of an industry to target leaders and emerging leaders. In assessing value, the investment manager considers whether security prices fully reflect the balance of the sustainable growth opportunities relative to business and financial risks.
Principal Risks
You could lose money by investing in the Fund. Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government.
Market The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up and down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. A securitys market value may be reduced by market activity or other results of supply and demand unrelated to the issuer. This is a basic risk associated with all securities. When there are more sellers than buyers, prices tend to fall. Likewise, when there are more buyers than sellers, prices tend to rise.
Generally, stocks have historically outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Growth Style Investing Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Prices of these companies securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller and Midsize Companies Securities issued by smaller and midsize companies may be more volatile in price than those of larger companies, involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Such risks may include greater sensitivity to economic conditions, less certain growth prospects, lack of depth of management and funds for growth and development and limited or less developed product lines and markets. In addition, smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans.
Focus To the extent that the Fund focuses on particular countries, regions, industries, sectors or types of investment from time to time, the Fund may be subject to greater risks of adverse developments in such areas of focus than a fund that invests in a wider variety of countries, regions, industries, sectors or investments.
Liquidity From time to time, the trading market for a particular security or type of security in which the Fund invests may become less liquid or even illiquid. Reduced liquidity will have an adverse impact on the Funds ability to sell such securities when necessary to meet the Funds liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event and will also generally lower the value of a debt security. Market prices for such securities may be volatile.
Management The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. The Fund's investment manager applies investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these decisions will produce the desired results.
Performance
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's performance from year to year for Class A shares. The table shows how the Fund's average annual returns for 1 year, 5 years, 10 years or since inception, as applicable, compared with those of a broad measure of market performance. The Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. You can obtain updated performance information at franklintempleton.com or by calling (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236.
Sales charges are not reflected in the bar chart, and if those charges were included, returns would be less than those shown.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
Best Quarter: | Q4'01 | 24.68% |
Worst Quarter: | Q4'08 | -26.27% |
As of June 30, 2011, the Fund's year-to-date return was 7.80% for Class A. |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
(figures reflect sales charges) |
For the periods ended December 31, 2010 |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund - Class A | |||
Return Before Taxes | 21.06% | 3.65% | 1.42% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | 21.06% | 2.92% | 1.05% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | 13.69% | 3.08% | 1.18% |
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund - Class B | 23.48% | 3.78% | 7.53% 1 |
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund - Class C | 26.47% | 4.11% | 1.27% |
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund - Class R | 28.14% | 4.62% | 1.77% |
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund - Advisor Class | 28.76% | 5.15% | 2.28% |
S&P 500 ® Index (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 15.06% | 2.29% | 1.41% |
Russell Midcap ® Growth Index (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 26.38% | 4.88% | 3.12% |
1. Since inception July 1, 2002.
The secondary index in the table above shows how the Fund's performance compares to a group of securities that aligns more closely with the Fund's investment strategies.
Historical performance for Class R shares prior to their inception is based on the performance of Class A shares. Class R performance has been adjusted to reflect differences in sales charges and 12b-1 expenses between classes.
The after-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns are shown only for Class A and after-tax returns for other classes will vary.
Investment Manager
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers)
Portfolio Managers
EDWARD B. JAMIESON President, Chief Investment Officer and Director of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since inception (1992).
MICHAEL MCCARTHY Senior Vice President of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since 1993.
JAMES CROSS Portfolio Manager of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since 2005.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any business day online through our website at franklintempleton.com, by mail (Franklin Templeton Investor Services, P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151), or by telephone at (800) 632-2301. The minimum initial purchase for most accounts is $1,000 (or $50 under an automatic investment plan).
Taxes
The Funds distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and
Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial advisor or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
FUND DETAILS
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund
Investment Goal
The Fund's investment goal is capital appreciation.
Principal Investment Policies and Practices
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests predominantly in equity securities of companies that the investment manager believes have the potential for capital appreciation. The equity securities in which the Fund invests are primarily to predominantly common stock.
The Fund has the flexibility to invest in companies located, headquartered, or operating inside and outside the United States, across the entire market capitalization spectrum from small, emerging growth companies to well-established, large-cap companies. A significant to substantial portion of the Fund's investments may be in smaller and mid-size companies.
An equity security represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the company's business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets, and general market conditions. Common stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities.
When suitable opportunities are available, the Fund may invest in initial public offerings of securities.
In evaluating sector (broad industry) weightings in the Fund's investment portfolio, the manager considers, but may deviate from, the relative weightings of sectors in the Russell 3000 ® Growth Index. Consequently, the Fund, from time to time, may have significant positions in particular sectors such as technology (including electronic technology, technology services, biotechnology and health care technology) and industrials.
Portfolio Selection
The investment manager uses fundamental, "bottom-up" research to seek companies meeting its criteria of growth potential, quality and valuation. In seeking sustainable growth characteristics, the investment manager looks for companies it believes can produce sustainable earnings and cash flow growth, evaluating the long-term market opportunity and competitive structure of an industry to target leaders and emerging leaders. The investment manager defines quality companies as those with strong and improving competitive positions in attractive markets. The investment manager also believes important attributes of quality are experienced and talented management teams as well as financial strength reflected in the capital structure, gross and operating margins, free cash flow generation and returns on capital employed. The investment managers valuation analysis includes a range of potential outcomes based on an assessment of multiple scenarios. In assessing value, the investment manager considers whether security prices fully reflect the balance of the sustainable growth opportunities relative to business and financial risks.
Temporary Investments
When the investment manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the investment manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term U.S. government securities, money market fund shares (including shares of an affiliated money market fund), high-grade commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements and other money market instruments. The investment manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goal.
Principal Risks
Market
The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting individual issuers, securities markets generally or particular industries or sectors within the securities markets. The value of a security may go up or down due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular issuer, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for revenues or corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also go up or down due to factors that affect an individual issuer or a particular industry or sector, such as changes in production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value. When markets perform well, there can be no assurance that the Fund's securities will participate in or otherwise benefit from the advance.
Generally, stocks have historically outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Growth Style Investing
Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Growth stocks may be more expensive relative to their current earnings or assets compared to value or other stocks, and if earnings growth expectations moderate, their valuations may return to more typical norms, causing their stock prices to fall. Prices of these companies securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller and Midsize Companies
While smaller and midsize companies may offer substantial opportunities for capital growth, they also involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Historically, smaller and midsize company securities have been more volatile in price than larger company securities, especially over the short term. Among the reasons for the greater price volatility are the less certain growth prospects of smaller and midsize companies, the lower degree of liquidity in the markets for such securities, and the greater sensitivity of smaller and midsize companies to changing economic conditions.
In addition, smaller and midsize companies may lack depth of management, be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or development, have limited product lines or be developing or marketing new products or services for which markets are not yet established and may never become established. Smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans which are floating rate.
Focus
The greater the Fund's exposure to any single type of investment including investment in a given industry, sector, region, country, issuer, or type of security the greater the losses the Fund may experience upon any single economic, business, political, regulatory, or other occurrence. As a result, there may be more fluctuation in the price of the Fund's shares.
Technology company stocks can be subject to abrupt or erratic price movements, especially over the short term, due to the rapid pace of product change and development affecting such companies. Technology companies are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as new market entrants, aggressive pricing, and tight profit margins. Prices of technology company stocks often change collectively without regard to the merits of individual companies. Electronic technology and technology services companies face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. The biotechnology and health technology industries are subject to extensive government regulation. These industries will be affected by government regulatory requirements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical products, patent considerations, product liability, and similar matters. For example, in the past several years, the U.S. Congress has considered legislation concerning health care reform and changes to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval process, which would, if enacted, affect the biotechnology and health technology industries.
The stock prices of companies in the industrials sector are affected by supply and demand both for their specific product or service and for industrials sector products in general. Companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by changes in government regulation, world events and economic conditions. In addition, these companies are at risk for environmental damage and product liability claims. Companies in this sector could be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates, imposition of export or import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources, technological developments and labor relations.
Foreign Securities
Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations. These risks can increase the potential for investment loss in the Fund and may include, among others, currency risks (such as fluctuations in currency exchange rates and currency devaluations); country risks (such as political, diplomatic, or regional conflicts, terrorism or war, social and economic instability, and policies limiting or restricting foreign investment or the movement of assets); and risks associated with the state of a country's financial markets and legal institutions. Other foreign securities risks may include unfavorable trading, settlement or custodial practices, less government supervision, less publicly available information, less stringent investor protection standards, limited legal redress for violations of law, limited trading markets and greater illiquidity and greater price volatility.
The risks of investing in foreign securities typically are greater in less developed or emerging market countries.
Initial Public Offerings
Initial public offerings (IPOs) of securities issued by unseasoned companies with little or no operating history are risky and their prices are highly volatile, but they can result in very large gains in their initial trading. Attractive IPOs are often oversubscribed and may not be available to the Fund, or may be available only in very limited quantities. Thus, when the Fund's size is smaller, any gains from IPOs will have an exaggerated impact on the Fund's performance than when the Fund is larger. Although IPO investments have had a positive impact on the Fund's performance in the past, there can be no assurance that the Fund will have favorable IPO investment opportunities in the future.
Management
The Fund is actively managed and could experience losses if the investment manager's judgment about markets, interest rates or the attractiveness, relative values, liquidity, or potential appreciation of particular investments made for the Fund's portfolio prove to be incorrect. There can be no guarantee that these techniques or the investment manager's investment decisions will produce the desired results. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the investment techniques available to the investment manager in connection with managing the Fund and may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment goal.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage, as of July 31, 2011, over $747 billion in assets, and have been in the investment management business since 1947.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals focused on investments in equity securities of companies demonstrating accelerating growth, increasing profitability, or above average growth or growth potential as compared with the overall economy. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
CONRAD B. HERRMANN, CFA Senior Vice President of Advisers
Mr. Herrmann has been the lead portfolio manager of the Fund since 1993. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund. He has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1989.
MATTHEW J. MOBERG, CPA Vice President of Advisers
Mr. Moberg has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2000, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1998.
CFA ® and Chartered Financial Analyst ® are trademarks owned by CFA Institute.
The Funds SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisers a fee for managing the Fund's assets. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, Advisers agreed to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund. However, this fee reduction was less than 0.01% of the Fund's average net assets. The management fees before and after such waiver for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were 0.45%.
Special Servicing Agreement
Effective May 1, 2009, the Fund, which is an underlying investment fund of one or more funds of Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series Funds (the "Allocator Funds"), entered into a Special Servicing Agreement with the Allocator Funds and certain service providers of the Fund and the Allocator Funds, pursuant to which the Fund may pay a portion of the Allocator Funds' expenses, including transfer agency and shareholder servicing costs, to the extent such payments are less than the amount of the benefits realized or expected to be realized by the Fund from the investment in the Fund by the Allocator Funds.
Financial Highlights
The Financial Highlights present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since its inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 43.55 | $ 32.46 | $ 45.77 | $ 45.15 | $ 42.45 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.11 | -0.06 | -0.03 | -0.05 | 0.06 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 8.98 | 11.15 | -13.28 | 1.43 | 2.70 |
Total from investment operations | 8.87 | 11.09 | -13.31 | 1.38 | 2.76 |
Less distributions from: | |||||
Net investment income | | | | -0.02 | -0.06 |
Net realized gains | | | | -0.74 | |
Total distributions | | | | -0.76 | -0.06 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 52.42 | $ 43.55 | $ 32.46 | $ 45.77 | $ 45.15 |
Total return e | 20.37% | 34.17% | -29.08% | 2.98% | 6.50% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 0.98% | 1.01% | 1.00% | 0.94% | 0.96% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 0.98% | 0.99% f | 1.00% f | 0.93% f | 0.96% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.23% | -0.16% | -0.08% | -0.10% | 0.15% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 2,233,642 | $ 1,899,703 | $ 1,370,025 | $ 2,011,348 | $ 1,977,605 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 51.32% | 47.70% | 35.95% | 36.70% | 62.54% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS B | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 40.00 | $ 30.04 | $ 42.66 | $ 42.43 | $ 40.14 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.39 | -0.31 | -0.29 | -0.37 | -0.23 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 8.17 | 10.27 | -12.33 | 1.34 | 2.52 |
Total from investment operations | 7.78 | 9.96 | -12.62 | 0.97 | 2.29 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | | | | -0.74 | |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 47.78 | $ 40.00 | $ 30.04 | $ 42.66 | $ 42.43 |
Total return e | 19.45% | 33.16% | -29.58% | 2.19% | 5.71% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.73% | 1.75% | 1.75% | 1.69% | 1.71% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.73% | 1.73% f | 1.75% f | 1.68% f | 1.71% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.98% | -0.90% | -0.83% | -0.85% | -0.60% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 23,217 | $ 36,922 | $ 42,485 | $ 95,600 | $ 118,806 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 51.32% | 47.70% | 35.95% | 36.70% | 62.54% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS C | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 40.08 | $ 30.10 | $ 42.76 | $ 42.52 | $ 40.22 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.41 | -0.32 | -0.28 | -0.37 | -0.23 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 8.21 | 10.30 | -12.38 | 1.35 | 2.53 |
Total from investment operations | 7.80 | 9.98 | -12.66 | 0.98 | 2.30 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | | | | -0.74 | |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 47.88 | $ 40.08 | $ 30.10 | $ 42.76 | $ 42.52 |
Total return e | 19.46% | 33.16% | -29.61% | 2.21% | 5.72% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.73% | 1.76% | 1.74% | 1.69% | 1.69% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.73% | 1.74% f | 1.74% f | 1.68% f | 1.69% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.98% | -0.91% | -0.82% | -0.85% | -0.58% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 352,282 | $ 315,013 | $ 243,308 | $ 375,822 | $ 371,164 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 51.32% | 47.70% | 35.95% | 36.70% | 62.54% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS R | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 42.70 | $ 31.91 | $ 45.10 | $ 44.61 | $ 42.01 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.21 | -0.16 | -0.12 | -0.16 | -0.04 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 8.78 | 10.95 | -13.07 | 1.41 | 2.66 |
Total from investment operations | 8.57 | 10.79 | -13.19 | 1.25 | 2.62 |
Less distributions from: | |||||
Net investment income | | | | -0.02 | -0.02 |
Net realized gains | | | | -0.74 | |
Total distributions | | | | -0.76 | -0.02 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 51.27 | $ 42.70 | $ 31.91 | $ 45.10 | $ 44.61 |
Total return e | 20.07% | 33.81% | -29.25% | 2.73% | 6.25% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.23% | 1.26% | 1.25% | 1.19% | 1.21% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.23% | 1.24% f | 1.25% f | 1.18% f | 1.21% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.48% | -0.41% | -0.33% | -0.35% | -0.10% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 72,532 | $ 60,904 | $ 43,940 | $ 66,250 | $ 81,398 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 51.32% | 47.70% | 35.95% | 36.70% | 62.54% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
ADVISOR CLASS | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 44.14 | $ 32.82 | $ 46.15 | $ 45.41 | $ 42.63 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income b | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.16 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 9.11 | 11.28 | -13.40 | 1.43 | 2.71 |
Total from investment operations | 9.12 | 11.32 | -13.33 | 1.50 | 2.87 |
Less distributions from: | |||||
Net investment income | | | | -0.02 | -0.09 |
Net realized gains | | | | -0.74 | |
Total distributions | | | | -0.76 | -0.09 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 53.26 | $ 44.14 | $ 32.82 | $ 46.15 | $ 45.41 |
Total return | 20.66% | 34.49% | -28.88% | 3.23% | 6.77% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 0.73% | 0.76% | 0.75% | 0.69% | 0.71% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 0.73% | 0.74% e | 0.75% e | 0.68% e | 0.71% e |
Net investment income | 0.02% | 0.09% | 0.17% | 0.15% | 0.40% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 1,233,168 | $ 856,298 | $ 364,798 | $ 348,245 | $ 297,856 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 51.32% | 47.70% | 35.95% | 36.70% | 62.54% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund
Investment Goal
The Fund's investment goal is capital appreciation. The Fund's investment goal is non-fundamental and therefore may be changed by the Fund's board of trustees without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days' advance notice of any change to the Fund's investment goal.
Principal Investment Policies and Practices
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days advance notice of any change to the 80% policy. The Fund invests primarily to predominantly in equity securities of large capitalization companies, which are companies similar in size to those in the S&P 500 ® Index. That index consists of 500 leading companies in leading industries of the U.S. economy, with a market capitalization in excess of $4 billion as of June 30, 2011. The equity securities in which the Fund invests are primarily common stock.
The Fund generally seeks to maintain a portfolio consisting of securities of approximately 20-50 companies. Although the Fund seeks investments across a number of sectors, from time to time, based on economic conditions, the Fund may have significant positions in particular sectors such as information technology, financials and healthcare. The Fund also may invest up to a portion of its total assets in foreign securities and a portion of its total assets in convertible securities.
An equity security represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the company's business and the value of its assets, as well as general market conditions. Common stocks, preferred stocks and convertible securities are examples of equity securities. Convertible securities generally are debt securities or preferred stock that may be converted into common stock after certain time periods or under certain circumstances. The Fund may invest in convertible securities without regard to the ratings assigned by the rating services.
Portfolio Selection
The investment manager is a research-driven, bottom-up fundamental investor. The investment managers investment approach is opportunistic and contrarian, and it seeks to identify mis-priced companies using fundamental analysis. The investment manager seeks to take advantage of price dislocations that result from the markets short term focus. Its analysis includes the investigation of the valuation for each investment based upon the view that the price paid for the security is a critical factor determining long-term success. The investment manager relies on a team of analysts to help provide in-depth industry expertise and use both qualitative and quantitative analysis to evaluate companies. The analysts identify each companys market opportunity, competitive position, management and financial strength, business and financial risks, and valuation. The investment manager chooses to invest in those companies that, in its opinion, offer the best trade-off between growth opportunity, business and financial risk, and valuation.
Temporary Investments
When the investment manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the investment manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term U.S. government securities, high grade commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements, money market fund shares (including shares of an affiliated money market fund) and other money market instruments. The investment manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goal.
Principal Risks
Market
The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting individual issuers, securities markets generally or particular industries or sectors within the securities markets. The value of a security may go up or down due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular issuer, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for revenues or corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also go up or down due to factors that affect an individual issuer or a particular industry or sector, such as changes in production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value. When markets perform well, there can be no assurance that the Fund's securities will participate in or otherwise benefit from the advance.
Generally, stocks have historically outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Focus
The greater the Fund's exposure to any single type of investment including investment in a given industry, sector, region, country, issuer, or type of security the greater the losses the Fund may experience upon any single economic, business, political, regulatory, or other occurrence. As a result, there may be more fluctuation in the price of the Fund's shares.
Core Style Investing
The Fund may have investments in both growth and value stocks, or in stocks with characteristics of both. Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Value stock prices are considered "cheap" relative to the company's perceived value and are often out of favor with other investors. However, if other investors fail to recognize the company's value (and do not become buyers, or become sellers), or favor investing in faster-growing companies, value stocks may not increase in value as anticipated by the investment manager or may decline even further.
There is additional risk with this Fund because it has a fairly concentrated portfolio and invests in a relatively smaller number of companies. Thus, for example, poor performance by several Fund holdings could adversely affect Fund performance more than a fund that holds a larger number of companies.
Foreign Securities
Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations.
Currency exchange rates. Foreign securities may be issued and traded in foreign currencies. As a result, their market values in U.S. dollars may be affected by changes in exchange rates between such foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar, as well as between currencies of countries other than the U.S. For example, if the value of the U.S. dollar goes up compared to a foreign currency, an investment traded in that foreign currency will go down in value because it will be worth fewer U.S. dollars. The Fund accrues additional expenses when engaging in currency exchange transactions, and valuation of the Fund's foreign securities may be subject to greater risk because both the currency (relative to the U.S. dollar) and the security must be considered.
Political and economic developments. The political, economic and social structures of some foreign countries may be less stable and more volatile than those in the U.S. Investments in these countries may be subject to greater risks of internal and external conflicts, expropriation, nationalization of assets, foreign exchange controls (such as suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a given country), restrictions on removal of assets, political or social instability, military action or unrest, diplomatic developments, currency devaluations, foreign ownership limitations, and punitive or confiscatory tax increases. It is possible that a government may take over the assets or operations of a company or impose restrictions on the exchange or export of currency or other assets. Some countries also may have different legal systems that may make it difficult for the Fund to vote proxies, exercise shareholder rights, and pursue legal remedies with respect to its foreign investments. Diplomatic and political developments, including rapid and adverse political changes, social instability, regional conflicts, terrorism and war, could affect the economies, industries and securities and currency markets, and the value of the Fund's investments, in non-U.S. countries. These factors are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to predict and take into account with respect to the Fund's investments.
Trading practices. Brokerage commissions, withholding taxes, custodial fees, and other fees generally are higher in foreign markets. The policies and procedures followed by foreign stock exchanges, currency markets, trading systems and brokers may differ from those applicable in the U.S. with possibly negative consequences to the Fund. The procedures and rules governing foreign trading, settlement and custody (holding of the Fund's assets) also may result in losses or delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or other property. Foreign government supervision and regulation of foreign securities markets and trading systems may be less than or different from government supervision in the U.S. and may increase the Fund's regulatory and compliance burden and/or decrease the Fund's investor rights and protections.
Availability of information. Foreign issuers may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. issuers. Thus, there may be less information publicly available about foreign issuers than about most U.S. issuers.
Limited markets. Certain foreign securities may be less liquid (harder to sell) and their prices may be more volatile than many U.S. securities. Illiquidity tends to be greater, and valuation of the Fund's foreign securities may be more difficult, due to the infrequent trading and/or delayed reporting of quotes and sales.
Regional. Adverse conditions in a certain region can adversely affect securities of issuers in other countries whose economies appear to be unrelated. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a specific geographic region, the Fund will generally have more exposure to regional economic risks. In the event of economic or political turmoil or a deterioration of diplomatic relations in a region or country where a substantial portion of the Fund's assets are invested, the Fund may experience substantial illiquidity.
Convertible Securities
A convertible security is generally a debt obligation, preferred stock or other security that pays interest or dividends and may be converted by the holder within a specified period of time into common stock. The value of convertible securities may rise and fall with the market value of the underlying stock or, like a debt security, vary with changes in interest rates and the credit quality of the issuer. A convertible security tends to perform more like a stock when the underlying stock price is high relative to the conversion price (because more of the security's value resides in the option to convert) and more like a debt security when the underlying stock price is low relative to the conversion price (because the option to convert is less valuable). Because its value can be influenced by many different factors, a convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar non-convertible debt security, and generally has less potential for gain or loss than the underlying stock.
Management
The Fund is actively managed and could experience losses if the investment manager's judgment about markets, interest rates or the attractiveness, relative values, liquidity, or potential appreciation of particular investments made for the Fund's portfolio prove to be incorrect. There can be no guarantee that these techniques or the investment manager's investment decisions will produce the desired results. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the investment techniques available to the investment manager in connection with managing the Fund and may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment goal.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage, as of July 31, 2011, over $747 billion in assets, and have been in the investment management business since 1947.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
STEVEN KORNFELD, CFA Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Mr. Kornfeld has been the lead portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund. He has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 2001.
BRENT LODER Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Mr. Loder has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2009, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 2006.
BRETT CRAWFORD Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Mr. Crawford has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since April 2010, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 2005.
CFA ® and Chartered Financial Analyst ® are trademarks owned by CFA Institute.
The Funds SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisers a fee for managing the Funds assets. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, Advisers agreed to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Funds investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund. In addition, Advisers has agreed to waive or limit its fees and to assume as its own certain expenses otherwise payable by the Fund so that common expenses (i.e., a combination of investment management fees, administration fees, and other expenses, but excluding the Rule 12b-1 fees and acquired fund fees and expenses) for each class of the Fund do not exceed 0.89% (other than certain non-routine expenses or costs, including those relating to litigation, indemnification, reorganizations and liquidations) until August 31, 2012. The management fees before and after such waiver for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were 0.75% and 0.17%, respectively.
Special Servicing Agreement
Effective May 1, 2009, the Fund, which is an underlying investment fund of one or more funds of Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series Funds (the "Allocator Funds"), entered into a Special Servicing Agreement with the Allocator Funds and certain service providers of the Fund and the Allocator Funds, pursuant to which the Fund may pay a portion of the Allocator Funds' expenses, including transfer agency and shareholder servicing costs, to the extent such payments are less than the amount of the benefits realized or expected to be realized by the Fund from the investment in the Fund by the Allocator Funds.
Financial Highlights
The Financial Highlights present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since its inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | |||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 a | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 9.03 | $ 6.27 | $ 8.69 | $ 10.00 |
Income from investment operations: b | ||||
Net investment income c | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.03 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 1.29 | 2.74 | -2.36 | -1.34 |
Total from investment operations | 1.35 | 2.76 | -2.30 | -1.31 |
Less distributions from: | ||||
Net investment income | -0.03 | d | -0.10 | |
Net realized gains | | | -0.02 | |
Total distributions | -0.03 | d | -0.12 | |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 10.35 | $ 9.03 | $ 6.27 | $ 8.69 |
Total return e | 14.92% | 44.05% | -26.07% | -13.10% |
Ratios to average net assets f | ||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.87% | 2.04% | 3.99% | 5.48% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.10% | 1.09% g | 1.17% g | 1.22% |
Net investment income | 0.61% | 0.21% | 0.91% | 0.91% |
Supplemental data | ||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 14,481 | $ 10,974 | $ 4,889 | $ 4,652 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 63.80% | 42.73% | 83.29% | 35.64% |
a. For the period December 13, 2007 (commencement of operations) to April 30, 2008.
b. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
c. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable, and is not annualized for periods less than one year.
f. Ratios are annualized for periods less than one year.
g. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS C | Year Ended April 30, | |||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 a | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 8.90 | $ 6.24 | $ 8.67 | $ 10.00 |
Income from investment operations: b | ||||
Net investment income (loss) c | -0.01 | -0.05 | d | 0.01 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 1.25 | 2.71 | -2.33 | -1.34 |
Total from investment operations | 1.24 | 2.66 | -2.33 | -1.33 |
Less distributions from: | ||||
Net investment income | | d | -0.08 | |
Net realized gains | | | -0.02 | |
Total distributions | | d | -0.10 | |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 10.14 | $ 8.90 | $ 6.24 | $ 8.67 |
Total return e | 13.93% | 42.65% | -26.56% | -13.30% |
Ratios to average net assets f | ||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 2.66% | 2.84% | 4.67% | 6.11% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.89% | 1.89% g | 1.85% g | 1.85% |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.18% | -0.59% | 0.23% | 0.28% |
Supplemental data | ||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 2,095 | $ 1,853 | $ 106 | $ 41 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 63.80% | 42.73% | 83.29% | 35.64% |
a. For the period December 13, 2007 (commencement of operations) to April 30, 2008.
b. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
c. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable, and is not annualized for periods less than one year.
f. Ratios are annualized for periods less than one year.
g. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS R | Year Ended April 30, | |||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 a | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 9.00 | $ 6.27 | $ 8.68 | $ 10.00 |
Income from investment operations: b | ||||
Net investment income (loss) c | 0.03 | -0.01 | 0.05 | 0.03 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 1.28 | 2.74 | -2.36 | -1.35 |
Total from investment operations | 1.31 | 2.73 | -2.31 | -1.32 |
Less distributions from: | ||||
Net investment income | -0.01 | | -0.08 | |
Net realized gains | | | -0.02 | |
Total distributions | -0.01 | | -0.10 | |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 10.30 | $ 9.00 | $ 6.27 | $ 8.68 |
Total return d | 14.51% | 43.54% | -26.30% | -13.20% |
Ratios to average net assets e | ||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 2.16% | 2.34% | 4.21% | 5.65% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.39% | 1.39% f | 1.39% f | 1.39% |
Net investment income (loss) | 0.32% | -0.09% | 0.69% | 0.74% |
Supplemental data | ||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 27 | $ 21 | $ 6 | $ 9 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 63.80% | 42.73% | 83.29% | 35.64% |
a. For the period December 13, 2007 (commencement of operations) to April 30, 2008.
b. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
c. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
d. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable, and is not annualized for periods less than one year.
e. Ratios are annualized for periods less than one year.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
ADVISOR CLASS | Year Ended April 30, | |||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 a | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 9.06 | $ 6.28 | $ 8.70 | $ 10.00 |
Income from investment operations: b | ||||
Net investment income c | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 1.28 | 2.74 | -2.37 | -1.34 |
Total from investment operations | 1.36 | 2.78 | -2.29 | -1.30 |
Less distributions from: | ||||
Net investment income | -0.05 | d | -0.11 | |
Net realized gains | | | -0.02 | |
Total distributions | -0.05 | d | -0.13 | |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 10.37 | $ 9.06 | $ 6.28 | $ 8.70 |
Total return e | 15.08% | 44.34% | -25.93% | -13.00% |
Ratios to average net assets f | ||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.66% | 1.84% | 3.71% | 5.15% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 0.89% | 0.89% g | 0.89% g | 0.89% |
Net investment income | 0.82% | 0.41% | 1.19% | 1.24% |
Supplemental data | ||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 1,966 | $ 1,182 | $ 167 | $ 171 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 63.80% | 42.73% | 83.29% | 35.64% |
a. For the period December 13, 2007 (commencement of operations) to April 30, 2008.
b. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
c. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return is not annualized for periods less than one year.
f. Ratios are annualized for periods less than one year.
g. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund
Investment Goal
The Fund's investment goal is capital appreciation.
Principal Investment Policies and Practices
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests substantially in equity securities of companies demonstrating accelerating growth, increasing profitability, or above-average growth or growth potential as compared with the overall economy. The equity securities in which the Fund invests are primarily common stock.
An equity security represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the company's business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets, and general market conditions. Common stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities.
A significant to substantial portion of the Fund's investments may be in smaller and midsize companies. In addition, a small portion of the Fund's assets may be invested in foreign securities.
The Fund, from time to time, may have significant positions in particular sectors such as technology.
Portfolio Selection
The investment manager uses fundamental, "bottom-up" research to seek companies meeting its criteria of growth potential, quality and valuation. In seeking sustainable growth characteristics, the investment manager looks for companies it believes can produce sustainable earnings and cash flow growth, evaluating the long-term market opportunity and competitive structure of an industry to target leaders and emerging leaders. The investment manager defines quality companies as those with strong and improving competitive positions in attractive markets. The investment manager also believes important attributes of quality are experienced and talented management teams as well as financial strength reflected in the capital structure, gross and operating margins, free cash flow generation and returns on capital employed. The investment managers valuation analysis includes a range of potential outcomes based on an assessment of multiple scenarios. In assessing value, the investment manager considers whether security prices fully reflect the balance of the sustainable growth opportunities relative to business and financial risks.
Temporary Investments
When the investment manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the investment manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term U.S. government securities, money market fund shares (including shares of an affiliated money market fund), high-grade commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements and other money market instruments. The investment manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goal.
Principal Risks
Market
The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting individual issuers, securities markets generally or particular industries or sectors within the securities markets. The value of a security may go up or down due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular issuer, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for revenues or corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also go up or down due to factors that affect an individual issuer or a particular industry or sector, such as changes in production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value. When markets perform well, there can be no assurance that the Fund's securities will participate in or otherwise benefit from the advance.
Generally, stocks have historically outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Growth Style Investing
Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Growth stocks may be more expensive relative to their current earnings or assets compared to value or other stocks, and if earnings growth expectations moderate, their valuations may return to more typical norms, causing their stock prices to fall. Prices of these companies securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller and Midsize Companies
While smaller and midsize companies may offer substantial opportunities for capital growth, they also involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Historically, smaller and midsize company securities have been more volatile in price than larger company securities, especially over the short term. Among the reasons for the greater price volatility are the less certain growth prospects of smaller and midsize companies, the lower degree of liquidity in the markets for such securities, and the greater sensitivity of smaller and midsize companies to changing economic conditions.
In addition, smaller and midsize companies may lack depth of management, be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or development, have limited product lines or be developing or marketing new products or services for which markets are not yet established and may never become established. Smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans which are floating rate.
Focus
The greater the Fund's exposure to any single type of investment including investment in a given industry, sector, region, country, issuer, or type of security the greater the losses the Fund may experience upon any single economic, business, political, regulatory, or other occurrence. As a result, there may be more fluctuation in the price of the Fund's shares.
Technology company stocks can be subject to abrupt or erratic price movements, especially over the short term, due to the rapid pace of product change and development affecting such companies. Technology companies are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as new market entrants, aggressive pricing, and tight profit margins. Prices of technology company stocks often change collectively without regard to the merits of individual companies. Electronic technology and technology services companies face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. The biotechnology and health technology industries are subject to extensive government regulation. These industries will be affected by government regulatory requirements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical products, patent considerations, product liability, and similar matters. For example, in the past several years, the U.S. Congress has considered legislation concerning health care reform and changes to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval process, which would, if enacted, affect the biotechnology and health technology industries.
Foreign Securities
The risks of investing in foreign securities typically are greater in less developed or emerging market countries.
Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations. These risks can increase the potential for investment loss in the Fund and may include, among others, currency risks (such as fluctuations in currency exchange rates and currency devaluations); country risks (such as political, diplomatic, or regional conflicts, terrorism or war, social and economic instability, and policies limiting or restricting foreign investment or the movement of assets); and risks associated with the state of a country's financial markets and legal institutions. Other foreign securities risks may include unfavorable trading, settlement or custodial practices, less government supervision, less publicly available information, less stringent investor protection standards, limited legal redress for violations of law, limited trading markets and greater illiquidity and greater price volatility.
Management
The Fund is actively managed and could experience losses if the investment manager's judgment about markets, interest rates or the attractiveness, relative values, liquidity, or potential appreciation of particular investments made for the Fund's portfolio prove to be incorrect. There can be no guarantee that these techniques or the investment manager's investment decisions will produce the desired results. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the investment techniques available to the investment manager in connection with managing the Fund and may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment goal.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage, as of July 31, 2011, over $747 billion in assets, and have been in the investment management business since 1947.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals focused on investments in equity securities of companies demonstrating accelerating growth, increasing profitability, or above average growth or growth potential as compared with the overall economy. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
GRANT BOWERS Vice President of Advisers
Mr. Bowers has been the lead portfolio manager of the Fund since 2007. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund. He has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1993.
CONRAD B. HERRMANN, CFA Senior Vice President of Advisers
Mr. Herrmann has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1989.
CFA ® and Chartered Financial Analyst ® are trademarks owned by CFA Institute.
The Funds SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisers a fee for managing the Fund's assets. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, Advisers agreed to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund. However, this fee reduction was less than 0.01% of the Fund's average net assets. The management fees before and after such waiver for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were 0.50%.
Special Servicing Agreement
Effective May 1, 2009, the Fund, which is an underlying investment fund of one or more funds of Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series Funds (the "Allocator Funds"), entered into a Special Servicing Agreement with the Allocator Funds and certain service providers of the Fund and the Allocator Funds, pursuant to which the Fund may pay a portion of the Allocator Funds' expenses, including transfer agency and shareholder servicing costs, to the extent such payments are less than the amount of the benefits realized or expected to be realized by the Fund from the investment in the Fund by the Allocator Funds.
Financial Highlights
The Financial Highlights present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since its inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 19.59 | $ 13.88 | $ 20.06 | $ 18.54 | $ 18.30 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.15 | -0.14 | -0.14 | -0.15 | -0.12 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 4.84 | 5.85 | -6.04 | 1.67 | 0.36 |
Total from investment operations | 4.69 | 5.71 | -6.18 | 1.52 | 0.24 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 24.28 | $ 19.59 | $ 13.88 | $ 20.06 | $ 18.54 |
Total return e | 23.94% | 41.14% | -30.81% | 8.20% | 1.31% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.28% | 1.31% | 1.32% | 1.27% | 1.38% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.28% | 1.24% f | 1.32% f | 1.27% f | 1.38% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.73% | -0.81% | -0.89% | -0.77% | -0.70% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 211,435 | $ 168,205 | $ 99,939 | $ 137,313 | $ 105,407 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 69.74% | 67.27% | 90.24% | 133.58% | 176.15% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS B | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 18.25 | $ 13.02 | $ 18.95 | $ 17.64 | $ 17.53 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.26 | -0.23 | -0.24 | -0.28 | -0.23 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 4.47 | 5.46 | -5.69 | 1.59 | 0.34 |
Total from investment operations | 4.21 | 5.23 | -5.93 | 1.31 | 0.11 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 22.46 | $ 18.25 | $ 13.02 | $ 18.95 | $ 17.64 |
Total return e | 23.07% | 40.17% | -31.29% | 7.43% | 0.63% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.97% | 2.00% | 2.02% | 1.99% | 2.08% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.97% | 1.93% f | 2.02% f | 1.99% f | 2.08% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.42% | -1.50% | -1.59% | -1.49% | -1.40% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 3,393 | $ 5,275 | $ 5,124 | $ 11,528 | $ 15,638 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 69.74% | 67.27% | 90.24% | 133.58% | 176.15% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS C | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 18.20 | $ 12.99 | $ 18.91 | $ 17.61 | $ 17.49 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.27 | -0.24 | -0.23 | -0.28 | -0.23 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 4.47 | 5.45 | -5.69 | 1.58 | 0.35 |
Total from investment operations | 4.20 | 5.21 | -5.92 | 1.30 | 0.12 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 22.40 | $ 18.20 | $ 12.99 | $ 18.91 | $ 17.61 |
Total return e | 23.08% | 40.11% | -31.31% | 7.38% | 0.69% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.98% | 2.02% | 2.03% | 1.99% | 2.09% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.98% | 1.95% f | 2.03% f | 1.99% f | 2.09% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.43% | -1.52% | -1.60% | -1.49% | -1.41% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 56,658 | $ 46,227 | $ 27,519 | $ 40,253 | $ 31,518 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 69.74% | 67.27% | 90.24% | 133.58% | 176.15% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS R | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 19.25 | $ 13.67 | $ 19.80 | $ 18.33 | $ 18.12 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.19 | -0.17 | -0.17 | -0.20 | -0.16 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 4.75 | 5.75 | -5.96 | 1.67 | 0.37 |
Total from investment operations | 4.56 | 5.58 | -6.13 | 1.47 | 0.21 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 23.81 | $ 19.25 | $ 13.67 | $ 19.80 | $ 18.33 |
Total return e | 23.69% | 40.82% | -30.96% | 8.02% | 1.16% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.48% | 1.52% | 1.54% | 1.49% | 1.59% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.48% | 1.45% f | 1.54% f | 1.49% f | 1.59% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.93% | -1.02% | -1.11% | -0.99% | -0.91% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 29,053 | $ 17,010 | $ 7,320 | $ 7,863 | $ 7,413 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 69.74% | 67.27% | 90.24% | 133.58% | 176.15% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
ADVISOR CLASS | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 20.24 | $ 14.30 | $ 20.60 | $ 18.99 | $ 18.68 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.09 | -0.09 | -0.10 | -0.10 | -0.07 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 5.01 | 6.03 | -6.20 | 1.71 | 0.38 |
Total from investment operations | 4.92 | 5.94 | -6.30 | 1.61 | 0.31 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 25.16 | $ 20.24 | $ 14.30 | $ 20.60 | $ 18.99 |
Total return | 24.31% | 41.54% | -30.58% | 8.48% | 1.66% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 0.98% | 1.02% | 1.04% | 0.99% | 1.09% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 0.98% | 0.95% e | 1.04% e | 0.99% e | 1.09% e |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.43% | -0.52% | -0.61% | -0.49% | -0.41% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 172,528 | $ 245,727 | $ 141,010 | $ 101,885 | $ 85,486 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 69.74% | 67.27% | 90.24% | 133.58% | 176.15% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund
Investment Goal
The Fund's investment goal is long-term capital growth.
Principal Investment Policies and Practices
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in the equity securities of small cap companies. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days' advance notice of any change to this policy. The equity securities in which the Fund invests are primarily common stock.
For this Fund, small cap companies are companies with market capitalizations not exceeding (i) $1.5 billion or (ii) the highest market capitalization in the Russell 2000 ® Index, whichever is greater, at the time of purchase. That index consists of 2,000 small companies that have publicly traded securities, and its largest company had a market capitalization of $3.124 billion as of June 30, 2011. Market capitalization is defined as share price multiplied by the number of common stock shares outstanding. The investment manager may continue to hold an investment for further capital growth opportunities even if, through market appreciation, the company's market capitalization exceeds these small cap measures.
In addition to the Fund's main investments, the Fund may invest in equity securities of larger companies. An equity security represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the company's business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets, and general market conditions. Common stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities. When suitable opportunities are available, the Fund may invest in initial public offerings of securities.
The Fund, from time to time, may have significant positions in particular sectors such as information technology (including electronic technology, health care technology and technology services) and healthcare.
Portfolio Selection
The investment manager uses fundamental, "bottom-up" research to seek companies meeting its criteria of growth potential, quality and valuation. In seeking sustainable growth characteristics, the investment manager looks for companies it believes can produce sustainable earnings and cash flow growth, evaluating the long-term market opportunity and competitive structure of an industry to target leaders and emerging leaders. The investment manager defines quality companies as those with strong and improving competitive positions in attractive markets. The investment manager also believes important attributes of quality are experienced and talented management teams as well as financial strength reflected in the capital structure, gross and operating margins, free cash flow generation and returns on capital employed. The investment managers valuation analysis includes a range of potential outcomes based on an assessment of multiple scenarios. In assessing value, the investment manager considers whether security prices fully reflect the balance of the sustainable growth opportunities relative to business and financial risks.
Temporary Investments
When the investment manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the investment manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term U.S. government securities, money market fund shares (including shares of an affiliated money market fund), high-grade commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements and other money market instruments. The investment manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goal.
Principal Risks
Market
The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting individual issuers, securities markets generally or particular industries or sectors within the securities markets. The value of a security may go up or down due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular issuer, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for revenues or corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also go up or down due to factors that affect an individual issuer or a particular industry or sector, such as changes in production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value. When markets perform well, there can be no assurance that the Fund's securities will participate in or otherwise benefit from the advance.
Generally, stocks have historically outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Smaller Companies
While smaller companies may offer substantial opportunities for capital growth, they also involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Historically, smaller company securities have been more volatile in price than larger company securities, especially over the short term. Among the reasons for the greater price volatility are the less certain growth prospects of smaller companies, the lower degree of liquidity in the markets for such securities, and the greater sensitivity of smaller companies to changing economic conditions.
In addition, smaller companies may lack depth of management, be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or development, have limited product lines or be developing or marketing new products or services for which markets are not yet established and may never become established. Smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans which are floating rate.
Growth Style Investing
Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Growth stocks may be more expensive relative to their current earnings or assets compared to value or other stocks, and if earnings growth expectations moderate, their valuations may return to more typical norms, causing their stock prices to fall. Prices of these companies securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Focus
The greater the Fund's exposure to any single type of investment including investment in a given industry, sector, region, country, issuer, or type of security the greater the losses the Fund may experience upon any single economic, business, political, regulatory, or other occurrence. As a result, there may be more fluctuation in the price of the Fund's shares.
Technology company stocks can be subject to abrupt or erratic price movements, especially over the short term, due to the rapid pace of product change and development affecting such companies. Technology companies are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as new market entrants, aggressive pricing, and tight profit margins. Prices of technology company stocks often change collectively without regard to the merits of individual companies. Electronic technology and technology services companies face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. The biotechnology and health technology industries are subject to extensive government regulation. These industries will be affected by government regulatory requirements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical products, patent considerations, product liability, and similar matters. For example, in the past several years, the U.S. Congress has considered legislation concerning health care reform and changes to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval process, which would, if enacted, affect the biotechnology and health technology industries.
Liquidity
Liquidity risk exists when the market for particular securities or types of securities are or become relatively illiquid so that the Fund is unable, or it becomes more difficult for the Fund, to sell the security at the price at which the Fund has valued the security. Illiquidity may result from political, economic or issuer specific events or overall market disruptions. Securities with reduced liquidity or that become illiquid involve greater risk than securities with more liquid markets. Market quotations for such securities may be volatile and/or subject to large spreads between bid and ask prices. Reduced liquidity may have an adverse impact on market price and the Fund's ability to sell particular securities when necessary to meet the Fund's liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event.
Initial Public Offerings
Initial public offerings (IPOs) of securities issued by unseasoned companies with little or no operating history are risky and their prices are highly volatile, but they can result in very large gains in their initial trading. Attractive IPOs are often oversubscribed and may not be available to the Fund, or may be available only in very limited quantities. Thus, when the Fund's size is smaller, any gains from IPOs will have an exaggerated impact on the Fund's performance than when the Fund is larger. Although IPO investments have had a positive impact on the Fund's performance in the past, there can be no assurance that the Fund will have favorable IPO investment opportunities in the future.
Management
The Fund is actively managed and could experience losses if the investment manager's judgment about markets, interest rates or the attractiveness, relative values, liquidity, or potential appreciation of particular investments made for the Fund's portfolio prove to be incorrect. There can be no guarantee that these techniques or the investment manager's investment decisions will produce the desired results. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the investment techniques available to the investment manager in connection with managing the Fund and may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment goal.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage, as of July 31, 2011, over $747 billion in assets, and have been in the investment management business since 1947.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals focused on investments in equity securities of companies demonstrating accelerating growth, increasing profitability, or above average growth or growth potential as compared with the overall economy. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
MICHAEL MCCARTHY Senior Vice President of Advisers
Mr. McCarthy has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception and assumed duties of lead portfolio manager of the Fund in 2004. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund and has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1992.
BRAD CARRIS Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Mr. Carris has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2004, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 2001.
The Funds SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisers a fee for managing the Fund's assets. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, Advisers agreed to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund. The management fees before and after such waiver for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were 0.55% and 0.54%.
Special Servicing Agreement
Effective May 1, 2009, the Fund, which is an underlying investment fund of one or more funds of Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series Funds (the "Allocator Funds"), entered into a Special Servicing Agreement with the Allocator Funds and certain service providers of the Fund and the Allocator Funds, pursuant to which the Fund may pay a portion of the Allocator Funds' expenses, including transfer agency and shareholder servicing costs, to the extent such payments are less than the amount of the benefits realized or expected to be realized by the Fund from the investment in the Fund by the Allocator Funds.
Financial Highlights
The Financial Highlights present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since its inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 10.02 | $ 6.41 | $ 9.09 | $ 13.05 | $ 13.90 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.10 | -0.09 | -0.08 | -0.09 | -0.10 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 3.10 | 3.70 | -2.53 | -1.59 | 0.58 |
Total from investment operations | 3.00 | 3.61 | -2.61 | -1.68 | 0.48 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | | | -0.07 | -2.28 | -1.33 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 13.02 | $ 10.02 | $ 6.41 | $ 9.09 | $ 13.05 |
Total return e | 29.94% | 56.32% | -28.54% | -14.73% | 4.02% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.37% | 1.37% | 1.34% | 1.17% | 1.20% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.37% | 1.35% | 1.34% f | 1.17% f | 1.20% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.94% | -1.06% | -1.07% | -0.72% | -0.77% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 270,271 | $ 197,461 | $ 123,037 | $ 274,142 | $ 549,733 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 63.07% | 61.32% | 43.04% | 48.52% | 51.49% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS B | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 9.13 | $ 5.89 | $ 8.43 | $ 12.35 | $ 13.32 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.15 | -0.13 | -0.12 | -0.16 | -0.18 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 2.81 | 3.37 | -2.35 | -1.48 | 0.54 |
Total from investment operations | 2.66 | 3.24 | -2.47 | -1.64 | 0.36 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | | | -0.07 | -2.28 | -1.33 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 11.79 | $ 9.13 | $ 5.89 | $ 8.43 | $ 12.35 |
Total return e | 29.13% | 55.01% | -29.11% | -15.27% | 3.27% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 2.07% | 2.09% | 2.04% | 1.92% | 1.96% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 2.07% | 2.07% | 2.04% f | 1.92% f | 1.96% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.64% | -1.78% | -1.77% | -1.47% | -1.53% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 2,895 | $ 6,019 | $ 15,159 | $ 52,465 | $ 85,684 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 63.07% | 61.32% | 43.04% | 48.52% | 51.49% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS C | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 9.15 | $ 5.89 | $ 8.43 | $ 12.36 | $ 13.33 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.16 | -0.13 | -0.12 | -0.16 | -0.18 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 2.81 | 3.39 | -2.35 | -1.49 | 0.54 |
Total from investment operations | 2.65 | 3.26 | -2.47 | -1.65 | 0.36 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | | | -0.07 | -2.28 | -1.33 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 11.80 | $ 9.15 | $ 5.89 | $ 8.43 | $ 12.36 |
Total return e | 28.96% | 55.35% | -29.11% | -15.35% | 3.27% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 2.07% | 2.10% | 2.04% | 1.92% | 1.95% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 2.07% | 2.08% | 2.04% f | 1.92% f | 1.95% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.64% | -1.79% | -1.77% | -1.47% | -1.52% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 72,394 | $ 57,298 | $ 40,180 | $ 75,846 | $ 120,900 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 63.07% | 61.32% | 43.04% | 48.52% | 51.49% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS R | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 9.77 | $ 6.26 | $ 8.91 | $ 12.86 | $ 13.75 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.12 | -0.10 | -0.09 | -0.11 | -0.13 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 3.02 | 3.61 | -2.49 | -1.56 | 0.57 |
Total from investment operations | 2.90 | 3.51 | -2.58 | -1.67 | 0.44 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | | | -0.07 | -2.28 | -1.33 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 12.67 | $ 9.77 | $ 6.26 | $ 8.91 | $ 12.86 |
Total return e | 29.68% | 56.07% | -28.78% | -14.87% | 3.77% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.57% | 1.60% | 1.54% | 1.42% | 1.46% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.57% | 1.58% | 1.54% f | 1.42% f | 1.46% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.14% | -1.29% | -1.27% | -0.97% | -1.03% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 8,993 | $ 4,290 | $ 1,912 | $ 3,166 | $ 5,759 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 63.07% | 61.32% | 43.04% | 48.52% | 51.49% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
ADVISOR CLASS | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 10.39 | $ 6.63 | $ 9.37 | $ 13.34 | $ 14.15 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.07 | -0.07 | -0.06 | -0.05 | -0.07 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 3.23 | 3.83 | -2.61 | -1.64 | 0.59 |
Total from investment operations | 3.16 | 3.76 | -2.67 | -1.69 | 0.52 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | | | -0.07 | -2.28 | -1.33 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 13.55 | $ 10.39 | $ 6.63 | $ 9.37 | $ 13.34 |
Total return . | 30.41% | 56.71% | -28.32% | -14.46% | 4.24% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.07% | 1.10% | 1.04% | 0.92% | 0.96% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.07% | 1.08% | 1.04% e | 0.92% e | 0.96% e |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.64% | -0.79% | -0.77% | -0.47% | -0.53% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 49,489 | $ 114,212 | $ 57,957 | $ 220,857 | $ 325,425 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 63.07% | 61.32% | 43.04% | 48.52% | 51.49% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund
Investment Goal
The Fund's investment goal is long-term capital growth.
Principal Investment Policies and Practices
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in the equity securities of small cap and mid cap companies. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days' advance notice of any change to this policy. Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests predominantly in equity securities, primarily in common stock.
For this Fund, small cap companies are companies within the market capitalization range of companies in the Russell 2500 Index, at the time of purchase, and mid cap companies are companies within the market capitalization range of companies in the Russell Midcap ® Index, at the time of purchase. As of June 30, 2011, the Russell 2500 Index largest company had a market capitalization of $7.469 billion and the largest company for the Russell Midcap ® Index had a market capitalization of $17.908 billion. Market capitalization is defined as share price multiplied by the number of common stock shares outstanding. In most instances, the investment manager intends to continue to hold an investment for further capital growth opportunities even if, through market appreciation, the company's market capitalization exceeds the small or mid cap measures described above.
In addition to the Fund's main investments, the Fund may invest in equity securities of larger companies. An equity security represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the company's business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets, and general market conditions. Common stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities.
The Fund, from time to time, may have significant positions in particular sectors such as technology (including health care technology, technology services and electronic technology), industrials and health care.
The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in foreign securities, including those of developing or emerging markets.
Portfolio Selection
The investment manager uses fundamental, "bottom-up" research to seek companies meeting its criteria of growth potential, quality and valuation. In seeking sustainable growth characteristics, the investment manager looks for companies it believes can produce sustainable earnings and cash flow growth, evaluating the long-term market opportunity and competitive structure of an industry to target leaders and emerging leaders. The investment manager defines quality companies as those with strong and improving competitive positions in attractive markets. The investment manager also believes important attributes of quality are experienced and talented management teams as well as financial strength reflected in the capital structure, gross and operating margins, free cash flow generation and returns on capital employed. The investment managers valuation analysis includes a range of potential outcomes based on an assessment of multiple scenarios. In assessing value, the investment manager considers whether security prices fully reflect the balance of the sustainable growth opportunities relative to business and financial risks.
Temporary Investments
When the investment manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the investment manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term U.S. government securities, money market fund shares (including shares of an affiliated money market fund), high-grade commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements and other money market instruments. The investment manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goal.
Principal Risks
Market
The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting individual issuers, securities markets generally or particular industries or sectors within the securities markets. The value of a security may go up or down due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular issuer, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for revenues or corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also go up or down due to factors that affect an individual issuer or a particular industry or sector, such as changes in production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value. When markets perform well, there can be no assurance that the Fund's securities will participate in or otherwise benefit from the advance.
Generally, stocks have historically outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Growth Style Investing
Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Growth stocks may be more expensive relative to their current earnings or assets compared to value or other stocks, and if earnings growth expectations moderate, their valuations may return to more typical norms, causing their stock prices to fall. Prices of these companies securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller and Midsize Companies
While smaller and midsize companies may offer substantial opportunities for capital growth, they also involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Historically, smaller and midsize company securities have been more volatile in price than larger company securities, especially over the short term. Among the reasons for the greater price volatility are the less certain growth prospects of smaller and midsize companies, the lower degree of liquidity in the markets for such securities, and the greater sensitivity of smaller and midsize companies to changing economic conditions.
In addition, smaller and midsize companies may lack depth of management, be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or development, have limited product lines or be developing or marketing new products or services for which markets are not yet established and may never become established. Smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans which are floating rate.
Focus
The greater the Fund's exposure to any single type of investment including investment in a given industry, sector, region, country, issuer, or type of security the greater the losses the Fund may experience upon any single economic, business, political, regulatory, or other occurrence. As a result, there may be more fluctuation in the price of the Fund's shares.
Technology company stocks can be subject to abrupt or erratic price movements, especially over the short term, due to the rapid pace of product change and development affecting such companies. Technology companies are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as new market entrants, aggressive pricing, and tight profit margins. Prices of technology company stocks often change collectively without regard to the merits of individual companies. Electronic technology and technology services companies face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. The biotechnology and health technology industries are subject to extensive government regulation. These industries will be affected by government regulatory requirements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical products, patent considerations, product liability, and similar matters. For example, in the past several years, the U.S. Congress has considered legislation concerning health care reform and changes to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval process, which would, if enacted, affect the biotechnology and health technology industries.
The stock prices of companies in the industrials sector are affected by supply and demand both for their specific product or service and for industrials sector products in general. Companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by changes in government regulation, world events and economic conditions. In addition, these companies are at risk for environmental damage and product liability claims. Companies in this sector could be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates, imposition of export or import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources, technological developments and labor relations.
The healthcare/pharmaceutical sector is subject to extensive government regulation and is characterized by strong competition and rapid development of competing products. As these factors impact this sector, the stock prices of companies within this sector may fluctuate significantly over relatively short periods of time.
Foreign Securities
Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations. These risks can increase the potential for investment loss in the Fund and may include, among others, currency risks (such as fluctuations in currency exchange rates and currency devaluations); country risks (such as political, diplomatic, or regional conflicts, terrorism or war, social and economic instability, and policies limiting or restricting foreign investment or the movement of assets); and risks associated with the state of a country's financial markets and legal institutions. Other foreign securities risks may include unfavorable trading, settlement or custodial practices, less government supervision, less publicly available information, less stringent investor protection standards, limited legal redress for violations of law, limited trading markets and greater illiquidity and greater price volatility.
Developing Markets
The risks of foreign investments typically are greater in less developed countries, sometimes referred to as developing or emerging markets. For example, the political, social, market regulation and economic structures and institutions in these countries may be less established, including those supporting the regulatory and legal systems and financial markets may be less established and more vulnerable to corruption and fraud, and may change rapidly. These countries are more likely to experience high levels of inflation, deflation or currency devaluation, which can harm their economies and securities markets and increase volatility. In fact, short-term volatility in these markets and declines of 50% or more are not uncommon. Investments in less developed markets generally accrue higher fees and expenses and exhibit greater price volatility and valuation challenges. They may be subject to greater risk of expropriation, nationalization, confiscatory or punitive taxation, and foreign investment and divestment restrictions. Restrictions on currency trading that may be imposed by developing market countries will have an adverse effect on the value of the securities of companies that trade or operate in such countries. Finally, such securities markets are smaller, relatively less liquid and may not be as efficient or established in terms of settlement, custody and securities registration.
Liquidity
Liquidity risk exists when the market for particular securities or types of securities are or become relatively illiquid so that the Fund is unable, or it becomes more difficult for the Fund, to sell the security at the price at which the Fund has valued the security. Illiquidity may result from political, economic or issuer specific events or overall market disruptions. Securities with reduced liquidity or that become illiquid involve greater risk than securities with more liquid markets. Market quotations for such securities may be volatile and/or subject to large spreads between bid and ask prices. Reduced liquidity may have an adverse impact on market price and the Fund's ability to sell particular securities when necessary to meet the Fund's liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event.
Management
The Fund is actively managed and could experience losses if the investment manager's judgment about markets, interest rates or the attractiveness, relative values, liquidity, or potential appreciation of particular investments made for the Fund's portfolio prove to be incorrect. There can be no guarantee that these techniques or the investment manager's investment decisions will produce the desired results. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the investment techniques available to the investment manager in connection with managing the Fund and may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment goal.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage, as of July 31, 2011, over $747 billion in assets, and have been in the investment management business since 1947.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals focused on investments in equity securities of companies demonstrating accelerating growth, increasing profitability, or above average growth or growth potential as compared with the overall economy. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
EDWARD B. JAMIESON President, Chief Investment Officer and Director of Advisers
Mr. Jamieson has been the lead portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund. He has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1987.
MICHAEL MCCARTHY Senior Vice President of Advisers
Mr. McCarthy has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 1993, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1992.
JAMES CROSS Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Mr. Cross has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2005, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1998.
The Funds SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisers a fee for managing the Fund's assets. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, Advisers agreed to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund. The management fees before and after such waiver for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were 0.46% and 0.45%.
Special Servicing Agreement
Effective May 1, 2009, the Fund, which is an underlying investment fund of one or more funds of Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series Funds (the "Allocator Funds"), entered into a Special Servicing Agreement with the Allocator Funds and certain service providers of the Fund and the Allocator Funds, pursuant to which the Fund may pay a portion of the Allocator Funds' expenses, including transfer agency and shareholder servicing costs, to the extent such payments are less than the amount of the benefits realized or expected to be realized by the Fund from the investment in the Fund by the Allocator Funds.
Financial Highlights
The Financial Highlights present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since its inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 32.29 | $ 22.34 | $ 32.70 | $ 41.54 | $ 40.42 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.11 | -0.13 | -0.11 | -0.19 | -0.13 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 9.29 | 10.08 | -10.19 | -1.93 | 4.09 |
Total from investment operations | 9.18 | 9.95 | -10.30 | -2.12 | 3.96 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | | | -0.06 | -6.72 | -2.84 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 41.47 | $ 32.29 | $ 22.34 | $ 32.70 | $ 41.54 |
Total return e | 28.43% | 44.54% | -31.46% | -6.24% | 10.38% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses | 0.99% | 1.04% f | 1.08% f | 1.02% f | 0.98% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.31% | -0.48% | -0.45% | -0.50% | -0.33% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 2,939,925 | $ 2,585,515 | $ 2,195,975 | $ 4,331,657 | $ 5,619,694 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 44.42% | 55.44% | 54.86% | 55.09% | 52.76% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS B | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 30.14 | $ 21.01 | $ 31.00 | $ 40.00 | $ 39.31 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.33 | -0.31 | -0.29 | -0.46 | -0.40 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 8.61 | 9.44 | -9.64 | -1.82 | 3.93 |
Total from investment operations | 8.28 | 9.13 | -9.93 | -2.28 | 3.53 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | | | -0.06 | -6.72 | -2.84 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 38.42 | $ 30.14 | $ 21.01 | $ 31.00 | $ 40.00 |
Total return e | 27.47% | 43.46% | -31.99% | -6.92% | 9.53% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses | 1.74% | 1.78% f | 1.83% f | 1.77% f | 1.73% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.06% | -1.22% | -1.20% | -1.25% | -1.08% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 13,557 | $ 16,233 | $ 13,399 | $ 25,457 | $ 32,570 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 44.42% | 55.44% | 54.86% | 55.09% | 52.76% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS C | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 29.10 | $ 20.29 | $ 29.92 | $ 38.85 | $ 38.25 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.33 | -0.30 | -0.27 | -0.45 | -0.39 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 8.33 | 9.11 | -9.30 | -1.76 | 3.83 |
Total from investment operations | 8.00 | 8.81 | -9.57 | -2.21 | 3.44 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | | | -0.06 | -6.72 | -2.84 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 37.10 | $ 29.10 | $ 20.29 | $ 29.92 | $ 38.85 |
Total return e | 27.49% | 43.42% | -31.94% | -6.94% | 9.56% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses | 1.74% | 1.79% f | 1.83% f | 1.77% f | 1.72% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.06% | -1.23% | -1.20% | -1.25% | -1.07% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 426,526 | $ 366,292 | $ 285,597 | $ 523,040 | $ 653,529 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 44.42% | 55.44% | 54.86% | 55.09% | 52.76% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS R | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 31.50 | $ 21.85 | $ 32.06 | $ 40.96 | $ 39.98 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.19 | -0.19 | -0.17 | -0.29 | -0.23 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 9.04 | 9.84 | -9.98 | -1.89 | 4.05 |
Total from investment operations | 8.85 | 9.65 | -10.15 | -2.18 | 3.82 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | | | -0.06 | -6.72 | -2.84 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 40.35 | $ 31.50 | $ 21.85 | $ 32.06 | $ 40.96 |
Total return e | 28.10% | 44.16% | -31.62% | -6.48% | 10.11% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses | 1.24% | 1.29% f | 1.33% f | 1.27% f | 1.23% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.56% | -0.73% | -0.70% | -0.75% | -0.58% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 86,814 | $ 69,415 | $ 54,180 | $ 94,334 | $ 118,387 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 44.42% | 55.44% | 54.86% | 55.09% | 52.76% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
ADVISOR CLASS | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 33.19 | $ 22.90 | $ 33.43 | $ 42.22 | $ 40.93 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.02 | -0.07 | -0.05 | -0.10 | -0.03 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 9.56 | 10.36 | -10.42 | -1.97 | 4.16 |
Total from investment operations | 9.54 | 10.29 | -10.47 | -2.07 | 4.13 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | | | -0.06 | -6.72 | -2.84 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 42.73 | $ 33.19 | $ 22.90 | $ 33.43 | $ 42.22 |
Total return | 28.74% | 44.93% | -31.28% | -6.00% | 10.65% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses | 0.74% | 0.79% e | 0.83% e | 0.77% e | 0.73% e |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.06% | -0.23% | -0.20% | -0.25% | -0.08% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 878,248 | $ 783,021 | $ 498,207 | $ 812,503 | $ 803,365 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 44.42% | 55.44% | 54.86% | 55.09% | 52.76% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
Additional Management Information
A discussion regarding the basis for the board of trustees' approving the investment management contract of the Fund (hereinafter "the Fund") is available in the Fund's annual report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended April 30.
In 2003 and 2004, multiple lawsuits were filed against Franklin Resources, Inc., and certain of its investment advisor subsidiaries, among other defendants, alleging violations of federal securities and state laws and seeking, among other relief, monetary damages, restitution, removal of fund trustees, directors, investment managers, administrators and distributors, rescission of management contracts and 12b-1 plans, and/or attorneys fees and costs. Specifically, the lawsuits claim breach of duty with respect to alleged arrangements to permit market timing and/or late trading activity, or breach of duty with respect to the valuation of the portfolio securities of certain Templeton funds managed by Franklin Resources, Inc. subsidiaries, allegedly resulting in market timing activity. The lawsuits are styled as class actions, or derivative actions on behalf of either the named funds or Franklin Resources, Inc., and have been consolidated for pretrial purposes, along with hundreds of other similar lawsuits against other mutual fund companies. All of the Franklin Templeton Investments mutual funds and the independent trustees to those funds that were named in the litigation have since been dismissed as defendants.
Franklin Resources, Inc. previously disclosed these private lawsuits in its regulatory filings and on its public website. Any material updates regarding these matters will be disclosed in Franklin Resources, Inc.s Form 10-Q or Form 10-K filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Distributions and Taxes
The information is provided with respect to each Fund (hereafter the "Fund").
Income and Capital Gain Distributions
As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The Fund intends to pay income dividends at least annually from its net investment income. Capital gains, if any, may be paid at least annually. The amount of any distribution will vary, and there is no guarantee the Fund will pay either income dividends or capital gain distributions. Your income dividends and capital gain distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional shares at net asset value (NAV) unless you elect to receive them in cash.
Annual statements. After the close of each calendar year, you will receive a statement from the Fund that shows the federal income tax treatment of the distributions you received during the prior calendar year. If the Fund finds it necessary to reclassify income after it issues your tax statement, the Fund will send you a revised statement. Distributions declared in December to shareholders of record in such month and paid in January are taxable as if they were paid in December. Additional tax information about the Fund's distributions is available at franklintempleton.com.
Avoid "buying a dividend" At the time you purchase your Fund shares, the Funds net asset value may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation in the value of the portfolio securities held by the Fund. For taxable investors, a subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable. Buying shares in the Fund just before it declares an income dividend or capital gain distribution is sometimes known as buying a dividend.
Tax Considerations
If you are a taxable investor, Fund distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains or some combination of both. This is the case whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares or receive them in cash.
Dividend income. Income dividends are generally subject to tax at ordinary rates. Income dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as qualified dividend income may be subject to tax by individuals at reduced long-term capital gains tax rates provided certain holding period requirements are met. These reduced rates of taxation are presently scheduled to sunset and, unless extended, will no longer apply to qualified dividends paid with respect to taxable years of the Fund beginning after December 31, 2012. A return-of-capital distribution is generally not taxable but will reduce the cost basis of your shares, and will result in a higher capital gain or a lower capital loss when you later sell your shares.
Capital gains. Fund distributions of short-term capital gains are also subject to tax at ordinary rates. Fund distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable at the reduced long-term capital gains rates no matter how long you have owned your Fund shares. For individuals in the 10% and 15% tax brackets, the long-term capital gains tax rate is 0%. For individuals in higher tax brackets, the long-term capital gains rate is 15%. These reduced rates are presently scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2012.
Sales of Fund shares. When you sell your shares in the Fund, or exchange them for shares of a different Franklin Templeton fund, you will generally realize a taxable capital gain or loss. If you have owned your Fund shares for more than one year, any net long-term capital gains will qualify for the reduced rates of taxation on long-term capital gains. An exchange of your shares in one class of the Fund for shares of another class of the same Fund is not taxable and no gain or loss will be reported on the transaction.
Backup withholding. If you do not provide the Fund your taxpayer identification number and certain required certifications you may be subject to federal backup withholding at 28% on any taxable Fund distributions and proceeds from the sale of your Fund shares. State backup withholding may also apply.
State and local taxes. Distributions of ordinary income and capital gains, and gains from the sale of your Fund shares, are generally subject to state and local taxes.
Non-U.S. investors. Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. withholding tax at 30% or a lower treaty rate on Fund dividends of ordinary income. Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. estate tax on the value of their shares. They are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements to avoid backup withholding, claim any exemptions from withholding and claim any treaty benefits. Exemptions from U.S. withholding tax are provided for capital gain dividends paid by the Fund from long-term capital gains and, with respect to taxable years of the Fund that begin before January 1, 2012 (sunset date), interest-related dividends paid by the Fund from its qualified net interest income from U.S. sources and short-term capital gain dividends.
Other tax information. This discussion of "Distributions and Taxes" is for general information only and is not tax advice. You should consult your own tax advisor regarding your particular circumstances, and about any federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences before making an investment in the Fund. Additional information about the tax consequences of investing in the Fund may be found in the Statement of Additional Information.
YOUR ACCOUNT
The board of trustees has approved the termination of offering Class B shares. Existing shareholders of Class B shares may continue as Class B shareholders, continue to reinvest dividends into Class B shares and exchange their Class B shares for Class B shares of other Franklin Templeton funds as permitted by the current exchange privileges. New or additional investments into Class B are not permitted. For Class B shares outstanding on February 28, 2005 and Class B shares acquired upon reinvestment of dividends, all Class B share attributes, including the associated Rule 12b-1 fee, contingent deferred sales charge and conversion features, will continue.Choosing a Share Class
Each class has its own sales charge and expense structure, allowing you to choose the class that best meets your situation. Your investment representative can help you decide. Investors may purchase Class C or Class R shares only for Fund accounts on which they have appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) of record. Investors who have not appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) to existing Class C or Class R share Fund accounts, may not make additional purchases to those accounts but may exchange their shares to a Franklin Templeton fund that offers Class C or Class R shares. Dividend and capital gain distributions may continue to be reinvested in existing Class B, Class C or Class R share Fund accounts. These provisions do not apply to Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
Class A | Class C | Class R | Advisor Class |
Initial sales charge of 5.75% or less | No initial sales charge | No initial sales charge | See "Qualified Investors - Advisor Class" below. |
Deferred sales charge of 1% on purchases of $1 million or more sold within 18 months | Deferred sales charge of 1% on shares you sell within 12 months | Deferred sales charge is not applicable | |
Lower annual expenses than Class C or R due to lower distribution fees | Higher annual expenses than Class A due to higher distribution fees | Higher annual expenses than Class A due to higher distribution fees (lower than Class C) |
Class A, B, C & R
1. The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares purchased (which factors in the applicable sales charge in this table) and the net asset value of those shares. Since the offering price is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number of shares purchased and the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower depending on whether there was a downward or upward rounding.
Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
Quantity discounts. We offer two ways for you to combine your current purchase of Class A Fund shares with other existing Franklin Templeton fund share holdings that might enable you to qualify for a lower sales charge with your current purchase. You can qualify for a lower sales charge when you reach certain "sales charge breakpoints." This quantity discount information is also available free of charge at franklintempleton.com/retail/jsp_cm/fund_perf/pub/quantity_discount.jsp. This web page can also be reached at franklintempleton.com by clicking the "Funds" tab and then choosing "Quantity Discounts."
1. Cumulative quantity discount - lets you combine certain existing holdings of Franklin Templeton fund shares - referred to as "cumulative quantity discount eligible shares" - with your current purchase of Class A shares to determine if you qualify for a sales charge breakpoint.
Cumulative quantity discount eligible shares are Franklin Templeton fund shares registered to (or held by a financial intermediary for):
Franklin Templeton fund shares held through an administrator or trustee/custodian of an Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan such as a 401(k) plan (see definition below) do not qualify for a cumulative quantity discount.
Franklin Templeton fund assets held in multiple Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans may be combined in order to qualify for sales charge breakpoints at the plan level if the plans are sponsored by the same employer.
If you believe there are cumulative quantity discount eligible shares that can be combined with your current purchase to achieve a sales charge breakpoint (for example, shares held in a different broker-dealers brokerage account or with a bank or an investment advisor), it is your responsibility to specifically identify those shares to your financial advisor at the time of your purchase (including at the time of any future purchase). If you have not designated a financial advisor associated with your Franklin Templeton fund shares , it is your responsibility to specifically identify any cumulative quantity discount eligible shares to the Funds transfer agent at the time of any purchase.
If there are cumulative quantity discount eligible shares that would qualify for combining with your current purchase and you do not tell your financial advisor or the Franklin Templeton funds transfer agent at the time of any purchase, you may not receive the benefit of a reduced sales charge that might otherwise be available since your financial advisor and the Fund generally will not have that information.
The value of cumulative quantity discount eligible shares equals the cost or current value of those shares, whichever is higher. The current value of shares is determined by multiplying the number of shares by their highest current public offering price. It is your responsibility to retain any records necessary to substantiate historical share costs because neither your current financial advisor nor the Franklin Templeton funds may have or maintain this information.
An "Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan" is a Qualified Retirement Plan, ERISA covered 403(b) and certain non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that operate in a similar manner to a Qualified Retirement Plan, such as 457 plans and executive deferred compensation arrangements, but not including employer sponsored IRAs. A "Qualified Retirement Plan" is an employer sponsored pension or profit sharing plan that qualifies under section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, including 401(k), money purchase pension, profit sharing and defined benefit plans.
2. Letter of intent (LOI) - expresses your intent to buy a stated dollar amount of "cumulative quantity discount eligible shares" (as defined in the "Cumulative quantity discount" section above) over a 13-month period and lets you receive the same sales charge as if all shares had been purchased at one time. We will reserve 5% of your total intended purchase in Class A shares registered in your name until you fulfill your LOI to cover any additional sales charge that may apply if you do not buy the amount stated in your LOI. It is your responsibility to tell your financial advisor when you believe you have fulfilled your LOI with sufficient cumulative quantity discount eligible shares. If you have not designated a financial advisor associated with your Franklin Templeton fund shares, it is your responsibility to tell the Funds transfer agent when you believe you have fulfilled your LOI with sufficient cumulative quantity discount eligible shares. Please refer to the SAI for more LOI details.
To sign up for these programs, complete the appropriate section of your account application.
Franklin Templeton funds include all of the U.S. registered mutual funds of Franklin Templeton Investments and the Franklin Mutual Recovery Fund. They do not include the funds in the Franklin Templeton Variable Insurance Products Trust.
Sales charge waivers. Class A shares may be purchased without an initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) by certain investors or for certain payments. If you would like information about available sales charge waivers, call your investment representative or call Shareholder Services at (800) 632-2301. A list of available sales charge waivers also may be found in the SAI.
Investments of $1 Million or More
If you invest $1 million or more, either as a lump sum or through our cumulative quantity discount or letter of intent programs, you can buy Class A shares without an initial sales charge. However, there is a 1% CDSC on any shares you sell within 18 months of purchase. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C).
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class A has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Focused Core Equity Fund, Growth Opportunities Fund and Small Cap Fund to pay distribution fees of up to 0.35% per year and Flex Cap Fund and Small-Mid Cap Fund to pay distribution fees of up to 0.25% per year, to those who sell and distribute Class A shares and provide other services to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class A's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. The board of trustees has set the current amount payable under the Focused Core Equity , Growth Opportunities and Small Cap Fund's Class A plan at 0.30% until further notice.
SALES CHARGES - Class B | |
if you sell your shares within this
many years after buying them |
this % is deducted from
your proceeds as a CDSC |
1 Year | 4 |
2 Years | 4 |
3 Years | 3 |
4 Years | 3 |
5 Years | 2 |
6 Years | 1 |
7 Years | 0 |
There is a CDSC if you sell your shares within six years, as described in the table above. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see "Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C"). After eight years, your Class B shares automatically convert to Class A shares, lowering your annual expenses from that time on.
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class B has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution and other fees of up to 1% per year for the sale of Class B shares and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class B's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
SALES CHARGES - Class C |
With Class C shares, there is no initial sales charge. |
We place any investment of $1 million or more in Class A shares, since Class A's annual expenses are lower.
CDSC
There is a 1% CDSC on any Class C shares you sell within 12 months of purchase. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see "Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C").
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class C has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution and other fees of up to 1% per year for the sale of Class C shares and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class C's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
SALES CHARGES - Class R |
With Class R shares, there is no initial sales charge. |
Retirement Plans
Class R shares are available to the following investors:
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class R has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution and other fees of up to 0.50% per year for the sale of Class R shares and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class R's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C
The CDSC for each class is based on the current value of the shares being sold or their net asset value when purchased, whichever is less. There is no CDSC on shares you acquire by reinvesting your dividends or capital gain distributions.
To keep your CDSC as low as possible, each time you place a request to sell shares we will first sell any shares in your account that are not subject to a CDSC. If there are not enough of these to meet your request, we will sell the shares in the order they were purchased. We will use this same method if you exchange your shares into another Franklin Templeton fund (please see Exchanging Shares).
The holding period for the CDSC begins on the day you buy your shares. Your shares will age one month on that same date the next month and each following month. For example, if you buy shares on the 18th of the month, they will age one month on the 18th day of the next month and each following month.
Reinstatement Privilege
If you sell shares of a Franklin Templeton fund that were held indirectly for your benefit in an account with your investment representatives firm or your banks trust department or that were registered to you directly by the Fund's transfer agent (or, to an affiliated custodian or trustee of the Funds transfer agent), you may reinvest all or a portion of the proceeds from that sale within 90 days of the sale without an initial sales charge. This Reinstatement Privilege does not apply to: (i) a purchase of Fund shares made through a regularly scheduled automatic investment plan such as a purchase by a regularly scheduled payroll deduction or transfer from a bank account, or (ii) a purchase of Fund shares with proceeds from the sale of Franklin Templeton fund shares that were held indirectly through a non-Franklin Templeton individual or employer sponsored IRA.
In order to take advantage of this Reinstatement Privilege, you must inform your investment representative or the Fund's transfer agent of this privilege at the time of your investment. The proceeds from the earlier sale must also be invested within the same share class as that of the sold shares, except proceeds will be reinvested in Class A shares if the proceeds are from the sale of (i) Class B (or Class B1) shares; or (ii) Class C (or Class C1) shares or Class R shares if at the time of investment you have not appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) of record for the Fund account(s) in which the purchased shares will be held. Proceeds from the earlier sale of Class Z shares may also be invested in Class A shares under this Reinstatement Privilege.
If you paid a CDSC when you sold your Class A, A1, C or C1 shares, Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) will credit back to you the CDSC paid on the amount you are reinvesting within 90 days of the sale by adding it to the amount of your reinvestment (for example, if you are reinvesting $10,000 within 90 days of an earlier $10,000 sale on which you paid a $100 CDSC, the amount of your reinvestment will equal $10,100). The new shares issued with your reinvestment WILL BE subject to any otherwise applicable CDSC. If, however, you (except Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans) paid a CDSC when you sold (1) Class B (or Class B1) shares; or (2) Class C (or Class C1) shares held at the time of sale in a Franklin Templeton fund account without an investment representative (financial advisor) appointed by you and invest the proceeds from that sale in Class A shares within 90 days of the sale, you will not be credited with any CDSC paid at the time of sale. In this case, the new Class A shares issued with your reinvestment WILL NOT BE subject to any otherwise applicable CDSC.
Proceeds immediately placed in a Franklin Templeton Bank Certificate of Deposit (CD) also may be reinvested without an initial sales charge if you reinvest them within 90 days from the date the CD matures, including any rollover.
This privilege does not apply to shares you buy and sell under our exchange program. Shares purchased with the proceeds from a money fund may be subject to a sales charge.
Qualified Investors - Advisor Class
The following investors or investments may qualify to buy Advisor Class shares of the Fund:
Buying Shares
MINIMUM INVESTMENTS - CLASS A, C & R
Initial | |
Regular accounts | $ 1,000 |
Automatic investment plans | $ 50 |
UGMA/UTMA accounts | $ 100 |
Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, SIMPLE-IRAs, SEP-IRAs, SARSEPs or 403(b) plan accounts | no minimum |
IRAs, IRA rollovers, Coverdell Education Savings Plans or Roth IRAs | $ 250 |
Broker-dealer sponsored wrap account programs | no minimum |
Current and former full-time employees, officers, trustees and directors of Franklin Templeton entities, and their family members | $ 100 |
Please note that you may only buy shares of a fund eligible for sale in your state or jurisdiction.
Account Application
If you are opening a new account, please complete and sign the enclosed account application. Make sure you indicate the share class you have chosen. If you do not indicate a class, we will place your purchase in Class A shares. To save time, you can sign up now for services you may want on your account by completing the appropriate sections of the application (see "Investor Services"). For example, if you would like to link one of your bank accounts to your Fund account so that you may use electronic funds transfer to and from your bank account to buy and sell shares, please complete the bank information section of the application. We will keep your bank information on file for future purchases and redemptions. We do not accept cash, credit card convenience checks, non-bank money orders or travelers checks as forms of payment to purchase shares.
Franklin Templeton Investor Services
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
Call toll-free: (800) 632-2301
(Monday through Friday
5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific time)
or visit us online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
at franklintempleton.com
Investor Services
Automatic Investment Plan
This plan offers a convenient way for you to invest in the Fund by automatically transferring money from your checking or savings account each month to buy shares. To sign up, visit us online at franklintempleton.com or complete the appropriate section of your account application and mail it to Investor Services. If you are opening a new account, please include your minimum initial investment with your application.
Automated Telephone System
Our automated system offers around-the-clock access to information about your account or any Franklin Templeton fund. This service is available by dialing any of the following numbers from a touch-tone phone:
Shareholder Services | (800) 632-2301 |
Advisor Services | (800) 524-4040 |
Retirement Services | (800) 527-2020 |
Distribution Options
You may reinvest distributions you receive from the Fund in an existing account in the same share class* of the Fund or another Franklin Templeton fund. Initial sales charges and CDSCs will not apply to reinvested distributions. You also can have your distributions deposited in a bank account, or mailed by check. Deposits to a bank account may be made by electronic funds transfer.
* Class B and C shareholders may reinvest their distributions in Class A shares of any Franklin Templeton money fund. Advisor Class shareholders may reinvest in Advisor Class or Class A shares of another Franklin Templeton fund. To reinvest your distributions in Advisor Class shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, you must be a current shareholder in Advisor Class or otherwise qualify to buy that fund's Advisor Class shares.
If you received a distribution and chose to return it to purchase additional shares in Class A shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, you will not be charged an initial sales charge if you invest the distribution within 90 days of the distribution date.
Please indicate on your application the distribution option you have chosen, otherwise we will reinvest your distributions in the same share class of the Fund.
Retirement Plans
Franklin Templeton Investments offers a variety of retirement plans for individuals and businesses. These plans require separate applications, may require special forms for redemptions, and their policies and procedures may be different than those described in this prospectus. For more information, including a free retirement plan brochure or application, please call Retirement Services at (800) 527-2020.
Telephone/Online Privileges
You will automatically receive telephone/online privileges when you open your account, allowing you to obtain or view your account information, and conduct a number of transactions by phone or online, including: buy, sell, or exchange shares of most funds; use electronic funds transfer to buy or sell shares of most funds; change your address; and, add or change account services (including distribution options, systematic withdrawal plans and automatic investment plans).
To view your account information or request online transactions, you will first need to register for these services at the shareholder section of our website at franklintempleton.com. You will be asked to accept the terms of an online agreement(s) and establish a password for online services. If you are registered for online services, you may enroll online in Franklin Templetons electronic delivery program for your shareholder documents. This will allow you to receive electronic delivery (through our website) of most funds prospectuses, annual/semiannual reports to shareholders, and proxy statements, as well as your account(s) statements and trade confirmations, and discontinue receiving your paper copies through the U.S. mail. Using our shareholder website means you are consenting to sending and receiving personal financial information over the Internet, so you should be sure you are comfortable with the risks.
As long as we follow reasonable security procedures and act on instructions we reasonably believe are genuine, we will not be responsible for any losses that may occur from unauthorized requests. We will request passwords or other information, and also may record calls. To help safeguard your account, keep your password confidential, and verify the accuracy of your confirmation statements immediately after you receive them. Contact us immediately if you believe someone has obtained unauthorized access to your account or password. For transactions done over the Internet, we recommend the use of an Internet browser with 128-bit encryption. Certain methods of contacting us (such as by phone or by Internet) may be unavailable or delayed during periods of unusual market activity. Of course, you can decline telephone buy, sell, or exchange privileges on your account application, or choose not to register for online privileges. If you have telephone/online privileges on your account and want to discontinue them, please contact us for instructions. You may reinstate these privileges at any time in writing, including online registration with respect to online privileges.
Note: We discourage you from including confidential or sensitive information in any Internet communication to us. If you do choose to send email (encrypted or not) to us over the Internet, you are accepting the associated risks of lack of confidentiality.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
This plan allows you to automatically sell your shares and receive regular payments from your account. A CDSC may apply to withdrawals that exceed certain amounts. Certain terms and minimums apply. To sign up, visit us online at franklintempleton.com or complete the appropriate section of your application.
Franklin Templeton VIP Services ®
You may be eligible for Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® if you are currently eligible for the $250,000 sales charge breakpoint based solely on shares registered directly with the Franklin Templeton funds' transfer agent and excluding shares held indirectly through brokerage accounts. Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® shareholders enjoy enhanced service and transaction capabilities. Please contact Shareholder Services at (800) 632-2301 for additional information on this program.
Selling Shares
You can sell your shares at any time. Please keep in mind that a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) may apply.
Selling Shares in Writing
Generally, requests to sell $100,000 or less can be made over the phone, online, or with a simple letter. Sometimes, however, to protect you and the Fund we will need written instructions signed by all registered owners, with a signature guarantee for each owner, if:
We also may require a signature guarantee on instructions we receive from an agent, not the registered owners, or when we believe it would protect the Fund against potential claims based on the instructions received.
The amount may be higher for members of Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® . Please see Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® above for more information regarding eligibility.
A signature guarantee helps protect your account against fraud. You can obtain a signature guarantee at most banks and securities dealers.
A notary public CANNOT provide a signature guarantee.
Selling Recently Purchased Shares
If you sell shares recently purchased, we may delay sending you the proceeds until your check, draft or wire/electronic funds transfer has cleared, which may take seven business days.
Redemption Proceeds
Your redemption check will be sent within seven days after we receive your request in proper form. We are not able to receive or pay out cash in the form of currency.
Retirement Plans
You may need to complete additional forms to sell shares in a Franklin Templeton Bank & Trust retirement plan. For participants under the age of 59 1/2, tax penalties may apply. Call Retirement Services at (800) 527-2020 for details.
Selling Shares
To sell some or all of your shares |
|
Through your investment representative
Contact your investment representative By Mail
Send written instructions and endorsed share certificates (if you hold share certificates) to Investor Services. Corporate, partnership or trust accounts may need to send additional documents.
Specify the Fund, the account number and the dollar value or number of shares you wish to sell. If you own both Class A and B shares, also specify the class of shares, otherwise we will sell your Class A shares first. Be sure to include all necessary signatures and any additional documents, as well as signature guarantees if required.
A check will be mailed to the name(s) and address on the account, or otherwise according to your written instructions. By Phone/Online (800) 632-2301franklintempleton.com
As long as your transaction is for $100,000 or less, you do not hold share certificates and you have not changed your address by phone or online within the last 15 days, you can sell your shares by phone or online. The amount may be higher for members of Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® . Please see Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® above for more information regarding eligibility.
A check will be mailed to the name(s) and address on the account, or a pre-authorized secondary address. Written instructions, with a signature guarantee, are required to send the check to another address or to make it payable to another person. |
By Electronic Funds Transfer (ACH)
You can call, write, or visit us online to have redemption proceeds sent to a bank account. See the policies at left for selling shares by mail, phone, or online.
Before requesting to have redemption proceeds sent to a bank account, please make sure we have your bank account information on file. If we do not have this information, you will need to send written instructions with your bank's name and a voided check or savings account deposit slip. If the bank and Fund accounts do not have at least one common owner, you must provide written instructions signed by all fund and bank account owners, and each individual must have his or her signature guaranteed.
If we receive your request in proper form by 1:00 p.m. Pacific time, proceeds sent by ACH generally will be available within two to three business days. By Exchange
Obtain a current prospectus for the fund you are considering. Prospectuses are available online at franklintempleton.com.
Call Shareholder Services at the number below or send signed written instructions. You also may place an exchange order online. See the policies at left for selling shares by mail, phone, or online.
If you hold share certificates, you will need to return them to the Fund before your exchange can be processed. |
Franklin Templeton Investor Services
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
Call toll-free: (800) 632-2301
(Monday through Friday 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific time)
or visit us online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
at franklintempleton.com
Exchanging Shares
Exchange Privilege
Class A, B, C & R
You can exchange shares between most Franklin Templeton funds within the same class,* generally without paying any additional sales charges. If you exchange shares from a money fund and those shares were not charged a sales charge previously, however, a sales charge may apply.
* Class Z shareholders of Franklin Mutual Series Funds may exchange into Class A without any sales charge. Advisor Class shareholders of another Franklin Templeton fund also may exchange into Class A without any sales charge. Advisor Class shareholders who exchange their shares for Class A shares and later decide they would like to exchange into another fund that offers Advisor Class may do so.
Any CDSC will continue to be calculated from the date of your initial investment and will not be charged at the time of the exchange. The purchase price for determining a CDSC on exchanged shares will be the price you paid for the original shares. If you exchange shares subject to a CDSC into a Class A money fund, the time your shares are held in the money fund will not count towards the CDSC holding period.
If you exchange your Class B shares for the same class of shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, the time your shares are held in that fund will count towards the eight-year period for automatic conversion to Class A shares.
Advisor Class
You can exchange your Advisor Class shares for Advisor Class shares of other Franklin Templeton funds. You also may exchange your Advisor Class shares for Class A shares of a fund that does not currently offer an Advisor Class (without any sales charge)* or for Class Z shares of Franklin Mutual Series Funds.
* If you exchange into Class A shares and you later decide you would like to exchange into a fund that offers an Advisor Class, you may exchange your Class A shares for Advisor Class shares if you are a current shareholder in Advisor Class or you otherwise qualify to buy the fund's Advisor Class shares.
All Classes
The remainder of the Exchanging Shares section applies to all classes.
Generally exchanges may only be made between identically registered accounts, unless you send written instructions with a signature guarantee.
An exchange is really two transactions: a sale of one fund and the purchase of another. In general, the same policies that apply to purchases and sales also apply to exchanges, including minimum investment amounts (except exchanges of an entire account balance). Exchanges also generally have the same tax consequences as ordinary sales and purchases.
Rejected exchanges. If the Fund rejects an exchange request involving the sale of Fund shares, the rejected exchange request will also mean rejection of the request to purchase shares of another fund with the proceeds of the sale. Of course, you may generally redeem shares of the Fund at any time.
Exchanges through financial intermediaries. If you are investing indirectly in the Fund through a financial intermediary such as a broker-dealer, a bank, an insurance company separate account, an investment advisor, an administrator or trustee of an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan such as a 401(k) retirement plan and a 529 college savings plan that maintains a master account (an Omnibus Account) with the Fund for trading on behalf of its customers, different exchange and/or transfer limit guidelines and restrictions may apply. The financial intermediary through whom you are investing may choose to adopt different trading restrictions designed to discourage short-term or excessive trading. Consult with your financial intermediary (or, in the case of a 401(k) retirement plan, your plan sponsor) to determine what trading restrictions, including exchange/transfer limitations, may be applicable to you.
Fund exchange privilege changes/waiver. The Fund may terminate or modify (temporarily or permanently) this exchange privilege in the future. You will receive 60 days' notice of any material changes, unless otherwise provided by law.
Other funds' exchange privileges. If there is a conflict between the exchange privileges of two funds involved in an exchange transaction, the stricter policy will apply to the transaction. Other Franklin Templeton funds may have different exchange restrictions. Check each fund's prospectus for details.
Frequent Trading Policy
The Fund's board of trustees has adopted the following policies and procedures with respect to frequent trading in Fund shares (Frequent Trading Policy).
The Fund does not intend to accommodate short-term or frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares that may be detrimental to the Fund. For example, this type of trading activity could interfere with the efficient management of the Fund's portfolio or materially increase the Fund's transaction costs, administrative costs or taxes.
Since the Fund may invest in securities that are, or may be, restricted, unlisted, traded infrequently, thinly traded, or relatively illiquid ("relatively illiquid securities"), it may be particularly vulnerable to arbitrage short-term trading. Such arbitrage traders may seek to take advantage of a possible differential between the last available market prices for one or more of those relatively illiquid securities that are used to calculate the Funds NAV and the latest indications of market values for those securities. One of the objectives of the Funds fair value pricing procedures is to minimize the possibilities of this type of arbitrage (please see "Fair Valuation - Individual Securities"); however, there can be no assurance that the Funds valuation procedures will be successful in eliminating it.
Through its transfer agent, the Fund performs ongoing monitoring of shareholder trading in shares of the Fund and other Franklin Templeton funds in order to try and identify shareholder trading patterns that suggest an ongoing short-term trading strategy. If shareholder trading patterns identified by the transfer agent through monitoring or from other information regarding the shareholders trading activity in non-Franklin Templeton funds leads the transfer agent to reasonably conclude that such trading may be detrimental to the Fund as described in this Frequent Trading Policy, the transfer agent, on behalf of the Fund, may temporarily or permanently bar future purchases into the Fund or, alternatively, may limit the amount, number or frequency of any future purchases and/or the method by which you may request future purchases and redemptions (including purchases and/or redemptions by an exchange or transfer between the Fund and any other mutual fund).
In considering an investors trading patterns, the Fund may consider, among other factors, the investors trading history both directly and, if known, through financial intermediaries, in the Fund, in other Franklin Templeton funds, in non-Franklin Templeton mutual funds, or in accounts under common control or ownership (see, for example, Investment by asset allocators in the SAI). The transfer agent may also reject any purchase or redemption request, whether or not it represents part of any ongoing trading pattern, if the Fund's investment manager or transfer agent reasonably concludes that the amount of the requested transaction may disrupt or otherwise interfere with the efficient management of the Funds portfolio.
Frequent trading through financial intermediaries. You are an investor subject to this Frequent Trading Policy whether you are a direct shareholder of the Fund or you are investing indirectly in the Fund through a financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer, bank, trust company, insurance company product such as an annuity contract, investment advisor, or an administrator or trustee of an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan such as a 401(k) retirement plan and a 529 college savings plan.
Some financial intermediaries maintain master accounts with the Fund on behalf of their customers (omnibus accounts). The Fund has entered into information sharing agreements with these financial intermediaries, which permit the Fund to obtain, upon request, information about the trading activity of the intermediarys customers that invest in the Fund. If the Funds transfer agent identifies omnibus account level trading patterns that have the potential to be detrimental to the Fund, the transfer agent may, in its sole discretion, request from the financial intermediary information concerning the trading activity of its customers. Based upon its review of the information, if the transfer agent determines that the trading activity of any customer may be detrimental to the Fund, it may, in its sole discretion, request the financial intermediary to restrict or limit further trading in the Fund by that customer. There can be no assurance that the transfer agents monitoring of omnibus account level trading patterns will enable it to identify all short-term trading by a financial intermediarys customers.
Revocation of trades. While the Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order for any reason, the Fund may also revoke executed purchase orders that the transfer agent reasonably concludes in its sole discretion may have been contrary to the objectives of the Fund's Frequent Trading Policy.
Account Policies
Calculating Share Price
Class A, B, C & R
When you buy shares, you pay the "offering price" for the shares. The "offering price" is determined by dividing the NAV per share by an amount equal to 1 minus the sales charge applicable to the purchase (expressed in decimals), calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria. The number of Fund shares you will be issued will equal the amount invested divided by the applicable offering price for those shares, calculated to three decimal places using standard rounding criteria. For example, if the NAV per share is $10.25 and the applicable sales charge for the purchase is 5.75%, the offering price would be calculated as follows: 10.25 divided by 1.00 minus 0.0575 [10.25/0.9425] equals 10.87533, which, when rounded to two decimal points, equals 10.88. The offering price per share would be $10.88.
When you sell shares, you receive the NAV minus any applicable CDSC.
All Classes
The value of a mutual fund is determined by deducting the funds liabilities from the total assets of the portfolio. The NAV per share is determined by dividing the total net asset value of each funds share class by the applicable number of shares outstanding per share class.
The Fund calculates the NAV per share each business day at the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 1:00 p.m. Pacific time). The Fund does not calculate the NAV on days the NYSE is closed for trading, which include New Years Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
When determining its NAV, the Fund values cash and receivables at their realizable amounts, and records interest as accrued and dividends on the ex-dividend date. The Fund generally utilizes two independent pricing services to assist in determining a current market value for each security. If market quotations are readily available for portfolio securities listed on a securities exchange, the Fund values those securities at the last quoted sale price or the official closing price of the day, respectively, or, if there is no reported sale, within the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. The Fund values over-the-counter portfolio securities within the range of the most recent bid and ask prices. If portfolio securities trade both in the over-the-counter market and on a stock exchange, the Fund values them according to the broadest and most representative market.
Requests to buy and sell shares are processed at the NAV next calculated after we or an approved financial intermediary receive your request in proper form.
Generally, trading in corporate bonds, U.S. government securities and money market instruments is substantially completed each day at various times before the close of the NYSE. The value of these securities used in computing the NAV is determined as of such times. Occasionally, events affecting the values of these securities may occur between the times at which they are determined and the close of the NYSE that will not be reflected in the computation of the NAV. The Fund relies on third-party pricing vendors to monitor for events materially affecting the value of these securities during this period. If an event occurs, the third-party pricing vendors will provide revised values to the Fund.
Fair Valuation Individual Securities
Since the Fund may invest in securities that are restricted, unlisted, traded infrequently, thinly traded, or relatively illiquid, there is the possibility of a differential between the last available market prices for one or more of those securities and the latest indications of market values for those securities. The Fund has procedures, approved by the board of trustees, to determine the fair value of individual securities and other assets for which market prices are not readily available (such as certain restricted or unlisted securities and private placements) or which may not be reliably priced (such as in the case of trade suspensions or halts, price movement limits set by certain foreign markets, and thinly traded or illiquid securities). Some methods for valuing these securities may include: fundamental analysis (earnings multiple, etc.), matrix pricing, discounts from market prices of similar securities, or discounts applied due to the nature and duration of restrictions on the disposition of the securities. The board of trustees oversees the application of fair value pricing procedures.
The application of fair value pricing procedures represents a good faith determination based upon specifically applied procedures. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were able to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Security Valuation Foreign Securities Computation of U.S. Equivalent Value
The Fund generally determines the value of a foreign security as of the close of trading on the foreign stock exchange on which the security is primarily traded, or as of the close of trading on the NYSE, if earlier. The value is then converted into its U.S. dollar equivalent at the foreign exchange rate in effect at the close of the NYSE (generally 1:00 p.m. Pacific time) on the day that the value of the foreign security is determined. If no sale is reported at that time, the foreign security will be valued within the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. Occasionally events (such as repatriation limits or restrictions) may impact the availability or reliability of foreign exchange rates used to convert the U.S. dollar equivalent value. If such an event occurs, the foreign exchange rate will be valued at fair value using procedures established and approved by the board of trustees.
Accounts with Low Balances
If your account has been open for more than one year and its value falls below $500 ($50 for employee and UGMA/UTMA accounts), we will mail you a notice asking you to bring the account back up to its applicable minimum investment amount. If you choose not to do so within 30 days, we will close your account and mail the proceeds to the address of record. You will not be charged a CDSC if your account is closed for this reason. This policy does not apply to: (1) certain broker-controlled accounts established through the National Securities Clearing Corporations Networking system; (2) accounts in Class B and Class A accounts established pursuant to a conversion from Class B; (3) tax-deferred retirement plan accounts; (4) active automatic investment plan accounts; (5) broker-dealer sponsored separately managed accounts (wrap accounts); (6) accounts held through a 529 college savings program; and, (7) Coverdell Education Savings Plan accounts.
Statements, Reports and Prospectuses
You will receive quarterly account statements that show all your account transactions during the quarter. You also will receive written notification after each transaction affecting your account (except for distributions and transactions made through automatic investment or withdrawal programs, which will be reported on your quarterly statement).
You also will receive the Fund's financial reports every six months as well as an annual updated prospectus. To reduce Fund expenses, we try to identify related shareholders in a household and send only one copy of the financial reports and prospectus. This process, called "householding," will continue indefinitely unless you instruct us otherwise. If you prefer not to have these documents householded, please call us at (800) 632-2301. At any time you may view current prospectuses and financial reports on our website.
If you choose, you may receive your statements, financial reports and prospectuses through electronic delivery (please see "Investor Services - Telephone/Online Privileges").
Investment Representative Account Access
If there is a dealer or other investment representative of record on your account, he or she will be able to obtain your account information, conduct transactions for your account, and also will receive copies of all notifications and statements and other information about your account directly from the Fund.
Street or Nominee Accounts
You may transfer your shares from the street or nominee name account of one dealer to another, as long as both dealers have an agreement with Distributors. We will process the transfer after we receive authorization in proper form from your delivering securities dealer.
Joint Accounts
Unless you specify a different registration, shares issued to two or more owners are registered as "joint tenants with rights of survivorship" (shown as "Jt Ten" on your account statement). To make any ownership changes to jointly owned shares, or to sever a joint tenancy in jointly owned shares, all owners must agree in writing.
Joint Account Risk with Telephone/Online Privileges
You will automatically receive telephone/online privileges when you open your account. If your account has more than one registered owner, telephone/online privileges allow the Fund to accept online registration for online services (including electronic delivery of shareholder documents) and transaction instructions online or by telephone from only one registered owner. This means that any one registered owner on your account, acting alone and without the consent of any other registered owner , may give the Fund instructions by telephone, online or in writing (subject to any limitations in telephone or online privileges) to:
If you do NOT want another registered owner on your account to be able to issue these kinds of instructions to the Fund without your consent, you must instruct the Fund to deny/terminate online privileges and the ability to issue such instructions by telephone so that these types of instructions will only be accepted in writing signed by all account owners. This decision will apply to any other fund into which you may exchange your jointly owned Fund shares. Any later decision to permit these types of instructions by telephone and/or online will need to be given to the Fund in a written instruction signed by all registered owners.
Additional Policies
Please note that the Fund maintains additional policies and reserves certain rights, including:
Dealer Compensation
Class A, B, C & R
Qualifying dealers who sell Fund shares may receive sales commissions and other payments. These are paid by Distributors from sales charges received from purchasing or redeeming shareholders, from distribution and service (12b-1) fees from the Fund and from Distributors' other financial resources. Dealers may also receive shareholder servicing fees for servicing investors who indirectly hold Franklin Templeton fund shares through dealer-maintained brokerage accounts as more fully described under "Shareholder servicing and transfer agent" in the SAI. These fees are paid by the Fund's transfer agent from payments it receives under its agreement with the Fund.
No dealer commission will be paid on Class A NAV purchases by Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
If any dealer commissions are paid in connection with a purchase which is subsequently rejected or results in any trading restriction placed on the purchaser as a result of a determination by the Fund's investment manager or transfer agent that the purchase may be connected with trading activity that may be detrimental to the Fund as described in the Fund's "Frequent Trading Policy," the dealer shall, upon demand, refund such commissions to Distributors.
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | |
Commission (%) | -- | -- | 1.00 1 | -- |
Investment under $50,000 | 5.00 | -- | -- | -- |
$50,000 but under $100,000 | 3.75 | -- | -- | -- |
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 2.80 | -- | -- | -- |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 2.00 | -- | -- | -- |
$500,000 but under $1 million | 1.60 | -- | -- | -- |
$1 million or more | up to 1.00 2 | -- | -- | -- |
12b-1 fee to dealer | 0.25 2, 3 | 0.25 4 | 1.00 5 | 0.50 |
1. Commission includes advance of the first year's 0.25% 12b-1 service fee. Distributors may pay a prepaid commission. However, Distributors does not pay a prepaid commission on any purchases by Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
2. For purchases at NAV where Distributors paid a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee in the 13th month after purchase. For purchases at NAV where Distributors did not pay a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee at the time of purchase.
3. Under the Distribution Plan for Class A, the Focused Core Equity Fund, Growth Opportunities Fund and Small Cap Fund may pay up to 0.35% to Distributors or others, out of which 0.10% generally will be retained by Distributors for its distribution expenses. The board of trustees has currently determined to set such fees under the Plan at 0.30% (until further notice), thus reducing the amount that will be retained by Distributors.
4. After eight years, Class B shares convert to Class A shares and dealers may then receive the 12b-1 fee applicable to Class A.
5. Dealers may be eligible to receive up to 0.25% at the time of purchase and may be eligible to receive 1% starting in the 13th month. During the first 12 months, the full 12b-1 fee will be paid to Distributors to partially offset the commission and the prepaid service fee paid at the time of purchase. For purchases at NAV where Distributors did not pay a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee at the time of purchase.
Other dealer and financial intermediary compensation. Distributors may make payments (a portion of which may be reimbursable under the terms of the Fund's Rule 12b-1 distribution plans) to certain dealers who have sold shares of the Franklin Templeton mutual funds. In the case of any one dealer, marketing support payments will not exceed the sum of 0.08% of that dealer's current year's total sales of Franklin Templeton mutual funds, and 0.05% (or 0.03%) of the total assets of equity (or fixed income) funds attributable to that dealer, on an annual basis. Marketing support payments made to organizations located outside the U.S., with respect to investments in the Fund by non-U.S. persons, may exceed this limitation. Distributors makes these payments in connection with the qualifying dealers' efforts to educate financial advisors about the Franklin Templeton funds. Any current year sales to, or assets held on behalf of, Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans for which payment is made to a financial intermediary pursuant to the following paragraph will be excluded from the calculation of marketing support payments pursuant to this paragraph.
Distributors and/or its affiliates may also make payments (a portion of which may be reimbursable under the terms of the Fund's Rule 12b-1 distribution plans) to certain financial intermediaries in connection with their activities that are intended to assist in the sale of shares of the Franklin Templeton mutual funds, directly or indirectly, to certain Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans. In the case of any one financial intermediary, such payments will not exceed 0.10% of the total assets of Franklin Templeton mutual funds held, directly or indirectly, by such Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, on an annual basis.
A number of factors will be considered in determining these payments, including the qualifying dealer or financial intermediary's sales, assets and redemption rates, the nature and quality of any servicing provided by the financial intermediary, and the quality of the dealer or financial intermediary's relationship with Distributors. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine the advisability of continuing these payments. These payments may be in addition to any shareholder servicing fees paid by the Fund's transfer agent from payments it receives under its agreement with the Fund.
To the extent permitted by SEC and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority rules and other applicable laws and regulations, Distributors may pay or allow other promotional incentives or payments to dealers.
Sale of Fund shares, as well as shares of other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments, is not considered a factor in the selection of broker-dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions. Accordingly, the allocation of portfolio transactions for execution by broker-dealers that sell Fund shares is not considered marketing support payments to such broker-dealers.
You can find further details in the SAI about the payments made by Distributors and the services provided by your financial advisor. Your financial advisor may charge you additional fees or commissions other than those disclosed in this prospectus. You should ask your financial advisor for information about any payments it receives from Distributors and any services it provides, as well as about fees and/or commissions it charges.
Questions
If you have any questions about the Fund or your account, you can write to us at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151. You also can call us at one of the following numbers. For your protection and to help ensure we provide you with quality service, all calls may be monitored or recorded.
Department Name | Telephone Number |
Hours (Pacific time,
Monday through Friday) |
Shareholder Services | (800) 632-2301 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Fund Information |
(800) DIAL BEN
(800) 342-5236 |
5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Retirement Services | (800) 527-2020 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Advisor Services | (800) 524-4040 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
TDD (hearing impaired) | (800) 851-0637 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Automated Telephone System |
(800) 632-2301
(800) 524-4040 (800) 527-2020 |
(around-the-clock access) |
FOR MORE INFORMATION
You can learn more about the Fund in the following documents:
Annual/Semiannual Report to Shareholders
Includes a discussion of recent market conditions and Fund strategies that significantly affected Fund performance during its last fiscal year, financial statements, detailed performance information, portfolio holdings and, in the annual report only, the independent registered public accounting firms report.
Statement of Additional Information (SAI)
Contains more information about the Fund, its investments and policies. It is incorporated by reference (is legally a part of this prospectus).
For a free copy of the current annual/semiannual report or the SAI, please contact your investment representative or call us at the number below. You also can view the current annual/semiannual report and the SAI online through franklintempleton.com.
You also can obtain information about the Fund by visiting the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC (phone (202) 551-8090) or the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. You can obtain copies of this information, after paying a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-0102 or by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
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One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906
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Investment Company Act file #811-06243 |
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© 2011 Franklin Templeton Investments. All rights reserved. |
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2262 |
FSS1 P 09/11 |
September 1, 2011 |
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The SEC has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. |
Class A | Class C | Advisor Class | |
Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund | FBDIX | | Pending |
Franklin Natural Resources Fund | FRNRX | FNCRX | FNRAX |
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PROSPECTUS |
Franklin
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Contents |
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FUND SUMMARIES |
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INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE INVESTING |
Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund
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FUND DETAILS |
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MORE INFORMATION ON INVESTMENT POLICIES, PRACTICES AND RISKS/FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS |
Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund
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YOUR ACCOUNT |
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INFORMATION ABOUT SALES CHARGES, QUALIFIED INVESTORS, ACCOUNT TRANSACTIONS AND SERVICES |
Choosing a Share Class
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FOR MORE INFORMATION |
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WHERE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE FUND |
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FUND SUMMARIES
Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund
Investment Goal
Capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
These tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts in Class A if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in Franklin Templeton funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and under Your Account on page 46 in the Fund's Prospectus and under Buying and Selling Shares on page 48 of the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
SHAREHOLDER FEES (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A |
Advisor
Class |
|
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as percentage of offering price) | 5.75% | None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as percentage of the lower of original purchase price or sale proceeds) | None | None |
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES | (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
Class A |
Advisor
Class |
|
Management fees | 0.53% | 0.53% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.29% | None |
Other expenses | 0.50% | 0.50% |
Acquired fund fees and expenses | 0.01% | 0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 1.33% | 1.04% |
Fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement 1 | -0.01% | -0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses after fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement 2 | 1.32% | 1.03% |
1. The investment manager has contractually agreed in advance to reduce its fee as a result of the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund (acquired fund) for at least the next 12-month period. Contractual fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement agreements may not be terminated during the term set forth above.
2. Total annual Fund operating expenses differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of the period. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example reflects adjustments made to the Fund's operating expenses due to the fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement by the investment manager and/or administrator for the 1 Year numbers only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Class A | $ 702 | $ 971 | $ 1,261 | $ 2,084 |
Advisor Class | $ 105 | $ 330 | $ 573 | $ 1,271 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 235.14% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in securities of biotechnology companies and discovery research firms. The Fund predominantly invests in equity securities, primarily common stock. For the Funds investment purposes, a biotechnology company is one that has at least 50% of its earnings derived from biotechnology activities, or at least 50% of its assets devoted to such activities, based on the companys most recent fiscal year. Biotechnology activities are research, development, manufacture, and distribution of various biotechnological or biomedical products, services, and processes. This may include companies involved with genomics, genetic engineering, and gene therapy. It also includes companies involved in the application and development of biotechnology in areas such as health care, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. In addition to its investments in biotechnology companies, the Fund may also invest up to 20% of its net assets in equity or debt securities of any type of foreign or U.S. issuer. The Fund is a "non-diversified" fund, which means it generally invests a greater portion of its assets in the securities of one or more issuers and invests overall in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund.
The Fund may invest a substantial portion of its assets in equity securities of smaller capitalization companies, which are generally companies with market capitalizations of less than $1.5 billion at the time of the Funds investment.
The Fund anticipates that under normal conditions, it will invest more of its assets in U.S. securities than in securities of any other single country. It is currently anticipated that the Funds investments in foreign securities will not exceed 20% of it total assets. The Fund may buy foreign securities that are traded in the U.S. or in foreign markets, as well as American, European, and Global Depositary Receipts.
The investment manager is a research driven, fundamental investor, pursuing a growth strategy. As a "bottom-up" investor focusing primarily on individual securities, the investment manager seeks companies that have identifiable drivers of future earnings growth and that present, in the investment manager's opinion, the best trade-off between that potential earnings growth, business and financial risk, and valuation.
Principal Risks
You could lose money by investing in the Fund. Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government.
Biotechnology Industry The biotechnology industry is affected by government regulatory requirements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical products, patent considerations, product liability, and similar matters. In addition, this industry is characterized by competition and rapid technological developments which may make a companys products or services obsolete in a short period of time. In the past, the biotechnology sector has experienced considerable volatility in reaction to research and other business developments which may affect only one, or a few companies within the sector. The market value of investments in the biotechnology industry is often based upon speculation and expectations about future products, research progress, and new product filings with regulatory authorities. In addition, compared to more developed industries, there may be a thin trading market in biotechnology securities.
Concentration By focusing on an industry or a group of industries, the Fund carries much greater risks of adverse developments and price movements in such industries than a fund that invests in a wider variety of industries. Because the Fund concentrates in a specific industry or group of industries, there is also the risk that the Fund will perform poorly during a slump in demand for securities in such industries.
Market The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up and down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. A securitys market value may be reduced by market activity or other results of supply and demand unrelated to the issuer. This is a basic risk associated with all securities. When there are more sellers than buyers, prices tend to fall. Likewise, when there are more buyers than sellers, prices tend to rise.
Growth Style Investing Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Prices of these companies securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller Companies Securities issued by smaller companies may be more volatile in price than those of larger companies, involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Such risks may include greater sensitivity to economic conditions, less certain growth prospects, lack of depth of management and funds for growth and development and limited or less developed product lines and markets. In addition, smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans.
Foreign Securities Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities, including risks related to currency exchange rates and policies, country or government specific issues, less favorable trading practices or regulation and greater price volatility. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations.
Non-Diversification Because the Fund is non-diversified, it may be more sensitive to economic, business, political or other changes affecting similar issuers or investments than a diversified fund, which may result in greater fluctuation in the value of the Funds shares and greater risk of loss.
Management The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. The Fund's investment manager applies investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these decisions will produce the desired results.
Performance
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's performance from year to year for Class A shares. The table shows how the Fund's average annual returns for 1 year, 5 years, 10 years or since inception, as applicable, compared with those of a broad measure of market performance. The Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. You can obtain updated performance information at franklintempleton.com or by calling (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236.
Sales charges are not reflected in the bar chart, and if those charges were included, returns would be less than those shown.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
Best Quarter: | Q2'01 | 27.28% |
Worst Quarter: | Q1'01 | -32.15% |
As of June 30, 2011, the Fund's year-to-date return was 12.91% for Class A. |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
(figures reflect sales charges) |
For the periods ended December 31, 2010 |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund - Class A | |||
Return Before Taxes | 10.54% | 2.68% | -1.20% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | 10.54% | 2.68% | -1.20% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | 6.85% | 2.30% | -1.02% |
Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund - Advisor Class | 17.64% | 3.99% | -0.58% |
S&P 500 ® Index (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 15.06% | 2.29% | 1.41% |
NASDAQ Biotechnology Index (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 15.01% | 4.19% | -1.11% |
The secondary index in the table above shows how the Fund's performance compares to a group of securities that aligns more closely with the Fund's investment strategies.
Historical performance for Advisor Class shares prior to their inception is based on the performance of Class A shares. Advisor Class performance has been adjusted to reflect differences in sales charges between classes.
The after-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns are shown only for Class A and after-tax returns for other classes will vary.
Investment Manager
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers)
Portfolio Managers
EVAN MCCULLOCH, CFA Vice President of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since 1997.
VINCENT XIANG, PH.D. Portfolio Manager of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since 2004.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any business day online through our website at franklintempleton.com, by mail (Franklin Templeton Investor Services, P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151), or by telephone at (800) 632-2301. The minimum initial purchase for most accounts is $1,000 (or $50 under an automatic investment plan).
Taxes
The Funds distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and
Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial advisor or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
Franklin Natural Resources Fund
Investment Goal
High total return. Total return consists of both capital appreciation and current dividend and interest income.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
These tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts in Class A if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in Franklin Templeton funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and under Your Account on page 46 in the Fund's Prospectus and under Buying and Selling Shares on page 48 of the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
SHAREHOLDER FEES (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class C |
Advisor
Class |
|
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as percentage of offering price) | 5.75% | None | None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as percentage of the lower of original purchase price or sale proceeds) | None | 1.00% | None |
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES | (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
Class A | Class C |
Advisor
Class |
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Management fees | 0.47% | 0.47% | 0.47% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.30% | 1.00% | None |
Other expenses | 0.24% | 0.24% | 0.24% |
Acquired fund fees and expenses | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 1.02% | 1.72% | 0.72% |
Fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement 1 | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses after fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement 2 | 1.01% | 1.71% | 0.71% |
1. The investment manager has contractually agreed in advance to reduce its fee as a result of the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund (acquired fund) for at least the next 12-month period. Contractual fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement agreements may not be terminated during the term set forth above.
2. Total annual Fund operating expenses differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of the period. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example reflects adjustments made to the Fund's operating expenses due to the fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement by the investment manager and/or administrator for the 1 Year numbers only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Class A | $ 672 | $ 880 | $ 1,105 | $ 1,751 |
Class C | $ 274 | $ 541 | $ 933 | $ 2,030 |
Advisor Class | $ 73 | $ 229 | $ 400 | $ 894 |
If you do not sell your shares: | ||||
Class C | $ 174 | $ 541 | $ 933 | $ 2,030 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 23.60% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in the equity and debt securities of companies in the natural resources sector. The Fund predominantly invests in equity securities, primarily common stock. For the Funds investment purposes, the natural resources sector includes companies that own, produce, refine, process, transport and market natural resources and companies that provide related services. The sector includes, for example, the following industries: integrated oil, oil and gas exploration and production, gold and other precious metals, steel and iron ore production, energy services and technology, base metal production, forest products, farming products, paper products, chemicals, building materials, coal, alternative energy sources and environmental services. In addition to its investments in companies in the natural resources sector, the Fund may also invest up to 20% of its net assets in equity or debt securities of any type of foreign or U.S. issuer.
The Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in smaller capitalization companies, which are generally companies with market capitalizations of less than $1.5 billion at the time of the Funds investment. The Fund anticipates that, under normal conditions, it will invest more of its assets in U.S. securities than in securities of any other single country. The Fund may also buy American Depositary Receipts.
The investment manager is a research driven, fundamental investor, pursuing a growth strategy. As a "bottom-up" investor focusing primarily on individual securities, the investment manager seeks companies that have identifiable drivers of future earnings growth and that present, in the investment manager's opinion, the best trade-off between that potential earnings growth, business and financial risk, and valuation.
Principal Risks
You could lose money by investing in the Fund. Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government.
Natural Resources Focus The securities of companies in the natural resources sector may experience more price volatility than securities of companies in other industries. Some of the commodities used as raw materials or produced by these companies are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of industry wide supply and demand factors. In addition, companies in the natural resources sector may be subject to special risks associated with natural or man-made disasters.
Concentration By focusing on an industry or a group of industries, the Fund carries much greater risks of adverse developments and price movements in such industries than a fund that invests in a wider variety of industries. Because the Fund concentrates in a specific industry or group of industries, there is also the risk that the Fund will perform poorly during a slump in demand for securities in such industries.
Market The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up and down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. A securitys market value may be reduced by market activity or other results of supply and demand unrelated to the issuer. This is a basic risk associated with all securities. When there are more sellers than buyers, prices tend to fall. Likewise, when there are more buyers than sellers, prices tend to rise.
Growth Style Investing Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Prices of these companies securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller Companies Securities issued by smaller companies may be more volatile in price than those of larger companies, involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Such risks may include greater sensitivity to economic conditions, less certain growth prospects, lack of depth of management and funds for growth and development and limited or less developed product lines and markets. In addition, smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans.
Foreign Securities Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities, including risks related to currency exchange rates and policies, country or government specific issues, less favorable trading practices or regulation and greater price volatility. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations. The risks of investing in foreign securities are typically greater in less developed or emerging market countries.
Management The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. The Fund's investment manager applies investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these decisions will produce the desired results.
Performance
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's performance from year to year for Class A shares. The table shows how the Fund's average annual returns for 1 year, 5 years, 10 years or since inception, as applicable, compared with those of a broad measure of market performance. The Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. You can obtain updated performance information at franklintempleton.com or by calling (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236.
Sales charges are not reflected in the bar chart, and if those charges were included, returns would be less than those shown.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
Best Quarter: | Q3'05 | 23.70% |
Worst Quarter: | Q4'08 | -36.13% |
As of June 30, 2011, the Fund's year-to-date return was 5.26% for Class A. |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
(figures reflect sales charges) |
For the periods ended December 31, 2010 |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Natural Resources Fund - Class A | |||
Return Before Taxes | 22.65% | 9.05% | 10.62% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | 22.12% | 7.95% | 9.91% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | 14.88% | 7.38% | 9.16% |
Franklin Natural Resources Fund - Class C | 28.18% | 9.57% | 9.41% 1 |
Franklin Natural Resources Fund - Advisor Class | 30.52% | 10.67% | 11.65% |
S&P 500 ® Index (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 15.06% | 2.29% | 1.41% |
S&P North American Natural Resources Sector Index (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 23.88% | 8.99% | 9.96% |
1. Since inception September 1, 2005.
The secondary index in the table above shows how the Fund's performance compares to a group of securities that aligns more closely with the Fund's investment strategies.
The after-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns are shown only for Class A and after-tax returns for other classes will vary.
Investment Manager
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers)
Portfolio Managers
FREDERICK G. FROMM, CFA Vice President of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since 2003.
MATTHEW ADAMS, CFA Portfolio Manager of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since 2008.
STEPHEN M. LAND, CFA Portfolio Manager of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since 1999.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any business day online through our website at franklintempleton.com, by mail (Franklin Templeton Investor Services, P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151), or by telephone at (800) 632-2301. The minimum initial purchase for most accounts is $1,000 (or $50 under an automatic investment plan).
Taxes
The Funds distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and
Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial advisor or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
FUND DETAILS
Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund
Investment Goal
The Fund's investment goal is to seek capital appreciation.
Principal Investment Policies and Practices
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in securities of biotechnology companies and discovery research firms. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days' advance notice of any change to this policy.
The Fund may invest a substantial portion of its assets in equity securities of smaller capitalization companies, which are generally companies with market capitalizations of less than $1.5 billion at the time of the Fund's investment, and may invest a small portion of its assets in private or illiquid securities, such as late stage venture capital financings.
For the Fund's investment purposes, a biotechnology company is one that has at least 50% of its earnings derived from biotechnology activities, or at least 50% of its assets devoted to such activities, based on the company's most recent fiscal year. Biotechnology activities are research, development, manufacture, and distribution of various biotechnological or biomedical products, services, and processes. This may include companies involved with genomics, genetic engineering, and gene therapy. It also includes companies involved in the application and development of biotechnology in areas such as health care, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. In addition to its investments in biotechnology companies, the Fund may also invest up to 20% of its net assets in equity or debt securities of any type of foreign or U.S. issuer.
An equity security represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the company's business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets, and general market conditions. Common stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities. The Fund may engage from time to time in short sales of equity securities when it believes that the sales present favorable opportunities. In a short sale, the Fund sells a security that it does not own to a purchaser at a specified price, while in a short sale against the box, the Fund actually holds in its portfolio the securities which it has sold short. The Fund will not sell any securities short if, after the sale, the total market value of its open short positions would exceed 50% of its assets.
The Fund anticipates that under normal conditions, it will invest more of its assets in U.S. securities than in securities of any other single country. Although the Fund may invest more than 50% of its total assets in foreign securities, it is currently anticipated that the Fund's investments in foreign securities will not exceed 20% of it total assets. The Fund may buy foreign securities that are traded in the U.S. or in foreign markets, as well as American, European, and Global Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts are certificates typically issued by a bank or trust company that give their holders the right to receive securities issued by a foreign or domestic company.
The Fund also may attempt, from time to time, to hedge (protect) against market risk and to generate income for the Fund by buying and selling put and call options on equity securities and equity security indices. Generally, an option is a contract that gives the purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy a specified security or other instrument from the writer of the option (in the case of a call option), or to sell a specified security or other instrument to the writer of the option (in the case of put option) at a designated price during the term of the option. With respect to hedging strategies, options may be used to hedge securities or other positions held by the Fund. To earn income in the form of the premium received for writing the option, the Fund could sell equity call options while at the same time positioning the Fund to sell the underlying equity securities at a targeted price determined by the investment manager. The investment manager considers various factors, such as availability and cost, in deciding whether, when and to what extent to use options or an options related strategy.
Portfolio Selection
The investment manager is a research driven, fundamental investor, pursuing a growth strategy. As a "bottom-up" investor focusing primarily on individual securities, the investment manager chooses companies that have identifiable drivers of future earnings growth and that present, in the investment manager's opinion, the best trade-off between earnings growth, business and financial risk, and valuation. The manager relies on a team of analysts to help provide in-depth industry expertise and uses both qualitative and quantitative analysis to evaluate companies for distinct and sustainable competitive advantages likely to lead to growth in earnings and/or share price. Competitive advantages such as a particular product niche, proven technology, sound financial position, and strong management are all factors the investment manager believes may contribute to strong growth potential.
Temporary Investments
When the investment manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the investment manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include money market securities, including shares of money market funds managed by the investment manager or its affiliates, or short-term debt securities. The investment manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goal.
Principal Risks
Biotechnology Industry
By focusing on the biotechnology industry, the Fund carries much greater risks of adverse developments within such industry than a fund that invests in a wider variety of industries. The biotechnology industry is subject to extensive government regulation. The industry will be affected by government regulatory requirements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical products, patent considerations, product liability, and similar matters. In addition, this industry is characterized by competition and rapid technological developments which may make a company's products or services obsolete in a short period of time. As these factors impact the biotechnology industry, the value of your shares of the Fund may fluctuate significantly over relatively short periods of time.
Investors tend to react quickly to developments that affect the biotechnology industry. In the past, the biotechnology sector has experienced considerable volatility in reaction to research and other business developments which may affect only one, or a few companies within the sector. In comparison to more developed industries, there may be a thin trading market in biotechnology securities, and adverse developments in the biotechnology industry may be more likely to result in decreases in the value of biotechnology stocks. Stock prices often change collectively without regard to the merits of individual companies.
Biotechnology companies are often small, start-up ventures whose products are only in the research stage. Only a limited number of biotechnology companies have reached the point of approval of products by the FDA and subsequent commercial production and distribution of such products. Therefore, the market value of investments in the biotechnology industry is often based upon speculation and expectations about future products, research progress, and new product filings with regulatory authorities. There can be no assurance that the Fund will continue to have access to adequate investment opportunities on terms that the investment manager believes to be favorable. The Fund's investments are speculative and may drop sharply in value in response to adverse research and development, regulatory, or market events.
The Fund's performance at times in the past has been positively affected by highly favorable investment conditions in the biotechnology industry that are likely not sustainable. Investors should not expect similar performance in the future.
Concentration
By focusing on an industry or a group of industries, the Fund carries much greater risks of adverse developments and price movements in such industries than a fund that invests in a wider variety of industries. Because the Fund concentrates in a specific industry or group of industries, there is also the risk that the Fund will perform poorly during a slump in demand for securities in such industries.
Market
The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting individual issuers, securities markets generally or particular industries or sectors within the securities markets. The value of a security may go up or down due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular issuer, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for revenues or corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also go up or down due to factors that affect an individual issuer or a particular industry or sector, such as changes in production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value. When markets perform well, there can be no assurance that the Fund's securities will participate in or otherwise benefit from the advance.
Generally, stocks have historically outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Growth Style Investing
Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Growth stocks may be more expensive relative to their current earnings or assets compared to value or other stocks, and if earnings growth expectations moderate, their valuations may return to more typical norms, causing their stock prices to fall. Prices of these companies securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller Companies
While smaller companies may offer substantial opportunities for capital growth, they also involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Historically, smaller company securities have been more volatile in price than larger company securities, especially over the short term. Among the reasons for the greater price volatility are the less certain growth prospects of smaller companies, the lower degree of liquidity in the markets for such securities, and the greater sensitivity of smaller companies to changing economic conditions.
In addition, smaller companies may lack depth of management, be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or development, have limited product lines or be developing or marketing new products or services for which markets are not yet established and may never become established. Smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans which are floating rate.
Foreign Securities
Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations.
Currency exchange rates. Foreign securities may be issued and traded in foreign currencies. As a result, their market values in U.S. dollars may be affected by changes in exchange rates between such foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar, as well as between currencies of countries other than the U.S. For example, if the value of the U.S. dollar goes up compared to a foreign currency, an investment traded in that foreign currency will go down in value because it will be worth fewer U.S. dollars. The Fund accrues additional expenses when engaging in currency exchange transactions, and valuation of the Fund's foreign securities may be subject to greater risk because both the currency (relative to the U.S. dollar) and the security must be considered.
Currency management strategies. Currency management strategies may substantially change the Fund's exposure to currency exchange rates and could result in losses to the Fund if currencies do not perform as the investment manager expects. In addition, currency management strategies, to the extent that they reduce the Fund's exposure to currency risks, may also reduce the Fund's ability to benefit from favorable changes in currency exchange rates. There is no assurance that the investment manager's use of currency management strategies will benefit the Fund or that they will be, or can be, used at appropriate times. Furthermore, there may not be perfect correlation between the amount of exposure to a particular currency and the amount of securities in the portfolio denominated in that currency. Investing in foreign currencies for purposes of gaining from projected changes in exchange rates, as opposed to hedging currency risks applicable to the Fund's holdings, further increases the Fund's exposure to foreign securities losses.
Political and economic developments. The political, economic and social structures of some foreign countries may be less stable and more volatile than those in the U.S. Investments in these countries may be subject to greater risks of internal and external conflicts, expropriation, nationalization of assets, foreign exchange controls (such as suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a given country), restrictions on removal of assets, political or social instability, military action or unrest, diplomatic developments, currency devaluations, foreign ownership limitations, and punitive or confiscatory tax increases. It is possible that a government may take over the assets or operations of a company or impose restrictions on the exchange or export of currency or other assets. Some countries also may have different legal systems that may make it difficult for the Fund to vote proxies, exercise shareholder rights, and pursue legal remedies with respect to its foreign investments. Diplomatic and political developments, including rapid and adverse political changes, social instability, regional conflicts, terrorism and war, could affect the economies, industries and securities and currency markets, and the value of the Fund's investments, in non-U.S. countries. These factors are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to predict and take into account with respect to the Fund's investments.
Trading practices. Brokerage commissions, withholding taxes, custodial fees, and other fees generally are higher in foreign markets. The policies and procedures followed by foreign stock exchanges, currency markets, trading systems and brokers may differ from those applicable in the U.S. with possibly negative consequences to the Fund. The procedures and rules governing foreign trading, settlement and custody (holding of the Fund's assets) also may result in losses or delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or other property. Foreign government supervision and regulation of foreign securities markets and trading systems may be less than or different from government supervision in the U.S. and may increase the Fund's regulatory and compliance burden and/or decrease the Fund's investor rights and protections.
Availability of information. Foreign issuers may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. issuers. Thus, there may be less information publicly available about foreign issuers than about most U.S. issuers.
Limited markets. Certain foreign securities may be less liquid (harder to sell) and their prices may be more volatile than many U.S. securities. Illiquidity tends to be greater, and valuation of the Fund's foreign securities may be more difficult, due to the infrequent trading and/or delayed reporting of quotes and sales.
Regional. Adverse conditions in a certain region can adversely affect securities of issuers in other countries whose economies appear to be unrelated. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a specific geographic region, the Fund will generally have more exposure to regional economic risks. In the event of economic or political turmoil or a deterioration of diplomatic relations in a region or country where a substantial portion of the Fund's assets are invested, the Fund may experience substantial illiquidity.
Short Sales
In a short sale of a security, the Fund sells a security it does not own and must borrow the security to deliver it to the purchaser. The Fund then later buys the same security in the market in order to return it to the lender. Short sales carry risks of loss if the price of the security sold short increases after the sale and the Fund must then pay more for the security than it has received from the purchaser in the short sale.
Liquidity
Liquidity risk exists when the market for particular securities or types of securities are or become relatively illiquid so that the Fund is unable, or it becomes more difficult for the Fund, to sell the security at the price at which the Fund has valued the security. Illiquidity may result from political, economic or issuer specific events or overall market disruptions. Securities with reduced liquidity or that become illiquid involve greater risk than securities with more liquid markets. Market quotations for such securities may be volatile and/or subject to large spreads between bid and ask prices. Reduced liquidity may have an adverse impact on market price and the Fund's ability to sell particular securities when necessary to meet the Fund's liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event.
Non-Diversification
The Fund is a "non-diversified" fund. It generally invests a greater portion of its assets in the securities of one or more issuers and invests overall in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. The Fund may be more sensitive to a single economic, business, political, regulatory or other occurrence than a more diversified portfolio might be, which may result in greater fluctuation in the value of the Fund's shares and to a greater risk of loss.
Derivative Instruments
Options are considered derivative instruments. The performance of derivative instruments depends, at least in part, on the performance of an underlying asset or index. Derivative instruments involve costs, may be volatile, and may involve a small investment relative to the risk assumed. Their successful use will usually depend on the managers ability to accurately forecast movements in the relevant market, such as stock market movements or in the price of the specific underlying instrument. Should a market move in an unexpected manner, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the transaction, or it may realize losses. To the extent that the Fund uses such instruments for hedging purposes, there is the risk of imperfect correction between movements in the value of the derivative instrument and the value of underlying investment or other asset being hedged.
Use of these instruments could also result in a loss if the counterparty to the transaction (with respect to OTC options) does not perform as promised, including such counterpartys bankruptcy or insolvency. Other risks include the inability to close out a position because the trading market becomes illiquid or the availability of counterparties becomes limited for a short or even prolonged period of time and the possible presence of speculators in the particular market that may lead to price distortions. To the extent that the Fund is unable to close out a position because of market illiquidity, the Funds liquidity may be impaired to the extent that it has a substantial portion of its otherwise liquid assets marked as segregated to cover its obligations under such derivative instruments. Investors should bear in mind that the Fund is not obligated to actively engage in these transactions. The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of commodity pool operator and therefore is not subject to regulation or registration as such under the Commodity Exchange Act.
Management
The Fund is actively managed and could experience losses if the investment manager's judgment about markets, interest rates or the attractiveness, relative values, liquidity, or potential appreciation of particular investments made for the Fund's portfolio prove to be incorrect. There can be no guarantee that these techniques or the investment manager's investment decisions will produce the desired results. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the investment techniques available to the investment manager in connection with managing the Fund and may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment goal.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage, as of July 31, 2011, over $747 billion in assets, and have been in the investment management business since 1947.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals focused on investments in securities of biotechnology companies and discovery research firms. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
EVAN MCCULLOCH, CFA Vice President of Advisers
Mr. McCulloch has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 1997 and assumed duties of lead portfolio manager of the Fund in 2000. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund. He has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated cash management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1992.
VINCENT XIANG, PH.D. Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Dr. Xiang has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2004, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 2004.
CFA ® and Chartered Financial Analyst ® are trademarks owned by CFA Institute.
The Funds SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisers a fee for managing the Fund's assets. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, Advisers agreed to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Funds investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund. The management fees before and after such waiver for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were 0.53% and 0.52%.
Financial Highlights
The Financial Highlights present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since its inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 65.08 | $ 49.73 | $ 54.72 | $ 64.53 | $ 56.44 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.80 | -0.51 | -0.21 | -0.59 | -0.57 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 13.50 | 15.86 | -4.78 | -9.22 | 8.66 |
Total from investment operations | 12.70 | 15.35 | -4.99 | -9.81 | 8.09 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 77.78 | $ 65.08 | $ 49.73 | $ 54.72 | $ 64.53 |
Total return e | 19.51% | 30.87% | -9.12% | -15.22% | 14.39% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before expense reduction | 1.31% | 1.32% | 1.32% | 1.24% | 1.35% |
Expenses net of expense reduction | 1.31% f | 1.32% f | 1.32% f | 1.23% | 1.35% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.24% | -0.87% | -0.38% | -0.98% | -1.01% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 402,112 | $ 346,127 | $ 274,324 | $ 318,537 | $ 457,390 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 235.14% | 41.58% | 45.57% | 31.84% | 42.08% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
ADVISOR CLASS | Year Ended April 30, | |
2011 | 2010 a | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 65.20 | $ 57.01 |
Income from investment operations: b | ||
Net investment income (loss) c | -0.62 | -0.40 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 13.57 | 8.59 |
Total from investment operations | 12.95 | 8.19 |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 78.15 | $ 65.20 |
Total return d | 19.86% | 14.37% |
Ratios to average net assets e | ||
Expenses f | 1.02% | 1.05% |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.95% | -0.60% |
Supplemental data | ||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 5,009 | $ 1,596 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 235.14% | 41.58% |
a. For the period September 1, 2009 (effective date) to April 30, 2010.
b. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
c. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
d. Total return is not annualized for periods less than one year.
e. Ratios are annualized for periods less than one year.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
Franklin Natural Resources Fund
Investment Goal
The Fund's investment goal is to seek to provide high total return. Total return consists of both capital appreciation and current dividend and interest income.
Principal Investment Policies and Practices
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in the equity and debt securities of companies in the natural resources sector. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days' advance notice of any change to this policy.
The Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in smaller capitalization companies, which are generally companies with market capitalizations of less than $1.5 billion at the time of the Fund's investment.
For the Fund's investment purposes, the natural resources sector includes companies that own, produce, refine, process, transport and market natural resources and companies that provide related services. The sector includes, for example, the following industries: integrated oil, oil and gas exploration and production, gold and other precious metals, steel and iron ore production, energy services and technology, base metal production, forest products, farming products, paper products, chemicals, building materials, coal, alternative energy sources and environmental services. In addition to its investments in companies in the natural resources sector, the Fund may also invest up to 20% of its net assets in equity or debt securities of any type of foreign or U.S. issuer.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests primarily in equity securities and in debt securities convertible into equity securities. The Fund predominantly invests in equity securities, primarily common stock. An equity security represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the company's business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets, and general market conditions. Common stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities. Debt securities represent the obligation of the issuer to repay a loan of money to it, and generally pay interest to the holder. Bonds, notes, and debentures are examples of debt securities. Convertible securities have characteristics of both debt securities (which is frequently the form in which they are first issued) and equity securities (which is what they can be converted into).
The Fund anticipates that, under normal conditions, it will invest more of its assets in U.S. securities than in securities of any other single country, but the Fund may invest up to 50% of its total assets in foreign securities, including emerging market securities. The Fund may also buy American Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts are certificates typically issued by a bank or trust company that give their holders the right to receive securities issued by a foreign or domestic company.
The Fund also may attempt, from time to time, to hedge (protect) against market risk and to generate income for the Fund by buying and selling put and call options on equity securities and equity security indices. Generally, an option is a contract that gives the purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy a specified security or other instrument from the writer of the option (in the case of a call option), or to sell a specified security or other instrument to the writer of the option (in the case of put option) at a designated price during the term of the option. With respect to hedging strategies, options may be used to hedge securities or other positions held by the Fund. To earn income in the form of the premium received for writing the option, the Fund could sell equity call options while at the same time positioning the Fund to sell the underlying equity securities at a targeted price determined by the investment manager. The investment manager considers various factors, such as availability and cost, in deciding whether, when and to what extent to use options or an options related strategy.
Portfolio Selection
The investment manager is a research driven, fundamental investor, pursuing a growth strategy. As a "bottom-up" investor focusing primarily on individual securities, the investment manager chooses companies that have identifiable drivers of future earnings growth and that present, in the investment manager's opinion, the best trade-off between earnings growth, business and financial risk, and valuation. The manager relies on a team of analysts to help provide in-depth industry expertise and uses both qualitative and quantitative analysis to evaluate companies for distinct and sustainable competitive advantages likely to lead to growth in earnings and/or share price. Competitive advantages such as a particular product niche, proven technology, sound financial position, and strong management are all factors the investment manager believes may contribute to strong growth potential.
Temporary Investments
When the investment manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the investment manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include money market securities, including shares of money market funds managed by the investment manager or its affiliates, or short-term debt securities. The investment manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goal.
Principal Risks
Natural Resources Focus
By focusing on the natural resources sector, the Fund carries much greater risks of adverse developments than a fund that invests in a wider variety of industries. The securities of companies in the natural resources sector may experience more price volatility than securities of companies in other industries. Some of the commodities used as raw materials or produced by these companies are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of industry wide supply and demand factors. As a result, companies in the natural resources sector often have limited pricing power over supplies or for the products they sell which can affect their profitability. In addition, companies in the natural resources sector may be subject to special risks associated with natural or man-made disasters.
The Fund's concentration in the securities of companies with substantial natural resource assets will expose the Fund to the price movements of natural resources to a greater extent than a more broadly diversified mutual fund. Because the Fund invests primarily in this economic sector, there is the risk that the Fund will perform poorly during an economic downturn or a slump in demand for natural resources.
Concentration
By focusing on an industry or a group of industries, the Fund carries much greater risks of adverse developments and price movements in such industries than a fund that invests in a wider variety of industries. Because the Fund concentrates in a specific industry or group of industries, there is also the risk that the Fund will perform poorly during a slump in demand for securities in such industries.
Market
The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting individual issuers, securities markets generally or particular industries or sectors within the securities markets. The value of a security may go up or down due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular issuer, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for revenues or corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also go up or down due to factors that affect an individual issuer or a particular industry or sector, such as changes in production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value. When markets perform well, there can be no assurance that the Fund's securities will participate in or otherwise benefit from the advance.
Generally, stocks have historically outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Growth Style Investing
Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Growth stocks may be more expensive relative to their current earnings or assets compared to value or other stocks, and if earnings growth expectations moderate, their valuations may return to more typical norms, causing their stock prices to fall. Prices of these companies securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller Companies
While smaller companies may offer substantial opportunities for capital growth, they also involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Historically, smaller company securities have been more volatile in price than larger company securities, especially over the short term. Among the reasons for the greater price volatility are the less certain growth prospects of smaller companies, the lower degree of liquidity in the markets for such securities, and the greater sensitivity of smaller companies to changing economic conditions.
In addition, smaller companies may lack depth of management, be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or development, have limited product lines or be developing or marketing new products or services for which markets are not yet established and may never become established. Smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans which are floating rate.
Foreign Securities
Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations.
Currency exchange rates. Foreign securities may be issued and traded in foreign currencies. As a result, their market values in U.S. dollars may be affected by changes in exchange rates between such foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar, as well as between currencies of countries other than the U.S. For example, if the value of the U.S. dollar goes up compared to a foreign currency, an investment traded in that foreign currency will go down in value because it will be worth fewer U.S. dollars. The Fund accrues additional expenses when engaging in currency exchange transactions, and valuation of the Fund's foreign securities may be subject to greater risk because both the currency (relative to the U.S. dollar) and the security must be considered.
Currency management strategies. Currency management strategies may substantially change the Fund's exposure to currency exchange rates and could result in losses to the Fund if currencies do not perform as the investment manager expects. In addition, currency management strategies, to the extent that they reduce the Fund's exposure to currency risks, may also reduce the Fund's ability to benefit from favorable changes in currency exchange rates. There is no assurance that the investment manager's use of currency management strategies will benefit the Fund or that they will be, or can be, used at appropriate times. Furthermore, there may not be perfect correlation between the amount of exposure to a particular currency and the amount of securities in the portfolio denominated in that currency. Investing in foreign currencies for purposes of gaining from projected changes in exchange rates, as opposed to hedging currency risks applicable to the Fund's holdings, further increases the Fund's exposure to foreign securities losses.
Political and economic developments. The political, economic and social structures of some foreign countries may be less stable and more volatile than those in the U.S. Investments in these countries may be subject to greater risks of internal and external conflicts, expropriation, nationalization of assets, foreign exchange controls (such as suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a given country), restrictions on removal of assets, political or social instability, military action or unrest, diplomatic developments, currency devaluations, foreign ownership limitations, and punitive or confiscatory tax increases. It is possible that a government may take over the assets or operations of a company or impose restrictions on the exchange or export of currency or other assets. Some countries also may have different legal systems that may make it difficult for the Fund to vote proxies, exercise shareholder rights, and pursue legal remedies with respect to its foreign investments. Diplomatic and political developments, including rapid and adverse political changes, social instability, regional conflicts, terrorism and war, could affect the economies, industries and securities and currency markets, and the value of the Fund's investments, in non-U.S. countries. These factors are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to predict and take into account with respect to the Fund's investments.
Trading practices. Brokerage commissions, withholding taxes, custodial fees, and other fees generally are higher in foreign markets. The policies and procedures followed by foreign stock exchanges, currency markets, trading systems and brokers may differ from those applicable in the U.S. with possibly negative consequences to the Fund. The procedures and rules governing foreign trading, settlement and custody (holding of the Fund's assets) also may result in losses or delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or other property. Foreign government supervision and regulation of foreign securities markets and trading systems may be less than or different from government supervision in the U.S. and may increase the Fund's regulatory and compliance burden and/or decrease the Fund's investor rights and protections.
Availability of information. Foreign issuers may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. issuers. Thus, there may be less information publicly available about foreign issuers than about most U.S. issuers.
Limited markets. Certain foreign securities may be less liquid (harder to sell) and their prices may be more volatile than many U.S. securities. Illiquidity tends to be greater, and valuation of the Fund's foreign securities may be more difficult, due to the infrequent trading and/or delayed reporting of quotes and sales.
Regional. Adverse conditions in a certain region can adversely affect securities of issuers in other countries whose economies appear to be unrelated. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a specific geographic region, the Fund will generally have more exposure to regional economic risks. In the event of economic or political turmoil or a deterioration of diplomatic relations in a region or country where a substantial portion of the Fund's assets are invested, the Fund may experience substantial illiquidity.
Convertible Securities
A convertible security is generally a debt obligation, preferred stock or other security that pays interest or dividends and may be converted by the holder within a specified period of time into common stock. The value of convertible securities may rise and fall with the market value of the underlying stock or, like a debt security, vary with changes in interest rates and the credit quality of the issuer. A convertible security tends to perform more like a stock when the underlying stock price is high relative to the conversion price (because more of the security's value resides in the option to convert) and more like a debt security when the underlying stock price is low relative to the conversion price (because the option to convert is less valuable). Because its value can be influenced by many different factors, a convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar non-convertible debt security, and generally has less potential for gain or loss than the underlying stock.
Derivative Instruments
Options are considered derivative instruments. The performance of derivative instruments depends, at least in part, on the performance of an underlying asset or index. Derivative instruments involve costs, may be volatile, and may involve a small investment relative to the risk assumed. Their successful use will usually depend on the managers ability to accurately forecast movements in the relevant market, such as stock market movements or in the price of the specific underlying instrument. Should a market move in an unexpected manner, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the transaction, or it may realize losses. To the extent that the Fund uses such instruments for hedging purposes, there is the risk of imperfect correction between movements in the value of the derivative instrument and the value of underlying investment or other asset being hedged.
Use of these instruments could also result in a loss if the counterparty to the transaction (with respect to OTC options) does not perform as promised, including such counterpartys bankruptcy or insolvency. Other risks include the inability to close out a position because the trading market becomes illiquid or the availability of counterparties becomes limited for a short or even prolonged period of time and the possible presence of speculators in the particular market that may lead to price distortions. To the extent that the Fund is unable to close out a position because of market illiquidity, the Funds liquidity may be impaired to the extent that it has a substantial portion of its otherwise liquid assets marked as segregated to cover its obligations under such derivative instruments. Investors should bear in mind that the Fund is not obligated to actively engage in these transactions. The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of commodity pool operator and therefore is not subject to regulation or registration as such under the Commodity Exchange Act.
Management
The Fund is actively managed and could experience losses if the investment manager's judgment about markets, interest rates or the attractiveness, relative values, liquidity, or potential appreciation of particular investments made for the Fund's portfolio prove to be incorrect. There can be no guarantee that these techniques or the investment manager's investment decisions will produce the desired results. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the investment techniques available to the investment manager in connection with managing the Fund and may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment goal.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage, as of July 31, 2011, over $747 billion in assets, and have been in the investment management business since 1947.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals focused on investments in the equity and debt securities of the natural resources companies. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
FREDERICK G. FROMM, CFA Vice President of Advisers
Mr. Fromm has been a lead portfolio manager of the Fund since 2003. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund. He has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1992.
MATTHEW ADAMS, CFA Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Mr. Adams has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2008, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 2005.
STEPHEN M. LAND, CFA Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Mr. Land has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 1999, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1997.
CFA ® and Chartered Financial Analyst ® are trademarks owned by CFA Institute.
The Funds SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisers a fee for managing the Fund's assets. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, Advisers agreed to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Funds investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund. The management fees before and after such waiver for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were 0.47% and 0.46%.
Special Servicing Agreement
Effective May 1, 2009, the Fund, which is an underlying investment fund of one or more funds of Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series Funds (the "Allocator Funds"), entered into a Special Servicing Agreement with the Allocator Funds and certain service providers of the Fund and the Allocator Funds, pursuant to which the Fund may pay a portion of the Allocator Funds' expenses, including transfer agency and shareholder servicing costs, to the extent such payments are less than the amount of the benefits realized or expected to be realized by the Fund from the investment in the Fund by the Allocator Funds.
Financial Highlights
The Financial Highlights present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since its inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 33.15 | $ 22.55 | $ 45.78 | $ 37.84 | $ 35.92 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income b | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.09 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 12.21 | 11.02 | -21.78 | 11.11 | 4.29 |
Total from investment operations | 12.24 | 11.03 | -21.73 | 11.16 | 4.38 |
Less distributions from: | |||||
Net investment income | -0.64 | -0.43 | | -0.52 | -0.25 |
Net realized gains | | | -1.50 | -2.70 | -2.21 |
Total distributions | -0.64 | -0.43 | -1.50 | -3.22 | -2.46 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 44.75 | $ 33.15 | $ 22.55 | $ 45.78 | $ 37.84 |
Total return e | 37.31% | 49.04% | -46.81% | 30.37% | 12.86% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses | 1.00% | 1.04% f | 1.09% f | 0.97% f | 1.03% f |
Net investment income | 0.07% | 0.02% | 0.18% | 0.13% | 0.26% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 1,153,098 | $ 673,662 | $ 393,713 | $ 752,051 | $ 475,912 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 23.60% | 31.18% | 46.97% | 37.93% | 51.51% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS C | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 32.57 | $ 22.15 | $ 45.35 | $ 37.58 | $ 35.79 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.23 | -0.20 | -0.16 | -0.25 | -0.17 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 11.98 | 10.81 | -21.54 | 11.04 | 4.25 |
Total from investment operations | 11.75 | 10.61 | -21.70 | 10.79 | 4.08 |
Less distributions from: | |||||
Net investment income | -0.45 | -0.19 | | -0.32 | -0.08 |
Net realized gains | | | -1.50 | -2.70 | -2.21 |
Total distributions | -0.45 | -0.19 | -1.50 | -3.02 | -2.29 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 43.87 | $ 32.57 | $ 22.15 | $ 45.35 | $ 37.58 |
Total return e | 36.30% | 48.00% | -47.19% | 29.47% | 12.01% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses | 1.70% | 1.74% f | 1.82% f | 1.68% f | 1.76% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.63% | -0.68% | -0.55% | -0.58% | -0.47% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 241,746 | $ 123,939 | $ 61,360 | $ 85,387 | $ 33,723 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 23.60% | 31.18% | 46.97% | 37.93% | 51.51% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
ADVISOR CLASS | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 35.19 | $ 23.94 | $ 48.27 | $ 39.71 | $ 37.57 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income b | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.18 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 12.98 | 11.71 | -22.97 | 11.69 | 4.52 |
Total from investment operations | 13.12 | 11.81 | -22.83 | 11.88 | 4.70 |
Less distributions from: | |||||
Net investment income | -0.73 | -0.56 | | -0.62 | -0.35 |
Net realized gains | | | -1.50 | -2.70 | -2.21 |
Total distributions | -0.73 | -0.56 | -1.50 | -3.32 | -2.56 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 47.58 | $ 35.19 | $ 23.94 | $ 48.27 | $ 39.71 |
Total return | 37.70% | 49.48% | -46.66% | 30.74% | 13.20% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses | 0.70% | 0.74% e | 0.82% e | 0.68% e | 0.76% e |
Net investment income | 0.37% | 0.32% | 0.45% | 0.42% | 0.53% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 243,180 | $ 106,773 | $ 52,402 | $ 77,361 | $ 52,103 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 23.60% | 31.18% | 46.97% | 37.93% | 51.51% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
Additional Management Information
A discussion regarding the basis for the board of trustees' approving the investment management contract of the Fund (hereinafter "the Fund") is available in the Fund's annual report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended April 30.
In 2003 and 2004, multiple lawsuits were filed against Franklin Resources, Inc., and certain of its investment advisor subsidiaries, among other defendants, alleging violations of federal securities and state laws and seeking, among other relief, monetary damages, restitution, removal of fund trustees, directors, investment managers, administrators and distributors, rescission of management contracts and 12b-1 plans, and/or attorneys fees and costs. Specifically, the lawsuits claim breach of duty with respect to alleged arrangements to permit market timing and/or late trading activity, or breach of duty with respect to the valuation of the portfolio securities of certain Templeton funds managed by Franklin Resources, Inc. subsidiaries, allegedly resulting in market timing activity. The lawsuits are styled as class actions, or derivative actions on behalf of either the named funds or Franklin Resources, Inc., and have been consolidated for pretrial purposes, along with hundreds of other similar lawsuits against other mutual fund companies. All of the Franklin Templeton Investments mutual funds and the independent trustees to those funds that were named in the litigation have since been dismissed as defendants.
Franklin Resources, Inc. previously disclosed these private lawsuits in its regulatory filings and on its public website. Any material updates regarding these matters will be disclosed in Franklin Resources, Inc.s Form 10-Q or Form 10-K filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Distributions and Taxes
The information is provided with respect to each Fund (hereafter the "Fund").
Income and Capital Gain Distributions
As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The Fund intends to pay income dividends at least annually from its net investment income. Capital gains, if any, may be paid at least annually. The amount of any distribution will vary, and there is no guarantee the Fund will pay either income dividends or capital gain distributions. Your income dividends and capital gain distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional shares at net asset value (NAV) unless you elect to receive them in cash.
Annual statements. After the close of each calendar year, you will receive a statement from the Fund that shows the federal income tax treatment of the distributions you received during the prior calendar year. If the Fund finds it necessary to reclassify income after it issues your tax statement, the Fund will send you a revised statement. Distributions declared in December to shareholders of record in such month and paid in January are taxable as if they were paid in December. Additional tax information about the Fund's distributions is available at franklintempleton.com.
Avoid "buying a dividend" At the time you purchase your Fund shares, the Funds net asset value may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation in the value of the portfolio securities held by the Fund. For taxable investors, a subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable. Buying shares in the Fund just before it declares an income dividend or capital gain distribution is sometimes known as buying a dividend.
Tax Considerations
If you are a taxable investor, Fund distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains or some combination of both. This is the case whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares or receive them in cash.
Dividend income. Income dividends are generally subject to tax at ordinary rates. Income dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as qualified dividend income may be subject to tax by individuals at reduced long-term capital gains tax rates provided certain holding period requirements are met. These reduced rates of taxation are presently scheduled to sunset and, unless extended, will no longer apply to qualified dividends paid with respect to taxable years of the Fund beginning after December 31, 2012. A return-of-capital distribution is generally not taxable but will reduce the cost basis of your shares, and will result in a higher capital gain or a lower capital loss when you later sell your shares.
Capital gains. Fund distributions of short-term capital gains are also subject to tax at ordinary rates. Fund distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable at the reduced long-term capital gains rates no matter how long you have owned your Fund shares. For individuals in the 10% and 15% tax brackets, the long-term capital gains tax rate is 0%. For individuals in higher tax brackets, the long-term capital gains rate is 15%. These reduced rates are presently scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2012.
Sales of Fund shares. When you sell your shares in the Fund, or exchange them for shares of a different Franklin Templeton fund, you will generally realize a taxable capital gain or loss. If you have owned your Fund shares for more than one year, any net long-term capital gains will qualify for the reduced rates of taxation on long-term capital gains. An exchange of your shares in one class of the Fund for shares of another class of the same Fund is not taxable and no gain or loss will be reported on the transaction.
Backup withholding. If you do not provide the Fund your taxpayer identification number and certain required certifications you may be subject to federal backup withholding at 28% on any taxable Fund distributions and proceeds from the sale of your Fund shares. State backup withholding may also apply.
State and local taxes. Distributions of ordinary income and capital gains, and gains from the sale of your Fund shares, are generally subject to state and local taxes.
Non-U.S. investors. Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. withholding tax at 30% or a lower treaty rate on Fund dividends of ordinary income. Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. estate tax on the value of their shares. They are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements to avoid backup withholding, claim any exemptions from withholding and claim any treaty benefits. Exemptions from U.S. withholding tax are provided for capital gain dividends paid by the Fund from long-term capital gains and, with respect to taxable years of the Fund that begin before January 1, 2012 (sunset date), interest-related dividends paid by the Fund from its qualified net interest income from U.S. sources and short-term capital gain dividends.
Other tax information. This discussion of "Distributions and Taxes" is for general information only and is not tax advice. You should consult your own tax advisor regarding your particular circumstances, and about any federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences before making an investment in the Fund. Additional information about the tax consequences of investing in the Fund may be found in the Statement of Additional Information.
YOUR ACCOUNT
Choosing a Share Class
Each class has its own sales charge and expense structure, allowing you to choose the class that best meets your situation. Your investment representative can help you decide. Investors may purchase Class C shares only for Fund accounts on which they have appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) of record. Investors who have not appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) to existing Class C share Fund accounts, may not make additional purchases to those accounts but may exchange their shares to a Franklin Templeton fund that offers Class C shares. Dividend and capital gain distributions may continue to be reinvested in existing Class C share Fund accounts. These provisions do not apply to Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
Class A | Class C | Advisor Class |
Initial sales charge of 5.75% or less | No initial sales charge | See "Qualified Investors - Advisor Class" below |
Deferred sales charge of 1% on purchases of $1 million or more sold within 18 months | Deferred sales charge of 1% on shares you sell within 12 months | |
Lower annual expenses than Class C due to lower distribution fees | Higher annual expenses than Class A due to higher distribution fees |
Class A & C
1. The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares purchased (which factors in the applicable sales charge in this table) and the net asset value of those shares. Since the offering price is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number of shares purchased and the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower depending on whether there was a downward or upward rounding.
Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
Quantity discounts. We offer two ways for you to combine your current purchase of Class A Fund shares with other existing Franklin Templeton fund share holdings that might enable you to qualify for a lower sales charge with your current purchase. You can qualify for a lower sales charge when you reach certain "sales charge breakpoints." This quantity discount information is also available free of charge at franklintempleton.com/retail/jsp_cm/fund_perf/pub/quantity_discount.jsp. This web page can also be reached at franklintempleton.com by clicking the "Funds" tab and then choosing "Quantity Discounts."
1. Cumulative quantity discount - lets you combine certain existing holdings of Franklin Templeton fund shares - referred to as "cumulative quantity discount eligible shares" - with your current purchase of Class A shares to determine if you qualify for a sales charge breakpoint.
Cumulative quantity discount eligible shares are Franklin Templeton fund shares registered to (or held by a financial intermediary for):
Franklin Templeton fund shares held through an administrator or trustee/custodian of an Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan such as a 401(k) plan (see definition below) do not qualify for a cumulative quantity discount.
Franklin Templeton fund assets held in multiple Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans may be combined in order to qualify for sales charge breakpoints at the plan level if the plans are sponsored by the same employer.
If you believe there are cumulative quantity discount eligible shares that can be combined with your current purchase to achieve a sales charge breakpoint (for example, shares held in a different broker-dealers brokerage account or with a bank or an investment advisor), it is your responsibility to specifically identify those shares to your financial advisor at the time of your purchase (including at the time of any future purchase). If you have not designated a financial advisor associated with your Franklin Templeton fund shares , it is your responsibility to specifically identify any cumulative quantity discount eligible shares to the Funds transfer agent at the time of any purchase.
If there are cumulative quantity discount eligible shares that would qualify for combining with your current purchase and you do not tell your financial advisor or the Franklin Templeton funds transfer agent at the time of any purchase, you may not receive the benefit of a reduced sales charge that might otherwise be available since your financial advisor and the Fund generally will not have that information.
The value of cumulative quantity discount eligible shares equals the cost or current value of those shares, whichever is higher. The current value of shares is determined by multiplying the number of shares by their highest current public offering price. It is your responsibility to retain any records necessary to substantiate historical share costs because neither your current financial advisor nor the Franklin Templeton funds may have or maintain this information.
An "Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan" is a Qualified Retirement Plan, ERISA covered 403(b) and certain non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that operate in a similar manner to a Qualified Retirement Plan, such as 457 plans and executive deferred compensation arrangements, but not including employer sponsored IRAs. A "Qualified Retirement Plan" is an employer sponsored pension or profit sharing plan that qualifies under section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, including 401(k), money purchase pension, profit sharing and defined benefit plans.
2. Letter of intent (LOI) - expresses your intent to buy a stated dollar amount of "cumulative quantity discount eligible shares" (as defined in the "Cumulative quantity discount" section above) over a 13-month period and lets you receive the same sales charge as if all shares had been purchased at one time. We will reserve 5% of your total intended purchase in Class A shares registered in your name until you fulfill your LOI to cover any additional sales charge that may apply if you do not buy the amount stated in your LOI. It is your responsibility to tell your financial advisor when you believe you have fulfilled your LOI with sufficient cumulative quantity discount eligible shares. If you have not designated a financial advisor associated with your Franklin Templeton fund shares, it is your responsibility to tell the Funds transfer agent when you believe you have fulfilled your LOI with sufficient cumulative quantity discount eligible shares. Please refer to the SAI for more LOI details.
To sign up for these programs, complete the appropriate section of your account application.
Franklin Templeton funds include all of the U.S. registered mutual funds of Franklin Templeton Investments and the Franklin Mutual Recovery Fund. They do not include the funds in the Franklin Templeton Variable Insurance Products Trust.
Sales charge waivers. Class A shares may be purchased without an initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) by certain investors or for certain payments. If you would like information about available sales charge waivers, call your investment representative or call Shareholder Services at (800) 632-2301. A list of available sales charge waivers also may be found in the SAI.
Investments of $1 Million or More
If you invest $1 million or more, either as a lump sum or through our cumulative quantity discount or letter of intent programs, you can buy Class A shares without an initial sales charge. However, there is a 1% CDSC on any shares you sell within 18 months of purchase. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see "Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A & C").
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class A has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution fees of up to 0.35% per year to those who sell and distribute Class A shares and provide other services to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class A's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. The board of trustees has set the current amount payable under the Class A plan at 0.30% until further notice.
SALES CHARGES - Class C - Natural Resources Fund |
With Class C shares, there is no initial sales charge. |
We place any investment of $1 million or more in Class A shares, since Class A's annual expenses are lower.
CDSC
There is a 1% CDSC on any Class C shares you sell within 12 months of purchase. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see "Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A & C").
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class C has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution and other fees of up to 1% per year for the sale of Class C shares and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class C's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A & C
The CDSC for each class is based on the current value of the shares being sold or their net asset value when purchased, whichever is less. There is no CDSC on shares you acquire by reinvesting your dividends or capital gain distributions.
To keep your CDSC as low as possible, each time you place a request to sell shares we will first sell any shares in your account that are not subject to a CDSC. If there are not enough of these to meet your request, we will sell the shares in the order they were purchased. We will use this same method if you exchange your shares into another Franklin Templeton fund (please see Exchanging Shares).
The holding period for the CDSC begins on the day you buy your shares. Your shares will age one month on that same date the next month and each following month. For example, if you buy shares on the 18th of the month, they will age one month on the 18th day of the next month and each following month.
Reinstatement Privilege
If you sell shares of a Franklin Templeton fund that were held indirectly for your benefit in an account with your investment representatives firm or your banks trust department or that were registered to you directly by the Fund's transfer agent (or, to an affiliated custodian or trustee of the Funds transfer agent), you may reinvest all or a portion of the proceeds from that sale within 90 days of the sale without an initial sales charge. This Reinstatement Privilege does not apply to: (i) a purchase of Fund shares made through a regularly scheduled automatic investment plan such as a purchase by a regularly scheduled payroll deduction or transfer from a bank account, or (ii) a purchase of Fund shares with proceeds from the sale of Franklin Templeton fund shares that were held indirectly through a non-Franklin Templeton individual or employer sponsored IRA.
In order to take advantage of this Reinstatement Privilege, you must inform your investment representative or the Fund's transfer agent of this privilege at the time of your investment. The proceeds from the earlier sale must also be invested within the same share class as that of the sold shares, except proceeds will be reinvested in Class A shares if the proceeds are from the sale of (i) Class B (or Class B1) shares; or (ii) Class C (or Class C1) shares or Class R shares if at the time of investment you have not appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) of record for the Fund account(s) in which the purchased shares will be held. Proceeds from the earlier sale of Class Z shares may also be invested in Class A shares under this Reinstatement Privilege.
If you paid a CDSC when you sold your Class A, A1, C or C1 shares, Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) will credit back to you the CDSC paid on the amount you are reinvesting within 90 days of the sale by adding it to the amount of your reinvestment (for example, if you are reinvesting $10,000 within 90 days of an earlier $10,000 sale on which you paid a $100 CDSC, the amount of your reinvestment will equal $10,100). The new shares issued with your reinvestment WILL BE subject to any otherwise applicable CDSC. If, however, you (except Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans) paid a CDSC when you sold (1) Class B (or Class B1) shares; or (2) Class C (or Class C1) shares held at the time of sale in a Franklin Templeton fund account without an investment representative (financial advisor) appointed by you and invest the proceeds from that sale in Class A shares within 90 days of the sale, you will not be credited with any CDSC paid at the time of sale. In this case, the new Class A shares issued with your reinvestment WILL NOT BE subject to any otherwise applicable CDSC.
Proceeds immediately placed in a Franklin Templeton Bank Certificate of Deposit (CD) also may be reinvested without an initial sales charge if you reinvest them within 90 days from the date the CD matures, including any rollover.
This privilege does not apply to shares you buy and sell under our exchange program. Shares purchased with the proceeds from a money fund may be subject to a sales charge.
Qualified Investors - Advisor Class
The following investors or investments may qualify to buy Advisor Class shares of the Fund:
Buying Shares
MINIMUM INVESTMENTS - CLASS A & C
Initial | |
Regular accounts | $ 1,000 |
Automatic investment plans | $ 50 |
UGMA/UTMA accounts | $ 100 |
Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, SIMPLE-IRAs, SEP-IRAs, SARSEPs or 403(b) plan accounts | no minimum |
IRAs, IRA rollovers, Coverdell Education Savings Plans or Roth IRAs | $ 250 |
Broker-dealer sponsored wrap account programs | no minimum |
Current and former full-time employees, officers, trustees and directors of Franklin Templeton entities, and their family members | $ 100 |
Please note that you may only buy shares of a fund eligible for sale in your state or jurisdiction.
Account Application
If you are opening a new account, please complete and sign the enclosed account application. Make sure you indicate the share class you have chosen. If you do not indicate a class, we will place your purchase in Class A shares. To save time, you can sign up now for services you may want on your account by completing the appropriate sections of the application (see "Investor Services"). For example, if you would like to link one of your bank accounts to your Fund account so that you may use electronic funds transfer to and from your bank account to buy and sell shares, please complete the bank information section of the application. We will keep your bank information on file for future purchases and redemptions. We do not accept cash, credit card convenience checks, non-bank money orders or travelers checks as forms of payment to purchase shares.
Franklin Templeton Investor Services
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
Call toll-free: (800) 632-2301
(Monday through Friday
5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific time)
or visit us online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
at franklintempleton.com
Investor Services
Automatic Investment Plan
This plan offers a convenient way for you to invest in the Fund by automatically transferring money from your checking or savings account each month to buy shares. To sign up, visit us online at franklintempleton.com or complete the appropriate section of your account application and mail it to Investor Services. If you are opening a new account, please include your minimum initial investment with your application.
Automated Telephone System
Our automated system offers around-the-clock access to information about your account or any Franklin Templeton fund. This service is available by dialing any of the following numbers from a touch-tone phone:
Shareholder Services | (800) 632-2301 |
Advisor Services | (800) 524-4040 |
Retirement Services | (800) 527-2020 |
Distribution Options
You may reinvest distributions you receive from the Fund in an existing account in the same share class* of the Fund or another Franklin Templeton fund. Initial sales charges and CDSCs will not apply to reinvested distributions. You also can have your distributions deposited in a bank account, or mailed by check. Deposits to a bank account may be made by electronic funds transfer.
* Class C shareholders may reinvest their distributions in Class A shares of any Franklin Templeton money fund. Advisor Class shareholders may reinvest in Advisor Class or Class A shares of another Franklin Templeton fund. To reinvest your distributions in Advisor Class shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, you must be a current shareholder in Advisor Class or otherwise qualify to buy that fund's Advisor Class shares.
If you received a distribution and chose to return it to purchase additional shares in Class A shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, you will not be charged an initial sales charge if you invest the distribution within 90 days of the distribution date.
Please indicate on your application the distribution option you have chosen, otherwise we will reinvest your distributions in the same share class of the Fund.
Retirement Plans
Franklin Templeton Investments offers a variety of retirement plans for individuals and businesses. These plans require separate applications, may require special forms for redemptions, and their policies and procedures may be different than those described in this prospectus. For more information, including a free retirement plan brochure or application, please call Retirement Services at (800) 527-2020.
Telephone/Online Privileges
You will automatically receive telephone/online privileges when you open your account, allowing you to obtain or view your account information, and conduct a number of transactions by phone or online, including: buy, sell, or exchange shares of most funds; use electronic funds transfer to buy or sell shares of most funds; change your address; and, add or change account services (including distribution options, systematic withdrawal plans and automatic investment plans).
To view your account information or request online transactions, you will first need to register for these services at the shareholder section of our website at franklintempleton.com. You will be asked to accept the terms of an online agreement(s) and establish a password for online services. If you are registered for online services, you may enroll online in Franklin Templetons electronic delivery program for your shareholder documents. This will allow you to receive electronic delivery (through our website) of most funds prospectuses, annual/semiannual reports to shareholders, and proxy statements, as well as your account(s) statements and trade confirmations, and discontinue receiving your paper copies through the U.S. mail. Using our shareholder website means you are consenting to sending and receiving personal financial information over the Internet, so you should be sure you are comfortable with the risks.
As long as we follow reasonable security procedures and act on instructions we reasonably believe are genuine, we will not be responsible for any losses that may occur from unauthorized requests. We will request passwords or other information, and also may record calls. To help safeguard your account, keep your password confidential, and verify the accuracy of your confirmation statements immediately after you receive them. Contact us immediately if you believe someone has obtained unauthorized access to your account or password. For transactions done over the Internet, we recommend the use of an Internet browser with 128-bit encryption. Certain methods of contacting us (such as by phone or by Internet) may be unavailable or delayed during periods of unusual market activity. Of course, you can decline telephone buy, sell, or exchange privileges on your account application, or choose not to register for online privileges. If you have telephone/online privileges on your account and want to discontinue them, please contact us for instructions. You may reinstate these privileges at any time in writing, including online registration with respect to online privileges.
Note: We discourage you from including confidential or sensitive information in any Internet communication to us. If you do choose to send email (encrypted or not) to us over the Internet, you are accepting the associated risks of lack of confidentiality.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
This plan allows you to automatically sell your shares and receive regular payments from your account. A CDSC may apply to withdrawals that exceed certain amounts. Certain terms and minimums apply. To sign up, visit us online at franklintempleton.com or complete the appropriate section of your application.
Franklin Templeton VIP Services ®
You may be eligible for Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® if you are currently eligible for the $250,000 sales charge breakpoint based solely on shares registered directly with the Franklin Templeton funds' transfer agent and excluding shares held indirectly through brokerage accounts. Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® shareholders enjoy enhanced service and transaction capabilities. Please contact Shareholder Services at (800) 632-2301 for additional information on this program.
Selling Shares
You can sell your shares at any time. Please keep in mind that a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) may apply.
Selling Shares in Writing
Generally, requests to sell $100,000 or less can be made over the phone, online, or with a simple letter. Sometimes, however, to protect you and the Fund we will need written instructions signed by all registered owners, with a signature guarantee for each owner, if:
We also may require a signature guarantee on instructions we receive from an agent, not the registered owners, or when we believe it would protect the Fund against potential claims based on the instructions received.
The amount may be higher for members of Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® . Please see Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® above for more information regarding eligibility.
A signature guarantee helps protect your account against fraud. You can obtain a signature guarantee at most banks and securities dealers.
A notary public CANNOT provide a signature guarantee.
Selling Recently Purchased Shares
If you sell shares recently purchased, we may delay sending you the proceeds until your check, draft or wire/electronic funds transfer has cleared, which may take seven business days.
Redemption Proceeds
Your redemption check will be sent within seven days after we receive your request in proper form. We are not able to receive or pay out cash in the form of currency.
Retirement Plans
You may need to complete additional forms to sell shares in a Franklin Templeton Bank & Trust retirement plan. For participants under the age of 59 1/2, tax penalties may apply. Call Retirement Services at (800) 527-2020 for details.
Selling Shares
To sell some or all of your shares |
|
Through your investment representative
Contact your investment representative By Mail
Send written instructions and endorsed share certificates (if you hold share certificates) to Investor Services. Corporate, partnership or trust accounts may need to send additional documents.
Specify the Fund, the account number and the dollar value or number of shares you wish to sell. Be sure to include all necessary signatures and any additional documents, as well as signature guarantees if required.
A check will be mailed to the name(s) and address on the account, or otherwise according to your written instructions. By Phone/Online (800) 632-2301franklintempleton.com
As long as your transaction is for $100,000 or less, you do not hold share certificates and you have not changed your address by phone or online within the last 15 days, you can sell your shares by phone or online. The amount may be higher for members of Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® . Please see Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® above for more information regarding eligibility.
A check will be mailed to the name(s) and address on the account, or a pre-authorized secondary address. Written instructions, with a signature guarantee, are required to send the check to another address or to make it payable to another person. |
By Electronic Funds Transfer (ACH)
You can call, write, or visit us online to have redemption proceeds sent to a bank account. See the policies at left for selling shares by mail, phone, or online.
Before requesting to have redemption proceeds sent to a bank account, please make sure we have your bank account information on file. If we do not have this information, you will need to send written instructions with your bank's name and a voided check or savings account deposit slip. If the bank and Fund accounts do not have at least one common owner, you must provide written instructions signed by all fund and bank account owners, and each individual must have his or her signature guaranteed.
If we receive your request in proper form by 1:00 p.m. Pacific time, proceeds sent by ACH generally will be available within two to three business days. By Exchange
Obtain a current prospectus for the fund you are considering. Prospectuses are available online at franklintempleton.com.
Call Shareholder Services at the number below or send signed written instructions. You also may place an exchange order online. See the policies at left for selling shares by mail, phone, or online.
If you hold share certificates, you will need to return them to the Fund before your exchange can be processed. |
Franklin Templeton Investor Services
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
Call toll-free: (800) 632-2301
(Monday through Friday 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific time)
or visit us online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
at franklintempleton.com
Exchanging Shares
Exchange Privilege
Class A & C
You can exchange shares between most Franklin Templeton funds within the same class,* generally without paying any additional sales charges. If you exchange shares from a money fund and those shares were not charged a sales charge previously, however, a sales charge may apply.
* Class Z shareholders of Franklin Mutual Series Funds may exchange into Class A without any sales charge. Advisor Class shareholders of another Franklin Templeton fund also may exchange into Class A without any sales charge. Advisor Class shareholders who exchange their shares for Class A shares and later decide they would like to exchange into another fund that offers Advisor Class may do so.
Any CDSC will continue to be calculated from the date of your initial investment and will not be charged at the time of the exchange. The purchase price for determining a CDSC on exchanged shares will be the price you paid for the original shares. If you exchange shares subject to a CDSC into a Class A money fund, the time your shares are held in the money fund will not count towards the CDSC holding period.
Advisor Class
You can exchange your Advisor Class shares for Advisor Class shares of other Franklin Templeton funds. You also may exchange your Advisor Class shares for Class A shares of a fund that does not currently offer an Advisor Class (without any sales charge)* or for Class Z shares of Franklin Mutual Series Funds.
* If you exchange into Class A shares and you later decide you would like to exchange into a fund that offers an Advisor Class, you may exchange your Class A shares for Advisor Class shares if you are a current shareholder in Advisor Class or you otherwise qualify to buy the fund's Advisor Class shares.
All Classes
The remainder of the Exchanging Shares section applies to all classes.
Generally exchanges may only be made between identically registered accounts, unless you send written instructions with a signature guarantee.
An exchange is really two transactions: a sale of one fund and the purchase of another. In general, the same policies that apply to purchases and sales also apply to exchanges, including minimum investment amounts (except exchanges of an entire account balance). Exchanges also generally have the same tax consequences as ordinary sales and purchases.
Rejected exchanges. If the Fund rejects an exchange request involving the sale of Fund shares, the rejected exchange request will also mean rejection of the request to purchase shares of another fund with the proceeds of the sale. Of course, you may generally redeem shares of the Fund at any time.
Exchanges through financial intermediaries. If you are investing indirectly in the Fund through a financial intermediary such as a broker-dealer, a bank, an insurance company separate account, an investment advisor, an administrator or trustee of an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan such as a 401(k) retirement plan and a 529 college savings plan that maintains a master account (an Omnibus Account) with the Fund for trading on behalf of its customers, different exchange and/or transfer limit guidelines and restrictions may apply. The financial intermediary through whom you are investing may choose to adopt different trading restrictions designed to discourage short-term or excessive trading. Consult with your financial intermediary (or, in the case of a 401(k) retirement plan, your plan sponsor) to determine what trading restrictions, including exchange/transfer limitations, may be applicable to you.
Fund exchange privilege changes/waiver. The Fund may terminate or modify (temporarily or permanently) this exchange privilege in the future. You will receive 60 days' notice of any material changes, unless otherwise provided by law.
Other funds' exchange privileges. If there is a conflict between the exchange privileges of two funds involved in an exchange transaction, the stricter policy will apply to the transaction. Other Franklin Templeton funds may have different exchange restrictions. Check each fund's prospectus for details.
Frequent Trading Policy
The Fund's board of trustees has adopted the following policies and procedures with respect to frequent trading in Fund shares (Frequent Trading Policy).
The Fund does not intend to accommodate short-term or frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares that may be detrimental to the Fund. For example, this type of trading activity could interfere with the efficient management of the Fund's portfolio or materially increase the Fund's transaction costs, administrative costs or taxes.
In addition, since the Fund may invest in foreign securities, it may be vulnerable to a form of short-term trading that is sometimes referred to as time-zone arbitrage. Time-zone arbitrage occurs when an investor seeks to take advantage of delays between changes in the value of a mutual funds portfolio holdings and the reflection of those changes in the funds net asset value per share. These delays are more likely to occur in the case of foreign investments, due to differences between the times during which the Funds international portfolio securities trade on foreign markets and the time as of which the Funds NAV is calculated (generally as of the close of the NYSE - please see Calculating Share Price). Time-zone arbitrage traders seek to purchase or redeem shares of a fund based on events occurring after foreign market closing prices are established, but before calculation of the funds NAV. This can result in the value of the Funds shares being diluted. One of the objectives of the Funds fair value pricing procedures is to minimize the possibility of this type of arbitrage (please see "Valuation - Foreign Securities - Potential Impact of Time Zones and Market Holidays"); however, there can be no assurance that the Funds valuation procedures will be successful in eliminating it.
Since the Fund may invest in securities that are, or may be, restricted, unlisted, traded infrequently, thinly traded, or relatively illiquid ("relatively illiquid securities"), it may be particularly vulnerable to arbitrage short-term trading. Such arbitrage traders may seek to take advantage of a possible differential between the last available market prices for one or more of those relatively illiquid securities that are used to calculate the Funds NAV and the latest indications of market values for those securities. One of the objectives of the Funds fair value pricing procedures is to minimize the possibilities of this type of arbitrage (please see "Fair Valuation - Individual Securities"); however, there can be no assurance that the Funds valuation procedures will be successful in eliminating it.
Through its transfer agent, the Fund performs ongoing monitoring of shareholder trading in shares of the Fund and other Franklin Templeton funds in order to try and identify shareholder trading patterns that suggest an ongoing short-term trading strategy. If shareholder trading patterns identified by the transfer agent through monitoring or from other information regarding the shareholders trading activity in non-Franklin Templeton funds leads the transfer agent to reasonably conclude that such trading may be detrimental to the Fund as described in this Frequent Trading Policy, the transfer agent, on behalf of the Fund, may temporarily or permanently bar future purchases into the Fund or, alternatively, may limit the amount, number or frequency of any future purchases and/or the method by which you may request future purchases and redemptions (including purchases and/or redemptions by an exchange or transfer between the Fund and any other mutual fund).
In considering an investors trading patterns, the Fund may consider, among other factors, the investors trading history both directly and, if known, through financial intermediaries, in the Fund, in other Franklin Templeton funds, in non-Franklin Templeton mutual funds, or in accounts under common control or ownership (see, for example, Investment by asset allocators in the SAI). The transfer agent may also reject any purchase or redemption request, whether or not it represents part of any ongoing trading pattern, if the Fund's investment manager or transfer agent reasonably concludes that the amount of the requested transaction may disrupt or otherwise interfere with the efficient management of the Funds portfolio.
Frequent trading through financial intermediaries. You are an investor subject to this Frequent Trading Policy whether you are a direct shareholder of the Fund or you are investing indirectly in the Fund through a financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer, bank, trust company, insurance company product such as an annuity contract, investment advisor, or an administrator or trustee of an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan such as a 401(k) retirement plan and a 529 college savings plan.
Some financial intermediaries maintain master accounts with the Fund on behalf of their customers (omnibus accounts). The Fund has entered into information sharing agreements with these financial intermediaries, which permit the Fund to obtain, upon request, information about the trading activity of the intermediarys customers that invest in the Fund. If the Funds transfer agent identifies omnibus account level trading patterns that have the potential to be detrimental to the Fund, the transfer agent may, in its sole discretion, request from the financial intermediary information concerning the trading activity of its customers. Based upon its review of the information, if the transfer agent determines that the trading activity of any customer may be detrimental to the Fund, it may, in its sole discretion, request the financial intermediary to restrict or limit further trading in the Fund by that customer. There can be no assurance that the transfer agents monitoring of omnibus account level trading patterns will enable it to identify all short-term trading by a financial intermediarys customers.
Revocation of trades. While the Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order for any reason, the Fund may also revoke executed purchase orders that the transfer agent reasonably concludes in its sole discretion may have been contrary to the objectives of the Fund's Frequent Trading Policy.
Account Policies
Calculating Share Price
Class A & C
When you buy shares, you pay the "offering price" for the shares. The "offering price" is determined by dividing the NAV per share by an amount equal to 1 minus the sales charge applicable to the purchase (expressed in decimals), calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria. The number of Fund shares you will be issued will equal the amount invested divided by the applicable offering price for those shares, calculated to three decimal places using standard rounding criteria. For example, if the NAV per share is $10.25 and the applicable sales charge for the purchase is 5.75%, the offering price would be calculated as follows: 10.25 divided by 1.00 minus 0.0575 [10.25/0.9425] equals 10.87533, which, when rounded to two decimal points, equals 10.88. The offering price per share would be $10.88.
When you sell shares, you receive the NAV minus any applicable CDSC.
All Classes
The value of a mutual fund is determined by deducting the funds liabilities from the total assets of the portfolio. The NAV per share is determined by dividing the total net asset value of each funds share class by the applicable number of shares outstanding per share class.
The Fund calculates the NAV per share each business day at the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 1:00 p.m. Pacific time). The Fund does not calculate the NAV on days the NYSE is closed for trading, which include New Year's Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, President's Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
When determining its NAV, the Fund values cash and receivables at their realizable amounts, and records interest as accrued and dividends on the ex-dividend date. The Fund generally utilizes two independent pricing services to assist in determining a current market value for each security. If market quotations are readily available for portfolio securities listed on a securities exchange, the Fund values those securities at the last quoted sale price or the official closing price of the day, respectively, or, if there is no reported sale, within the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. The Fund values over-the-counter portfolio securities within the range of the most recent bid and ask prices. If portfolio securities trade both in the over-the-counter market and on a stock exchange, the Fund values them according to the broadest and most representative market.
Requests to buy and sell shares are processed at the NAV next calculated after we or an approved financial intermediary receive your request in proper form.
Generally, trading in corporate bonds, U.S. government securities and money market instruments is substantially completed each day at various times before the close of the NYSE. The value of these securities used in computing the NAV is determined as of such times. Occasionally, events affecting the values of these securities may occur between the times at which they are determined and the close of the NYSE that will not be reflected in the computation of the NAV. The Fund relies on third-party pricing vendors to monitor for events materially affecting the value of these securities during this period. If an event occurs, the third-party pricing vendors will provide revised values to the Fund.
Fair Valuation Individual Securities
Since the Fund may invest in securities that are restricted, unlisted, traded infrequently, thinly traded, or relatively illiquid, there is the possibility of a differential between the last available market prices for one or more of those securities and the latest indications of market values for those securities. The Fund has procedures, approved by the board of trustees, to determine the fair value of individual securities and other assets for which market prices are not readily available (such as certain restricted or unlisted securities and private placements) or which may not be reliably priced (such as in the case of trade suspensions or halts, price movement limits set by certain foreign markets, and thinly traded or illiquid securities). Some methods for valuing these securities may include: fundamental analysis (earnings multiple, etc.), matrix pricing, discounts from market prices of similar securities, or discounts applied due to the nature and duration of restrictions on the disposition of the securities. The board of trustees oversees the application of fair value pricing procedures.
The application of fair value pricing procedures represents a good faith determination based upon specifically applied procedures. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were able to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Security Valuation Foreign Securities Computation of U.S. Equivalent Value
The Fund generally determines the value of a foreign security as of the close of trading on the foreign stock exchange on which the security is primarily traded, or as of the close of trading on the NYSE, if earlier. The value is then converted into its U.S. dollar equivalent at the foreign exchange rate in effect at the close of the NYSE (generally 1:00 p.m. Pacific time) on the day that the value of the foreign security is determined. If no sale is reported at that time, the foreign security will be valued within the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. Occasionally events (such as repatriation limits or restrictions) may impact the availability or reliability of foreign exchange rates used to convert the U.S. dollar equivalent value. If such an event occurs, the foreign exchange rate will be valued at fair value using procedures established and approved by the board of trustees.
Accounts with Low Balances
If your account has been open for more than one year and its value falls below $500 ($50 for employee and UGMA/UTMA accounts), we will mail you a notice asking you to bring the account back up to its applicable minimum investment amount. If you choose not to do so within 30 days, we will close your account and mail the proceeds to the address of record. You will not be charged a CDSC if your account is closed for this reason. This policy does not apply to: (1) certain broker-controlled accounts established through the National Securities Clearing Corporations Networking system; (2) accounts in Class B and Class A accounts established pursuant to a conversion from Class B; (3) tax-deferred retirement plan accounts; (4) active automatic investment plan accounts; (5) broker-dealer sponsored separately managed accounts (wrap accounts); (6) accounts held through a 529 college savings program; and, (7) Coverdell Education Savings Plan accounts.
Statements, Reports and Prospectuses
You will receive quarterly account statements that show all your account transactions during the quarter. You also will receive written notification after each transaction affecting your account (except for distributions and transactions made through automatic investment or withdrawal programs, which will be reported on your quarterly statement).
You also will receive the Fund's financial reports every six months as well as an annual updated prospectus. To reduce Fund expenses, we try to identify related shareholders in a household and send only one copy of the financial reports and prospectus. This process, called "householding," will continue indefinitely unless you instruct us otherwise. If you prefer not to have these documents householded, please call us at (800) 632-2301. At any time you may view current prospectuses and financial reports on our website.
If you choose, you may receive your statements, financial reports and prospectuses through electronic delivery (please see "Investor Services - Telephone/Online Privileges").
Investment Representative Account Access
If there is a dealer or other investment representative of record on your account, he or she will be able to obtain your account information, conduct transactions for your account, and also will receive copies of all notifications and statements and other information about your account directly from the Fund.
Street or Nominee Accounts
You may transfer your shares from the street or nominee name account of one dealer to another, as long as both dealers have an agreement with Distributors. We will process the transfer after we receive authorization in proper form from your delivering securities dealer.
Joint Accounts
Unless you specify a different registration, shares issued to two or more owners are registered as "joint tenants with rights of survivorship" (shown as "Jt Ten" on your account statement). To make any ownership changes to jointly owned shares, or to sever a joint tenancy in jointly owned shares, all owners must agree in writing.
Joint Account Risk with Telephone/Online Privileges
You will automatically receive telephone/online privileges when you open your account. If your account has more than one registered owner, telephone/online privileges allow the Fund to accept online registration for online services (including electronic delivery of shareholder documents) and transaction instructions online or by telephone from only one registered owner. This means that any one registered owner on your account, acting alone and without the consent of any other registered owner , may give the Fund instructions by telephone, online or in writing (subject to any limitations in telephone or online privileges) to:
If you do NOT want another registered owner on your account to be able to issue these kinds of instructions to the Fund without your consent, you must instruct the Fund to deny/terminate online privileges and the ability to issue such instructions by telephone so that these types of instructions will only be accepted in writing signed by all account owners. This decision will apply to any other fund into which you may exchange your jointly owned Fund shares. Any later decision to permit these types of instructions by telephone and/or online will need to be given to the Fund in a written instruction signed by all registered owners.
Additional Policies
Please note that the Fund maintains additional policies and reserves certain rights, including:
Dealer Compensation
Class A & C
Qualifying dealers who sell Fund shares may receive sales commissions and other payments. These are paid by Distributors from sales charges received from purchasing or redeeming shareholders, from distribution and service (12b-1) fees from the Fund and from Distributors' other financial resources. Dealers may also receive shareholder servicing fees for servicing investors who indirectly hold Franklin Templeton fund shares through dealer-maintained brokerage accounts as more fully described under "Shareholder servicing and transfer agent" in the SAI. These fees are paid by the Fund's transfer agent from payments it receives under its agreement with the Fund.
No dealer commission will be paid on Class A NAV purchases by Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
If any dealer commissions are paid in connection with a purchase which is subsequently rejected or results in any trading restriction placed on the purchaser as a result of a determination by the Fund's investment manager or transfer agent that the purchase may be connected with trading activity that may be detrimental to the Fund as described in the Fund's "Frequent Trading Policy," the dealer shall, upon demand, refund such commissions to Distributors.
BIOTECHNOLOGY DISCOVERY FUND |
Class A | |
Commission (%) | -- |
Investment under $50,000 | 5.00 |
$50,000 but under $100,000 | 3.75 |
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 2.80 |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 2.00 |
$500,000 but under $1 million | 1.60 |
$1 million or more | up to 1.00 1 |
12b-1 fee to dealer | 0.25 1, 2 |
NATURAL RESOURCES FUND |
Class A | Class C | |
Commission (%) | -- | 1.00 3 |
Investment under $50,000 | 5.00 | -- |
$50,000 but under $100,000 | 3.75 | -- |
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 2.80 | -- |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 2.00 | -- |
$500,000 but under $1 million | 1.60 | -- |
$1 million or more | up to 1.00 1 | -- |
12b-1 fee to dealer | 0.25 1, 2 | 1.00 4 |
1. For purchases at NAV where Distributors paid a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee in the 13th month after purchase. For purchases at NAV where Distributors did not pay a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee at the time of purchase.
2. Under the Distribution Plan for Class A, the Fund may pay up to 0.35% to Distributors or others, out of which 0.10% generally will be retained by Distributors for its distribution expenses. The board of trustees has currently determined to set such fees under the Plan at 0.30% (until further notice), thus reducing the amount that will be retained by Distributors.
3. Commission includes advance of the first year's 0.25% 12b-1 service fee. Distributors may pay a prepaid commission. However, Distributors does not pay a prepaid commission on any purchases by Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
4. Dealers may be eligible to receive up to 0.25% at the time of purchase and may be eligible to receive 1% starting in the 13th month. During the first 12 months, the full 12b-1 fee will be paid to Distributors to partially offset the commission and the prepaid service fee paid at the time of purchase. For purchases at NAV where Distributors did not pay a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee at the time of purchase.
Other dealer and financial intermediary compensation. Distributors may make payments (a portion of which may be reimbursable under the terms of the Fund's Rule 12b-1 distribution plans) to certain dealers who have sold shares of the Franklin Templeton mutual funds. In the case of any one dealer, marketing support payments will not exceed the sum of 0.08% of that dealer's current year's total sales of Franklin Templeton mutual funds, and 0.05% (or 0.03%) of the total assets of equity (or fixed income) funds attributable to that dealer, on an annual basis. Marketing support payments made to organizations located outside the U.S., with respect to investments in the Fund by non-U.S. persons, may exceed this limitation. Distributors makes these payments in connection with the qualifying dealers' efforts to educate financial advisors about the Franklin Templeton funds. Any current year sales to, or assets held on behalf of, Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans for which payment is made to a financial intermediary pursuant to the following paragraph will be excluded from the calculation of marketing support payments pursuant to this paragraph.
Distributors and/or its affiliates may also make payments (a portion of which may be reimbursable under the terms of the Fund's Rule 12b-1 distribution plans) to certain financial intermediaries in connection with their activities that are intended to assist in the sale of shares of the Franklin Templeton mutual funds, directly or indirectly, to certain Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans. In the case of any one financial intermediary, such payments will not exceed 0.10% of the total assets of Franklin Templeton mutual funds held, directly or indirectly, by such Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, on an annual basis.
A number of factors will be considered in determining these payments, including the qualifying dealer or financial intermediary's sales, assets and redemption rates, the nature and quality of any servicing provided by the financial intermediary, and the quality of the dealer or financial intermediary's relationship with Distributors. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine the advisability of continuing these payments. These payments may be in addition to any shareholder servicing fees paid by the Fund's transfer agent from payments it receives under its agreement with the Fund.
To the extent permitted by SEC and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority rules and other applicable laws and regulations, Distributors may pay or allow other promotional incentives or payments to dealers.
Sale of Fund shares, as well as shares of other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments, is not considered a factor in the selection of broker-dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions. Accordingly, the allocation of portfolio transactions for execution by broker-dealers that sell Fund shares is not considered marketing support payments to such broker-dealers.
You can find further details in the SAI about the payments made by Distributors and the services provided by your financial advisor. Your financial advisor may charge you additional fees or commissions other than those disclosed in this prospectus. You should ask your financial advisor for information about any payments it receives from Distributors and any services it provides, as well as about fees and/or commissions it charges.
Questions
If you have any questions about the Fund or your account, you can write to us at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151. You also can call us at one of the following numbers. For your protection and to help ensure we provide you with quality service, all calls may be monitored or recorded.
Department Name | Telephone Number |
Hours (Pacific time,
Monday through Friday) |
Shareholder Services | (800) 632-2301 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Fund Information |
(800) DIAL BEN
(800) 342-5236 |
5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Retirement Services | (800) 527-2020 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Advisor Services | (800) 524-4040 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
TDD (hearing impaired) | (800) 851-0637 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Automated Telephone System |
(800) 632-2301
(800) 524-4040 (800) 527-2020 |
(around-the-clock access) |
FOR MORE INFORMATION
You can learn more about the Fund in the following documents:
Annual/Semiannual Report to Shareholders
Includes a discussion of recent market conditions and Fund strategies that significantly affected Fund performance during its last fiscal year, financial statements, detailed performance information, portfolio holdings and, in the annual report only, the independent registered public accounting firms report.
Statement of Additional Information (SAI)
Contains more information about the Fund, its investments and policies. It is incorporated by reference (is legally a part of this prospectus).
For a free copy of the current annual/semiannual report or the SAI, please contact your investment representative or call us at the number below. You also can view the current annual/semiannual report and the SAI online through franklintempleton.com.
You also can obtain information about the Fund by visiting the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC (phone (202) 551-8090) or the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. You can obtain copies of this information, after paying a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-0102 or by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
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One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906
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Investment Company Act file #811-06243 |
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© 2011 Franklin Templeton Investments. All rights reserved. |
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2264 |
FSS2 P 09/11 |
September 1, 2011 |
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The SEC has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. |
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | Advisor Class |
FRSTX | FKSBX | FSGCX | FKSRX | FKSAX |
Franklin Strategic Series |
PROSPECTUS |
Franklin
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Contents |
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FUND SUMMARY |
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INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE INVESTING |
Investment Goal
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FUND DETAILS |
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MORE INFORMATION ON INVESTMENT POLICIES, PRACTICES AND RISKS/FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS |
Investment Goal
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YOUR ACCOUNT |
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INFORMATION ABOUT SALES CHARGES, QUALIFIED INVESTORS, ACCOUNT TRANSACTIONS AND SERVICES |
Choosing a Share Class
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FOR MORE INFORMATION |
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WHERE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE FUND |
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FUND SUMMARY
Investment Goal
To earn a high level of current income. A secondary goal is capital appreciation over the long term.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
These tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts in Class A if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in Franklin Templeton funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and under Your Account on page 36 in the Fund's Prospectus and under Buying and Selling Shares on page 63 of the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
SHAREHOLDER FEES (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class B 1 | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
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Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as percentage of offering price) | 4.25% | None | None | None | None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as percentage of the lower of original purchase price or sale proceeds) | None | 4.00% | 1.00% | None | None |
1. New or additional investments into Class B are no longer permitted.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES | (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
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Management fees | 0.46% | 0.46% | 0.46% | 0.46% | 0.46% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.25% | 0.65% | 0.65% | 0.50% | None |
Other expenses | 0.18% | 0.18% | 0.18% | 0.18% | 0.18% |
Acquired fund fees and expenses 1 | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 0.90% | 1.30% | 1.30% | 1.15% | 0.65% |
Fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement 2 | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses after fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement 1 | 0.89% | 1.29% | 1.29% | 1.14% | 0.64% |
1. Total annual Fund operating expenses differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
2. The investment manager has contractually agreed in advance to reduce its fee as a result of the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund (acquired fund) for at least the next 12-month period. Contractual fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement agreements may not be terminated during the term set forth above.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of the period. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example reflects adjustments made to the Fund's operating expenses due to the fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement by the investment manager and/or administrator for the 1 Year numbers only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Class A | $ 512 | $ 699 | $ 901 | $ 1,485 |
Class B | $ 531 | $ 711 | $ 912 | $ 1,457 |
Class C | $ 231 | $ 411 | $ 712 | $ 1,568 |
Class R | $ 116 | $ 364 | $ 632 | $ 1,397 |
Advisor Class | $ 65 | $ 207 | $ 361 | $ 810 |
If you do not sell your shares: | ||||
Class B | $ 131 | $ 411 | $ 712 | $ 1,457 |
Class C | $ 131 | $ 411 | $ 712 | $ 1,568 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 66.78% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 65% of its assets in U.S. and foreign debt securities, including those in emerging markets. Debt securities include all varieties of fixed and floating rate income securities, including bonds, bank loans (and loan participations), convertible securities, mortgage securities and other asset-backed securities, and municipal securities. The Fund shifts its investments among various classes of debt securities and at any given time may have a substantial amount of its assets invested in any one of such classes.
The Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in high yield, lower-quality debt securities (also known as "junk bonds"). The below-investment grade debt securities in which the Fund invests are generally rated at least Caa by Moody's or CCC by S&P ® or are unrated securities the Fund's investment manager determines are of comparable quality.
The Fund may also invest in many different securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by non-U.S. governments or their respective agencies or instrumentalities, including mortgage securities and inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury.
For purposes of pursuing its investment goals, the Fund may enter into various currency related transactions involving derivative instruments, including currency and cross currency forwards and currency and currency index futures contracts. The Fund may also enter into interest rate and credit related transactions involving derivative instruments, including interest rate and credit default swaps and bond/interest rate futures contracts. The use of these derivative transactions may allow the Fund to obtain net long or net short exposures to selected currencies, interest rates, durations or credit risks. These derivative instruments may be used for hedging purposes, to enhance Fund returns or to obtain exposure to various market sectors. In addition, the Fund may invest in credit-linked securities as a means of investing more rapidly and efficiently in permitted segments of the debt securities markets.
The investment manager uses a "top-down" analysis of macroeconomic trends combined with a "bottom-up" fundamental analysis of market sectors, industries, and issuers to try to take advantage of varying sector reactions to economic events. The investment manager will evaluate country risk, business cycles, yield curves, and values between and within markets.
Principal Risks
You could lose money by investing in the Fund. Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government.
Interest Rate When interest rates rise, debt security prices generally fall. The opposite is also generally true: debt security prices rise when interest rates fall. In general, securities with longer maturities are more sensitive to these interest rate changes.
Credit An issuer of debt securities may fail to make interest payments and repay principal when due, in whole or in part. Changes in an issuer's financial strength or in a security's credit rating may affect a security's value. While securities issued by Ginnie Mae are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, not all securities of the various U.S. government agencies are, including those of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Also guarantees of principal and interest do not apply to market prices, yields or the Funds share price. While the U.S. government has recently provided financial support to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will always do so, since the U.S. government is not so obligated by law.
High-Yield Debt Securities Issuers of lower-rated or "high-yield" debt securities are not as strong financially as those issuing higher credit quality debt securities. These issuers are more likely to encounter financial difficulties and are more vulnerable to changes in the relevant economy, such as a recession or a sustained period of rising interest rates, that could affect their ability to make interest and principal payments when due. The prices of high-yield debt securities generally fluctuate more than those of higher credit quality. High-yield debt securities are generally more illiquid (harder to sell) and harder to value.
A significant portion of the Funds floating rate investments may be issued in connection with highly leveraged transactions. Such transactions include leveraged buyout loans and are subject to greater credit risks than other investments including a greater possibility that the borrower may default or go into bankruptcy.
Income Because the Fund can only distribute what it earns, the Fund's distributions to shareholders may decline when prevailing interest rates fall or when the Fund experiences defaults on debt securities it holds.
Variable Rate Securities Because changes in interest rates on variable rate securities (including floating rate securities) may lag behind changes in market rates, the value of such securities may decline during periods of rising interest rates until their interest rates reset to market rates. If the changes in market rates are substantial, the interest rate on a variable rate security may not rest during a single adjustment period. Lifetime limits on resets may also prevent their rates from adjusting to market rates.
Foreign Securities Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities, and includes risks associated with: political and economic developments - the political, economic and social structures of some foreign countries may be less stable and more volatile than those in the U.S.; trading practices - government supervision and regulation of foreign securities and currency markets, trading systems and brokers may be less than in the U.S.; availability of information - foreign issuers may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. issuers; limited markets - the securities of certain foreign issuers may be less liquid (harder to sell) and more volatile; and currency exchange rate fluctuations and policies. The risks of foreign investments typically are greater in less developed countries or emerging market countries.
Derivative Instruments The performance of derivative instruments depends largely on the performance of an underlying currency, security or index and such derivative instruments often have risks similar to their underlying instrument, in addition to other risks. Derivative instruments involve costs, may be volatile and illiquid, may give rise to leverage and may involve a small initial investment relative to the risk assumed. There may also be imperfect correlation between the value of the derivative and the underlying instrument. If the investment manager is not successful in using such derivative instruments, the Fund's performance may be worse than if the investment manager did not use such derivative instruments at all. When used for hedging, the change in value of the derivative may also not correlate specifically with the currency, security or other risk being hedged. With over-the-counter derivatives, there is the risk that the other party to the transaction will fail to perform.
Market The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up and down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. A securitys market value may be reduced by market activity or other results of supply and demand unrelated to the issuer. This is a basic risk associated with all securities. When there are more sellers than buyers, prices tend to fall. Likewise, when there are more buyers than sellers, prices tend to rise.
Liquidity From time to time, the trading market for a particular security or type of security in which the Fund invests may become less liquid or even illiquid. Reduced liquidity will have an adverse impact on the Funds ability to sell such securities when necessary to meet the Funds liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event and will also generally lower the value of a debt security. Market prices for such securities may be volatile.
Prepayment Prepayment risk occurs when a debt security can be repaid in whole or in part prior to the security's maturity and the Fund must reinvest the proceeds it receives, during periods of declining interest rates, in securities that pay a lower rate of interest.
Extension Risk Some debt securities, particularly mortgage securities, are subject to the risk that the debt securitys effective maturity is extended because calls or prepayments are less or slower than anticipated, particularly when interest rates rise. The market value of such security may then decline and become more interest rate sensitive.
Management The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. The Fund's investment manager applies investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these decisions will produce the desired results.
Performance
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's performance from year to year for Class A shares. The table shows how the Fund's average annual returns for 1 year, 5 years, 10 years or since inception, as applicable, compared with those of a broad measure of market performance. The Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. You can obtain updated performance information at franklintempleton.com or by calling (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236.
Sales charges are not reflected in the bar chart, and if those charges were included, returns would be less than those shown.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
Best Quarter: | Q2'09 | 9.70% |
Worst Quarter: | Q4'08 | -5.72% |
As of June 30, 2011, the Fund's year-to-date return was 4.06% for Class A. |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
(figures reflect sales charges) |
For the periods ended December 31, 2010 |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Strategic Income Fund - Class A | |||
Return Before Taxes | 6.16% | 6.34% | 7.40% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | 4.14% | 3.96% | 4.81% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | 3.95% | 3.97% | 4.74% |
Franklin Strategic Income Fund - Class B | 6.35% | 6.50% | 7.52% |
Franklin Strategic Income Fund - Class C | 9.53% | 6.84% | 7.44% |
Franklin Strategic Income Fund - Class R | 10.62% | 6.99% | 7.59% |
Franklin Strategic Income Fund - Advisor Class | 11.24% | 7.53% | 8.14% |
Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Index (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 6.54% | 5.80% | 5.84% |
Lipper Multi-Sector Income Funds Classification Average (index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 10.83% | 6.27% | 6.94% |
The Lipper Multi-Sector Income Funds Classification Average shows how the Fund's performance compares with the returns of an index of funds with similar investment objectives.
Historical performance for Class R shares prior to their inception is based on the performance of Class A shares. Class R performance has been adjusted to reflect differences in sales charges and 12b-1 expenses between classes.
The after-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns are shown only for Class A and after-tax returns for other classes will vary.
Investment Manager
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers)
Portfolio Managers
CHRISTOPHER J. MOLUMPHY, CFA Executive Vice President and Director of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since 1994.
ERIC G. TAKAHA, CFA Senior Vice President of Advisers and portfolio manager of the Fund since 1997.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any business day online through our website at franklintempleton.com, by mail (Franklin Templeton Investor Services, P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151), or by telephone at (800) 632-2301. The minimum initial purchase for most accounts is $1,000 (or $50 under an automatic investment plan).
Taxes
The Funds distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and
Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial advisor or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
FUND DETAILS
The Fund's principal investment goal is to earn a high level of current income. Its secondary goal is capital appreciation over the long term.
Principal Investment Policies and Practices
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 65% of its assets in U.S. and foreign debt securities, including those in emerging markets. Debt securities include all varieties of fixed and floating rate income securities, including bonds, mortgage securities and other asset-backed securities, and convertible securities. The Fund shifts its investments among the following general asset classes, and at any given time may have a substantial amount of its assets invested in any one of these classes:
The Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in high yield, lower-quality debt securities (also known as "junk bonds"). These securities are either rated below investment grade or, if unrated, determined by the Fund's investment manager to be of comparable quality. Investment grade debt securities are rated in the top four rating categories by one or more independent rating agencies such as Standard & Poor's (S&P ® ) and Moody's Investors Service (Moody's). The below-investment grade debt securities in which the Fund invests are generally rated at least Caa by Moody's or CCC by S&P or are unrated securities the Fund's investment manager determines are of comparable quality. However, the Fund may invest a small portion of its total assets in debt securities that are in default. Many debt securities of non-U.S. issuers, and especially emerging market issuers, are rated below investment grade or are unrated so that their selection depends on the investment manager's internal analysis.
A debt security obligates the issuer to repay a loan of money at a future date and generally to pay interest to the security holder. Floating and variable interest rate investments are debt securities, the rate of interest on which is usually established as the sum of a base lending rate (such as the prime rate of a designated U.S. bank) plus a specified margin.
The Fund may invest in many different securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. In addition to U.S. Treasury notes and bonds, the Fund may also invest in mortgage-backed securities issued by agencies such as Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) or Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), and asset-backed securities such as Small Business Administration obligations (SBA). The timely payment of principal and interest on U.S. Treasury securities and Ginnie Mae pass-through certificates is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and certain other U.S. government-sponsored entities do not carry this guarantee and are backed only by the credit of such agency or instrumentality. U.S. government-sponsored entities, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, may be chartered by Acts of Congress, but their securities are neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. government. Although the U.S. government has recently provided financial support to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will always do so.
A mortgage-backed security is an interest in a pool of mortgage loans. Most mortgage securities are pass-through securities, which means that they generally provide investors with monthly payments consisting of a pro rata share of both regular interest and principal payments, as well as unscheduled early prepayments, on the underlying mortgage loans.
A convertible security is generally a debt obligation or preferred stock of an issuer that may be converted within a specified period of time into a certain amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer.
The Fund also invests in bank loans, corporate loans and loan participations. Loan participations represent fractional interests in a companys indebtedness and are generally made available by banks or other institutional investors.
For purposes of pursuing its investment goals, the Fund may enter into currency-related derivative transactions, including currency and cross currency forwards and currency and currency index futures contracts. The Fund may also enter into interest rate and credit related transactions involving certain derivative instruments, including interest rate and credit default swaps and interest rate and/or bond futures contracts (including U.S. Treasury futures contracts) and options thereon. The use of such derivative transactions may allow the Fund to obtain net long or net short exposures to selected currencies, interest rates, durations or credit risks. The Fund may use any of the above currency, interest rate or credit-related derivative strategies for the purposes of enhancing Fund returns, increasing liquidity, gaining exposure to particular instruments in more efficient or less expensive ways and/or hedging risks relating to changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates and other market factors.
By way of example, the investment manager might use an interest rate futures contract to help protect against a rise in short-term interest rates by taking a long position in a federal funds futures contract that will appreciate when the Federal Reserve increases its overnight lending rate which may adversely affect the value of the Funds short-term debt securities holdings. In addition, the investment manager might use a bond futures contract to help manage the interest rate risk and duration of the Funds portfolio for example, the Fund could purchase 10 year U.S. Treasury futures contracts to increase the Funds sensitively to longer term interest rates. When used for hedging purposes, a forward contract or other currency-related derivative instrument could be used to protect against possible declines in a currencys value where a security held or to be purchased by the Fund is denominated in that currency, or it may be used to hedge the Funds position by entering into a transaction on another currency expected to perform similarly to the currency of the security held or to be purchased (a proxy hedge). The investment manager considers various factors, such as availability and cost, in deciding whether, when and to what extent to enter into derivative transactions.
A forward contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific foreign currency at an agreed exchange rate (price) at a future date, which is individually negotiated and privately traded by currency traders and their customers in the interbank market. A cross currency forward, sometimes referred to as a cross-hedge, is a forward contract to sell a specific foreign currency in exchange for another foreign currency and may be used when the Fund believes that the price of one of those foreign currencies will experience a substantial movement against the other foreign currency. A cross-hedge will tend to reduce or eliminate exposure to the currency that is sold, and increase exposure to the currency that is purchased, similar to when the Fund sells a security denominated in one currency and purchases a security denominated in another currency. A cross-hedge will protect the Fund against losses resulting from a decline in the hedged currency, but will cause the Fund to assume the risk of fluctuations in the value of the currency it purchases.
A futures contract is a standard binding agreement between two parties to buy or sell a specified quantity of an underlying instrument or asset, such as a specific security or currency, at a specified price at a specified later date that trade on an exchange. A sale of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to deliver the underlying instrument called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date. A purchase of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to acquire the underlying instrument called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date. The purchase or sale of a futures contract will allow the Fund to increase or decrease its exposure to the underlying instrument or interest rate. Although most futures contracts by their terms require the actual delivery or acquisition of the underlying instrument, some require cash settlement. The Fund may buy and sell futures contracts that trade on U.S. and foreign exchanges.
Swap agreements, such as interest rate and credit default swaps, are contracts between the Fund and, typically, a brokerage firm, bank, or other financial institution (the swap counterparty) for periods ranging from a few days to multiple years. In a basic swap transaction, the Fund agrees with its counterparty to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on a particular notional amount of underlying instruments. The notional amount is the set amount selected by the parties as the basis on which to calculate the obligations that they have agreed to exchange. The parties typically do not actually exchange the notional amount. Instead, they agree to exchange the returns that would be earned or realized if the notional amount were invested in given instruments or at given interest rates. For credit default swaps, the buyer of the credit default swap agreement is obligated to pay the seller a periodic stream of payments over the term of the agreement in return for a payment by the seller that is contingent upon the occurrence of a credit event with respect to an underlying reference debt obligation. Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, failure to timely pay interest or principal, obligation acceleration, or modified restructuring of the reference debt obligation. The contingent payment by the seller generally is the face amount of the debt obligation in exchange for the physical delivery of the reference debt obligation or a cash payment equal to the then current market value of that debt obligation. By way of example, the investment manager might "buy" credit default swaps to help protect against the risk of default by the issuer of one or more debt securities held by the Fund. Alternatively, the investment manager may "sell" a credit default swap to gain exposure to an asset class more efficiently or less expensively than by purchasing the related debt security outright. An interest rate swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange interest rate obligations, generally one based on an interest rate fixed to maturity while the other is based on an interest rate that changes in accordance with changes in a designated benchmark (for example, LIBOR, prime, commercial paper, or other benchmarks).
The Fund may invest in credit-linked securities as a means of investing more rapidly and efficiently in permitted segments of the debt securities markets. Credit-linked securities are structured debt securities that derive their value based on the credit risk of one or more reference securities such as corporate debt obligations, credit default swaps on corporate debt or bank loan obligations.
The Fund uses an active asset allocation strategy to try to achieve its goals of income and capital appreciation. This means the Fund allocates its assets among securities in various market sectors based on the investment manager's assessment of changing economic, global market, industry, and issuer conditions. The investment manager uses a "top-down" analysis of macroeconomic trends combined with a "bottom-up" fundamental analysis of market sectors, industries, and issuers to try to take advantage of varying sector reactions to economic events. The investment manager will evaluate country risk, business cycles, yield curves, and values between and within markets.
The Fund's ability to achieve its investment goals depends in part upon the investment manager's skill in determining the Fund's asset allocation mix and sector weightings. There can be no assurance that the investment manager's analysis of the outlook for the economy and the business cycle will be correct.
Commodity Exchange Act Exclusion
The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), and, therefore, is not currently subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA. However, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CTFC) has recently proposed amendments to this exclusion. Whether the proposed amendments will be adopted in their current form and the full impact of such amendments on the Fund are not yet known.
Temporary Investments
When the investment manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the investment manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include money market fund shares (including shares of an affiliated money market fund), U.S. government securities, high-grade commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other money market instruments. The investment manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goals.
Principal Risks
Interest Rate
Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable. Debt securities generally tend to lose market value when interest rates rise and increase in value when interest rates fall. Securities with longer maturities or lower coupons or that make little (or no) interest payments before maturity tend to be more sensitive to these interest rate changes. The longer the Fund's average weighted portfolio maturity, the greater the impact a change in interest rates will have on its share price.
Credit
The Fund could lose money on a debt security if an issuer or borrower is unable or fails to meet its obligations, including failing to make interest payments and/or to repay principal when due. Changes in an issuer's financial strength, the market's perception of the issuer's financial strength or in a security's credit rating, which reflects a third party's assessment of the credit risk presented by a particular issuer, may affect debt securities' value. The Fund may incur substantial losses on debt securities that are inaccurately perceived to present a different amount of credit risk by the market, the investment manager or the rating agencies than such securities actually do.
High-Yield Debt Securities
High-yield debt securities (including loans) and unrated securities of similar credit quality ("high-yield debt instruments") involve greater risk of a complete loss of the Fund's investment, or delays of interest and principal payments than higher-quality debt securities. Issuers of high-yield debt instruments are not as strong financially as those issuing securities of higher credit quality. High-yield debt instruments are generally considered predominately speculative by the applicable rating agencies as these issuers are more likely to encounter financial difficulties and are more vulnerable to changes in the relevant economy, such as a recession or a sustained period of rising interest rates, that could affect their ability to make interest and principal payments when due. If an issuer stops making interest and/or principal payments, payments on the securities may never resume. These instruments may be worthless and the Fund could lose its entire investment.
The prices of high-yield debt instruments fluctuate more than higher-quality securities. Prices are especially sensitive to developments affecting the issuer's business or operations and to changes in the ratings assigned by rating agencies. In addition, the entire high-yield debt market can experience sudden and sharp price swings due to changes in economic conditions, stock market activity, large sustained sales by major investors, a high-profile default, or other factors. Prices of corporate high-yield debt instruments often are closely linked with the company's stock prices and typically rise and fall in response to factors that affect stock prices.
High-yield debt instruments are generally less liquid than higher-quality securities. Many of these securities are not registered for sale under the federal securities laws and/or do not trade frequently. When they do trade, their prices may be significantly higher or lower than expected. At times, it may be difficult to sell these securities promptly at an acceptable price, which may limit the Fund's ability to sell securities in response to specific economic events or to meet redemption requests. As a result, high-yield debt instruments generally pose greater illiquidity and valuation risks.
Substantial declines in the prices of high-yield debt instruments can dramatically increase the yield of such bonds or loans. The decline in market prices generally reflects an expectation that the issuer(s) may be at greater risk of defaulting on the obligation to pay interest and principal when due. Therefore, substantial increases in yield may reflect a greater risk by the Fund of losing some or part of its investment rather than any increase in income that the debt security or loan may pay to the Fund on its investment.
Income
Because the Fund can only distribute what it earns, the Fund's distributions to shareholders may decline when prevailing interest rates fall or when the Fund experiences defaults on debt securities it holds. The Fund's income generally declines during periods of falling interest rates because the Fund must reinvest the proceeds it receives from existing investments (upon their maturity, prepayment, amortization, call, or buy-back) at a lower rate of interest or return.
Variable Rate Securities
Variable rate securities (which include floating rate debt securities) generally are less sensitive to interest rate changes than fixed rate debt securities. However, the market value of variable rate debt securities may decline when prevailing interest rates rise if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. Conversely, variable rate securities will not generally increase in market value if interest rates decline. However, when interest rates fall, there will be a reduction in the payments of interest received by the Fund from its variable rate securities. Limits on the aggregate amount by which a variable rate security's interest rate may increase over its lifetime or during any one adjustment period can prevent the interest rate from ever adjusting to prevailing market rates.
Foreign Securities
Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations.
Currency exchange rates. Foreign securities may be issued and traded in foreign currencies. As a result, their market values in U.S. dollars may be affected by changes in exchange rates between such foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar, as well as between currencies of countries other than the U.S. For example, if the value of the U.S. dollar goes up compared to a foreign currency, an investment traded in that foreign currency will go down in value because it will be worth fewer U.S. dollars. The Fund accrues additional expenses when engaging in currency exchange transactions, and valuation of the Fund's foreign securities may be subject to greater risk because both the currency (relative to the U.S. dollar) and the security must be considered.
Currency management strategies. Currency management strategies may substantially change the Fund's exposure to currency exchange rates and could result in losses to the Fund if currencies do not perform as the investment manager expects. In addition, currency management strategies, to the extent that they reduce the Fund's exposure to currency risks, may also reduce the Fund's ability to benefit from favorable changes in currency exchange rates. There is no assurance that the investment manager's use of currency management strategies will benefit the Fund or that they will be, or can be, used at appropriate times. Furthermore, there may not be perfect correlation between the amount of exposure to a particular currency and the amount of securities in the portfolio denominated in that currency. Investing in foreign currencies for purposes of gaining from projected changes in exchange rates, as opposed to hedging currency risks applicable to the Fund's holdings, further increases the Fund's exposure to foreign securities losses.
Political and economic developments. The political, economic and social structures of some foreign countries may be less stable and more volatile than those in the U.S. Investments in these countries may be subject to greater risks of internal and external conflicts, expropriation, nationalization of assets, foreign exchange controls (such as suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a given country), restrictions on removal of assets, political or social instability, military action or unrest, diplomatic developments, currency devaluations, foreign ownership limitations, and punitive or confiscatory tax increases. It is possible that a government may take over the assets or operations of a company or impose restrictions on the exchange or export of currency or other assets. Some countries also may have different legal systems that may make it difficult for the Fund to vote proxies, exercise shareholder rights, and pursue legal remedies with respect to its foreign investments. Diplomatic and political developments, including rapid and adverse political changes, social instability, regional conflicts, terrorism and war, could affect the economies, industries and securities and currency markets, and the value of the Fund's investments, in non-U.S. countries. These factors are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to predict and take into account with respect to the Fund's investments.
Trading practices. Brokerage commissions, withholding taxes, custodial fees, and other fees generally are higher in foreign markets. The policies and procedures followed by foreign stock exchanges, currency markets, trading systems and brokers may differ from those applicable in the U.S. with possibly negative consequences to the Fund. The procedures and rules governing foreign trading, settlement and custody (holding of the Fund's assets) also may result in losses or delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or other property. Foreign government supervision and regulation of foreign securities markets and trading systems may be less than or different from government supervision in the U.S. and may increase the Fund's regulatory and compliance burden and/or decrease the Fund's investor rights and protections.
Availability of information. Foreign issuers may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. issuers. Thus, there may be less information publicly available about foreign issuers than about most U.S. issuers.
Limited markets. Certain foreign securities may be less liquid (harder to sell) and their prices may be more volatile than many U.S. securities. Illiquidity tends to be greater, and valuation of the Fund's foreign securities may be more difficult, due to the infrequent trading and/or delayed reporting of quotes and sales.
Regional. Adverse conditions in a certain region can adversely affect securities of issuers in other countries whose economies appear to be unrelated. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a specific geographic region, the Fund will generally have more exposure to regional economic risks. In the event of economic or political turmoil or a deterioration of diplomatic relations in a region or country where a substantial portion of the Fund's assets are invested, the Fund may experience substantial illiquidity.
Developing market countries. The risks of foreign investments typically are greater in less developed countries, sometimes referred to as developing or emerging markets. For example, the political, social, market regulation and economic structures and institutions in these countries may be less established, including those supporting the regulatory and legal systems and financial markets may be less established and more vulnerable to corruption and fraud, and may change rapidly. These countries are more likely to experience high levels of inflation, deflation or currency devaluation, which can harm their economies and securities markets and increase volatility. In fact, short-term volatility in these markets and declines of 50% or more are not uncommon. Investments in less developed markets generally accrue higher fees and expenses and exhibit greater price volatility and valuation challenges. They may be subject to greater risk of expropriation, nationalization, confiscatory or punitive taxation, and foreign investment and divestment restrictions. Restrictions on currency trading that may be imposed by developing market countries will have an adverse effect on the value of the securities of companies that trade or operate in such countries. Finally, such securities markets are smaller, relatively less liquid and may not be as efficient or established in terms of settlement, custody and securities registration.
Derivative Instruments
The performance of derivative instruments depends largely on the performance of an underlying instrument or index and such derivative instruments often have risks similar to their underlying instrument in addition to other risks. Derivative instruments involve costs, may be volatile, and may involve a small initial investment relative to the risk assumed. Their successful use will usually depend on the investment managers ability to accurately forecast movements in the market relating to the underlying instrument. Should a market or markets, or prices of particular classes of investments move in an unexpected manner, especially in unusual or extreme market conditions, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the transaction, and it may realize losses, which could be significant. If the investment manager is not successful in using such derivative instruments, the Funds performance may be worse than if the investment manager did not use such derivative instruments at all. To the extent that the Fund uses such instruments for hedging purposes, there is the risk of imperfect correlation between movements in the value of the derivative instrument and the value of the underlying investment or other asset being hedged. There is also the risk, especially under extreme market conditions, that an instrument, which usually would operate as a hedge, provides no hedging benefits at all.
Use of these instruments could also result in a loss if the counterparty to the transaction (with respect to swap agreements, forward currency contracts and other over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives) does not perform as promised, including because of such counterpartys bankruptcy or insolvency. This risk may be heightened during volatile market conditions. Other risks include the inability to close out a position because the trading market becomes illiquid (particularly in the OTC markets) or the availability of counterparties becomes limited for a period of time. In addition, the presence of speculators in a particular market could lead to price distortions. To the extent that the Fund is unable to close out a position because of market illiquidity, the Fund may not be able to prevent further losses of value in its derivatives holdings and the Funds liquidity may be impaired to the extent that it has a substantial portion of its otherwise liquid assets marked as segregated to cover its obligations under such derivative instruments. The Fund may also be required to take or make delivery of an underlying instrument that the investment manager would otherwise have attempted to avoid. Some derivatives can be particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates or other market prices. Investors should bear in mind that, while the Fund intends to use derivative strategies on a regular basis, it is not obligated to actively engage in these transactions, generally or in any particular kind of derivative, if the investment manager elects not to do so due to availability, cost or other factors.
The use of derivative strategies may also have a tax impact on the Fund. The timing and character of income, gains or losses from these strategies could impair the ability of the investment manager to utilize derivatives when it wishes to do so.
Market
The market value of securities owned by the Fund will go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting individual issuers, securities markets generally or particular industries or sectors within the securities markets. The value of a security may go up or down due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular issuer, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for revenues or corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also go up or down due to factors that affect an individual issuer or a particular industry or sector, such as changes in production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value. When markets perform well, there can be no assurance that the Fund's securities will participate in or otherwise benefit from the advance.
Liquidity
Liquidity risk exists when the market for particular securities or types of securities are or become relatively illiquid so that the Fund is unable, or it becomes more difficult for the Fund, to sell the security at the price at which the Fund has valued the security. Illiquidity may result from political, economic or issuer specific events or overall market disruptions. Securities with reduced liquidity or that become illiquid involve greater risk than securities with more liquid markets. Market quotations for such securities may be volatile and/or subject to large spreads between bid and ask prices. Reduced liquidity may have an adverse impact on market price and the Fund's ability to sell particular securities when necessary to meet the Fund's liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event.
Prepayment
Debt securities are subject to prepayment risk when the issuer can "call" the security, or repay principal, in whole or in part, prior to the security's maturity. When the Fund reinvests the prepayments of principal it receives, it may receive a rate of interest that is lower than the rate on the existing security, potentially lowering the Fund's income, yield and its distributions to shareholders. Securities subject to prepayment may offer less potential for gains during a declining interest rate environment and have greater price volatility. Prepayment risk is greater in periods of falling interest rates.
Extension
The market value of some debt securities (such as certain asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities) will be adversely affected when bond calls or prepayments on underlying mortgages or other assets are less or slower than anticipated. When that occurs, the effective maturity date of the Fund's investment is extended, resulting in an increase in interest rate sensitivity to that of a longer-term instrument. Such extension may also effectively lock-in a below market interest rate and reduce the value of the debt security.
Focus
The greater the Fund's exposure to any single type of investment including investment in a given industry, sector, region, country, issuer, or type of security the greater the losses the Fund may experience upon any single economic, business, political, regulatory, or other occurrence. As a result, there may be more fluctuation in the price of the Fund's shares.
Mortgage Securities and Asset-Backed Securities
Mortgage securities differ from conventional debt securities because principal is paid back over the life of the security rather than at maturity. The Fund may receive unscheduled prepayments of principal due to voluntary prepayments, refinancing or foreclosure on the underlying mortgage loans. To the Fund this means a loss of anticipated interest, and a portion of its principal investment represented by any premium the Fund may have paid. Mortgage prepayments generally increase when interest rates fall.
Mortgage securities also are subject to extension risk. An unexpected rise in interest rates could reduce the rate of prepayments on mortgage securities and extend their life. This could cause the price of the mortgage securities and the Fund's share price to fall and would make the mortgage securities more sensitive to interest rate changes.
In September 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), an agency of the U.S. government, placed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship, a statutory process with the objective of returning the entities to normal business operations. FHFA acts as the conservator to operate Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac until they are stabilized. It is unclear how long the conservatorship will last or what effect this conservatorship will have on the securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac for the long-term.
Issuers of asset-backed securities may have limited ability to enforce the security interest in the underlying assets, and credit enhancements provided to support the securities, if any, may be inadequate to protect investors in the event of default. Like mortgage securities, asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment and extension risks.
Convertible Securities
A convertible security is generally a debt obligation, preferred stock or other security that pays interest or dividends and may be converted by the holder within a specified period of time into common stock. The value of convertible securities may rise and fall with the market value of the underlying stock or, like a debt security, vary with changes in interest rates and the credit quality of the issuer. A convertible security tends to perform more like a stock when the underlying stock price is high relative to the conversion price (because more of the security's value resides in the option to convert) and more like a debt security when the underlying stock price is low relative to the conversion price (because the option to convert is less valuable). Because its value can be influenced by many different factors, a convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar non-convertible debt security, and generally has less potential for gain or loss than the underlying stock.
Credit-Linked Securities
Credit-linked securities are structured debt securities that derive their value based on the credit risk of one or more reference securities such as corporate debt obligations and credit default swaps thereon or bank loan obligations. The Fund may lose money investing in credit-linked securities if a credit event (for example, a bankruptcy or failure to pay interest or principal or a restructuring) occurs with respect to a reference security, if the underlying securities otherwise perform poorly, or if certain counterparties fail to satisfy their obligations. The market for credit-linked securities may suddenly become illiquid, making it difficult for the Fund to sell such securities promptly at an acceptable price.
Management
The Fund is actively managed and could experience losses if the investment manager's judgment about markets, interest rates or the attractiveness, relative values, liquidity, or potential appreciation of particular investments made for the Fund's portfolio prove to be incorrect. There can be no guarantee that these techniques or the investment manager's investment decisions will produce the desired results. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the investment techniques available to the investment manager in connection with managing the Fund and may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment goal.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage, as of July 31, 2011, over $747 billion in assets, and have been in the investment management business since 1947.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals focused on investments in U.S. and foreign debt securities. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
CHRISTOPHER J. MOLUMPHY, CFA Executive Vice President and Director of Advisers
Mr. Molumphy has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 1994. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund. He has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1988.
ERIC G. TAKAHA, CFA Senior Vice President of Advisers
Mr. Takaha has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 1997, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1989.
CFA ® and Chartered Financial Analyst ® are trademarks owned by CFA Institute.
The Funds SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisers a fee for managing the Fund's assets.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, Advisers agreed to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund. The management fees before and after such waiver were 0.46% and 0.45%, respectively.
A discussion regarding the basis for the board of trustees approving the investment management contract of the Fund is available in the Fund's annual report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended April 30.Special Servicing Agreement
Effective May 1, 2009, the Fund, which is an underlying investment fund of one or more funds of Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series Funds (the "Allocator Funds"), entered into a Special Servicing Agreement with the Allocator Funds and certain service providers of the Fund and the Allocator Funds, pursuant to which the Fund may pay a portion of the Allocator Funds' expenses, including transfer agency and shareholder servicing costs, to the extent such payments are less than the amount of the benefits realized or expected to be realized by the Fund from the investment in the Fund by the Allocator Funds.
Legal Proceedings
In 2003 and 2004, multiple lawsuits were filed against Franklin Resources, Inc., and certain of its investment advisor subsidiaries, among other defendants, alleging violations of federal securities and state laws and seeking, among other relief, monetary damages, restitution, removal of fund trustees, directors, investment managers, administrators and distributors, rescission of management contracts and 12b-1 plans, and/or attorneys fees and costs. Specifically, the lawsuits claim breach of duty with respect to alleged arrangements to permit market timing and/or late trading activity, or breach of duty with respect to the valuation of the portfolio securities of certain Templeton funds managed by Franklin Resources, Inc. subsidiaries, allegedly resulting in market timing activity. The lawsuits are styled as class actions, or derivative actions on behalf of either the named funds or Franklin Resources, Inc., and have been consolidated for pretrial purposes, along with hundreds of other similar lawsuits against other mutual fund companies. All of the Franklin Templeton Investments mutual funds and the independent trustees to those funds that were named in the litigation have since been dismissed as defendants.
Franklin Resources, Inc. previously disclosed these private lawsuits in its regulatory filings and on its public website. Any material updates regarding these matters will be disclosed in Franklin Resources, Inc.s Form 10-Q or Form 10-K filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Distributions and Taxes
Income and Capital Gain Distributions
As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The Fund intends to pay income dividends monthly from its net investment income. Capital gains, if any, may be paid at least annually. The amount of any distribution will vary, and there is no guarantee the Fund will pay either income dividends or capital gain distributions. Your income dividends and capital gain distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional shares at net asset value (NAV) unless you elect to receive them in cash.
Annual statements. After the close of each calendar year, you will receive a statement from the Fund that shows the federal income tax treatment of the distributions you received during the prior calendar year. If the Fund finds it necessary to reclassify income after it issues your tax statement, the Fund will send you a revised statement. Distributions declared in December to shareholders of record in such month and paid in January are taxable as if they were paid in December. Additional tax information about the Fund's distributions is available at franklintempleton.com.
Avoid "buying a dividend" At the time you purchase your Fund shares, the Funds net asset value may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation in the value of the portfolio securities held by the Fund. For taxable investors, a subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable. Buying shares in the Fund just before it declares an income dividend or capital gain distribution is sometimes known as buying a dividend.
Tax Considerations
If you are a taxable investor, Fund distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains or some combination of both. This is the case whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares or receive them in cash.
Dividend income. Income dividends are generally subject to tax at ordinary rates. Income dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as qualified dividend income may be subject to tax by individuals at reduced long-term capital gains tax rates provided certain holding period requirements are met. Because the Fund invests primarily in debt securities, it is expected that either none or only a small portion of the Fund's income dividends may be qualified dividends. These reduced rates of taxation are presently scheduled to sunset and, unless extended, will no longer apply to qualified dividends paid with respect to taxable years of the Fund beginning after December 31, 2012. A return-of-capital distribution is generally not taxable but will reduce the cost basis of your shares, and will result in a higher capital gain or a lower capital loss when you later sell your shares.
Capital gains. Fund distributions of short-term capital gains are also subject to tax at ordinary rates. Fund distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable at the reduced long-term capital gains rates no matter how long you have owned your Fund shares. For individuals in the 10% and 15% tax brackets, the long-term capital gains tax rate is 0%. For individuals in higher tax brackets, the long-term capital gains rate is 15%. These reduced rates are presently scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2012.
Sales of Fund shares. When you sell your shares in the Fund, or exchange them for shares of a different Franklin Templeton fund, you will generally realize a taxable capital gain or loss. If you have owned your Fund shares for more than one year, any net long-term capital gains will qualify for the reduced rates of taxation on long-term capital gains. An exchange of your shares in one class of the Fund for shares of another class of the same Fund is not taxable and no gain or loss will be reported on the transaction.
Backup withholding. If you do not provide the Fund your taxpayer identification number and certain required certifications you may be subject to federal backup withholding at 28% on any taxable Fund distributions and proceeds from the sale of your Fund shares. State backup withholding may also apply.
State and local taxes. Distributions of ordinary income and capital gains, and gains from the sale of your Fund shares, are generally subject to state and local taxes.
Non-U.S. investors. Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. withholding tax at 30% or a lower treaty rate on Fund dividends of ordinary income. Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. estate tax on the value of their shares. They are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements to avoid backup withholding, claim any exemptions from withholding and claim any treaty benefits. Exemptions from U.S. withholding tax are provided for capital gain dividends paid by the Fund from long-term capital gains and, with respect to taxable years of the Fund that begin before January 1, 2012 (sunset date), interest-related dividends paid by the Fund from its qualified net interest income from U.S. sources and short-term capital gain dividends.
Other tax information. This discussion of "Distributions and Taxes" is for general information only and is not tax advice. You should consult your own tax advisor regarding your particular circumstances, and about any federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences before making an investment in the Fund. Additional information about the tax consequences of investing in the Fund may be found in the Statement of Additional Information.
Financial Highlights
The Financial Highlights present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since its inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 10.30 | $ 8.83 | $ 10.28 | $ 10.48 | $ 10.20 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income b | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.53 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 0.39 | 1.45 | -1.20 | -0.07 | 0.35 |
Total from investment operations | 0.94 | 2.00 | -0.69 | 0.49 | 0.88 |
Less distributions from net investment income and net foreign currency gains | -0.56 | -0.53 | -0.76 | -0.69 | -0.60 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 10.68 | $ 10.30 | $ 8.83 | $ 10.28 | $ 10.48 |
Total return e | 9.41% | 23.15% | -6.32% | 4.80% | 9.09% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 0.88% | 0.88% | 0.89% | 0.89% | 0.92% |
Net investment income | 5.26% | 5.70% | 5.67% | 5.44% | 5.22% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 3,288,814 | $ 2,809,864 | $ 2,060,179 | $ 2,123,947 | $ 1,521,459 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 66.78% | 55.79% | 49.48% | 31.71% | 42.24% |
Portfolio turnover rate excluding mortgage dollar rolls | 66.78% | 55.79% | 49.48% | 31.71% | 41.50% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS B | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 10.35 | $ 8.87 | $ 10.32 | $ 10.52 | $ 10.24 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income b | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.48 | 0.52 | 0.49 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 0.39 | 1.44 | -1.20 | -0.07 | 0.35 |
Total from investment operations | 0.90 | 1.96 | -0.72 | 0.45 | 0.84 |
Less distributions from net investment income and net foreign currency gains | -0.51 | -0.48 | -0.73 | -0.65 | -0.56 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 10.74 | $ 10.35 | $ 8.87 | $ 10.32 | $ 10.52 |
Total return e | 9.01% | 22.63% | -6.68% | 4.35% | 8.62% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.28% | 1.28% | 1.29% | 1.29% | 1.32% |
Net investment income | 4.86% | 5.30% | 5.27% | 5.04% | 4.82% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 45,519 | $ 71,036 | $ 79,959 | $ 105,620 | $ 104,523 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 66.78% | 55.79% | 49.48% | 31.71% | 42.24% |
Portfolio turnover rate excluding mortgage dollar rolls | 66.78% | 55.79% | 49.48% | 31.71% | 41.50% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS C | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 10.30 | $ 8.83 | $ 10.27 | $ 10.48 | $ 10.20 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income b | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.48 | 0.52 | 0.49 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 0.40 | 1.44 | -1.19 | -0.08 | 0.35 |
Total from investment operations | 0.90 | 1.96 | -0.71 | 0.44 | 0.84 |
Less distributions from net investment income and net foreign currency gains | -0.52 | -0.49 | -0.73 | -0.65 | -0.56 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 10.68 | $ 10.30 | $ 8.83 | $ 10.27 | $ 10.48 |
Total return e | 8.98% | 22.64% | -6.60% | 4.28% | 8.67% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.28% | 1.28% | 1.29% | 1.29% | 1.32% |
Net investment income | 4.86% | 5.30% | 5.27% | 5.04% | 4.82% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 1,358,857 | $ 1,107,436 | $ 773,337 | $ 733,071 | $ 437,026 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 66.78% | 55.79% | 49.48% | 31.71% | 42.24% |
Portfolio turnover rate excluding mortgage dollar rolls | 66.78% | 55.79% | 49.48% | 31.71% | 41.50% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS R | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 10.27 | $ 8.81 | $ 10.25 | $ 10.46 | $ 10.18 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income b | 0.52 | 0.53 | 0.49 | 0.53 | 0.51 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 0.39 | 1.43 | -1.19 | -0.08 | 0.35 |
Total from investment operations | 0.91 | 1.96 | -0.70 | 0.45 | 0.86 |
Less distributions from net investment income and net foreign currency gains | -0.53 | -0.50 | -0.74 | -0.66 | -0.58 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 10.65 | $ 10.27 | $ 8.81 | $ 10.25 | $ 10.46 |
Total return e | 9.17% | 22.77% | -6.47% | 4.55% | 8.74% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.13% | 1.13% | 1.14% | 1.14% | 1.17% |
Net investment income | 5.01% | 5.45% | 5.42% | 5.19% | 4.97% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 234,775 | $ 194,901 | $ 115,811 | $ 108,020 | $ 65,527 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 66.78% | 55.79% | 49.48% | 31.71% | 42.24% |
Portfolio turnover rate excluding mortgage dollar rolls | 66.78% | 55.79% | 49.48% | 31.71% | 41.50% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
ADVISOR CLASS | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 10.31 | $ 8.84 | $ 10.28 | $ 10.49 | $ 10.21 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income b | 0.57 | 0.58 | 0.53 | 0.58 | 0.56 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 0.39 | 1.44 | -1.18 | -0.07 | 0.35 |
Total from investment operations | 0.96 | 2.02 | -0.65 | 0.51 | 0.91 |
Less distributions from net investment income and net foreign currency gains | -0.58 | -0.55 | -0.79 | -0.72 | -0.63 |
Redemption fees c | | | d | d | d |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 10.69 | $ 10.31 | $ 8.84 | $ 10.28 | $ 10.49 |
Total return | 9.67% | 23.45% | -5.98% | 5.05% | 9.25% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses e | 0.63% | 0.63% | 0.64% | 0.64% | 0.67% |
Net investment income | 5.51% | 5.95% | 5.92% | 5.69% | 5.47% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000s) | $ 589,220 | $ 346,585 | $ 166,821 | $ 111,346 | $ 66,745 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 66.78% | 55.79% | 49.48% | 31.71% | 42.24% |
Portfolio turnover rate excluding mortgage dollar rolls | 66.78% | 55.79% | 49.48% | 31.71% | 41.50% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
YOUR ACCOUNT
The board of trustees has approved the termination of offering Class B shares. Existing shareholders of Class B shares may continue as Class B shareholders, continue to reinvest dividends into Class B shares and exchange their Class B shares for Class B shares of other Franklin Templeton funds as permitted by the current exchange privileges. New or additional investments into Class B are not permitted. For Class B shares outstanding on February 28, 2005 and Class B shares acquired upon reinvestment of dividends, all Class B share attributes, including the associated Rule 12b-1 fee, contingent deferred sales charge and conversion features, will continue.Choosing a Share Class
Each class has its own sales charge and expense structure, allowing you to choose the class that best meets your situation. Your investment representative can help you decide. Investors may purchase Class C or Class R shares only for Fund accounts on which they have appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) of record. Investors who have not appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) to existing Class C or Class R share Fund accounts, may not make additional purchases to those accounts but may exchange their shares to a Franklin Templeton fund that offers Class C or Class R shares. Dividend and capital gain distributions may continue to be reinvested in existing Class B, Class C or Class R share Fund accounts. These provisions do not apply to Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
Class A | Class C | Class R | Advisor Class |
Initial sales charge of 4.25% or less | No initial sales charge | No initial sales charge | See "Qualified Investors - Advisor Class" below |
Deferred sales charge of 0.75% on purchases of $1 million or more sold within 18 months | Deferred sales charge of 1% on shares you sell within 12 months | Deferred sales charge is not applicable | |
Lower annual expenses than Class C or R due to lower distribution fees | Higher annual expenses than Class A due to higher distribution fees | Higher annual expenses than Class A due to higher distribution fees (lower than Class C) |
Class A, B, C & R
1. The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares purchased (which factors in the applicable sales charge in this table) and the net asset value of those shares. Since the offering price is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number of shares purchased and the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower depending on whether there was a downward or upward rounding.
Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
Quantity discounts. We offer two ways for you to combine your current purchase of Class A Fund shares with other existing Franklin Templeton fund share holdings that might enable you to qualify for a lower sales charge with your current purchase. You can qualify for a lower sales charge when you reach certain "sales charge breakpoints." This quantity discount information is also available free of charge at franklintempleton.com/retail/jsp_cm/fund_perf/pub/quantity_discount.jsp. This web page can also be reached at franklintempleton.com by clicking the "Funds" tab and then choosing "Quantity Discounts."
1. Cumulative quantity discount - lets you combine certain existing holdings of Franklin Templeton fund shares - referred to as "cumulative quantity discount eligible shares" - with your current purchase of Class A shares to determine if you qualify for a sales charge breakpoint.
Cumulative quantity discount eligible shares are Franklin Templeton fund shares registered to (or held by a financial intermediary for):
Franklin Templeton fund shares held through an administrator or trustee/custodian of an Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan such as a 401(k) plan (see definition below) do not qualify for a cumulative quantity discount.
Franklin Templeton fund assets held in multiple Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans may be combined in order to qualify for sales charge breakpoints at the plan level if the plans are sponsored by the same employer.
If you believe there are cumulative quantity discount eligible shares that can be combined with your current purchase to achieve a sales charge breakpoint (for example, shares held in a different broker-dealers brokerage account or with a bank or an investment advisor), it is your responsibility to specifically identify those shares to your financial advisor at the time of your purchase (including at the time of any future purchase). If you have not designated a financial advisor associated with your Franklin Templeton fund shares , it is your responsibility to specifically identify any cumulative quantity discount eligible shares to the Funds transfer agent at the time of any purchase.
If there are cumulative quantity discount eligible shares that would qualify for combining with your current purchase and you do not tell your financial advisor or the Franklin Templeton funds transfer agent at the time of any purchase, you may not receive the benefit of a reduced sales charge that might otherwise be available since your financial advisor and the Fund generally will not have that information.
The value of cumulative quantity discount eligible shares equals the cost or current value of those shares, whichever is higher. The current value of shares is determined by multiplying the number of shares by their highest current public offering price. It is your responsibility to retain any records necessary to substantiate historical share costs because neither your current financial advisor nor the Franklin Templeton funds may have or maintain this information.
An "Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan" is a Qualified Retirement Plan, ERISA covered 403(b) and certain non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that operate in a similar manner to a Qualified Retirement Plan, such as 457 plans and executive deferred compensation arrangements, but not including employer sponsored IRAs. A "Qualified Retirement Plan" is an employer sponsored pension or profit sharing plan that qualifies under section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, including 401(k), money purchase pension, profit sharing and defined benefit plans.
2. Letter of intent (LOI) - expresses your intent to buy a stated dollar amount of "cumulative quantity discount eligible shares" (as defined in the "Cumulative quantity discount" section above) over a 13-month period and lets you receive the same sales charge as if all shares had been purchased at one time. We will reserve 5% of your total intended purchase in Class A shares registered in your name until you fulfill your LOI to cover any additional sales charge that may apply if you do not buy the amount stated in your LOI. It is your responsibility to tell your financial advisor when you believe you have fulfilled your LOI with sufficient cumulative quantity discount eligible shares. If you have not designated a financial advisor associated with your Franklin Templeton fund shares, it is your responsibility to tell the Funds transfer agent when you believe you have fulfilled your LOI with sufficient cumulative quantity discount eligible shares. Please refer to the SAI for more LOI details.
To sign up for these programs, complete the appropriate section of your account application.
Franklin Templeton funds include all of the U.S. registered mutual funds of Franklin Templeton Investments and the Franklin Mutual Recovery Fund. They do not include the funds in the Franklin Templeton Variable Insurance Products Trust.
Sales charge waivers. Class A shares may be purchased without an initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) by certain investors or for certain payments. If you would like information about available sales charge waivers, call your investment representative or call Shareholder Services at (800) 632-2301. A list of available sales charge waivers also may be found in the SAI.
Investments of $1 Million or More
If you invest $1 million or more, either as a lump sum or through our cumulative quantity discount or letter of intent programs, you can buy Class A shares without an initial sales charge. However, there is a 0.75% CDSC on any shares you sell within 18 months of purchase. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C).
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class A has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution fees of up to 0.25% per year to those who sell and distribute Class A shares and provide other services to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class A's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
SALES CHARGES - Class B | |
if you sell your shares within this
many years after buying them |
this % is deducted from
your proceeds as a CDSC |
1 Year | 4 |
2 Years | 4 |
3 Years | 3 |
4 Years | 3 |
5 Years | 2 |
6 Years | 1 |
7 Years | 0 |
There is a CDSC if you sell your shares within six years, as described in the table above. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see "Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C"). After eight years, your Class B shares automatically convert to Class A shares, lowering your annual expenses from that time on.
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class B has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution and other fees of up to 0.65% per year for the sale of Class B shares and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class B's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
SALES CHARGES - Class C |
With Class C shares, there is no initial sales charge. |
We place any investment of $1 million or more in Class A shares, since Class A's annual expenses are lower.
CDSC
There is a 1% CDSC on any Class C shares you sell within 12 months of purchase. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see "Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C").
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class C has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution and other fees of up to 0.65% per year for the sale of Class C shares and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class C's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
SALES CHARGES - Class R |
With Class R shares, there is no initial sales charge. |
Retirement Plans
Class R shares are available to the following investors:
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class R has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution and other fees of up to 0.50% per year for the sale of Class R shares and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class R's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C
The CDSC for each class is based on the current value of the shares being sold or their net asset value when purchased, whichever is less. There is no CDSC on shares you acquire by reinvesting your dividends or capital gain distributions.
To keep your CDSC as low as possible, each time you place a request to sell shares we will first sell any shares in your account that are not subject to a CDSC. If there are not enough of these to meet your request, we will sell the shares in the order they were purchased. We will use this same method if you exchange your shares into another Franklin Templeton fund (please see Exchanging Shares).
The holding period for the CDSC begins on the day you buy your shares. Your shares will age one month on that same date the next month and each following month. For example, if you buy shares on the 18th of the month, they will age one month on the 18th day of the next month and each following month.
Reinstatement Privilege
If you sell shares of a Franklin Templeton fund that were held indirectly for your benefit in an account with your investment representatives firm or your banks trust department or that were registered to you directly by the Fund's transfer agent (or, to an affiliated custodian or trustee of the Funds transfer agent), you may reinvest all or a portion of the proceeds from that sale within 90 days of the sale without an initial sales charge. This Reinstatement Privilege does not apply to: (i) a purchase of Fund shares made through a regularly scheduled automatic investment plan such as a purchase by a regularly scheduled payroll deduction or transfer from a bank account, or (ii) a purchase of Fund shares with proceeds from the sale of Franklin Templeton fund shares that were held indirectly through a non-Franklin Templeton individual or employer sponsored IRA.
In order to take advantage of this Reinstatement Privilege, you must inform your investment representative or the Fund's transfer agent of this privilege at the time of your investment. The proceeds from the earlier sale must also be invested within the same share class as that of the sold shares, except proceeds will be reinvested in Class A shares if the proceeds are from the sale of (i) Class B (or Class B1) shares; or (ii) Class C (or Class C1) shares or Class R shares if at the time of investment you have not appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) of record for the Fund account(s) in which the purchased shares will be held. Proceeds from the earlier sale of Class Z shares may also be invested in Class A shares under this Reinstatement Privilege.
If you paid a CDSC when you sold your Class A, A1, C or C1 shares, Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) will credit back to you the CDSC paid on the amount you are reinvesting within 90 days of the sale by adding it to the amount of your reinvestment (for example, if you are reinvesting $10,000 within 90 days of an earlier $10,000 sale on which you paid a $100 CDSC, the amount of your reinvestment will equal $10,100). The new shares issued with your reinvestment WILL BE subject to any otherwise applicable CDSC. If, however, you (except Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans) paid a CDSC when you sold (1) Class B (or Class B1) shares; or (2) Class C (or Class C1) shares held at the time of sale in a Franklin Templeton fund account without an investment representative (financial advisor) appointed by you and invest the proceeds from that sale in Class A shares within 90 days of the sale, you will not be credited with any CDSC paid at the time of sale. In this case, the new Class A shares issued with your reinvestment WILL NOT BE subject to any otherwise applicable CDSC.
Proceeds immediately placed in a Franklin Templeton Bank Certificate of Deposit (CD) also may be reinvested without an initial sales charge if you reinvest them within 90 days from the date the CD matures, including any rollover.
This privilege does not apply to shares you buy and sell under our exchange program. Shares purchased with the proceeds from a money fund may be subject to a sales charge.
Qualified Investors - Advisor Class
The following investors or investments may qualify to buy Advisor Class shares of the Fund:
Buying Shares
MINIMUM INVESTMENTS - CLASS A, C & R
Initial | |
Regular accounts | $ 1,000 |
Automatic investment plans | $ 50 |
UGMA/UTMA accounts | $ 100 |
Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, SIMPLE-IRAs, SEP-IRAs, SARSEPs or 403(b) plan accounts | no minimum |
IRAs, IRA rollovers, Coverdell Education Savings Plans or Roth IRAs | $ 250 |
Broker-dealer sponsored wrap account programs | no minimum |
Current and former full-time employees, officers, trustees and directors of Franklin Templeton entities, and their family members | $ 100 |
Please note that you may only buy shares of a fund eligible for sale in your state or jurisdiction.
Account Application
If you are opening a new account, please complete and sign the enclosed account application. Make sure you indicate the share class you have chosen. If you do not indicate a class, we will place your purchase in Class A shares. To save time, you can sign up now for services you may want on your account by completing the appropriate sections of the application (see "Investor Services"). For example, if you would like to link one of your bank accounts to your Fund account so that you may use electronic funds transfer to and from your bank account to buy and sell shares, please complete the bank information section of the application. We will keep your bank information on file for future purchases and redemptions. We do not accept cash, credit card convenience checks, non-bank money orders or travelers checks as forms of payment to purchase shares.
Franklin Templeton Investor Services
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
Call toll-free: (800) 632-2301
(Monday through Friday
5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific time)
or visit us online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
at franklintempleton.com
Investor Services
Automatic Investment Plan
This plan offers a convenient way for you to invest in the Fund by automatically transferring money from your checking or savings account each month to buy shares. To sign up, visit us online at franklintempleton.com or complete the appropriate section of your account application and mail it to Investor Services. If you are opening a new account, please include your minimum initial investment with your application.
Automated Telephone System
Our automated system offers around-the-clock access to information about your account or any Franklin Templeton fund. This service is available by dialing any of the following numbers from a touch-tone phone:
Shareholder Services | (800) 632-2301 |
Advisor Services | (800) 524-4040 |
Retirement Services | (800) 527-2020 |
Distribution Options
You may reinvest distributions you receive from the Fund in an existing account in the same share class* of the Fund or another Franklin Templeton fund. Initial sales charges and CDSCs will not apply to reinvested distributions. You also can have your distributions deposited in a bank account, or mailed by check. Deposits to a bank account may be made by electronic funds transfer.
* Class B and C shareholders may reinvest their distributions in Class A shares of any Franklin Templeton money fund. Advisor Class shareholders may reinvest in Advisor Class or Class A shares of another Franklin Templeton fund. To reinvest your distributions in Advisor Class shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, you must be a current shareholder in Advisor Class or otherwise qualify to buy that fund's Advisor Class shares.
If you received a distribution and chose to return it to purchase additional shares in Class A shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, you will not be charged an initial sales charge if you invest the distribution within 90 days of the distribution date.
Please indicate on your application the distribution option you have chosen, otherwise we will reinvest your distributions in the same share class of the Fund.
Retirement Plans
Franklin Templeton Investments offers a variety of retirement plans for individuals and businesses. These plans require separate applications, may require special forms for redemptions, and their policies and procedures may be different than those described in this prospectus. For more information, including a free retirement plan brochure or application, please call Retirement Services at (800) 527-2020.
Telephone/Online Privileges
You will automatically receive telephone/online privileges when you open your account, allowing you to obtain or view your account information, and conduct a number of transactions by phone or online, including: buy, sell, or exchange shares of most funds; use electronic funds transfer to buy or sell shares of most funds; change your address; and, add or change account services (including distribution options, systematic withdrawal plans and automatic investment plans).
To view your account information or request online transactions, you will first need to register for these services at the shareholder section of our website at franklintempleton.com. You will be asked to accept the terms of an online agreement(s) and establish a password for online services. If you are registered for online services, you may enroll online in Franklin Templetons electronic delivery program for your shareholder documents. This will allow you to receive electronic delivery (through our website) of most funds prospectuses, annual/semiannual reports to shareholders, and proxy statements, as well as your account(s) statements and trade confirmations, and discontinue receiving your paper copies through the U.S. mail. Using our shareholder website means you are consenting to sending and receiving personal financial information over the Internet, so you should be sure you are comfortable with the risks.
As long as we follow reasonable security procedures and act on instructions we reasonably believe are genuine, we will not be responsible for any losses that may occur from unauthorized requests. We will request passwords or other information, and also may record calls. To help safeguard your account, keep your password confidential, and verify the accuracy of your confirmation statements immediately after you receive them. Contact us immediately if you believe someone has obtained unauthorized access to your account or password. For transactions done over the Internet, we recommend the use of an Internet browser with 128-bit encryption. Certain methods of contacting us (such as by phone or by Internet) may be unavailable or delayed during periods of unusual market activity. Of course, you can decline telephone buy, sell, or exchange privileges on your account application, or choose not to register for online privileges. If you have telephone/online privileges on your account and want to discontinue them, please contact us for instructions. You may reinstate these privileges at any time in writing, including online registration with respect to online privileges.
Note: We discourage you from including confidential or sensitive information in any Internet communication to us. If you do choose to send email (encrypted or not) to us over the Internet, you are accepting the associated risks of lack of confidentiality.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
This plan allows you to automatically sell your shares and receive regular payments from your account. A CDSC may apply to withdrawals that exceed certain amounts. Certain terms and minimums apply. To sign up, visit us online at franklintempleton.com or complete the appropriate section of your application.
Franklin Templeton VIP Services ®
You may be eligible for Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® if you are currently eligible for the $250,000 sales charge breakpoint based solely on shares registered directly with the Franklin Templeton funds' transfer agent and excluding shares held indirectly through brokerage accounts. Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® shareholders enjoy enhanced service and transaction capabilities. Please contact Shareholder Services at (800) 632-2301 for additional information on this program.
Selling Shares
You can sell your shares at any time. Please keep in mind that a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) may apply.
Selling Shares in Writing
Generally, requests to sell $100,000 or less can be made over the phone, online, or with a simple letter. Sometimes, however, to protect you and the Fund we will need written instructions signed by all registered owners, with a signature guarantee for each owner, if:
We also may require a signature guarantee on instructions we receive from an agent, not the registered owners, or when we believe it would protect the Fund against potential claims based on the instructions received.
The amount may be higher for members of Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® . Please see Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® above for more information regarding eligibility.
A signature guarantee helps protect your account against fraud. You can obtain a signature guarantee at most banks and securities dealers.
A notary public CANNOT provide a signature guarantee.
Selling Recently Purchased Shares
If you sell shares recently purchased, we may delay sending you the proceeds until your check, draft or wire/electronic funds transfer has cleared, which may take seven business days.
Redemption Proceeds
Your redemption check will be sent within seven days after we receive your request in proper form. We are not able to receive or pay out cash in the form of currency.
Retirement Plans
You may need to complete additional forms to sell shares in a Franklin Templeton Bank & Trust retirement plan. For participants under the age of 59 1/2, tax penalties may apply. Call Retirement Services at (800) 527-2020 for details.
Selling Shares
To sell some or all of your shares |
|
Through your investment representative
Contact your investment representative By Mail
Send written instructions and endorsed share certificates (if you hold share certificates) to Investor Services. Corporate, partnership or trust accounts may need to send additional documents.
Specify the Fund, the account number and the dollar value or number of shares you wish to sell. If you own both Class A and B shares, also specify the class of shares, otherwise we will sell your Class A shares first. Be sure to include all necessary signatures and any additional documents, as well as signature guarantees if required.
A check will be mailed to the name(s) and address on the account, or otherwise according to your written instructions. By Phone/Online (800) 632-2301franklintempleton.com
As long as your transaction is for $100,000 or less, you do not hold share certificates and you have not changed your address by phone or online within the last 15 days, you can sell your shares by phone or online. The amount may be higher for members of Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® . Please see Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® above for more information regarding eligibility.
A check will be mailed to the name(s) and address on the account, or a pre-authorized secondary address. Written instructions, with a signature guarantee, are required to send the check to another address or to make it payable to another person. |
By Electronic Funds Transfer (ACH)
You can call, write, or visit us online to have redemption proceeds sent to a bank account. See the policies at left for selling shares by mail, phone, or online.
Before requesting to have redemption proceeds sent to a bank account, please make sure we have your bank account information on file. If we do not have this information, you will need to send written instructions with your bank's name and a voided check or savings account deposit slip. If the bank and Fund accounts do not have at least one common owner, you must provide written instructions signed by all fund and bank account owners, and each individual must have his or her signature guaranteed.
If we receive your request in proper form by 1:00 p.m. Pacific time, proceeds sent by ACH generally will be available within two to three business days. By Exchange
Obtain a current prospectus for the fund you are considering. Prospectuses are available online at franklintempleton.com.
Call Shareholder Services at the number below or send signed written instructions. You also may place an exchange order online. See the policies at left for selling shares by mail, phone, or online.
If you hold share certificates, you will need to return them to the Fund before your exchange can be processed. |
Franklin Templeton Investor Services
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
Call toll-free: (800) 632-2301
(Monday through Friday 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific time)
or visit us online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
at franklintempleton.com
Exchanging Shares
Exchange Privilege
Class A, B, C & R
You can exchange shares between most Franklin Templeton funds within the same class,* generally without paying any additional sales charges. If you exchange shares from a money fund and those shares were not charged a sales charge previously, however, a sales charge may apply.
* Class Z shareholders of Franklin Mutual Series Funds may exchange into Class A without any sales charge. Advisor Class shareholders of another Franklin Templeton fund also may exchange into Class A without any sales charge. Advisor Class shareholders who exchange their shares for Class A shares and later decide they would like to exchange into another fund that offers Advisor Class may do so.
Any CDSC will continue to be calculated from the date of your initial investment and will not be charged at the time of the exchange. The purchase price for determining a CDSC on exchanged shares will be the price you paid for the original shares. If you exchange shares subject to a CDSC into a Class A money fund, the time your shares are held in the money fund will not count towards the CDSC holding period.
If you exchange your Class B shares for the same class of shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, the time your shares are held in that fund will count towards the eight-year period for automatic conversion to Class A shares.
Advisor Class
You can exchange your Advisor Class shares for Advisor Class shares of other Franklin Templeton funds. You also may exchange your Advisor Class shares for Class A shares of a fund that does not currently offer an Advisor Class (without any sales charge)* or for Class Z shares of Franklin Mutual Series Funds.
* If you exchange into Class A shares and you later decide you would like to exchange into a fund that offers an Advisor Class, you may exchange your Class A shares for Advisor Class shares if you are a current shareholder in Advisor Class or you otherwise qualify to buy the fund's Advisor Class shares.
All Classes
The remainder of the Exchanging Shares section applies to all classes.
Generally exchanges may only be made between identically registered accounts, unless you send written instructions with a signature guarantee.
An exchange is really two transactions: a sale of one fund and the purchase of another. In general, the same policies that apply to purchases and sales also apply to exchanges, including minimum investment amounts (except exchanges of an entire account balance). Exchanges also generally have the same tax consequences as ordinary sales and purchases.
Rejected exchanges. If the Fund rejects an exchange request involving the sale of Fund shares, the rejected exchange request will also mean rejection of the request to purchase shares of another fund with the proceeds of the sale. Of course, you may generally redeem shares of the Fund at any time.
Exchanges through financial intermediaries. If you are investing indirectly in the Fund through a financial intermediary such as a broker-dealer, a bank, an insurance company separate account, an investment advisor, an administrator or trustee of an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan such as a 401(k) retirement plan and a 529 college savings plan that maintains a master account (an Omnibus Account) with the Fund for trading on behalf of its customers, different exchange and/or transfer limit guidelines and restrictions may apply. The financial intermediary through whom you are investing may choose to adopt different trading restrictions designed to discourage short-term or excessive trading. Consult with your financial intermediary (or, in the case of a 401(k) retirement plan, your plan sponsor) to determine what trading restrictions, including exchange/transfer limitations, may be applicable to you.
Fund exchange privilege changes/waiver. The Fund may terminate or modify (temporarily or permanently) this exchange privilege in the future. You will receive 60 days' notice of any material changes, unless otherwise provided by law.
Other funds' exchange privileges. If there is a conflict between the exchange privileges of two funds involved in an exchange transaction, the stricter policy will apply to the transaction. Other Franklin Templeton funds may have different exchange restrictions. Check each fund's prospectus for details.
Frequent Trading Policy
The Fund's board of trustees has adopted the following policies and procedures with respect to frequent trading in Fund shares (Frequent Trading Policy).
The Fund does not intend to accommodate short-term or frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares that may be detrimental to the Fund. For example, this type of trading activity could interfere with the efficient management of the Fund's portfolio or materially increase the Fund's transaction costs, administrative costs or taxes.
In addition, since the Fund may invest in foreign securities, it may be vulnerable to a form of short-term trading that is sometimes referred to as time-zone arbitrage. Time-zone arbitrage occurs when an investor seeks to take advantage of delays between changes in the value of a mutual funds portfolio holdings and the reflection of those changes in the funds net asset value per share. These delays are more likely to occur in the case of foreign investments, due to differences between the times during which the Funds international portfolio securities trade on foreign markets and the time as of which the Funds NAV is calculated (generally as of the close of the NYSE - please see Calculating Share Price). Time-zone arbitrage traders seek to purchase or redeem shares of a fund based on events occurring after foreign market closing prices are established, but before calculation of the funds NAV. This can result in the value of the Funds shares being diluted. One of the objectives of the Funds fair value pricing procedures is to minimize the possibility of this type of arbitrage (please see "Valuation - Foreign Securities - Potential Impact of Time Zones and Market Holidays"); however, there can be no assurance that the Funds valuation procedures will be successful in eliminating it.
Through its transfer agent, the Fund performs ongoing monitoring of shareholder trading in shares of the Fund and other Franklin Templeton funds in order to try and identify shareholder trading patterns that suggest an ongoing short-term trading strategy. If shareholder trading patterns identified by the transfer agent through monitoring or from other information regarding the shareholders trading activity in non-Franklin Templeton funds leads the transfer agent to reasonably conclude that such trading may be detrimental to the Fund as described in this Frequent Trading Policy, the transfer agent, on behalf of the Fund, may temporarily or permanently bar future purchases into the Fund or, alternatively, may limit the amount, number or frequency of any future purchases and/or the method by which you may request future purchases and redemptions (including purchases and/or redemptions by an exchange or transfer between the Fund and any other mutual fund).
In considering an investors trading patterns, the Fund may consider, among other factors, the investors trading history both directly and, if known, through financial intermediaries, in the Fund, in other Franklin Templeton funds, in non-Franklin Templeton mutual funds, or in accounts under common control or ownership (see, for example, Investment by asset allocators in the SAI). The transfer agent may also reject any purchase or redemption request, whether or not it represents part of any ongoing trading pattern, if the Fund's investment manager or transfer agent reasonably concludes that the amount of the requested transaction may disrupt or otherwise interfere with the efficient management of the Funds portfolio.
Frequent trading through financial intermediaries. You are an investor subject to this Frequent Trading Policy whether you are a direct shareholder of the Fund or you are investing indirectly in the Fund through a financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer, bank, trust company, insurance company product such as an annuity contract, investment advisor, or an administrator or trustee of an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan such as a 401(k) retirement plan and a 529 college savings plan.
Some financial intermediaries maintain master accounts with the Fund on behalf of their customers (omnibus accounts). The Fund has entered into information sharing agreements with these financial intermediaries, which permit the Fund to obtain, upon request, information about the trading activity of the intermediarys customers that invest in the Fund. If the Funds transfer agent identifies omnibus account level trading patterns that have the potential to be detrimental to the Fund, the transfer agent may, in its sole discretion, request from the financial intermediary information concerning the trading activity of its customers. Based upon its review of the information, if the transfer agent determines that the trading activity of any customer may be detrimental to the Fund, it may, in its sole discretion, request the financial intermediary to restrict or limit further trading in the Fund by that customer. There can be no assurance that the transfer agents monitoring of omnibus account level trading patterns will enable it to identify all short-term trading by a financial intermediarys customers.
Revocation of trades. While the Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order for any reason, the Fund may also revoke executed purchase orders that the transfer agent reasonably concludes in its sole discretion may have been contrary to the objectives of the Fund's Frequent Trading Policy.
Account Policies
Calculating Share Price
Class A, B & C
When you buy shares, you pay the "offering price" for the shares. The "offering price" is determined by dividing the NAV per share by an amount equal to 1 minus the sales charge applicable to the purchase (expressed in decimals), calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria. The number of Fund shares you will be issued will equal the amount invested divided by the applicable offering price for those shares, calculated to three decimal places using standard rounding criteria. For example, if the NAV per share is $10.25 and the applicable sales charge for the purchase is 5.75%, the offering price would be calculated as follows: 10.25 divided by 1.00 minus 0.0575 [10.25/0.9425] equals 10.87533, which, when rounded to two decimal points, equals 10.88. The offering price per share would be $10.88.
When you sell shares, you receive the NAV minus any applicable CDSC.
All Classes
The value of a mutual fund is determined by deducting the funds liabilities from the total assets of the portfolio. The NAV per share is determined by dividing the total net asset value of each funds share class by the applicable number of shares outstanding per share class.
The Fund calculates the NAV per share each business day at the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 1:00 p.m. Pacific time). The Fund does not calculate the NAV on days the NYSE is closed for trading, which include New Years Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
When determining its NAV, the Fund values cash and receivables at their realizable amounts, and records interest as accrued and dividends on the ex-dividend date. The Fund generally utilizes two independent pricing services to assist in determining a current market value for each security. If market quotations are readily available for portfolio securities listed on a securities exchange, the Fund values those securities at the last quoted sale price or the official closing price of the day, respectively, or, if there is no reported sale, within the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. The Fund values over-the-counter portfolio securities within the range of the most recent bid and ask prices. If portfolio securities trade both in the over-the-counter market and on a stock exchange, the Fund values them according to the broadest and most representative market.
Requests to buy and sell shares are processed at the NAV next calculated after we or an approved financial intermediary receive your request in proper form.
Generally, trading in corporate bonds, U.S. government securities and money market instruments is substantially completed each day at various times before the close of the NYSE. The value of these securities used in computing the NAV is determined as of such times. Occasionally, events affecting the values of these securities may occur between the times at which they are determined and the close of the NYSE that will not be reflected in the computation of the NAV. The Fund relies on third-party pricing vendors to monitor for events materially affecting the value of these securities during this period. If an event occurs, the third-party pricing vendors will provide revised values to the Fund.
Fair Valuation Individual Securities
The Fund has procedures, approved by the board of trustees, to determine the fair value of individual securities and other assets for which market prices are not readily available (such as certain restricted or unlisted securities and private placements) or which may not be reliably priced (such as in the case of trade suspensions or halts, price movement limits set by certain foreign markets, and thinly traded or illiquid securities). Some methods for valuing these securities may include: fundamental analysis (earnings multiple, etc.), matrix pricing, discounts from market prices of similar securities, or discounts applied due to the nature and duration of restrictions on the disposition of the securities. The board of trustees oversees the application of fair value pricing procedures.
The application of fair value pricing procedures represents a good faith determination based upon specifically applied procedures. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were able to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Security Valuation Pass-Through Securities, CMO, ABS, MBS
Mortgage pass-through securities (such as Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac), other mortgage-backed securities (MBS), collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) and asset-backed securities (ABS) generally trade in the over-the-counter market rather than on a securities exchange. The Fund may value these portfolio securities by utilizing quotations from bond dealers, information with respect to bond and note transactions and may rely on independent pricing services. The Funds pricing services use valuation models or matrix pricing to determine current value. In general, they use information with respect to comparable bond and note transactions, quotations from bond dealers or by reference to other securities that are considered comparable in such characteristics as rating, interest rate, maturity date, option adjusted spread models, prepayment projections, interest rate spreads and yield curves. Matrix pricing is considered a form of fair value pricing.
Security Valuation Corporate Debt Securities
Corporate debt securities generally trade in the over-the-counter market rather than on a securities exchange. The Fund may value these portfolio securities by utilizing quotations from bond dealers, information with respect to bond and note transactions and may rely on independent pricing services to assist in determining a current market value for each security. The Funds pricing services may utilize independent quotations from bond dealers and bond market activity to determine current value.
Security Valuation Senior Secured Corporate Loans
Senior secured corporate loans with floating or variable interest rates generally trade in the over-the-counter market rather than on a securities exchange. The Fund may value these portfolio securities by utilizing quotations from loan dealers and other financial institutions, information with respect to bond and note transactions and may rely on independent pricing services to assist in determining a current market value for each security. These pricing services use independent market quotations from loan dealers or financial institutions and may incorporate valuation methodologies that incorporate multiple bond characteristics. These characteristics may include dealer quotes, issuer type, coupon, maturity, weighted average maturity, interest rate spreads and yield curves, cash flow and credit risk/quality analysis.
Security Valuation Options
The Fund values portfolio securities underlying actively traded call options at their market price as determined above. The current market value of any option the Fund holds is its last sale price on the relevant exchange before the Fund values its assets. If there are no sales that day or if the last sale price is outside the bid and ask prices, the Fund values options within the range of the current closing bid and ask prices if the Fund believes the valuation fairly reflects the contracts market value.
Security Valuation Foreign Securities Computation of U.S. Equivalent Value
The Fund generally determines the value of a foreign security as of the close of trading on the foreign stock exchange on which the security is primarily traded, or as of the close of trading on the NYSE, if earlier. The value is then converted into its U.S. dollar equivalent at the foreign exchange rate in effect at the close of the NYSE (generally 1:00 p.m. Pacific time) on the day that the value of the foreign security is determined. If no sale is reported at that time, the foreign security will be valued within the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. Occasionally events (such as repatriation limits or restrictions) may impact the availability or reliability of foreign exchange rates used to convert the U.S. dollar equivalent value. If such an event occurs, the foreign exchange rate will be valued at fair value using procedures established and approved by the board of trustees.
Valuation Foreign Securities Potential Impact of Time Zones and Market Holidays
Trading in securities on foreign securities stock exchanges and over-the-counter markets, such as those in Europe and Asia, may be completed well before the close of business on the NYSE on each day that the NYSE is open. Occasionally, events occur between the time at which trading in a foreign security is completed and the close of the NYSE that might call into question the availability (including the reliability) of the value of a foreign portfolio security held by the Fund. As a result, the Fund may be susceptible to what is referred to as time-zone arbitrage. Certain investors in the Fund may seek to take advantage of discrepancies in the value of the Funds portfolio securities as determined by the foreign market at its close and the latest indications of value attributable to the portfolio securities at the time the Funds NAV is computed. Trading by these investors, often referred to as arbitrage market timers, may dilute the value of the Funds shares, if such discrepancies in security values actually exist. To attempt to minimize the possibilities for time-zone arbitrage, and in accordance with procedures established and approved by the Funds board of trustees, the investment manager monitors price movements following the close of trading in foreign stock markets through a series of country specific market proxies (such as baskets of American Depositary Receipts, futures contracts and exchange traded funds).
These price movements are measured against established trigger thresholds for each specific market proxy to assist in determining if an event has occurred that might call into question the availability (including the reliability) of the values of foreign securities between the times at which they are determined and the close of the NYSE. If such an event occurs, the foreign securities may be valued using fair value procedures established and approved by the board of trustees. In certain circumstances these procedures include the use of independent pricing services. The intended effect of applying fair value pricing is to compute an NAV that accurately reflects the value of the Funds portfolio at the time that the NAV is calculated, to discourage potential arbitrage market timing in Fund shares, to mitigate the dilutive impact of such attempted arbitrage market timing and to be fair to purchasing, redeeming and existing shareholders. However, the application of fair value pricing procedures may, on occasion, worsen rather than mitigate the potential dilutive impact of shareholder trading.
In addition, trading in foreign portfolio securities generally, or in securities markets in a particular country or countries, may not take place on every NYSE business day. Furthermore, trading takes place in various foreign markets on days that are not business days for the NYSE, and on which the Fund's NAV is not calculated. Thus, the calculation of the Fund's NAV does not take place contemporaneously with the determination of the prices of many of the foreign portfolio securities used in the calculation. If events affecting the last determined values of these foreign securities occur (determined through the monitoring process described above), the securities will be valued at fair value determined in good faith in accordance with the Funds fair value procedures established and approved by the board of trustees.
Accounts with Low Balances
If your account has been open for more than one year and its value falls below $500 ($50 for employee and UGMA/UTMA accounts), we will mail you a notice asking you to bring the account back up to its applicable minimum investment amount. If you choose not to do so within 30 days, we will close your account and mail the proceeds to the address of record. You will not be charged a CDSC if your account is closed for this reason. This policy does not apply to: (1) certain broker-controlled accounts established through the National Securities Clearing Corporations Networking system; (2) accounts in Class B and Class A accounts established pursuant to a conversion from Class B; (3) tax-deferred retirement plan accounts; (4) active automatic investment plan accounts; (5) broker-dealer sponsored separately managed accounts (wrap accounts); (6) accounts held through a 529 college savings program; and, (7) Coverdell Education Savings Plan accounts.
Statements, Reports and Prospectuses
You will receive quarterly account statements that show all your account transactions during the quarter. You also will receive written notification after each transaction affecting your account (except for distributions and transactions made through automatic investment or withdrawal programs, which will be reported on your quarterly statement).
You also will receive the Fund's financial reports every six months as well as an annual updated prospectus. To reduce Fund expenses, we try to identify related shareholders in a household and send only one copy of the financial reports and prospectus. This process, called "householding," will continue indefinitely unless you instruct us otherwise. If you prefer not to have these documents householded, please call us at (800) 632-2301. At any time you may view current prospectuses and financial reports on our website.
If you choose, you may receive your statements, financial reports and prospectuses through electronic delivery (please see "Investor Services - Telephone/Online Privileges").
Investment Representative Account Access
If there is a dealer or other investment representative of record on your account, he or she will be able to obtain your account information, conduct transactions for your account, and also will receive copies of all notifications and statements and other information about your account directly from the Fund.
Street or Nominee Accounts
You may transfer your shares from the street or nominee name account of one dealer to another, as long as both dealers have an agreement with Distributors. We will process the transfer after we receive authorization in proper form from your delivering securities dealer.
Joint Accounts
Unless you specify a different registration, shares issued to two or more owners are registered as "joint tenants with rights of survivorship" (shown as "Jt Ten" on your account statement). To make any ownership changes to jointly owned shares, or to sever a joint tenancy in jointly owned shares, all owners must agree in writing.
Joint Account Risk with Telephone/Online Privileges
You will automatically receive telephone/online privileges when you open your account. If your account has more than one registered owner, telephone/online privileges allow the Fund to accept online registration for online services (including electronic delivery of shareholder documents) and transaction instructions online or by telephone from only one registered owner. This means that any one registered owner on your account, acting alone and without the consent of any other registered owner , may give the Fund instructions by telephone, online or in writing (subject to any limitations in telephone or online privileges) to:
If you do NOT want another registered owner on your account to be able to issue these kinds of instructions to the Fund without your consent, you must instruct the Fund to deny/terminate online privileges and the ability to issue such instructions by telephone so that these types of instructions will only be accepted in writing signed by all account owners. This decision will apply to any other fund into which you may exchange your jointly owned Fund shares. Any later decision to permit these types of instructions by telephone and/or online will need to be given to the Fund in a written instruction signed by all registered owners.
Additional Policies
Please note that the Fund maintains additional policies and reserves certain rights, including:
Dealer Compensation
Class A, B, C & R
Qualifying dealers who sell Fund shares may receive sales commissions and other payments. These are paid by Distributors from sales charges received from purchasing or redeeming shareholders, from distribution and service (12b-1) fees from the Fund and from Distributors' other financial resources. Dealers may also receive shareholder servicing fees for servicing investors who indirectly hold Franklin Templeton fund shares through dealer-maintained brokerage accounts as more fully described under "Shareholder servicing and transfer agent" in the SAI. These fees are paid by the Fund's transfer agent from payments it receives under its agreement with the Fund.
No dealer commission will be paid on Class A NAV purchases by Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
If any dealer commissions are paid in connection with a purchase which is subsequently rejected or results in any trading restriction placed on the purchaser as a result of a determination by the Fund's investment manager or transfer agent that the purchase may be connected with trading activity that may be detrimental to the Fund as described in the Fund's "Frequent Trading Policy," the dealer shall, upon demand, refund such commissions to Distributors.
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | |
Commission (%) | -- | -- | 1.00 1 | -- |
Investment under $100,000 | 4.00 | -- | -- | -- |
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 2.80 | -- | -- | -- |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 2.00 | -- | -- | -- |
$500,000 but under $1 million | 1.60 | -- | -- | -- |
$1 million or more | up to 0.75 2 | -- | -- | -- |
12b-1 fee to dealer | 0.25 2 | 0.15 3 | 0.65 4 | 0.50 |
1. Commission includes advance of the first year's 0.15% 12b-1 service fee. Distributors may pay a prepaid commission. However, Distributors does not pay a prepaid commission on any purchases by Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
2. For purchases at NAV where Distributors paid a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee in the 13th month after purchase. For purchases at NAV where Distributors did not pay a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee at the time of purchase.
3. After eight years, Class B shares convert to Class A shares and dealers may then receive the 12b-1 fee applicable to Class A.
4. Dealers may be eligible to receive up to 0.15% at the time of purchase and may be eligible to receive 0.65% starting in the 13th month. During the first 12 months, the full 12b-1 fee will be paid to Distributors to partially offset the commission and the prepaid service fee paid at the time of purchase. For purchases at NAV where Distributors did not pay a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee at the time of purchase.
Other dealer and financial intermediary compensation. Distributors may make payments (a portion of which may be reimbursable under the terms of the Fund's Rule 12b-1 distribution plans) to certain dealers who have sold shares of the Franklin Templeton mutual funds. In the case of any one dealer, marketing support payments will not exceed the sum of 0.08% of that dealer's current year's total sales of Franklin Templeton mutual funds, and 0.05% (or 0.03%) of the total assets of equity (or fixed income) funds attributable to that dealer, on an annual basis. Marketing support payments made to organizations located outside the U.S., with respect to investments in the Fund by non-U.S. persons, may exceed this limitation. Distributors makes these payments in connection with the qualifying dealers' efforts to educate financial advisors about the Franklin Templeton funds. Any current year sales to, or assets held on behalf of, Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans for which payment is made to a financial intermediary pursuant to the following paragraph will be excluded from the calculation of marketing support payments pursuant to this paragraph.
Distributors and/or its affiliates may also make payments (a portion of which may be reimbursable under the terms of the Fund's Rule 12b-1 distribution plans) to certain financial intermediaries in connection with their activities that are intended to assist in the sale of shares of the Franklin Templeton mutual funds, directly or indirectly, to certain Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans. In the case of any one financial intermediary, such payments will not exceed 0.10% of the total assets of Franklin Templeton mutual funds held, directly or indirectly, by such Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, on an annual basis.
A number of factors will be considered in determining these payments, including the qualifying dealer or financial intermediary's sales, assets and redemption rates, the nature and quality of any servicing provided by the financial intermediary, and the quality of the dealer or financial intermediary's relationship with Distributors. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine the advisability of continuing these payments. These payments may be in addition to any shareholder servicing fees paid by the Fund's transfer agent from payments it receives under its agreement with the Fund.
To the extent permitted by SEC and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority rules and other applicable laws and regulations, Distributors may pay or allow other promotional incentives or payments to dealers.
Sale of Fund shares, as well as shares of other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments, is not considered a factor in the selection of broker-dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions. Accordingly, the allocation of portfolio transactions for execution by broker-dealers that sell Fund shares is not considered marketing support payments to such broker-dealers.
You can find further details in the SAI about the payments made by Distributors and the services provided by your financial advisor. Your financial advisor may charge you additional fees or commissions other than those disclosed in this prospectus. You should ask your financial advisor for information about any payments it receives from Distributors and any services it provides, as well as about fees and/or commissions it charges.
Questions
If you have any questions about the Fund or your account, you can write to us at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151. You also can call us at one of the following numbers. For your protection and to help ensure we provide you with quality service, all calls may be monitored or recorded.
Department Name | Telephone Number |
Hours (Pacific time,
Monday through Friday) |
Shareholder Services | (800) 632-2301 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Fund Information |
(800) DIAL BEN
(800) 342-5236 |
5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Retirement Services | (800) 527-2020 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Advisor Services | (800) 524-4040 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
TDD (hearing impaired) | (800) 851-0637 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Automated Telephone System |
(800) 632-2301
(800) 524-4040 (800) 527-2020 |
(around-the-clock access) |
FOR MORE INFORMATION
You can learn more about the Fund in the following documents:
Annual/Semiannual Report to Shareholders
Includes a discussion of recent market conditions and Fund strategies that significantly affected Fund performance during its last fiscal year, financial statements, detailed performance information, portfolio holdings and, in the annual report only, the independent registered public accounting firms report.
Statement of Additional Information (SAI)
Contains more information about the Fund, its investments and policies. It is incorporated by reference (is legally a part of this prospectus).
For a free copy of the current annual/semiannual report or the SAI, please contact your investment representative or call us at the number below. You also can view the current annual/semiannual report and the SAI online through franklintempleton.com.
You also can obtain information about the Fund by visiting the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC (phone (202) 551-8090) or the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. You can obtain copies of this information, after paying a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-0102 or by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
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One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906
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Investment Company Act file #811-06243 |
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© 2011 Franklin Templeton Investments. All rights reserved. |
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2259 |
194 P 09/11 |
Franklin Strategic Series |
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
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Class | |||||
A | B | C | R | Advisor | |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund | FKCGX | FKCBX | FCIIX | FRCGX | FKCAX |
Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund | FCEQX | | Pending | Pending | Pending |
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund | FGRAX | FKABX | FKACX | FKARX | FRAAX |
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund | FSGRX | FBSGX | FCSGX | FSSRX | FSSAX |
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund | FRSGX | FBSMX | FRSIX | FSMRX | FSGAX |
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION September 1, 2011 This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus. It contains information in addition to the information in the Funds (hereafter "the Fund") prospectus. The Funds prospectus, dated September 1, 2011, which we may amend from time to time, contains the basic information you should know before investing in the Fund. You should read this SAI together with the Funds prospectus. The audited financial statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm in the Funds Annual Report to Shareholders, for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, are incorporated by reference (are legally a part of this SAI). For a free copy of the current prospectus or annual report, contact your investment representative or call (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236. |
CONTENTS
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FSS1 SAI 09/11 |
The following information provided with respect to the Fund is in addition to that included in the Funds prospectus.
In addition to the main types of investments and strategies undertaken by the Fund as described in the prospectus, the Fund also may invest in other types of securities and engage in and pursue other investment strategies, which are described in this SAI. Investments and investment strategies with respect to the Fund are discussed in greater detail in the section below entitled "Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks.
Generally, the policies and restrictions discussed in this SAI and in the prospectus apply when the Fund makes an investment. In most cases, the Fund is not required to sell a security because circumstances change and the security no longer meets one or more of the Fund's policies or restrictions. If a percentage restriction or limitation is met at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in the percentage due to a change in the value or liquidity of portfolio securities will not be considered a violation of the restriction or limitation.
If a bankruptcy or other extraordinary event occurs concerning a particular security the Fund owns, the Fund may receive stock, real estate or other investments that the Fund would not, or could not, buy. If this happens, the Fund intends to sell such investments as soon as practicable while trying to maximize the return to shareholders.
The Fund has adopted certain investment restrictions as fundamental and non-fundamental policies. A fundamental policy may only be changed if the change is approved by (i) more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares or (ii) 67% or more of the Fund's shares present at a shareholder meeting if more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy, whichever is less. A non-fundamental policy may be changed without the approval of shareholders.
Fundamental Investment Policies
The investment goal of the Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund (Flex Cap Fund) is capital appreciation.
The investment goal of the Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund (Focused Core Equity Fund) is capital appreciation.
The investment goal of the Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (Growth Opportunities Fund) is capital appreciation.
The investment goal of the Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (Small Cap Fund) is long-term capital growth.
The investment goal of the Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (Small-Mid Cap Fund) is long-term capital growth.
Other than the Small-Mid Cap Fund, each Fund may not:
1. Borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act), or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
2. Act as an underwriter, except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter when disposing of securities it owns or when selling its own shares.
3. Make loans if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other persons, including other investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the SEC. This limitation does not apply to (i) the lending of portfolio securities, (ii) the purchase of debt securities, other debt instruments, loan participations and/or engaging in direct corporate loans in accordance with its investment goals and policies, and (iii) repurchase agreements to the extent the entry into a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan.
4. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments and provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from (i) purchasing or selling securities or instruments secured by real estate or interests therein, securities or instruments representing interests in real estate or securities or instruments of issuers that invest, deal or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or interests therein, and (ii) making, purchasing or selling real estate mortgage loans.
5. Purchase or sell physical commodities, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments and provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from (i) engaging in transactions involving currencies and futures contracts and options thereon or (ii) investing in securities or other instruments that are secured by physical commodities.
6. Issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the SEC.
7. Invest more than 25% of the Fund's net assets in securities of issuers in any one industry (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies).
8. Purchase the securities of any one issuer (other than the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies, whether registered or excluded from registration under Section 3(c) of the 1940 Act) if immediately after such investment (i) more than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets would be invested in such issuer or (ii) more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer would be owned by the Fund, except that up to 25% of the value of the Funds total assets may be invested without regard to such 5% and 10% limitations.
The Small-Mid Cap Fund may not:
1. Purchase the securities of any one issuer (other than obligations of the U.S., its agencies or instrumentalities) if immediately thereafter, and as a result of the purchase, the Fund would (a) have invested more than 5% of the value of its total assets in the securities of the issuer, or (b) hold more than 10% of any voting class of the securities of any one issuer.
2. Make loans to other persons, except by the purchase of bonds, debentures or similar obligations which are publicly distributed or of a character usually acquired by institutional investors or through loans of the Funds portfolio securities, or to the extent the entry into a repurchase agreement may be deemed a loan.
3. Borrow money (does not preclude the Fund from obtaining such short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of its portfolio securities), except in the form of reverse repurchase agreements or from banks in order to meet redemption requests that might otherwise require the untimely disposition of portfolio securities or for other temporary or emergency (but not investment) purposes, in an amount up to 10% of the value of the Funds total assets (including the amount borrowed) based on the lesser of cost or market, less liabilities (not including the amount borrowed) at the time the borrowing is made. While borrowings exceed 5% of the Funds total assets, the Fund will not make any additional investments.
4. Invest more than 25% of the Funds assets (at the time of the most recent investment) in any single industry.
5. Underwrite securities of other issuers or invest more than 10% of its assets in securities with legal or contractual restrictions on resale (although the Fund may invest in such securities to the extent permitted under the federal securities laws, for example, transactions between the Fund and Qualified Institutional Buyers subject to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933) or which are not readily marketable, or which have a record of less than three years continuous operation, including the operations of any predecessor companies, if more than 10% of the Funds total assets would be invested in such companies.
6. Invest in securities for the purpose of exercising management or control of the issuer.
7. Maintain a margin account with a securities dealer or invest in commodities and commodity contracts (except that the Fund may engage in financial futures, including stock index futures, and options on stock index futures) or lease or acquire any interests, including interests issued by limited partnerships (other than publicly traded equity securities) in oil, gas, or other mineral exploration or development programs, or invest in excess of 5% of its total assets in options unrelated to the Funds transactions in futures, including puts, calls, straddles, spreads, or any combination thereof.
8. Effect short sales, unless at the time the Fund owns securities equivalent in kind and amount to those sold (which will normally be for deferring recognition of gains or losses for tax purposes). The Fund does not currently intend to employ this investment technique.
9. Invest directly in real estate, real estate limited partnerships or illiquid securities issued by real estate investment trusts (the Fund may, however, invest in marketable securities issued by real estate investment trusts).
10. Invest in the securities of other investment companies, except where there is no commission other than the customary brokerage commission or sales charge, or except that securities of another investment company may be acquired pursuant to a plan of reorganization, merger, consolidation or acquisition, and except where the Fund would not own, immediately after the acquisition, securities of the investment companies which exceed in the aggregate i) more than 3% of the issuers outstanding voting stock, ii) more than 5% of the Funds total assets, and iii) together with the securities of all other investment companies held by the Fund, exceed, in the aggregate, more than 10% of the Funds total assets. The Fund may invest in shares of one or more money market funds managed by the manager or its affiliates.
11. Purchase from or sell to its officers and trustees, or any firm of which any officer or trustee is a member, as principal, any securities, but may deal with such persons or firms as brokers and pay a customary brokerage commission; or purchase or retain securities of any issuer, if to the knowledge of the Trust, one or more of the officers or trustees of the Trust, or the manager, own beneficially more than one-half of 1% of the securities of such issuer and all such officers and trustees together own beneficially more than 5% of such securities.
Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
Flex Cap Fund
1. The Fund may not pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets as securities for loans, nor to engage in joint or joint and several trading accounts in securities, except that it may: (i) participate in joint repurchase arrangements; (ii) invest in shares of one or more money market funds managed by the manager or its affiliates, to the extent permitted by exemptions granted under the 1940 Act; or (iii) combine orders to buy or sell with orders from other persons to obtain lower brokerage commissions.
2. The Fund may invest in securities of companies operating in the real estate industry, including real estate investment trusts (REITs).
3. The Fund may invest in debt securities that the manager believes present an opportunity for capital appreciation as a result of improvement in the creditworthiness of the issuer. The Fund may invest in both rated and unrated debt securities. The Fund may buy securities that are rated at least B by Moodys Investors Service (Moodys) or Standard & Poors (S&P ® ) or unrated securities the manager deems to be of comparable quality. The Fund will not invest more than 5% of its assets in securities rated below investment grade.
4. When suitable opportunities are available, the Fund may invest in private or illiquid securities, such as late stage venture capital financings.
Focused Core Equity Fund
1. The Fund may invest in debt securities that the Funds manager believes present an opportunity for capital appreciation as a result of improvement in the creditworthiness of the issuer.
Growth Opportunities Fund
1. Borrowings under fundamental investment restriction number 1 above may not exceed 15% of the value of the Funds total assets (including the amount borrowed).
2. When suitable opportunities are available, the Fund may invest in initial public offerings of securities and in private or illiquid securities, such as late stage venture capital financings.
Small Cap Fund
1. The Fund may invest in foreign securities, including those of developing or emerging markets.
2. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in REITs.
3. The Fund will not invest in securities issued without stock certificates or comparable stock documents.
4. The Fund may not invest more than 10% of its net assets in securities of issuers with less than three years continuous operation, including the operation of predecessor companies.
5. The Fund may invest up to 5% of its total assets in corporate debt securities that the manager believes have the potential for capital appreciation as a result of improvement in the creditworthiness of the issuer. The Fund may buy both rated and unrated debt securities. The Fund will invest in securities rated B or better by Moodys or S&P or unrated securities the manager deems to be of comparable quality.
6. When suitable opportunities are available, the Fund may invest a small portion of its assets in private or illiquid securities, such as late stage venture capital financings.
Small-Mid Cap Fund
1. The Fund may not pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets as securities for loans, nor engage in joint or joint and several trading accounts in securities, except that it may: (i) participate in joint repurchase arrangements; (ii) invest in shares of one or more money market funds managed by the manager or its affiliates, to the extent permitted by exemptions granted under the 1940 Act; or (iii) combine orders to buy or sell with orders from other persons to obtain lower brokerage commissions.
2. The Fund may invest in REITs.
3. The Fund will not invest in securities issued without stock certificates or comparable stock documents.
4. The Fund may not invest more than 10% of its net assets in securities of issuers with less than three years continuous operation.
5. The Fund may invest up to 5% of its total assets in corporate debt securities that the manager believes have the potential for capital appreciation as a result of improvement in the creditworthiness of the issuer. The Fund may buy both rated and unrated debt securities. The Fund will invest in securities rated B or better by Moodys or S&P or unrated securities the investment manager deems to be of comparable quality.
6. When suitable opportunities are available, the Fund may invest in initial public offerings of securities and in private or illiquid securities, such as late stage venture capital financings.
Additional StrategiesIn trying to achieve its investment goal, the Fund may invest in the types of instruments or engage in the types of transactions identified below and in the section Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks. The Fund may or may not use all of these techniques at any one time. A more detailed description of the investment policies as well as the risks associated with these investment policies that the Fund uses is included.
Flex Cap Fund
Focused Core Equity Fund
Growth Opportunities Fund
Small Cap Fund
Small-Mid Cap Fund
Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks
Certain words or phrases may be used in descriptions of Fund investment policies and strategies to give investors a general sense of the Fund's levels of investment. They are broadly identified with, but not limited to, the following percentages of Fund total assets:
"small portion" | less than 10% |
"portion" | 10% to 25% |
"significant" | 25% to 50% |
"substantial" | 50% to 66% |
"primary" | 66% to 80% |
"predominant" | 80% or more |
If the Fund intends to limit particular investments or strategies to no more than specific percentages of Fund assets, the prospectus or SAI will clearly identify such limitations. The percentages above are not limitations unless specifically stated as such in the Fund's prospectus or elsewhere in this SAI.
The Fund may invest in securities that are rated by various rating services such as Moody's Investors Service (Moody's) and Standard & Poor's (S&P ® ).
The value of your shares will increase as the value of the investments owned by the Fund increases and will decrease as the value of the Fund's investments decreases. In this way, you participate in any change in the value of the investments owned by the Fund. In addition to the factors that affect the value of any particular investment that the Fund owns, the value of the Fund's shares may also change with movements in the stock and bond markets as a whole.
The following is a description of various types of securities, instruments and techniques that may be purchased and/or used by the Fund:
Asset-backed securities Asset-backed securities represent interests in a pool of loans, leases or other receivables. The assets underlying asset-backed securities may include receivables on home equity loans, credit card loans, and automobile, mobile home and recreational vehicle loans and leases and other assets. Asset-backed securities are often backed by a pool of assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties and may have adjustable interest rates that reset at periodic intervals.
The credit quality of most asset-backed securities depends primarily on the credit quality of the underlying assets, how well the issuers of the securities are insulated from the credit risk of the originator or affiliated entities, and the amount of credit support (if any) provided to the securities. Credit support for asset-backed securities is intended to lessen the effect of failures by obligors (such as individual borrowers or leasers) on the underlying assets to make payments. Credit support generally falls into two categories: (i) liquidity protection; and (ii) protection against losses from the default by an obligor on the underlying assets.
Liquidity protection refers to advances, generally provided by the entity administering the pool of assets, intended to ensure that the receipt of payments due on the underlying pool is timely. Protection against losses from the default by an obligor can enhance the likelihood of payments of the obligations on at least some of the assets in the pool. Protection against losses from default may be provided through guarantees, insurance policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties. Alternatively, this protection may be provided through various means of structuring the transaction, or through a combination of these approaches.
Examples of credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include "senior subordinated securities" (securities with one or more classes that are subordinate to the other classes with respect to the payment of principal and interest, with the result that defaults on the underlying assets should be borne first by the holders of the subordinated class), creation of "reserve funds" (where cash or investments, sometimes funded from a portion of the payments on the underlying assets, are held in reserve against future losses), and "over-collateralization" (where the scheduled payments on, or the principal amount of, the underlying assets exceeds that required to make payments on the securities and pay any servicing or other fees).
The degree of credit support provided is generally based on historical information about the level of credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Historical information may not adequately reflect present or future credit risk. Delinquencies or losses in excess of those anticipated could occur and could adversely affect the return on an investment in the securities. There is no guarantee that the type of credit support selected will be effective at reducing the illiquidity or losses to investors in the event of certain defaults. Where credit support is provided by a third party, the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of that third party in addition to the credit risk of the issuer or sponsor of the asset-backed security and the underlying obligors.
Asset-backed securities also have risk due to a characteristic known as early amortization, or early payout, risk. Built into the structure of certain asset-backed securities are triggers for early payout, designed to protect investors from losses. These triggers are unique to each transaction and can include, among other things: a significant rise in defaults on the underlying loans, a sharp drop in the credit enhancement level, or the bankruptcy of the issuer or sponsor. Once early amortization begins, all incoming loan payments are used to pay investors as quickly as possible. Prepayment risk also arises when the underlying obligations may be satisfied or "prepaid" before due. Certain asset-backed securities backed by automobile receivables may be affected by such early prepayment of principal on the underlying vehicle sales contract. When amortization or prepayment occurs, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds at a rate of interest that is lower than the rate on the existing asset-backed security. In addition, the Fund may suffer a loss if it paid a premium for the asset-backed security as cash flows from the early amortization reduce the value of the premium paid.
Alternatively, if prepayments occur at a slower rate than the investment manager expected, or if payment on the underlying assets is delayed or defaulted upon, the Fund will experience extension risk.
The income received by the Fund on an asset-backed security generally fluctuates more than the income on fixed income debt securities. This is because asset-backed securities are usually structured as pass-through or pay-through securities (similar to mortgage securities and collateralized mortgage obligations). Cash flow generated by payments on the underlying obligations in these structures is shared with the investor as it is received. The rate of payment on asset-backed securities generally depends on the rate of principal and interest payments received on the underlying assets. Payments on underlying assets will be affected by various economic and other factors that shape the market for those underlying assets. Therefore, the income on asset-backed securities will be difficult to predict, and actual yield to maturity will be more or less than the anticipated yield to maturity.
Asset-backed securities have certain risks that stem from the characteristics of the underlying assets. For example, asset-backed securities do not have the benefit of the same type of security interests in the underlying collateral that mortgage securities have, and there may be a limited ability to enforce any security interests that exist. Credit enhancements provided to support asset-backed securities, if any, may be inadequate to protect investors in the event of default. For example, credit card receivables are generally unsecured and a number of state and federal consumer credit laws give debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the outstanding balance, which can negatively affect the yield and/or value of related asset-backed securities. Issuers of asset-backed securities for which automobile receivables are the underlying assets may be prevented from realizing the full amount due on an automobile sales contract because of state law requirements and restrictions relating to sales of vehicles following their repossession and the obtaining of deficiency judgments following such sales or because of depreciation, damage or loss of a vehicle, the application of bankruptcy and insolvency laws, or other factors. The absence of, or difficulty enforcing, such security interests in the underlying assets will result in additional expenses, delays and losses to the Fund. The Fund's exposure to the credit risk of the credit support provider will also be greater if recourse is limited to the credit support provider in the event of widespread defaults on the underlying obligations.
Bank obligations Bank obligations include fixed, floating or variable rate certificates of deposit (CDs), letters of credit, time and savings deposits, bank notes and bankers' acceptances. CDs are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits that are held in a banking institution for a specified period of time at a stated interest rate. Savings deposits are deposits that do not have a specified maturity and may be withdrawn by the depositor at any time. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise. When a bank "accepts" a bankers' acceptance, the bank, in effect, unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument upon maturity. The full amount of the Fund's investment in time and savings deposits or CDs may not be guaranteed against losses resulting from the default of the commercial or savings bank or other institution insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Bank obligations are exempt from registration with the SEC if issued by U.S. banks or foreign branches of U.S. banks. As a result, the Fund will not receive the same investor protections when investing in bank obligations as opposed to registered securities. Bank notes and other unsecured bank obligations are not guaranteed by the FDIC, so the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of the bank or institution. In the event of liquidation, bank notes and unsecured bank obligations generally rank behind time deposits, savings deposits and CDs, resulting in a greater potential for losses to the Fund.
Biotechnology companies The biotechnology industry is subject to extensive government regulation. The industry will be affected by government regulatory requirements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical products, patent considerations, product liability, and similar matters. For example, in the past several years, the U.S. Congress has considered legislation concerning healthcare reform and changes to the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations (FDA) approval process. If such legislation is passed it may affect the biotechnology industry. As these factors impact the biotechnology industry, the value of the Fund may fluctuate significantly over relatively short periods of time.
Because the biotechnology industry is relatively new, investors may be quick to react to developments that affect the industry. In the past, biotechnology securities have exhibited considerable volatility in reaction to research and other developments. In comparison to more developed industries, there may be a thin trading market in biotechnology securities, and adverse developments in the biotechnology industry may be more likely to result in decreases in the value of biotechnology stocks.
Biotechnology companies are often small, start-up ventures whose products are only in the research stage. Only a limited number of biotechnology companies have reached the point of approval of products by the FDA and subsequent commercial production and distribution of such products. Therefore, the success of investments in the biotechnology industry is often based upon speculation and expectations about future products, research progress, and new product filings with regulatory authorities. Such investments are speculative and may drop sharply in value in response to regulatory or research setbacks.
Borrowing The 1940 Act and the SEC's current rules, exemptions and interpretations thereunder, permit the Fund to borrow up to one-third of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed, but less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) from banks. The Fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage of at least 300% with respect to such borrowings and to reduce the amount of its borrowings (within three days) to restore such coverage if it should decline to less than 300% due to market fluctuations or otherwise. In the event that the Fund is required to reduce its borrowings, it may have to sell portfolio holdings, even if such sale of the Fund's holdings would be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint.
If the Fund makes additional investments while borrowings are outstanding, this may be considered a form of leverage. Leveraging by means of borrowing may exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of portfolio securities on the Fund's net asset value, and money borrowed will be subject to interest and other costs (which may include commitment fees and/or the cost of maintaining minimum average balances), which may or may not exceed the income or gains received from the securities purchased with borrowed funds.
In addition to borrowings that are subject to 300% asset coverage, the Fund is also permitted under the 1940 Act to borrow for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of its total assets at the time when the loan is made. A loan will be presumed to be for temporary purposes if it is repaid within 60 days and is not extended or renewed.
Segregation of assets. As a general matter, the Fund will not issue any class of senior securities. Consistent with SEC staff guidance, financial instruments that involve obligations to make future payments to third parties will not be viewed as creating any senior security provided that the Fund covers its obligations as described below. Those financial instruments can include, among others, (i) securities purchased on a when-issued, delayed delivery, and to be announced basis, (ii) futures contracts, (iii) forward currency contracts, (iv) swaps, (v) written options, (vi) unfunded commitments, (vii) securities sold short, and (viii) reverse repurchase agreements.
Consistent with SEC staff guidance, the Fund will consider its obligations involving such a financial instrument as covered when the Fund (1) maintains an offsetting financial position, or (2) segregates liquid assets (constituting cash, cash equivalents or other liquid portfolio securities) equal to the Funds exposures relating to the financial instrument, as determined on a daily basis. Dedicated Fund compliance policies and procedures, which the board of trustees has approved, govern the kinds of transactions that can be deemed to be offsetting transactions for purposes of (1) above, and the amounts of assets that need to be segregated for purposes of (2) above (Asset Segregation Policies).
Convertible securities A convertible security is generally a debt obligation, preferred stock or other security that may be converted within a specified period of time into a certain amount of common stock of the same or of a different issuer. The conversion may occur at the option of the investor in or issuer of the security, or upon a predetermined event. A convertible security typically provides a fixed-income stream and the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation resulting from a market price advance in its underlying common stock. As with a straight fixed-income security, a convertible security tends to increase in market value when interest rates decline and decrease in value when interest rates rise. Like a common stock, the value of a convertible security also tends to increase as the market value of the underlying stock rises, and it tends to decrease as the market value of the underlying stock declines. Because both interest rate and market movements can influence its value, a convertible security is usually not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar fixed-income security, nor is it as sensitive to changes in share price as its underlying stock. Convertible securities are also subject to risks that affect debt securities in general.
Although less than an investment in the underlying stock, the potential for gain on an investment in a convertible security is greater than for similar non-convertible securities. As a result, a lower yield is generally offered on convertible securities than on otherwise equivalent non-convertible securities. There is no guarantee that the Fund will realize gains on a convertible security in excess of the foregone yield it accepts to invest in such convertible security.
A convertible security is usually issued either by an operating company or by an investment bank. When issued by an operating company, a convertible security tends to be senior to the company's common stock, but may be subordinate to other types of fixed-income securities issued by that company. When a convertible security issued by an operating company is "converted," the operating company often issues new stock to the holder of the convertible security. However, if the convertible security is redeemable and the parity price of the convertible security is less than the call price, the operating company may pay out cash instead of common stock.
If the convertible security is issued by an investment bank or other sponsor, the security is an obligation of and is convertible through, the issuing investment bank. However, the common stock received upon conversion is of a company other than the investment bank or sponsor. The issuer of a convertible security may be important in determining the security's true value. This is because the holder of a convertible security will have recourse only to the issuer.
Convertible preferred stock. A convertible preferred stock is usually treated like a preferred stock for the Fund's financial reporting, credit rating and investment policies and limitations purposes. A preferred stock is subordinated to all debt obligations in the event of insolvency, and an issuer's failure to make a dividend payment is generally not an event of default entitling the preferred shareholder to take action. A preferred stock generally has no maturity date, so that its market value is dependent on the issuer's business prospects for an indefinite period of time. Distributions from preferred stock are dividends, rather than interest payments, and are usually treated as such for corporate tax purposes. Investments in convertible preferred stock, as compared to the debt obligations of an issuer, generally increase the Fund's exposure to the credit risk of the issuer and market risk generally, because convertible preferred stock will fare more poorly if the issuer defaults or markets suffer.
Enhanced convertible securities. In addition to "plain vanilla" convertible securities, a number of different structures have been created to fit the characteristics of specific investors and issuers. Examples of these features include yield enhancement, increased equity exposure or enhanced downside protection. From an issuer's perspective, enhanced structures are designed to meet balance sheet criteria, maximize interest/dividend payment deductibility and reduce equity dilution. Examples of enhanced convertible securities include mandatory convertible securities, convertible trust preferred securities, exchangeable securities, and zero coupon and deep discount convertible bonds.
Risks. An investment in a convertible security may involve risks. The Fund may have difficulty disposing of such securities because there may be a thin trading market for a particular security at any given time. Reduced liquidity may have an adverse impact on market price and the Fund's ability to dispose of a security when necessary to meet the Fund's liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event, such as the deterioration in the creditworthiness of an issuer. Reduced liquidity in the secondary market for certain securities may also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain market quotations based on actual trades for purposes of valuing the Fund's portfolio. Although the Fund intends to acquire convertible securities that the investment manager considers to be liquid (i.e., those securities that the investment manager determines may be sold on an exchange, or an institutional or other substantial market), there can be no assurances that this will be achieved. Certain securities and markets can become illiquid quickly, resulting in liquidity risk for the Fund. The Fund will also encounter difficulty valuing convertible securities due to illiquidity or other circumstances that make it difficult for the Fund to obtain timely market quotations based on actual trades for convertible securities. Convertible securities may have low credit ratings, which generally correspond with higher credit risk to an investor like the Fund.
Synthetic convertible securities. A synthetic convertible is created by combining distinct securities that together possess the two principal characteristics of a true convertible security, i.e., fixed income payments in the form of interest or dividends and the right to acquire the underlying equity security. This combination is achieved by investing in nonconvertible debt securities and in warrants or stock or stock index call options which grant the holder the right to purchase a specified quantity of securities within a specified period of time at a specified price (or to receive cash, in the case of stock index options). Synthetic convertibles are typically offered by financial institutions and investment banks in private placement transactions. Upon conversion, the Fund generally receives an amount in cash equal to the difference between the conversion price and the then-current value of the underlying security.
In addition to the general risks of convertible securities and the special risks of enhanced convertible securities, there are risks unique to synthetic convertible securities. Synthetic convertible securities differ from true convertible securities in several respects. The value of a synthetic convertible security is the sum of the values of its debt security component and its convertibility component. Thus, the values of a synthetic convertible and a true convertible security will respond differently to market fluctuations. Although the investment manager expects normally to create synthetic convertible securities whose two components provide exposure to the same issuer, the character of a synthetic convertible allows the Fund to combine components representing distinct issuers, or to combine a debt security with a call option on a stock index. In addition, the component parts of a synthetic convertible security may be purchased simultaneously or separately; and the holder of a synthetic convertible faces the risk that the price of the stock, or the level of the market index underlying the convertibility component will decline. Exposure to more than one issuer or participant will increase the number of parties upon which the investment depends and the complexity of that investment and, as a result, increase the Fund's credit risk and valuation risk.
Debt securities - general description In general, a debt security represents a loan of money to the issuer by the purchaser of the security. A debt security typically has a fixed payment schedule that obligates the issuer to pay interest to the lender and to return the lender's money over a certain time period. A company typically meets its payment obligations associated with its outstanding debt securities before it declares and pays any dividend to holders of its equity securities. Bonds, notes and commercial paper are examples of debt securities and differ in the length of the issuer's principal repayment schedule, with bonds carrying the longest repayment schedule and commercial paper the shortest:
Bonds. A bond is a debt security in which investors loan money to an entity that borrows for a defined period of time, usually a period of more than five years, at a specified interest rate.
Commercial paper. Commercial paper is an unsecured, short-term loan to a corporation, typically for financing accounts receivable and inventory with maturities of up to 270 days.
Debentures. A debenture is an unsecured debt security backed only by the creditworthiness of the borrower, not by collateral.
Bills. A bill is a short-term debt instrument, usually with a maturity of two years or less.
Notes. A note is a debt security usually with a maturity of up to ten years.
For purposes of the discussion in this SAI of the risks of investing in debt securities generally, loans or other short-term instruments, which otherwise may not technically be considered securities, are included.
Debt securities are all generally subject to interest rate, credit, income and prepayment risks and, like all investments, are subject to liquidity and market risks to varying degrees depending upon the specific terms and type of security. The Fund's investment manager attempts to reduce credit and market risk through diversification of the portfolio and ongoing credit analysis of each issuer, as well as by monitoring economic developments, but there can be no assurance that it will be successful at doing so.
Defaulted debt securities If the issuer of a debt security in the Fund's portfolio defaults, the Fund may have unrealized losses on the security, which may lower the Fund's net asset value. Defaulted securities tend to lose much of their value before they default. Thus, the Fund's net asset value may be adversely affected before an issuer defaults. The Fund will incur additional expenses if it tries to recover principal or interest payments on a defaulted security. Defaulted debt securities often are illiquid. An investment in defaulted debt securities will be considered speculative and expose the Fund to similar risks as an investment in high-yield debt.
The Fund may be required under the Internal Revenue Code and U.S. Treasury Regulations to accrue income for income tax purposes on defaulted debt securities and to distribute such income to the Fund's shareholders even though the Fund is not currently receiving interest payments on such obligations. To generate cash for distributions, the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities that it otherwise would have continued to hold or use cash flows from other sources, such as the sale of Fund shares.
Depositary receipts Many securities of foreign issuers are represented by American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), and European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) (collectively, depositary receipts). Generally, depositary receipts in registered form are designed for use in the U.S. securities market and depositary receipts in bearer form are designed for use in securities markets outside the U.S.
ADRs evidence ownership of, and represent the right to receive, securities of foreign issuers deposited in a domestic bank or trust company or a foreign correspondent bank. Prices of ADRs are quoted in U.S. dollars, and ADRs are traded in the U.S. on exchanges or over-the-counter. While ADRs do not eliminate all the risks associated with foreign investments, by investing in ADRs rather than directly in the stock of foreign issuers, the Fund will avoid currency and certain foreign market trading risks during the settlement period for either purchases or sales. In general, there is a large, liquid market in the U.S. for ADRs quoted on a national securities exchange or on NASDAQ. The information available for ADRs is subject to the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards of the U.S. market or exchange on which they are traded, which standards are generally more uniform and more exacting than those to which many foreign issuers may be subject.
EDRs and GDRs are typically issued by foreign banks or trust companies and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by either a foreign or a U.S. corporation. EDRs and GDRs may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution in the issuer's home country. If the issuer's home country does not have developed financial markets, the Fund could be exposed to the credit risk of the custodian or financial institution and greater market risk. The depository bank may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends and interest and corporate actions. The Fund would be expected to pay a share of the additional fees, which it would not pay if investing directly in the foreign securities. The Fund may experience delays in receiving its dividend and interest payments or exercising rights as a shareholder.
Depositary receipts may reduce some but not eliminate all the risks inherent in investing in the securities of foreign issuers. Depositary receipts are still subject to the political and economic risks of the underlying issuer's country and are still subject to foreign currency exchange risk. Depositary receipts will be issued under sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities traded in the form of depositary receipts. In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial information about an issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program. There may be an increased possibility of untimely responses to certain corporate actions of the issuer, such as stock splits and rights offerings, in an unsponsored program. Accordingly, there may be less information available regarding issuers of securities underlying unsponsored programs and there may not be a correlation between this information and the market value of the depositary receipts. If the Fund's investment depends on obligations being met by the arranger as well as the issuer of an unsponsored program, the Fund will be exposed to additional credit risk.
Equity securities Equity securities generally take the form of common stock or preferred stock, as well as securities convertible into common stocks. Preferred stockholders typically receive greater dividends but may receive less appreciation than common stockholders and may have different voting rights as well. Convertible securities typically are debt securities or preferred stocks that are convertible into common stock after certain time periods or under certain circumstances. Equity securities may also include warrants or rights or equity interests in trusts, partnerships, joint ventures or similar enterprises. Warrants or rights give the holder the right to buy a common stock at a given time for a specified price.
Financial services companies The Fund may have investments in the financial services sector, which includes such issuers as commercial banks, thrift institutions, insurance companies and finance companies. As a result, general market and economic conditions as well as other risks specific to the financial services industry may impact the Funds investments and its performance. For example, changes in interest rates and the existence of extensive government regulation can have a negative effect on the profitability of financial services companies. In addition, the financial services industry is undergoing rapid change as existing distinctions between banking, insurance and brokerage businesses become blurred, companies continue to consolidate, new products and structures develop and its regulatory framework changes. These changes are likely to have a significant impact on companies in the financial services industry and the Funds investments in such companies, but it is not possible to predict whether the effect will be beneficial or adverse.
Foreign securities There are substantial risks associated with investing in the securities of governments and companies located in, or having substantial operations in, foreign countries, which are in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic investments. The value of foreign securities (like U.S. securities) is affected by general economic conditions and individual issuer and industry earnings prospects. Investments in depositary receipts also involve some or all of the risks described below.
There is the possibility of cessation of trading on foreign exchanges, expropriation, nationalization of assets, confiscatory or punitive taxation, withholding and other foreign taxes on income or other amounts, foreign exchange controls (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a given country), restrictions on removal of assets, political or social instability, military action or unrest, or diplomatic developments that could affect investments in securities of issuers in foreign nations. There is no assurance that the investment manager will be able to anticipate these potential events. In addition, the value of securities denominated in foreign currencies and of dividends and interest paid with respect to such securities will fluctuate based on the relative strength of the U.S. dollar.
There may be less publicly available information about foreign issuers comparable to the reports and ratings published about issuers in the U.S. Foreign issuers generally are not subject to uniform accounting or financial reporting standards. Auditing practices and requirements may not be comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers. Certain countries' legal institutions, financial markets and services are less developed than those in the U.S. or other major economies. The Fund may have greater difficulty voting proxies, exercising shareholder rights, securing dividends and obtaining information regarding corporate actions on a timely basis, pursuing legal remedies, and obtaining judgments with respect to foreign investments in foreign courts than with respect to domestic issuers in U.S. courts. The costs associated with foreign investments, including withholding taxes, brokerage commissions, and custodial costs, are generally higher than with U.S. investments.
Certain countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, or limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular company. Some countries limit the investment of foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous terms than securities of the issuer available for purchase by nationals. Although securities subject to such restrictions may be marketable abroad, they may be less liquid than foreign securities of the same class that are not subject to such restrictions. In some countries the repatriation of investment income, capital and proceeds of sales by foreign investors may require governmental registration and/or approval. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in or a refusal to grant any required governmental registration or approval for repatriation.
From time to time, trading in a foreign market may be interrupted. Foreign markets also have substantially less volume than the U.S. markets and securities of some foreign issuers are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. issuers. The Fund, therefore, may encounter difficulty in obtaining market quotations for purposes of valuing its portfolio and calculating its net asset value.
In many foreign countries there is less government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the U.S., which may result in greater potential for fraud or market manipulation. Foreign over-the-counter markets tend to be less regulated than foreign stock exchange markets and, in certain countries, may be totally unregulated. Brokerage commission rates in foreign countries, which generally are fixed rather than subject to negotiation as in the U.S., are likely to be higher. Foreign security trading, settlement and custodial practices (including those involving securities settlement where assets may be released prior to receipt of payment) are often less developed than those in U.S. markets, may be cumbersome and may result in increased risk or substantial delays. This could occur in the event of a failed trade or the insolvency of, or breach of duty by, a foreign broker-dealer, securities depository, or foreign subcustodian.
To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a specific geographic region or country, the Fund will have more exposure to economic risks related to such region or country than a fund whose investments are more geographically diversified. Adverse conditions in a certain region can affect securities of other countries whose economies appear to be unrelated. In the event of economic or political turmoil or a deterioration of diplomatic relations in a region or country where a substantial portion of the Fund's assets are invested, the Fund may have difficulty meeting a large number of shareholder redemption requests.
Developing markets or emerging markets. Investments in companies domiciled or with significant operations in developing market or emerging market countries may be subject to potentially higher risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include, among others (i) less social, political and economic stability; (ii) smaller securities markets with low or nonexistent trading volume, which result in greater illiquidity and greater price volatility; (iii) certain national policies which may restrict the Fund's investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (iv) foreign taxation, including less transparent and established taxation policies; (v) less developed regulatory or legal structures governing private or foreign investment or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property; (vi) the absence, until recently in many developing market countries, of a capital market structure or market-oriented economy; (vii) more widespread corruption and fraud; (viii) the financial institutions with which the Fund may trade may not possess the same degree of financial sophistication, creditworthiness or resources as those in developed markets; and (ix) the possibility that recent favorable economic developments in some developing market countries may be slowed or reversed by unanticipated economic, political or social events in such countries.
In addition, many developing market countries have experienced substantial, and during some periods, extremely high rates of inflation, for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain countries. Moreover, the economies of some developing market countries may differ unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, debt burden, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. The economies of some developing market countries may be based on only a few industries, and may be highly vulnerable to changes in local or global trade conditions.
Settlement systems in developing market countries may be less organized than in developed countries. Supervisory authorities may also be unable to apply standards which are comparable with those in more developed countries. There may be risks that settlement may be delayed and that cash or securities belonging to the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures of or defects in the settlement systems. Market practice may require that payment be made prior to receipt of the security which is being purchased or that delivery of a security must be made before payment is received. In such cases, default by a broker or bank (the "counterparty") through whom the relevant transaction is effected might result in a loss being suffered by the Fund. The Fund seeks, where possible, to use counterparties whose financial status reduces this risk. However, there can be no certainty that the Fund will be successful in eliminating or reducing this risk, particularly as counterparties operating in developing market countries frequently lack the substance, capitalization and/or financial resources of those in developed countries. Uncertainties in the operation of settlement systems in individual markets may increase the risk of competing claims to securities held by or to be transferred to the Fund. Legal compensation schemes may be non-existent, limited or inadequate to meet the Fund's claims in any of these events.
Securities trading in developing markets presents additional credit and financial risks. The Fund may have limited access to, or there may be a limited number of, potential counterparties that trade in the securities of developing market issuers. Governmental regulations may restrict potential counterparties to certain financial institutions located or operating in the particular developing market. Potential counterparties may not possess, adopt or implement creditworthiness standards, financial reporting standards or legal and contractual protections similar to those in developed markets. Currency and other hedging techniques may not be available or may be limited.
The local taxation of income and capital gains accruing to non-residents varies among developing market countries and may be comparatively high. Developing market countries typically have less well-defined tax laws and procedures and such laws may permit retroactive taxation so that the Fund could in the future become subject to local tax liabilities that had not been anticipated in conducting its investment activities or valuing its assets.
Many developing market countries suffer from uncertainty and corruption in their legal frameworks. Legislation may be difficult to interpret and laws may be too new to provide any precedential value. Laws regarding foreign investment and private property may be weak or non-existent. Investments in developing market countries may involve risks of nationalization, expropriation and confiscatory taxation. For example, the Communist governments of a number of Eastern European countries expropriated large amounts of private property in the past, in many cases without adequate compensation, and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future. In the event of expropriation, the Fund could lose all or a substantial portion of any investments it has made in the affected countries. Accounting, auditing and reporting standards in certain countries in which the Fund may invest may not provide the same degree of investor protection or information to investors as would generally apply in major securities markets. In addition, it is possible that purported securities in which the Fund invested may subsequently be found to be fraudulent and as a consequence the Fund could suffer losses.
Finally, currencies of developing market countries are subject to significantly greater risks than currencies of developed countries. Some developing market currencies may not be internationally traded or may be subject to strict controls by local governments, resulting in undervalued or overvalued currencies and associated difficulties with the valuation of assets, including the Fund's securities, denominated in that currency. Some developing market countries have experienced balance of payment deficits and shortages in foreign exchange reserves. Governments have responded by restricting currency conversions. Future restrictive exchange controls could prevent or restrict a company's ability to make dividend or interest payments in the original currency of the obligation (usually U.S. dollars). In addition, even though the currencies of some developing market countries, such as certain Eastern European countries, may be convertible into U.S. dollars, the conversion rates may be artificial to the actual market values and may be adverse to the Fund's shareholders.
Foreign corporate debt securities. Foreign corporate debt securities, including Samurai bonds, Yankee bonds, Eurobonds and Global Bonds, may be purchased to gain exposure to investment opportunities in other countries in a certain currency. A Samurai bond is a yen-denominated bond issued in Japan by a non-Japanese company. Eurobonds are foreign bonds issued and traded in countries other than the country and currency in which the bond was denominated. Eurobonds generally trade on a number of exchanges and are issued in bearer form, carry a fixed or floating rate of interest, and typically amortize principal through a single payment for the entire principal at maturity with semiannual interest payments. Yankee bonds are bonds denominated in U.S. dollars issued by foreign banks and corporations, and registered with the SEC for sale in the U.S. A Global Bond is a certificate representing the total debt of an issue. Such bonds are created to control the primary market distribution of an issue in compliance with selling restrictions in certain jurisdictions or because definitive bond certificates are not available. A Global Bond is also known as a Global Certificate.
Foreign currency exchange rates. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates will affect the U.S. dollar market value of securities denominated in such foreign currencies and any income received or expenses paid by the Fund in that foreign currency. This may affect the Fund's share price, income and distributions to shareholders. Some countries may have fixed or managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar. It will be more difficult for the investment manager to value securities denominated in currencies that are fixed or managed. Certain currencies may not be internationally traded, which could cause illiquidity with respect to the Fund's investments in that currency and any securities denominated in that currency. Currency markets generally are not as regulated as securities markets. The Fund endeavors to buy and sell foreign currencies on as favorable a basis as practicable. Some price spread in currency exchanges (to cover service charges) may be incurred, particularly when the Fund changes investments from one country to another or when proceeds of the sale of securities in U.S. dollars are used for the purchase of securities in foreign countries. Some countries may adopt policies that would prevent the Fund from transferring cash out of the country or withhold portions of interest and dividends at the source.
Certain currencies have experienced a steady devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar. Any devaluations in the currencies in which the Fund's portfolio securities are denominated may have a detrimental impact on the Fund. Where the exchange rate for a currency declines materially after the Fund's income has been accrued and translated into U.S. dollars, the Fund may need to redeem portfolio securities to make required distributions. Similarly, if an exchange rate declines between the time the Fund incurs expenses in U.S. dollars and the time such expenses are paid, the Fund will have to convert a greater amount of the currency into U.S. dollars in order to pay the expenses.
Investing in foreign currencies for purposes of gaining from projected changes in exchange rates further increases the Fund's exposure to foreign securities losses.
Health technology companies The value of health technology companies may be affected by a variety of government actions. For example, the activities of some health technology companies may be funded or subsidized by federal and state governments. If government subsidies are discontinued, the profitability of these companies could be adversely affected. Stocks of these companies will be affected by government policies on health technology reimbursements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical instruments, and similar matters. Health technology companies are also subject to legislative risk, which is the risk of a reform of the health technology system through legislation. Health technology companies may face lawsuits related to product liability issues. Also, many products and services provided by health technology companies are subject to rapid obsolescence. The value of an investment in the Fund may fluctuate significantly over relatively short periods of time.
Illiquid securities Generally, an "illiquid security" is any security that cannot be disposed of within seven days at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the instrument. Illiquid securities generally include securities for which no market exists or which are legally restricted as to their transfer (such as those issued pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the federal securities laws). Restricted securities are generally sold in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to an exemption from registration under the 1933 Act, or in a registered public offering. If registration is required, the Fund, as the holder of an unregistered security, may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expense and a considerable period may elapse between the time it decides to seek registration and the time it will be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to seek registration of the security. To the extent the investment manager determines there is a liquid institutional or other market for restricted securities, the Fund considers them to be liquid securities. An example is a restricted security that may be freely transferred among qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, and for which a liquid institutional market has developed. Rule 144A securities may be subject, however, to a greater possibility of becoming illiquid than securities that have been registered with the SEC.
The Fund's board of trustees will review on a periodic basis any determination by the investment manager to treat a restricted security as liquid. In determining whether a restricted security is properly considered a liquid security, the investment manager takes into account the following factors: (i) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (ii) the number of dealers willing to buy or sell the security and the number of other potential buyers; (iii) any dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (iv) the nature of the security and of the marketplace trades (e.g., any demand, put or tender features, the method of soliciting offers, the mechanics and other requirements for transfer, and the ability to assign or offset the rights and obligations of the security). The nature of the security and its trading includes the time needed to sell the security, the method of soliciting offers to purchase or sell the security, and the mechanics of transferring the security including the role of parties such as foreign or U.S. custodians, subcustodians, currency exchange brokers, and depositories.
The sale of illiquid securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets. Illiquid securities often sell at a price lower than similar securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale.
The risk to the Fund in holding illiquid securities is that they may be more difficult to sell if the Fund wants to dispose of the security in response to adverse developments or in order to raise money for redemptions or other investment opportunities. Illiquid trading conditions may also make it more difficult for the Fund to realize a security's fair value.
The Fund may also be unable to achieve its desired level of exposure to a certain security, issuer, or sector due to overall limitations on its ability to invest in illiquid securities and the difficulty in purchasing such securities.
Investment company securities The Fund may invest in other investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, SEC rules thereunder and exemptions thereto. With respect to unaffiliated funds in which the Fund may invest, Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act requires that, as determined immediately after a purchase is made, (i) not more than 5% of the value of a Funds total assets will be invested in the securities of any one investment company, (ii) not more than 10% of the value of the Funds total assets will be invested in securities of investment companies as a group, and (iii) not more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company will be owned by the Fund. The Fund will limit its investments in unaffiliated funds in accordance with the Section 12(d)(1)(A) limitations set forth above, except to the extent that any rules, regulations or no-action or exemptive relief under the 1940 Act permits the Funds investments to exceed such limits in unaffiliated underlying funds. To the extent that the Fund invests in another investment company, because other investment companies pay advisory, administrative and service fees that are borne indirectly by investors, such as the Fund, there may be duplication of investment management and other fees. The Fund may also invest its cash balances in affiliated money market funds to the extent permitted by its investment policies and rules and exemptions granted under the 1940 Act.
Exchange-traded funds. The Fund may invest in exchange-traded funds (ETFs). ETFs are regulated as registered investment companies under the 1940 Act. Many ETFs acquire and hold securities of all of the companies or other issuers, or a representative sampling of companies or other issuers, that are components of a particular index. Such ETFs are intended to provide investment results that, before expenses, generally correspond to the price and yield performance of the corresponding market index, and the value of their shares should, under normal circumstances, closely track the value of the index's underlying component securities. Because an ETF has operating expenses and transaction costs, while a market index does not, ETFs that track particular indices typically will be unable to match the performance of the index exactly. ETF shares may be purchased and sold in the secondary trading market on a securities exchange, in lots of any size, at any time during the trading day. More recently, actively managed ETFs have been created that are managed similarly to other investment companies.
The shares of an ETF may be assembled in a block (typically 50,000 shares) known as a creation unit and redeemed in kind for a portfolio of the underlying securities (based on the ETF's net asset value) together with a cash payment generally equal to accumulated dividends as of the date of redemption. Conversely, a creation unit may be purchased from the ETF by depositing a specified portfolio of the ETF's underlying securities, as well as a cash payment generally equal to accumulated dividends of the securities (net of expenses) up to the time of deposit.
ETF shares, as opposed to creation units, are generally purchased and sold by smaller investors in a secondary market on a securities exchange. ETF shares can be traded in lots of any size, at any time during the trading day. Although the Fund, like most other investors in ETFs, intends to purchase and sell ETF shares primarily in the secondary trading market, the Fund may redeem creation units for the underlying securities (and any applicable cash), and may assemble a portfolio of the underlying securities and use it (and any required cash) to purchase creation units, if the investment manager believes it is in the Fund's best interest to do so.
An investment in an ETF is subject to all of the risks of investing in the securities held by the ETF and have the same risks as investing in a closed-end fund. In addition, because of the ability of large market participants to arbitrage price differences by purchasing or redeeming creation units, the difference between the market value and the net asset value of ETF shares should in most cases be small. An ETF may be terminated and need to liquidate its portfolio securities at a time when the prices for those securities are falling.
Investment grade debt securities Debt securities that are rated Baa or higher by Moody's, BBB or higher by S&P, or unrated securities deemed by the Fund's investment manager to be of comparable quality, are considered to be "investment grade." Generally, a higher rating indicates the rating agency's opinion that there is less risk of default of obligations thereunder including timely repayment of principal and payment of interest. Debt securities in the lowest investment grade category may have speculative characteristics and more closely resemble high-yield debt securities than investment-grade debt securities. Lower-rated securities may be subject to all the risks applicable to high-yield debt securities and changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to make principal and interest payments than is the case with higher grade debt securities.
A number of risks associated with rating organizations apply to the purchase or sale of investment grade debt securities.
Private investments Consistent with its investment goals and policies, an underlying fund may from time to time make private investments in companies whose securities are not publicly traded, including late stage private placements. These investments typically will take the form of letter stock or convertible preferred stock. Because these securities are not publicly traded, there is no secondary market for the securities. An underlying fund will generally treat these securities as illiquid.
Late stage private placements are sales of securities made in non-public, unregistered transactions shortly before a company expects to go public. The Fund may make such investments in order to participate in companies whose initial public offerings are expected to be hot issues. There is no public market for shares sold in these private placements and it is possible that initial public offerings will never be completed. Moreover, even after an initial public offering, there may be a limited trading market for the securities or the Fund may be subject to contractual limitations on its ability to sell the shares.
Real estate securities Investments in real estate securities are subject to the risks associated with the real estate industry. Economic, regulatory and social factors that affect the value of real estate will affect the value of real estate securities. These factors include overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, variations in rental income, changes in neighborhood values, the appeal of properties to tenants, and increases in interest rates. Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are subject to risks related to the skill of their management, changes in value of the properties the REITs own, the quality of any credit extended by the REITs, and general economic and other factors.
Repurchase agreements Under a repurchase agreement, the Fund agrees to buy securities guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities from a qualified bank or broker-dealer and then to sell the securities back to the bank or broker-dealer on an agreed upon date (generally less than seven days) at a higher price, which reflects currently prevailing short-term interest rates. Entering into repurchase agreements allows the Fund to earn a return on cash in the Fund's portfolio that would otherwise remain un-invested. The bank or broker-dealer must transfer to the Fund's custodian, as collateral, securities with an initial market value of at least 102% of the dollar amount paid by the Fund to the counterparty. The investment manager will monitor the value of such collateral daily to determine that the value of the collateral equals or exceeds the repurchase price.
Repurchase agreements may involve risks in the event of default or insolvency of the bank or broker-dealer, including possible delays or restrictions upon the Fund's ability to sell the underlying securities and additional expenses in seeking to enforce the Fund's rights and recover any losses. The Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with parties who meet certain creditworthiness standards, i.e., banks or broker-dealers that the investment manager has determined, based on the information available at the time, present no serious risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the repurchase agreement. Although the Fund seeks to limit the credit risk under a repurchase agreement by carefully selecting counterparties and accepting only high quality collateral, some credit risk remains. The counterparty could default which may make it necessary for the Fund to incur expenses to liquidate the collateral. In addition, the collateral may decline in value before it can be liquidated by the Fund.
A repurchase agreement with more than seven days to maturity is considered an illiquid security and is subject to the Fund's investment restriction on illiquid securities.
Reverse repurchase agreements Reverse repurchase agreements are the opposite of repurchase agreements but involve similar mechanics and risks. The Fund sells securities to a bank or dealer and agrees to repurchase them at a mutually agreed price, date and interest payment. Reverse repurchase agreements may be considered a borrowing under the federal securities laws, and therefore the Fund must have at least 300% asset coverage (total assets less liabilities, excluding the reverse repurchase agreement). Cash or liquid high-grade debt securities having an initial market value, including accrued interest, equal to at least 100% of the dollar amount sold by the Fund are segregated, i.e., set aside, as collateral and marked-to-market daily to maintain coverage of at least 100%. These transactions may increase the volatility of the Funds income or net asset value. The Fund carries the risk that any securities purchased with the proceeds of the transaction will depreciate or not generate enough income to cover the Funds obligations under the reverse repurchase transaction. These transactions also increase the interest and operating expenses of the Fund. Although reverse repurchase agreements are borrowings under the 1940 Act, the Fund does not treat these arrangements as borrowings under its investment restrictions, provided they are segregated on the books of the Fund or its custodian.
Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities retained by the Fund may decline below the price of the securities the Fund has sold but is obligated to repurchase under the agreement. A default by the purchaser might cause the Fund to experience a loss or delay in the liquidation costs. The Fund generally enters into reverse repurchase agreements with domestic or foreign banks or securities dealers. The investment manager will evaluate the creditworthiness of these entities prior to engaging in such transactions and it will conduct these activities under the general supervision of the board of trustees.
Securities lending To generate additional income, the Fund may lend certain of its portfolio securities to qualified banks and broker-dealers (referred to as "borrowers"). In exchange, the Fund receives cash collateral from a borrower at least equal to the value of the security loaned by the Fund. Cash collateral typically consists of any combination of cash, securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities, and irrevocable letters of credit. The Fund may invest this cash collateral while the loan is outstanding and generally retains part or all of the interest earned on the cash collateral. Securities lending allows the Fund to retain ownership of the securities loaned and, at the same time, earn additional income.
For each loan, the borrower usually must maintain with the Fund's custodian collateral with an initial market value at least equal to 102% of the market value of the domestic securities loaned (or 105% of the market value of foreign securities loaned), including any accrued interest thereon. Such collateral will be marked-to-market daily, and if the coverage falls below 100%, the borrower will be required to deliver additional collateral equal to at least 102% of the market value of the domestic securities loaned (or 105% of the foreign securities loaned).
The Fund retains all or a portion of the interest received on investment of the cash collateral or receives a fee from the borrower. The Fund also continues to receive any distributions paid on the loaned securities. The Fund seeks to maintain the ability to obtain the right to vote or consent on proxy proposals involving material events affecting securities loaned. The Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned within the normal settlement period for the security involved.
If the borrower defaults on its obligation to return the securities loaned because of insolvency or other reasons, the Fund could experience delays and costs in recovering the securities loaned or in gaining access to the collateral. These delays and costs could be greater for foreign securities. If the Fund is not able to recover the securities loaned, the Fund may sell the collateral and purchase a replacement investment in the market. Additional transaction costs would result, and the value of the collateral could decrease below the value of the replacement investment by the time the replacement investment is purchased. Until the replacement can be purchased, the Fund will not have the desired level of exposure to the security which the borrower failed to return. Cash received as collateral through loan transactions may be invested in other eligible securities, including shares of a money market fund. Investing this cash subjects the Fund to greater market risk including losses on the collateral and, should the Fund need to look to the collateral in the event of the borrower's default, losses on the loan secured by that collateral.
The Fund will loan its securities only to parties who meet creditworthiness standards approved by the Fund's board of trustees (i.e., banks or broker-dealers that the investment manager has determined are not apparently at risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the loan). In addition, pursuant to the 1940 Act and SEC interpretations thereunder, the aggregate market value of securities that may be loaned by a fund is limited to 33 1/3% of the fund's total assets or such lower limit as set by the fund or its board.
Small and mid cap companies Market capitalization is defined as the total market value of a companys outstanding stock share price multiplied by the number of common stock shares outstanding. Small cap companies generally have market capitalization of up to $1.5 billion at the time of the Funds investment. The Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund defines small cap companies as companies with market capitalizations not exceeding (i) $1.5 billion; or (ii) the highest market capitalization in the Russell 2000 Index, whichever is greater, at the time of purchase.
The Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund defines small cap companies as companies within the market capitalization range of companies in the Russell 2500 Index, at the time of purchase, and mid cap companies are companies within the market capitalization range of companies in the Russell Midcap ® Index, at the time of purchase. In most instances, the manager intends to continue to hold an investment for further capital growth opportunities even if, through market appreciation, the companys market capitalization exceeds the small or mid cap measures described above.
Small cap companies are often overlooked by investors or undervalued in relation to their earnings power. Because small cap companies generally are not as well known to the investing public and have less of an investor following than larger companies, they may provide greater opportunities for long-term capital growth as a result of inefficiencies in the marketplace. These companies may be undervalued because they are part of an industry that is out of favor with investors, although the individual companies may have high rates of earnings growth and be financially sound.
Mid cap companies may offer greater potential for capital appreciation than larger companies, because mid cap companies are often growing more rapidly than larger companies, but tend to be more stable and established than small cap or emerging companies.
Initial public offerings (IPOs) of securities issued by unseasoned companies with little or no operating history are risky and their prices are highly volatile, but they can result in very large gains in their initial trading. Attractive IPOs are often oversubscribed and may not be available to the Fund, or only in very limited quantities. Thus, when the Funds size is smaller, any gains from IPOs will have an exaggerated impact on the Funds reported performance than when the Fund is larger. Although IPO investments have had a positive impact on some Funds performance in the past, there can be no assurance that the Fund will have favorable IPO investment opportunities in the future.
Temporary investments When the investment manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the investment manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in temporary defensive investments, including cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments, such as short-term debt instruments, including U.S. government securities, high grade commercial paper, repurchase agreements, negotiable certificates of deposit, non-negotiable fixed time deposits, bankers acceptances, and other money market equivalents. To the extent allowed by exemptions from and rules under the 1940 Act and the Fund's other investment policies and restrictions, the investment manager also may invest the Fund's assets in shares of one or more money market funds managed by the investment manager or its affiliates. Unfavorable market or economic conditions may include excessive volatility or a prolonged general decline in the securities markets, the securities in which the Fund normally invests, or the economies of the countries where the Fund invests. Temporary defensive investments can and do experience default. The likelihood of default on a temporary defensive investment may increase in the market or economic conditions which are likely to trigger the Fund's investment therein. The investment manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. When the Fund's assets are invested in temporary investments, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment goal.
Unrated debt securities Not all debt securities or their issuers are rated by rating agencies, sometimes due to the size of or manner of the securities offering, the decision by one or more rating agencies not to rate certain securities or issuers as a matter of policy, or the unwillingness or inability of the issuer to provide the prerequisite information and fee to the rating agencies. Some debt securities markets may have a disproportionately large number of unrated issuers.
In evaluating unrated securities, the investment manager may consider, among other things, the issuer's financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, its operating history, the quality of the issuer's management and regulatory matters. Although unrated debt securities may be considered to be of investment grade quality, issuers typically pay a higher interest rate on unrated than on investment grade rated debt securities. Less information is typically available to the market on unrated securities and obligors, which may increase the potential for credit and valuation risk.
Unseasoned companies To the extent that the Fund may invest in smaller capitalization companies or other companies, it may have significant investments in relatively new or unseasoned companies that are in their early stages of development, or in new and emerging industries where the opportunity for rapid growth is expected to be above average. Securities of unseasoned companies present greater risks than securities of larger, more established companies.
The following is a description of the general risks associated with the Fund's investing in debt securities:
Credit risk Debt securities are subject to the risk of an issuer's (or other party's) failure or inability to meet its obligations under the security. Multiple parties may have obligations under a debt security. An issuer or borrower may fail to pay principal and interest when due. A guarantor, insurer or credit support provider may fail to provide the agreed upon protection. A counterparty to a transaction may fail to perform its side of the bargain. An intermediary or agent interposed between the investor and other parties may fail to perform the terms of its service. Also, performance under a debt security may be linked to the obligations of other persons who may fail to meet their obligations. The credit risk associated with a debt security could increase to the extent that the Fund's ability to benefit fully from its investment in the security depends on the performance by multiple parties of their respective contractual or other obligations. The market value of a debt security is also affected by the market's perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer.
The Fund may incur substantial losses on debt securities that are inaccurately perceived to present a different amount of credit risk than they actually do by the market, the investment manager or the rating agencies. Credit risk is generally greater where less information is publicly available, where fewer covenants safeguard the investors' interests, where collateral may be impaired or inadequate, where little legal redress or regulatory protection is available, or where a party's ability to meet obligations is speculative.
Obligations under debt securities held by the Fund may never be satisfied or, if satisfied, only satisfied in part.
Some securities, such as those issued by the United States Treasury or that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, have minimal credit risks. Credit risk is a greater concern for high-yield debt securities and debt securities of issuers whose ability to pay interest and principal may be considered speculative. Debt securities are typically classified as investment grade-quality (medium to highest credit quality) or below investment grade-quality (commonly referred to as high-yield or junk bonds). Many individual debt securities are rated by a third party source, such as Moody's or S&P ® to help describe the creditworthiness of the issuer.
Debt securities ratings The investment manager performs its own independent investment analysis of securities being considered for the Fund's portfolio, which includes consideration of, among other things, the issuer's financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, its operating history, the quality of the issuer's management and regulatory matters. The investment manager also considers the ratings assigned by various investment services and independent rating organizations, such as Moody's and S&P, that publish ratings based upon their assessment of the relative creditworthiness of the rated debt securities. Generally, a lower rating indicates higher credit risk. Higher yields are ordinarily available from debt securities in the lower rating categories. These ratings are described at the end of this SAI under "Description of Ratings."
Using credit ratings to evaluate debt securities can involve certain risks. For example, ratings assigned by the rating agencies are based upon an analysis completed at the time of the rating of the obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal, typically relying to a large extent on historical data. Rating agencies typically rely to a large extent on historical data which may not accurately represent present or future circumstances. Ratings do not purport to reflect the risk of fluctuations in market value of the debt security and are not absolute standards of quality and only express the rating agency's current opinion of an obligor's overall financial capacity to pay its financial obligations. A credit rating is not a statement of fact or a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a debt obligation. Also, credit quality can change suddenly and unexpectedly, and credit ratings may not reflect the issuer's current financial condition or events since the security was last rated. Rating agencies may have a financial interest in generating business, including from the arranger or issuer of the security that normally pays for that rating, and providing a low rating might affect the rating agency's prospects for future business. While rating agencies have policies and procedures to address this potential conflict of interest, there is a risk that these policies will fail to prevent a conflict of interest from impacting the rating. Additionally, legislation has recently been enacted in an effort to reform rating agencies. Rules have also recently been adopted by the SEC to require rating agencies to provide additional disclosure and reduce conflicts of interest, and further reform has been proposed. It is uncertain how such legislation or additional regulation might impact the ratings agency business and the investment manager's use of ratings in its investment process.
Extension risk The market value of some debt securities, particularly mortgage securities and certain asset-backed securities, may be adversely affected when bond calls or prepayments on underlying mortgages or other assets are less or slower than anticipated. This risk is extension risk. Extension risk may result from, for example, rising interest rates or unexpected developments in the markets for the underlying assets or mortgages. As a consequence, the security's effective maturity will be extended, resulting in an increase in interest rate sensitivity to that of a longer-term instrument. Extension risk generally increases as interest rates rise. This is because, in a rising interest rate environment, the rate of prepayment and exercise of call or buy-back rights generally falls and the rate of default and delayed payment generally rises. When the maturity of an investment is extended in a rising interest rate environment, a below-market interest rate is usually locked-in and the value of the security reduced. This risk is greater for fixed-rate than variable-rate debt securities.
Income risk The Fund is subject to income risk, which is the risk that the Fund's income will decline during periods of falling interest rates or when the Fund experiences defaults on debt securities it holds. The Fund's income declines when interest rates fall because, as the Fund's higher-yielding debt securities mature or are prepaid, the Fund must re-invest the proceeds in debt securities that have lower, prevailing interest rates. The amount and rate of distributions that the Fund's shareholders receive are affected by the income that the Fund receives from its portfolio holdings. If the income is reduced, distributions by the Fund to shareholders may be less.
Fluctuations in income paid to the Fund are generally greater for variable rate debt securities. The Fund will be deemed to receive taxable income on certain securities which pay no cash payments until maturity, such as zero-coupon securities. The Fund may be required to sell portfolio securities that it would otherwise continue to hold in order to obtain sufficient cash to make the distribution to shareholders required for U.S. tax purposes.
Inflation risk The market price of debt securities generally falls as inflation increases because the purchasing power of the future income and repaid principal is expected to be worth less when received by the Fund. Debt securities that pay a fixed rather than variable interest rate are especially vulnerable to inflation risk because variable-rate debt securities may be able to participate, over the long term, in rising interest rates which have historically corresponded with long-term inflationary trends.
Interest rate risk The market value of debt securities generally varies in response to changes in prevailing interest rates. Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable. During periods of declining interest rates, the market value of debt securities generally increases. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the market value of debt securities generally declines. This occurs because new debt securities are likely to be issued with higher interest rates as interest rates increase, making the old or outstanding debt securities less attractive. In general, the market prices of long-term debt securities or securities that make little (or no) interest payments are more sensitive to interest rate fluctuations than shorter-term debt securities. The longer the Fund's average weighted portfolio maturity, the greater the impact a change in interest rates will have on its share price.
Prepayment risk Debt securities, especially bonds that are subject to "calls," such as asset-backed or mortgage-backed securities, are subject to prepayment risk if their terms allow the payment of principal and other amounts due before their stated maturity. Amounts invested in a debt security that has been "called" or "prepaid" will be returned to an investor holding that security before expected by the investor. In such circumstances, the investor, such as a fund, may be required to re-invest the proceeds it receives from the called or prepaid security in a new security which, in periods of declining interest rates, will typically have a lower interest rate. Prepayment risk is especially prevalent in periods of declining interest rates and will result for other reasons, including unexpected developments in the markets for the underlying assets or mortgages. For example, a decline in mortgage interest rates typically initiates a period of mortgage refinancings. When homeowners refinance their mortgages, the investor in the underlying pool of mortgage-backed securities (such as a fund) receives its principal back sooner than expected, and must reinvest at lower, prevailing rates.
Securities subject to prepayment risk are often called during a declining interest rate environment and generally offer less potential for gains and greater price volatility than other income-bearing securities of comparable maturity.
Call risk is similar to prepayment risk and results from the ability of an issuer to call, or prepay, a debt security early. If interest rates decline enough, the debt security's issuer can save money by repaying its callable debt securities and issuing new debt securities at lower interest rates.
The following is a description of other risks associated with the Fund's investments:
Focus The greater the Fund's exposure to (or focus on) any single type of investment including investment in a given industry, sector, country, region, or type of security the greater the impact the performance of that investment will have on the Fund's performance. To the extent the Fund has greater exposure to any single type of investment, the Fund's potential for loss (or gain) will be greater than if its portfolio were invested more broadly in many types of investments.
The Fund's exposure to such industries, sectors, regions and other investments may also arise indirectly through the Fund's investments in debt securities (e.g. mortgage or asset-backed securities) that are secured by such investments. Similar risks associated with focusing on a particular type of investment may result if real properties and collateral securing the Fund's investments are located in the same geographical region or subject to the same risks or concerns.
Inside information risk The investment manager (through its representatives or otherwise) may receive information that restricts the investment manager's ability to cause the Fund to buy or sell securities of an issuer for substantial periods of time when the Fund otherwise could realize profit or avoid loss. This may adversely affect the Fund's flexibility with respect to buying or selling securities.
Liquidity Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are or become difficult to purchase or sell at the price at which the Fund has valued the security, whether because of current market conditions or the specific type of investment. If the market for a particular security becomes illiquid (for example, due to changes in the issuer's financial condition), the Fund may be unable to sell such security at an advantageous time or price due to the difficulty in selling such securities. Additionally, the market for certain debt securities may become illiquid under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer. Liquidity risk generally increases (meaning that securities become more illiquid) as the number, or relative need, of investors seeking to liquidate in a given market increases.
The Fund may also need to sell some of the Fund's more liquid securities when it otherwise would not do so in order to meet redemption requests, even if such sale of the liquid holdings would be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint. Reduced liquidity may also have an adverse impact on a security's market value and the sale of such securities often results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses. Reduced liquidity in the secondary market for certain securities will also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain market quotations based on actual trades for purposes of valuing the Fund's portfolio and thus pricing may be prone to error when market quotations are volatile, infrequent and/or subject to large spreads between bid and ask prices.
To the extent that the Fund's principal investment strategies involve foreign (non-U.S.) securities or securities with a thin trading market, the Fund will tend to have greater exposure to liquidity risk.
Management The investment manager's judgments about markets, interest rates or the attractiveness, relative values or potential appreciation of particular investment strategies or sectors or securities purchased for the Fund's portfolio may prove to be incorrect, all of which could cause the Fund to perform less favorably and may result in a decline in the Fund's share price.
The investment manager selects investments for the Fund based in part on information and data that the issuers of such securities file with various government agencies or make directly available to the investment manager or that the investment manager obtains from other sources. The investment manager is not in a position to confirm the completeness, genuineness or accuracy of such information and data, and in some cases, complete and accurate information is not readily available. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the investment techniques available to the investment manager in connection with managing the Fund and may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment goal. Management risk is greater when less qualitative information is available to the investment manager about an investment.
Market risk The market value of securities owned by the Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a single corporate borrower or security issuer. These general market conditions include real or perceived adverse economic or regulatory conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency exchange rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. Market values may also decline due to factors which affect a particular industry or sector, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry, or a particular segment, such as mortgage or government securities. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value simultaneously. When markets perform well, there can be no assurance that the Fund's securities will participate in or otherwise benefit from the advance.
Portfolio turnover Portfolio turnover is a measure of how frequently the Fund's portfolio securities are bought and sold. High portfolio turnover rates generally increase transaction costs, which are Fund expenses. Such portfolio transactions may also result in the realization of taxable capital gains, including short-term capital gains, which are generally taxable at ordinary income tax rates for federal income tax purposes for shareholders subject to income tax and who hold their shares in a taxable account. Higher transaction costs reduce the Fund's returns.
The SEC requires annual portfolio turnover to be calculated generally as the lesser of a fund's purchases or sales of portfolio securities during a given fiscal year, divided by the monthly average value of the Fund's portfolio securities owned during that year (excluding securities with a maturity or expiration date that, at the time of acquisition, was less than one year). For example, a fund reporting a 100% portfolio turnover rate would have purchased and sold securities worth as much as the monthly average value of its portfolio securities during the year. The portfolio turnover rates for the Fund are disclosed in the sections entitled "Portfolio Turnover" and "Financial Highlights" of the Fund's prospectus.
Portfolio turnover is affected by factors within and outside the control of the Fund and its investment manager. The investment manager's investment outlook for the type of securities in which the Fund invests may change as a result of unexpected developments in domestic or international securities markets, or in economic, monetary or political relationships. High market volatility may result in the investment manager using a more active trading strategy than it might have otherwise pursued. The Fund's investment manager will consider the economic effects of portfolio turnover but generally will not treat portfolio turnover as a limiting factor in making investment decisions. Investment decisions affecting turnover may include changes in investment policies or management personnel, as well as individual portfolio transactions.
Factors wholly outside the control of the investment manager that may increase portfolio turnover include increased merger and acquisition activity, or increased rates of bankruptcy or default, that may create involuntary transactions for funds that hold affected securities.
The rate of bond calls by issuers of fixed-income debt securities may increase as interest rates decline. This causes "sales" of called bonds by the Fund and the subsequent purchase of replacement investments.
In addition, redemptions or exchanges by investors may require the liquidation of portfolio securities. Changes in particular portfolio holdings may also be made whenever a security is considered to be no longer the most appropriate investment for the Fund, or another security appears to have a relatively better opportunity.
Commodity Exchange Act Exclusion The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), and, therefore, is not currently subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA. However, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CTFC) has recently proposed amendments to this exclusion. Whether the proposed amendments will be adopted in their current form and the full impact of such amendments on the Fund are not yet known.
Policies and Procedures Regarding the Release of Portfolio Holdings
The Fund's overall policy with respect to the release of portfolio holdings is to release such information consistent with applicable legal requirements and the fiduciary duties owed to shareholders. Subject to the limited exceptions described below, the Fund will not make available to anyone non-public information with respect to its portfolio holdings, until such time as the information is made available to all shareholders or the general public.
For purposes of this policy, portfolio holdings information does not include aggregate, composite or descriptive information that does not present risks of dilution, arbitrage, market timing, insider trading or other inappropriate trading for the Fund. Information excluded from the definition of portfolio holdings information generally includes, without limitation: (1) descriptions of allocations among asset classes, regions, countries or industries/sectors; (2) aggregated data such as average or median ratios, market capitalization, credit quality or duration; (3) performance attributions by industry, sector or country; or (4) aggregated risk statistics. Such information, if made available to anyone, will be made available to any person upon request, but, because such information is generally not material to investors, it may or may not be posted on the Fund's website. In addition, other information may also be deemed to not be portfolio holdings information if, in the reasonable belief of the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer (or his/her designee), the release of such information would not present risks of dilution, arbitrage, market timing, insider trading or other inappropriate trading for the Fund.
Consistent with current law, the Fund releases complete portfolio holdings information each fiscal quarter through regulatory filings with no more than a 60-day lag.
In addition, a complete list of the Fund's portfolio holdings is generally released no sooner than 20 calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter. Commentaries and other materials that may reference specific holdings information of the Fund as of the most recent calendar quarter end are also subject to the same 20-day lag requirement. Other descriptive information, such as the Fund's top 10 holdings, may be released monthly, no sooner than five days after the end of each month. Released portfolio holdings information can be viewed on franklintempleton.com.
To the extent that this policy would permit the release of portfolio holdings information regarding a particular portfolio holding for the Fund that is the subject of ongoing purchase or sale orders/programs, or if the release of such portfolio holdings information would otherwise be sensitive or inappropriate, the portfolio manager for the Fund may request that the release of such information be withheld.
Exceptions to the portfolio holdings release policy will be made only when: (1) the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for releasing portfolio holdings information in advance of release to all shareholders or the general public; (2) the recipient is subject to a duty of confidentiality pursuant to a signed non-disclosure agreement; and (3) the release of such information would not otherwise violate the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws or fiduciary duties owed to Fund shareholders. The determination of whether to grant an exception, which includes the determination of whether the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for releasing portfolio holdings information in advance of release to all shareholders or the general public shall be made by the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee, following a request submitted in writing.
The eligible third parties to whom portfolio holdings information may be released in advance of general release fall into the following categories: data consolidators (including rating agencies), fund rating/ranking services and other data providers, service providers to the Fund, and municipal securities brokers using the Investor Tools product which brings together buyers and sellers of municipal securities in the normal operation of the municipal securities markets. In addition, should the Fund process a shareholders redemption request in-kind, the Fund may, under certain circumstances, provide portfolio holdings information to such shareholder to the extent necessary to allow the shareholder to prepare for receipt of such portfolio securities.
The specific entities to whom the Fund may provide portfolio holdings in advance of their release to the general public are:
In all cases, eligible third parties are required to execute a non-disclosure agreement. Non-disclosure agreements include the following provisions:
In no case does the Fund receive any compensation in connection with the arrangements to release portfolio holdings information to any of the above-described recipients of the information.
Several investment managers within Franklin Templeton Investments (F-T Managers) serve as investment managers to offshore funds that are registered or otherwise authorized for sale with foreign regulatory authorities. The release of portfolio holdings information for such offshore funds is excluded from the Fund's portfolio holdings release policy if such information is given to offshore banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies, registered investment managers and other financial institutions (offshore investment managers) with discretionary authority to select offshore funds on behalf of their clients. Because such offshore funds may from time to time invest in securities substantially similar to those of the Fund, there is the risk that such portfolio holdings information may be used to trade inappropriately against the Fund. To mitigate such risks, such information may only be disclosed for portfolio analytics, such as risk analysis/asset allocation, and the offshore investment manager will be required to execute a non-disclosure agreement, whereby such offshore investment manager: (1) agrees to maintain such information as confidential, including limiting the dissemination of such information, (2) is prohibited from trading on the information received, including (a) purchasing or selling any portfolio securities based on any information received; (b) trading against any U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund, including the Fund; (c) knowingly engaging in any trading practices that are adverse to any such fund; and (d) trading in shares of any such fund that is substantially similar to the offshore fund, and (3) agrees to refresh its representation as to confidentiality and abstention from trading upon request from Franklin Templeton. In addition, an offshore fund may release information regarding the top contributors and detractors to such funds portfolio performance monthly to those recipients who have executed a non-disclosure agreement containing the provisions described above, or who have confirmed electronically its agreement to such provisions. Country-specific offshore funds that are not, in the aggregate, substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund, are not subject to the restrictions imposed by the policy.
Certain F-T Managers serve as investment advisers to privately placed funds that are exempt from registration, including Canadian institutional pooled funds and commingled trusts maintained by a Franklin Templeton trust company. In certain circumstances, such unregistered private funds may have portfolio holdings that are not, in the aggregate, substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered fund, as determined by the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee. Under such circumstances the release of portfolio holdings information to a client or potential client of the unregistered private fund may be permissible. In circumstances where an unregistered private fund invests in portfolio securities that, in the aggregate, are substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered fund, such private funds are subject to the restrictions imposed by the policy, except that the release of holdings information to a current investor in the private fund is permissible conditioned upon such investors execution of a non-disclosure agreement to mitigate the risk that portfolio holdings information may be used to trade inappropriately against a fund. Such non-disclosure agreement must provide that the investor: (1) agrees to maintain such information as confidential, including limiting the dissemination of such information (except that the investor may be permitted to disseminate such information to an agent as necessary to allow the performance of portfolio analytics with respect to the investors investment in the private fund), and (2) is prohibited from trading on the information received, including (a) trading against any U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund, including the Fund; (b) knowingly engaging in any trading practices that are adverse to any such fund; and (c) trading in shares of any U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund that is managed in a style substantially similar to that of the private fund.
Some F-T Managers serve as sub-advisers to other mutual funds not within the Franklin Templeton Investments fund complex ("other funds"), which may be managed in a style substantially similar to that of a U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund. Such other funds are not subject to the Fund's portfolio holdings release policy. The sponsors of such funds may disclose the portfolio holdings of such funds at different times than the Fund discloses its portfolio holdings.
In addition, some F-T Managers also serve as investment managers to separate accounts, which are subject to the Funds policy with respect to the release of the separate accounts holdings to consultants and potential clients. Separate accounts that are not, in the aggregate, substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund, however, are not subject to the restrictions imposed by the policy.
The Fund's portfolio holdings release policy and all subsequent amendments have been reviewed and approved by the Fund's board, and any other material amendments shall also be reviewed and approved by the board. The investment manager's compliance staff conducts periodic reviews of compliance with the policy and provides at least annually a report to the board regarding the operation of the policy and any material changes recommended as a result of such review. The investment manager's compliance staff also will supply the board yearly with a list of exceptions granted to the policy, along with an explanation of the legitimate business purpose of the Fund that is served as a result of the exception.
Franklin Strategic Series (Trust) has a board of trustees. Each trustee will serve until that person resigns and/or a successor is elected and qualified. The board is responsible for the overall management of the Trust, including general supervision and review of the Fund's investment activities. The board, in turn, elects the officers of the Trust who are responsible for administering the Fund's day-to-day operations. The board also monitors the Fund to ensure that no material conflicts exist among share classes. While none are expected, the board will act appropriately to resolve any material conflict that may arise.
The name, year of birth and address of the officers and board members, as well as their affiliations, positions held with the Trust, principal occupations during the past five years and number of portfolios overseen in the Franklin Templeton fund complex are shown below.
1. We base the number of portfolios on each separate series of the U.S. registered investment companies within the Franklin Templeton Investments fund complex. These portfolios have a common investment manager or affiliated investment managers.
2. Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are considered to be interested persons of the Fund under the federal securities laws due to their positions as officers and directors and major shareholders of Franklin Resources, Inc., which is the parent company of the Fund's investment manager and distributor.
The Trust's independent board members constitute the sole independent board members of 27 investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Investments complex for which each independent board member currently is paid a $232,000 annual retainer fee, together with a $7,000 per meeting fee for attendance at regularly scheduled board meetings, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. To the extent held, compensation may also be paid for attendance at specially held board meetings. The Trust's lead independent trustee is paid an annual supplemental retainer of $25,000 for services to such investment companies, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. Board members who serve on the Audit Committee of the Trust and such other funds receive a flat fee of $3,000 per Committee meeting attended in person and $2,000 per telephonic meeting, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. John B. Wilson, who serves as chairman of the Audit Committee of the Trust and such other funds receives an additional fee of $40,000 per year, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. Members of the Committee are not separately compensated for any committee meeting held on the day of a regularly scheduled board meeting. The following table provides the total fees paid to independent board members by the Trust and by other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments.
Name |
Total Fees
Received from the Trust ($) 1 |
Total Fees
Received from Franklin Templeton Investments ($) 2 |
Number
of Boards in Franklin Templeton Investments on which Each Serves 3 |
Harris J. Ashton | 26,439 | 470,000 | 41 |
Sam Ginn | 26,439 | 288,000 | 27 |
Edith E. Holiday | 27,886 | 505,000 | 41 |
J. Michael Luttig | 27,885 | 492,000 | 41 |
Frank A. Olson | 27,885 | 492,000 | 41 |
Larry D. Thompson | 26,439 | 589,000 | 43 |
John B. Wilson | 31,762 | 375,000 | 27 |
1. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011.
2. For the calendar year ended December 31, 2010.
3. We base the number of boards on the number of U.S. registered investment companies in Franklin Templeton Investments. This number does not include the total number of series or portfolios within each investment company for which the board members are responsible.
Independent board members are reimbursed for expenses incurred in connection with attending board meetings and are paid pro rata by each fund in Franklin Templeton Investments for which they serve as director or trustee. No officer or board member received any other compensation, including pension or retirement benefits, directly or indirectly from the Trust or other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments. Certain officers or board members who are shareholders of Franklin Resources, Inc. (Resources) may be deemed to receive indirect remuneration by virtue of their participation, if any, in the fees paid to its subsidiaries.
Board members historically have followed a policy of having substantial investments in one or more of the Franklin Templeton funds, as is consistent with their individual financial goals. In February 1998, this policy was formalized through the adoption of a requirement that each board member invest one-third of fees received for serving as a director or trustee of a Templeton fund (excluding committee fees) in shares of one or more Templeton funds and one-third of fees received for serving as a director or trustee of a Franklin fund (excluding committee fees) in shares of one or more Franklin funds until the value of such investments equals or exceeds five times the annual retainer and regular board meeting fees paid to such board member. Investments in the name of family members or entities controlled by a board member constitute fund holdings of such board member for purposes of this policy, and a three-year phase-in period applies to such investment requirements for newly elected board members. In implementing such policy, a board member's fund holdings existing on February 27, 1998, are valued as of such date with subsequent investments valued at cost.
The following tables provide the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the board members of the Fund on December 31, 2010.
Independent Board Members
Name of Board Member |
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Funds Overseen by the Board Member in the Franklin Templeton Fund Complex |
Harris J. Ashton | None | Over $100,000 |
Sam Ginn |
Focused Core Equity Fund
$50,001 - $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Edith E. Holiday |
Small-Mid Cap Fund
$1 - $10,000 |
Over $100,000 |
J. Michael Luttig | None | Over $100,000 |
Frank A. Olson | None | Over $100,000 |
Larry D. Thompson | None | Over $100,000 |
John B. Wilson | None | Over $100,000 |
Interested Board Members
Name of Board Member |
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Funds Overseen by the Board Member in the Franklin Templeton Fund Complex |
Charles B. Johnson |
Small-Mid Cap Fund
$10,001 - $50,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. |
Flex Cap Fund
Over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Growth Opportunities Fund
Over $100,000 |
||
Small-Mid Cap Fund
Over $100,000 |
Board committees The board maintains two standing committees: the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee. The Audit Committee is generally responsible for recommending the selection of the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm (auditors), including evaluating their independence and meeting with such auditors to consider and review matters relating to the Trust's financial reports and internal controls. The Audit Committee is comprised of the following independent trustees of the Trust: Edith E. Holiday, J. Michael Luttig, Frank A. Olson and John B. Wilson. The Nominating Committee is comprised of the following independent trustees of the Trust: Harris J. Ashton, Sam Ginn, Edith E. Holiday, J. Michael Luttig, Frank A. Olson, Larry D. Thompson and John B. Wilson.
The Nominating Committee is responsible for selecting candidates to serve as board members and recommending such candidates (a) for selection and nomination as independent board members by the incumbent independent board member and the full board; and (b) for selection and nomination as interested board members by the full board.
When the board has or expects to have a vacancy, the Nominating Committee receives and reviews information on individuals qualified to be recommended to the full board as nominees for election as board members, including any recommendations by Qualifying Fund Shareholders (as defined below). To date, the Nominating Committee has been able to identify, and expects to continue to be able to identify, from its own resources an ample number of qualified candidates. The Nominating Committee, however, will review recommendations from Qualifying Fund Shareholders to fill vacancies on the board if these recommendations are submitted in writing and addressed to the Nominating Committee at the Trust's offices at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151 and are presented with appropriate background material concerning the candidate that demonstrates his or her ability to serve as a board member, including as an independent board member, of the Trust. A Qualifying Fund Shareholder is a shareholder who (i) has continuously owned of record, or beneficially through a financial intermediary, shares of the Fund having a net asset value of not less than two hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($250,000) during the 24-month period prior to submitting the recommendation; and (ii) provides a written notice to the Nominating Committee containing the following information: (a) the name and address of the Qualifying Fund Shareholder making the recommendation; (b) the number of shares of the Fund which are owned of record and beneficially by such Qualifying Fund Shareholder and the length of time that such shares have been so owned by the Qualifying Fund Shareholder; (c) a description of all arrangements and understandings between such Qualifying Fund Shareholder and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the recommendation is being made; (d) the name, age, date of birth, business address and residence address of the person or persons being recommended; (e) such other information regarding each person recommended by such Qualifying Fund Shareholder as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the SEC had the nominee been nominated by the board; (f) whether the shareholder making the recommendation believes the person recommended would or would not be an interested person of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act; and (g) the written consent of each person recommended to serve as a board member of the Trust if so nominated and elected/appointed.
The Nominating Committee may amend these procedures from time to time, including the procedures relating to the evaluation of nominees and the process for submitting recommendations to the Nominating Committee.
During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, the Audit Committee met three times; the Nominating Committee met twice.
Board role in risk oversight The board, as a whole, considers risk management issues as part of its general oversight responsibilities throughout the year at regular board meetings, through regular reports that have been developed by management, in consultation with the board and its counsel. These reports address certain investment, valuation and compliance matters. The board also may receive special written reports or presentations on a variety of risk issues, either upon the boards request or upon the investment managers initiative. In addition, the Audit Committee of the board meets regularly with the investment managers internal audit group to review reports on their examinations of functions and processes within Franklin Templeton Investments that affect the Fund.
With respect to investment risk, the board receives regular written reports describing and analyzing the investment performance of the Fund. In addition, the portfolio managers of the Fund meet regularly with the boards to discuss portfolio performance, including investment risk. To the extent that the Fund changes a particular investment strategy that could have a material impact on the Funds risk profile, the board generally is consulted with respect to such change. To the extent that the Fund invests in certain complex securities, including derivatives, the board receives periodic reports containing information about exposure of the Fund to such instruments. In addition, the investment managers investment risk personnel meet regularly with the board to discuss a variety of issues, including the impact on the Fund of the investment in particular securities or instruments, such as derivatives.
With respect to valuation, the Funds administrator provides regular written reports to the board that enable the board to monitor the number of fair valued securities in a particular portfolio, the reasons for the fair valuation and the methodology used to arrive at the fair value. Such reports also include information concerning illiquid securities within the Funds portfolio. The board also reviews dispositional analysis information on the sale of securities that require special valuation considerations such as illiquid or fair valued securities. In addition, the Funds Audit Committee reviews valuation procedures and results with the Funds auditors in connection with such Committees review of the results of the audit of the Funds year end financial statement.
With respect to compliance risks, the board receives regular compliance reports prepared by the investment managers compliance group and meets regularly with the Funds Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) to discuss compliance issues, including compliance risks. In accordance with SEC requirements, the independent trustees meet regularly in executive session with the CCO, and the Funds CCO prepares and presents an annual written compliance report to the board. The Funds board adopts compliance policies and procedures for the Fund and approves such procedures for the Funds service providers. The compliance policies and procedures are specifically designed to detect and prevent violations of the federal securities laws.
The investment manager periodically provides an enterprise risk management presentation to the board to describe the way in which risk is managed on a complex-wide level. Such presentation covers such areas as investment risk, reputational risk, personnel risk, and business continuity risk.
Board structure Seventy-five percent or more of board members consist of independent trustees who are not deemed to be interested persons by reason of their relationship with the Funds management or otherwise as provided under the Investment Company Act of 1940. While the Chairman of the Board is an interested person, the board is also served by a lead independent trustee. The lead independent trustee, together with independent counsel, reviews proposed agendas for board meetings and generally acts as a liaison with management with respect to questions and issues raised by the independent trustees. The lead independent trustee also presides at separate meetings of independent trustees held in advance of each scheduled board meeting where various matters, including those being considered at such board meeting are discussed. It is believed such structure and activities assure that proper consideration is given at board meetings to matters deemed important to the Fund and its shareholders.
Trustee qualifications Information on the Funds officers and trustees appears above including information on the business activities of trustees during the past five years and beyond. In addition to personal qualities, such as integrity, the role of an effective Fund trustee inherently requires the ability to comprehend, discuss and critically analyze materials and issues presented in exercising judgments and reaching informed conclusions relevant to his or her duties and fiduciary obligations. It is believed that the specific background of each trustee evidences such ability and is appropriate to his or her serving on the Funds board of trustees. As indicated, Harris J. Ashton, Frank A. Olson and Sam Ginn have each served as chief executive officers of New York Stock Exchange listed public corporations; Larry D. Thompson and Edith E. Holiday, have legal backgrounds, including high level legal positions with departments of the U.S. government; John Wilson has served as chief operating officer of a New York Stock Exchange listed public corporation, as well as chief financial officer of a NASDAQ listed public corporation; J. Michael Luttig has fifteen years of judicial experience as a Federal Appeals Court Judge; and Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson are both high ranking executive officers of Franklin Templeton Investments.
The Fund's board of trustees has delegated to the investment manager the task of ensuring that regulatory guidelines governing the fair valuation for securities are applied to the Fund and that the required level of liquidity is maintained. The investment manager has formed a Valuation & Liquidity Oversight Committee (VLOC) to oversee these obligations. The VLOC oversees and administers the policies and procedures governing fair valuation and liquidity determination of securities. The VLOC meets monthly to review and approve fair value and liquidity reports and conduct other business, and meets whenever necessary to review potential significant market events and take appropriate steps to adjust valuations in accordance with established policies. The VLOC provides regular reports that document its activities to the board of trustees for its review and approval of pricing determinations at scheduled meetings. VLOC meeting minutes are regularly submitted to the board of trustees for their review.
The Fund's policies and procedures governing fair valuation and liquidity determination of securities have been initially reviewed and approved by the board of trustees and any material amendments will also be reviewed and approved by the board. The investment manager's compliance staff conducts periodic reviews of compliance with the policies and provides at least annually a report to the board of trustees regarding the operation of the policies and any material changes recommended as a result of such review.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The board of trustees of the Fund has delegated the authority to vote proxies related to the portfolio securities held by the Fund to the Fund's investment manager Franklin Advisers, Inc. in accordance with the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (Policies) adopted by the investment manager.
The investment manager has delegated its administrative duties with respect to the voting of proxies to the Proxy Group within Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC (Proxy Group), an affiliate and wholly owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. All proxies received by the Proxy Group will be voted based upon the investment managers instructions and/or policies. The investment manager votes proxies solely in the interests of the Fund and its shareholders.
To assist it in analyzing proxies, the investment manager subscribes to RiskMetrics Group (RiskMetrics), an unaffiliated third-party corporate governance research service that provides in-depth analyses of shareholder meeting agendas, vote recommendations, recordkeeping and vote disclosure services. In addition, the investment manager subscribes to Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC (Glass Lewis), an unaffiliated third-party analytical research firm, to receive analyses and vote recommendations on the shareholder meetings of publicly held U.S. companies. Although RiskMetrics and/or Glass Lewis analyses are thoroughly reviewed and considered in making a final voting decision, the investment manager does not consider recommendations from RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or any other third party to be determinative of the investment managers ultimate decision. As a matter of policy, the officers, directors/trustees and employees of the investment manager and the Proxy Group will not be influenced by outside sources whose interests conflict with the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Efforts are made to resolve all conflicts in the interests of the investment managers clients. Material conflicts of interest are identified by the Proxy Group based upon analyses of client, distributor, broker-dealer and vendor lists, information periodically gathered from directors and officers, and information derived from other sources, including public filings. In situations where a material conflict of interest is identified, the Proxy Group may defer to the voting recommendation of RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or those of another independent third-party provider of proxy services; or send the proxy directly to the Fund with the investment manager's recommendation regarding the vote for approval. If the conflict is not resolved by the Fund, the Proxy Group may refer the matter, along with the recommended course of action by the investment manager, if any, to an interdepartmental Proxy Review Committee (which may include portfolio managers and/or research analysts employed by the investment manager), for evaluation and voting instructions. The Proxy Review Committee may defer to the voting recommendation of RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or those of another independent third-party provider of proxy services; or send the proxy directly to the Fund. Where the Proxy Group or the Proxy Review Committee refers a matter to the Fund, it may rely upon the instructions of a representative of the Fund, such as the board or a committee of the board.
Where a material conflict of interest has been identified, but the items on which the investment managers vote recommendations differ from Glass Lewis, RiskMetrics, or another independent third-party provider of proxy services relate specifically to (1) shareholder proposals regarding social or environmental issues or political contributions, (2) Other Business without describing the matters that might be considered, or (3) items the investment manager wishes to vote in opposition to the recommendations of an issuers management, the Proxy Group may defer to the vote recommendations of the investment manager rather than sending the proxy directly to the Fund for approval.
To avoid certain potential conflicts of interest, the investment manager will employ echo voting, if possible, in the following instances: (1) when the Fund invests in an underlying fund in reliance on any one of Sections 12(d) (1) (E), (F), or (G) of the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, or pursuant to any SEC exemptive orders thereunder; (2) when the Fund invests uninvested cash in affiliated money market funds pursuant to the rules under the 1940 Act or any exemptive orders thereunder (cash sweep arrangement); or (3) when required pursuant to the Funds governing documents or applicable law. Echo voting means that the investment manager will vote the shares in the same proportion as the vote of all of the other holders of the Funds shares.
The recommendation of management on any issue is a factor that the investment manager considers in determining how proxies should be voted. However, the investment manager does not consider recommendations from management to be determinative of the investment managers ultimate decision. As a matter of practice, the votes with respect to most issues are cast in accordance with the position of the company's management. Each issue, however, is considered on its own merits, and the investment manager will not support the position of the company's management in any situation where it deems that the ratification of managements position would adversely affect the investment merits of owning that companys shares.
Investment managers proxy voting policies and principles The investment manager has adopted general proxy voting guidelines, which are summarized below. These guidelines are not an exhaustive list of all the issues that may arise and the investment manager cannot anticipate all future situations. In all cases, each proxy will be considered based on the relevant facts and circumstances.
Board of directors. The investment manager supports an independent board of directors, and prefers that key committees such as audit, nominating, and compensation committees be comprised of independent directors. The investment manager will generally vote against management efforts to classify a board and will generally support proposals to declassify the board of directors. The investment manager will consider withholding votes from directors who have attended less than 75% of meetings without a valid reason. While generally in favor of separating Chairman and CEO positions, the investment manager will review this issue as well as proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration factors such as the companys corporate governance guidelines or provisions and performance.
Ratification of auditors of portfolio companies. The investment manager will closely scrutinize the role and performance of auditors. On a case-by-case basis, the investment manager will examine proposals relating to non-audit relationships and non-audit fees. The investment manager will also consider, on a case-by-case basis, proposals to rotate auditors, and will vote against the ratification of auditors when there is clear and compelling evidence of accounting irregularities or negligence.
Management and director compensation. A companys equity-based compensation plan should be in alignment with the shareholders long-term interests. The investment manager believes that executive compensation should be directly linked to the performance of the company. The investment manager evaluates plans on a case-by-case basis by considering several factors to determine whether the plan is fair and reasonable, including the RiskMetrics quantitative model utilized to assess such plans and/or the Glass Lewis evaluation of the plans. The investment manager will generally oppose plans that have the potential to be excessively dilutive, and will almost always oppose plans that are structured to allow the repricing of underwater options, or plans that have an automatic share replenishment evergreen feature. The investment manager will generally support employee stock option plans in which the purchase price is at least 85% of fair market value, and when potential dilution is 10% or less.
Severance compensation arrangements will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, although the investment manager will generally oppose golden parachutes that are considered to be excessive. The investment manager will normally support proposals that require a percentage of directors compensation to be in the form of common stock, as it aligns their interests with those of shareholders.
Anti-takeover mechanisms and related issues. The investment manager generally opposes anti-takeover measures since they tend to reduce shareholder rights. However, as with all proxy issues, the investment manager conducts an independent review of each anti-takeover proposal. On occasion, the investment manager may vote with management when the research analyst has concluded that the proposal is not onerous and would not harm the Fund or its shareholders interests. The investment manager generally supports proposals that require shareholder rights plans (poison pills) to be subject to a shareholder vote and will closely evaluate such plans on a case-by-case basis to determine whether or not they warrant support. In addition, the investment manager will generally vote against any proposal to issue stock that has unequal or subordinate voting rights. The investment manager generally opposes any supermajority voting requirements as well as the payment of greenmail. The investment manager generally supports fair price provisions and confidential voting.
Changes to capital structure. The investment manager realizes that a company's financing decisions have a significant impact on its shareholders, particularly when they involve the issuance of additional shares of common or preferred stock or the assumption of additional debt. The investment manager will review, on a case-by-case basis, proposals by companies to increase authorized shares and the purpose for the increase. The investment manager will generally not vote in favor of dual-class capital structures to increase the number of authorized shares where that class of stock would have superior voting rights. The investment manager will generally vote in favor of the issuance of preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock issuance are deemed reasonable.
Mergers and corporate restructuring. Mergers and acquisitions will be subject to careful review by the research analyst to determine whether they would be beneficial to shareholders. The investment manager will analyze various economic and strategic factors in making the final decision on a merger or acquisition. Corporate restructuring proposals are also subject to a thorough examination on a case-by-case basis.
Social and corporate policy issues. The investment manager will generally give management discretion with regard to social, environmental and ethical issues, although the investment manager may vote in favor of those that are believed to have significant economic benefits or implications for the Fund and its shareholders.
Global corporate governance. Many of the tenets discussed above are applied to the investment manager's proxy voting decisions for international investments. However, the investment manager must be flexible in these instances and must be mindful of the varied market practices of each region.
The investment manager will attempt to process every proxy it receives for all domestic and foreign issuers. However, there may be situations in which the investment manager cannot process proxies, for example, where a meeting notice was received too late, or sell orders preclude the ability to vote. If a security is on loan, the investment manager may determine that it is not in the best interests of the Fund to recall the security for voting purposes. Also, the investment manager may abstain from voting under certain circumstances or vote against items such as Other Business when the investment manager is not given adequate information from the company.
Shareholders may view the complete Policies online at franklintempleton.com. Alternatively, shareholders may request copies of the Policies free of charge by calling the Proxy Group collect at (954) 527-7678 or by sending a written request to: Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC, 300 S.E. 2nd Street, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301-1923, Attention: Proxy Group. Copies of the Funds proxy voting records are available online at franklintempleton.com and posted on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. The proxy voting records are updated each year by August 31 to reflect the most recent 12-month period ended June 30.
Investment manager and services provided The Fund's investment manager is Franklin Advisers, Inc. The investment manager is a wholly owned subsidiary of Resources, a publicly owned company engaged in the financial services industry through its subsidiaries. Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are the principal shareholders of Resources.
The investment manager provides investment research and portfolio management services, and selects the securities for the Fund to buy, hold or sell. The investment manager also selects the brokers who execute the Fund's portfolio transactions. The investment manager provides periodic reports to the board, which reviews and supervises the investment manager's investment activities. To protect the Fund, the investment manager and its officers, directors and employees are covered by fidelity insurance.
The investment manager and its affiliates manage numerous other investment companies and accounts. The investment manager may give advice and take action with respect to any of the other funds it manages, or for its own account, that may differ from action taken by the investment manager on behalf of the Fund. Similarly, with respect to the Fund, the investment manager is not obligated to recommend, buy or sell, or to refrain from recommending, buying or selling any security that the investment manager and access persons, as defined by applicable federal securities laws, may buy or sell for its or their own account or for the accounts of any other fund. The investment manager is not obligated to refrain from investing in securities held by the Fund or other funds it manages. Because the investment manager is a subsidiary of a financial holding company (FHC) under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, federal regulations applicable to FHCs may limit or restrict the Fund's ability to acquire or hold a position in a given security when it might otherwise be advantageous for the Fund to acquire or hold that security.
The Fund, its investment manager and principal underwriter have each adopted a code of ethics, as required by federal securities laws. Under the code of ethics, employees who are designated as access persons may engage in personal securities transactions, including transactions involving securities that are being considered for the Fund or that are currently held by the Fund, subject to certain general restrictions and procedures. The personal securities transactions of access persons of the Fund, its investment manager and principal underwriter will be governed by the code of ethics. The code of ethics is on file with, and available from, the SEC.
Management fees
The Flex Cap Fund and Small-Mid Cap Fund pays the investment manager a fee equal to an annual rate of:
The Focused Core Equity Fund pays the investment manager a fee for managing the Funds assets. The fee is equal to an annual rate of:
The Growth Opportunities Fund pays the investment manager a fee equal to an annual rate of:
The Small Cap Fund pays the investment manager a fee equal to an annual rate of:
The fee is calculated daily and paid monthly according to the terms of the management agreement. Each class of the Fund's shares pays its proportionate share of the fee.
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Fund paid the following management fees:
Management Fees Paid ($) | |||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |
Flex Cap Fund 1 | 15,065,166 | 12,099,741 | 10,396,304 |
Focused Core Equity Fund 2 | 24,700 | 0 | 0 |
Growth Opportunities Fund 3 | 2,030,315 | 1,950,360 | 1,255,622 |
Small Cap Fund 4 | 1,753,150 | 1,646,783 | 2,194,667 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund 5 | 17,165,812 | 15,392,031 | 17,341,750 |
1. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, management fees, before any reduction, totaled $15,210,636, $12,700,633 and $10,656,319, respectively. Under an agreement by the investment manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Funds investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Flex Cap Fund paid the management fees shown.
2. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, management fees, before any advance waiver, totaled $111,046, $72,357 and $33,894, respectively. Under an agreement by the investment manager to waive its fees and to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Funds investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Focused Core Equity Fund paid the management fees shown.
3. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, management fees, before any reduction, totaled $2,037,497, $1,970,253 and $1,285,350, respectively. Under an agreement by the investment manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Funds investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Growth Opportunities Fund paid the management fees shown.
4. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, management fees, before any reduction, totaled $1,772,232, $1,668,745 and $2,223,797, respectively. Under an agreement by the investment manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Funds investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Small Cap Fund paid the management fees shown.
5. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, management fees, before any reduction, totaled $17,356,461, $15,572,712 and $17,876,864, respectively. Under an agreement by the investment manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Funds investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Small- Mid Cap Fund paid the management fees shown.
Portfolio managers This section reflects information about the portfolio managers as of April 30, 2011.
The following table shows the number of other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the total assets in the accounts managed within each category:
Name |
Number of Other
Registered Investment Companies Managed 1 |
Assets of Other
Registered Investment Companies Managed (x $1 million) 1 |
Number of Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed 2 |
Assets of Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed (x $1 million) 2 |
Number of Other
Accounts Managed 2 |
Assets of Other
Accounts Managed (x $1 million) 2 |
Grant Bowers | 0 | N/A | 3 | 3,457.5 | 0 | N/A |
Brad Carris | 1 | 85.6 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 1,037.5 |
James Cross | 1 | 1,117.1 | 3 | 449.9 | 0 | N/A |
Conrad B. Herrmann | 2 | 5,852.8 | 5 | 3,014.0 | 3 | 151.8 |
Edward B. Jamieson | 1 | 1,117.1 | 5 | 450.3 | 1 | 0.0 |
Steven Kornfeld | 1 | 228.2 | 2 | 18.9 | 0 | N/A |
Brent Loder | 2 | 527.6 | 1 | 18.8 | 0 | N/A |
Michael McCarthy | 2 | 1,202.7 | 5 | 450.5 | 6 | 373.0 |
Matt Moberg | 2 | 1,519.4 | 1 | 0.1 | 0 | N/A |
1. These figures represent registered investment companies other than the Funds that are included in this SAI.
2. The various pooled investment vehicles and accounts listed are managed by a team of investment professionals. Accordingly, the portfolio manager listed would not be solely responsible for managing such listed amounts.
Portfolio managers that provide investment services to the Fund may also provide services to a variety of other investment products, including other funds, institutional accounts and private accounts. The advisory fees for some of such other products and accounts may be different than that charged to the Fund and may include performance based compensation. This may result in fees that are higher (or lower) than the advisory fees paid by the Fund. As a matter of policy, each fund or account is managed solely for the benefit of the beneficial owners thereof. As discussed below, the separation of the trading execution function from the portfolio management function and the application of objectively based trade allocation procedures help to mitigate potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the portfolio managers managing accounts with different advisory fees.
Conflicts. The management of multiple funds, including the Fund, and accounts may also give rise to potential conflicts of interest if the funds and other accounts have different objectives, benchmarks, time horizons, and fees as the portfolio manager must allocate his or her time and investment ideas across multiple funds and accounts. The investment manager seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment discipline. Most other accounts managed by a portfolio manager are managed using the same investment strategies that are used in connection with the management of the Fund. Accordingly, portfolio holdings, position sizes, and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar portfolios, which may minimize the potential for conflicts of interest. As noted above, the separate management of the trade execution and valuation functions from the portfolio management process also helps to reduce potential conflicts of interest. However, securities selected for funds or accounts other than the Fund may outperform the securities selected for the Fund. Moreover, if a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one fund or other account, the Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of that opportunity across all eligible funds and other accounts. The investment manager seeks to manage such potential conflicts by using procedures intended to provide a fair allocation of buy and sell opportunities among funds and other accounts.
The structure of a portfolio managers compensation may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. A portfolio managers base pay and bonus tend to increase with additional and more complex responsibilities that include increased assets under management. As such, there may be an indirect relationship between a portfolio managers marketing or sales efforts and his or her bonus.
Finally, the management of personal accounts by a portfolio manager may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. While the funds and the investment manager have adopted a code of ethics which they believe contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent a wide range of prohibited activities by portfolio managers and others with respect to their personal trading activities, there can be no assurance that the code of ethics addresses all individual conduct that could result in conflicts of interest.
The investment manager and the Fund have adopted certain compliance procedures that are designed to address these, and other, types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation where a conflict arises.
Compensation. The investment manager seeks to maintain a compensation program that is competitively positioned to attract, retain and motivate top-quality investment professionals. Portfolio managers receive a base salary, a cash incentive bonus opportunity, an equity compensation opportunity, and a benefits package. Portfolio manager compensation is reviewed annually and the level of compensation is based on individual performance, the salary range for a portfolio managers level of responsibility and Franklin Templeton guidelines. Portfolio managers are provided no financial incentive to favor one fund or account over another. Each portfolio managers compensation consists of the following three elements:
Base salary Each portfolio manager is paid a base salary.
Annual bonus Annual bonuses are structured to align the interests of the portfolio manager with those of the Funds shareholders. Each portfolio manager is eligible to receive an annual bonus. Bonuses generally are split between cash (50% to 65%) and restricted shares of Resources stock (17.5% to 25%) and mutual fund shares (17.5% to 25%). The deferred equity-based compensation is intended to build a vested interest of the portfolio manager in the financial performance of both Resources and mutual funds advised by the investment manager. The bonus plan is intended to provide a competitive level of annual bonus compensation that is tied to the portfolio manager achieving consistently strong investment performance, which aligns the financial incentives of the portfolio manager and Fund shareholders. The Chief Investment Officer of the investment manager and/or other officers of the investment manager, with responsibility for the Fund, have discretion in the granting of annual bonuses to portfolio managers in accordance with Franklin Templeton guidelines. The following factors are generally used in determining bonuses under the plan:
Additional long-term equity-based compensation Portfolio managers may also be awarded restricted shares or units of Resources stock or restricted shares or units of one or more mutual funds. Awards of such deferred equity-based compensation typically vest over time, so as to create incentives to retain key talent.
Portfolio managers also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all employees of the investment manager.
Ownership of Fund shares. The investment manager has a policy of encouraging portfolio managers to invest in the funds they manage. Exceptions arise when, for example, a fund is closed to new investors or when tax considerations or jurisdictional constraints cause such an investment to be inappropriate for the portfolio manager. The following is the dollar range of Fund shares beneficially owned by the portfolio manager (such amounts may change from time to time):
Portfolio Manager |
Dollar Range
of Fund Shares Beneficially Owned |
Grant Bowers |
Growth Opportunities Fund
$100,001 - $500,000 |
Brad Carris |
Small Cap Fund
$100,001 - $500,000 |
James Cross |
Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund
$50,001 - $100,000 |
Conrad B. Herrmann |
Flex Cap Fund
Over $1,000,000 |
Growth Opportunities Fund
$100,001 - $500,000 |
|
Edward B. Jamieson |
Small-Mid Cap Fund
Over $1,000,000 |
Steven Kornfeld |
Focused Core Equity Fund
$50,001 - $100,000 |
Brent Loder |
Focused Core Equity Fund
$1-$10,000 |
Michael McCarthy |
Small Cap Fund
Over $1,000,000 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund
None |
|
Matt Moberg |
Flex Cap Fund
$1 - $10,000 |
Administrator and services provided Franklin Templeton Services, LLC (FT Services) has an agreement with the investment manager to provide certain administrative services and facilities for the Fund. FT Services is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Resources and is an affiliate of the Fund's investment manager and principal underwriter.
The administrative services FT Services provides include preparing and maintaining books, records, and tax and financial reports, and monitoring compliance with regulatory requirements.
Administration fees The Focused Core Equity Fund, Growth Opportunities Fund and Small Cap Fund pay FT Services a monthly fee equal to an annual rate of 0.20% of each Funds average daily net assets.
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Fund paid FT Services the following administration fees:
Administration Fees Paid ($) | |||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |
Focused Core Equity Fund 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Growth Opportunities Fund 2 | 814,999 | 543,269 | 514,157 |
Small Cap Fund 3 | 644,448 | 551,466 | 820,861 |
1. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, before any advance waiver, totaled $29,612, $19,295, and $9,040, respectively. Under an agreement by FT Services to waive its fees, the Focused Core Equity Fund paid no administration fees.
2. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2010, administration fees, before any advance waiver, totaled $788,101. Under an agreement by FT Services to waive its fees.
3. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2010, administration fees, before any advance waiver, totaled $606,816. Under an agreement by FT Services to waive its fees.
For the Flex Cap Fund and Small-Mid Cap Fund the investment manager pays FT Services a monthly fee equal to an annual rate of:
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the investment manager paid FT Services the following administration fees:
Administration Fees Paid ($) | |||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |
Flex Cap Fund | 3,070,357 | 2,651,027 | 2,307,235 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund | 3,428,459 | 3,128,962 | 3,507,109 |
Shareholder servicing and transfer agent Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC (Investor Services) is the Fund's shareholder servicing agent and acts as the Fund's transfer agent and dividend-paying agent. Investor Services is located at 3344 Quality Drive, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313. Please send all correspondence to Investor Services at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151.
Investor Services receives a fee for servicing Fund shareholder accounts. The Fund also will reimburse Investor Services for certain out-of-pocket expenses necessarily incurred in servicing the shareholder accounts in accordance with the terms of its servicing contract with the Fund.
Investor Services may also pay servicing fees, that will be reimbursed by the Fund, in varying amounts to certain financial institutions (primarily to help offset their costs associated with client account maintenance support, statement preparation and transaction processing) that (i) maintain omnibus accounts with the Fund in the institution's name on behalf of numerous beneficial owners of Fund shares who are either direct clients of the institution or are participants in an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan (including Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans and Section 529 Plans) for which the institution, or its affiliate, provides participant level recordkeeping services (called "Beneficial Owners"); or (ii) provide support for Fund shareholder accounts by sharing account data with Investor Services through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) networking system. In addition to servicing fees received from the Fund, these financial institutions also may charge a fee for their services directly to their clients. Investor Services will also receive a fee from the Fund for services provided in support of Beneficial Owners and NSCC networking system accounts.
Custodian The Bank of New York Mellon, Mutual Funds Division, 100 Church Street, New York, NY 10286, acts as custodian of the Fund's securities and other assets. As foreign custody manager, the bank selects and monitors foreign sub-custodian banks, selects and evaluates non-compulsory foreign depositories, and furnishes information relevant to the selection of compulsory depositories.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111-4004, is the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm. The Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm audits the financial statements included in the Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders.
The investment manager selects brokers and dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions in accordance with criteria set forth in the management agreement and any directions that the board may give.
When placing a portfolio transaction, the trading department of the investment manager seeks to obtain "best execution" -- the best combination of high quality transaction execution services, taking into account the services and products to be provided by the broker or dealer, and low relative commission rates with the view of maximizing value for the Fund and its other clients. For most transactions in equity securities, the amount of commissions paid is negotiated between the investment manager and the broker executing the transaction. The determination and evaluation of the reasonableness of the brokerage commissions paid are based to a large degree on the professional opinions of the persons within the trading department of the investment manager responsible for placement and review of the transactions. These opinions are based on the experience of these individuals in the securities industry and information available to them about the level of commissions being paid by other institutional investors. The investment manager may also place orders to buy and sell equity securities on a principal rather than agency basis if the investment manager believes that trading on a principal basis will provide best execution. Orders for fixed-income securities are ordinarily placed with market makers on a net basis, without any brokerage commissions. Purchases of portfolio securities from underwriters will include a commission or concession paid to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers will include a spread between the bid and ask price.
The investment manager may cause the Fund to pay certain brokers commissions that are higher than those another broker may charge, if the investment manager determines in good faith that the amount paid is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services it receives. This may be viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the investment manager's overall responsibilities to client accounts over which it exercises investment discretion. The brokerage commissions that are used to acquire services other than brokerage are known as "soft dollars." Research provided can be either proprietary (created and provided by the broker-dealer, including tangible research products as well as access to analysts and traders) or third party (created by a third party but provided by the broker-dealer). To the extent permitted by applicable law, the investment manager may use soft dollars to acquire both proprietary and third-party research.
The research services that brokers may provide to the investment manager include, among others, supplying information about particular companies, markets, countries, or local, regional, national or transnational economies, statistical data, quotations and other securities pricing information, and other information that provides lawful and appropriate assistance to the investment manager in carrying out its investment advisory responsibilities. These services may not always directly benefit the Fund. They must, however, be of value to the investment manager in carrying out its overall responsibilities to its clients.
It is not possible to place an accurate dollar value on the special execution or on the research services the investment manager receives from dealers effecting transactions in portfolio securities. The allocation of transactions to obtain additional research services allows the investment manager to supplement its own research and analysis activities and to receive the views and information of individuals and research staffs from many securities firms. The receipt of these products and services does not reduce the investment manager's research activities in providing investment advice to the Fund.
As long as it is lawful and appropriate to do so, the investment manager and its affiliates may use this research and data in their investment advisory capacities with other clients.
Because Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), it may sometimes receive certain fees when the Fund tenders portfolio securities pursuant to a tender-offer solicitation. To recapture brokerage for the benefit of the Fund, any portfolio securities tendered by the Fund will be tendered through Distributors if it is legally permissible to do so. In turn, the next management fee payable to the investment manager will be reduced by the amount of any fees received by Distributors in cash, less any costs and expenses incurred in connection with the tender.
If purchases or sales of securities of the Fund and one or more other investment companies or clients supervised by the investment manager are considered at or about the same time, transactions in these securities will be allocated among the several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all by the investment manager, taking into account the respective sizes of the accounts and the amount of securities to be purchased or sold. In some cases this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the Fund is concerned. In other cases it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions may improve execution and reduce transaction costs to the Fund.
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Fund paid the following brokerage commissions:
Brokerage Commissions Paid ($) | |||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |
Flex Cap Fund | 2,718,053 | 2,617,672 | 1,675,258 |
Focused Core Equity Fund | 10,627 | 10,838 | 9,729 |
Growth Opportunities Fund | 517,390 | 640,250 | 596,980 |
Small Cap Fund | 574,234 | 549,991 | 1,041,285 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund | 3,680,230 | 4,271,193 | 5,848,574 |
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, the Fund paid brokerage commissions from aggregate portfolio transactions to brokers who provided research services as follows:
Brokerage
Commissions ($) |
Aggregate
Portfolio Transactions ($) |
|
Flex Cap Fund | 1,397,331 | 3,124,170,182 |
Focused Core Equity Fund | 3,880 | 6,031,790 |
Growth Opportunities Fund | 227,925 | 444,018,437 |
Small Cap Fund | 261,965 | 334,125,490 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund | 1,943,129 | 3,569,300,686 |
As of April 30, 2011, the Flex Cap Fund owned securities issued by JP Morgan Securities, Inc. valued in the aggregate at $36,504,000, the Focused Core Equity Fund owned securities issued by JP Morgan Securities, Inc. and Stifel Nicolaus & Company, Inc. valued in the aggregate at $871,533 and $3,412,296, respectively. Except as noted, the Funds did not own any securities issued by its regular broker- dealers as of the end of the fiscal year.
Because the Fund may, from time to time, invest in broker-dealers, it is possible that the Fund will own more than 5% of the voting securities of one or more broker-dealers through whom the Fund places portfolio brokerage transactions. In such circumstances, the broker-dealer would be considered an affiliated person of the Fund. To the extent the Fund places brokerage transactions through such a broker-dealer at a time when the broker-dealer is considered to be an affiliate of the Fund, the Fund will be required to adhere to certain rules relating to the payment of commissions to an affiliated broker-dealer. These rules require the Fund to adhere to procedures adopted by the board to ensure that the commissions paid to such broker-dealers do not exceed what would otherwise be the usual and customary brokerage commissions for similar transactions.
References to "the Code" and other references to the U.S. Federal income tax law, refer to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Treasury Regulations thereunder.
Multiclass distributions
The Fund calculates income dividends and capital gain distributions the same way for each class. The amount of any income dividends per share will differ, however, generally due to any differences in the distribution and service (Rule 12b-1) fees applicable to the classes.
Distributions of net investment income The Fund receives income generally in the form of dividends and interest on its investments. This income, less expenses incurred in the operation of the Fund, constitutes the Fund's net investment income from which dividends may be paid to you. If you are a taxable investor, any income dividends (other than qualified dividends) the Fund pays are taxable to you at ordinary income tax rates. A portion of the income dividends paid to you may be qualified dividends eligible to be taxed at reduced rates.
Distributions of capital gains The Fund may realize capital gains and losses on the sale of its portfolio securities.
Distributions of short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long you have owned your shares in the Fund. Any net capital gains realized by the Fund (in excess of any available capital loss carryovers) generally are distributed once each year, and may be distributed more frequently, if necessary, to reduce or eliminate excise or income taxes on the Fund.
Capital gain dividends and any net long-term capital gains you realize from the sale of Fund shares are subject to a maximum rate of tax of 15% for individuals (0% for individuals in the 10% and 15% federal income tax brackets). These reduced rates of taxation of capital gain dividends and net long-term capital gains are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2012, unless extended or made permanent before that date. If these rates do sunset at the end of 2012, the rates for taxation of net capital gains that were in effect prior to these changes, including provisions for the taxation of five-year gains, will again be effective for 2013 and later years.
Returns of capital If the Fund's distributions exceed its earnings and profits (i.e., its taxable income and realized capital gains) for a taxable year, all or a portion of the distributions made in that taxable year may be characterized as a return of capital to you. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce the cost basis in your Fund shares and will result in a higher capital gain or in a lower capital loss when you sell your shares. Any return of capital in excess of the basis in your Fund shares, however, will be taxable as a capital gain. In the case of a non-calendar year fund, earnings and profits are first allocated to distributions made on or before December 31 of its taxable year and then to distributions made thereafter, effective for taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010. The effect of this provision is to push returns of capital into the next calendar year.
Investments in foreign securities The following paragraphs describe tax considerations that are applicable to the Fund's investments in foreign securities.
Effect of foreign withholding taxes. The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on income or gains from certain foreign securities. This, in turn, could reduce the Fund's income dividends paid to you.
Effect of foreign debt investments on distributions. Most foreign exchange gains realized on the sale of debt securities are treated as ordinary income by the Fund. Similarly, foreign exchange losses realized on the sale of debt securities generally are treated as ordinary losses. These gains when distributed are taxable to you as ordinary income, and any losses reduce the Fund's ordinary income otherwise available for distribution to you. This treatment could increase or decrease the Fund's ordinary income distributions to you, and may cause some or all of the Fund's previously distributed income to be classified as a return of capital.
PFIC securities. The Fund may invest in securities of foreign entities that could be deemed for tax purposes to be passive foreign investment companies (PFICs). When investing in PFIC securities, the Fund intends to mark-to-market these securities and recognize any gains at the end of its fiscal and excise (described below) tax years. Deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any current or previously recognized gains. These gains (reduced by allowable losses) are treated as ordinary income that the Fund is required to distribute, even though it has not sold the securities. If the Fund is unable to identify an investment as a PFIC security and thus does not make a mark-to-market election, the Fund may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any "excess distribution" or gain from the sale of the PFIC shares even if such income is distributed to you as a taxable dividend. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund on any deferred taxes arising from such income or gains.
The Fund's designation of a foreign security as a PFIC security will cause the income dividends of any designated securities to fall outside of the definition of qualified foreign corporation dividends. These dividends generally will not qualify for the reduced rate of taxation on qualified dividends when distributed to you by the Fund.
Information on the amount and tax character of distributions The Fund will inform you of the amount of your income dividends and capital gain distributions at the time they are paid, and will advise you of their tax status for federal income tax purposes shortly after the close of each calendar year. The amount of income dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders, consisting of qualified dividend income (which is relevant to U.S. investors) and interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends (which are relevant to non-U.S. investors) may exceed the total amount of income dividends paid. Such characterization will not result in more income being reported to you, but rather will allow the Fund to report dividends in a manner that is more tax efficient to both U.S. and non-U.S. investors. If you have not owned your Fund shares for a full year, the Fund may report and distribute to you:
a percentage of income that may not be equal to the actual amount of each type of income earned during the period of your investment in the Fund. Distributions declared in December to shareholders of record in such month, but paid in January, are taxable to you as if paid in December.
The Fund may at times find it necessary to reclassify income after it issues your tax reporting statement. This can result from rules in the Code that effectively prevent regulated investment companies such as the Fund from ascertaining with certainty until after the calendar year end the final amount and character of distributions the Fund has received on its investments during the prior calendar year. Prior to issuing your statement, Franklin Templeton Investments makes every effort to identify reclassifications of income to reduce the number of corrected forms mailed to shareholders. However, when necessary, the Fund will send you a corrected tax reporting statement to reflect reclassified information. If you receive a corrected tax reporting statement, use the information on this statement, and not the information on your original statement, in completing your tax returns.
Avoid "buying a dividend" At the time you purchase your Fund shares, the Funds net asset value may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation in the value of the portfolio securities held by the Fund. For taxable investors, a subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable. This tax treatment is required even if you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares. Buying shares in the Fund just before it declares an income dividend or capital gain distribution is sometimes known as buying a dividend. For example, if you buy 500 shares in a fund on December 10th at the fund's net asset value (NAV) of $10 per share, and the fund makes a distribution on December 15th of $1 per share, your shares will then have an NAV of $9 per share (disregarding any change in the fund's market value), and you will have to pay a tax on what is essentially a return of your investment of $1 per share.
Election to be taxed as a regulated investment company The Fund has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. It has qualified as a regulated investment company for its most recent fiscal year, and intends to continue to qualify during the current fiscal year. As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. Failure to qualify as a regulated investment company, subject to savings provisions for certain qualification failures, which, in general, are limited to those due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, would thus have a negative impact on the Funds income and performance. In that case, the Fund would be liable for federal, and possibly state, corporate taxes on its taxable income and gains, and distributions to you would be taxed as dividend income to the extent of the Fund's earnings and profits. Even if such savings provisions apply, the Fund may be subject to a monetary sanction of $50,000 or more. Moreover, the board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company if it determines such a course of action to be beneficial to shareholders.
Capital loss carryovers The capital losses of the Fund, if any, do not flow through to shareholders. Rather, the Fund may use its capital losses, subject to applicable limitations, to offset its capital gains without being required to pay taxes on or distribute to shareholders such gains that are offset by the losses. If the Fund has a "net capital loss" (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains) for a taxable year beginning after December 22, 2010, the excess (if any) of the Fund's net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund's next taxable year, and the excess (if any) of the Fund's net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund's next taxable year. Any such net capital losses of the Fund that are not used to offset capital gains may be carried forward indefinitely to reduce any future capital gains realized by the Fund in succeeding taxable years. However, for any net capital losses realized in taxable years of the Fund beginning on or before December 22, 2010, the Fund is only permitted to carry forward such capital losses for eight years as a short-term capital loss. Under a transition rule, capital losses arising in a taxable year beginning after December 22, 2010 must be used before capital losses realized in a prior taxable year.
Excise tax distribution requirements
Required distributions. To avoid federal excise taxes, the Code requires the Fund to distribute to you by December 31 of each year, at a minimum, the following amounts:
The Fund intends to declare and pay these distributions in December (or to pay them in January, in which case you must treat them as received in December), but can give no assurances that its distributions will be sufficient to eliminate all taxes.
Tax reporting for income and excise tax years. Because the periods for measuring a regulated investment companys income are different for income (determined on a fiscal year basis) and excise tax years (determined as noted above), special rules are required to calculate the amount of income earned in each period, and the amount of earnings and profits needed to support that income. For example, if the Fund uses the excise tax period ending on October 31 as the measuring period for calculating and paying out capital gain net income and realizes a net capital loss between November 1 and the end of the Funds fiscal year, it will likely have insufficient earnings and profits for its taxable year to support its required excise tax distribution. Accordingly, the Fund is permitted to elect to treat part or all of any "qualified late-year loss" as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Funds taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such "qualified late-year loss" as if it had been incurred in the succeeding year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year. Because these rules are not entirely clear, the Fund may be required to interpret the "qualified late-year loss" and other rules relating to these different year-ends to determine its taxable income and capital gains. The Funds reporting of income and its allocation between different taxable and excise tax years may be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), possibly resulting in adjustments in the income reported by the Fund on its tax returns and/or by the Fund to you on your year-end tax statements.
Sales of Fund shares. Sales and exchanges of Fund shares are taxable transactions for federal and state income tax purposes. If you sell your Fund shares, or exchange them for shares of a different Franklin Templeton fund, the IRS requires you to report any gain or loss on your sale or exchange. If you owned your shares as a capital asset, any gain or loss that you realize is a capital gain or loss, and is long-term or short-term, depending on how long you owned your shares.
The conversion of shares of one class into another class of the same fund is not taxable for federal income tax purposes. Thus, the automatic conversion of Class B shares into Class A shares in the same Fund is not taxable for federal income tax purposes.
Sales at a loss within six months of purchase. Any loss incurred on the sale or exchange of Fund shares owned for six months or less is treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term capital gains distributed to you by the Fund on those shares.
Wash sales. All or a portion of any loss that you realize on the sale of your Fund shares is disallowed to the extent that you buy other shares in the Fund within 30 days before or after your sale. Any loss disallowed under these rules is added to your tax basis in the new shares.
Deferral of basis. In reporting gain or loss on the sale of your Fund shares, you may be required to adjust your basis in the shares you sell under the following circumstances:
IF:
THEN: In reporting any gain or loss on your sale, all or a portion of the sales charge that you paid for your original shares is excluded from your tax basis in the shares sold and added to your tax basis in the new shares. For taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010, this provision will only apply if the new shares are acquired by January 31 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the disposition of the original shares occurred.
Cost basis reporting. Under the provisions of the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008, the Funds administrative agent will be required to provide you cost basis information on the sale of your Fund shares, subject to certain exceptions. This new cost basis reporting requirement is effective for Fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012. Information about cost basis reporting for Franklin Templeton funds is available at franklintempleton.com (under the Funds Tax Information) or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236.
Tax certification and backup withholding Tax laws require that you certify your tax information when you become an investor in the Fund. For U.S. citizens and resident aliens, this certification is made on IRS Form W-9. Under these laws, you may be subject to federal backup withholding at 28%, and state backup withholding may also apply, on a portion of your taxable distributions and sales proceeds unless you:
The Fund must also withhold if the IRS instructs it to do so. When withholding is required, the amount will be 28% of any taxable distributions.
U.S. government securities The income earned on certain U.S. government securities is exempt from state and local personal income taxes if earned directly by you. States also grant tax-free status to mutual fund dividends paid to you from interest earned on these securities, subject in some states to minimum investment or reporting requirements that must be met by the Fund. The income on Fund investments in certain securities, such as repurchase agreements, commercial paper and federal agency-backed obligations (e.g., Ginnie Mae and Fannie Mae securities), generally does not qualify for tax-free treatment. The rules on exclusion of this income are different for corporations.
Qualified dividends For individual shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may be qualified dividend income eligible for taxation at the 15% long-term capital gain rate (0% for individuals in the 10% and 15% federal rate brackets).
Dividends earned on the following income sources will qualify for this treatment:
Dividends from corporations exempt from tax, passive foreign investment companies (PFICs), and dividends paid from interest earned by the Fund on debt securities generally will not qualify for this favorable tax treatment.
Both the Fund and you must meet certain holding period requirements to qualify Fund dividends for this treatment. Specifically, the Fund must hold the stock for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the stock becomes ex-dividend. Similarly, you must hold your Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the Fund distribution goes ex-dividend. The ex-dividend date is the first date following the declaration of a dividend on which the purchaser of stock is not entitled to receive the dividend payment. When counting the number of days you held your Fund shares, include the day you sold your shares but not the day you acquired these shares.
While the income received in the form of a qualified dividend is taxed at the same rates as long-term capital gains, such income will not be considered as a long-term capital gain for other federal income tax purposes. For example, you will not be allowed to offset your long-term capital losses against qualified dividend income on your federal income tax return. Any qualified dividend income that you elect to be taxed at these reduced rates also cannot be used as investment income in determining your allowable investment interest expense. For other limitations on the amount of or use of qualified dividend income on your income tax return, please contact your personal tax advisor.
Each year the Fund will report to shareholders the portion of its ordinary dividend income that meets the definition of qualified dividend income taxable at reduced rates. If 95% or more of the Funds income is from qualified sources, it will be allowed to report 100% of its ordinary income distributions as qualified dividend income. This rule may have the effect of converting small amounts of ordinary income or net short-term capital gains, that otherwise would be taxable as ordinary income, into qualified dividend income eligible for taxation at reduced rates.
Sunsetting of provisions. The special provisions dealing with qualified dividend income are scheduled to sunset for taxable years of the Fund beginning after December 31, 2012, unless extended or made permanent before that date. The reduced rates of taxation of long-term capital gains are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2012. If these reduced rates do sunset, the rules on taxation of capital gains that were in effect prior to the adoption of these reduced rates, including provisions for the taxation of five-year gains, will again be effective for 2013 and later years.
Dividends-received deduction for corporations For corporate shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may qualify for the dividends-received deduction. This deduction generally is available to corporations for dividends paid by a fund out of income earned on its investments in domestic corporations. Because the income of the Fund is derived at least in part from investments in domestic securities, it is anticipated that a portion or all of the dividends paid by the Fund will qualify for this deduction. You may be allowed to deduct these qualified dividends, thereby reducing the tax that you would otherwise be required to pay. All dividends (including the deducted portion) are included in your calculation of alternative minimum taxable income. If the portion of income qualifying for this deduction is quite small, the Fund reserves the right to not report to shareholders these dividends as qualifying for the corporate dividends-received deduction.
Investment in complex securities The Fund may invest in complex securities that could require it to adjust the amount, timing or tax character (ordinary or capital) of the income, gains and losses it recognizes on these investments. This, in turn, could affect the amount, timing and tax character of the Funds income and gains distributed to you.
Short selling and constructive sales. The Fund may enter into short sale transactions, including short sales against the box, and into various options, futures and forward contracts. The Fund's entry into one of these transactions or contracts could be treated as the "constructive sale" of an "appreciated financial position," causing the Fund to realize gain, but not loss, on the position.
Securities lending transactions. The Fund obtains additional income by lending its securities, typically to brokers. All amounts that are paid to the Fund in a securities lending transaction, including substitute dividend and interest payments, are treated as a "fee" for the temporary use of property. As a result, any substitute dividend payments received by the Fund are neither qualified dividend income eligible for taxation at reduced long-term capital gain rates in the case of individual shareholders nor eligible for the corporate dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders. Similarly, any substitute interest payments will not be qualified interest income exempt from U.S. withholding tax at source in the case of non-U.S. investors.
Tax straddles. If the Fund actively trades stock or otherwise acquires a position with respect to substantially similar or related property in connection with certain hedging transactions, it could be deemed to hold offsetting positions in securities. If the Funds risk of loss with respect to specific securities in its portfolio is substantially diminished by the fact that it holds offsetting securities, the Fund could be deemed to have entered into a tax straddle or to hold a successor position that would require any loss realized by it to be deferred for tax purposes.
Synthetic convertible securities. The Fund is permitted to invest in synthetic convertible securities, which are comprised of two distinct security components, for example, a nonconvertible fixed income security and warrants or stock or stock index call options. When combined, these investments achieve the same economic effect as an investment in a traditional convertible security: a desired income stream and the right to acquire shares of the underlying equity security. Even though these securities are economically equivalent to traditional convertible securities, each security forming part of such an investment is analyzed separately, and the tax consequences of an investment in the component parts of these securities could differ from those of an investment in a traditional convertible security.
Securities purchased at discount. The Fund is permitted to invest in securities issued or purchased at a discount, such as zero coupon, deferred interest or payment-in-kind (PIK) bonds, that could require it to accrue and distribute income not yet received. The Fund may also be able to invest in other debt obligations in or pending default. These obligations may not pay current interest, but may be subject to tax rules that require the Fund to currently accrue income for tax reporting, and then distribute that income to Fund shareholders to meet its fund qualification and excise tax distribution requirements. If it invests in these securities, the Fund could be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise might have continued to hold in order to generate sufficient cash to make these distributions.
Investment in taxable mortgage pools (excess inclusion Income). Under a Notice issued by the IRS, the Code and Treasury regulations to be issued, a portion of the Funds income from a U.S. REIT that is attributable to the REITs residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) or equity interests in a taxable mortgage pool (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will be subject to federal income tax in all events. The excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as a Fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related REMIC residual interest or, if applicable, taxable mortgage pool directly. In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on unrelated business income (UBTI), thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign stockholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. In addition, if at any time during any taxable year a disqualified organization (which generally includes certain cooperatives, governmental entities, and tax-exempt organizations not subject to UBTI) is a record holder of a share in a regulated investment company, then the regulated investment company will be subject to a tax equal to that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to the disqualified organization, multiplied by the highest federal income tax rate imposed on corporations. The Notice imposes certain reporting requirements upon regulated investment companies that have excess inclusion income. There can be no assurance that the Fund will not allocate to shareholders excess inclusion income.
These rules are potentially applicable to a fund with respect to any income it receives from the equity interests of certain mortgage pooling vehicles, either directly or, as is more likely, through an investment in a U.S. REIT. It is not anticipated that these rules will apply to a fund that has a non-REIT strategy.
State income taxes Some state tax codes adopt the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) through a certain date. In general, the California Revenue and Taxation Code currently conforms to the IRC as of January 1, 2009. As a result, such conforming states may not have adopted the version of the IRC that contains either the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, or other federal tax laws enacted after the applicable conformity date. Other states may have adopted an income or other basis of tax that differs from the IRC.
The information furnished by the Fund to shareholders and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) annually with respect to the amount and character of dividends paid, and records maintained by the Fund with respect to any corresponding adjustments to the cost basis of a shareholders Fund shares, will be prepared on the basis of current federal income tax law to comply with the information reporting requirements of the Code, and not on the basis of the law of any state in which a shareholder is resident or otherwise subject to tax. Under the current California Revenue and Taxation Code, certain funds are required to report federal tax information to the California Franchise Tax Board annually.
Accordingly, the amount and character of income, gain or loss realized by a shareholder with respect to his or her investment in Fund shares for state income tax purposes may differ from that for federal income tax purposes. Franklin Templeton Investments provides tax information on franklintempleton.com (under the Tax Center) regarding tax-exempt income by jurisdiction and U.S. government interest to assist shareholders with the preparation of their state income tax returns. Shareholders are solely responsible for determining the amount and character of income, gain or loss to report on their state income tax returns each year as a result of their purchase, holding and sale of Fund shares.
Non-U.S. investors Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax, and are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements.
In general. The United States imposes a flat 30% withholding tax (or a tax at a lower treaty rate) on U.S. source dividends. An exemption from this withholding tax is provided for capital gain dividends paid by the Fund from its net long-term capital gains. An exemption from withholding is also provided for short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends as described below, to the extent that these gains and dividends are paid with respect to taxable years of the Fund beginning before January 1, 2012. However, notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any taxable distributions and proceeds from the sale of your Fund shares will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person.
Capital gain distributions and short-term capital gain dividends. Dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as either (i) a distribution from net long-term capital gains (a capital gain dividend), or (ii) a distribution from net short-term capital gains (a short-term capital gain dividend) paid out of income earned within the Fund prior to the sunset date described above, other than long- or short-term capital gains realized on disposition of U.S. real property interests (see discussion below), are not subject to U.S. withholding tax unless you are a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the calendar year.
Interest-related dividends. Interest-related dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as paid from qualified net interest income earned prior to the sunset date described above are not subject to U.S. withholding tax. The Fund's qualified net interest income equals its qualified interest income less allocable expenses. "Qualified interest income" includes, in general, the sum of the Fund's U.S. source: i) bank deposit interest, ii) short-term original issue discount, iii) portfolio interest, and iv) any interest-related dividend passed through from another regulated investment company. On any payment date, the amount of an income dividend that is reported by the Fund as an interest-related dividend may be more or less than the amount that is so qualified. This is because the amount reported is based on an estimate of the Fund's qualified interest income for its entire fiscal year, which can only be determined with exactness at fiscal year end. As a consequence, the Fund may over withhold a small amount of U.S. tax from a dividend payment. In this case, the non-U.S. investor's only recourse may be to either forgo recovery of the excess withholding, or to file a United States nonresident income tax return to recover the excess withholding.
Limitations on tax reporting for interest-related dividends and short-term capital gains dividends for non-U.S. investors. It may not be practical in every case for the Fund to report to shareholders, and the Fund reserves the right in these cases to not report, small amounts of interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends. Additionally, the Fund's reporting of interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends may not, in turn, be passed through to shareholders by intermediaries who have assumed tax reporting responsibilities for this income in managed or omnibus accounts due to systems limitations or operational constraints. When the Fund has reported interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends, this information will be available online at franklintempleton.com, under the Funds Tax Information, or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236. If you are a shareholder of an institutional fund, you may obtain this information by calling Institutional Services at (800) 321-8563, or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236.
Effectively connected income. Income dividends paid by the Fund to non-U.S. investors on portfolio investments are generally subject to U.S. withholding tax at 30% or a lower treaty rate. However, if you hold your Fund shares in connection with a U.S. trade or business, your income and gains may be considered effectively connected income and taxed in the U.S. on a net basis at graduated income tax rates in which case you may be required to file a nonresident U.S. income tax return.
U.S. estate tax. As of the date of this Registration Statement, the U.S. federal estate tax has been reinstated. An individual who is a non-U.S. investor will be subject to U.S. federal estate tax on all or a portion of the value of Fund shares owned at the time of death, unless a treaty exemption applies between the country of residence of the non-U.S. investor and the U.S. Even if a treaty exemption is available, a decedents estate may nevertheless be required to file a U.S. estate tax return to claim the exemption, as well as to obtain a U.S. federal transfer certificate. The transfer certificate will identify the property (i.e., Fund shares) on which a U.S. federal tax lien has been released, and is required before the Fund can release a nonresident alien decedents investment in the Fund to his or her estate. For estates with U.S. situs assets of not more than $60,000 (there is a statutory estate tax credit for this amount of property), the Fund may accept, in lieu of a federal transfer certificate, an affidavit from the executor of the estate or other authorized individual evidencing that the U.S. situs assets (excluding any exempt assets as noted below) are at or below this threshold amount. Transfers by gift of shares of the Fund by a non-U.S. investor who is a nonresident alien individual will not be subject to U.S. federal gift tax. The tax consequences to a non-U.S. investor entitled to claim the benefits of a treaty between the country of residence of the non-U.S. investor and the U.S. may be different from the consequences described above. Non-U.S. investors should consult with their tax advisors on the estate tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.
For estates of decedents dying before January 1, 2012, the Code also provides for a partial exemption from U.S. estate tax for Fund shares held by an estate of a nonresident decedent. The amount treated as exempt is based on the proportion of the assets held by the Fund at the end of the quarter immediately preceding the decedents death that are treated as qualifying assets. In general, qualifying assets include U.S. bank deposits, U.S. debt obligations that pay portfolio interest and other property not within the United States.
Sunsetting of provisions. The provisions dealing with interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends that are discussed above are scheduled to sunset with respect to taxable years of the Fund ending on December 31, 2011 (calendar year Funds) or in 2012 (fiscal year Funds). The provisions creating a partial exemption from U.S. estate tax are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2011. Unless these rules are extended, or made permanent, non-U.S. investors will again be subject to nonresident withholding taxes on any ordinary dividends (including short-term capital gain dividends) that they receive, and will no longer be eligible for a reduction in their U.S. estate tax.
Tax certification and backup withholding as applied to non-U.S. investors. Non-U.S. investors have special U.S. tax certification requirements to avoid backup withholding (at a rate of 28%), and if applicable, to obtain the benefit of any income tax treaty between the non-U.S. investor's country of residence and the United States. To claim these tax benefits, the non-U.S. investor must provide a properly completed Form W-8BEN (or other Form W-8, where applicable, or their substitute forms) to establish his or her status as a non-U.S. investor, to claim beneficial ownership over the assets in the account, and to claim, if applicable, a reduced rate of or exemption from withholding tax under the applicable treaty. A Form W-8BEN provided without a U.S. taxpayer identification number remains in effect for a period of three years beginning on the date that it is signed and ending on the last day of the third succeeding calendar year. However, non-U.S. investors must advise the Fund of any changes of circumstances that would render the information given on the form incorrect, and must then provide a new W-8BEN to avoid the prospective application of backup withholding. Forms W-8BEN with U.S. taxpayer identification numbers remain valid indefinitely, or until the investor has a change of circumstances that renders the form incorrect and necessitates a new form and tax certification.
Investment in U.S. real property. The Fund may invest in equity securities of corporations that invest in U.S. real property, including U.S. real estate investment trusts (REITs). The sale of a U.S. real property interest (USRPI) by the Fund or by a U.S. REIT or U.S. real property holding corporation (USRPHC) in which the Fund invests may trigger special tax consequences to the Funds non-U.S. shareholders. A USRPHC is a U.S. corporation that invests more than 50% of its assets in U.S. real estate.
The Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (FIRPTA) makes non-U.S. persons subject to U.S. tax on disposition of a USRPI as if he or she were a U.S. person. Such gain is sometimes referred to as FIRPTA gain. A Funds investment in USRPI, including U.S. REITs, may trigger FIRPTA gain to the Funds non-U.S. investors on certain distributions from the Fund and on the sale or exchange of Fund shares.
Under a look-through rule, the Code treats distributions by a regulated investment company (RIC) received from a U.S. REIT or another RIC classified as a USRPHC or realized by the RIC on a sale of a USRPI (other than a domestically controlled U.S.-REIT or RIC that is classified as a qualified investment entity) as FIRPTA gain if all of the following requirements are met:
If these conditions are met, such Fund distributions to you are treated as gain from the disposition of a USRPI, causing the distributions to be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a rate of 35% (or, to the extent provided in future regulations, 20% in the case of taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010), and requiring that you file a nonresident U.S. income tax return. Even if you do not own more than 5% of a class of Fund shares, but the Fund is a qualified investment entity, such Fund distributions to you will be taxable as ordinary dividends rather than as a capital gain dividend (a distribution of long-term capital gains) or a short-term capital gain dividend subject to withholding at the 30% or lower treaty withholding rate.
These rules apply to dividends paid by a Fund before January 1, 2012 (unless such sunset date is extended or made permanent), except that after such sunset date, Fund distributions from a U.S.-REIT (whether or not domestically controlled) attributable to FIRPTA gain will continue to be subject to the withholding rules described above provided the Fund would otherwise be classified as a qualified investment entity.
Additionally, if the Fund is a USRPHC and is not domestically controlled, any gain realized on the sale or exchange of Fund shares by a non-U.S. investor that owns more than 5% of a class of Fund shares would be taxed as income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. The Fund will be a USRPHC if, in general, 50% or more of the fair market value of its assets consists of USRPI. For purposes of determining whether the Fund is a USRPHC, shares of U.S. REITs controlled by U.S. persons and holdings of 5% or less in the stock of publicly traded USRPHCs are not considered USRPI. After December 31, 2011 (unless such sunset date is extended or made permanent), a more than 5% non-U.S. shareholder of the Fund may no longer rely on the fact that the Fund is domestically controlled in order to exclude gain on the sale or exchange of Fund shares if the Fund is otherwise considered a USRPHC.
Because the Fund expects to invest less than 50% of its assets at all times, directly or indirectly, in U.S. real property interests, it expects that neither gain on the sale or redemption of Fund shares nor Fund dividends and distributions should be subject to FIRPTA reporting and tax withholding.
Other Tax Information This discussion of Distributions and Taxes is not written to provide you with tax advice, and does not purport to deal with all of the tax consequences that may be applicable to your investment in the Fund. You should consult your tax advisor regarding your particular circumstances before making an investment in the Fund, or about the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.
Organization, Voting Rights and Principal Holders
Each Fund is a diversified series of Franklin Strategic Series (Trust), an open-end management investment company, commonly called a mutual fund. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust (a form of entity formerly known as a business trust) on January 25, 1991, and is registered with the SEC.
The Flex Cap Growth Fund, Growth Opportunities Fund, Small Cap Growth Fund and Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund currently offer five classes of shares, Class A, Class B, Class C, Class R and Advisor Class. The Focused Core Equity Fund currently offers four classes of shares, Class A, Class C, Class R and Advisor Class. New or additional investments into Class B are no longer permitted. Existing shareholders of Class B shares may continue as Class B shareholders, continue to reinvest dividends into Class B shares and exchange their Class B shares for Class B shares of other Franklin Templeton funds as permitted by the current exchange privileges. Each Fund may offer additional classes of shares in the future. The full title of each class of the Fund is:
Shares of each class represent proportionate interests in the Fund's assets. On matters that affect the Fund as a whole, each class has the same voting and other rights and preferences as any other class. On matters that affect only one class, only shareholders of that class may vote. Each class votes separately on matters affecting only that class, or expressly required to be voted on separately by state or federal law. Shares of each class of a series have the same voting and other rights and preferences as the other classes and series of the Trust for matters that affect the Trust as a whole. Additional series may be offered in the future.
The Trust has noncumulative voting rights. For board member elections, this gives holders of more than 50% of the shares voting the ability to elect all of the members of the board. If this happens, holders of the remaining shares voting will not be able to elect anyone to the board.
The Trust does not intend to hold annual shareholder meetings. The Trust or a series of the Trust may hold special meetings, however, for matters requiring shareholder approval.
As of August 1, 2011, the principal shareholders of the Fund, beneficial or of record, were:
Name and Address | Share Class |
Percentage
(%) |
Flex Cap Fund | ||
Amercian United Life Insurance Company
Group Retirement Annuity P.O. Box 1995 Indianapolis, IN 46206-9102 |
R | 9.91 |
DCGT as Trustee and/or Custodian
FBO Principal Financial Group 711 High Street Des Moines, IA 50303 |
R | 9.07 |
Moderate Allocation Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series 960 Park Place, 4th Floor San Mateo, CA 94403-1907 |
Advisor | 21.43 |
Growth Allocation Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series 3344 Quality Dr. Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 14.28 |
Conservative Allocation Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator 960 Park Place 4th Floor San Mateo, CA 94403-1907 |
Advisor | 9.37 |
Age Newborn-8 Years
Franklin Templeton 529 College Savings Plan 300 S.E. 2nd Street Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301-1923 |
Advisor | 11.30 |
Age 9-12 Years
Franklin Templeton 529 College Savings Plan 300 S.E. 2nd Street Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301-1923 |
Advisor | 5.47 |
Franklin Templeton Corefolio Allocation Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series 300 S.E. 2nd Street Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301-1923 |
Advisor | 14.76 |
Focused Core Equity Fund | ||
Franklin Advisers, Inc.
One Franklin Parkway San Mateo, CA 94403-1906 |
A | 33.27 |
Franklin Templeton Bank & Trust Custodian for the
Rollover IRA of Kevin J. Ashley 2673 Carolina Avenue Redwood City, CA 94061-3242 |
A | 8.47 |
Franklin Templeton Bank and Trust
FBO Rebecca S. Wagner 2631 Spring Valley Rd. Lancaster, PA 17601-1919 |
R | 28.49 |
Franklin Templeton Bank and Trust
Custodian for the 403B of Roman Catholic Diocese of Burlington Vermont FBO Kevin P. Scully 201Staniford Road Burlington, VT 05408-5715 |
R | 16.11 |
Franklin Templeton Bank and Trust
Custodian for the 403B of Roman Catholic Diocese of Burlington Vermont FBO Lawrence P. Ridgley P.O. Box 225 Gaysville, VT 05746-0225 |
R | 5.69 |
Franklin Templeton Bank and Trust
Custodian for the ERISA 403B of Youth and Family Alternatives Inc. FBO George M Magrill 1017 Lake Charles Circle Lutz, FL 33548-4714 |
R | 32.14 |
Franklin Templeton Bank and Trust
Custodian for the 403B of Roman Catholic Diocese of Burlington Vermont FBO David B. Estes 53 Cyr Court Bennington, VT 05201-2678 |
R | 6.49 |
Perks Family Living Trust
Edward D. Perks or Maggie P. Perks Trustee 227 West Bellevue Avenue San Mateo, CA 94402-1101 |
Advisor | 28.68 |
Anne and Edward Jamieson Rev Trust
Edward B. Jamieson and Anne K. Jamieson Trustee 570 Hayne Road Hillsborough, CA 94010-6829 |
Advisor | 21.26 |
Bradley N. Hanson
2644 San Pasqual Street Pasadena, CA 91107-5213 |
Advisor | 17.23 |
Serena A. N. Perin
2060 Amherst St. Palo Alto, CA 94306-1202 |
Advisor | 5.50 |
Growth Opportunities Fund | ||
State Street Bank TRSTE
FBO ADP Access 1 Lincoln Street Boston, MA 02111-2901 |
R | 27.09 |
EMJAY Corporation Custodian
FBO Plans of RPSA Customers 8515 E. Orchard Rd. 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002 |
R | 9.04 |
Conservative Allocation Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series 3344 Quality Drive Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 12.92 |
Moderate Allocation Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series 3344 Quality Drive Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 29.29 |
Growth Allocation Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series 3344 Quality Drive Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 20.59 |
Small Cap Fund | ||
Delaware Charter Guarantee Trust
711 High Street Des Moines, IA 50303 |
R | 24.58 |
Capital Bank Trust Company Trustee
Engineering Consulting Services 401k Plan 8515 East Orchard Road, 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002 |
R | 22.94 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund | ||
John Hancock Life Insurance Company
601 Congress Street Boston, MA 02210-2804 |
A | 6.98 |
ING Insurance & Annuity Company
1 Orange Way B3N Windsor, CT 06095-4773 |
R | 8.68 |
AMFO and Company
P.O. Box 419692 Kansas City, MO 64141-6692 |
R | 9.93 |
Age Newborn-8 Years
Franklin Templeton 529 College Savings Plan 300 S.E. 2nd Street Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301-1923 |
Advisor | 15.37 |
Age 9-12 Years
Franklin Templeton 529 College Savings Plan 300 S.E. 2nd Street Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301-1923 |
Advisor | 7.67 |
Age 13-16 Years
Franklin Templeton 529 College Savings Plan 300 S.E. 2nd Street Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301-1923 |
Advisor | 5.76 |
Note: Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr., who are officers and/ or trustees of the Trust, may be considered beneficial holders of the Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund shares held by Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers). Franklin Advisers, Inc. is a California corporation and is wholly owned by Franklin Resources, Inc. (Resources). As principal shareholders of Resources they may be able to control the voting of Advisers' shares of the Fund.
From time to time, the number of Fund shares held in the "street name" accounts of various securities dealers for the benefit of their clients or in centralized securities depositories may exceed 5% of the total shares outstanding.
As of August 1, 2011, the officers and board members, as a group, owned of record and beneficially 26.01% of the Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund - Advisor Class,1.31% of the Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund - Advisor Class and less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the other Funds and classes. The board members may own shares in other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments.The Fund continuously offers its shares through securities dealers who have an agreement with Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors). A securities dealer includes any financial institution that, either directly or through affiliates, has an agreement with Distributors to handle customer orders and accounts with the Fund. This reference is for convenience only and does not indicate a legal conclusion of capacity. Banks and financial institutions that sell shares of the Fund may be required by state law to register as securities dealers. If you buy or sell shares through your securities dealer, you may be charged a transaction processing fee by your securities dealer. Your securities dealer will provide you with specific information about any transaction processing fees you will be charged.
For investors outside the U.S., the offering of Fund shares may be limited in many jurisdictions. An investor who wishes to buy shares of the Fund should determine, or have a broker-dealer determine, the applicable laws and regulations of the relevant jurisdiction. Investors are responsible for compliance with tax, currency exchange or other regulations applicable to redemption and purchase transactions in any jurisdiction to which they may be subject. Investors should consult appropriate tax and legal advisors to obtain information on the rules applicable to these transactions.
All checks, drafts, wires and other payment mediums used to buy or sell shares of the Fund must be denominated in U.S. dollars. We may, in our sole discretion, either (a) reject any order to buy or sell shares denominated in any other currency or (b) honor the transaction or make adjustments to your account for the transaction as of a date and with a foreign currency exchange factor determined by the drawee bank. We may deduct any applicable banking charges imposed by the bank from your account.
When you buy shares, if you submit a check or a draft that is returned unpaid to the Fund we may impose a $10 charge against your account for each returned item.
If you buy shares through the reinvestment of dividends, the shares will be purchased at the net asset value determined on the business day following the dividend record date (sometimes known as the "ex-dividend date"). The processing date for the reinvestment of dividends may vary and does not affect the amount or value of the shares acquired.
Investment by asset allocators The Fund permits investment in the Fund by asset allocators (Asset Allocators) who represent underlying clients that have granted a power of attorney to the Asset Allocators to invest on their behalf. The Asset Allocators typically make asset allocation decisions across similarly situated underlying accounts that are invested in the Fund. As a result of adjustments in such asset allocation decisions, the Fund may experience relatively large purchases and redemptions when the Asset Allocators implement their asset allocation adjustment decisions. In such circumstances, the Fund may nevertheless restrict or reject trading activity by Asset Allocators in accordance with the Frequent Trading Policy of the Fund as set forth in the Funds Prospectus. Neither the Fund, nor its investment manager nor any other affiliated party receives any compensation or other consideration in return for permitting Fund investments by Asset Allocators.
Initial sales charges The maximum initial sales charge is 5.75% for Class A. There is no initial sales charge for Class C, Class R and Advisor Class.
The initial sales charge for Class A shares may be reduced for certain large purchases, as described in the prospectus. We offer several ways for you to combine your purchases in Franklin Templeton funds to take advantage of the lower sales charges for large purchases.
Letter of intent (LOI). You may buy Class A shares at a reduced sales charge by completing the LOI section of your account application. An LOI is a commitment by you to invest a specified dollar amount during a 13-month period. The amount you agree to invest determines the sales charge you pay. By completing the LOI section of the application, you acknowledge and agree to the following:
After you file your LOI with the Fund, you may buy Class A shares at the sales charge applicable to the amount specified in your LOI. Sales charge reductions based on purchases in more than one Franklin Templeton fund will be effective only after notification to Distributors that the investment qualifies for a discount. If you file your LOI with the Fund before a change in the Fund's sales charge, you may complete the LOI at the lower of the new sales charge or the sales charge in effect when the LOI was filed.
Your holdings in Franklin Templeton funds acquired before you filed your LOI will be counted towards the completion of the LOI.
If the terms of your LOI are met, the reserved shares will be deposited to an account in your name or delivered to you or as you direct.
If the amount of your total purchases is less than the amount specified in your LOI, the sales charge will be adjusted upward, depending on the actual amount purchased during the period. You will need to send Distributors an amount equal to the difference in the actual dollar amount of sales charge paid and the amount of sales charge that would have applied to the total purchases if the total of the purchases had been made at one time. Upon payment of this amount, the reserved shares held for your account will be deposited to an account in your name or delivered to you or as you direct. If within 20 days after written request the difference in sales charge is not paid, we will redeem an appropriate number of reserved shares to realize the difference. If you redeem the total amount in your account before you fulfill your LOI, we will deduct the additional sales charge due from the sale proceeds and forward the balance to you.
For LOIs filed on behalf of certain retirement plans, the level and any reduction in sales charge for these plans will be based on actual plan participation and the projected investments in Franklin Templeton funds under the LOI. These plans are not subject to the requirement to reserve 5% of the total intended purchase or to the policy on upward adjustments in sales charges described above, or to any penalty as a result of the early termination of a plan.
Waivers for investments from certain payments. Class A shares may be purchased without an initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) by investors who reinvest within 90 days:
Waivers for certain investors. The following investors or investments may qualify to buy Class A shares without an initial sales charge or CDSC due to anticipated economies in sales efforts and expenses, including:
Class C shares of Flex Cap Fund and Small-Mid Cap Fund may be purchased without limit or CDSC by the Franklin Templeton Charitable Giving Fund.
Retirement plans. Provided that Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC is notified, Class A shares at NAV are available for:
A "Qualified Retirement Plan" is an employer sponsored pension or profit sharing plan that qualifies under section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, including 401(k), money purchase pension, profit sharing and defined benefit plans.
An "Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan" is a Qualified Retirement Plan, ERISA covered 403(b) and certain non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that operate in a similar manner to a Qualified Retirement Plan, such as 457 plans and executive deferred compensation arrangements, but not including employer sponsored IRAs.
A "Former DCS Plan" is an Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan that transferred participant level recordkeeping from the DCS Division of Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC to Great-West Retirement Services ® (GWRS) on November 2, 2007 and is a recordkeeping client of GWRS at the time of the rollover.
Sales in Taiwan. Under agreements with certain banks in Taiwan, Republic of China, the Fund's shares are available to these banks' trust accounts without a sales charge. The banks may charge service fees to their customers who participate in the trusts. A portion of these service fees may be paid to Distributors or one of its affiliates to help defray expenses of maintaining a service office in Taiwan, including expenses related to local literature fulfillment and communication facilities.
The Fund's Class A shares may be offered to investors in Taiwan through securities advisory firms known locally as Securities Investment Consulting Enterprises. In conformity with local business practices in Taiwan, Class A shares may be offered with the following schedule of sales charges:
Dealer and financial intermediary compensation Securities dealers may at times receive the entire sales charge. A securities dealer who receives 90% or more of the sales charge may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Financial institutions or their affiliated brokers may receive an agency transaction fee in the percentages indicated in the dealer compensation table in the Fund's prospectus.
Distributors may pay the following commissions to securities dealers who initiate and are responsible for purchases of Class A shares of $1 million or more: 1% (for funds with a maximum initial sales charge of 5.75%) and 0.75% (for funds with a maximum initial sales charge less than 5.75%) on sales of $1 million or more but less than $4 million, plus 0.50% on sales of $4 million or more but less than $50 million, plus 0.25% on sales of $50 million or more. Consistent with the provisions and limitations set forth in its Class A Rule 12b-1 distribution plan, the Fund may reimburse Distributors for the cost of these commission payments.
These payments may be made in the form of contingent advance payments, which may be recovered from the securities dealer or set off against other payments due to the dealer if shares are sold within 18 months of the calendar month of purchase. Other conditions may apply. Other terms and conditions may be imposed by an agreement between Distributors, or one of its affiliates, and the securities dealer.
In addition to the sales charge payments described above and the distribution and service (12b-1) fees described below under "The Underwriter - Distribution and service (12b-1) fees," Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates may make the following additional payments to securities dealers that sell shares of Franklin Templeton funds:
Marketing support payments. Distributors may make payments to certain dealers who are holders or dealers of record for accounts in one or more of the Franklin Templeton funds. A dealer's marketing support services may include business planning assistance, advertising, educating dealer personnel about the Franklin Templeton funds and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on the dealer's list of offered funds, and access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the dealer. Distributors compensates dealers differently depending upon, among other factors, sales and assets levels, redemption rates and the level and/or type of marketing and educational activities provided by the dealer. Such compensation may include financial assistance to dealers that enable Distributors to participate in and/or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events and other dealer-sponsored events. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine whether to continue such payments. In the case of any one dealer, marketing support payments will not exceed the sum of 0.08% of that dealer's current year's total sales of Franklin Templeton mutual funds and 0.05% (or 0.03%) of the total assets respectively, of equity or fixed income funds attributable to that dealer, on an annual basis.
Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates may also make marketing support payments to financial intermediaries in connection with their activities that are intended to assist in the sale of shares of Franklin Templeton funds, directly or indirectly, to certain Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans that have retained such financial intermediaries as plan service providers. Payments may be made on account of activities that may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: business planning assistance for financial intermediary personnel, educating financial intermediary personnel about the Franklin Templeton funds, access to sales meetings, sales representatives, wholesalers, and management representatives of the financial intermediary, and detailed sales reporting. A financial intermediary may perform the services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform the services. In the case of any one financial intermediary, such payments will not exceed 0.10% of the total assets of Franklin Templeton equity or fixed income mutual funds held, directly or indirectly, by such Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, on an annual basis. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine whether to continue such payments. Any current year sales to, or assets held on behalf of, Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans for which payment is made to a financial intermediary pursuant to this paragraph will be excluded from the calculation of marketing support payments pursuant to the preceding paragraph.
Consistent with the provisions and limitations set forth in its Rule 12b-1 distribution plans, the Fund may reimburse Distributors for the cost of a portion of these marketing support payments.
Marketing support payments may be in addition to any servicing fees paid by Investor Services and reimbursed by the Fund, as described further under Shareholder servicing and transfer agent above.
As noted below, Distributors may provide additional compensation to dealers and financial intermediaries, including dealers and financial intermediaries not listed below, related to transaction support and various dealer-sponsored events intended to educate financial advisers and their clients about the Franklin Templeton funds. The following is a list of FINRA member broker-dealers and financial intermediaries (including their respective affiliates) that Distributors anticipates will receive marketing support payments as of March 31, 2011. In addition to member firms of FINRA, Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates also makes marketing support and/or administrative services payments to certain other financial intermediaries that sell fund shares or provide services to Franklin Templeton funds and shareholders, such as banks, insurance companies, and plan administrators. These firms are not included in this list. You should ask your financial intermediary if it receives such payments.
ADP Retirement Services, American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc., American United Life Insurance Company, Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc., Ascensus, Inc., AXA Advisors, LLC, BBVA Compass Investment Solutions, Inc., Benjamin F. Edwards & Company, Inc., Cadaret Grant & Co., Inc., Cambridge Investment Research Inc., CCO Investment Services Corp., Chase Investment Services Corp., Commonwealth Financial Network, CPI Qualified Plan Consultants, Inc., CUNA Brokerage Services, Inc., CUSO Financial Services, L.P., Daily Access Corporation, Diversified Investment Advisors, Edward Jones, ExpertPlan, Inc., Fidelity Investments Institutional Services Company, Inc., Fifth Third Securities, Inc., Financial Network Investment Corporation, First Command Financial Planning, Inc., FSC Securities Corporation, Goldman, Sachs & Co., Great-West Retirement Services, Hartford Life, IFC Holdings, Inc. D/B/A INVEST Financial Corporation, ING Financial Partners, Inc., ING Institutional Plan Services, LLP, Investment Centers of America, Inc., J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc., Janney Montgomery Scott, LLC, John Hancock Distributors, LLC, Legend Equities Corporation, Lincoln Financial Advisors Corporation, Lincoln Financial Securities Corporation, Lincoln Investment Planning, Inc., Lincoln Retirement Services Company, LLC, LPL Financial Corporation, M&T Securities, Inc., Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, LLC, Multi-Financial Securities Corporation, National Planning Corporation, New York Life Retirement Plan Services, Newport Retirement Services, Inc., Northwestern Mutual Investment Services, LLC, PFS Investments, Inc., Pinellas County Schools, PNC Investments, LLC, PrimeVest Financial Services, Inc., Principal Financial Group, Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services, Inc., RBC Capital Markets Corporation, Richard D. Schubert, Inc., Robert W. Baird & Co., Inc., Royal Alliance Associates, Inc., SagePoint Financial, Inc., Securities America, Inc., Signator Investors, Inc., SII Investments, Inc., Sorrento Pacific Financial, LLC, Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, SunTrust Investment Services, Inc., TFS Securities, Inc., The Huntington Investment Company, The Investment Center, Inc., TIAA-CREF Individual & Institutional Services, LLC, Transamerica Advisors Life Insurance Company, UBS Financial Services, Inc., UBS Global Asset Management (US) Inc., UnionBanc Investment Services, LLC, U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc., USI Consulting Group, UVEST Financial Services Group, Inc. and Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC.
Marketing support payments made to organizations located outside the U.S., with respect to investments in the Fund by non-U.S. persons, may exceed the above-stated limitation.
Transaction support payments. The types of payments that Distributors may make under this category include, among others, payment of ticket charges of up to $20 per purchase or exchange order placed by a dealer or one time payments for ancillary services such as setting up funds on a dealer's mutual fund trading system.
Other payments. From time to time, Distributors, at its expense, may make additional payments to dealers that sell or arrange for the sale of shares of the Fund. Such compensation may include financial assistance to dealers that enable Distributors to participate in and/or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events, co-operative advertising, newsletters, and other dealer-sponsored events. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event, and can include travel expenses, such as lodging incurred by registered representatives and other employees in connection with training and educational meetings, client prospecting and due diligence trips.
Distributors routinely sponsors due diligence meetings for registered representatives during which they receive updates on various Franklin Templeton funds and are afforded the opportunity to speak with portfolio managers. Invitation to these meetings is not conditioned on selling a specific number of shares. Those who have shown an interest in Franklin Templeton funds, however, are more likely to be considered. To the extent permitted by their firm's policies and procedures, registered representatives' expenses in attending these meetings may be covered by Distributors.
Other compensation may be offered to the extent not prohibited by federal or state laws or any self-regulatory agency, such as FINRA. Distributors makes payments for events it deems appropriate, subject to Distributors' guidelines and applicable law.
You should ask your dealer for information about any payments it receives from Distributors and any services provided.
Contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) - Class A, B and C If you invest any amount in Class C shares or $1 million or more in Class A shares, either as a lump sum or through our cumulative quantity discount or letter of intent programs, a CDSC may apply on any Class A shares you sell within 18 months and any Class C shares you sell within 12 months of purchase. The CDSC is 1% of the value of the shares sold or the net asset value at the time of purchase, whichever is less.
For Class B shares, there is a CDSC if you sell your shares within six years, as described in the table below. The charge is based on the value of the shares sold or the net asset value at the time of purchase, whichever is less.
if you sell your Class B shares within
this many years after buying them |
this % is deducted from
your proceeds as a CDSC |
1 Year | 4 |
2 Years | 4 |
3 Years | 3 |
4 Years | 3 |
5 Years | 2 |
6 Years | 1 |
7 Years | 0 |
CDSC waivers. The CDSC for any share class generally will be waived for:
Exchange privilege If you request the exchange of the total value of your account, declared but unpaid income dividends and capital gain distributions will be reinvested in the Fund and exchanged into the new fund at net asset value when paid. Backup withholding and information reporting may apply.
If a substantial number of shareholders should, within a short period, sell their Fund shares under the exchange privilege, the Fund might have to sell portfolio securities it might otherwise hold and incur the additional costs related to such transactions. On the other hand, increased use of the exchange privilege may result in periodic large inflows of money. If this occurs, it is the Fund's general policy to initially invest this money in short-term, interest-bearing money market instruments, unless it is believed that attractive investment opportunities consistent with the Fund's investment goals exist immediately. This money will then be withdrawn from the short-term, interest-bearing money market instruments and invested in portfolio securities in as orderly a manner as is possible when attractive investment opportunities arise.
The proceeds from the sale of shares of an investment company generally are not available until the seventh day following the sale. The funds you are seeking to exchange into may delay issuing shares pursuant to an exchange until that seventh day. The sale of Fund shares to complete an exchange will be effected at net asset value at the close of business on the day the request for exchange is received in proper form.
In certain comprehensive fee or advisory programs that hold Class A shares, at the discretion of the financial intermediary, you may exchange to Advisor Class shares or Class Z shares.
Class C shares of a Fund may be exchanged for Advisor Class or Class Z shares of the same Fund, if offered by the Fund, provided you meet the Funds eligibility requirements for purchasing Advisor Class or Class Z shares. The Class C shares that you wish to exchange must not currently be subject to any CDSC.
Systematic withdrawal plan Our systematic withdrawal plan allows you to sell your shares and receive regular payments from your account on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual basis. The value of your account must be at least $5,000 and the minimum payment amount for each withdrawal must be at least $50. For retirement plans subject to mandatory distribution requirements, the $50 minimum will not apply. There are no service charges for establishing or maintaining a systematic withdrawal plan.
Each month in which a payment is scheduled, we will redeem an equivalent amount of shares in your account on the day of the month you have indicated on your account application or, if no day is indicated, on the 20th day of the month. If that day falls on a weekend or holiday, we will process the redemption on the next business day. For plans set up before June 1, 2000, we will continue to process redemptions on the 25th day of the month (or the next business day) unless you instruct us to change the processing date. Available processing dates currently are the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th days of the month. When you sell your shares under a systematic withdrawal plan, it is a taxable transaction.
To avoid paying sales charges on money you plan to withdraw within a short period of time, you may not want to set up a systematic withdrawal plan if you plan to buy shares on a regular basis. Shares sold under the plan also may be subject to a CDSC.
Redeeming shares through a systematic withdrawal plan may reduce or exhaust the shares in your account if payments exceed distributions received from the Fund. This is especially likely to occur if there is a market decline. If a withdrawal amount exceeds the value of your account, your account will be closed and the remaining balance in your account will be sent to you. Because the amount withdrawn under the plan may be more than your actual yield or income, part of the payment may be a return of your investment.
To discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan, change the amount and schedule of withdrawal payments, or suspend one payment, we must receive instructions from you at least three business days before a scheduled payment. The Fund may discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan by notifying you in writing and will discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan automatically if all shares in your account are withdrawn, if the Fund receives notification of the shareholder's death or incapacity, or if mail is returned to the Fund marked unable to forward by the postal service.
Redemptions in kind The Fund has committed itself to pay in cash (by check) all requests for redemption by any shareholder of record, limited in amount, however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the value of the Fund's net assets at the beginning of the 90-day period. This commitment is irrevocable without the prior approval of the SEC. In the case of redemption requests in excess of these amounts, the board reserves the right to make payments in whole or in part in securities or other assets of the Fund, in case of an emergency, or if the payment of such a redemption in cash would be detrimental to the existing shareholders of the Fund. In these circumstances, the securities distributed would be valued at the price used to compute the Fund's net assets and you may incur brokerage fees in converting the securities to cash. The Fund does not intend to redeem illiquid securities in kind. If this happens, however, you may not be able to recover your investment in a timely manner.
Share certificates We will credit your shares to your Fund account. We do not issue share certificates unless you specifically request them. This eliminates the costly problem of replacing lost, stolen or destroyed certificates. If a certificate is lost, stolen or destroyed, you may have to pay an insurance premium of up to 2% of the value of the certificate to replace it.
Any outstanding share certificates must be returned to the Fund if you want to sell or exchange those shares or if you would like to start a systematic withdrawal plan. The certificates should be properly endorsed. You can do this either by signing the back of the certificate or by completing a share assignment form. For your protection, you may prefer to complete a share assignment form and to send the certificate and assignment form in separate envelopes.
General information If dividend checks are returned to the Fund marked "unable to forward" by the postal service, we will consider this a request by you to change your dividend option to reinvest all distributions. The proceeds will be reinvested in additional shares at net asset value until we receive new instructions.
Distribution or redemption checks sent to you do not earn interest or any other income during the time the checks remain uncashed. Neither the Fund nor its affiliates will be liable for any loss caused by your failure to cash such checks. The Fund is not responsible for tracking down uncashed checks, unless a check is returned as undeliverable.
In most cases, if mail is returned as undeliverable we are required to take certain steps to try to find you free of charge. If these attempts are unsuccessful, however, we may deduct the costs of any additional efforts to find you from your account. These costs may include a percentage of the account when a search company charges a percentage fee in exchange for its location services.
Sending redemption proceeds by wire or electronic funds transfer (ACH) is a special service that we make available whenever possible. By offering this service to you, the Fund is not bound to meet any redemption request in less than the seven-day period prescribed by law. Neither the Fund nor its agents shall be liable to you or any other person if, for any reason, a redemption request by wire or ACH is not processed as described in the prospectus.
There are special procedures for banks and other institutions that wish to open multiple accounts. An institution may open a single master account by filing one application form with the Fund, signed by personnel authorized to act for the institution. Individual sub-accounts may be opened when the master account is opened by listing them on the application, or by providing instructions to the Fund at a later date. These sub-accounts may be registered either by name or number. The Fund's investment minimums apply to each sub-account. The Fund will send confirmation and account statements for the sub-accounts to the institution.
If you buy or sell shares through your securities dealer, we use the net asset value next calculated after your securities dealer receives your request, which is promptly transmitted to the Fund. If you sell shares through your securities dealer, it is your dealer's responsibility to transmit the order to the Fund in a timely fashion. Your redemption proceeds will not earn interest between the time we receive the order from your dealer and the time we receive any required documents. Any loss to you resulting from your dealer's failure to transmit your redemption order to the Fund in a timely fashion must be settled between you and your securities dealer.
Certain shareholder servicing agents may be authorized to accept your transaction request.
For institutional and bank trust accounts, there may be additional methods of buying or selling Fund shares than those described in this SAI or in the prospectus. Institutional and bank trust accounts include accounts opened by or in the name of a person (includes a legal entity or an individual) that has signed an Institutional Account Application or Bank Trust Account Application accepted by Franklin Templeton Institutional, LLC or entered into a selling agreement and/or servicing agreement with Distributors or Investor Services. For example, the Fund permits the owner of an institutional account to make a same day wire purchase if a good order purchase request is received (a) before the close of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or (b) through the National Securities Clearing Corporations automated system for processing purchase orders (Fund/SERV), even though funds are delivered by wire after the close of the NYSE. If funds to be wired are not received as scheduled, the purchase order may be cancelled or reversed and the institutional account owner could be liable for any losses or fees the Fund, Distributors and/or Investor Services may incur.
In the event of disputes involving conflicting claims of ownership or authority to control your shares, the Fund has the right (but has no obligation) to: (i) restrict the shares and require the written agreement of all persons deemed by the Fund to have a potential interest in the shares before executing instructions regarding the shares; or (ii) interplead disputed shares or the proceeds from the court-ordered sale thereof with a court of competent jurisdiction.
Should the Fund be required to defend against joint or multiple shareholders in any action relating to an ownership dispute, you expressly grant the Fund the right to obtain reimbursement for costs and expenses including, but not limited to, attorneys fees and court costs, by unilaterally redeeming shares from your account.
The Fund may be required (i) pursuant to a validly issued levy, to turn your shares over to a levying officer who may, in turn, sell your shares at a public sale; or (ii) pursuant to a final order of forfeiture to sell your shares and remit the proceeds to the U.S. or state government as directed.
Using good faith efforts, the investment manager attempts to identify class action litigation settlements and regulatory or governmental recovery funds involving securities presently or formerly held by the Fund or issuers of such securities or related parties (Claims) in which the Fund may be eligible to participate. When such Claims are identified, the investment manager will cause the Fund to file proofs of claim. Currently, such Claim opportunities predominate in the U.S. and in Canada; the investment managers efforts are therefore focused on Claim opportunities in those jurisdictions. The investment manager may learn of such class action lawsuit or victim fund recovery opportunities in jurisdictions outside of North America (Foreign Actions), in which case the investment manager has complete discretion to determine, on a case-by-case basis, whether to cause the Fund to file proofs of claim in such Foreign Actions. In addition, the investment manager may participate in bankruptcy proceedings relating to securities held by the Fund and join creditors committees on behalf of the Fund.
Further, the investment manager may on occasion initiate and/or recommend, and the board of trustees of the Fund may approve, pursuit of separate litigation against an issuer or related parties in connection with securities presently or formerly held by the Fund (whether by opting out of an existing class action lawsuit or otherwise).
Clients of financial advisors whose firms have a Selling Agreement with Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc., and who are eligible for the Financial Advisor Service Team (FAST) may be eligible for Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® which offers enhanced service and transaction capabilities. Please contact Shareholder Services at (800) 632-2301 for additional information on this program.
Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) acts as the principal underwriter in the continuous public offering of the Fund's shares. Distributors is located at One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906.
Distributors does not receive compensation from the Fund for acting as underwriter of the Fund's Advisor Class shares.
The table below shows the aggregate underwriting commissions Distributors received in connection with the offering of the Funds Class A, B, C and R shares, the net underwriting discounts and commissions Distributors retained after allowances to dealers, and the amounts Distributors received in connection with redemptions or repurchases of shares for the last three fiscal years ended April 30:
Total
Commissions Received ($) |
Amount
Retained by Distributors ($) |
Amount
Received in Connection with Redemptions and Repurchases ($) |
|
2011 | |||
Flex Cap Fund | 4,779,138 | 796,589 | 39,311 |
Forcused Core Equity | 64,551 | 10,998 | 133 |
Growth Opportunites | 552,293 | 88,627 | 7,028 |
Small Cap Fund | 683,598 | 114,059 | 10,866 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund | 1,739,946 | 284,315 | 18,175 |
2010 | |||
Flex Cap Fund | 5,230,599 | 869,130 | 36,427 |
Focused Core Equity Fund | 66,359 | 10,979 | 73 |
Growth Opportunities Fund | 712,564 | 117,134 | 6,571 |
Small Cap Fund | 318,023 | 51,842 | 3,232 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund | 1,369,467 | 220,460 | 14,214 |
2009 | |||
Flex Cap Fund | 3,315,579 | 530,130 | 55,218 |
Focused Core Equity Fund | 10,067 | 1,765 | 84 |
Growth Opportunities Fund | 473,098 | 72,197 | 14,869 |
Small Cap Fund | 221,312 | 35,750 | 3,974 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund | 1,107,226 | 170,304 | 21,174 |
Distributors may be entitled to payments from the Fund under the Rule 12b-1 plans, as discussed below. Except as noted, Distributors received no other compensation from the Fund for acting as underwriter.
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees - Class A, B, C and R The board has adopted a separate plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 for each class. Although the plans differ in some ways for each class, each plan is designed to benefit the Fund and its shareholders. The plans are expected to, among other things, increase advertising of the Fund, encourage purchases of Fund shares and service to its shareholders, and increase or maintain assets of the Fund so that certain fixed expenses may be spread over a broader asset base, with a positive impact on per share expense ratios. In addition, a positive cash flow into the Fund is useful in managing the Fund because the investment manager has more flexibility in taking advantage of new investment opportunities and handling shareholder redemptions.
Under each plan, the Fund pays Distributors or others for the expenses of activities that are primarily intended to sell shares of the class. These expenses also may include service fees paid to securities dealers or others who have executed a servicing agreement with the Fund, Distributors or its affiliates and who provide service or account maintenance to shareholders (service fees); and the expenses of printing prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, of marketing support and of preparing and distributing sales literature and advertisements. Together, these expenses, including the service fees, are "eligible expenses." The 12b-1 fees charged to each class are based only on the fees attributable to that particular class. Because Class B is currently closed to new investors, the amounts paid by the Fund under its plan are primarily to pay for ongoing shareholder servicing and to pay Distributors in connection with the advancing of commissions to securities broker-dealers who sold Class B shares.
For the Flex Cap and Small-Mid Cap Funds, beginning at the time of purchase, Distributors may pay the full 12b-1 fee to qualified financial advisor firms for shares purchased by the Franklin Templeton Charitable Giving Fund.
The Class A, B, C and R plans. The Flex Cap Fund and Small-Mid Cap Fund may pay up to 0.25% per year of Class As average daily net assets. The Focused Core Equity Fund, Growth Opportunities Fund and Small Cap Fund may pay up to 0.35% per year of Class As average daily net assets. Of this amount, the Focused Core Equity Fund, Growth Opportunities Fund and Small Cap Fund may pay up to 0.35% to Distributors or others, out of which Distributors generally will retain 0.10% for distribution. The board of trustees on behalf of Focused Core Equity Fund, Growth Opportunities Fund and Small Cap Fund, has set, until further notice, the Class A distribution and service fees paid by the Fund to Distributors at 0.30% per year of Class A's average daily net assets, out of which 0.25% may be paid for services to the shareholders (service fees).
The Fund pays Distributors up to 1% per year of Class B and C's average daily net assets, out of which 0.25% may be paid for services to the shareholders (service fees). For Class R shares, the Fund pays Distributors up to 0.50% per year of the class's average daily net assets. The Class B, C and R plans also may be used to pay Distributors for advancing commissions to securities dealers with respect to the initial sale of Class B, C and R shares. Class B plan fees payable to Distributors are used by Distributors to pay for ongoing shareholder servicing and to pay Distributors in connection with the advancing of commissions to securities dealers.
The Class A plan is a reimbursement plan. It allows the Fund to reimburse Distributors for eligible expenses that Distributors has shown it has incurred. The Fund will not reimburse more than the maximum amount allowed under the plan.
The Class B, C and R plans are compensation plans. They allow the Fund to pay a fee to Distributors that may be more than the eligible expenses Distributors has incurred at the time of the payment. Distributors must, however, demonstrate to the board that it has spent or has near-term plans to spend the amount received on eligible expenses. The Fund will not pay more than the maximum amount allowed under the plans.
Under the Class A plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were:
Flex Cap
Fund ($) |
Focused
Core Equity Fund ($) |
Growth
Opportunities Fund ($) |
|
Advertising | 74,555 | 2,671 | 45,004 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 3,414 | 2,781 | 5,127 |
Payments to underwriters | 19,411 | 1,297 | 15,132 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 4,668,995 | 18,278 | 453,138 |
Other | | | |
Total | 4,766,375 | 25,027 | 518,401 |
Small
Cap Fund ($) |
Small-Mid
Cap Fund ($) |
|
Advertising | 46,301 | 108,894 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 3,815 | 3,629 |
Payments to underwriters | 24,326 | 30,937 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 562,870 | 6,248,356 |
Other | | |
Total | 637,312 | 6,391,816 |
Under the Class B plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were:
Flex Cap
Fund ($) |
Growth
Opportunities Fund ($) |
|
Advertising | | |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | | |
Payments to underwriters | | |
Payments to broker-dealers | 71,424 | 9,767 |
Other | 216,870 | 30,900 |
Total | 288,294 | 40,667 |
Small
Cap Fund |
Small-Mid
Cap Fund |
|
Advertising | | |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | | |
Payments to underwriters | | |
Payments to broker-dealers | 9,026 | 35,155 |
Other | 27,934 | 106,043 |
Total | 36,960 | 141,198 |
Under the Class C plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were:
Flex Cap
Fund ($) |
Focused
Core Equity Fund ($) |
Growth
Opportunities Fund ($) |
|
Advertising | 62,927 | 324 | 12,529 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 2,992 | 298 | 1,454 |
Payments to underwriters | 11,473 | 141 | 2,815 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 3,026,040 | 16,571 | 454,743 |
Other | | | |
Total | 3,103,432 | 17,334 | 471,541 |
Small
Cap Fund ($) |
Small-Mid
Cap Fund ($) |
|
Advertising | 6,960 | 54,071 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 698 | 1,987 |
Payments to underwriters | 2,256 | 6,674 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 574,738 | 3,604,031 |
Other | | |
Total | 584,652 | 3,666,763 |
Under the Class R plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were:
Flex Cap
Fund ($) |
Focused
Core Equity Fund ($) |
Growth
Opportunities Fund ($) |
|
Advertising | 775 | 5 | 1,432 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 32 | 5 | 7 |
Payments to underwriters | 367 | 5 | 79 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 308,874 | 69 | 104,810 |
Other | | 34 | |
Total | 310,048 | 118 | 106,328 |
Small
Cap Fund ($) |
Small-Mid
Cap Fund ($) |
|
Advertising | | 7,392 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | | 44 |
Payments to underwriters | | 1,009 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 28,634 | 352,843 |
Other | | |
Total | 28,634 | 361,288 |
In addition to the payments that Distributors or others are entitled to under each plan, each plan also provides that to the extent the Fund, the investment manager or Distributors or other parties on behalf of the Fund, the investment manager or Distributors make payments that are deemed to be for the financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares within the context of Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant to the plan.
To the extent fees are for distribution or marketing functions, as distinguished from administrative servicing or agency transactions, certain banks may not participate in the plans because of applicable federal law prohibiting certain banks from engaging in the distribution of mutual fund shares. These banks, however, are allowed to receive fees under the plans for administrative servicing or for agency transactions.
Distributors must provide written reports to the board at least quarterly on the amounts and purpose of any payment made under the plans and any related agreements, and furnish the board with such other information as the board may reasonably request to enable it to make an informed determination of whether the plans should be continued.
Each plan has been approved according to the provisions of Rule 12b-1. The terms and provisions of each plan also are consistent with Rule 12b-1.
Performance quotations are subject to SEC rules. These rules require the use of standardized performance quotations or, alternatively, that every non-standardized performance quotation furnished by the Fund be accompanied by certain standardized performance information computed as required by the SEC. Average annual total return before taxes, average annual total return after taxes on distributions and average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of shares quotations used by the Fund are based on the standardized methods of computing performance mandated by the SEC. An explanation of these and other methods used by the Fund to compute or express performance follows. Regardless of the method used, past performance does not guarantee future results, and is an indication of the return to shareholders only for the limited historical period used.
Average annual total return before taxes Average annual total return before taxes is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
When considering the average annual total return before taxes quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return
n = number of years
ERV = ending redeemable value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period
Average annual total return after taxes on distributions Average annual total return after taxes on distributions is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value, after taxes on distributions. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions, less the taxes due on such distributions, are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees, but assumes that the redemption itself had no tax consequences. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
Taxes due on distributions are calculated by applying the highest individual marginal federal income tax rates in effect on the reinvestment date, using the rates that correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., the ordinary income rate for distributions of ordinary income and net short-term capital gains, and the long-term capital gain rate for distributions of net long-term capital gains). The taxable amount and tax character of a distribution may be adjusted to reflect any recharacterization of the distribution since its original date. Distributions are adjusted to reflect the federal tax impact the distribution would have on an individual taxpayer on the reinvestment date; for example, no taxes are assumed to be due on the portion of any distribution that would not result in federal income tax on an individual (e.g., tax-exempt interest or non-taxable returns of capital). The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, is taken into account in accordance with federal tax law. Any potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes) are disregarded, as are the effects of phaseouts of certain exemptions, deductions, and credits at various income levels, and the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax. Any redemptions of shares required to pay recurring fees charged to shareholder accounts are assumed to result in no additional taxes or tax credits.
The Funds sales literature and advertising commonly refer to this calculation as the Funds after-tax average annual total return (pre-liquidation). When considering the average annual total return after taxes on distributions quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return (after taxes on distributions)
n = number of years
ATV D = ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period, after taxes on fund distributions but not after taxes on redemption
Average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares Average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value, after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees, including taxes upon sale of fund shares. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
Taxes due on distributions are calculated by applying the highest individual marginal federal income tax rates in effect on the reinvestment date, using the rates that correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., the ordinary income rate for distributions of ordinary income and net short-term capital gains, and the long-term capital gain rate for distributions of net long-term capital gains). The taxable amount and tax character of a distribution may be adjusted to reflect any recharacterization of the distribution since its original date. Distributions are adjusted to reflect the federal tax impact the distribution would have on an individual taxpayer on the reinvestment date; for example, no taxes are assumed to be due on the portion of any distribution that would not result in federal income tax on an individual (e.g., tax-exempt interest or non-taxable returns of capital). The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, is taken into account in accordance with federal tax law. Any potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes) are disregarded, as are the effects of phaseouts of certain exemptions, deductions, and credits at various income levels, and the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax. Any redemptions of shares required to pay recurring fees charged to shareholder accounts are assumed to result in no additional taxes or tax credits.
The capital gain or loss upon redemption is calculated by subtracting the tax basis from the redemption proceeds, after deducting any nonrecurring charges assessed at the end of the period, subtracting capital gains taxes resulting from the redemption, or adding the tax benefit from capital losses resulting from the redemption. In determining the basis for a reinvested distribution, the distribution is included net of taxes assumed paid from the distribution, but not net of any sales loads imposed upon reinvestment. Tax basis is adjusted for any distributions representing returns of capital and any other tax basis adjustments that would apply to an individual taxpayer, as permitted by applicable federal law. The amount and character (e.g., short-term or long-term) of capital gain or loss upon redemption are separately determined for shares acquired through the initial investment and each subsequent purchase through reinvested distributions. Shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions are not assumed to have the same holding period as the initial investment. The tax character of such reinvestments is determined by the length of the period between reinvestment and the end of the measurement period in the case of reinvested distributions. Capital gains taxes (or the benefit resulting from tax losses) are calculated using the highest federal individual capital gains tax rate for gains of the appropriate character in effect on the redemption date and in accordance with federal law applicable on the redemption date. Shareholders are assumed to have sufficient capital gains of the same character from other investments to offset any capital losses from the redemption, so that the taxpayer may deduct the capital losses in full.
The Funds sales literature and advertising commonly refer to this calculation as the Funds after-tax average annual total return (post-liquidation). When considering the average annual total return after taxes on distributions quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return (after taxes on distributions and redemptions)
n = number of years
ATV DR = ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period, after taxes on fund distributions and redemption
Cumulative total return Like average annual total return, cumulative total return assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value, the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees. Cumulative total return, however, is based on the actual return for a specified period rather than on the average return.
Volatility Occasionally statistics may be used to show the Fund's volatility or risk. Measures of volatility or risk are generally used to compare the Fund's net asset value or performance to a market index. One measure of volatility is beta. Beta is the volatility of a fund relative to the total market, as represented by an index considered representative of the types of securities in which the fund invests. A beta of more than 1.00 indicates volatility greater than the market and a beta of less than 1.00 indicates volatility less than the market. Another measure of volatility or risk is standard deviation. Standard deviation is used to measure variability of net asset value or total return around an average over a specified period of time. The idea is that greater volatility means greater risk undertaken in achieving performance.
Other performance quotations The Fund also may quote the performance of Class A shares without a sales charge. Sales literature and advertising may quote a cumulative total return, average annual total return and other measures of performance with the substitution of net asset value for the public offering price.
Sales literature referring to the use of the Fund as a potential investment for IRAs, business retirement plans, and other tax-advantaged retirement plans may quote a total return based upon compounding of dividends on which it is presumed no federal income tax applies.
The Fund may include in its advertising or sales material information relating to investment goals and performance results of funds belonging to Franklin Templeton Investments. Resources is the parent company of the advisors and underwriter of Franklin Templeton funds.
The Fund may help you achieve various investment goals such as accumulating money for retirement, saving for a down payment on a home, college costs and other long-term goals. The Franklin College Savings Planner may help you in determining how much money must be invested on a monthly basis to have a projected amount available in the future to fund a child's college education. (Projected college cost estimates are based upon current costs published by the College Board.) The Franklin Retirement Savings Planner leads you through the steps to start a retirement savings program. Of course, an investment in the Fund cannot guarantee that these goals will be met.
The Fund is a member of Franklin Templeton Investments, one of the largest mutual fund organizations in the U.S., and may be considered in a program for diversification of assets. Founded in 1947, Franklin is one of the oldest mutual fund organizations and now services more than 2 million shareholder accounts. In 1992, Franklin, a leader in managing fixed-income mutual funds and an innovator in creating domestic equity funds, joined forces with Templeton, a pioneer in international investing. The Mutual Series team, known for its value-driven approach to domestic equity investing, became part of the organization four years later. In 2001, the Fiduciary Trust team, known for providing global investment management to institutions and high net worth clients worldwide, joined the organization. Together, Franklin Templeton Investments has, as of July 31, 2011, over $747 billion in assets under management for more than 4 million U.S. based mutual fund shareholder and other accounts. Franklin Templeton Investments offers 107 U.S. based open-end investment companies to the public. The Fund may identify itself by its NASDAQ symbol or CUSIP number.
Currently, there are more mutual funds than there are stocks listed on the NYSE. While many of them have similar investment goals, no two are exactly alike. Shares of the Fund are generally sold through securities dealers, whose investment representatives are experienced professionals who can offer advice on the type of investments suitable to your unique goals and needs, as well as the risks associated with such investments.
Corporate Obligation Ratings
Moody's
INVESTMENT GRADE
Aaa: Bonds rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa: Bonds rated Aa are judged to be high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A: Bonds rated A are considered upper medium-grade obligations and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa: Bonds rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk and are considered medium-grade obligations. As such they may have certain speculative characteristics.
BELOW INVESTMENT GRADE
Ba: Bonds rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B: Bonds rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa: Bonds rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca: Bonds rated Ca are considered highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C: Bonds rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default. They have little prospects for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
S&P ®
The issue rating definitions are expressions in terms of default risk. As such, they pertain to senior obligations of an entity. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy. (Such differentiation applies when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.) Accordingly, in the case of junior debt, the rating may not conform exactly with the category definition.
INVESTMENT GRADE
AAA: This is the highest rating assigned by S&P to a debt obligation. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA: Obligations rated AA differ from AAA issues only in a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A: Obligations rated A are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in the higher ratings categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB: Obligations rated BBB exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BELOW INVESTMENT GRADE
BB, B, CCC, CC, C: Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation. While these obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC: An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC: An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C: A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The C rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. The C rating is also assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is still making payments.
D: Obligations rated D are in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating is also used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or minus (-): The ratings from "AA" to "CCC" may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
r: This symbol is attached to the ratings of instruments with significant noncredit risks and highlights risks to principal or volatility of expected returns that are not addressed in the credit rating.
Short-Term Debt Ratings
Moody's
Moody's short-term debt ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs and to individual short-term debt instruments. These obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding 13 months, unless explicitly noted. Moody's employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated issuers:
P-1 (Prime-1): Issuers (or supporting institutions) so rated have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2 (Prime-2): Issuers (or supporting institutions) so rated have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3 (Prime-3): Issuers (or supporting institutions) so rated have an acceptable ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
S&P ®
S&P's ratings are a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days -- including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. The result is a dual rating, in which the short-term rating addresses the put feature, in addition to the usual long-term rating.
A-1: This designation indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2: Issues carrying this designation are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations carrying the higher designations. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3: Issues carrying this designation exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: Issues carrying this designation are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
C: Issues carrying this designation are currently vulnerable to nonpayment and are dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D: Issues carrying this designation are in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the due date even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Franklin Strategic Series |
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
|
Class | |||
A | C | Advisor | |
Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund | FBDIX | | Pending |
Franklin Natural Resources Fund | FRNRX | FNCRX | FNRAX |
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION September 1, 2011 This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus. It contains information in addition to the information in the Funds (hereafter "the Fund") prospectus. The Funds prospectus, dated September 1, 2011, which we may amend from time to time, contains the basic information you should know before investing in the Fund. You should read this SAI together with the Funds prospectus. The audited financial statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm in the Funds Annual Report to Shareholders, for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, are incorporated by reference (are legally a part of this SAI). For a free copy of the current prospectus or annual report, contact your investment representative or call (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236. |
CONTENTS
|
FSS2 SAI 09/11 |
The following information provided with respect to the Fund is in addition to that included in the Funds prospectus.
In addition to the main types of investments and strategies undertaken by the Fund as described in the prospectus, the Fund also may invest in other types of securities and engage in and pursue other investment strategies, which are described in this SAI. Investments and investment strategies with respect to the Fund are discussed in greater detail in the section below entitled "Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks.
Generally, the policies and restrictions discussed in this SAI and in the prospectus apply when the Fund makes an investment. In most cases, the Fund is not required to sell a security because circumstances change and the security no longer meets one or more of the Fund's policies or restrictions. If a percentage restriction or limitation is met at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in the percentage due to a change in the value or liquidity of portfolio securities will not be considered a violation of the restriction or limitation.
If a bankruptcy or other extraordinary event occurs concerning a particular security the Fund owns, the Fund may receive stock, real estate or other investments that the Fund would not, or could not, buy. If this happens, the Fund intends to sell such investments as soon as practicable while trying to maximize the return to shareholders.
The Fund has adopted certain investment restrictions as fundamental and non-fundamental policies. A fundamental policy may only be changed if the change is approved by (i) more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares or (ii) 67% or more of the Fund's shares present at a shareholder meeting if more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy, whichever is less. A non-fundamental policy may be changed without the approval of shareholders.
Fundamental Investment Policies
Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund (Biotechnology Fund)The Funds investment goal is to seek capital appreciation.
Franklin Natural Resources Fund (Natural Resources Fund)The Funds investment goal is to seek to provide high total return. Total return consists of both capital appreciation and current dividend and interest income.
The Fund may not:
1. Borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act), or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
2. Act as an underwriter, except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter when disposing of securities it owns or when selling its own shares.
3. Make loans if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other persons, including other investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the SEC. This limitation does not apply to (i) the lending of portfolio securities, (ii) the purchase of debt securities, other debt instruments, loan participations and/or engaging in direct corporate loans in accordance with its investment goals and policies, and (iii) repurchase agreements to the extent the entry into a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan.
4. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments and provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from (i) purchasing or selling securities or instruments secured by real estate or interests therein, securities or instruments representing interests in real estate or securities or instruments of issuers that invest, deal or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or interests therein, and (ii) making, purchasing or selling real estate mortgage loans.
5. Purchase or sell physical commodities, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments and provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from (i) engaging in transactions involving currencies and futures contracts and options thereon or (ii) investing in securities or other instruments that are secured by physical commodities.
6. Issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the SEC.
In addition, each Fund has a different fundamental investment restriction on industry concentration as follows:
The Biotechnology Fund may not invest more than 25% of its net assets in securities of issuers in any one industry (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies), except that, under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest more than 25% of its net assets in the securities issued by companies operating within the biotechnology industries. 1
1. Although not part of the Funds fundamental investment restriction, for illustration purposes, such companies currently include, but are not limited to, those involved in biotechnology research, development, and manufacture, the distribution of various biotechnological or biomedical products, services and processes and the application and development of biotechnology in areas such as health care, pharmaceuticals and agriculture.
The Natural Resources Fund may not invest more than 25% of its net assets in securities of issuers in any one industry (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies), except that, under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest more than 25% of its net assets in the securities issued by domestic and foreign companies operating within the natural resources industries. 1
1. Although not part of the Funds fundamental investment restriction, for illustration purposes, such industries currently include, but are not limited to, integrated oil, oil and gas exploration and production, gold and other precious metals, steel and iron ore production, energy services and technology, base metal production, forest products, farming products, paper products, chemicals, building materials, coal, alternative energy sources and environmental services.
The Natural Resources Fund may not purchase the securities of any one issuer (other than the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies, whether registered or excluded from registration under Section 3(c) of the 1940 Act) if immediately after such investment (i) more than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets would be invested in such issuer or (ii) more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer would be owned by the Fund, except that up to 25% of the value of the Funds total assets may be invested without regard to such 5% and 10% limitations.
Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
The Biotechnology Fund may not:
1. Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate the Funds assets as security for loans, nor to engage in joint or joint and several trading accounts in securities, except that it may: (i) participate in joint repurchase arrangements; (ii) invest in shares of one or more money market funds managed by Advisers or its affiliates, to the extent permitted by exemptions granted under the 1940 Act; or (iii) combine orders to buy or sell with orders from other persons to obtain lower brokerage commissions.
The Natural Resources Fund may not:
1. Engage in joint or joint and several trading accounts in securities, except that it may: (i) participate in joint repurchase arrangements; (ii) invest in shares of one or more money market funds managed by Advisers or its affiliates, to the extent permitted by exemptions granted under the 1940 Act; or (iii) combine orders to buy or sell with orders from other persons to obtain lower brokerage commissions.
2. Invest in excess of 5% of its net assets, valued at the lower of cost or market, in warrants, nor more than 2% of its net assets in warrants not listed on either the New York Stock Exchange or the American Stock Exchange.
Additional StrategiesIn trying to achieve its investment goal, the Fund may invest in the types of instruments or engage in the types of transactions identified below and in the section Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks. The Fund may or may not use all of these techniques at any one time. A more detailed description of the investment policies as well as the risks associated with these investment policies that the Fund uses is included.
Biotechnology Fund
Natural Resources Fund
Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks
Certain words or phrases may be used in descriptions of Fund investment policies and strategies to give investors a general sense of the Fund's levels of investment. They are broadly identified with, but not limited to, the following percentages of Fund total assets:
"small portion" | less than 10% |
"portion" | 10% to 25% |
"significant" | 25% to 50% |
"substantial" | 50% to 66% |
"primary" | 66% to 80% |
"predominant" | 80% or more |
If the Fund intends to limit particular investments or strategies to no more than specific percentages of Fund assets, the prospectus or SAI will clearly identify such limitations. The percentages above are not limitations unless specifically stated as such in the Fund's prospectus or elsewhere in this SAI.
The Fund may invest in securities that are rated by various rating services such as Moody's Investors Service (Moody's) and Standard & Poor's (S&P ® ).
The value of your shares will increase as the value of the investments owned by the Fund increases and will decrease as the value of the Fund's investments decreases. In this way, you participate in any change in the value of the investments owned by the Fund. In addition to the factors that affect the value of any particular investment that the Fund owns, the value of the Fund's shares may also change with movements in the stock and bond markets as a whole.
The following is a description of various types of securities, instruments and techniques that may be purchased and/or used by the Fund:
Bank obligations Bank obligations include fixed, floating or variable rate certificates of deposit (CDs), letters of credit, time and savings deposits, bank notes and bankers' acceptances. CDs are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits that are held in a banking institution for a specified period of time at a stated interest rate. Savings deposits are deposits that do not have a specified maturity and may be withdrawn by the depositor at any time. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise. When a bank "accepts" a bankers' acceptance, the bank, in effect, unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument upon maturity. The full amount of the Fund's investment in time and savings deposits or CDs may not be guaranteed against losses resulting from the default of the commercial or savings bank or other institution insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Bank obligations are exempt from registration with the SEC if issued by U.S. banks or foreign branches of U.S. banks. As a result, the Fund will not receive the same investor protections when investing in bank obligations as opposed to registered securities. Bank notes and other unsecured bank obligations are not guaranteed by the FDIC, so the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of the bank or institution. In the event of liquidation, bank notes and unsecured bank obligations generally rank behind time deposits, savings deposits and CDs, resulting in a greater potential for losses to the Fund.
Borrowing The 1940 Act and the SEC's current rules, exemptions and interpretations thereunder, permit the Fund to borrow up to one-third of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed, but less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) from banks. The Fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage of at least 300% with respect to such borrowings and to reduce the amount of its borrowings (within three days) to restore such coverage if it should decline to less than 300% due to market fluctuations or otherwise. In the event that the Fund is required to reduce its borrowings, it may have to sell portfolio holdings, even if such sale of the Fund's holdings would be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint.
If the Fund makes additional investments while borrowings are outstanding, this may be considered a form of leverage. Leveraging by means of borrowing may exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of portfolio securities on the Fund's net asset value, and money borrowed will be subject to interest and other costs (which may include commitment fees and/or the cost of maintaining minimum average balances), which may or may not exceed the income or gains received from the securities purchased with borrowed funds.
In addition to borrowings that are subject to 300% asset coverage, the Fund is also permitted under the 1940 Act to borrow for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of its total assets at the time when the loan is made. A loan will be presumed to be for temporary purposes if it is repaid within 60 days and is not extended or renewed.
Segregation of assets. As a general matter, the Fund will not issue any class of senior securities. Consistent with SEC staff guidance, financial instruments that involve obligations to make future payments to third parties will not be viewed as creating any senior security provided that the Fund covers its obligations as described below. Those financial instruments can include, among others, (i) securities purchased on a when-issued, delayed delivery, and to be announced basis, (ii) futures contracts, (iii) forward currency contracts, (iv) swaps, (v) written options, (vi) unfunded commitments, (vii) securities sold short, and (viii) reverse repurchase agreements.
Consistent with SEC staff guidance, the Fund will consider its obligations involving such a financial instrument as covered when the Fund (1) maintains an offsetting financial position, or (2) segregates liquid assets (constituting cash, cash equivalents or other liquid portfolio securities) equal to the Funds exposures relating to the financial instrument, as determined on a daily basis. Dedicated Fund compliance policies and procedures, which the board of trustees has approved, govern the kinds of transactions that can be deemed to be offsetting transactions for purposes of (1) above, and the amounts of assets that need to be segregated for purposes of (2) above (Asset Segregation Policies).
In the case of forward currency contracts, the Fund may offset the contracts for purposes of (1) above when the counterparties, terms and amounts match, otherwise an appropriate amount of assets will be segregated consistent with (2) above. Segregated assets for purposes of (2) above are not required to be physically segregated from other Fund assets, but are segregated through appropriate notation on the books of the Fund or the Funds custodian.
The Funds Asset Segregation Policies may require the Fund to sell a portfolio security or exit a transaction, including a transaction in a financial instrument, at a disadvantageous time or price in order for the Fund to be able to segregate the required amount of assets. If segregated assets decline in value, the Fund will need to segregate additional assets or reduce its position in the financial instruments. In addition, segregated assets may not be available to satisfy redemptions or for other purposes, until the Funds obligations under the financial instruments have been satisfied. In addition, the Funds ability to use the financial instruments identified above may under some circumstances depend on the nature of the instrument and amount of assets that the Asset Segregation Policies require the Fund to segregate. The Asset Segregation Policies provide, consistent with current SEC staff positions, that for futures and forward contracts that require only cash settlement, and swap agreements that call for periodic netting between the Fund and its counterparty, the segregated amount is the net amount due under the contract, as determined daily on a mark-to-market basis. For other kinds of futures, forwards and swaps, the Fund must segregate a larger amount of assets to cover its obligations, which essentially limits the Funds ability to use these instruments. If the SEC staff changes its positions concerning the segregation of the net amount due under certain forwards, futures and swap contracts, the ability of the Fund to use the financial instruments could be negatively affected.
Convertible securities A convertible security is generally a debt obligation, preferred stock or other security that may be converted within a specified period of time into a certain amount of common stock of the same or of a different issuer. The conversion may occur at the option of the investor in or issuer of the security, or upon a predetermined event. A convertible security typically provides a fixed-income stream and the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation resulting from a market price advance in its underlying common stock. As with a straight fixed-income security, a convertible security tends to increase in market value when interest rates decline and decrease in value when interest rates rise. Like a common stock, the value of a convertible security also tends to increase as the market value of the underlying stock rises, and it tends to decrease as the market value of the underlying stock declines. Because both interest rate and market movements can influence its value, a convertible security is usually not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar fixed-income security, nor is it as sensitive to changes in share price as its underlying stock. Convertible securities are also subject to risks that affect debt securities in general.
Although less than an investment in the underlying stock, the potential for gain on an investment in a convertible security is greater than for similar non-convertible securities. As a result, a lower yield is generally offered on convertible securities than on otherwise equivalent non-convertible securities. There is no guarantee that the Fund will realize gains on a convertible security in excess of the foregone yield it accepts to invest in such convertible security.
A convertible security is usually issued either by an operating company or by an investment bank. When issued by an operating company, a convertible security tends to be senior to the company's common stock, but may be subordinate to other types of fixed-income securities issued by that company. When a convertible security issued by an operating company is "converted," the operating company often issues new stock to the holder of the convertible security. However, if the convertible security is redeemable and the parity price of the convertible security is less than the call price, the operating company may pay out cash instead of common stock.
If the convertible security is issued by an investment bank or other sponsor, the security is an obligation of and is convertible through, the issuing investment bank. However, the common stock received upon conversion is of a company other than the investment bank or sponsor. The issuer of a convertible security may be important in determining the security's true value. This is because the holder of a convertible security will have recourse only to the issuer.
Convertible preferred stock. A convertible preferred stock is usually treated like a preferred stock for the Fund's financial reporting, credit rating and investment policies and limitations purposes. A preferred stock is subordinated to all debt obligations in the event of insolvency, and an issuer's failure to make a dividend payment is generally not an event of default entitling the preferred shareholder to take action. A preferred stock generally has no maturity date, so that its market value is dependent on the issuer's business prospects for an indefinite period of time. Distributions from preferred stock are dividends, rather than interest payments, and are usually treated as such for corporate tax purposes. Investments in convertible preferred stock, as compared to the debt obligations of an issuer, generally increase the Fund's exposure to the credit risk of the issuer and market risk generally, because convertible preferred stock will fare more poorly if the issuer defaults or markets suffer.
Enhanced convertible securities. In addition to "plain vanilla" convertible securities, a number of different structures have been created to fit the characteristics of specific investors and issuers. Examples of these features include yield enhancement, increased equity exposure or enhanced downside protection. From an issuer's perspective, enhanced structures are designed to meet balance sheet criteria, maximize interest/dividend payment deductibility and reduce equity dilution. Examples of enhanced convertible securities include mandatory convertible securities, convertible trust preferred securities, exchangeable securities, and zero coupon and deep discount convertible bonds.
Risks. An investment in a convertible security may involve risks. The Fund may have difficulty disposing of such securities because there may be a thin trading market for a particular security at any given time. Reduced liquidity may have an adverse impact on market price and the Fund's ability to dispose of a security when necessary to meet the Fund's liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event, such as the deterioration in the creditworthiness of an issuer. Reduced liquidity in the secondary market for certain securities may also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain market quotations based on actual trades for purposes of valuing the Fund's portfolio. Although the Fund intends to acquire convertible securities that the investment manager considers to be liquid (i.e., those securities that the investment manager determines may be sold on an exchange, or an institutional or other substantial market), there can be no assurances that this will be achieved. Certain securities and markets can become illiquid quickly, resulting in liquidity risk for the Fund. The Fund will also encounter difficulty valuing convertible securities due to illiquidity or other circumstances that make it difficult for the Fund to obtain timely market quotations based on actual trades for convertible securities. Convertible securities may have low credit ratings, which generally correspond with higher credit risk to an investor like the Fund.
Synthetic convertible securities. A synthetic convertible is created by combining distinct securities that together possess the two principal characteristics of a true convertible security, i.e., fixed income payments in the form of interest or dividends and the right to acquire the underlying equity security. This combination is achieved by investing in nonconvertible debt securities and in warrants or stock or stock index call options which grant the holder the right to purchase a specified quantity of securities within a specified period of time at a specified price (or to receive cash, in the case of stock index options). Synthetic convertibles are typically offered by financial institutions and investment banks in private placement transactions. Upon conversion, the Fund generally receives an amount in cash equal to the difference between the conversion price and the then-current value of the underlying security.
In addition to the general risks of convertible securities and the special risks of enhanced convertible securities, there are risks unique to synthetic convertible securities. Synthetic convertible securities differ from true convertible securities in several respects. The value of a synthetic convertible security is the sum of the values of its debt security component and its convertibility component. Thus, the values of a synthetic convertible and a true convertible security will respond differently to market fluctuations. Although the investment manager expects normally to create synthetic convertible securities whose two components provide exposure to the same issuer, the character of a synthetic convertible allows the Fund to combine components representing distinct issuers, or to combine a debt security with a call option on a stock index. In addition, the component parts of a synthetic convertible security may be purchased simultaneously or separately; and the holder of a synthetic convertible faces the risk that the price of the stock, or the level of the market index underlying the convertibility component will decline. Exposure to more than one issuer or participant will increase the number of parties upon which the investment depends and the complexity of that investment and, as a result, increase the Fund's credit risk and valuation risk.
Corporate Loans, Assignments and Participations
Corporate loans. Corporate loans typically are structured and negotiated by a group of financial institutions, including in some cases, the Fund, each of which is referred to as a lender, that provide the monies loaned to the borrowers. In return, the borrowers pay interest and repay loan's principal to the lenders. Such corporate loans often pay interest rates that are reset periodically on the basis of a floating base lending rate, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a premium. The Fund may acquire corporate loans directly at the time of the loan's closing or by buying an assignment of all or a portion of the corporate loan from a lender. The Fund may also acquire indirect ownership of the corporate loan by buying a loan participation from a lender or other purchaser of a participation. Corporate loans may include term loans and, to the extent permissible for the Fund, revolving credit facilities, prefunded letters of credit term loans, delayed draw term loans and receivables purchase facilities.
The Fund limits the amount of total assets that it will invest in any one issuer. For purposes of these limitations, the Fund generally will treat the borrower as the "issuer" of indebtedness held by the Fund. In loan participations, a bank or other lending institution serves as financial intermediary between the Fund and the borrower, the participation may not shift to the Fund the direct debtor-creditor relationship with the borrower. In this case, SEC interpretations require the Fund, in appropriate circumstances, to treat both the lending bank or other lending institution and the borrower as "issuers" for these purposes. Treating a financial intermediary as an issuer of indebtedness may restrict a Fund's ability to invest in indebtedness related to a single financial intermediary, or intermediaries engaged in the same industry, even if the underlying borrowers represent different companies and industries.
Negotiation and administration of loans. Each type of corporate loan in which the Fund may invest typically is structured by a group of lenders. This means that the lenders participate in the negotiations with the corporate borrower and in the drafting of the terms of the corporate loan. The group of lenders often consists of commercial banks, thrift institutions, insurance companies, finance companies, other financial institutions, or in some cases investment companies such as the Fund. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will not act as the sole negotiator or sole originator for a corporate loan. One or more of the lenders usually administers the corporate loan on behalf of all the lenders; this lender is referred to as the Agent Bank.
Three ways to invest in corporate loans . The Fund may invest in corporate loans in any of three ways. The Fund may: (i) make a direct investment in a corporate loan by participating as one of the initial lenders; (ii) make a direct investment by purchasing an assignment of part or all of a corporate loan; or (iii) make an indirect investment by purchasing a participation interest in a corporate loan. Participation interests are interests sold by a lender or other holders of participation interests, which usually represent a fractional interest in a corporate loan. An assignment represents a direct interest in a corporate loan or portion of a corporate loan previously owned by a different lender. Unlike where the Fund purchases a participation interest, the Fund will generally become a lender for the purposes of the relevant corporate loan agreement by purchasing an assignment.
1. Direct investments in corporate loans. When the Fund invests as an initial lender in a new corporate loan, the investment may be made at a discount to par. This means that the Fund receives a return at the full interest rate for the corporate loan, which incorporates the discount.
2. Assignments of corporate loans. If the Fund purchases an assignment of a corporate loan from a lender, the Fund will assume the position of the original lender. The Fund will have the right to receive payments directly from the corporate borrower and to enforce its contractual rights as a lender directly against the corporate borrower.
3. Participation interests in corporate loans. In contrast to the purchase of an assignment, if the Fund purchases a participation interest either from a lender or a participant, the Fund typically will have established a direct contractual relationship with the seller of the participation interest, but not with the corporate borrower. Consequently, the Fund is subject to the credit risk of the lender or participant who sold the participation interest to the Fund, in addition to the usual credit risk of the corporate borrower. Therefore, when the Fund considers an investment in corporate loans through the purchase of participation interests, its investment manager will take into account the creditworthiness of the Agent Bank and any lenders and participants interposed between the Fund and the corporate borrower. These parties are referred to as Intermediate Participants. Additionally, the Fund will consider that there may be limitations on the Fund's ability to vote on amendments to the borrower's underlying loan agreement.
Because secondary purchases of loans may be made at par, at a premium from par or at a discount from par, the Fund's return on such an investment may be lower than it would have been if the Fund had made a direct initial investment. While loan participations generally trade at a discount, the Fund may buy participations trading at par or at a premium. At certain times when reduced opportunities for direct initial investment in corporate loans may exist, however, the Fund may be able to invest in corporate loans only through participation interests or assignments.
Loan participations. Loan participations may enable the Fund to acquire an interest in a corporate loan from a borrower, which it could not do directly. Because the Fund establishes a direct contractual relationship with the lender or Participant, the Fund is subject to the credit risk of the lender or Participant in addition to the usual credit risk of the corporate borrower and any Agent Bank. The Participants and Agent Bank are referred to as Intermediate Participants (Intermediate Participant). Under normal market conditions, loan participations that sell at a significant discount to the secondary loan price may indicate the borrower has credit problems or other issues associated with the credit risk of the loan. To the extent the credit problems are resolved, loan participations may appreciate in value.
In the event the corporate borrower fails to pay principal and interest when due, the Fund may have to assert rights against the borrower through an Intermediate Participant. This may subject the Fund to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would be involved if the Fund could enforce its rights directly against the corporate borrower. Also, in the event of the insolvency of the lender or Intermediate Participant who sold the participation interest to the Fund, the Fund may not have any exclusive or senior claim with respect to the lender's interest in the corporate loan, or in the collateral securing the corporate loan. Consequently, the Fund might not benefit directly from the collateral supporting the underlying corporate loan. If the Intermediate Participant becomes insolvent, payments of principal and/or interest may be held up or not paid by such Participant or such Participant may not have the resources to assert its and the Fund's rights against the corporate borrower. Similar risks may arise with respect to the Agent Bank.
Obligations to make future advances. Certain revolving credit facility corporate loans (revolvers) and some types of delayed draw loans require that the lenders, including the Fund, and Intermediate Participants make future advances to the corporate borrower at the demand of the borrower. Other continuing obligations may also exist pursuant to the terms of these types of corporate loans. If the Fund's future obligations are not met for any reason, including the failure of an Intermediate Participant to fulfill its obligations, the Fund's interests may be harmed.
Delayed draw term loans. Delayed draw term loans have characteristics of both revolvers and term loans, in that, before they are drawn upon by the borrower, they are similar to a revolver; however when they are drawn upon, they become fully and permanently drawn and are in essence term loans. Upon funding, when a loan is drawn upon, the loan becomes permanently funded, repaid principal amounts may not be reborrowed and interest accrues on the amount outstanding. The borrower pays a fee during the commitment period. Because these loans involve forward obligations, they are subject to the Fund's asset segregation policies.
Prefunded L/C term loan. A prefunded L/C term loan (Pre L/C Loan) is sometimes referred to as a funded letter of credit facility. For these loans, the Agent Bank (or another bank) issues letters of credit (each letter, an L/C) to guarantee the repayment of the borrowings by the borrower, as the ultimate debtor under these loans. Each lender, such as the Fund, transfers to the Agent Bank the amount of money the lender has committed to lend under the Pre L/C Loan agreement. The Agent Bank holds the monies solely to satisfy the lenders' obligations under the loan agreement.
Whenever the borrower needs funds, it draws against the Pre L/C Loan. Consequently, the lenders do not have to advance any additional monies at the time the borrower draws against the Pre L/C Loan. To the extent that the borrower does not draw down these monies as borrowings during the term of the Pre L/C Loan, the Agent Bank invests these monies as deposits that pay interest, usually approximating a benchmark rate, such as LIBOR. This interest is paid to the borrower. Generally, the borrower, via the Agent Bank, pays the lenders interest at a rate equivalent to the fully drawn spread plus a benchmark rate, usually LIBOR. The borrower pays this interest during the term of the loan whether or not the borrower borrows monies from the amounts held and invested by the Agent Bank. The principal and any unpaid accrued interest will be returned to the lenders upon termination of the Pre L/C loan (and upon satisfaction of all obligations).
The risks of investing in corporate loans include all the general risks of investing in debt securities. For example, investments in corporate loans are exposed to the credit risk of the borrowing corporation and any Intermediate Participants, the valuation risk of pricing corporate loans and collateral, and the illiquidity risk associated with holding unregistered, non-exchange traded securities. There are also additional risks associated with an investment in corporate loans, including those described below.
Additional credit risks. Corporate loans may be issued in leveraged or highly leveraged transactions (such as mergers, acquisitions, consolidations, liquidations, spinoffs, reorganizations or financial restructurings), or involving distressed companies or those in bankruptcy. This means that the borrower is assuming large amounts of debt in order to have large amounts of financial resources to attempt to achieve its business objectives; there is no guarantee, however, that the borrower will achieve its business objectives. Loans issued in leveraged or highly leveraged transactions are subject to greater credit risks than other loans, including an increased possibility that the borrower might default or go into bankruptcy.
Insufficient collateral. The terms of most senior secured corporate loans and corporate debt securities in which the Fund invests require that the collateral provided by the corporate borrower have a fair market value at least equal to 100% of the amount of such corporate loan at the time of the loan. The investment manager generally will determine the value of the collateral by customary valuation techniques that it considers appropriate. The collateral may consist of various types of assets or interests including working capital assets, such as accounts receivable or inventory, tangible fixed assets, such as real property, buildings and equipment, tangible or intangible assets, such as trademarks, copyrights and patent rights, or security interests in securities of subsidiaries or affiliates. The borrower's owners or other parties may provide additional security.
The Fund may encounter difficulty valuing the collateral, especially less tangible assets. The value of the collateral may decline following investment by the Fund in the corporate loan. Also, collateral may be difficult to sell or liquidate and insufficient in the event of a default. Consequently, there can be no assurance that the liquidation of any collateral securing a corporate loan would satisfy the borrower's obligation in the event of nonpayment of scheduled interest or principal payments, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In the event of bankruptcy of a borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of any collateral securing a corporate loan. Collateral securing a corporate loan may lose all or substantially all of its value in the event of bankruptcy of a borrower. Some corporate loans are subject to the risk that a court, pursuant to fraudulent conveyance or other similar laws, could order currently existing or future indebtedness of the corporate borrower to be paid ahead of the corporate loans. This order could make repayment of the corporate loans in part or in full less likely. The court could take other action detrimental to the holders of the corporate loans including, in certain circumstances, invalidating such corporate loans or causing interest previously paid to be refunded to the borrower.
Publicly available information and ratings. Many corporate loans in which the Fund may invest may not be rated by a rating agency, will not be registered with the SEC or any state securities commission and will not be listed on any national securities exchange. The amount of public information available with respect to corporate loans will generally be less than that available for registered or exchange listed securities. The Fund will not receive the same investor protections that it would with a similar investment in registered or exchange listed securities. In evaluating the creditworthiness of borrowers, the investment manager may consider, and may rely in part, on analyses performed by others. Corporate loans held by the Fund directly or as a participation interest or assignment of the loan may be assigned ratings below investment grade by a rating agency, or be unrated but judged by the investment manager to be of comparable quality.
Liquidity of corporate loans. The investment manager generally considers corporate loans, loan participations and assignments of corporate loans to be liquid. To the extent such investments are deemed to be liquid by the investment manager, they will not be subject to the Fund's restrictions on investments in illiquid securities. Generally, a liquid market with institutional buyers exists for such interests. The investment manager monitors each type of loan and/or loan interest in which the Fund is invested to determine whether it is liquid consistent with the liquidity procedures adopted by the Fund.
No active trading market may exist for some corporate loans and some corporate loans may be subject to restrictions on resale. A secondary market in corporate loans may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which may impair the ability to accurately value existing and prospective investments and to realize full value on sale of a corporate loan. In addition, the Fund may not be able to readily sell its corporate loans at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such loans if they were more widely traded. As a result of such illiquidity, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations.
Risks based on Agent Banks and/or Intermediate Participants. The Agent Bank is a lender that administers the corporate loan. The Agent Bank typically is responsible for collecting principal, interest and fee payments from the corporate borrower. The Agent Bank then distributes these payments to all lenders that are parties to the corporate loan or own participation interests therein. The Fund will not act as an Agent Bank under normal circumstances. The Fund generally will rely on the Agent Bank or an Intermediate Participant to collect its portion of the payments. The Fund will also rely on the Agent Bank to take appropriate actions against a corporate borrower that is not making payments as scheduled. Typically, the Agent Bank is given broad discretion in enforcing the terms of the corporate loan, and is required to use only the same care it would use in the management of its own property. The corporate borrower compensates the Agent Bank for these services and this could create an incentive for the Agent Bank to exercise its discretion to the advantage of the corporate borrower to a greater extent than might otherwise be the case. Such compensation may include special fees paid at the start of corporate loans and other fees paid on a continuing basis.
In the event that a corporate borrower becomes bankrupt or insolvent, the borrower may attempt to assert certain legal defenses as a result of improper conduct by the Agent Bank or Intermediate Participant. Asserting the Fund's legal rights against the Agent Bank or Intermediate Participant could be expensive and result in the delay or loss to the Fund of principal and/or interest payments.
There is a risk that an Agent Bank may have financial difficulty. An Agent Bank could even declare bankruptcy, or have a receiver, conservator, or similar official appointed for it by a regulatory authority. If this happens, assets held by the Agent Bank under the corporate loan should remain available to holders of corporate loans, including the Fund. However, a regulatory authority or court may determine that assets held by the Agent Bank for the benefit of the Fund are subject to the claims of the Agent Bank's general or secured creditors. The Fund might incur costs and delays in realizing payment on a corporate loan or might suffer a loss of principal or interest. Similar risks arise in situations involving Intermediate Participants, as described above.
Covenants. The borrower under a corporate loan generally must comply with various restrictive covenants contained in any corporate loan agreement between the borrower and the lending syndicate or in any trust indenture or comparable document in connection with a corporate debt security. A restrictive covenant is a promise by the borrower to take certain actions that protect, or not to take certain action that may impair, the rights of lenders. These covenants, in addition to requiring the scheduled payment of interest and principal, may include restrictions on dividend payments and other distributions to shareholders, provisions requiring the borrower to maintain specific financial ratios or relationships regarding, and/or limits on, total debt. In addition, a covenant may require the borrower to prepay the corporate loan or corporate debt security with any excess cash flow. Excess cash flow generally includes net cash flow (after scheduled debt service payments and permitted capital expenditures) as well as the proceeds from asset dispositions or sales of securities. A breach of a covenant (after giving effect to any cure period) in a corporate loan agreement which is not waived by the Agent Bank and the lending syndicate normally is an event of acceleration. This means that the Agent Bank has the right to demand immediate repayment in full of the outstanding corporate loan. Acceleration may also occur in the case of the breach of a covenant in a corporate debt security document. If acceleration occurs and the Fund receives repayment before expected, the Fund will experience prepayment risk.
Some of the loans available in the market are known as "covenant lite." These loans contain fewer or no maintenance covenants. A covenant lite loan does not include the legal clauses which allow a lender to control and track the performance of a company. Covenant lite loans also generally do not permit a lender to declare a default if certain criteria are breached. The Fund may experience losses or delays in enforcing its rights on its holdings of covenant lite loans.
Debt securities - general description In general, a debt security represents a loan of money to the issuer by the purchaser of the security. A debt security typically has a fixed payment schedule that obligates the issuer to pay interest to the lender and to return the lender's money over a certain time period. A company typically meets its payment obligations associated with its outstanding debt securities before it declares and pays any dividend to holders of its equity securities. Bonds, notes and commercial paper are examples of debt securities and differ in the length of the issuer's principal repayment schedule, with bonds carrying the longest repayment schedule and commercial paper the shortest:
Bonds. A bond is a debt security in which investors loan money to an entity that borrows for a defined period of time, usually a period of more than five years, at a specified interest rate.
Commercial paper. Commercial paper is an unsecured, short-term loan to a corporation, typically for financing accounts receivable and inventory with maturities of up to 270 days.
Debentures. A debenture is an unsecured debt security backed only by the creditworthiness of the borrower, not by collateral.
Bills. A bill is a short-term debt instrument, usually with a maturity of two years or less.
Notes. A note is a debt security usually with a maturity of up to ten years.
For purposes of the discussion in this SAI of the risks of investing in debt securities generally, loans or other short-term instruments, which otherwise may not technically be considered securities, are included.
Debt securities are all generally subject to interest rate, credit, income and prepayment risks and, like all investments, are subject to liquidity and market risks to varying degrees depending upon the specific terms and type of security. The Fund's investment manager attempts to reduce credit and market risk through diversification of the portfolio and ongoing credit analysis of each issuer, as well as by monitoring economic developments, but there can be no assurance that it will be successful at doing so.
Defaulted debt securities If the issuer of a debt security in the Fund's portfolio defaults, the Fund may have unrealized losses on the security, which may lower the Fund's net asset value. Defaulted securities tend to lose much of their value before they default. Thus, the Fund's net asset value may be adversely affected before an issuer defaults. The Fund will incur additional expenses if it tries to recover principal or interest payments on a defaulted security. Defaulted debt securities often are illiquid. An investment in defaulted debt securities will be considered speculative and expose the Fund to similar risks as an investment in high-yield debt.
The Fund may not buy defaulted debt securities, however, the Fund is not required to sell a debt security that has defaulted if the investment manager believes it is advantageous to continue holding the security.
The Fund may be required under the Internal Revenue Code and U.S. Treasury Regulations to accrue income for income tax purposes on defaulted debt securities and to distribute such income to the Fund's shareholders even though the Fund is not currently receiving interest payments on such obligations. To generate cash for distributions, the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities that it otherwise would have continued to hold or use cash flows from other sources, such as the sale of Fund shares.
Depositary receipts Many securities of foreign issuers are represented by American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), and European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) (collectively, depositary receipts). Generally, depositary receipts in registered form are designed for use in the U.S. securities market and depositary receipts in bearer form are designed for use in securities markets outside the U.S.
ADRs evidence ownership of, and represent the right to receive, securities of foreign issuers deposited in a domestic bank or trust company or a foreign correspondent bank. Prices of ADRs are quoted in U.S. dollars, and ADRs are traded in the U.S. on exchanges or over-the-counter. While ADRs do not eliminate all the risks associated with foreign investments, by investing in ADRs rather than directly in the stock of foreign issuers, the Fund will avoid currency and certain foreign market trading risks during the settlement period for either purchases or sales. In general, there is a large, liquid market in the U.S. for ADRs quoted on a national securities exchange or on NASDAQ. The information available for ADRs is subject to the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards of the U.S. market or exchange on which they are traded, which standards are generally more uniform and more exacting than those to which many foreign issuers may be subject.
EDRs and GDRs are typically issued by foreign banks or trust companies and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by either a foreign or a U.S. corporation. EDRs and GDRs may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution in the issuer's home country. If the issuer's home country does not have developed financial markets, the Fund could be exposed to the credit risk of the custodian or financial institution and greater market risk. The depository bank may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends and interest and corporate actions. The Fund would be expected to pay a share of the additional fees, which it would not pay if investing directly in the foreign securities. The Fund may experience delays in receiving its dividend and interest payments or exercising rights as a shareholder.
Depositary receipts may reduce some but not eliminate all the risks inherent in investing in the securities of foreign issuers. Depositary receipts are still subject to the political and economic risks of the underlying issuer's country and are still subject to foreign currency exchange risk. Depositary receipts will be issued under sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities traded in the form of depositary receipts. In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial information about an issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program. There may be an increased possibility of untimely responses to certain corporate actions of the issuer, such as stock splits and rights offerings, in an unsponsored program. Accordingly, there may be less information available regarding issuers of securities underlying unsponsored programs and there may not be a correlation between this information and the market value of the depositary receipts. If the Fund's investment depends on obligations being met by the arranger as well as the issuer of an unsponsored program, the Fund will be exposed to additional credit risk.
Derivative instruments The Fund expects to use derivative instruments for risk management purposes and as part of its investment strategies. Generally, derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends on or is derived from, the value of one or more underlying assets, reference rates, or indices (a "reference instrument") and may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies, commodities or related indices. Derivative instruments allow the Fund to gain or reduce exposure to the value of a reference instrument without actually owning or selling the instrument.
Derivative instruments may be used for hedging, which means that they may be used when the investment manager seeks to protect the Fund's investments from a decline in value resulting from changes to interest rates, market prices, currency fluctuations or other market factors. Derivative instruments may also be used for other purposes, including to seek to increase liquidity, provide efficient portfolio management, broaden investment opportunities (including taking short or negative positions), implement a tax or cash management strategy, gain exposure to a particular security or segment of the market, modify the effective duration of the Fund's portfolio investments and/or enhance total return. However derivative instruments are used, their successful use is not assured and will depend upon the investment manager's ability to gauge relevant market movements.
Generally, the Fund may use derivative instruments without limit for purposes of direct hedging. Direct hedging means that the transaction must be intended to reduce a specific risk exposure of a portfolio security or its denominated currency and must also be directly related to such security or currency. The Funds use of derivative instruments for purposes other than direct hedging may be limited from time to time by policies adopted by the board of trustees or the Funds investment manager. Because some derivative instruments used by the Fund may oblige the Fund to make payments or incur additional obligations in the future, the SEC requires mutual funds to cover or segregate liquid assets equal to the potential exposure created by such derivatives. The obligation to cover or segregate such assets is described more fully under "Borrowing" in this SAI.
Options. An option is a contract that gives the purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy an underlying reference instrument, such as a specified security, currency, index, or other instrument from the writer of the option (in the case of a call option), or to sell a specified reference instrument to the writer of the option (in the case of a put option) at a designated price during the term of the option. The premium paid by the buyer of an option will reflect, among other things, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price and the volatility of the underlying reference instrument, the remaining term of the option, supply, demand, interest rates and/or currency exchange rates. An American style put or call option may be exercised at any time during the option period while a European style put or call option may be exercised only upon expiration or during a fixed period prior thereto. Put and call options are traded on national securities exchanges and in the over-the counter (OTC) market.
Options traded on national securities exchanges are within the jurisdiction of the SEC or other appropriate national securities regulator, as are securities traded on such exchanges. As a result, many of the protections provided to traders on organized exchanges will be available with respect to such transactions. In particular, all option positions entered into on a national securities exchange in the United States are cleared and guaranteed by the Options Clearing Corporation, thereby reducing the risk of counterparty default. Furthermore, a liquid secondary market in options traded on a national securities exchange may be more readily available than in the OTC market, potentially permitting the Fund to liquidate open positions at a profit prior to exercise or expiration, or to limit losses in the event of adverse market movements. There is no assurance, however, that higher than anticipated trading activity or other unforeseen events might not temporarily render the capabilities of the Options Clearing Corporation inadequate, and thereby result in the exchange instituting special procedures which may interfere with the timely execution of the Funds orders to close out open options positions.
Purchasing call and put options. As the buyer of a call option, the Fund has a right to buy the underlying reference instrument (e.g., a currency or security) at the exercise price at any time during the option period (for American style options). The Fund may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to call options, exercise them, or permit them to expire. For example, the Fund may buy call options on underlying reference instruments that it intends to buy with the goal of limiting the risk of a substantial increase in their market price before the purchase is effected. Unless the price of the underlying reference instrument changes sufficiently, a call option purchased by the Fund may expire without any value to the Fund, in which case the Fund would experience a loss to the extent of the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs.
As the buyer of a put option, the Fund has the right to sell the underlying reference instrument at the exercise price at any time during the option period (for American style options). Like a call option, the Fund may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to put options, exercise them or permit them to expire. The Fund may buy a put option on an underlying reference instrument owned by the Fund (a protective put) as a hedging technique in an attempt to protect against an anticipated decline in the market value of the underlying reference instrument. Such hedge protection is provided only during the life of the put option when the Fund, as the buyer of the put option, is able to sell the underlying reference instrument at the put exercise price, regardless of any decline in the underlying instruments market price. The Fund may also seek to offset a decline in the value of the underlying reference instrument through appreciation in the value of the put option. A put option may also be purchased with the intent of protecting unrealized appreciation of an instrument when the investment manager deems it desirable to continue to hold the instrument because of tax or other considerations. The premium paid for the put option and any transaction costs would reduce any short-term capital gain that may be available for distribution when the instrument is eventually sold. Buying put options at a time when the buyer does not own the underlying reference instrument allows the buyer to benefit from a decline in the market price of the underlying reference instrument, which generally increases the value of the put option.
If a put option was not terminated in a closing sale transaction when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying reference instrument remains equal to or greater than the exercise price during the life of the put option, the buyer would not make any gain upon exercise of the option and would experience a loss to the extent of the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. In order for the purchase of a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying reference instrument must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs.
Writing call and put options. Writing options may permit the writer to generate additional income in the form of the premium received for writing the option. The writer of an option may have no control over when the underlying reference instruments must be sold (in the case of a call option) or purchased (in the case of a put option) because the writer may be notified of exercise at any time prior to the expiration of the option (for American style options). In general, though, options are infrequently exercised prior to expiration. Whether or not an option expires unexercised, the writer retains the amount of the premium. Writing covered call options means that the writer owns the underlying reference instrument that is subject to the call option. Call options may also be written on reference instruments that the writer does not own.
If the Fund writes a covered call option, any underlying reference instruments that are held by the Fund and are subject to the call option will be earmarked on the books of the Fund as segregated to satisfy its obligations under the option. The Fund will be unable to sell the underlying reference instruments that are subject to the written call option until it either effects a closing transaction with respect to the written call, or otherwise satisfies the conditions for release of the underlying reference instruments from segregation. As the writer of a covered call option, the Fund gives up the potential for capital appreciation above the exercise price of the option should the underlying reference instrument rise in value. If the value of the underlying reference instrument rises above the exercise price of the call option, the reference instrument will likely be called away, requiring the Fund to sell the underlying instrument at the exercise price. In that case, the Fund will sell the underlying reference instrument to the option buyer for less than its market value, and the Fund will experience a loss (which will be offset by the premium received by the Fund as the writer of such option). If a call option expires unexercised, the Fund will realize a gain in the amount of the premium received. If the market price of the underlying reference instrument decreases, the call option will not be exercised and the Fund will be able to use the amount of the premium received to hedge against the loss in value of the underlying reference instrument. The exercise price of a call option will be chosen based upon the expected price movement of the underlying reference instrument. The exercise price of a call option may be below, equal to (at-the-money), or above the current value of the underlying reference instrument at the time the option is written.
As the writer of a put option, the Fund has a risk of loss should the underlying reference instrument decline in value. If the value of the underlying reference instrument declines below the exercise price of the put option and the put option is exercised, the Fund, as the writer of the put option, will be required to buy the instrument at the exercise price, which will exceed the market value of the underlying reference instrument at that time. The Fund will incur a loss to the extent that the current market value of the underlying reference instrument is less than the exercise price of the put option. However, the loss will be offset in part by the premium received from the buyer of the put. If a put option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund will realize a gain in the amount of the premium received.
Closing out options (exchange traded options). As the writer of an option, if the Fund wants to terminate its obligation, the Fund may effect a closing purchase transaction by buying an option of the same series as the option previously written. The effect of the purchase is that the clearing corporation will cancel the Funds position. However, a writer may not effect a closing purchase transaction after being notified of the exercise of an option. Likewise, the buyer of an option may recover all or a portion of the premium that it paid by effecting a closing sale transaction by selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased and receiving a premium on the sale. There is no guarantee that either a closing purchase or a closing sale transaction may be made at a time desired by the Fund. Closing transactions allow the Fund to terminate its positions in written and purchased options. The Fund will realize a profit from a closing transaction if the price of the transaction is less than the premium received from writing the original option (in the case of written options) or is more than the premium paid by the Fund to buy the option (in the case of purchased options). For example, increases in the market price of a call option sold by a Fund will generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying reference instrument. As a result, any loss resulting from a closing transaction on a written call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying instrument owned by the Fund.
Over-the-counter (OTC) options. Like exchange traded options, OTC options give the holder the right to buy from the writer, in the case of OTC call options, or sell to the writer, in the case of OTC put options, an underlying reference instrument at a stated exercise price. OTC options, however, differ from exchange traded options in certain material respects.
OTC options are arranged directly with dealers and not with a clearing corporation or exchange. Consequently, there is a risk of non-performance by the dealer, including because of the dealers bankruptcy or insolvency. While the Fund uses only counterparties, such as dealers, that meet its credit quality standards, in unusual or extreme market conditions, a counterpartys creditworthiness and ability to perform may deteriorate rapidly, and the availability of suitable replacement counterparties may become limited. Because there is no exchange, pricing is typically done based on information from market makers or other dealers. OTC options are available for a greater variety of underlying reference instruments and in a wider range of expiration dates and exercise prices than exchange traded options.
There can be no assurance that a continuous liquid secondary market will exist for any particular OTC option at any specific time. The Fund may be able to realize the value of an OTC option it has purchased only by exercising it or entering into a closing sale transaction with the dealer that issued it. When the Fund writes an OTC option, it generally can close out that option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer with which the Fund originally wrote the option. The Fund may suffer a loss if it is not able to exercise (in the case of a purchased option) or enter into a closing sale transaction on a timely basis.
The Fund understands that the staff of the SEC currently takes the position that purchased OTC options are considered illiquid securities and that the assets segregated to cover the Fund's obligation under an OTC option it has written are considered illiquid. Pending a change in the staffs position, the Fund will treat OTC options and covering assets as illiquid and subject to the Funds limitation on illiquid securities.
Risks of options. The Funds options investments involve certain risks, including general risks related to derivative instruments. There can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time, and the Fund may have difficulty effecting closing transactions in particular options. Therefore, the Fund would have to exercise the options it purchased in order to realize any profit, thus taking or making delivery of the underlying reference instrument when not desired. The Fund could then incur transaction costs upon the sale of the underlying reference instruments. Similarly, when the Fund cannot effect a closing transaction with respect to a put option it wrote, and the buyer exercises, the Fund would be required to take delivery and would incur transaction costs upon the sale of the underlying reference instruments purchased. If the Fund, as a covered call option writer, is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction in a secondary market, it will not be able to sell the underlying reference instrument until the option expires, it delivers the underlying instrument upon exercise, or it segregates enough liquid assets to purchase the underlying reference instrument at the marked-to-market price during the term of the option. When trading options on non-U.S. exchanges or in the OTC market, many of the protections afforded to exchange participants will not be available. For example, there may be no daily price fluctuation limits, and adverse market movements could therefore continue to an unlimited extent over an indefinite period of time.
The effectiveness of an options strategy for hedging depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying reference instruments correlate with price movements in the relevant portion of the Funds portfolio that is being hedged. In addition, the Fund bears the risk that the prices of its portfolio investments will not move in the same amount as the option it has purchased or sold for hedging purposes, or that there may be a negative correlation that would result in a loss on both the investments and the option. If the investment manager is not successful in using options in managing the Funds investments, the Funds performance will be worse than if the investment manager did not employ such strategies.
Equity securities Equity securities represent a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; their value is based on the success of the company's business and the value of its assets, as well as general market conditions. The purchaser of an equity security typically receives an ownership interest in the company as well as certain voting rights. The owner of an equity security may participate in a company's success through the receipt of dividends, which are distributions of earnings by the company to its owners. Equity security owners may also participate in a company's success or lack of success through increases or decreases in the value of the company's shares as traded in the public trading market for such shares. Equity securities generally take the form of common stock or preferred stock, as well as securities convertible into common stock. Preferred stockholders typically receive greater dividends but may receive less appreciation than common stockholders and may have different voting rights as well. Equity securities may also include convertible securities, warrants, or rights. Warrants or rights give the holder the right to buy a common stock at a given time for a specified price.
Foreign securities There are substantial risks associated with investing in the securities of governments and companies located in, or having substantial operations in, foreign countries, which are in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic investments. The value of foreign securities (like U.S. securities) is affected by general economic conditions and individual issuer and industry earnings prospects. Investments in depositary receipts also involve some or all of the risks described below.
There is the possibility of cessation of trading on foreign exchanges, expropriation, nationalization of assets, confiscatory or punitive taxation, withholding and other foreign taxes on income or other amounts, foreign exchange controls (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a given country), restrictions on removal of assets, political or social instability, military action or unrest, or diplomatic developments that could affect investments in securities of issuers in foreign nations. There is no assurance that the investment manager will be able to anticipate these potential events. In addition, the value of securities denominated in foreign currencies and of dividends and interest paid with respect to such securities will fluctuate based on the relative strength of the U.S. dollar.
There may be less publicly available information about foreign issuers comparable to the reports and ratings published about issuers in the U.S. Foreign issuers generally are not subject to uniform accounting or financial reporting standards. Auditing practices and requirements may not be comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers. Certain countries' legal institutions, financial markets and services are less developed than those in the U.S. or other major economies. The Fund may have greater difficulty voting proxies, exercising shareholder rights, securing dividends and obtaining information regarding corporate actions on a timely basis, pursuing legal remedies, and obtaining judgments with respect to foreign investments in foreign courts than with respect to domestic issuers in U.S. courts. The costs associated with foreign investments, including withholding taxes, brokerage commissions, and custodial costs, are generally higher than with U.S. investments.
Certain countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, or limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular company. Some countries limit the investment of foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous terms than securities of the issuer available for purchase by nationals. Although securities subject to such restrictions may be marketable abroad, they may be less liquid than foreign securities of the same class that are not subject to such restrictions. In some countries the repatriation of investment income, capital and proceeds of sales by foreign investors may require governmental registration and/or approval. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in or a refusal to grant any required governmental registration or approval for repatriation.
From time to time, trading in a foreign market may be interrupted. Foreign markets also have substantially less volume than the U.S. markets and securities of some foreign issuers are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. issuers. The Fund, therefore, may encounter difficulty in obtaining market quotations for purposes of valuing its portfolio and calculating its net asset value.
In many foreign countries there is less government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the U.S., which may result in greater potential for fraud or market manipulation. Foreign over-the-counter markets tend to be less regulated than foreign stock exchange markets and, in certain countries, may be totally unregulated. Brokerage commission rates in foreign countries, which generally are fixed rather than subject to negotiation as in the U.S., are likely to be higher. Foreign security trading, settlement and custodial practices (including those involving securities settlement where assets may be released prior to receipt of payment) are often less developed than those in U.S. markets, may be cumbersome and may result in increased risk or substantial delays. This could occur in the event of a failed trade or the insolvency of, or breach of duty by, a foreign broker-dealer, securities depository, or foreign subcustodian.
To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a specific geographic region or country, the Fund will have more exposure to economic risks related to such region or country than a fund whose investments are more geographically diversified. Adverse conditions in a certain region can affect securities of other countries whose economies appear to be unrelated. In the event of economic or political turmoil or a deterioration of diplomatic relations in a region or country where a substantial portion of the Fund's assets are invested, the Fund may have difficulty meeting a large number of shareholder redemption requests.
The holding of foreign securities may be limited by the Fund to avoid investment in certain Passive Foreign Investment Companies (PFICs) and the imposition of a PFIC tax on the Fund resulting from such investments.
Developing markets or emerging markets. Investments in companies domiciled or with significant operations in developing market or emerging market countries may be subject to potentially higher risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include, among others (i) less social, political and economic stability; (ii) smaller securities markets with low or nonexistent trading volume, which result in greater illiquidity and greater price volatility; (iii) certain national policies which may restrict the Fund's investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (iv) foreign taxation, including less transparent and established taxation policies; (v) less developed regulatory or legal structures governing private or foreign investment or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property; (vi) the absence, until recently in many developing market countries, of a capital market structure or market-oriented economy; (vii) more widespread corruption and fraud; (viii) the financial institutions with which the Fund may trade may not possess the same degree of financial sophistication, creditworthiness or resources as those in developed markets; and (ix) the possibility that recent favorable economic developments in some developing market countries may be slowed or reversed by unanticipated economic, political or social events in such countries.
In addition, many developing market countries have experienced substantial, and during some periods, extremely high rates of inflation, for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain countries. Moreover, the economies of some developing market countries may differ unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, debt burden, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. The economies of some developing market countries may be based on only a few industries, and may be highly vulnerable to changes in local or global trade conditions.
Settlement systems in developing market countries may be less organized than in developed countries. Supervisory authorities may also be unable to apply standards which are comparable with those in more developed countries. There may be risks that settlement may be delayed and that cash or securities belonging to the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures of or defects in the settlement systems. Market practice may require that payment be made prior to receipt of the security which is being purchased or that delivery of a security must be made before payment is received. In such cases, default by a broker or bank (the "counterparty") through whom the relevant transaction is effected might result in a loss being suffered by the Fund. The Fund seeks, where possible, to use counterparties whose financial status reduces this risk. However, there can be no certainty that the Fund will be successful in eliminating or reducing this risk, particularly as counterparties operating in developing market countries frequently lack the substance, capitalization and/or financial resources of those in developed countries. Uncertainties in the operation of settlement systems in individual markets may increase the risk of competing claims to securities held by or to be transferred to the Fund. Legal compensation schemes may be non-existent, limited or inadequate to meet the Fund's claims in any of these events.
Securities trading in developing markets presents additional credit and financial risks. The Fund may have limited access to, or there may be a limited number of, potential counterparties that trade in the securities of developing market issuers. Governmental regulations may restrict potential counterparties to certain financial institutions located or operating in the particular developing market. Potential counterparties may not possess, adopt or implement creditworthiness standards, financial reporting standards or legal and contractual protections similar to those in developed markets. Currency and other hedging techniques may not be available or may be limited.
The local taxation of income and capital gains accruing to non-residents varies among developing market countries and may be comparatively high. Developing market countries typically have less well-defined tax laws and procedures and such laws may permit retroactive taxation so that the Fund could in the future become subject to local tax liabilities that had not been anticipated in conducting its investment activities or valuing its assets.
Many developing market countries suffer from uncertainty and corruption in their legal frameworks. Legislation may be difficult to interpret and laws may be too new to provide any precedential value. Laws regarding foreign investment and private property may be weak or non-existent. Investments in developing market countries may involve risks of nationalization, expropriation and confiscatory taxation. For example, the Communist governments of a number of Eastern European countries expropriated large amounts of private property in the past, in many cases without adequate compensation, and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future. In the event of expropriation, the Fund could lose all or a substantial portion of any investments it has made in the affected countries. Accounting, auditing and reporting standards in certain countries in which the Fund may invest may not provide the same degree of investor protection or information to investors as would generally apply in major securities markets. In addition, it is possible that purported securities in which the Fund invested may subsequently be found to be fraudulent and as a consequence the Fund could suffer losses.
Finally, currencies of developing market countries are subject to significantly greater risks than currencies of developed countries. Some developing market currencies may not be internationally traded or may be subject to strict controls by local governments, resulting in undervalued or overvalued currencies and associated difficulties with the valuation of assets, including the Fund's securities, denominated in that currency. Some developing market countries have experienced balance of payment deficits and shortages in foreign exchange reserves. Governments have responded by restricting currency conversions. Future restrictive exchange controls could prevent or restrict a company's ability to make dividend or interest payments in the original currency of the obligation (usually U.S. dollars). In addition, even though the currencies of some developing market countries, such as certain Eastern European countries, may be convertible into U.S. dollars, the conversion rates may be artificial to the actual market values and may be adverse to the Fund's shareholders.
Foreign corporate debt securities. Foreign corporate debt securities, including Samurai bonds, Yankee bonds, Eurobonds and Global Bonds, may be purchased to gain exposure to investment opportunities in other countries in a certain currency. A Samurai bond is a yen-denominated bond issued in Japan by a non-Japanese company. Eurobonds are foreign bonds issued and traded in countries other than the country and currency in which the bond was denominated. Eurobonds generally trade on a number of exchanges and are issued in bearer form, carry a fixed or floating rate of interest, and typically amortize principal through a single payment for the entire principal at maturity with semiannual interest payments. Yankee bonds are bonds denominated in U.S. dollars issued by foreign banks and corporations, and registered with the SEC for sale in the U.S. A Global Bond is a certificate representing the total debt of an issue. Such bonds are created to control the primary market distribution of an issue in compliance with selling restrictions in certain jurisdictions or because definitive bond certificates are not available. A Global Bond is also known as a Global Certificate.
Foreign currency exchange rates. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates will affect the U.S. dollar market value of securities denominated in such foreign currencies and any income received or expenses paid by the Fund in that foreign currency. This may affect the Fund's share price, income and distributions to shareholders. Some countries may have fixed or managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar. It will be more difficult for the investment manager to value securities denominated in currencies that are fixed or managed. Certain currencies may not be internationally traded, which could cause illiquidity with respect to the Fund's investments in that currency and any securities denominated in that currency. Currency markets generally are not as regulated as securities markets. The Fund endeavors to buy and sell foreign currencies on as favorable a basis as practicable. Some price spread in currency exchanges (to cover service charges) may be incurred, particularly when the Fund changes investments from one country to another or when proceeds of the sale of securities in U.S. dollars are used for the purchase of securities in foreign countries. Some countries may adopt policies that would prevent the Fund from transferring cash out of the country or withhold portions of interest and dividends at the source.
Certain currencies have experienced a steady devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar. Any devaluations in the currencies in which the Fund's portfolio securities are denominated may have a detrimental impact on the Fund. Where the exchange rate for a currency declines materially after the Fund's income has been accrued and translated into U.S. dollars, the Fund may need to redeem portfolio securities to make required distributions. Similarly, if an exchange rate declines between the time the Fund incurs expenses in U.S. dollars and the time such expenses are paid, the Fund will have to convert a greater amount of the currency into U.S. dollars in order to pay the expenses.
Investing in foreign currencies for purposes of gaining from projected changes in exchange rates further increases the Fund's exposure to foreign securities losses.
Foreign governmental and supranational debt securities. The Fund's investments in debt securities may include debt securities of sovereign, governmental or supranational issuers. Such investments are subject to all the risks associated with investment in U.S. and foreign securities and certain additional risks.
Foreign government and sovereign debt securities include debt securities issued, sponsored or guaranteed by: governments or governmental agencies, instrumentalities, or political subdivisions located in emerging or developed market countries; government owned, controlled or sponsored entities located in emerging or developed market countries; entities organized and operated for the purpose of restructuring the investment characteristics of instruments issued by any of the above issuers.
A supranational entity is a bank, commission or company established or financially supported by the national governments of one or more countries to promote reconstruction, trade, harmonization of standards or laws, economic development, and humanitarian, political or environmental initiatives. Supranational debt obligations include: Brady Bonds (which are debt securities issued under the framework of the Brady Plan as a means for debtor nations to restructure their outstanding external indebtedness); participations in loans between emerging market governments and financial institutions; and debt securities issued by supranational entities such as the World Bank, Asia Development Bank, European Investment Bank and the European Economic Community.
Foreign government and sovereign debt securities are subject to risks in addition to those relating to debt securities generally. Governmental issuers of foreign debt securities may be unwilling to pay interest and repay principal, or otherwise meet obligations, when due and may require that the conditions for payment be renegotiated. As a sovereign entity, the issuing government may be immune from lawsuits in the event of its failure or refusal to pay the obligations when due. The debtor's willingness or ability to repay in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its non-U.S. reserves, the availability of sufficient non-U.S. exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the issuing country's economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor's policy toward principal international lenders and the political constraints to which the sovereign debtor may be subject. Governmental debtors also will be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments or multinational agencies and the country's access to, or balance of, trade. Some governmental debtors have in the past been able to reschedule or restructure their debt payments without the approval of debt holders or declare moratoria on payments, and similar occurrences may happen in the future. There is no bankruptcy proceeding by which the Fund may collect in whole or in part on debt subject to default by a government.
Illiquid securities Generally, an "illiquid security" is any security that cannot be disposed of within seven days at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the instrument. Illiquid securities generally include securities for which no market exists or which are legally restricted as to their transfer (such as those issued pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the federal securities laws). Restricted securities are generally sold in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to an exemption from registration under the 1933 Act, or in a registered public offering. If registration is required, the Fund, as the holder of an unregistered security, may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expense and a considerable period may elapse between the time it decides to seek registration and the time it will be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to seek registration of the security. To the extent the investment manager determines there is a liquid institutional or other market for restricted securities, the Fund considers them to be liquid securities. An example is a restricted security that may be freely transferred among qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, and for which a liquid institutional market has developed. Rule 144A securities may be subject, however, to a greater possibility of becoming illiquid than securities that have been registered with the SEC.
The Fund's board of trustees will review on a periodic basis any determination by the investment manager to treat a restricted security as liquid. In determining whether a restricted security is properly considered a liquid security, the investment manager takes into account the following factors: (i) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (ii) the number of dealers willing to buy or sell the security and the number of other potential buyers; (iii) any dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (iv) the nature of the security and of the marketplace trades (e.g., any demand, put or tender features, the method of soliciting offers, the mechanics and other requirements for transfer, and the ability to assign or offset the rights and obligations of the security). The nature of the security and its trading includes the time needed to sell the security, the method of soliciting offers to purchase or sell the security, and the mechanics of transferring the security including the role of parties such as foreign or U.S. custodians, subcustodians, currency exchange brokers, and depositories.
The sale of illiquid securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets. Illiquid securities often sell at a price lower than similar securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale.
The risk to the Fund in holding illiquid securities is that they may be more difficult to sell if the Fund wants to dispose of the security in response to adverse developments or in order to raise money for redemptions or other investment opportunities. Illiquid trading conditions may also make it more difficult for the Fund to realize a security's fair value.
The Fund may also be unable to achieve its desired level of exposure to a certain security, issuer, or sector due to overall limitations on its ability to invest in illiquid securities and the difficulty in purchasing such securities.
Investment company securities The Fund may invest in other investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, SEC rules thereunder and exemptions thereto. With respect to unaffiliated funds in which the Fund may invest, Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act requires that, as determined immediately after a purchase is made, (i) not more than 5% of the value of a Funds total assets will be invested in the securities of any one investment company, (ii) not more than 10% of the value of the Funds total assets will be invested in securities of investment companies as a group, and (iii) not more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company will be owned by the Fund. The Fund will limit its investments in unaffiliated funds in accordance with the Section 12(d)(1)(A) limitations set forth above, except to the extent that any rules, regulations or no-action or exemptive relief under the 1940 Act permits the Funds investments to exceed such limits in unaffiliated underlying funds. To the extent that the Fund invests in another investment company, because other investment companies pay advisory, administrative and service fees that are borne indirectly by investors, such as the Fund, there may be duplication of investment management and other fees. The Fund may also invest its cash balances in affiliated money market funds to the extent permitted by its investment policies and rules and exemptions granted under the 1940 Act.
Investment grade debt securities Debt securities that are rated Baa or higher by Moody's, BBB or higher by S&P, or unrated securities deemed by the Fund's investment manager to be of comparable quality, are considered to be "investment grade." Generally, a higher rating indicates the rating agency's opinion that there is less risk of default of obligations thereunder including timely repayment of principal and payment of interest. Debt securities in the lowest investment grade category may have speculative characteristics and more closely resemble high-yield debt securities than investment-grade debt securities. Lower-rated securities may be subject to all the risks applicable to high-yield debt securities and changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to make principal and interest payments than is the case with higher grade debt securities.
A number of risks associated with rating organizations apply to the purchase or sale of investment grade debt securities.
Private investments Consistent with its investment goals and policies, the Fund may from time to time make private investments in companies whose securities are not publicly traded. These investments typically will take the form of letter stock or convertible preferred stock. Because these securities are not publicly traded, there is no secondary market for the securities. These securities will generally be deemed to be illiquid.
Real estate investment trusts (REITs) The Natural Resources Fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in real estate investment trusts (REITs). REITs are subject to risks related to the skill of their management, changes in value of the properties the REITs own, the quality of any credit extended by the REITs, and general economic and other factors. An investment in REITs includes the possibility of a decline in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, variations in rental income, changes in neighborhood values, the appeal of properties to tenants, and increases in interest rates. The value of securities of companies that service the real estate industry will also be affected by these risks.
Repurchase agreements Under a repurchase agreement, the Fund agrees to buy securities guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities from a qualified bank or broker-dealer and then to sell the securities back to the bank or broker-dealer on an agreed upon date (generally less than seven days) at a higher price, which reflects currently prevailing short-term interest rates. Entering into repurchase agreements allows the Fund to earn a return on cash in the Fund's portfolio that would otherwise remain un-invested. The bank or broker-dealer must transfer to the Fund's custodian, as collateral, securities with an initial market value of at least 102% of the dollar amount paid by the Fund to the counterparty. The investment manager will monitor the value of such collateral daily to determine that the value of the collateral equals or exceeds the repurchase price.
Repurchase agreements may involve risks in the event of default or insolvency of the bank or broker-dealer, including possible delays or restrictions upon the Fund's ability to sell the underlying securities and additional expenses in seeking to enforce the Fund's rights and recover any losses. The Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with parties who meet certain creditworthiness standards, i.e., banks or broker-dealers that the investment manager has determined, based on the information available at the time, present no serious risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the repurchase agreement. Although the Fund seeks to limit the credit risk under a repurchase agreement by carefully selecting counterparties and accepting only high quality collateral, some credit risk remains. The counterparty could default which may make it necessary for the Fund to incur expenses to liquidate the collateral. In addition, the collateral may decline in value before it can be liquidated by the Fund.
A repurchase agreement with more than seven days to maturity is considered an illiquid security and is subject to the Fund's investment restriction on illiquid securities.
Reverse repurchase agreements Reverse repurchase agreements are the opposite of repurchase agreements but involve similar mechanics and risks. The Fund sells securities to a bank or dealer and agrees to repurchase them at a mutually agreed price, date and interest payment. Reverse repurchase agreements may be considered a borrowing under the federal securities laws, and therefore the Fund must have at least 300% asset coverage (total assets less liabilities, excluding the reverse repurchase agreement). Cash or liquid high-grade debt securities having an initial market value, including accrued interest, equal to at least 100% of the dollar amount sold by the Fund are segregated, i.e., set aside, as collateral and marked-to-market daily to maintain coverage of at least 100%. These transactions may increase the volatility of the Funds income or net asset value. The Fund carries the risk that any securities purchased with the proceeds of the transaction will depreciate or not generate enough income to cover the Funds obligations under the reverse repurchase transaction. These transactions also increase the interest and operating expenses of the Fund. Although reverse repurchase agreements are borrowings under the 1940 Act, the Fund does not treat these arrangements as borrowings under its investment restrictions, provided they are segregated on the books of the Fund or its custodian.
Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities retained by the Fund may decline below the price of the securities the Fund has sold but is obligated to repurchase under the agreement. A default by the purchaser might cause the Fund to experience a loss or delay in the liquidation costs. The Fund generally enters into reverse repurchase agreements with domestic or foreign banks or securities dealers. The investment manager will evaluate the creditworthiness of these entities prior to engaging in such transactions and it will conduct these activities under the general supervision of the board of trustees.
Securities lending To generate additional income, the Fund may lend certain of its portfolio securities to qualified banks and broker-dealers (referred to as "borrowers"). In exchange, the Fund receives cash collateral from a borrower at least equal to the value of the security loaned by the Fund. Cash collateral typically consists of any combination of cash, securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities, and irrevocable letters of credit. The Fund may invest this cash collateral while the loan is outstanding and generally retains part or all of the interest earned on the cash collateral. Securities lending allows the Fund to retain ownership of the securities loaned and, at the same time, earn additional income.
For each loan, the borrower usually must maintain with the Fund's custodian collateral with an initial market value at least equal to 102% of the market value of the domestic securities loaned (or 105% of the market value of foreign securities loaned), including any accrued interest thereon. Such collateral will be marked-to-market daily, and if the coverage falls below 100%, the borrower will be required to deliver additional collateral equal to at least 102% of the market value of the domestic securities loaned (or 105% of the foreign securities loaned).
The Fund retains all or a portion of the interest received on investment of the cash collateral or receives a fee from the borrower. The Fund also continues to receive any distributions paid on the loaned securities. The Fund seeks to maintain the ability to obtain the right to vote or consent on proxy proposals involving material events affecting securities loaned. The Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned within the normal settlement period for the security involved.
If the borrower defaults on its obligation to return the securities loaned because of insolvency or other reasons, the Fund could experience delays and costs in recovering the securities loaned or in gaining access to the collateral. These delays and costs could be greater for foreign securities. If the Fund is not able to recover the securities loaned, the Fund may sell the collateral and purchase a replacement investment in the market. Additional transaction costs would result, and the value of the collateral could decrease below the value of the replacement investment by the time the replacement investment is purchased. Until the replacement can be purchased, the Fund will not have the desired level of exposure to the security which the borrower failed to return. Cash received as collateral through loan transactions may be invested in other eligible securities, including shares of a money market fund. Investing this cash subjects the Fund to greater market risk including losses on the collateral and, should the Fund need to look to the collateral in the event of the borrower's default, losses on the loan secured by that collateral.
The Fund will loan its securities only to parties who meet creditworthiness standards approved by the Fund's board of trustees (i.e., banks or broker-dealers that the investment manager has determined are not apparently at risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the loan). In addition, pursuant to the 1940 Act and SEC interpretations thereunder, the aggregate market value of securities that may be loaned by a fund is limited to 33 1/3% of the fund's total assets or such lower limit as set by the fund or its board.
Short sales In a short sale, the Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation of a decline in the market value of that security. To complete the transaction, the Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. The price at this time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is replaced, the Fund must pay the lender any dividends or interest that accrues during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out. In buying the security to replace the borrowed security, the Fund expects to acquire the security in the market for less than the amount it earned in the short sale, thereby yielding a profit.
The Fund will incur a loss as a result of the short sale if the price of the security increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed security, and the Fund will realize a gain if the security declines in price between those same dates. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium, dividends or interest the Fund is required to pay in connection with the short sale.
The Fund will segregate assets by appropriate notation on its books or the books of its custodian an amount equal to the difference between (a) the market value of the securities sold short at the time they were sold short and (b) any cash or securities required to be deposited as collateral with the broker in connection with the short sale (not including the proceeds from the short sale). The segregated amount will be marked-to-market daily (that is, recalculated at that days prices) and at no time will the sum of the amount segregated and the amount deposited with the broker as collateral be less than the market value of the securities at the time they sold short.
The investment manager has adopted short sale procedures to prevent the short sale of a security by the Fund where another client of the investment manager also holds that security. The procedures prohibit the execution of short sales by the Fund when there are open buy or sell orders or current long portfolio holdings in the same security or economic equivalent (e.g., a bond convertible into common stock) on the same trading desk on which the investment manager places trades or in the portfolios of other accounts managed by the investment manager. In addition, the procedures prohibit the execution of purchases and sales when there are open short sale orders in the same security on the same trading desk on which the investment manager places trades.
Short sales against the box are transactions in which the Fund sells a security short but it also owns an equal amount of the securities sold short or owns securities that are convertible or exchangeable, without payment of further consideration, into an equal amount of such security.
Standby commitment agreements A standby commitment agreement is an agreement committing the Fund to buy a stated amount of a security, for a stated period of time, at the option of the issuer. The price and interest rate of the security is fixed at the time of the commitment. When the Fund enters into the agreement, the Fund is paid a commitment fee, which it keeps regardless of whether the security is ultimately issued, typically equal to approximately 0.5% of the aggregate purchase price of the security that the Fund has committed to buy.
The purchase of a security subject to a standby commitment agreement and the related commitment fee will be recorded on the date on which the security can reasonably be expected to be issued. In the event the security is not issued, the commitment fee will be recorded as income on the expiration date of the standby commitment. The Fund could be required to produce the full amount of the agreed upon purchase price at any time during the commitment period. As a result, the Fund will segregate assets. Standby commitment agreements may be deemed "illiquid" and therefore subject to the Fund's limitation on investment in illiquid securities.
There can be no assurance that the securities subject to a standby commitment will be issued, and the value of the securities, if issued, on the delivery date may be more or less than their purchase price. Because the issuance of the security underlying the commitment is at the option of the issuer, the Fund generally bears the risk of a decline in the value of the security and may not benefit from an appreciation in the value of the security during the commitment period. If an issuer's financial condition deteriorates between the time of the standby commitment and the date of issuance, these commitments may have the effect of requiring the Fund to make an investment in an issuer at a time when it would not otherwise have done so. This is the case even if the issuer's condition makes it unlikely that any amounts invested by the Fund pursuant to the standby commitment will ever be repaid. The Fund will only enter into standby commitment agreements with issuers which the investment manager believes will not deteriorate in creditworthiness during the commitment period. The Fund will experience credit risk associated with the issuer.
Stripped securities Stripped securities are debt securities that have been transformed from a principal amount with periodic interest coupons into a series of zero coupon bonds, each with a different maturity date corresponding to one of the payment dates for interest coupon payments or the redemption date for the principal amount. Stripped securities are subject to all the risks applicable to zero coupon bonds as well as certain additional risks.
Like zero coupon bonds, stripped securities do not provide for periodic payments of interest prior to maturity. Rather they are offered at a discount from their face amount that will be paid at maturity. This results in the security being subject to greater fluctuations in response to changing interest rates than interest-paying securities of similar maturities. Federal income taxes generally accrue on stripped securities each year although no cash income is received until maturity, and the Fund may be required to sell portfolio securities that it would otherwise continue to hold in order to obtain sufficient cash to make distributions to shareholders required for U.S. tax purposes.
The riskiness of an investment in stripped securities depends on the type involved. Some stripped securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Others receive an implied backing by the U.S. government as a sponsor or partner in the agency or entity issuing the stripped security. A few are secured with a guarantee from the financial institution or broker or dealer through which the stripped security is held. Others are supported only by the collateral, revenue stream or third party guarantee securing the underlying debt obligation from which zero coupon bonds were stripped. Stripped securities include: U.S. Treasury STRIPS, Stripped Government Securities, Stripped Obligations of the Financing Corporation (FICO STRIPS), Stripped Corporate Securities, and Stripped Eurodollar Obligations.
Stripped government securities are issued by the U.S. federal, state and local governments and their agencies and instrumentalities, and by "mixed-ownership government corporations." Stripped government securities vary widely in the terms, conditions and relative assurances of payment. The type of debt obligation from which the stripped government security was taken will indicate many of the risks associated with that investment. U.S. Treasury STRIPS and FICO Strips are types of stripped government securities.
U.S. Treasury STRIPS (Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities) are considered U.S. Treasury securities for purposes of the Fund's investment policies and are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Their risks are similar to those of other U.S. government securities, although their price may be more volatile. The U.S. Treasury has facilitated transfers of ownership of zero coupon securities by accounting separately for the beneficial ownership of particular interest coupon and principal payments on Treasury securities through the Federal Reserve book-entry record-keeping system.
FICO STRIPS represent interests in securities issued by the Financing Corporation (FICO). FICO was established to enable recapitalization of the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC) in the 1980's. FICO STRIPS are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government but are generally treated as U.S. government agency securities. The market for FICO STRIPS is substantially smaller and, therefore, less liquid and more volatile than the market for U.S. Treasury STRIPS. A higher yield is typically offered on FICO STRIPS to compensate investors for the greater illiquidity and additional risk that the U.S. government will not meet obligations on the FICO STRIPS if FICO defaults.
Temporary investments When the investment manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the investment manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in temporary defensive investments, including cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments, such as short-term debt instruments, including U.S. government securities, high grade commercial paper, repurchase agreements, negotiable certificates of deposit, non-negotiable fixed time deposits, bankers acceptances, and other money market equivalents. To the extent allowed by exemptions from and rules under the 1940 Act and the Fund's other investment policies and restrictions, the investment manager also may invest the Fund's assets in shares of one or more money market funds managed by the investment manager or its affiliates. Unfavorable market or economic conditions may include excessive volatility or a prolonged general decline in the securities markets, the securities in which the Fund normally invests, or the economies of the countries where the Fund invests. Temporary defensive investments can and do experience default. The likelihood of default on a temporary defensive investment may increase in the market or economic conditions which are likely to trigger the Fund's investment therein. The investment manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. When the Fund's assets are invested in temporary investments, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment goal.
Unrated debt securities Not all debt securities or their issuers are rated by rating agencies, sometimes due to the size of or manner of the securities offering, the decision by one or more rating agencies not to rate certain securities or issuers as a matter of policy, or the unwillingness or inability of the issuer to provide the prerequisite information and fee to the rating agencies. Some debt securities markets may have a disproportionately large number of unrated issuers.
In evaluating unrated securities, the investment manager may consider, among other things, the issuer's financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, its operating history, the quality of the issuer's management and regulatory matters. Although unrated debt securities may be considered to be of investment grade quality, issuers typically pay a higher interest rate on unrated than on investment grade rated debt securities. Less information is typically available to the market on unrated securities and obligors, which may increase the potential for credit and valuation risk.
U.S. government securities U.S. government securities include obligations of, or guaranteed by, the U.S. federal government, its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. Some U.S. government securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. These include U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA). A second category of U.S. government securities are those supported by the right of the agency, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise to borrow from the U.S. government to meet its obligations. These include securities issued by Federal Home Loan Banks.
A third category of U.S. government securities are those supported by only the credit of the issuing agency, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise. These include securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC). In the event of a default, an investor like the Fund would only have legal recourse to the issuer, not the U.S. government. Although the U.S. government has provided support for these securities in the past, there can be no assurance that it will do so in the future. The U.S. government has also made available additional guarantees for limited periods to stabilize or restore a market in the wake of an economic, political or natural crisis. Such guarantees, and the economic opportunities they present, are likely to be temporary and cannot be relied upon by the Fund.
When-issued, delayed delivery and to-be-announced transactions When-issued, delayed delivery and to-be-announced (TBA) transactions are arrangements under which the Fund buys securities that have been authorized but not yet issued, with payment for and delivery of the security scheduled for a future time. To the extent the Fund engages in these transactions, it will do so only for the purpose of acquiring portfolio securities consistent with its investment goals and policies. Although the Fund will generally buy securities on a when-issued or TBA basis with the intention of holding the securities, the Fund may sell the securities before the settlement date if the investment manager believes it is advisable to do so.
Entering into a when-issued, delayed delivery or TBA transaction is a form of leverage and will result in associated risks for the Fund. To mitigate these risks, when the Fund enters into in this type of transaction, it will segregate assets.
The Fund also relies on the seller to complete the transaction. The seller's failure to do so may cause the Fund to miss a price or yield considered advantageous to the Fund. Securities purchased on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis do not generally earn interest until their scheduled delivery date. Purchases of debt securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis are also subject to the risk that the market value or the yield at delivery may be more or less than the market price or yield available when the transaction was entered into.
Zero coupon, deferred interest and pay-in-kind bonds Zero coupon or deferred interest bonds are debt securities that make no periodic interest payments until maturity or a specified date when the securities begin paying current interest (the "cash payment date"). Zero coupon and deferred interest bonds generally are issued and traded at a discount from their face amount or par value.
The original discount on zero coupon or deferred interest bonds approximates the total amount of interest the bonds will accumulate over the period until maturity or the first cash payment date and compounds at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. The discount varies depending on the time remaining until maturity or the cash payment date, as well as prevailing interest rates, liquidity of the market for the security, and the perceived credit quality of the issuer. The discount, in the absence of financial difficulties of the issuer, typically decreases as the final maturity or cash payment date approaches. The discount typically increases as interest rates rise, the market becomes less liquid or the creditworthiness of the issuer deteriorates.
Pay-in-kind bonds are debt securities that provide for interest payments to be made in a form other than cash, generally at the option of the issuer. Common forms include payment of additional bonds of the same issuer or an increase in principal underlying the pay-in-kind bonds. To the extent that no cash income will be paid for an extended period of time, pay-in-kind bonds resemble zero coupon or deferred interest bonds and are subject to similar influences and risks.
For accounting and federal tax purposes, holders of bonds issued at a discount, such as the Fund, are deemed to receive interest income over the life of the bonds even though the bonds do not pay out cash to their holders before maturity or the cash payment date. That income is distributable to Fund shareholders even though no cash is received by the Fund at the time of accrual, which may require the liquidation of other portfolio securities to satisfy the Fund's distribution obligations.
As a result, the Fund may be required to sell portfolio securities that it would otherwise continue to hold in order to obtain sufficient cash to make the distributions to shareholders required under U.S. tax law.
Because investors receive no cash prior to the maturity or cash payment date, an investment in debt securities issued at a discount generally has a greater potential for complete loss of principal and/or return than an investment in debt securities that make periodic interest payments. Such investments are more vulnerable to the creditworthiness of the issuer and any other parties upon which performance relies.
The following is a description of the general risks associated with the Fund's investing in debt securities:
Credit risk Debt securities are subject to the risk of an issuer's (or other party's) failure or inability to meet its obligations under the security. Multiple parties may have obligations under a debt security. An issuer or borrower may fail to pay principal and interest when due. A guarantor, insurer or credit support provider may fail to provide the agreed upon protection. A counterparty to a transaction may fail to perform its side of the bargain. An intermediary or agent interposed between the investor and other parties may fail to perform the terms of its service. Also, performance under a debt security may be linked to the obligations of other persons who may fail to meet their obligations. The credit risk associated with a debt security could increase to the extent that the Fund's ability to benefit fully from its investment in the security depends on the performance by multiple parties of their respective contractual or other obligations. The market value of a debt security is also affected by the market's perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer.
The Fund may incur substantial losses on debt securities that are inaccurately perceived to present a different amount of credit risk than they actually do by the market, the investment manager or the rating agencies. Credit risk is generally greater where less information is publicly available, where fewer covenants safeguard the investors' interests, where collateral may be impaired or inadequate, where little legal redress or regulatory protection is available, or where a party's ability to meet obligations is speculative.
Obligations under debt securities held by the Fund may never be satisfied or, if satisfied, only satisfied in part.
Some securities, such as those issued by the United States Treasury or that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, have minimal credit risks. Credit risk is a greater concern for high-yield debt securities and debt securities of issuers whose ability to pay interest and principal may be considered speculative. Debt securities are typically classified as investment grade-quality (medium to highest credit quality) or below investment grade-quality (commonly referred to as high-yield or junk bonds). Many individual debt securities are rated by a third party source, such as Moody's or S&P ® to help describe the creditworthiness of the issuer.
Debt securities ratings The investment manager performs its own independent investment analysis of securities being considered for the Fund's portfolio, which includes consideration of, among other things, the issuer's financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, its operating history, the quality of the issuer's management and regulatory matters. The investment manager also considers the ratings assigned by various investment services and independent rating organizations, such as Moody's and S&P, that publish ratings based upon their assessment of the relative creditworthiness of the rated debt securities. Generally, a lower rating indicates higher credit risk. Higher yields are ordinarily available from debt securities in the lower rating categories. These ratings are described at the end of this SAI under "Description of Ratings."
Using credit ratings to evaluate debt securities can involve certain risks. For example, ratings assigned by the rating agencies are based upon an analysis completed at the time of the rating of the obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal, typically relying to a large extent on historical data. Rating agencies typically rely to a large extent on historical data which may not accurately represent present or future circumstances. Ratings do not purport to reflect the risk of fluctuations in market value of the debt security and are not absolute standards of quality and only express the rating agency's current opinion of an obligor's overall financial capacity to pay its financial obligations. A credit rating is not a statement of fact or a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a debt obligation. Also, credit quality can change suddenly and unexpectedly, and credit ratings may not reflect the issuer's current financial condition or events since the security was last rated. Rating agencies may have a financial interest in generating business, including from the arranger or issuer of the security that normally pays for that rating, and providing a low rating might affect the rating agency's prospects for future business. While rating agencies have policies and procedures to address this potential conflict of interest, there is a risk that these policies will fail to prevent a conflict of interest from impacting the rating. Additionally, legislation has recently been enacted in an effort to reform rating agencies. Rules have also recently been adopted by the SEC to require rating agencies to provide additional disclosure and reduce conflicts of interest, and further reform has been proposed. It is uncertain how such legislation or additional regulation might impact the ratings agency business and the investment manager's use of ratings in its investment process.
Extension risk The market value of some debt securities, particularly mortgage securities and certain asset-backed securities, may be adversely affected when bond calls or prepayments on underlying mortgages or other assets are less or slower than anticipated. This risk is extension risk. Extension risk may result from, for example, rising interest rates or unexpected developments in the markets for the underlying assets or mortgages. As a consequence, the security's effective maturity will be extended, resulting in an increase in interest rate sensitivity to that of a longer-term instrument. Extension risk generally increases as interest rates rise. This is because, in a rising interest rate environment, the rate of prepayment and exercise of call or buy-back rights generally falls and the rate of default and delayed payment generally rises. When the maturity of an investment is extended in a rising interest rate environment, a below-market interest rate is usually locked-in and the value of the security reduced. This risk is greater for fixed-rate than variable-rate debt securities.
Income risk The Fund is subject to income risk, which is the risk that the Fund's income will decline during periods of falling interest rates or when the Fund experiences defaults on debt securities it holds. The Fund's income declines when interest rates fall because, as the Fund's higher-yielding debt securities mature or are prepaid, the Fund must re-invest the proceeds in debt securities that have lower, prevailing interest rates. The amount and rate of distributions that the Fund's shareholders receive are affected by the income that the Fund receives from its portfolio holdings. If the income is reduced, distributions by the Fund to shareholders may be less.
Fluctuations in income paid to the Fund are generally greater for variable rate debt securities. The Fund will be deemed to receive taxable income on certain securities which pay no cash payments until maturity, such as zero-coupon securities. The Fund may be required to sell portfolio securities that it would otherwise continue to hold in order to obtain sufficient cash to make the distribution to shareholders required for U.S. tax purposes.
Inflation risk The market price of debt securities generally falls as inflation increases because the purchasing power of the future income and repaid principal is expected to be worth less when received by the Fund. Debt securities that pay a fixed rather than variable interest rate are especially vulnerable to inflation risk because variable-rate debt securities may be able to participate, over the long term, in rising interest rates which have historically corresponded with long-term inflationary trends.
Interest rate risk The market value of debt securities generally varies in response to changes in prevailing interest rates. Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable. During periods of declining interest rates, the market value of debt securities generally increases. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the market value of debt securities generally declines. This occurs because new debt securities are likely to be issued with higher interest rates as interest rates increase, making the old or outstanding debt securities less attractive. In general, the market prices of long-term debt securities or securities that make little (or no) interest payments are more sensitive to interest rate fluctuations than shorter-term debt securities. The longer the Fund's average weighted portfolio maturity, the greater the impact a change in interest rates will have on its share price.
Prepayment risk Debt securities, especially bonds that are subject to "calls," such as asset-backed or mortgage-backed securities, are subject to prepayment risk if their terms allow the payment of principal and other amounts due before their stated maturity. Amounts invested in a debt security that has been "called" or "prepaid" will be returned to an investor holding that security before expected by the investor. In such circumstances, the investor, such as a fund, may be required to re-invest the proceeds it receives from the called or prepaid security in a new security which, in periods of declining interest rates, will typically have a lower interest rate. Prepayment risk is especially prevalent in periods of declining interest rates and will result for other reasons, including unexpected developments in the markets for the underlying assets or mortgages. For example, a decline in mortgage interest rates typically initiates a period of mortgage refinancings. When homeowners refinance their mortgages, the investor in the underlying pool of mortgage-backed securities (such as a fund) receives its principal back sooner than expected, and must reinvest at lower, prevailing rates.
Securities subject to prepayment risk are often called during a declining interest rate environment and generally offer less potential for gains and greater price volatility than other income-bearing securities of comparable maturity.
Call risk is similar to prepayment risk and results from the ability of an issuer to call, or prepay, a debt security early. If interest rates decline enough, the debt security's issuer can save money by repaying its callable debt securities and issuing new debt securities at lower interest rates.
The following is a description of other risks associated with the Fund's investments:
Focus The greater the Fund's exposure to (or focus on) any single type of investment including investment in a given industry, sector, country, region, or type of security the greater the impact the performance of that investment will have on the Fund's performance. To the extent the Fund has greater exposure to any single type of investment, the Fund's potential for loss (or gain) will be greater than if its portfolio were invested more broadly in many types of investments.
The Fund's exposure to such industries, sectors, regions and other investments may also arise indirectly through the Fund's investments in debt securities (e.g. mortgage or asset-backed securities) that are secured by such investments. Similar risks associated with focusing on a particular type of investment may result if real properties and collateral securing the Fund's investments are located in the same geographical region or subject to the same risks or concerns.
Inside information risk The investment manager (through its representatives or otherwise) may receive information that restricts the investment manager's ability to cause the Fund to buy or sell securities of an issuer for substantial periods of time when the Fund otherwise could realize profit or avoid loss. This may adversely affect the Fund's flexibility with respect to buying or selling securities.
Liquidity Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are or become difficult to purchase or sell at the price at which the Fund has valued the security, whether because of current market conditions or the specific type of investment. If the market for a particular security becomes illiquid (for example, due to changes in the issuer's financial condition), the Fund may be unable to sell such security at an advantageous time or price due to the difficulty in selling such securities. Additionally, the market for certain debt securities may become illiquid under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer. Liquidity risk generally increases (meaning that securities become more illiquid) as the number, or relative need, of investors seeking to liquidate in a given market increases.
The Fund may also need to sell some of the Fund's more liquid securities when it otherwise would not do so in order to meet redemption requests, even if such sale of the liquid holdings would be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint. Reduced liquidity may also have an adverse impact on a security's market value and the sale of such securities often results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses. Reduced liquidity in the secondary market for certain securities will also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain market quotations based on actual trades for purposes of valuing the Fund's portfolio and thus pricing may be prone to error when market quotations are volatile, infrequent and/or subject to large spreads between bid and ask prices.
To the extent that the Fund's principal investment strategies involve foreign (non-U.S.) securities or securities with a thin trading market, the Fund will tend to have greater exposure to liquidity risk.
Management The investment manager's judgments about markets, interest rates or the attractiveness, relative values or potential appreciation of particular investment strategies or sectors or securities purchased for the Fund's portfolio may prove to be incorrect, all of which could cause the Fund to perform less favorably and may result in a decline in the Fund's share price.
The investment manager selects investments for the Fund based in part on information and data that the issuers of such securities file with various government agencies or make directly available to the investment manager or that the investment manager obtains from other sources. The investment manager is not in a position to confirm the completeness, genuineness or accuracy of such information and data, and in some cases, complete and accurate information is not readily available. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the investment techniques available to the investment manager in connection with managing the Fund and may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment goal. Management risk is greater when less qualitative information is available to the investment manager about an investment.
Market risk The market value of securities owned by the Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a single corporate borrower or security issuer. These general market conditions include real or perceived adverse economic or regulatory conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency exchange rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. Market values may also decline due to factors which affect a particular industry or sector, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry, or a particular segment, such as mortgage or government securities. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value simultaneously. When markets perform well, there can be no assurance that the Fund's securities will participate in or otherwise benefit from the advance.
Non-Diversification The Fund is classified as non-diversified for purposes of the 1940 Act. This means it generally, with respect to more than 25% of the Fund's assets, invests more than 5% of the Fund's assets (taken at market value at the time of purchase) in the outstanding securities of any single issuer and/or owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer. However, the Fund intends to meet certain diversification requirements for tax purposes. Generally, to meet federal tax requirements at the close of each quarter, the Fund will not invest more than 25% of its total assets in any one issuer and, with respect to 50% of total assets, will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in any one issuer or more than 10% of the issuer's outstanding voting securities. These limitations do not apply to U.S. government securities and securities issued by regulated investment companies. If applicable federal income tax requirements are revised, the Fund may change its diversification policies without obtaining shareholder approval.
Because the Fund generally invests a greater portion of its assets in a smaller number of issuers and in any one issuer than a diversified fund, the Fund may be more sensitive to a single economic, business, political, regulatory or other occurrence or to the financial results of a single issuer than a more diversified fund might be. Similarly, the Fund's credit risk increases as more of the Fund's assets are invested in a smaller number of issuers.
Portfolio turnover Portfolio turnover is a measure of how frequently the Fund's portfolio securities are bought and sold. High portfolio turnover rates generally increase transaction costs, which are Fund expenses. Such portfolio transactions may also result in the realization of taxable capital gains, including short-term capital gains, which are generally taxable at ordinary income tax rates for federal income tax purposes for shareholders subject to income tax and who hold their shares in a taxable account. Higher transaction costs reduce the Fund's returns.
The SEC requires annual portfolio turnover to be calculated generally as the lesser of a fund's purchases or sales of portfolio securities during a given fiscal year, divided by the monthly average value of the Fund's portfolio securities owned during that year (excluding securities with a maturity or expiration date that, at the time of acquisition, was less than one year). For example, a fund reporting a 100% portfolio turnover rate would have purchased and sold securities worth as much as the monthly average value of its portfolio securities during the year. The portfolio turnover rates for the Fund are disclosed in the sections entitled "Portfolio Turnover" and "Financial Highlights" of the Fund's prospectus.
Portfolio turnover is affected by factors within and outside the control of the Fund and its investment manager. The investment manager's investment outlook for the type of securities in which the Fund invests may change as a result of unexpected developments in domestic or international securities markets, or in economic, monetary or political relationships. High market volatility may result in the investment manager using a more active trading strategy than it might have otherwise pursued. The Fund's investment manager will consider the economic effects of portfolio turnover but generally will not treat portfolio turnover as a limiting factor in making investment decisions. Investment decisions affecting turnover may include changes in investment policies or management personnel, as well as individual portfolio transactions.
Factors wholly outside the control of the investment manager that may increase portfolio turnover include increased merger and acquisition activity, or increased rates of bankruptcy or default, that may create involuntary transactions for funds that hold affected securities.
The rate of bond calls by issuers of fixed-income debt securities may increase as interest rates decline. This causes "sales" of called bonds by the Fund and the subsequent purchase of replacement investments.
In addition, redemptions or exchanges by investors may require the liquidation of portfolio securities. Changes in particular portfolio holdings may also be made whenever a security is considered to be no longer the most appropriate investment for the Fund, or another security appears to have a relatively better opportunity.
Commodity Exchange Act Exclusion The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), and, therefore, is not currently subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA. However, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CTFC) has recently proposed amendments to this exclusion. Whether the proposed amendments will be adopted in their current form and the full impact of such amendments on the Fund are not yet known.
Policies and Procedures Regarding the Release of Portfolio Holdings
The Fund's overall policy with respect to the release of portfolio holdings is to release such information consistent with applicable legal requirements and the fiduciary duties owed to shareholders. Subject to the limited exceptions described below, the Fund will not make available to anyone non-public information with respect to its portfolio holdings, until such time as the information is made available to all shareholders or the general public.
For purposes of this policy, portfolio holdings information does not include aggregate, composite or descriptive information that does not present risks of dilution, arbitrage, market timing, insider trading or other inappropriate trading for the Fund. Information excluded from the definition of portfolio holdings information generally includes, without limitation: (1) descriptions of allocations among asset classes, regions, countries or industries/sectors; (2) aggregated data such as average or median ratios, market capitalization, credit quality or duration; (3) performance attributions by industry, sector or country; or (4) aggregated risk statistics. Such information, if made available to anyone, will be made available to any person upon request, but, because such information is generally not material to investors, it may or may not be posted on the Fund's website. In addition, other information may also be deemed to not be portfolio holdings information if, in the reasonable belief of the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer (or his/her designee), the release of such information would not present risks of dilution, arbitrage, market timing, insider trading or other inappropriate trading for the Fund.
Consistent with current law, the Fund releases complete portfolio holdings information each fiscal quarter through regulatory filings with no more than a 60-day lag.
In addition, a complete list of the Fund's portfolio holdings is generally released no sooner than 20 calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter. Commentaries and other materials that may reference specific holdings information of the Fund as of the most recent calendar quarter end are also subject to the same 20-day lag requirement. Other descriptive information, such as the Fund's top 10 holdings, may be released monthly, no sooner than five days after the end of each month. Released portfolio holdings information can be viewed on franklintempleton.com.
To the extent that this policy would permit the release of portfolio holdings information regarding a particular portfolio holding for the Fund that is the subject of ongoing purchase or sale orders/programs, or if the release of such portfolio holdings information would otherwise be sensitive or inappropriate, the portfolio manager for the Fund may request that the release of such information be withheld.
Exceptions to the portfolio holdings release policy will be made only when: (1) the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for releasing portfolio holdings information in advance of release to all shareholders or the general public; (2) the recipient is subject to a duty of confidentiality pursuant to a signed non-disclosure agreement; and (3) the release of such information would not otherwise violate the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws or fiduciary duties owed to Fund shareholders. The determination of whether to grant an exception, which includes the determination of whether the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for releasing portfolio holdings information in advance of release to all shareholders or the general public shall be made by the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee, following a request submitted in writing.
The eligible third parties to whom portfolio holdings information may be released in advance of general release fall into the following categories: data consolidators (including rating agencies), fund rating/ranking services and other data providers, service providers to the Fund, and municipal securities brokers using the Investor Tools product which brings together buyers and sellers of municipal securities in the normal operation of the municipal securities markets. In addition, should the Fund process a shareholders redemption request in-kind, the Fund may, under certain circumstances, provide portfolio holdings information to such shareholder to the extent necessary to allow the shareholder to prepare for receipt of such portfolio securities.
The specific entities to whom the Fund may provide portfolio holdings in advance of their release to the general public are:
In all cases, eligible third parties are required to execute a non-disclosure agreement. Non-disclosure agreements include the following provisions:
In no case does the Fund receive any compensation in connection with the arrangements to release portfolio holdings information to any of the above-described recipients of the information.
Several investment managers within Franklin Templeton Investments (F-T Managers) serve as investment managers to offshore funds that are registered or otherwise authorized for sale with foreign regulatory authorities. The release of portfolio holdings information for such offshore funds is excluded from the Fund's portfolio holdings release policy if such information is given to offshore banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies, registered investment managers and other financial institutions (offshore investment managers) with discretionary authority to select offshore funds on behalf of their clients. Because such offshore funds may from time to time invest in securities substantially similar to those of the Fund, there is the risk that such portfolio holdings information may be used to trade inappropriately against the Fund. To mitigate such risks, such information may only be disclosed for portfolio analytics, such as risk analysis/asset allocation, and the offshore investment manager will be required to execute a non-disclosure agreement, whereby such offshore investment manager: (1) agrees to maintain such information as confidential, including limiting the dissemination of such information, (2) is prohibited from trading on the information received, including (a) purchasing or selling any portfolio securities based on any information received; (b) trading against any U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund, including the Fund; (c) knowingly engaging in any trading practices that are adverse to any such fund; and (d) trading in shares of any such fund that is substantially similar to the offshore fund, and (3) agrees to refresh its representation as to confidentiality and abstention from trading upon request from Franklin Templeton. In addition, an offshore fund may release information regarding the top contributors and detractors to such funds portfolio performance monthly to those recipients who have executed a non-disclosure agreement containing the provisions described above, or who have confirmed electronically its agreement to such provisions. Country-specific offshore funds that are not, in the aggregate, substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund, are not subject to the restrictions imposed by the policy.
Certain F-T Managers serve as investment advisers to privately placed funds that are exempt from registration, including Canadian institutional pooled funds and commingled trusts maintained by a Franklin Templeton trust company. In certain circumstances, such unregistered private funds may have portfolio holdings that are not, in the aggregate, substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered fund, as determined by the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee. Under such circumstances the release of portfolio holdings information to a client or potential client of the unregistered private fund may be permissible. In circumstances where an unregistered private fund invests in portfolio securities that, in the aggregate, are substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered fund, such private funds are subject to the restrictions imposed by the policy, except that the release of holdings information to a current investor in the private fund is permissible conditioned upon such investors execution of a non-disclosure agreement to mitigate the risk that portfolio holdings information may be used to trade inappropriately against a fund. Such non-disclosure agreement must provide that the investor: (1) agrees to maintain such information as confidential, including limiting the dissemination of such information (except that the investor may be permitted to disseminate such information to an agent as necessary to allow the performance of portfolio analytics with respect to the investors investment in the private fund), and (2) is prohibited from trading on the information received, including (a) trading against any U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund, including the Fund; (b) knowingly engaging in any trading practices that are adverse to any such fund; and (c) trading in shares of any U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund that is managed in a style substantially similar to that of the private fund.
Some F-T Managers serve as sub-advisers to other mutual funds not within the Franklin Templeton Investments fund complex ("other funds"), which may be managed in a style substantially similar to that of a U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund. Such other funds are not subject to the Fund's portfolio holdings release policy. The sponsors of such funds may disclose the portfolio holdings of such funds at different times than the Fund discloses its portfolio holdings.
In addition, some F-T Managers also serve as investment managers to separate accounts, which are subject to the Funds policy with respect to the release of the separate accounts holdings to consultants and potential clients. Separate accounts that are not, in the aggregate, substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund, however, are not subject to the restrictions imposed by the policy.
The Fund's portfolio holdings release policy and all subsequent amendments have been reviewed and approved by the Fund's board, and any other material amendments shall also be reviewed and approved by the board. The investment manager's compliance staff conducts periodic reviews of compliance with the policy and provides at least annually a report to the board regarding the operation of the policy and any material changes recommended as a result of such review. The investment manager's compliance staff also will supply the board yearly with a list of exceptions granted to the policy, along with an explanation of the legitimate business purpose of the Fund that is served as a result of the exception.
The Trust has a board of trustees. Each trustee will serve until that person resigns and/or a successor is elected and qualified. The board is responsible for the overall management of the Trust, including general supervision and review of the Fund's investment activities. The board, in turn, elects the officers of the Trust who are responsible for administering the Fund's day-to-day operations. The board also monitors the Fund to ensure that no material conflicts exist among share classes. While none are expected, the board will act appropriately to resolve any material conflict that may arise.
The name, year of birth and address of the officers and board members, as well as their affiliations, positions held with the Trust, principal occupations during the past five years and number of portfolios overseen in the Franklin Templeton fund complex are shown below.
1. We base the number of portfolios on each separate series of the U.S. registered investment companies within the Franklin Templeton Investments fund complex. These portfolios have a common investment manager or affiliated investment managers.
2. Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are considered to be interested persons of the Fund under the federal securities laws due to their positions as officers and directors and major shareholders of Franklin Resources, Inc., which is the parent company of the Fund's investment manager and distributor.
The Trust's independent board members constitute the sole independent board members of 27 investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Investments complex for which each independent board member currently is paid a $232,000 annual retainer fee, together with a $7,000 per meeting fee for attendance at regularly scheduled board meetings, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. To the extent held, compensation may also be paid for attendance at specially held board meetings. The Trust's lead independent trustee is paid an annual supplemental retainer of $25,000 for services to such investment companies, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. Board members who serve on the Audit Committee of the Trust and such other funds receive a flat fee of $3,000 per Committee meeting attended in person and $2,000 per telephonic meeting, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. John B. Wilson, who serves as chairman of the Audit Committee of the Trust and such other funds receives an additional fee of $40,000 per year, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. Members of the Committee are not separately compensated for any committee meeting held on the day of a regularly scheduled board meeting. The following table provides the total fees paid to independent board members by the Trust and by other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments.
Name |
Total Fees
Received from the Trust ($) 1 |
Total Fees
Received from Franklin Templeton Investments ($) 2 |
Number
of Boards in Franklin Templeton Investments on which Each Serves 3 |
Harris J. Ashton | 26,439 | 470,000 | 41 |
Sam Ginn | 26,439 | 288,000 | 27 |
Edith E. Holiday | 27,886 | 505,000 | 41 |
J. Michael Luttig | 27,885 | 492,000 | 41 |
Frank A. Olson | 27,885 | 492,000 | 41 |
Larry D. Thompson | 26,439 | 589,000 | 43 |
John B. Wilson | 31,762 | 375,000 | 27 |
1. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011.
2. For the calendar year ended December 31, 2010.
3. We base the number of boards on the number of U.S. registered investment companies in Franklin Templeton Investments. This number does not include the total number of series or portfolios within each investment company for which the board members are responsible.
Independent board members are reimbursed for expenses incurred in connection with attending board meetings and are paid pro rata by each fund in Franklin Templeton Investments for which they serve as director or trustee. No officer or board member received any other compensation, including pension or retirement benefits, directly or indirectly from the Trust or other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments. Certain officers or board members who are shareholders of Franklin Resources, Inc. (Resources) may be deemed to receive indirect remuneration by virtue of their participation, if any, in the fees paid to its subsidiaries.
Board members historically have followed a policy of having substantial investments in one or more of the Franklin Templeton funds, as is consistent with their individual financial goals. In February 1998, this policy was formalized through the adoption of a requirement that each board member invest one-third of fees received for serving as a director or trustee of a Templeton fund (excluding committee fees) in shares of one or more Templeton funds and one-third of fees received for serving as a director or trustee of a Franklin fund (excluding committee fees) in shares of one or more Franklin funds until the value of such investments equals or exceeds five times the annual retainer and regular board meeting fees paid to such board member. Investments in the name of family members or entities controlled by a board member constitute fund holdings of such board member for purposes of this policy, and a three-year phase-in period applies to such investment requirements for newly elected board members. In implementing such policy, a board member's fund holdings existing on February 27, 1998, are valued as of such date with subsequent investments valued at cost.
The following tables provide the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the board members of the Fund on December 31, 2010.
Independent Board Members
Name of
Board Member |
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Funds |
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Funds Overseen by the Board Member in the Franklin Templeton Fund Complex |
Harris J. Ashton | None | Over $100,000 |
Sam Ginn | None | Over $100,000 |
Edith E. Holiday |
Biotechnology Fund
$10,001 - $50,000 |
Over $100,000 |
J. Michael Luttig | None | Over $100,000 |
Frank A. Olson | None | Over $100,000 |
Larry D. Thompson | None | Over $100,000 |
John B. Wilson | None | Over $100,000 |
Interested Board Members
Name of
Board Member |
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Funds |
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Funds Overseen by the Board Member in the Franklin Templeton Fund Complex |
Charles B. Johnson | None | Over $100,000 |
Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. |
Biotechnology Fund
Over $100,000 Natural Resources Fund Over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Board committees The board maintains two standing committees: the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee. The Audit Committee is generally responsible for recommending the selection of the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm (auditors), including evaluating their independence and meeting with such auditors to consider and review matters relating to the Trust's financial reports and internal controls. The Audit Committee is comprised of the following independent trustees of the Trust: Edith E. Holiday, J. Michael Luttig, Frank A. Olson and John B. Wilson. The Nominating Committee is comprised of the following independent trustees of the Trust: Harris J. Ashton, Sam Ginn, Edith E. Holiday, J. Michael Luttig, Frank A. Olson, Larry D. Thompson and John B. Wilson.
The Nominating Committee is responsible for selecting candidates to serve as board members and recommending such candidates (a) for selection and nomination as independent board members by the incumbent independent board member and the full board; and (b) for selection and nomination as interested board members by the full board.
When the board has or expects to have a vacancy, the Nominating Committee receives and reviews information on individuals qualified to be recommended to the full board as nominees for election as board members, including any recommendations by Qualifying Fund Shareholders (as defined below). To date, the Nominating Committee has been able to identify, and expects to continue to be able to identify, from its own resources an ample number of qualified candidates. The Nominating Committee, however, will review recommendations from Qualifying Fund Shareholders to fill vacancies on the board if these recommendations are submitted in writing and addressed to the Nominating Committee at the Trust's offices at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151 and are presented with appropriate background material concerning the candidate that demonstrates his or her ability to serve as a board member, including as an independent board member, of the Trust. A Qualifying Fund Shareholder is a shareholder who (i) has continuously owned of record, or beneficially through a financial intermediary, shares of the Fund having a net asset value of not less than two hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($250,000) during the 24-month period prior to submitting the recommendation; and (ii) provides a written notice to the Nominating Committee containing the following information: (a) the name and address of the Qualifying Fund Shareholder making the recommendation; (b) the number of shares of the Fund which are owned of record and beneficially by such Qualifying Fund Shareholder and the length of time that such shares have been so owned by the Qualifying Fund Shareholder; (c) a description of all arrangements and understandings between such Qualifying Fund Shareholder and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the recommendation is being made; (d) the name, age, date of birth, business address and residence address of the person or persons being recommended; (e) such other information regarding each person recommended by such Qualifying Fund Shareholder as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the SEC had the nominee been nominated by the board; (f) whether the shareholder making the recommendation believes the person recommended would or would not be an interested person of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act; and (g) the written consent of each person recommended to serve as a board member of the Trust if so nominated and elected/appointed.
The Nominating Committee may amend these procedures from time to time, including the procedures relating to the evaluation of nominees and the process for submitting recommendations to the Nominating Committee.
During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, the Audit Committee met three times; the Nominating Committee met twice.
Board role in risk oversight The board, as a whole, considers risk management issues as part of its general oversight responsibilities throughout the year at regular board meetings, through regular reports that have been developed by management, in consultation with the board and its counsel. These reports address certain investment, valuation and compliance matters. The board also may receive special written reports or presentations on a variety of risk issues, either upon the boards request or upon the investment managers initiative. In addition, the Audit Committee of the board meets regularly with the investment managers internal audit group to review reports on their examinations of functions and processes within Franklin Templeton Investments that affect the Fund.
With respect to investment risk, the board receives regular written reports describing and analyzing the investment performance of the Fund. In addition, the portfolio managers of the Fund meet regularly with the boards to discuss portfolio performance, including investment risk. To the extent that the Fund changes a particular investment strategy that could have a material impact on the Funds risk profile, the board generally is consulted with respect to such change. To the extent that the Fund invests in certain complex securities, including derivatives, the board receives periodic reports containing information about exposure of the Fund to such instruments. In addition, the investment managers investment risk personnel meet regularly with the board to discuss a variety of issues, including the impact on the Fund of the investment in particular securities or instruments, such as derivatives.
With respect to valuation, the Funds administrator provides regular written reports to the board that enable the board to monitor the number of fair valued securities in a particular portfolio, the reasons for the fair valuation and the methodology used to arrive at the fair value. Such reports also include information concerning illiquid securities within the Funds portfolio. The board also reviews dispositional analysis information on the sale of securities that require special valuation considerations such as illiquid or fair valued securities. In addition, the Funds Audit Committee reviews valuation procedures and results with the Funds auditors in connection with such Committees review of the results of the audit of the Funds year end financial statement.
With respect to compliance risks, the board receives regular compliance reports prepared by the investment managers compliance group and meets regularly with the Funds Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) to discuss compliance issues, including compliance risks. In accordance with SEC requirements, the independent trustees meet regularly in executive session with the CCO, and the Funds CCO prepares and presents an annual written compliance report to the board. The Funds board adopts compliance policies and procedures for the Fund and approves such procedures for the Funds service providers. The compliance policies and procedures are specifically designed to detect and prevent violations of the federal securities laws.
The investment manager periodically provides an enterprise risk management presentation to the board to describe the way in which risk is managed on a complex-wide level. Such presentation covers such areas as investment risk, reputational risk, personnel risk, and business continuity risk.
Board structure Seventy-five percent or more of board members consist of independent trustees who are not deemed to be interested persons by reason of their relationship with the Funds management or otherwise as provided under the Investment Company Act of 1940. While the Chairman of the Board is an interested person, the board is also served by a lead independent trustee. The lead independent trustee, together with independent counsel, reviews proposed agendas for board meetings and generally acts as a liaison with management with respect to questions and issues raised by the independent trustees. The lead independent trustee also presides at separate meetings of independent trustees held in advance of each scheduled board meeting where various matters, including those being considered at such board meeting are discussed. It is believed such structure and activities assure that proper consideration is given at board meetings to matters deemed important to the Fund and its shareholders.
Trustee qualifications Information on the Funds officers and trustees appears above including information on the business activities of trustees during the past five years and beyond. In addition to personal qualities, such as integrity, the role of an effective Fund trustee inherently requires the ability to comprehend, discuss and critically analyze materials and issues presented in exercising judgments and reaching informed conclusions relevant to his or her duties and fiduciary obligations. It is believed that the specific background of each trustee evidences such ability and is appropriate to his or her serving on the Funds board of trustees. As indicated, Harris J. Ashton, Frank A. Olson and Sam Ginn have each served as chief executive officers of New York Stock Exchange listed public corporations; Larry D. Thompson and Edith E. Holiday, have legal backgrounds, including high level legal positions with departments of the U.S. government; John Wilson has served as chief operating officer of a New York Stock Exchange listed public corporation, as well as chief financial officer of a NASDAQ listed public corporation; J. Michael Luttig has fifteen years of judicial experience as a Federal Appeals Court Judge; and Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson are both high ranking executive officers of Franklin Templeton Investments.
The Fund's board of trustees has delegated to the investment manager the task of ensuring that regulatory guidelines governing the fair valuation for securities are applied to the Fund and that the required level of liquidity is maintained. The investment manager has formed a Valuation & Liquidity Oversight Committee (VLOC) to oversee these obligations. The VLOC oversees and administers the policies and procedures governing fair valuation and liquidity determination of securities. The VLOC meets monthly to review and approve fair value and liquidity reports and conduct other business, and meets whenever necessary to review potential significant market events and take appropriate steps to adjust valuations in accordance with established policies. The VLOC provides regular reports that document its activities to the board of trustees for its review and approval of pricing determinations at scheduled meetings. VLOC meeting minutes are regularly submitted to the board of trustees for their review.
The Fund's policies and procedures governing fair valuation and liquidity determination of securities have been initially reviewed and approved by the board of trustees and any material amendments will also be reviewed and approved by the board. The investment manager's compliance staff conducts periodic reviews of compliance with the policies and provides at least annually a report to the board of trustees regarding the operation of the policies and any material changes recommended as a result of such review.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The board of trustees of the Fund has delegated the authority to vote proxies related to the portfolio securities held by the Fund to the Fund's investment manager Franklin Advisers, Inc. in accordance with the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (Policies) adopted by the investment manager.
The investment manager has delegated its administrative duties with respect to the voting of proxies to the Proxy Group within Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC (Proxy Group), an affiliate and wholly owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. All proxies received by the Proxy Group will be voted based upon the investment managers instructions and/or policies. The investment manager votes proxies solely in the interests of the Fund and its shareholders.
To assist it in analyzing proxies, the investment manager subscribes to RiskMetrics Group (RiskMetrics), an unaffiliated third-party corporate governance research service that provides in-depth analyses of shareholder meeting agendas, vote recommendations, recordkeeping and vote disclosure services. In addition, the investment manager subscribes to Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC (Glass Lewis), an unaffiliated third-party analytical research firm, to receive analyses and vote recommendations on the shareholder meetings of publicly held U.S. companies. Although RiskMetrics and/or Glass Lewis analyses are thoroughly reviewed and considered in making a final voting decision, the investment manager does not consider recommendations from RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or any other third party to be determinative of the investment managers ultimate decision. As a matter of policy, the officers, directors/trustees and employees of the investment manager and the Proxy Group will not be influenced by outside sources whose interests conflict with the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Efforts are made to resolve all conflicts in the interests of the investment managers clients. Material conflicts of interest are identified by the Proxy Group based upon analyses of client, distributor, broker-dealer and vendor lists, information periodically gathered from directors and officers, and information derived from other sources, including public filings. In situations where a material conflict of interest is identified, the Proxy Group may defer to the voting recommendation of RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or those of another independent third-party provider of proxy services; or send the proxy directly to the Fund with the investment manager's recommendation regarding the vote for approval. If the conflict is not resolved by the Fund, the Proxy Group may refer the matter, along with the recommended course of action by the investment manager, if any, to an interdepartmental Proxy Review Committee (which may include portfolio managers and/or research analysts employed by the investment manager), for evaluation and voting instructions. The Proxy Review Committee may defer to the voting recommendation of RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or those of another independent third-party provider of proxy services; or send the proxy directly to the Fund. Where the Proxy Group or the Proxy Review Committee refers a matter to the Fund, it may rely upon the instructions of a representative of the Fund, such as the board or a committee of the board.
Where a material conflict of interest has been identified, but the items on which the investment managers vote recommendations differ from Glass Lewis, RiskMetrics, or another independent third-party provider of proxy services relate specifically to (1) shareholder proposals regarding social or environmental issues or political contributions, (2) Other Business without describing the matters that might be considered, or (3) items the investment manager wishes to vote in opposition to the recommendations of an issuers management, the Proxy Group may defer to the vote recommendations of the investment manager rather than sending the proxy directly to the Fund for approval.
To avoid certain potential conflicts of interest, the investment manager will employ echo voting, if possible, in the following instances: (1) when the Fund invests in an underlying fund in reliance on any one of Sections 12(d) (1) (E), (F), or (G) of the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, or pursuant to any SEC exemptive orders thereunder; (2) when the Fund invests uninvested cash in affiliated money market funds pursuant to the rules under the 1940 Act or any exemptive orders thereunder (cash sweep arrangement); or (3) when required pursuant to the Funds governing documents or applicable law. Echo voting means that the investment manager will vote the shares in the same proportion as the vote of all of the other holders of the Funds shares.
The recommendation of management on any issue is a factor that the investment manager considers in determining how proxies should be voted. However, the investment manager does not consider recommendations from management to be determinative of the investment managers ultimate decision. As a matter of practice, the votes with respect to most issues are cast in accordance with the position of the company's management. Each issue, however, is considered on its own merits, and the investment manager will not support the position of the company's management in any situation where it deems that the ratification of managements position would adversely affect the investment merits of owning that companys shares.
Investment managers proxy voting policies and principles The investment manager has adopted general proxy voting guidelines, which are summarized below. These guidelines are not an exhaustive list of all the issues that may arise and the investment manager cannot anticipate all future situations. In all cases, each proxy will be considered based on the relevant facts and circumstances.
Board of directors. The investment manager supports an independent board of directors, and prefers that key committees such as audit, nominating, and compensation committees be comprised of independent directors. The investment manager will generally vote against management efforts to classify a board and will generally support proposals to declassify the board of directors. The investment manager will consider withholding votes from directors who have attended less than 75% of meetings without a valid reason. While generally in favor of separating Chairman and CEO positions, the investment manager will review this issue as well as proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration factors such as the companys corporate governance guidelines or provisions and performance.
Ratification of auditors of portfolio companies. The investment manager will closely scrutinize the role and performance of auditors. On a case-by-case basis, the investment manager will examine proposals relating to non-audit relationships and non-audit fees. The investment manager will also consider, on a case-by-case basis, proposals to rotate auditors, and will vote against the ratification of auditors when there is clear and compelling evidence of accounting irregularities or negligence.
Management and director compensation. A companys equity-based compensation plan should be in alignment with the shareholders long-term interests. The investment manager believes that executive compensation should be directly linked to the performance of the company. The investment manager evaluates plans on a case-by-case basis by considering several factors to determine whether the plan is fair and reasonable, including the RiskMetrics quantitative model utilized to assess such plans and/or the Glass Lewis evaluation of the plans. The investment manager will generally oppose plans that have the potential to be excessively dilutive, and will almost always oppose plans that are structured to allow the repricing of underwater options, or plans that have an automatic share replenishment evergreen feature. The investment manager will generally support employee stock option plans in which the purchase price is at least 85% of fair market value, and when potential dilution is 10% or less.
Severance compensation arrangements will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, although the investment manager will generally oppose golden parachutes that are considered to be excessive. The investment manager will normally support proposals that require a percentage of directors compensation to be in the form of common stock, as it aligns their interests with those of shareholders.
Anti-takeover mechanisms and related issues. The investment manager generally opposes anti-takeover measures since they tend to reduce shareholder rights. However, as with all proxy issues, the investment manager conducts an independent review of each anti-takeover proposal. On occasion, the investment manager may vote with management when the research analyst has concluded that the proposal is not onerous and would not harm the Fund or its shareholders interests. The investment manager generally supports proposals that require shareholder rights plans (poison pills) to be subject to a shareholder vote and will closely evaluate such plans on a case-by-case basis to determine whether or not they warrant support. In addition, the investment manager will generally vote against any proposal to issue stock that has unequal or subordinate voting rights. The investment manager generally opposes any supermajority voting requirements as well as the payment of greenmail. The investment manager generally supports fair price provisions and confidential voting.
Changes to capital structure. The investment manager realizes that a company's financing decisions have a significant impact on its shareholders, particularly when they involve the issuance of additional shares of common or preferred stock or the assumption of additional debt. The investment manager will review, on a case-by-case basis, proposals by companies to increase authorized shares and the purpose for the increase. The investment manager will generally not vote in favor of dual-class capital structures to increase the number of authorized shares where that class of stock would have superior voting rights. The investment manager will generally vote in favor of the issuance of preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock issuance are deemed reasonable.
Mergers and corporate restructuring. Mergers and acquisitions will be subject to careful review by the research analyst to determine whether they would be beneficial to shareholders. The investment manager will analyze various economic and strategic factors in making the final decision on a merger or acquisition. Corporate restructuring proposals are also subject to a thorough examination on a case-by-case basis.
Social and corporate policy issues. The investment manager will generally give management discretion with regard to social, environmental and ethical issues, although the investment manager may vote in favor of those that are believed to have significant economic benefits or implications for the Fund and its shareholders.
Global corporate governance. Many of the tenets discussed above are applied to the investment manager's proxy voting decisions for international investments. However, the investment manager must be flexible in these instances and must be mindful of the varied market practices of each region.
The investment manager will attempt to process every proxy it receives for all domestic and foreign issuers. However, there may be situations in which the investment manager cannot process proxies, for example, where a meeting notice was received too late, or sell orders preclude the ability to vote. If a security is on loan, the investment manager may determine that it is not in the best interests of the Fund to recall the security for voting purposes. Also, the investment manager may abstain from voting under certain circumstances or vote against items such as Other Business when the investment manager is not given adequate information from the company.
Shareholders may view the complete Policies online at franklintempleton.com. Alternatively, shareholders may request copies of the Policies free of charge by calling the Proxy Group collect at (954) 527-7678 or by sending a written request to: Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC, 300 S.E. 2nd Street, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301-1923, Attention: Proxy Group. Copies of the Funds proxy voting records are available online at franklintempleton.com and posted on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. The proxy voting records are updated each year by August 31 to reflect the most recent 12-month period ended June 30.
Investment manager and services provided The Fund's investment manager is Franklin Advisers, Inc. The investment manager is a wholly owned subsidiary of Resources, a publicly owned company engaged in the financial services industry through its subsidiaries. Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are the principal shareholders of Resources.
The investment manager provides investment research and portfolio management services, and selects the securities for the Fund to buy, hold or sell. The investment manager also selects the brokers who execute the Fund's portfolio transactions. The investment manager provides periodic reports to the board, which reviews and supervises the investment manager's investment activities. To protect the Fund, the investment manager and its officers, directors and employees are covered by fidelity insurance.
The investment manager and its affiliates manage numerous other investment companies and accounts. The investment manager may give advice and take action with respect to any of the other funds it manages, or for its own account, that may differ from action taken by the investment manager on behalf of the Fund. Similarly, with respect to the Fund, the investment manager is not obligated to recommend, buy or sell, or to refrain from recommending, buying or selling any security that the investment manager and access persons, as defined by applicable federal securities laws, may buy or sell for its or their own account or for the accounts of any other fund. The investment manager is not obligated to refrain from investing in securities held by the Fund or other funds it manages. Because the investment manager is a subsidiary of a financial holding company (FHC) under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, federal regulations applicable to FHCs may limit or restrict the Fund's ability to acquire or hold a position in a given security when it might otherwise be advantageous for the Fund to acquire or hold that security.
The Fund, its investment manager and principal underwriter have each adopted a code of ethics, as required by federal securities laws. Under the code of ethics, employees who are designated as access persons may engage in personal securities transactions, including transactions involving securities that are being considered for the Fund or that are currently held by the Fund, subject to certain general restrictions and procedures. The personal securities transactions of access persons of the Fund, its investment manager and principal underwriter will be governed by the code of ethics. The code of ethics is on file with, and available from, the SEC.
Management fees
The Fund pays the investment manager a fee equal to an annual rate of:
The fee is computed at the close of business on the last business day of each month according to the terms of the management agreement. Each class of the Fund's shares pays its proportionate share of the fee.
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Fund paid the following management fees:
Management Fees Paid ($) | |||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |
Biotechnology Fund 1 | 1,731,935 | 1,632,029 | 1,583,109 |
Natural Resources Fund 2 | 5,047,344 | 3,454,046 | 3,033,087 |
1. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, management fees, before any advance waiver, totaled $1,756,566, $1,653,871 and $1,656,398, respectively. Under an agreement by the investment manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Funds investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Fund paid the management fees shown.
2. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, management fees, before any advance waiver, totaled $5,129,073, $3,554,174 and $3,107,930, respectively. Under an agreement by the investment manager to limit its fees and to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Funds investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Fund paid the management fees shown.
Portfolio managers This section reflects information about the portfolio managers as of April 30, 2011.
The following table shows the number of other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the total assets in the accounts managed within each category:
Name |
Number of Other
Registered Investment Companies Managed 1 |
Assets of Other
Registered Investment Companies Managed (x $1 million) 1 |
Number of Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed 2 |
Assets of Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed (x $1 million) 2 |
Number of Other
Accounts Managed 2 |
Assets of Other
Accounts Managed (x $1 million) 2 |
Matthew Adams | 0 | N/A | 2 | 441.9 | 0 | N/A |
Fred Fromm | 0 | N/A | 3 | 529.3 | 0 | N/A |
Steve Land | 1 | 4,110.8 | 3 | 529.3 | 0 | N/A |
Evan McCulloch | 0 | N/A | 2 | 131.9 | 0 | N/A |
Vincent Xiang | 0 | N/A | 2 | 131.9 | 0 | N/A |
1. These figures represent registered investment companies other than the Funds that are included in this SAI.
2. The various pooled investment vehicles and accounts listed are managed by a team of investment professionals. Accordingly, the portfolio manager listed would not be solely responsible for managing such listed amounts.
Portfolio managers that provide investment services to the Fund may also provide services to a variety of other investment products, including other funds, institutional accounts and private accounts. The advisory fees for some of such other products and accounts may be different than that charged to the Fund and may include performance based compensation. This may result in fees that are higher (or lower) than the advisory fees paid by the Fund. As a matter of policy, each fund or account is managed solely for the benefit of the beneficial owners thereof. As discussed below, the separation of the trading execution function from the portfolio management function and the application of objectively based trade allocation procedures help to mitigate potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the portfolio managers managing accounts with different advisory fees.
Conflicts. The management of multiple funds, including the Fund, and accounts may also give rise to potential conflicts of interest if the funds and other accounts have different objectives, benchmarks, time horizons, and fees as the portfolio manager must allocate his or her time and investment ideas across multiple funds and accounts. The investment manager seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment discipline. Most other accounts managed by a portfolio manager are managed using the same investment strategies that are used in connection with the management of the Fund. Accordingly, portfolio holdings, position sizes, and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar portfolios, which may minimize the potential for conflicts of interest. As noted above, the separate management of the trade execution and valuation functions from the portfolio management process also helps to reduce potential conflicts of interest. However, securities selected for funds or accounts other than the Fund may outperform the securities selected for the Fund. Moreover, if a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one fund or other account, the Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of that opportunity across all eligible funds and other accounts. The investment manager seeks to manage such potential conflicts by using procedures intended to provide a fair allocation of buy and sell opportunities among funds and other accounts.
The structure of a portfolio managers compensation may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. A portfolio managers base pay and bonus tend to increase with additional and more complex responsibilities that include increased assets under management. As such, there may be an indirect relationship between a portfolio managers marketing or sales efforts and his or her bonus.
Finally, the management of personal accounts by a portfolio manager may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. While the funds and the investment manager have adopted a code of ethics which they believe contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent a wide range of prohibited activities by portfolio managers and others with respect to their personal trading activities, there can be no assurance that the code of ethics addresses all individual conduct that could result in conflicts of interest.
The investment manager and the Fund have adopted certain compliance procedures that are designed to address these, and other, types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation where a conflict arises.
Compensation. The investment manager seeks to maintain a compensation program that is competitively positioned to attract, retain and motivate top-quality investment professionals. Portfolio managers receive a base salary, a cash incentive bonus opportunity, an equity compensation opportunity, and a benefits package. Portfolio manager compensation is reviewed annually and the level of compensation is based on individual performance, the salary range for a portfolio managers level of responsibility and Franklin Templeton guidelines. Portfolio managers are provided no financial incentive to favor one fund or account over another. Each portfolio managers compensation consists of the following three elements:
Base salary Each portfolio manager is paid a base salary.
Annual bonus Annual bonuses are structured to align the interests of the portfolio manager with those of the Funds shareholders. Each portfolio manager is eligible to receive an annual bonus. Bonuses generally are split between cash (50% to 65%) and restricted shares of Resources stock (17.5% to 25%) and mutual fund shares (17.5% to 25%). The deferred equity-based compensation is intended to build a vested interest of the portfolio manager in the financial performance of both Resources and mutual funds advised by the investment manager. The bonus plan is intended to provide a competitive level of annual bonus compensation that is tied to the portfolio manager achieving consistently strong investment performance, which aligns the financial incentives of the portfolio manager and Fund shareholders. The Chief Investment Officer of the investment manager and/or other officers of the investment manager, with responsibility for the Fund, have discretion in the granting of annual bonuses to portfolio managers in accordance with Franklin Templeton guidelines. The following factors are generally used in determining bonuses under the plan:
Additional long-term equity-based compensation Portfolio managers may also be awarded restricted shares or units of Resources stock or restricted shares or units of one or more mutual funds. Awards of such deferred equity-based compensation typically vest over time, so as to create incentives to retain key talent.
Portfolio managers also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all employees of the investment manager.
Ownership of Fund shares. The investment manager has a policy of encouraging portfolio managers to invest in the funds they manage. Exceptions arise when, for example, a fund is closed to new investors or when tax considerations or jurisdictional constraints cause such an investment to be inappropriate for the portfolio manager. The following is the dollar range of Fund shares beneficially owned by the portfolio manager (such amounts may change from time to time):
Portfolio Manager |
Dollar Range
of Fund Shares Beneficially Owned |
Matthew Adams | None |
Fred Fromm |
Natural Resources Fund
$10,001 - $50,000 |
Steve Land |
Natural Resources Fund
$50,001 - $100,000 |
Evan McCulloch |
Biotechnology Discovery Fund
$10,001 - $50,000 |
Vincent Xiang |
Biotechnology Discovery Fund
$1 - $10,000 |
Administrator and services provided Franklin Templeton Services, LLC (FT Services) has an agreement with Biotechnology Fund, and the investment manager, on behalf of Natural Resources Fund to provide certain administrative services and facilities for the Funds. FT Services is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Resources and is an affiliate of the Funds investment manager and principal underwriter.
The administrative services FT Services provides include preparing and maintaining books, records, and tax and financial reports, and monitoring compliance with regulatory requirements.
Administration fees Biotechnology Fund and the investment manager pay FT Services a monthly fee equal to an annual rate of:
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Biotechnology Fund and the investment manager paid FT Services the following administration fees:
Administration Fees Paid ($) | |||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |
Biotechnology Fund | 481,970 | 451,161 | 451,919 |
Natural Resources Fund | 1,342,515 | 998,921 | 853,537 |
Shareholder servicing and transfer agent Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC (Investor Services) is the Fund's shareholder servicing agent and acts as the Fund's transfer agent and dividend-paying agent. Investor Services is located at 3344 Quality Drive, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313. Please send all correspondence to Investor Services at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151.
Investor Services receives a fee for servicing Fund shareholder accounts. The Fund also will reimburse Investor Services for certain out-of-pocket expenses necessarily incurred in servicing the shareholder accounts in accordance with the terms of its servicing contract with the Fund.
Investor Services may also pay servicing fees, that will be reimbursed by the Fund, in varying amounts to certain financial institutions (primarily to help offset their costs associated with client account maintenance support, statement preparation and transaction processing) that (i) maintain omnibus accounts with the Fund in the institution's name on behalf of numerous beneficial owners of Fund shares who are either direct clients of the institution or are participants in an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan (including Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans and Section 529 Plans) for which the institution, or its affiliate, provides participant level recordkeeping services (called "Beneficial Owners"); or (ii) provide support for Fund shareholder accounts by sharing account data with Investor Services through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) networking system. In addition to servicing fees received from the Fund, these financial institutions also may charge a fee for their services directly to their clients. Investor Services will also receive a fee from the Fund for services provided in support of Beneficial Owners and NSCC networking system accounts.
Custodian The Bank of New York Mellon, Mutual Funds Division, 100 Church Street, New York, NY 10286, acts as custodian of the Fund's securities and other assets. As foreign custody manager, the bank selects and monitors foreign sub-custodian banks, selects and evaluates non-compulsory foreign depositories, and furnishes information relevant to the selection of compulsory depositories.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111-4004, is the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm. The Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm audits the financial statements included in the Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders.
The investment manager selects brokers and dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions in accordance with criteria set forth in the management agreement and any directions that the board may give.
When placing a portfolio transaction, the trading department of the investment manager seeks to obtain "best execution" -- the best combination of high quality transaction execution services, taking into account the services and products to be provided by the broker or dealer, and low relative commission rates with the view of maximizing value for the Fund and its other clients. For most transactions in equity securities, the amount of commissions paid is negotiated between the investment manager and the broker executing the transaction. The determination and evaluation of the reasonableness of the brokerage commissions paid are based to a large degree on the professional opinions of the persons within the trading department of the investment manager responsible for placement and review of the transactions. These opinions are based on the experience of these individuals in the securities industry and information available to them about the level of commissions being paid by other institutional investors. The investment manager may also place orders to buy and sell equity securities on a principal rather than agency basis if the investment manager believes that trading on a principal basis will provide best execution. Orders for fixed-income securities are ordinarily placed with market makers on a net basis, without any brokerage commissions. Purchases of portfolio securities from underwriters will include a commission or concession paid to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers will include a spread between the bid and ask price.
The investment manager may cause the Fund to pay certain brokers commissions that are higher than those another broker may charge, if the investment manager determines in good faith that the amount paid is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services it receives. This may be viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the investment manager's overall responsibilities to client accounts over which it exercises investment discretion. The brokerage commissions that are used to acquire services other than brokerage are known as "soft dollars." Research provided can be either proprietary (created and provided by the broker-dealer, including tangible research products as well as access to analysts and traders) or third party (created by a third party but provided by the broker-dealer). To the extent permitted by applicable law, the investment manager may use soft dollars to acquire both proprietary and third-party research.
The research services that brokers may provide to the investment manager include, among others, supplying information about particular companies, markets, countries, or local, regional, national or transnational economies, statistical data, quotations and other securities pricing information, and other information that provides lawful and appropriate assistance to the investment manager in carrying out its investment advisory responsibilities. These services may not always directly benefit the Fund. They must, however, be of value to the investment manager in carrying out its overall responsibilities to its clients.
It is not possible to place an accurate dollar value on the special execution or on the research services the investment manager receives from dealers effecting transactions in portfolio securities. The allocation of transactions to obtain additional research services allows the investment manager to supplement its own research and analysis activities and to receive the views and information of individuals and research staffs from many securities firms. The receipt of these products and services does not reduce the investment manager's research activities in providing investment advice to the Fund.
As long as it is lawful and appropriate to do so, the investment manager and its affiliates may use this research and data in their investment advisory capacities with other clients.
Because Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), it may sometimes receive certain fees when the Fund tenders portfolio securities pursuant to a tender-offer solicitation. To recapture brokerage for the benefit of the Fund, any portfolio securities tendered by the Fund will be tendered through Distributors if it is legally permissible to do so. In turn, the next management fee payable to the investment manager will be reduced by the amount of any fees received by Distributors in cash, less any costs and expenses incurred in connection with the tender.
If purchases or sales of securities of the Fund and one or more other investment companies or clients supervised by the investment manager are considered at or about the same time, transactions in these securities will be allocated among the several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all by the investment manager, taking into account the respective sizes of the accounts and the amount of securities to be purchased or sold. In some cases this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the Fund is concerned. In other cases it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions may improve execution and reduce transaction costs to the Fund.
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Fund paid the following brokerage commissions:
Brokerage Commissions Fees Paid ($) | |||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |
Biotechnology Fund | 763,904 | 466,441 | 472,128 |
Natural Resources Fund | 761,566 | 752,521 | 661,130 |
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, the Fund paid brokerage commissions from aggregate portfolio transactions to brokers who provided research services as follows:
Brokerage
Commissions ($) |
Aggregate Portfolio
Transactions ($) |
|
Biotechnology Fund | 196,364 | 369,073,825 |
Natural Resources Fund | 304,460 | 534,392,956 |
As of April 30, 2011, the Fund did not own securities of its regular broker-dealers.
Because the Fund may, from time to time, invest in broker-dealers, it is possible that the Fund will own more than 5% of the voting securities of one or more broker-dealers through whom the Fund places portfolio brokerage transactions. In such circumstances, the broker-dealer would be considered an affiliated person of the Fund. To the extent the Fund places brokerage transactions through such a broker-dealer at a time when the broker-dealer is considered to be an affiliate of the Fund, the Fund will be required to adhere to certain rules relating to the payment of commissions to an affiliated broker-dealer. These rules require the Fund to adhere to procedures adopted by the board to ensure that the commissions paid to such broker-dealers do not exceed what would otherwise be the usual and customary brokerage commissions for similar transactions.
References to "the Code" and other references to the U.S. Federal income tax law, refer to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Treasury Regulations thereunder.
Multiclass distributions The Fund calculates income dividends and capital gain distributions the same way for each class. The amount of any income dividends per share will differ, however, generally due to any differences in the distribution and service (Rule 12b-1) fees applicable to the classes.
Distributions of net investment income The Fund receives income generally in the form of dividends and interest on its investments. This income, less expenses incurred in the operation of the Fund, constitutes the Fund's net investment income from which dividends may be paid to you. If you are a taxable investor, any income dividends (other than qualified dividends) the Fund pays are taxable to you at ordinary income tax rates. A portion of the income dividends paid to you may be qualified dividends eligible to be taxed at reduced rates.
Distributions of capital gains The Fund may realize capital gains and losses on the sale of its portfolio securities.
Distributions of short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long you have owned your shares in the Fund. Any net capital gains realized by the Fund (in excess of any available capital loss carryovers) generally are distributed once each year, and may be distributed more frequently, if necessary, to reduce or eliminate excise or income taxes on the Fund.
Capital gain dividends and any net long-term capital gains you realize from the sale of Fund shares are subject to a maximum rate of tax of 15% for individuals (0% for individuals in the 10% and 15% federal income tax brackets). These reduced rates of taxation of capital gain dividends and net long-term capital gains are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2012, unless extended or made permanent before that date. If these rates do sunset at the end of 2012, the rates for taxation of net capital gains that were in effect prior to these changes, including provisions for the taxation of five-year gains, will again be effective for 2013 and later years.
Returns of capital If the Fund's distributions exceed its earnings and profits (i.e., its taxable income and realized capital gains) for a taxable year, all or a portion of the distributions made in that taxable year may be characterized as a return of capital to you. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce the cost basis in your Fund shares and will result in a higher capital gain or in a lower capital loss when you sell your shares. Any return of capital in excess of the basis in your Fund shares, however, will be taxable as a capital gain. In the case of a non-calendar year fund, earnings and profits are first allocated to distributions made on or before December 31 of its taxable year and then to distributions made thereafter, effective for taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010. The effect of this provision is to push returns of capital into the next calendar year.
Investments in foreign securities The following paragraphs describe tax considerations that are applicable to the Fund's investments in foreign securities.
Effect of foreign withholding taxes. The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on income or gains from certain foreign securities. This, in turn, could reduce the Fund's income dividends paid to you.
Effect of foreign debt investments on distributions. Most foreign exchange gains realized on the sale of debt securities are treated as ordinary income by the Fund. Similarly, foreign exchange losses realized on the sale of debt securities generally are treated as ordinary losses. These gains when distributed are taxable to you as ordinary income, and any losses reduce the Fund's ordinary income otherwise available for distribution to you. This treatment could increase or decrease the Fund's ordinary income distributions to you, and may cause some or all of the Fund's previously distributed income to be classified as a return of capital.
PFIC securities. The Fund may invest in securities of foreign entities that could be deemed for tax purposes to be passive foreign investment companies (PFICs). When investing in PFIC securities, the Fund intends to mark-to-market these securities and recognize any gains at the end of its fiscal and excise (described below) tax years. Deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any current or previously recognized gains. These gains (reduced by allowable losses) are treated as ordinary income that the Fund is required to distribute, even though it has not sold the securities. If the Fund is unable to identify an investment as a PFIC security and thus does not make a mark-to-market election, the Fund may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any "excess distribution" or gain from the sale of the PFIC shares even if such income is distributed to you as a taxable dividend. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund on any deferred taxes arising from such income or gains.
The Fund's designation of a foreign security as a PFIC security will cause the income dividends of any designated securities to fall outside of the definition of qualified foreign corporation dividends. These dividends generally will not qualify for the reduced rate of taxation on qualified dividends when distributed to you by the Fund.
Information on the amount and tax character of distributions The Fund will inform you of the amount of your income dividends and capital gain distributions at the time they are paid, and will advise you of their tax status for federal income tax purposes shortly after the close of each calendar year. The amount of income dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders, consisting of qualified dividend income (which is relevant to U.S. investors) and interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends (which are relevant to non-U.S. investors) may exceed the total amount of income dividends paid. Such characterization will not result in more income being reported to you, but rather will allow the Fund to report dividends in a manner that is more tax efficient to both U.S. and non-U.S. investors. If you have not owned your Fund shares for a full year, the Fund may report and distribute to you:
a percentage of income that may not be equal to the actual amount of each type of income earned during the period of your investment in the Fund. Distributions declared in December to shareholders of record in such month, but paid in January, are taxable to you as if paid in December.
The Fund may at times find it necessary to reclassify income after it issues your tax reporting statement. This can result from rules in the Code that effectively prevent regulated investment companies such as the Fund from ascertaining with certainty until after the calendar year end the final amount and character of distributions the Fund has received on its investments during the prior calendar year. Prior to issuing your statement, Franklin Templeton Investments makes every effort to identify reclassifications of income to reduce the number of corrected forms mailed to shareholders. However, when necessary, the Fund will send you a corrected tax reporting statement to reflect reclassified information. If you receive a corrected tax reporting statement, use the information on this statement, and not the information on your original statement, in completing your tax returns.
Avoid "buying a dividend" At the time you purchase your Fund shares, the Funds net asset value may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation in the value of the portfolio securities held by the Fund. For taxable investors, a subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable. This tax treatment is required even if you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares. Buying shares in the Fund just before it declares an income dividend or capital gain distribution is sometimes known as buying a dividend. For example, if you buy 500 shares in a fund on December 10th at the fund's net asset value (NAV) of $10 per share, and the fund makes a distribution on December 15th of $1 per share, your shares will then have an NAV of $9 per share (disregarding any change in the fund's market value), and you will have to pay a tax on what is essentially a return of your investment of $1 per share.
Election to be taxed as a regulated investment company The Fund has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. It has qualified as a regulated investment company for its most recent fiscal year, and intends to continue to qualify during the current fiscal year. As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. Failure to qualify as a regulated investment company, subject to savings provisions for certain qualification failures, which, in general, are limited to those due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, would thus have a negative impact on the Funds income and performance. In that case, the Fund would be liable for federal, and possibly state, corporate taxes on its taxable income and gains, and distributions to you would be taxed as dividend income to the extent of the Fund's earnings and profits. Even if such savings provisions apply, the Fund may be subject to a monetary sanction of $50,000 or more. Moreover, the board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company if it determines such a course of action to be beneficial to shareholders.
Capital loss carryovers The capital losses of the Fund, if any, do not flow through to shareholders. Rather, the Fund may use its capital losses, subject to applicable limitations, to offset its capital gains without being required to pay taxes on or distribute to shareholders such gains that are offset by the losses. If the Fund has a "net capital loss" (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains) for a taxable year beginning after December 22, 2010, the excess (if any) of the Fund's net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund's next taxable year, and the excess (if any) of the Fund's net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund's next taxable year. Any such net capital losses of the Fund that are not used to offset capital gains may be carried forward indefinitely to reduce any future capital gains realized by the Fund in succeeding taxable years. However, for any net capital losses realized in taxable years of the Fund beginning on or before December 22, 2010, the Fund is only permitted to carry forward such capital losses for eight years as a short-term capital loss. Under a transition rule, capital losses arising in a taxable year beginning after December 22, 2010 must be used before capital losses realized in a prior taxable year.
Excise tax distribution requirements
Required distributions. To avoid federal excise taxes, the Code requires the Fund to distribute to you by December 31 of each year, at a minimum, the following amounts:
The Fund intends to declare and pay these distributions in December (or to pay them in January, in which case you must treat them as received in December), but can give no assurances that its distributions will be sufficient to eliminate all taxes.
Tax reporting for income and excise tax years. Because the periods for measuring a regulated investment companys income are different for income (determined on a fiscal year basis) and excise tax years (determined as noted above), special rules are required to calculate the amount of income earned in each period, and the amount of earnings and profits needed to support that income. For example, if the Fund uses the excise tax period ending on October 31 as the measuring period for calculating and paying out capital gain net income and realizes a net capital loss between November 1 and the end of the Funds fiscal year, it will likely have insufficient earnings and profits for its taxable year to support its required excise tax distribution. Accordingly, the Fund is permitted to elect to treat part or all of any "qualified late-year loss" as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Funds taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such "qualified late-year loss" as if it had been incurred in the succeeding year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year. Because these rules are not entirely clear, the Fund may be required to interpret the "qualified late-year loss" and other rules relating to these different year-ends to determine its taxable income and capital gains. The Funds reporting of income and its allocation between different taxable and excise tax years may be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), possibly resulting in adjustments in the income reported by the Fund on its tax returns and/or by the Fund to you on your year-end tax statements.
Sales of Fund shares. Sales and exchanges of Fund shares are taxable transactions for federal and state income tax purposes. If you sell your Fund shares, or exchange them for shares of a different Franklin Templeton fund, the IRS requires you to report any gain or loss on your sale or exchange. If you owned your shares as a capital asset, any gain or loss that you realize is a capital gain or loss, and is long-term or short-term, depending on how long you owned your shares.
Sales at a loss within six months of purchase. Any loss incurred on the sale or exchange of Fund shares owned for six months or less is treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term capital gains distributed to you by the Fund on those shares.
Wash sales. All or a portion of any loss that you realize on the sale of your Fund shares is disallowed to the extent that you buy other shares in the Fund within 30 days before or after your sale. Any loss disallowed under these rules is added to your tax basis in the new shares.
Deferral of basis. In reporting gain or loss on the sale of your Fund shares, you may be required to adjust your basis in the shares you sell under the following circumstances:
IF:
THEN: In reporting any gain or loss on your sale, all or a portion of the sales charge that you paid for your original shares is excluded from your tax basis in the shares sold and added to your tax basis in the new shares. For taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010, this provision will only apply if the new shares are acquired by January 31 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the disposition of the original shares occurred.
Cost basis reporting. Under the provisions of the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008, the Funds administrative agent will be required to provide you cost basis information on the sale of your Fund shares, subject to certain exceptions. This new cost basis reporting requirement is effective for Fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012. Information about cost basis reporting for Franklin Templeton funds is available at franklintempleton.com (under the Funds Tax Information) or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236.
Tax certification and backup withholding Tax laws require that you certify your tax information when you become an investor in the Fund. For U.S. citizens and resident aliens, this certification is made on IRS Form W-9. Under these laws, you may be subject to federal backup withholding at 28%, and state backup withholding may also apply, on a portion of your taxable distributions and sales proceeds unless you:
The Fund must also withhold if the IRS instructs it to do so. When withholding is required, the amount will be 28% of any taxable distributions.
U.S. government securities The income earned on certain U.S. government securities is exempt from state and local personal income taxes if earned directly by you. States also grant tax-free status to mutual fund dividends paid to you from interest earned on these securities, subject in some states to minimum investment or reporting requirements that must be met by the Fund. The income on Fund investments in certain securities, such as repurchase agreements, commercial paper and federal agency-backed obligations (e.g., Ginnie Mae and Fannie Mae securities), generally does not qualify for tax-free treatment. The rules on exclusion of this income are different for corporations.
Qualified dividends For individual shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may be qualified dividend income eligible for taxation at the 15% long-term capital gain rate (0% for individuals in the 10% and 15% federal rate brackets).
Dividends earned on the following income sources will qualify for this treatment:
Dividends from corporations exempt from tax, passive foreign investment companies (PFICs), and dividends paid from interest earned by the Fund on debt securities generally will not qualify for this favorable tax treatment.
Both the Fund and you must meet certain holding period requirements to qualify Fund dividends for this treatment. Specifically, the Fund must hold the stock for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the stock becomes ex-dividend. Similarly, you must hold your Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the Fund distribution goes ex-dividend. The ex-dividend date is the first date following the declaration of a dividend on which the purchaser of stock is not entitled to receive the dividend payment. When counting the number of days you held your Fund shares, include the day you sold your shares but not the day you acquired these shares.
While the income received in the form of a qualified dividend is taxed at the same rates as long-term capital gains, such income will not be considered as a long-term capital gain for other federal income tax purposes. For example, you will not be allowed to offset your long-term capital losses against qualified dividend income on your federal income tax return. Any qualified dividend income that you elect to be taxed at these reduced rates also cannot be used as investment income in determining your allowable investment interest expense. For other limitations on the amount of or use of qualified dividend income on your income tax return, please contact your personal tax advisor.
Each year the Fund will report to shareholders the portion of its ordinary dividend income that meets the definition of qualified dividend income taxable at reduced rates. If 95% or more of the Funds income is from qualified sources, it will be allowed to report 100% of its ordinary income distributions as qualified dividend income. This rule may have the effect of converting small amounts of ordinary income or net short-term capital gains, that otherwise would be taxable as ordinary income, into qualified dividend income eligible for taxation at reduced rates.
Sunsetting of provisions. The special provisions dealing with qualified dividend income are scheduled to sunset for taxable years of the Fund beginning after December 31, 2012, unless extended or made permanent before that date. The reduced rates of taxation of long-term capital gains are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2012. If these reduced rates do sunset, the rules on taxation of capital gains that were in effect prior to the adoption of these reduced rates, including provisions for the taxation of five-year gains, will again be effective for 2013 and later years.
Dividends-received deduction for corporations For corporate shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may qualify for the dividends-received deduction. This deduction generally is available to corporations for dividends paid by a fund out of income earned on its investments in domestic corporations. Because the income of the Fund is derived at least in part from investments in domestic securities, it is anticipated that a portion or all of the dividends paid by the Fund will qualify for this deduction. You may be allowed to deduct these qualified dividends, thereby reducing the tax that you would otherwise be required to pay. All dividends (including the deducted portion) are included in your calculation of alternative minimum taxable income. If the portion of income qualifying for this deduction is quite small, the Fund reserves the right to not report to shareholders these dividends as qualifying for the corporate dividends-received deduction.
Investment in complex securities The Fund may invest in complex securities that could require it to adjust the amount, timing or tax character (ordinary or capital) of the income, gains and losses it recognizes on these investments. This, in turn, could affect the amount, timing and tax character of the Funds income and gains distributed to you.
Derivatives. The Fund may invest in certain derivative contracts, including some or all of the following types of investments: options on securities and securities indices; financial and futures contracts; options on financial or futures contracts and stock index futures; foreign currency contracts, and forward and futures contracts on foreign currencies. If it makes any of these investments, it could be required to mark-to-market these contracts and realize any unrealized gains and losses at its fiscal year end even though it continues to hold the contracts. Under these rules, gains or losses on the contracts generally would be treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses, but gains or losses on certain foreign currency contracts would be treated as ordinary income or losses. In determining its net income for excise tax purposes, the Fund also would be required to mark-to-market these contracts annually as of October 31 (for capital gain net income and ordinary income arising from certain foreign currency contracts) and to realize and distribute any resulting income and gains.
Short selling and constructive sales. The Fund may enter into various options, futures and forward contracts, and is authorized to engage in short selling, including "short sales against the box." The Fund's entry into a short sale transaction or an option or other contract could be treated as the "constructive sale" of an "appreciated financial position," causing it to realize gain, but not loss, on the position.
Securities lending transactions. The Fund obtains additional income by lending its securities, typically to brokers. All amounts that are paid to the Fund in a securities lending transaction, including substitute dividend and interest payments, are treated as a "fee" for the temporary use of property. As a result, any substitute dividend payments received by the Fund are neither qualified dividend income eligible for taxation at reduced long-term capital gain rates in the case of individual shareholders nor eligible for the corporate dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders. Similarly, any substitute interest payments will not be qualified interest income exempt from U.S. withholding tax at source in the case of non-U.S. investors.
Tax straddles. If the Fund invests in any or all of the derivative contracts described in the paragraphs above, if it actively trades stock or otherwise acquires a position with respect to substantially similar or related property in connection with certain hedging transactions, or if it engages in spread, straddle or collar transactions, it could be deemed to hold offsetting positions in securities. If the Funds risk of loss with respect to specific securities in its portfolio is substantially diminished by the fact that it holds offsetting securities, including securities in a spread, collar, straddle or similar type of transaction, the Fund could be deemed to have entered into a tax "straddle" or to hold a "successor position" that would require any loss realized by it to be deferred for tax purposes.
Synthetic convertible securities. The Fund is permitted to invest in synthetic convertible securities, which are comprised of two distinct security components, for example, a nonconvertible fixed income security and warrants or stock or stock index call options. When combined, these investments achieve the same economic effect as an investment in a traditional convertible security: a desired income stream and the right to acquire shares of the underlying equity security. Even though these securities are economically equivalent to traditional convertible securities, each security forming part of such an investment is analyzed separately, and the tax consequences of an investment in the component parts of these securities could differ from those of an investment in a traditional convertible security.
Securities purchased at discount. The Fund is permitted to invest in securities issued or purchased at a discount, such as zero coupon, deferred interest or payment-in-kind (PIK) bonds, that could require it to accrue and distribute income not yet received. The Fund may also be able to invest in other debt obligations in or pending default. These obligations may not pay current interest, but may be subject to tax rules that require the Fund to currently accrue income for tax reporting, and then distribute that income to Fund shareholders to meet its fund qualification and excise tax distribution requirements. If it invests in these securities, the Fund could be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise might have continued to hold in order to generate sufficient cash to make these distributions.
Investment in taxable mortgage pools (excess inclusion Income). Under a Notice issued by the IRS, the Code and Treasury regulations to be issued, a portion of the Funds income from a U.S. REIT that is attributable to the REITs residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) or equity interests in a taxable mortgage pool (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will be subject to federal income tax in all events. The excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as a Fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related REMIC residual interest or, if applicable, taxable mortgage pool directly. In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on unrelated business income (UBTI), thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign stockholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. In addition, if at any time during any taxable year a disqualified organization (which generally includes certain cooperatives, governmental entities, and tax-exempt organizations not subject to UBTI) is a record holder of a share in a regulated investment company, then the regulated investment company will be subject to a tax equal to that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to the disqualified organization, multiplied by the highest federal income tax rate imposed on corporations. The Notice imposes certain reporting requirements upon regulated investment companies that have excess inclusion income. There can be no assurance that the Fund will not allocate to shareholders excess inclusion income.
These rules are potentially applicable to a fund with respect to any income it receives from the equity interests of certain mortgage pooling vehicles, either directly or, as is more likely, through an investment in a U.S. REIT. It is not anticipated that these rules will apply to a fund that has a non-REIT strategy.
State income taxes Some state tax codes adopt the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) through a certain date. In general, the California Revenue and Taxation Code currently conforms to the IRC as of January 1, 2009. As a result, such conforming states may not have adopted the version of the IRC that contains either the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, or other federal tax laws enacted after the applicable conformity date. Other states may have adopted an income or other basis of tax that differs from the IRC.
The information furnished by the Fund to shareholders and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) annually with respect to the amount and character of dividends paid, and records maintained by the Fund with respect to any corresponding adjustments to the cost basis of a shareholders Fund shares, will be prepared on the basis of current federal income tax law to comply with the information reporting requirements of the Code, and not on the basis of the law of any state in which a shareholder is resident or otherwise subject to tax. Under the current California Revenue and Taxation Code, certain funds are required to report federal tax information to the California Franchise Tax Board annually.
Accordingly, the amount and character of income, gain or loss realized by a shareholder with respect to his or her investment in Fund shares for state income tax purposes may differ from that for federal income tax purposes. Franklin Templeton Investments provides tax information on franklintempleton.com (under the Tax Center) regarding tax-exempt income by jurisdiction and U.S. government interest to assist shareholders with the preparation of their state income tax returns. Shareholders are solely responsible for determining the amount and character of income, gain or loss to report on their state income tax returns each year as a result of their purchase, holding and sale of Fund shares.
Non-U.S. investors Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax, and are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements.
In general. The United States imposes a flat 30% withholding tax (or a tax at a lower treaty rate) on U.S. source dividends. An exemption from this withholding tax is provided for capital gain dividends paid by the Fund from its net long-term capital gains. An exemption from withholding is also provided for short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends as described below, to the extent that these gains and dividends are paid with respect to taxable years of the Fund beginning before January 1, 2012. However, notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any taxable distributions and proceeds from the sale of your Fund shares will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person.
Capital gain distributions and short-term capital gain dividends. Dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as either (i) a distribution from net long-term capital gains (a capital gain dividend), or (ii) a distribution from net short-term capital gains (a short-term capital gain dividend) paid out of income earned within the Fund prior to the sunset date described above, other than long- or short-term capital gains realized on disposition of U.S. real property interests (see discussion below), are not subject to U.S. withholding tax unless you are a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the calendar year.
Interest-related dividends. Interest-related dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as paid from qualified net interest income earned prior to the sunset date described above are not subject to U.S. withholding tax. The Fund's qualified net interest income equals its qualified interest income less allocable expenses. "Qualified interest income" includes, in general, the sum of the Fund's U.S. source: i) bank deposit interest, ii) short-term original issue discount, iii) portfolio interest, and iv) any interest-related dividend passed through from another regulated investment company. On any payment date, the amount of an income dividend that is reported by the Fund as an interest-related dividend may be more or less than the amount that is so qualified. This is because the amount reported is based on an estimate of the Fund's qualified interest income for its entire fiscal year, which can only be determined with exactness at fiscal year end. As a consequence, the Fund may over withhold a small amount of U.S. tax from a dividend payment. In this case, the non-U.S. investor's only recourse may be to either forgo recovery of the excess withholding, or to file a United States nonresident income tax return to recover the excess withholding.
Limitations on tax reporting for interest-related dividends and short-term capital gains dividends for non-U.S. investors. It may not be practical in every case for the Fund to report to shareholders, and the Fund reserves the right in these cases to not report, small amounts of interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends. Additionally, the Fund's reporting of interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends may not, in turn, be passed through to shareholders by intermediaries who have assumed tax reporting responsibilities for this income in managed or omnibus accounts due to systems limitations or operational constraints. When the Fund has reported interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends, this information will be available online at franklintempleton.com, under the Funds Tax Information, or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236. If you are a shareholder of an institutional fund, you may obtain this information by calling Institutional Services at (800) 321-8563, or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236.
Effectively connected income. Income dividends paid by the Fund to non-U.S. investors on portfolio investments are generally subject to U.S. withholding tax at 30% or a lower treaty rate. However, if you hold your Fund shares in connection with a U.S. trade or business, your income and gains may be considered effectively connected income and taxed in the U.S. on a net basis at graduated income tax rates in which case you may be required to file a nonresident U.S. income tax return.
U.S. estate tax. As of the date of this Registration Statement, the U.S. federal estate tax has been reinstated. An individual who is a non-U.S. investor will be subject to U.S. federal estate tax on all or a portion of the value of Fund shares owned at the time of death, unless a treaty exemption applies between the country of residence of the non-U.S. investor and the U.S. Even if a treaty exemption is available, a decedents estate may nevertheless be required to file a U.S. estate tax return to claim the exemption, as well as to obtain a U.S. federal transfer certificate. The transfer certificate will identify the property (i.e., Fund shares) on which a U.S. federal tax lien has been released, and is required before the Fund can release a nonresident alien decedents investment in the Fund to his or her estate. For estates with U.S. situs assets of not more than $60,000 (there is a statutory estate tax credit for this amount of property), the Fund may accept, in lieu of a federal transfer certificate, an affidavit from the executor of the estate or other authorized individual evidencing that the U.S. situs assets (excluding any exempt assets as noted below) are at or below this threshold amount. Transfers by gift of shares of the Fund by a non-U.S. investor who is a nonresident alien individual will not be subject to U.S. federal gift tax. The tax consequences to a non-U.S. investor entitled to claim the benefits of a treaty between the country of residence of the non-U.S. investor and the U.S. may be different from the consequences described above. Non-U.S. investors should consult with their tax advisors on the estate tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.
For estates of decedents dying before January 1, 2012, the Code also provides for a partial exemption from U.S. estate tax for Fund shares held by an estate of a nonresident decedent. The amount treated as exempt is based on the proportion of the assets held by the Fund at the end of the quarter immediately preceding the decedents death that are treated as qualifying assets. In general, qualifying assets include U.S. bank deposits, U.S. debt obligations that pay portfolio interest and other property not within the United States.
Sunsetting of provisions. The provisions dealing with interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends that are discussed above are scheduled to sunset with respect to taxable years of the Fund ending on December 31, 2011 (calendar year Funds) or in 2012 (fiscal year Funds). The provisions creating a partial exemption from U.S. estate tax are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2011. Unless these rules are extended, or made permanent, non-U.S. investors will again be subject to nonresident withholding taxes on any ordinary dividends (including short-term capital gain dividends) that they receive, and will no longer be eligible for a reduction in their U.S. estate tax.
Tax certification and backup withholding as applied to non-U.S. investors. Non-U.S. investors have special U.S. tax certification requirements to avoid backup withholding (at a rate of 28%), and if applicable, to obtain the benefit of any income tax treaty between the non-U.S. investor's country of residence and the United States. To claim these tax benefits, the non-U.S. investor must provide a properly completed Form W-8BEN (or other Form W-8, where applicable, or their substitute forms) to establish his or her status as a non-U.S. investor, to claim beneficial ownership over the assets in the account, and to claim, if applicable, a reduced rate of or exemption from withholding tax under the applicable treaty. A Form W-8BEN provided without a U.S. taxpayer identification number remains in effect for a period of three years beginning on the date that it is signed and ending on the last day of the third succeeding calendar year. However, non-U.S. investors must advise the Fund of any changes of circumstances that would render the information given on the form incorrect, and must then provide a new W-8BEN to avoid the prospective application of backup withholding. Forms W-8BEN with U.S. taxpayer identification numbers remain valid indefinitely, or until the investor has a change of circumstances that renders the form incorrect and necessitates a new form and tax certification.
Investment in U.S. real property. The Fund may invest in equity securities of corporations that invest in U.S. real property, including U.S. real estate investment trusts (REITs). The sale of a U.S. real property interest (USRPI) by the Fund or by a U.S. REIT or U.S. real property holding corporation (USRPHC) in which the Fund invests may trigger special tax consequences to the Funds non-U.S. shareholders. A USRPHC is a U.S. corporation that invests more than 50% of its assets in U.S. real estate.
The Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (FIRPTA) makes non-U.S. persons subject to U.S. tax on disposition of a USRPI as if he or she were a U.S. person. Such gain is sometimes referred to as FIRPTA gain. A Funds investment in USRPI, including U.S. REITs, may trigger FIRPTA gain to the Funds non-U.S. investors on certain distributions from the Fund and on the sale or exchange of Fund shares.
Under a look-through rule, the Code treats distributions by a regulated investment company (RIC) received from a U.S. REIT or another RIC classified as a USRPHC or realized by the RIC on a sale of a USRPI (other than a domestically controlled U.S.-REIT or RIC that is classified as a qualified investment entity) as FIRPTA gain if all of the following requirements are met:
If these conditions are met, such Fund distributions to you are treated as gain from the disposition of a USRPI, causing the distributions to be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a rate of 35% (or, to the extent provided in future regulations, 20% in the case of taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010), and requiring that you file a nonresident U.S. income tax return. Even if you do not own more than 5% of a class of Fund shares, but the Fund is a qualified investment entity, such Fund distributions to you will be taxable as ordinary dividends rather than as a capital gain dividend (a distribution of long-term capital gains) or a short-term capital gain dividend subject to withholding at the 30% or lower treaty withholding rate.
These rules apply to dividends paid by a Fund before January 1, 2012 (unless such sunset date is extended or made permanent), except that after such sunset date, Fund distributions from a U.S.-REIT (whether or not domestically controlled) attributable to FIRPTA gain will continue to be subject to the withholding rules described above provided the Fund would otherwise be classified as a qualified investment entity.
Additionally, if the Fund is a USRPHC and is not domestically controlled, any gain realized on the sale or exchange of Fund shares by a non-U.S. investor that owns more than 5% of a class of Fund shares would be taxed as income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. The Fund will be a USRPHC if, in general, 50% or more of the fair market value of its assets consists of USRPI. For purposes of determining whether the Fund is a USRPHC, shares of U.S. REITs controlled by U.S. persons and holdings of 5% or less in the stock of publicly traded USRPHCs are not considered USRPI. After December 31, 2011 (unless such sunset date is extended or made permanent), a more than 5% non-U.S. shareholder of the Fund may no longer rely on the fact that the Fund is domestically controlled in order to exclude gain on the sale or exchange of Fund shares if the Fund is otherwise considered a USRPHC.
Because the Fund expects to invest less than 50% of its assets at all times, directly or indirectly, in U.S. real property interests, it expects that neither gain on the sale or redemption of Fund shares nor Fund dividends and distributions should be subject to FIRPTA reporting and tax withholding.
Other Tax Information This discussion of Distributions and Taxes is not written to provide you with tax advice, and does not purport to deal with all of the tax consequences that may be applicable to your investment in the Fund. You should consult your tax advisor regarding your particular circumstances before making an investment in the Fund, or about the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.
Organization, Voting Rights and Principal Holders
The Biotechnology Fund is a nondiversified series of Franklin Strategic Series (the Trust), and Natural Resources Fund is diversified series of the Trust, an open-end management investment company, commonly called a mutual fund. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust (a form of entity formerly known as a business trust) on January 25, 1991, and is registered with the SEC.
Biotechnology Fund currently offers two classes of shares, Class A and Advisor Class. Natural Resources Fund currently offers three classes of shares, Class A, Class C and Advisor Class. The Funds may offer additional classes of shares in the future. The full title of each class of each Fund is:
Shares of each class represent proportionate interests in the Fund's assets. On matters that affect the Fund as a whole, each class has the same voting and other rights and preferences as any other class. On matters that affect only one class, only shareholders of that class may vote. Each class votes separately on matters affecting only that class, or expressly required to be voted on separately by state or federal law. Shares of each class of a series have the same voting and other rights and preferences as the other classes and series of the Trust for matters that affect the Trust as a whole. Additional series may be offered in the future.
The Trust has noncumulative voting rights. For board member elections, this gives holders of more than 50% of the shares voting the ability to elect all of the members of the board. If this happens, holders of the remaining shares voting will not be able to elect anyone to the board.
The Trust does not intend to hold annual shareholder meetings. The Trust or a series of the Trust may hold special meetings, however, for matters requiring shareholder approval.
As of August 1, 2011, the principal shareholders of the Fund, beneficial or of record, were:
Name and Address | Share Class |
Percentage
(%) |
Biotechnology Fund | ||
Franklin Templeton Bank and Trust Services
FBO Rupert H. Johnson Jr. 47 West 200 Suite 500 Salt Lake City, UT 84101-1621 |
Advisor | 5.26 |
Natural Resources Fund | ||
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator
Conservative Target Fund 3344 Quality Drive Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 11.22 |
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator
Growth Target Fund 3344 Quality Drive Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 17.39 |
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator
Moderate Target Fund 3344 Quality Drive Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 24.85 |
From time to time, the number of Fund shares held in the "street name" accounts of various securities dealers for the benefit of their clients or in centralized securities depositories may exceed 5% of the total shares outstanding. To the best knowledge of the Biotechnology Fund, no other person holds beneficially or of record more than 5% of the outstanding shares of any class.
As of August 1, 2011, the officers and board members, as a group, owned of record and beneficially 6.2% of the Biotechnology Fund's Advisor Class and less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the other Funds and classes. The board members may own shares in other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments.The Fund continuously offers its shares through securities dealers who have an agreement with Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors). A securities dealer includes any financial institution that, either directly or through affiliates, has an agreement with Distributors to handle customer orders and accounts with the Fund. This reference is for convenience only and does not indicate a legal conclusion of capacity. Banks and financial institutions that sell shares of the Fund may be required by state law to register as securities dealers. If you buy or sell shares through your securities dealer, you may be charged a transaction processing fee by your securities dealer. Your securities dealer will provide you with specific information about any transaction processing fees you will be charged.
For investors outside the U.S., the offering of Fund shares may be limited in many jurisdictions. An investor who wishes to buy shares of the Fund should determine, or have a broker-dealer determine, the applicable laws and regulations of the relevant jurisdiction. Investors are responsible for compliance with tax, currency exchange or other regulations applicable to redemption and purchase transactions in any jurisdiction to which they may be subject. Investors should consult appropriate tax and legal advisors to obtain information on the rules applicable to these transactions.
All checks, drafts, wires and other payment mediums used to buy or sell shares of the Fund must be denominated in U.S. dollars. We may, in our sole discretion, either (a) reject any order to buy or sell shares denominated in any other currency or (b) honor the transaction or make adjustments to your account for the transaction as of a date and with a foreign currency exchange factor determined by the drawee bank. We may deduct any applicable banking charges imposed by the bank from your account.
When you buy shares, if you submit a check or a draft that is returned unpaid to the Fund we may impose a $10 charge against your account for each returned item.
If you buy shares through the reinvestment of dividends, the shares will be purchased at the net asset value determined on the business day following the dividend record date (sometimes known as the "ex-dividend date"). The processing date for the reinvestment of dividends may vary and does not affect the amount or value of the shares acquired.
Investment by asset allocators The Fund permits investment in the Fund by asset allocators (Asset Allocators) who represent underlying clients that have granted a power of attorney to the Asset Allocators to invest on their behalf. The Asset Allocators typically make asset allocation decisions across similarly situated underlying accounts that are invested in the Fund. As a result of adjustments in such asset allocation decisions, the Fund may experience relatively large purchases and redemptions when the Asset Allocators implement their asset allocation adjustment decisions. In such circumstances, the Fund may nevertheless restrict or reject trading activity by Asset Allocators in accordance with the Frequent Trading Policy of the Fund as set forth in the Funds Prospectus. Neither the Fund, nor its investment manager nor any other affiliated party receives any compensation or other consideration in return for permitting Fund investments by Asset Allocators.
Initial sales charges The maximum initial sales charge is 5.75% for Class A. There is no initial sales charge for Class C and Advisor Class.
The initial sales charge for Class A shares may be reduced for certain large purchases, as described in the prospectus. We offer several ways for you to combine your purchases in Franklin Templeton funds to take advantage of the lower sales charges for large purchases.
Letter of intent (LOI). You may buy Class A shares at a reduced sales charge by completing the LOI section of your account application. An LOI is a commitment by you to invest a specified dollar amount during a 13-month period. The amount you agree to invest determines the sales charge you pay. By completing the LOI section of the application, you acknowledge and agree to the following:
After you file your LOI with the Fund, you may buy Class A shares at the sales charge applicable to the amount specified in your LOI. Sales charge reductions based on purchases in more than one Franklin Templeton fund will be effective only after notification to Distributors that the investment qualifies for a discount. If you file your LOI with the Fund before a change in the Fund's sales charge, you may complete the LOI at the lower of the new sales charge or the sales charge in effect when the LOI was filed.
Your holdings in Franklin Templeton funds acquired before you filed your LOI will be counted towards the completion of the LOI.
If the terms of your LOI are met, the reserved shares will be deposited to an account in your name or delivered to you or as you direct.
If the amount of your total purchases is less than the amount specified in your LOI, the sales charge will be adjusted upward, depending on the actual amount purchased during the period. You will need to send Distributors an amount equal to the difference in the actual dollar amount of sales charge paid and the amount of sales charge that would have applied to the total purchases if the total of the purchases had been made at one time. Upon payment of this amount, the reserved shares held for your account will be deposited to an account in your name or delivered to you or as you direct. If within 20 days after written request the difference in sales charge is not paid, we will redeem an appropriate number of reserved shares to realize the difference. If you redeem the total amount in your account before you fulfill your LOI, we will deduct the additional sales charge due from the sale proceeds and forward the balance to you.
For LOIs filed on behalf of certain retirement plans, the level and any reduction in sales charge for these plans will be based on actual plan participation and the projected investments in Franklin Templeton funds under the LOI. These plans are not subject to the requirement to reserve 5% of the total intended purchase or to the policy on upward adjustments in sales charges described above, or to any penalty as a result of the early termination of a plan.
Waivers for investments from certain payments. Class A shares may be purchased without an initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) by investors who reinvest within 90 days:
If you paid a CDSC when you redeemed your Class A shares from a Franklin Templeton Investment Fund, a new CDSC will apply to your purchase of Fund shares and the CDSC holding period will begin again. We will, however, credit your Fund account with additional shares based on the CDSC you previously paid and the amount of the redemption proceeds that you reinvest.
If you immediately placed your redemption proceeds in a Franklin Templeton money fund, you may reinvest them as described above. The proceeds must be reinvested within 90 days from the date they are redeemed from the money fund.
Waivers for certain investors. The following investors or investments may qualify to buy Class A shares without an initial sales charge or CDSC due to anticipated economies in sales efforts and expenses, including:
Class C shares may be purchased without limit or CDSC by the Franklin Templeton Charitable Giving Fund.
Retirement plans. Provided that Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC is notified, Class A shares at NAV are available for:
A "Qualified Retirement Plan" is an employer sponsored pension or profit sharing plan that qualifies under section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, including 401(k), money purchase pension, profit sharing and defined benefit plans.
An "Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan" is a Qualified Retirement Plan, ERISA covered 403(b) and certain non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that operate in a similar manner to a Qualified Retirement Plan, such as 457 plans and executive deferred compensation arrangements, but not including employer sponsored IRAs.
A "Former DCS Plan" is an Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan that transferred participant level recordkeeping from the DCS Division of Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC to Great-West Retirement Services ® (GWRS) on November 2, 2007 and is a recordkeeping client of GWRS at the time of the rollover.
Sales in Taiwan. Under agreements with certain banks in Taiwan, Republic of China, the Fund's shares are available to these banks' trust accounts without a sales charge. The banks may charge service fees to their customers who participate in the trusts. A portion of these service fees may be paid to Distributors or one of its affiliates to help defray expenses of maintaining a service office in Taiwan, including expenses related to local literature fulfillment and communication facilities.
The Fund's Class A shares may be offered to investors in Taiwan through securities advisory firms known locally as Securities Investment Consulting Enterprises. In conformity with local business practices in Taiwan, Class A shares may be offered with the following schedule of sales charges:
Dealer and financial intermediary compensation Securities dealers may at times receive the entire sales charge. A securities dealer who receives 90% or more of the sales charge may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Financial institutions or their affiliated brokers may receive an agency transaction fee in the percentages indicated in the dealer compensation table in the Fund's prospectus.
Distributors may pay the following commissions to securities dealers who initiate and are responsible for purchases of Class A shares of $1 million or more: 1% (for funds with a maximum initial sales charge of 5.75%) and 0.75% (for funds with a maximum initial sales charge less than 5.75%) on sales of $1 million or more but less than $4 million, plus 0.50% on sales of $4 million or more but less than $50 million, plus 0.25% on sales of $50 million or more. Consistent with the provisions and limitations set forth in its Class A Rule 12b-1 distribution plan, the Fund may reimburse Distributors for the cost of these commission payments.
These payments may be made in the form of contingent advance payments, which may be recovered from the securities dealer or set off against other payments due to the dealer if shares are sold within 18 months of the calendar month of purchase. Other conditions may apply. Other terms and conditions may be imposed by an agreement between Distributors, or one of its affiliates, and the securities dealer.
In addition to the sales charge payments described above and the distribution and service (12b-1) fees described below under "The Underwriter - Distribution and service (12b-1) fees," Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates may make the following additional payments to securities dealers that sell shares of Franklin Templeton funds:
Marketing support payments. Distributors may make payments to certain dealers who are holders or dealers of record for accounts in one or more of the Franklin Templeton funds. A dealer's marketing support services may include business planning assistance, advertising, educating dealer personnel about the Franklin Templeton funds and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on the dealer's list of offered funds, and access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the dealer. Distributors compensates dealers differently depending upon, among other factors, sales and assets levels, redemption rates and the level and/or type of marketing and educational activities provided by the dealer. Such compensation may include financial assistance to dealers that enable Distributors to participate in and/or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events and other dealer-sponsored events. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine whether to continue such payments. In the case of any one dealer, marketing support payments will not exceed the sum of 0.08% of that dealer's current year's total sales of Franklin Templeton mutual funds and 0.05% (or 0.03%) of the total assets respectively, of equity or fixed income funds attributable to that dealer, on an annual basis.
Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates may also make marketing support payments to financial intermediaries in connection with their activities that are intended to assist in the sale of shares of Franklin Templeton funds, directly or indirectly, to certain Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans that have retained such financial intermediaries as plan service providers. Payments may be made on account of activities that may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: business planning assistance for financial intermediary personnel, educating financial intermediary personnel about the Franklin Templeton funds, access to sales meetings, sales representatives, wholesalers, and management representatives of the financial intermediary, and detailed sales reporting. A financial intermediary may perform the services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform the services. In the case of any one financial intermediary, such payments will not exceed 0.10% of the total assets of Franklin Templeton equity or fixed income mutual funds held, directly or indirectly, by such Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, on an annual basis. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine whether to continue such payments. Any current year sales to, or assets held on behalf of, Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans for which payment is made to a financial intermediary pursuant to this paragraph will be excluded from the calculation of marketing support payments pursuant to the preceding paragraph.
Consistent with the provisions and limitations set forth in its Rule 12b-1 distribution plans, the Fund may reimburse Distributors for the cost of a portion of these marketing support payments.
Marketing support payments may be in addition to any servicing fees paid by Investor Services and reimbursed by the Fund, as described further under Shareholder servicing and transfer agent above.
As noted below, Distributors may provide additional compensation to dealers and financial intermediaries, including dealers and financial intermediaries not listed below, related to transaction support and various dealer-sponsored events intended to educate financial advisers and their clients about the Franklin Templeton funds. The following is a list of FINRA member broker-dealers and financial intermediaries (including their respective affiliates) that Distributors anticipates will receive marketing support payments as of March 31, 2011. In addition to member firms of FINRA, Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates also makes marketing support and/or administrative services payments to certain other financial intermediaries that sell fund shares or provide services to Franklin Templeton funds and shareholders, such as banks, insurance companies, and plan administrators. These firms are not included in this list. You should ask your financial intermediary if it receives such payments.
ADP Retirement Services, American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc., American United Life Insurance Company, Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc., Ascensus, Inc., AXA Advisors, LLC, BBVA Compass Investment Solutions, Inc., Benjamin F. Edwards & Company, Inc., Cadaret Grant & Co., Inc., Cambridge Investment Research Inc., CCO Investment Services Corp., Chase Investment Services Corp., Commonwealth Financial Network, CPI Qualified Plan Consultants, Inc., CUNA Brokerage Services, Inc., CUSO Financial Services, L.P., Daily Access Corporation, Diversified Investment Advisors, Edward Jones, ExpertPlan, Inc., Fidelity Investments Institutional Services Company, Inc., Fifth Third Securities, Inc., Financial Network Investment Corporation, First Command Financial Planning, Inc., FSC Securities Corporation, Goldman, Sachs & Co., Great-West Retirement Services, Hartford Life, IFC Holdings, Inc. D/B/A INVEST Financial Corporation, ING Financial Partners, Inc., ING Institutional Plan Services, LLP, Investment Centers of America, Inc., J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc., Janney Montgomery Scott, LLC, John Hancock Distributors, LLC, Legend Equities Corporation, Lincoln Financial Advisors Corporation, Lincoln Financial Securities Corporation, Lincoln Investment Planning, Inc., Lincoln Retirement Services Company, LLC, LPL Financial Corporation, M&T Securities, Inc., Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, LLC, Multi-Financial Securities Corporation, National Planning Corporation, New York Life Retirement Plan Services, Newport Retirement Services, Inc., Northwestern Mutual Investment Services, LLC, PFS Investments, Inc., Pinellas County Schools, PNC Investments, LLC, PrimeVest Financial Services, Inc., Principal Financial Group, Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services, Inc., RBC Capital Markets Corporation, Richard D. Schubert, Inc., Robert W. Baird & Co., Inc., Royal Alliance Associates, Inc., SagePoint Financial, Inc., Securities America, Inc., Signator Investors, Inc., SII Investments, Inc., Sorrento Pacific Financial, LLC, Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, SunTrust Investment Services, Inc., TFS Securities, Inc., The Huntington Investment Company, The Investment Center, Inc., TIAA-CREF Individual & Institutional Services, LLC, Transamerica Advisors Life Insurance Company, UBS Financial Services, Inc., UBS Global Asset Management (US) Inc., UnionBanc Investment Services, LLC, U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc., USI Consulting Group, UVEST Financial Services Group, Inc. and Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC.
Marketing support payments made to organizations located outside the U.S., with respect to investments in the Fund by non-U.S. persons, may exceed the above-stated limitation.
Transaction support payments. The types of payments that Distributors may make under this category include, among others, payment of ticket charges of up to $20 per purchase or exchange order placed by a dealer or one time payments for ancillary services such as setting up funds on a dealer's mutual fund trading system.
Other payments. From time to time, Distributors, at its expense, may make additional payments to dealers that sell or arrange for the sale of shares of the Fund. Such compensation may include financial assistance to dealers that enable Distributors to participate in and/or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events, co-operative advertising, newsletters, and other dealer-sponsored events. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event, and can include travel expenses, such as lodging incurred by registered representatives and other employees in connection with training and educational meetings, client prospecting and due diligence trips.
Distributors routinely sponsors due diligence meetings for registered representatives during which they receive updates on various Franklin Templeton funds and are afforded the opportunity to speak with portfolio managers. Invitation to these meetings is not conditioned on selling a specific number of shares. Those who have shown an interest in Franklin Templeton funds, however, are more likely to be considered. To the extent permitted by their firm's policies and procedures, registered representatives' expenses in attending these meetings may be covered by Distributors.
Other compensation may be offered to the extent not prohibited by federal or state laws or any self-regulatory agency, such as FINRA. Distributors makes payments for events it deems appropriate, subject to Distributors' guidelines and applicable law.
You should ask your dealer for information about any payments it receives from Distributors and any services provided.
Contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) - Class A and C If you invest any amount in Class C shares or $1 million or more in Class A shares, either as a lump sum or through our cumulative quantity discount or letter of intent programs, a CDSC may apply on any Class A shares you sell within 18 months and any Class C shares you sell within 12 months of purchase. The CDSC is 1% of the value of the shares sold or the net asset value at the time of purchase, whichever is less.
CDSC waivers. The CDSC for any share class generally will be waived for:
Exchange privilege If you request the exchange of the total value of your account, declared but unpaid income dividends and capital gain distributions will be reinvested in the Fund and exchanged into the new fund at net asset value when paid. Backup withholding and information reporting may apply.
If a substantial number of shareholders should, within a short period, sell their Fund shares under the exchange privilege, the Fund might have to sell portfolio securities it might otherwise hold and incur the additional costs related to such transactions. On the other hand, increased use of the exchange privilege may result in periodic large inflows of money. If this occurs, it is the Fund's general policy to initially invest this money in short-term, interest-bearing money market instruments, unless it is believed that attractive investment opportunities consistent with the Fund's investment goals exist immediately. This money will then be withdrawn from the short-term, interest-bearing money market instruments and invested in portfolio securities in as orderly a manner as is possible when attractive investment opportunities arise.
The proceeds from the sale of shares of an investment company generally are not available until the seventh day following the sale. The funds you are seeking to exchange into may delay issuing shares pursuant to an exchange until that seventh day. The sale of Fund shares to complete an exchange will be effected at net asset value at the close of business on the day the request for exchange is received in proper form.
In certain comprehensive fee or advisory programs that hold Class A shares, at the discretion of the financial intermediary, you may exchange to Advisor Class shares or Class Z shares.
Class C shares of a Fund may be exchanged for Advisor Class or Class Z shares of the same Fund, if offered by the Fund, provided you meet the Funds eligibility requirements for purchasing Advisor Class or Class Z shares. The Class C shares that you wish to exchange must not currently be subject to any CDSC.
Systematic withdrawal plan Our systematic withdrawal plan allows you to sell your shares and receive regular payments from your account on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual basis. The value of your account must be at least $5,000 and the minimum payment amount for each withdrawal must be at least $50. For retirement plans subject to mandatory distribution requirements, the $50 minimum will not apply. There are no service charges for establishing or maintaining a systematic withdrawal plan.
Each month in which a payment is scheduled, we will redeem an equivalent amount of shares in your account on the day of the month you have indicated on your account application or, if no day is indicated, on the 20th day of the month. If that day falls on a weekend or holiday, we will process the redemption on the next business day. For plans set up before June 1, 2000, we will continue to process redemptions on the 25th day of the month (or the next business day) unless you instruct us to change the processing date. Available processing dates currently are the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th days of the month. When you sell your shares under a systematic withdrawal plan, it is a taxable transaction.
To avoid paying sales charges on money you plan to withdraw within a short period of time, you may not want to set up a systematic withdrawal plan if you plan to buy shares on a regular basis. Shares sold under the plan also may be subject to a CDSC.
Redeeming shares through a systematic withdrawal plan may reduce or exhaust the shares in your account if payments exceed distributions received from the Fund. This is especially likely to occur if there is a market decline. If a withdrawal amount exceeds the value of your account, your account will be closed and the remaining balance in your account will be sent to you. Because the amount withdrawn under the plan may be more than your actual yield or income, part of the payment may be a return of your investment.
To discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan, change the amount and schedule of withdrawal payments, or suspend one payment, we must receive instructions from you at least three business days before a scheduled payment. The Fund may discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan by notifying you in writing and will discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan automatically if all shares in your account are withdrawn, if the Fund receives notification of the shareholder's death or incapacity, or if mail is returned to the Fund marked unable to forward by the postal service.
Redemptions in kind The Fund has committed itself to pay in cash (by check) all requests for redemption by any shareholder of record, limited in amount, however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the value of the Fund's net assets at the beginning of the 90-day period. This commitment is irrevocable without the prior approval of the SEC. In the case of redemption requests in excess of these amounts, the board reserves the right to make payments in whole or in part in securities or other assets of the Fund, in case of an emergency, or if the payment of such a redemption in cash would be detrimental to the existing shareholders of the Fund. In these circumstances, the securities distributed would be valued at the price used to compute the Fund's net assets and you may incur brokerage fees in converting the securities to cash. The Fund does not intend to redeem illiquid securities in kind. If this happens, however, you may not be able to recover your investment in a timely manner.
Share certificates We will credit your shares to your Fund account. We do not issue share certificates unless you specifically request them. This eliminates the costly problem of replacing lost, stolen or destroyed certificates. If a certificate is lost, stolen or destroyed, you may have to pay an insurance premium of up to 2% of the value of the certificate to replace it.
Any outstanding share certificates must be returned to the Fund if you want to sell or exchange those shares or if you would like to start a systematic withdrawal plan. The certificates should be properly endorsed. You can do this either by signing the back of the certificate or by completing a share assignment form. For your protection, you may prefer to complete a share assignment form and to send the certificate and assignment form in separate envelopes.
General information If dividend checks are returned to the Fund marked "unable to forward" by the postal service, we will consider this a request by you to change your dividend option to reinvest all distributions. The proceeds will be reinvested in additional shares at net asset value until we receive new instructions.
Distribution or redemption checks sent to you do not earn interest or any other income during the time the checks remain uncashed. Neither the Fund nor its affiliates will be liable for any loss caused by your failure to cash such checks. The Fund is not responsible for tracking down uncashed checks, unless a check is returned as undeliverable.
In most cases, if mail is returned as undeliverable we are required to take certain steps to try to find you free of charge. If these attempts are unsuccessful, however, we may deduct the costs of any additional efforts to find you from your account. These costs may include a percentage of the account when a search company charges a percentage fee in exchange for its location services.
Sending redemption proceeds by wire or electronic funds transfer (ACH) is a special service that we make available whenever possible. By offering this service to you, the Fund is not bound to meet any redemption request in less than the seven-day period prescribed by law. Neither the Fund nor its agents shall be liable to you or any other person if, for any reason, a redemption request by wire or ACH is not processed as described in the prospectus.
There are special procedures for banks and other institutions that wish to open multiple accounts. An institution may open a single master account by filing one application form with the Fund, signed by personnel authorized to act for the institution. Individual sub-accounts may be opened when the master account is opened by listing them on the application, or by providing instructions to the Fund at a later date. These sub-accounts may be registered either by name or number. The Fund's investment minimums apply to each sub-account. The Fund will send confirmation and account statements for the sub-accounts to the institution.
If you buy or sell shares through your securities dealer, we use the net asset value next calculated after your securities dealer receives your request, which is promptly transmitted to the Fund. If you sell shares through your securities dealer, it is your dealer's responsibility to transmit the order to the Fund in a timely fashion. Your redemption proceeds will not earn interest between the time we receive the order from your dealer and the time we receive any required documents. Any loss to you resulting from your dealer's failure to transmit your redemption order to the Fund in a timely fashion must be settled between you and your securities dealer.
Certain shareholder servicing agents may be authorized to accept your transaction request.
For institutional and bank trust accounts, there may be additional methods of buying or selling Fund shares than those described in this SAI or in the prospectus. Institutional and bank trust accounts include accounts opened by or in the name of a person (includes a legal entity or an individual) that has signed an Institutional Account Application or Bank Trust Account Application accepted by Franklin Templeton Institutional, LLC or entered into a selling agreement and/or servicing agreement with Distributors or Investor Services. For example, the Fund permits the owner of an institutional account to make a same day wire purchase if a good order purchase request is received (a) before the close of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or (b) through the National Securities Clearing Corporations automated system for processing purchase orders (Fund/SERV), even though funds are delivered by wire after the close of the NYSE. If funds to be wired are not received as scheduled, the purchase order may be cancelled or reversed and the institutional account owner could be liable for any losses or fees the Fund, Distributors and/or Investor Services may incur.
In the event of disputes involving conflicting claims of ownership or authority to control your shares, the Fund has the right (but has no obligation) to: (i) restrict the shares and require the written agreement of all persons deemed by the Fund to have a potential interest in the shares before executing instructions regarding the shares; or (ii) interplead disputed shares or the proceeds from the court-ordered sale thereof with a court of competent jurisdiction.
Should the Fund be required to defend against joint or multiple shareholders in any action relating to an ownership dispute, you expressly grant the Fund the right to obtain reimbursement for costs and expenses including, but not limited to, attorneys fees and court costs, by unilaterally redeeming shares from your account.
The Fund may be required (i) pursuant to a validly issued levy, to turn your shares over to a levying officer who may, in turn, sell your shares at a public sale; or (ii) pursuant to a final order of forfeiture to sell your shares and remit the proceeds to the U.S. or state government as directed.
Using good faith efforts, the investment manager attempts to identify class action litigation settlements and regulatory or governmental recovery funds involving securities presently or formerly held by the Fund or issuers of such securities or related parties (Claims) in which the Fund may be eligible to participate. When such Claims are identified, the investment manager will cause the Fund to file proofs of claim. Currently, such Claim opportunities predominate in the U.S. and in Canada; the investment managers efforts are therefore focused on Claim opportunities in those jurisdictions. The investment manager may learn of such class action lawsuit or victim fund recovery opportunities in jurisdictions outside of North America (Foreign Actions), in which case the investment manager has complete discretion to determine, on a case-by-case basis, whether to cause the Fund to file proofs of claim in such Foreign Actions. In addition, the investment manager may participate in bankruptcy proceedings relating to securities held by the Fund and join creditors committees on behalf of the Fund.
Further, the investment manager may on occasion initiate and/or recommend, and the board of trustees of the Fund may approve, pursuit of separate litigation against an issuer or related parties in connection with securities presently or formerly held by the Fund (whether by opting out of an existing class action lawsuit or otherwise).
Clients of financial advisors whose firms have a Selling Agreement with Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc., and who are eligible for the Financial Advisor Service Team (FAST) may be eligible for Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® which offers enhanced service and transaction capabilities. Please contact Shareholder Services at (800) 632-2301 for additional information on this program.
Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) acts as the principal underwriter in the continuous public offering of the Fund's shares. Distributors is located at One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906.
Distributors does not receive compensation from the Fund for acting as underwriter of the Fund's Advisor Class shares.
The table below shows the aggregate underwriting commissions Distributors received in connection with the offering of the Fund's Class A and C shares, the net underwriting discounts and commissions Distributors retained after allowances to dealers, and the amounts Distributors received in connection with redemptions or repurchases of shares for the last three fiscal years ended April 30:
Total
Commissions Received ($) |
Amount
Retained by Distributors ($) |
Amount
Received in Connection with Redemptions and Repurchases ($) |
|
2011 | |||
Biotechnology Fund | 375,415 | 58,252 | 1,476 |
Natural Resources Fund | 5,709,744 | 933,976 | 33,598 |
2010 | |||
Biotechnology Fund | 460,806 | 73,089 | 225 |
Natural Resources Fund | 3,763,480 | 607,922 | 32,306 |
2009 | |||
Biotechnology Fund | 588,974 | 89,583 | 8,654 |
Natural Resources Fund | 3,306,957 | 517,771 | 71,288 |
Distributors may be entitled to payments from the Fund under the Rule 12b-1 plans, as discussed below. Except as noted, Distributors received no other compensation from the Fund for acting as underwriter.
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees - Class A and C The board has adopted a separate plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 for each class. Although the plans differ in some ways for each class, each plan is designed to benefit the Fund and its shareholders. The plans are expected to, among other things, increase advertising of the Fund, encourage purchases of Fund shares and service to its shareholders, and increase or maintain assets of the Fund so that certain fixed expenses may be spread over a broader asset base, with a positive impact on per share expense ratios. In addition, a positive cash flow into the Fund is useful in managing the Fund because the investment manager has more flexibility in taking advantage of new investment opportunities and handling shareholder redemptions.
Under each plan, the Fund pays Distributors or others for the expenses of activities that are primarily intended to sell shares of the class. These expenses also may include service fees paid to securities dealers or others who have executed a servicing agreement with the Fund, Distributors or its affiliates and who provide service or account maintenance to shareholders (service fees); and the expenses of printing prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, of marketing support and of preparing and distributing sales literature and advertisements. Together, these expenses, including the service fees, are "eligible expenses." The 12b-1 fees charged to each class are based only on the fees attributable to that particular class.
Beginning at the time of purchase, Distributors may pay the full 12b-1 fee to qualified financial advisor firms for shares purchased by the Franklin Templeton Charitable Giving Fund.
The Class A and C plans. The Fund may pay up to 0.35% per year of Class As average daily net assets. Of this amount, the Fund may pay up to 0.35% to Distributors or others, out of which Distributors generally will retain 0.10% for distribution expenses. The board of trustees has set, until further notice, the Class A distribution and service fees paid by the Fund to Distributors at 0.30% per year of Class A's average daily net assets, out of which 0.25% may be paid for services to the shareholders (service fees).
The Fund pays Distributors up to 1% per year of Class C's average daily net assets, out of which 0.25% may be paid for services to the shareholders (service fees). The Class C plan also may be used to pay Distributors for advancing commissions to securities dealers with respect to the initial sale of Class C shares.
The Class A plan is a reimbursement plan. It allows the Fund to reimburse Distributors for eligible expenses that Distributors has shown it has incurred. The Fund will not reimburse more than the maximum amount allowed under the plan.
The Class C plan is a compensation plan. It allows the Fund to pay a fee to Distributors that may be more than the eligible expenses Distributors has incurred at the time of the payment. Distributors must, however, demonstrate to the board that it has spent or has near-term plans to spend the amount received on eligible expenses. The Fund will not pay more than the maximum amount allowed under the plan.
Under the Class A plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were:
Biotechnology
($) |
Natural
Resources ($) |
|
Advertising | 99,673 | 174,380 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 5,183 | 5,649 |
Payments to underwriters | 36,322 | 90,761 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 809,723 | 2,100,077 |
Other | | |
Total | 950,901 | 2,370,867 |
Under the Class C plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were:
Natural
Resources ($) |
|
Advertising | 26,648 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current Shareholders | 789 |
Payments to underwriters | 14,269 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 1,481,775 |
Other | |
Total | 1,523,481 |
In addition to the payments that Distributors or others are entitled to under each plan, each plan also provides that to the extent the Fund, the investment manager or Distributors or other parties on behalf of the Fund, the investment manager or Distributors make payments that are deemed to be for the financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares within the context of Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant to the plan.
To the extent fees are for distribution or marketing functions, as distinguished from administrative servicing or agency transactions, certain banks may not participate in the plans because of applicable federal law prohibiting certain banks from engaging in the distribution of mutual fund shares. These banks, however, are allowed to receive fees under the plans for administrative servicing or for agency transactions.
Distributors must provide written reports to the board at least quarterly on the amounts and purpose of any payment made under the plans and any related agreements, and furnish the board with such other information as the board may reasonably request to enable it to make an informed determination of whether the plans should be continued.
Each plan has been approved according to the provisions of Rule 12b-1. The terms and provisions of each plan also are consistent with Rule 12b-1.
Performance quotations are subject to SEC rules. These rules require the use of standardized performance quotations or, alternatively, that every non-standardized performance quotation furnished by the Fund be accompanied by certain standardized performance information computed as required by the SEC. Average annual total return before taxes, average annual total return after taxes on distributions and average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of shares quotations used by the Fund are based on the standardized methods of computing performance mandated by the SEC. An explanation of these and other methods used by the Fund to compute or express performance follows. Regardless of the method used, past performance does not guarantee future results, and is an indication of the return to shareholders only for the limited historical period used.
Average annual total return before taxes Average annual total return before taxes is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
When considering the average annual total return before taxes quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return
n = number of years
ERV = ending redeemable value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period
Average annual total return after taxes on distributions Average annual total return after taxes on distributions is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value, after taxes on distributions. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions, less the taxes due on such distributions, are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees, but assumes that the redemption itself had no tax consequences. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
Taxes due on distributions are calculated by applying the highest individual marginal federal income tax rates in effect on the reinvestment date, using the rates that correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., the ordinary income rate for distributions of ordinary income and net short-term capital gains, and the long-term capital gain rate for distributions of net long-term capital gains). The taxable amount and tax character of a distribution may be adjusted to reflect any recharacterization of the distribution since its original date. Distributions are adjusted to reflect the federal tax impact the distribution would have on an individual taxpayer on the reinvestment date; for example, no taxes are assumed to be due on the portion of any distribution that would not result in federal income tax on an individual (e.g., tax-exempt interest or non-taxable returns of capital). The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, is taken into account in accordance with federal tax law. Any potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes) are disregarded, as are the effects of phaseouts of certain exemptions, deductions, and credits at various income levels, and the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax. Any redemptions of shares required to pay recurring fees charged to shareholder accounts are assumed to result in no additional taxes or tax credits.
The Funds sales literature and advertising commonly refer to this calculation as the Funds after-tax average annual total return (pre-liquidation). When considering the average annual total return after taxes on distributions quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return (after taxes on distributions)
n = number of years
ATV D = ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period, after taxes on fund distributions but not after taxes on redemption
Average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares Average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value, after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees, including taxes upon sale of fund shares. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
Taxes due on distributions are calculated by applying the highest individual marginal federal income tax rates in effect on the reinvestment date, using the rates that correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., the ordinary income rate for distributions of ordinary income and net short-term capital gains, and the long-term capital gain rate for distributions of net long-term capital gains). The taxable amount and tax character of a distribution may be adjusted to reflect any recharacterization of the distribution since its original date. Distributions are adjusted to reflect the federal tax impact the distribution would have on an individual taxpayer on the reinvestment date; for example, no taxes are assumed to be due on the portion of any distribution that would not result in federal income tax on an individual (e.g., tax-exempt interest or non-taxable returns of capital). The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, is taken into account in accordance with federal tax law. Any potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes) are disregarded, as are the effects of phaseouts of certain exemptions, deductions, and credits at various income levels, and the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax. Any redemptions of shares required to pay recurring fees charged to shareholder accounts are assumed to result in no additional taxes or tax credits.
The capital gain or loss upon redemption is calculated by subtracting the tax basis from the redemption proceeds, after deducting any nonrecurring charges assessed at the end of the period, subtracting capital gains taxes resulting from the redemption, or adding the tax benefit from capital losses resulting from the redemption. In determining the basis for a reinvested distribution, the distribution is included net of taxes assumed paid from the distribution, but not net of any sales loads imposed upon reinvestment. Tax basis is adjusted for any distributions representing returns of capital and any other tax basis adjustments that would apply to an individual taxpayer, as permitted by applicable federal law. The amount and character (e.g., short-term or long-term) of capital gain or loss upon redemption are separately determined for shares acquired through the initial investment and each subsequent purchase through reinvested distributions. Shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions are not assumed to have the same holding period as the initial investment. The tax character of such reinvestments is determined by the length of the period between reinvestment and the end of the measurement period in the case of reinvested distributions. Capital gains taxes (or the benefit resulting from tax losses) are calculated using the highest federal individual capital gains tax rate for gains of the appropriate character in effect on the redemption date and in accordance with federal law applicable on the redemption date. Shareholders are assumed to have sufficient capital gains of the same character from other investments to offset any capital losses from the redemption, so that the taxpayer may deduct the capital losses in full.
The Funds sales literature and advertising commonly refer to this calculation as the Funds after-tax average annual total return (post-liquidation). When considering the average annual total return after taxes on distributions quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return (after taxes on distributions and redemptions)
n = number of years
ATV DR = ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period, after taxes on fund distributions and redemption
Cumulative total return Like average annual total return, cumulative total return assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value, the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees. Cumulative total return, however, is based on the actual return for a specified period rather than on the average return.
Volatility Occasionally statistics may be used to show the Fund's volatility or risk. Measures of volatility or risk are generally used to compare the Fund's net asset value or performance to a market index. One measure of volatility is beta. Beta is the volatility of a fund relative to the total market, as represented by an index considered representative of the types of securities in which the fund invests. A beta of more than 1.00 indicates volatility greater than the market and a beta of less than 1.00 indicates volatility less than the market. Another measure of volatility or risk is standard deviation. Standard deviation is used to measure variability of net asset value or total return around an average over a specified period of time. The idea is that greater volatility means greater risk undertaken in achieving performance.
Other performance quotations The Fund also may quote the performance of Class A shares without a sales charge. Sales literature and advertising may quote a cumulative total return, average annual total return and other measures of performance with the substitution of net asset value for the public offering price.
Sales literature referring to the use of the Fund as a potential investment for IRAs, business retirement plans, and other tax-advantaged retirement plans may quote a total return based upon compounding of dividends on which it is presumed no federal income tax applies.
The Fund may include in its advertising or sales material information relating to investment goals and performance results of funds belonging to Franklin Templeton Investments. Resources is the parent company of the advisors and underwriter of Franklin Templeton funds.
The Fund may help you achieve various investment goals such as accumulating money for retirement, saving for a down payment on a home, college costs and other long-term goals. The Franklin College Savings Planner may help you in determining how much money must be invested on a monthly basis to have a projected amount available in the future to fund a child's college education. (Projected college cost estimates are based upon current costs published by the College Board.) The Franklin Retirement Savings Planner leads you through the steps to start a retirement savings program. Of course, an investment in the Fund cannot guarantee that these goals will be met.
The Fund is a member of Franklin Templeton Investments, one of the largest mutual fund organizations in the U.S., and may be considered in a program for diversification of assets. Founded in 1947, Franklin is one of the oldest mutual fund organizations and now services more than 2 million shareholder accounts. In 1992, Franklin, a leader in managing fixed-income mutual funds and an innovator in creating domestic equity funds, joined forces with Templeton, a pioneer in international investing. The Mutual Series team, known for its value-driven approach to domestic equity investing, became part of the organization four years later. In 2001, the Fiduciary Trust team, known for providing global investment management to institutions and high net worth clients worldwide, joined the organization. Together, Franklin Templeton Investments has, as of July 31, 2011, over $747 billion in assets under management for more than 4 million U.S. based mutual fund shareholder and other accounts. Franklin Templeton Investments offers 107 U.S. based open-end investment companies to the public. The Fund may identify itself by its NASDAQ symbol or CUSIP number.
Currently, there are more mutual funds than there are stocks listed on the NYSE. While many of them have similar investment goals, no two are exactly alike. Shares of the Fund are generally sold through securities dealers, whose investment representatives are experienced professionals who can offer advice on the type of investments suitable to your unique goals and needs, as well as the risks associated with such investments.
Corporate Obligation Ratings
Moody's
INVESTMENT GRADE
Aaa: Bonds rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa: Bonds rated Aa are judged to be high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A: Bonds rated A are considered upper medium-grade obligations and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa: Bonds rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk and are considered medium-grade obligations. As such they may have certain speculative characteristics.
BELOW INVESTMENT GRADE
Ba: Bonds rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B: Bonds rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa: Bonds rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca: Bonds rated Ca are considered highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C: Bonds rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default. They have little prospects for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
S&P ®
The issue rating definitions are expressions in terms of default risk. As such, they pertain to senior obligations of an entity. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy. (Such differentiation applies when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.) Accordingly, in the case of junior debt, the rating may not conform exactly with the category definition.
INVESTMENT GRADE
AAA: This is the highest rating assigned by S&P to a debt obligation. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA: Obligations rated AA differ from AAA issues only in a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A: Obligations rated A are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in the higher ratings categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB: Obligations rated BBB exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BELOW INVESTMENT GRADE
BB, B, CCC, CC, C: Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation. While these obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC: An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC: An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C: A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The C rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. The C rating is also assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is still making payments.
D: Obligations rated D are in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating is also used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or minus (-): The ratings from "AA" to "CCC" may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
r: This symbol is attached to the ratings of instruments with significant noncredit risks and highlights risks to principal or volatility of expected returns that are not addressed in the credit rating.
Franklin Strategic Income Fund Franklin Strategic Series |
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
|
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | Advisor Class |
FRSTX | FKSBX | FSGCX | FKSRX | FKSAX |
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION September 1, 2011 This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus. It contains information in addition to the information in the Fund's prospectus. The Funds prospectus, dated September 1, 2011, which we may amend from time to time, contains the basic information you should know before investing in the Fund. You should read this SAI together with the Funds prospectus. The audited financial statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm in the Funds Annual Report to Shareholders, for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, are incorporated by reference (are legally a part of this SAI). For a free copy of the current prospectus or annual report, contact your investment representative or call (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236. |
CONTENTS
|
194 SAI 09/11 |
The following information provided with respect to the Fund is in addition to that included in the Funds prospectus.
In addition to the main types of investments and strategies undertaken by the Fund as described in the prospectus, the Fund also may invest in other types of securities and engage in and pursue other investment strategies, which are described in this SAI. Investments and investment strategies with respect to the Fund are discussed in greater detail in the section below entitled "Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks.
Generally, the policies and restrictions discussed in this SAI and in the prospectus apply when the Fund makes an investment. In most cases, the Fund is not required to sell a security because circumstances change and the security no longer meets one or more of the Fund's policies or restrictions. If a percentage restriction or limitation is met at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in the percentage due to a change in the value or liquidity of portfolio securities will not be considered a violation of the restriction or limitation.
If a bankruptcy or other extraordinary event occurs concerning a particular security the Fund owns, the Fund may receive stock, real estate or other investments that the Fund would not, or could not, buy. If this happens, the Fund intends to sell such investments as soon as practicable while trying to maximize the return to shareholders.
The Fund has adopted certain investment restrictions as fundamental and non-fundamental policies. A fundamental policy may only be changed if the change is approved by (i) more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares or (ii) 67% or more of the Fund's shares present at a shareholder meeting if more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy, whichever is less. A non-fundamental policy may be changed without the approval of shareholders.
Fundamental Investment Policies
The Funds principal investment goal is to earn a high level of current income. Its secondary goal is capital appreciation over the long term.
The Fund may not:
1. Borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act), or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
2. Act as an underwriter, except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter when disposing of securities it owns or when selling its own shares.
3. Make loans if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other persons, including other investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the SEC. This limitation does not apply to (i) the lending of portfolio securities, (ii) the purchase of debt securities, other debt instruments, loan participations and/or engaging in direct corporate loans in accordance with its investment goals and policies, and (iii) repurchase agreements to the extent the entry into a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan.
4. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments and provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from (i) purchasing or selling securities or instruments secured by real estate or interests therein, securities or instruments representing interests in real estate or securities or instruments of issuers that invest, deal or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or interests therein, and (ii) making, purchasing or selling real estate mortgage loans.
5. Purchase or sell physical commodities, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments and provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from (i) engaging in transactions involving currencies and futures contracts and options thereon or (ii) investing in securities or other instruments that are secured by physical commodities.
6. Issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the SEC.
7. Invest more than 25% of the Fund's net assets in securities of issuers in any one industry (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies).
8. Purchase the securities of any one issuer (other than the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies, whether registered or excluded from registration under Section 3(c) of the 1940 Act) if immediately after such investment (i) more than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets would be invested in such issuer or (ii) more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer would be owned by the Fund, except that up to 25% of the value of the Funds total assets may be invested without regard to such 5% and 10% limitations.
Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
Additional StrategiesIn trying to achieve its investment goals, the Fund may invest in the types of instruments or engage in the types of transactions identified below. The Fund may or may not use all of these techniques at any one time. A more detailed description of the investment policies as well as the risks associated with these investment policies that the Fund uses is included in the section Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks.
The Fund may:
Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks
Certain words or phrases may be used in descriptions of Fund investment policies and strategies to give investors a general sense of the Fund's levels of investment. They are broadly identified with, but not limited to, the following percentages of Fund total assets:
"small portion" | less than 10% |
"portion" | 10% to 25% |
"significant" | 25% to 50% |
"substantial" | 50% to 66% |
"primary" | 66% to 80% |
"predominant" | 80% or more |
If the Fund intends to limit particular investments or strategies to no more than specific percentages of Fund assets, the prospectus or SAI will clearly identify such limitations. The percentages above are not limitations unless specifically stated as such in the Fund's prospectus or elsewhere in this SAI.
The Fund may invest in securities that are rated by various rating services such as Moody's Investors Service (Moody's) and Standard & Poor's (S&P ® ).
The value of your shares will increase as the value of the investments owned by the Fund increases and will decrease as the value of the Fund's investments decreases. In this way, you participate in any change in the value of the investments owned by the Fund. In addition to the factors that affect the value of any particular investment that the Fund owns, the value of the Fund's shares may also change with movements in the stock and bond markets as a whole.
The following is a description of various types of securities, instruments and techniques that may be purchased and/or used by the Fund:
Asset-backed securities Asset-backed securities represent interests in a pool of loans, leases or other receivables. The assets underlying asset-backed securities may include receivables on home equity loans, credit card loans, and automobile, mobile home and recreational vehicle loans and leases and other assets. Asset-backed securities are often backed by a pool of assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties and may have adjustable interest rates that reset at periodic intervals.
The credit quality of most asset-backed securities depends primarily on the credit quality of the underlying assets, how well the issuers of the securities are insulated from the credit risk of the originator or affiliated entities, and the amount of credit support (if any) provided to the securities. Credit support for asset-backed securities is intended to lessen the effect of failures by obligors (such as individual borrowers or leasers) on the underlying assets to make payments. Credit support generally falls into two categories: (i) liquidity protection; and (ii) protection against losses from the default by an obligor on the underlying assets.
Liquidity protection refers to advances, generally provided by the entity administering the pool of assets, intended to ensure that the receipt of payments due on the underlying pool is timely. Protection against losses from the default by an obligor can enhance the likelihood of payments of the obligations on at least some of the assets in the pool. Protection against losses from default may be provided through guarantees, insurance policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties. Alternatively, this protection may be provided through various means of structuring the transaction, or through a combination of these approaches.
Examples of credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include "senior subordinated securities" (securities with one or more classes that are subordinate to the other classes with respect to the payment of principal and interest, with the result that defaults on the underlying assets should be borne first by the holders of the subordinated class), creation of "reserve funds" (where cash or investments, sometimes funded from a portion of the payments on the underlying assets, are held in reserve against future losses), and "over-collateralization" (where the scheduled payments on, or the principal amount of, the underlying assets exceeds that required to make payments on the securities and pay any servicing or other fees).
The degree of credit support provided is generally based on historical information about the level of credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Historical information may not adequately reflect present or future credit risk. Delinquencies or losses in excess of those anticipated could occur and could adversely affect the return on an investment in the securities. There is no guarantee that the type of credit support selected will be effective at reducing the illiquidity or losses to investors in the event of certain defaults. Where credit support is provided by a third party, the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of that third party in addition to the credit risk of the issuer or sponsor of the asset-backed security and the underlying obligors.
Asset-backed securities also have risk due to a characteristic known as early amortization, or early payout, risk. Built into the structure of certain asset-backed securities are triggers for early payout, designed to protect investors from losses. These triggers are unique to each transaction and can include, among other things: a significant rise in defaults on the underlying loans, a sharp drop in the credit enhancement level, or the bankruptcy of the issuer or sponsor. Once early amortization begins, all incoming loan payments are used to pay investors as quickly as possible. Prepayment risk also arises when the underlying obligations may be satisfied or "prepaid" before due. Certain asset-backed securities backed by automobile receivables may be affected by such early prepayment of principal on the underlying vehicle sales contract. When amortization or prepayment occurs, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds at a rate of interest that is lower than the rate on the existing asset-backed security. In addition, the Fund may suffer a loss if it paid a premium for the asset-backed security as cash flows from the early amortization reduce the value of the premium paid.
Alternatively, if prepayments occur at a slower rate than the investment manager expected, or if payment on the underlying assets is delayed or defaulted upon, the Fund will experience extension risk.
The income received by the Fund on an asset-backed security generally fluctuates more than the income on fixed income debt securities. This is because asset-backed securities are usually structured as pass-through or pay-through securities (similar to mortgage securities and collateralized mortgage obligations). Cash flow generated by payments on the underlying obligations in these structures is shared with the investor as it is received. The rate of payment on asset-backed securities generally depends on the rate of principal and interest payments received on the underlying assets. Payments on underlying assets will be affected by various economic and other factors that shape the market for those underlying assets. Therefore, the income on asset-backed securities will be difficult to predict, and actual yield to maturity will be more or less than the anticipated yield to maturity.
Asset-backed securities have certain risks that stem from the characteristics of the underlying assets. For example, asset-backed securities do not have the benefit of the same type of security interests in the underlying collateral that mortgage securities have, and there may be a limited ability to enforce any security interests that exist. Credit enhancements provided to support asset-backed securities, if any, may be inadequate to protect investors in the event of default. For example, credit card receivables are generally unsecured and a number of state and federal consumer credit laws give debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the outstanding balance, which can negatively affect the yield and/or value of related asset-backed securities. Issuers of asset-backed securities for which automobile receivables are the underlying assets may be prevented from realizing the full amount due on an automobile sales contract because of state law requirements and restrictions relating to sales of vehicles following their repossession and the obtaining of deficiency judgments following such sales or because of depreciation, damage or loss of a vehicle, the application of bankruptcy and insolvency laws, or other factors. The absence of, or difficulty enforcing, such security interests in the underlying assets will result in additional expenses, delays and losses to the Fund. The Fund's exposure to the credit risk of the credit support provider will also be greater if recourse is limited to the credit support provider in the event of widespread defaults on the underlying obligations.
Bank obligations Bank obligations include fixed, floating or variable rate certificates of deposit (CDs), letters of credit, time and savings deposits, bank notes and bankers' acceptances. CDs are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits that are held in a banking institution for a specified period of time at a stated interest rate. Savings deposits are deposits that do not have a specified maturity and may be withdrawn by the depositor at any time. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise. When a bank "accepts" a bankers' acceptance, the bank, in effect, unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument upon maturity. The full amount of the Fund's investment in time and savings deposits or CDs may not be guaranteed against losses resulting from the default of the commercial or savings bank or other institution insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Bank obligations are exempt from registration with the SEC if issued by U.S. banks or foreign branches of U.S. banks. As a result, the Fund will not receive the same investor protections when investing in bank obligations as opposed to registered securities. Bank notes and other unsecured bank obligations are not guaranteed by the FDIC, so the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of the bank or institution. In the event of liquidation, bank notes and unsecured bank obligations generally rank behind time deposits, savings deposits and CDs, resulting in a greater potential for losses to the Fund.
Borrowing The 1940 Act and the SEC's current rules, exemptions and interpretations thereunder, permit the Fund to borrow up to one-third of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed, but less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) from banks. The Fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage of at least 300% with respect to such borrowings and to reduce the amount of its borrowings (within three days) to restore such coverage if it should decline to less than 300% due to market fluctuations or otherwise. In the event that the Fund is required to reduce its borrowings, it may have to sell portfolio holdings, even if such sale of the Fund's holdings would be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint.
If the Fund makes additional investments while borrowings are outstanding, this may be considered a form of leverage. Leveraging by means of borrowing may exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of portfolio securities on the Fund's net asset value, and money borrowed will be subject to interest and other costs (which may include commitment fees and/or the cost of maintaining minimum average balances), which may or may not exceed the income or gains received from the securities purchased with borrowed funds.
In addition to borrowings that are subject to 300% asset coverage, the Fund is also permitted under the 1940 Act to borrow for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of its total assets at the time when the loan is made. A loan will be presumed to be for temporary purposes if it is repaid within 60 days and is not extended or renewed.
Segregation of assets. As a general matter, the Fund will not issue any class of senior securities. Consistent with SEC staff guidance, financial instruments that involve obligations to make future payments to third parties will not be viewed as creating any senior security provided that the Fund covers its obligations as described below. Those financial instruments can include, among others, (i) securities purchased on a when-issued, delayed delivery, and to be announced basis, (ii) futures contracts, (iii) forward currency contracts, (iv) swaps, (v) written options, (vi) unfunded commitments, (vii) securities sold short, and (viii) reverse repurchase agreements.
Consistent with SEC staff guidance, the Fund will consider its obligations involving such a financial instrument as covered when the Fund (1) maintains an offsetting financial position, or (2) segregates liquid assets (constituting cash, cash equivalents or other liquid portfolio securities) equal to the Funds exposures relating to the financial instrument, as determined on a daily basis. Dedicated Fund compliance policies and procedures, which the board of trustees has approved, govern the kinds of transactions that can be deemed to be offsetting transactions for purposes of (1) above, and the amounts of assets that need to be segregated for purposes of (2) above (Asset Segregation Policies).
In the case of forward currency contracts, the Fund may offset the contracts for purposes of (1) above when the counterparties, terms and amounts match, otherwise an appropriate amount of assets will be segregated consistent with (2) above. Segregated assets for purposes of (2) above are not required to be physically segregated from other Fund assets, but are segregated through appropriate notation on the books of the Fund or the Funds custodian.
The Funds Asset Segregation Policies may require the Fund to sell a portfolio security or exit a transaction, including a transaction in a financial instrument, at a disadvantageous time or price in order for the Fund to be able to segregate the required amount of assets. If segregated assets decline in value, the Fund will need to segregate additional assets or reduce its position in the financial instruments. In addition, segregated assets may not be available to satisfy redemptions or for other purposes, until the Funds obligations under the financial instruments have been satisfied. In addition, the Funds ability to use the financial instruments identified above may under some circumstances depend on the nature of the instrument and amount of assets that the Asset Segregation Policies require the Fund to segregate. The Asset Segregation Policies provide, consistent with current SEC staff positions, that for futures and forward contracts that require only cash settlement, and swap agreements that call for periodic netting between the Fund and its counterparty, the segregated amount is the net amount due under the contract, as determined daily on a mark-to-market basis. For other kinds of futures, forwards and swaps, the Fund must segregate a larger amount of assets to cover its obligations, which essentially limits the Funds ability to use these instruments. If the SEC staff changes its positions concerning the segregation of the net amount due under certain forwards, futures and swap contracts, the ability of the Fund to use the financial instruments could be negatively affected.
Callable securities Callable securities give the issuer the right to redeem the security on a given date or dates (known as the call dates) prior to maturity. In return, the call feature is factored into the price of the debt security, and callable debt securities typically offer a higher yield than comparable non-callable securities. Certain securities may be called only in whole (the entire security is redeemed), while others may be called in part (a portion of the total face value is redeemed) and possibly from time to time as determined by the issuer. There is no guarantee that the Fund will receive higher yields or a call premium on an investment in callable securities.
The period of time between the time of issue and the first call date, known as call protection, varies from security to security. Call protection provides the investor holding the security with assurance that the security will not be called before a specified date. As a result, securities with call protection generally cost more than similar securities without call protection. Call protection will make a callable security more similar to a long-term debt security, resulting in an associated increase in the callable security's interest rate sensitivity.
Documentation for callable securities usually requires that investors be notified of a call within a prescribed period of time. If a security is called, the Fund will receive the principal amount and accrued interest, and may receive a small additional payment as a call premium. Issuers are more likely to exercise call options in periods when interest rates are below the rate at which the original security was issued, because the issuer can issue new securities with lower interest payments. Callable securities are subject to the risks of other debt securities in general, including prepayment risk, especially in falling interest rate environments.
Collateralized loan obligations Collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) are interests in a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans made to domestic and foreign borrowers, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans.
In CLOs, the interests in the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches (or classes), that vary in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the "equity" tranche which bears the bulk of defaults on the bonds or loans in the trust and is intended to protect the other, more senior tranches from severe, and potentially unforeseen, defaults or delinquent collateral payments. Because they may be partially protected from defaults, senior tranches from a CLO trust typically have higher ratings and lower yields than the underlying collateral securities held by the trust, and may be rated investment grade. Despite protection from the equity tranche, more senior tranches can experience, and may have recently experienced, substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as a market aversion to CLO securities as a class. The Fund only will invest in one of the top two tranches of a CLO that is rated "A" or higher by an appropriate rating agency.
The risks of an investment in a CLO depend largely on the type of collateral held by the trust and the tranche of the CLO in which the Fund invests. Investment risk may also be affected by the performance of a CLO's collateral manager (the entity responsible for selecting and managing the pool of collateral securities held by the CLO trust), especially during a period of market volatility like that recently experienced. Normally, CLOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws and traded in a public market. As a result, investments in CLOs may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities. However, an active dealer market may exist for CLOs allowing the Fund to trade CLOs with other qualified institutional investors under Rule 144A. To the extent such investments are characterized as illiquid, they will be subject to the Fund's restrictions on investments in illiquid securities. The Fund's investment is unregistered securities such as CLOs will not receive the same investor protection as an investment in registered securities.
All tranches of CLOs, including senior tranches with high credit ratings, can experience, and many have recently experienced, substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to future defaults due to the disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as market aversion to CLO securities as a class. Recently, prices of CLO tranches have declined considerably. The drop in prices was initially triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis. Subprime mortgages make up a significant portion of the mortgage securities that collateralize many CLOs. As floating interest rates and mortgage default rates increased, the rating agencies that had rated the mortgage securities and CLO transactions backed by such mortgages realized their default assumptions were too low and began to downgrade the credit rating of these transactions. There can be no assurance that additional losses of equal or greater magnitude will not occur in the future.
In addition to the normal risks associated with debt securities (e.g., interest rate risk, credit risk and default risk), CLOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or quality or go into default; (iii) the Fund may invest in tranches of a CLO that are subordinate to other classes; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer, difficulty in valuing the security or unexpected investment results.
Certain issuers of CLOs may be deemed to be "investment companies" as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, the Fund's investment in these structured investments from these issuers may be limited by the restrictions contained in the 1940 Act. CLOs generally charge management fees and administrative expenses that the shareholders of the Fund would pay indirectly.
Convertible securities A convertible security is generally a debt obligation, preferred stock or other security that may be converted within a specified period of time into a certain amount of common stock of the same or of a different issuer. The conversion may occur at the option of the investor in or issuer of the security, or upon a predetermined event. A convertible security typically provides a fixed-income stream and the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation resulting from a market price advance in its underlying common stock. As with a straight fixed-income security, a convertible security tends to increase in market value when interest rates decline and decrease in value when interest rates rise. Like a common stock, the value of a convertible security also tends to increase as the market value of the underlying stock rises, and it tends to decrease as the market value of the underlying stock declines. Because both interest rate and market movements can influence its value, a convertible security is usually not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar fixed-income security, nor is it as sensitive to changes in share price as its underlying stock. Convertible securities are also subject to risks that affect debt securities in general.
Although less than an investment in the underlying stock, the potential for gain on an investment in a convertible security is greater than for similar non-convertible securities. As a result, a lower yield is generally offered on convertible securities than on otherwise equivalent non-convertible securities. There is no guarantee that the Fund will realize gains on a convertible security in excess of the foregone yield it accepts to invest in such convertible security.
A convertible security is usually issued either by an operating company or by an investment bank. When issued by an operating company, a convertible security tends to be senior to the company's common stock, but may be subordinate to other types of fixed-income securities issued by that company. When a convertible security issued by an operating company is "converted," the operating company often issues new stock to the holder of the convertible security. However, if the convertible security is redeemable and the parity price of the convertible security is less than the call price, the operating company may pay out cash instead of common stock.
If the convertible security is issued by an investment bank or other sponsor, the security is an obligation of and is convertible through, the issuing investment bank. However, the common stock received upon conversion is of a company other than the investment bank or sponsor. The issuer of a convertible security may be important in determining the security's true value. This is because the holder of a convertible security will have recourse only to the issuer.
Convertible preferred stock. A convertible preferred stock is usually treated like a preferred stock for the Fund's financial reporting, credit rating and investment policies and limitations purposes. A preferred stock is subordinated to all debt obligations in the event of insolvency, and an issuer's failure to make a dividend payment is generally not an event of default entitling the preferred shareholder to take action. A preferred stock generally has no maturity date, so that its market value is dependent on the issuer's business prospects for an indefinite period of time. Distributions from preferred stock are dividends, rather than interest payments, and are usually treated as such for corporate tax purposes. Investments in convertible preferred stock, as compared to the debt obligations of an issuer, generally increase the Fund's exposure to the credit risk of the issuer and market risk generally, because convertible preferred stock will fare more poorly if the issuer defaults or markets suffer.
Enhanced convertible securities. In addition to "plain vanilla" convertible securities, a number of different structures have been created to fit the characteristics of specific investors and issuers. Examples of these features include yield enhancement, increased equity exposure or enhanced downside protection. From an issuer's perspective, enhanced structures are designed to meet balance sheet criteria, maximize interest/dividend payment deductibility and reduce equity dilution. Examples of enhanced convertible securities include mandatory convertible securities, convertible trust preferred securities, exchangeable securities, and zero coupon and deep discount convertible bonds.
Risks. An investment in a convertible security may involve risks. The Fund may have difficulty disposing of such securities because there may be a thin trading market for a particular security at any given time. Reduced liquidity may have an adverse impact on market price and the Fund's ability to dispose of a security when necessary to meet the Fund's liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event, such as the deterioration in the creditworthiness of an issuer. Reduced liquidity in the secondary market for certain securities may also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain market quotations based on actual trades for purposes of valuing the Fund's portfolio. Although the Fund intends to acquire convertible securities that the investment manager considers to be liquid (i.e., those securities that the investment manager determines may be sold on an exchange, or an institutional or other substantial market), there can be no assurances that this will be achieved. Certain securities and markets can become illiquid quickly, resulting in liquidity risk for the Fund. The Fund will also encounter difficulty valuing convertible securities due to illiquidity or other circumstances that make it difficult for the Fund to obtain timely market quotations based on actual trades for convertible securities. Convertible securities may have low credit ratings, which generally correspond with higher credit risk to an investor like the Fund.
Synthetic convertible securities. A synthetic convertible is created by combining distinct securities that together possess the two principal characteristics of a true convertible security, i.e., fixed income payments in the form of interest or dividends and the right to acquire the underlying equity security. This combination is achieved by investing in nonconvertible debt securities and in warrants or stock or stock index call options which grant the holder the right to purchase a specified quantity of securities within a specified period of time at a specified price (or to receive cash, in the case of stock index options). Synthetic convertibles are typically offered by financial institutions and investment banks in private placement transactions. Upon conversion, the Fund generally receives an amount in cash equal to the difference between the conversion price and the then-current value of the underlying security.
In addition to the general risks of convertible securities and the special risks of enhanced convertible securities, there are risks unique to synthetic convertible securities. Synthetic convertible securities differ from true convertible securities in several respects. The value of a synthetic convertible security is the sum of the values of its debt security component and its convertibility component. Thus, the values of a synthetic convertible and a true convertible security will respond differently to market fluctuations. Although the investment manager expects normally to create synthetic convertible securities whose two components provide exposure to the same issuer, the character of a synthetic convertible allows the Fund to combine components representing distinct issuers, or to combine a debt security with a call option on a stock index. In addition, the component parts of a synthetic convertible security may be purchased simultaneously or separately; and the holder of a synthetic convertible faces the risk that the price of the stock, or the level of the market index underlying the convertibility component will decline. Exposure to more than one issuer or participant will increase the number of parties upon which the investment depends and the complexity of that investment and, as a result, increase the Fund's credit risk and valuation risk.
Corporate Loans, Assignments and Participations
Corporate loans. Corporate loans typically are structured and negotiated by a group of financial institutions, including in some cases, the Fund, each of which is referred to as a lender, that provide the monies loaned to the borrowers. In return, the borrowers pay interest and repay loan's principal to the lenders. Such corporate loans often pay interest rates that are reset periodically on the basis of a floating base lending rate, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a premium. The Fund may acquire corporate loans directly at the time of the loan's closing or by buying an assignment of all or a portion of the corporate loan from a lender. The Fund may also acquire indirect ownership of the corporate loan by buying a loan participation from a lender or other purchaser of a participation. Corporate loans may include term loans and, to the extent permissible for the Fund, revolving credit facilities, prefunded letters of credit term loans, delayed draw term loans and receivables purchase facilities.
The Fund limits the amount of total assets that it will invest in any one issuer. For purposes of these limitations, the Fund generally will treat the borrower as the "issuer" of indebtedness held by the Fund. In loan participations, a bank or other lending institution serves as financial intermediary between the Fund and the borrower, the participation may not shift to the Fund the direct debtor-creditor relationship with the borrower. In this case, SEC interpretations require the Fund, in appropriate circumstances, to treat both the lending bank or other lending institution and the borrower as "issuers" for these purposes. Treating a financial intermediary as an issuer of indebtedness may restrict a Fund's ability to invest in indebtedness related to a single financial intermediary, or intermediaries engaged in the same industry, even if the underlying borrowers represent different companies and industries.
Negotiation and administration of loans. Each type of corporate loan in which the Fund may invest typically is structured by a group of lenders. This means that the lenders participate in the negotiations with the corporate borrower and in the drafting of the terms of the corporate loan. The group of lenders often consists of commercial banks, thrift institutions, insurance companies, finance companies, other financial institutions, or in some cases investment companies such as the Fund. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will not act as the sole negotiator or sole originator for a corporate loan. One or more of the lenders usually administers the corporate loan on behalf of all the lenders; this lender is referred to as the Agent Bank.
Three ways to invest in corporate loans . The Fund may invest in corporate loans in any of three ways. The Fund may: (i) make a direct investment in a corporate loan by participating as one of the initial lenders; (ii) make a direct investment by purchasing an assignment of part or all of a corporate loan; or (iii) make an indirect investment by purchasing a participation interest in a corporate loan. Participation interests are interests sold by a lender or other holders of participation interests, which usually represent a fractional interest in a corporate loan. An assignment represents a direct interest in a corporate loan or portion of a corporate loan previously owned by a different lender. Unlike where the Fund purchases a participation interest, the Fund will generally become a lender for the purposes of the relevant corporate loan agreement by purchasing an assignment.
1. Direct investments in corporate loans. When the Fund invests as an initial lender in a new corporate loan, the investment may be made at a discount to par. This means that the Fund receives a return at the full interest rate for the corporate loan, which incorporates the discount.
2. Assignments of corporate loans. If the Fund purchases an assignment of a corporate loan from a lender, the Fund will assume the position of the original lender. The Fund will have the right to receive payments directly from the corporate borrower and to enforce its contractual rights as a lender directly against the corporate borrower.
3. Participation interests in corporate loans. In contrast to the purchase of an assignment, if the Fund purchases a participation interest either from a lender or a participant, the Fund typically will have established a direct contractual relationship with the seller of the participation interest, but not with the corporate borrower. Consequently, the Fund is subject to the credit risk of the lender or participant who sold the participation interest to the Fund, in addition to the usual credit risk of the corporate borrower. Therefore, when the Fund considers an investment in corporate loans through the purchase of participation interests, its investment manager will take into account the creditworthiness of the Agent Bank and any lenders and participants interposed between the Fund and the corporate borrower. These parties are referred to as Intermediate Participants. Additionally, the Fund will consider that there may be limitations on the Fund's ability to vote on amendments to the borrower's underlying loan agreement.
Because secondary purchases of loans may be made at par, at a premium from par or at a discount from par, the Fund's return on such an investment may be lower than it would have been if the Fund had made a direct initial investment. While loan participations generally trade at a discount, the Fund may buy participations trading at par or at a premium. At certain times when reduced opportunities for direct initial investment in corporate loans may exist, however, the Fund may be able to invest in corporate loans only through participation interests or assignments.
Loan participations. Loan participations may enable the Fund to acquire an interest in a corporate loan from a borrower, which it could not do directly. Because the Fund establishes a direct contractual relationship with the lender or Participant, the Fund is subject to the credit risk of the lender or Participant in addition to the usual credit risk of the corporate borrower and any Agent Bank. The Participants and Agent Bank are referred to as Intermediate Participants (Intermediate Participant). Under normal market conditions, loan participations that sell at a significant discount to the secondary loan price may indicate the borrower has credit problems or other issues associated with the credit risk of the loan. To the extent the credit problems are resolved, loan participations may appreciate in value.
In the event the corporate borrower fails to pay principal and interest when due, the Fund may have to assert rights against the borrower through an Intermediate Participant. This may subject the Fund to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would be involved if the Fund could enforce its rights directly against the corporate borrower. Also, in the event of the insolvency of the lender or Intermediate Participant who sold the participation interest to the Fund, the Fund may not have any exclusive or senior claim with respect to the lender's interest in the corporate loan, or in the collateral securing the corporate loan. Consequently, the Fund might not benefit directly from the collateral supporting the underlying corporate loan. If the Intermediate Participant becomes insolvent, payments of principal and/or interest may be held up or not paid by such Participant or such Participant may not have the resources to assert its and the Fund's rights against the corporate borrower. Similar risks may arise with respect to the Agent Bank.
Obligations to make future advances. Certain revolving credit facility corporate loans (revolvers) and some types of delayed draw loans require that the lenders, including the Fund, and Intermediate Participants make future advances to the corporate borrower at the demand of the borrower. Other continuing obligations may also exist pursuant to the terms of these types of corporate loans. If the Fund's future obligations are not met for any reason, including the failure of an Intermediate Participant to fulfill its obligations, the Fund's interests may be harmed.
Delayed draw term loans. Delayed draw term loans have characteristics of both revolvers and term loans, in that, before they are drawn upon by the borrower, they are similar to a revolver; however when they are drawn upon, they become fully and permanently drawn and are in essence term loans. Upon funding, when a loan is drawn upon, the loan becomes permanently funded, repaid principal amounts may not be reborrowed and interest accrues on the amount outstanding. The borrower pays a fee during the commitment period. Because these loans involve forward obligations, they are subject to the Fund's asset segregation policies.
Prefunded L/C term loan. A prefunded L/C term loan (Pre L/C Loan) is sometimes referred to as a funded letter of credit facility. For these loans, the Agent Bank (or another bank) issues letters of credit (each letter, an L/C) to guarantee the repayment of the borrowings by the borrower, as the ultimate debtor under these loans. Each lender, such as the Fund, transfers to the Agent Bank the amount of money the lender has committed to lend under the Pre L/C Loan agreement. The Agent Bank holds the monies solely to satisfy the lenders' obligations under the loan agreement.
Whenever the borrower needs funds, it draws against the Pre L/C Loan. Consequently, the lenders do not have to advance any additional monies at the time the borrower draws against the Pre L/C Loan. To the extent that the borrower does not draw down these monies as borrowings during the term of the Pre L/C Loan, the Agent Bank invests these monies as deposits that pay interest, usually approximating a benchmark rate, such as LIBOR. This interest is paid to the borrower. Generally, the borrower, via the Agent Bank, pays the lenders interest at a rate equivalent to the fully drawn spread plus a benchmark rate, usually LIBOR. The borrower pays this interest during the term of the loan whether or not the borrower borrows monies from the amounts held and invested by the Agent Bank. The principal and any unpaid accrued interest will be returned to the lenders upon termination of the Pre L/C loan (and upon satisfaction of all obligations).
The risks of investing in corporate loans include all the general risks of investing in debt securities. For example, investments in corporate loans are exposed to the credit risk of the borrowing corporation and any Intermediate Participants, the valuation risk of pricing corporate loans and collateral, and the illiquidity risk associated with holding unregistered, non-exchange traded securities. There are also additional risks associated with an investment in corporate loans, including those described below.
Additional credit risks. Corporate loans may be issued in leveraged or highly leveraged transactions (such as mergers, acquisitions, consolidations, liquidations, spinoffs, reorganizations or financial restructurings), or involving distressed companies or those in bankruptcy. This means that the borrower is assuming large amounts of debt in order to have large amounts of financial resources to attempt to achieve its business objectives; there is no guarantee, however, that the borrower will achieve its business objectives. Loans issued in leveraged or highly leveraged transactions are subject to greater credit risks than other loans, including an increased possibility that the borrower might default or go into bankruptcy.
Insufficient collateral. The terms of most senior secured corporate loans and corporate debt securities in which the Fund invests require that the collateral provided by the corporate borrower have a fair market value at least equal to 100% of the amount of such corporate loan at the time of the loan. The investment manager generally will determine the value of the collateral by customary valuation techniques that it considers appropriate. The collateral may consist of various types of assets or interests including working capital assets, such as accounts receivable or inventory, tangible fixed assets, such as real property, buildings and equipment, tangible or intangible assets, such as trademarks, copyrights and patent rights, or security interests in securities of subsidiaries or affiliates. The borrower's owners or other parties may provide additional security.
The Fund may encounter difficulty valuing the collateral, especially less tangible assets. The value of the collateral may decline following investment by the Fund in the corporate loan. Also, collateral may be difficult to sell or liquidate and insufficient in the event of a default. Consequently, there can be no assurance that the liquidation of any collateral securing a corporate loan would satisfy the borrower's obligation in the event of nonpayment of scheduled interest or principal payments, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In the event of bankruptcy of a borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of any collateral securing a corporate loan. Collateral securing a corporate loan may lose all or substantially all of its value in the event of bankruptcy of a borrower. Some corporate loans are subject to the risk that a court, pursuant to fraudulent conveyance or other similar laws, could order currently existing or future indebtedness of the corporate borrower to be paid ahead of the corporate loans. This order could make repayment of the corporate loans in part or in full less likely. The court could take other action detrimental to the holders of the corporate loans including, in certain circumstances, invalidating such corporate loans or causing interest previously paid to be refunded to the borrower.
Publicly available information and ratings. Many corporate loans in which the Fund may invest may not be rated by a rating agency, will not be registered with the SEC or any state securities commission and will not be listed on any national securities exchange. The amount of public information available with respect to corporate loans will generally be less than that available for registered or exchange listed securities. The Fund will not receive the same investor protections that it would with a similar investment in registered or exchange listed securities. In evaluating the creditworthiness of borrowers, the investment manager may consider, and may rely in part, on analyses performed by others. Corporate loans held by the Fund directly or as a participation interest or assignment of the loan may be assigned ratings below investment grade by a rating agency, or be unrated but judged by the investment manager to be of comparable quality.
Liquidity of corporate loans. The investment manager generally considers corporate loans, loan participations and assignments of corporate loans to be liquid. To the extent such investments are deemed to be liquid by the investment manager, they will not be subject to the Fund's restrictions on investments in illiquid securities. Generally, a liquid market with institutional buyers exists for such interests. The investment manager monitors each type of loan and/or loan interest in which the Fund is invested to determine whether it is liquid consistent with the liquidity procedures adopted by the Fund.
No active trading market may exist for some corporate loans and some corporate loans may be subject to restrictions on resale. A secondary market in corporate loans may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which may impair the ability to accurately value existing and prospective investments and to realize full value on sale of a corporate loan. In addition, the Fund may not be able to readily sell its corporate loans at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such loans if they were more widely traded. As a result of such illiquidity, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations.
Risks based on Agent Banks and/or Intermediate Participants. The Agent Bank is a lender that administers the corporate loan. The Agent Bank typically is responsible for collecting principal, interest and fee payments from the corporate borrower. The Agent Bank then distributes these payments to all lenders that are parties to the corporate loan or own participation interests therein. The Fund will not act as an Agent Bank under normal circumstances. The Fund generally will rely on the Agent Bank or an Intermediate Participant to collect its portion of the payments. The Fund will also rely on the Agent Bank to take appropriate actions against a corporate borrower that is not making payments as scheduled. Typically, the Agent Bank is given broad discretion in enforcing the terms of the corporate loan, and is required to use only the same care it would use in the management of its own property. The corporate borrower compensates the Agent Bank for these services and this could create an incentive for the Agent Bank to exercise its discretion to the advantage of the corporate borrower to a greater extent than might otherwise be the case. Such compensation may include special fees paid at the start of corporate loans and other fees paid on a continuing basis.
In the event that a corporate borrower becomes bankrupt or insolvent, the borrower may attempt to assert certain legal defenses as a result of improper conduct by the Agent Bank or Intermediate Participant. Asserting the Fund's legal rights against the Agent Bank or Intermediate Participant could be expensive and result in the delay or loss to the Fund of principal and/or interest payments.
There is a risk that an Agent Bank may have financial difficulty. An Agent Bank could even declare bankruptcy, or have a receiver, conservator, or similar official appointed for it by a regulatory authority. If this happens, assets held by the Agent Bank under the corporate loan should remain available to holders of corporate loans, including the Fund. However, a regulatory authority or court may determine that assets held by the Agent Bank for the benefit of the Fund are subject to the claims of the Agent Bank's general or secured creditors. The Fund might incur costs and delays in realizing payment on a corporate loan or might suffer a loss of principal or interest. Similar risks arise in situations involving Intermediate Participants, as described above.
Covenants. The borrower under a corporate loan generally must comply with various restrictive covenants contained in any corporate loan agreement between the borrower and the lending syndicate or in any trust indenture or comparable document in connection with a corporate debt security. A restrictive covenant is a promise by the borrower to take certain actions that protect, or not to take certain action that may impair, the rights of lenders. These covenants, in addition to requiring the scheduled payment of interest and principal, may include restrictions on dividend payments and other distributions to shareholders, provisions requiring the borrower to maintain specific financial ratios or relationships regarding, and/or limits on, total debt. In addition, a covenant may require the borrower to prepay the corporate loan or corporate debt security with any excess cash flow. Excess cash flow generally includes net cash flow (after scheduled debt service payments and permitted capital expenditures) as well as the proceeds from asset dispositions or sales of securities. A breach of a covenant (after giving effect to any cure period) in a corporate loan agreement which is not waived by the Agent Bank and the lending syndicate normally is an event of acceleration. This means that the Agent Bank has the right to demand immediate repayment in full of the outstanding corporate loan. Acceleration may also occur in the case of the breach of a covenant in a corporate debt security document. If acceleration occurs and the Fund receives repayment before expected, the Fund will experience prepayment risk.
Some of the loans available in the market are known as "covenant lite." These loans contain fewer or no maintenance covenants. A covenant lite loan does not include the legal clauses which allow a lender to control and track the performance of a company. Covenant lite loans also generally do not permit a lender to declare a default if certain criteria are breached. The Fund may experience losses or delays in enforcing its rights on its holdings of covenant lite loans.
Credit-linked notes Credit-linked notes (CLNs) are typically set-up as a "pass-through" note structure created by a broker or bank as an alternative investment for funds or other purchasers to directly buying a bond or group of bonds. CLNs are typically issued at par, with a one to one relationship with the notional value to the underlying bond(s). The performance of the CLN, however, including maturity value, is linked to the performance of the specified underlying bond(s) as well as that of the issuing entity.
In addition to the risk of loss of its principal investment, the Fund bears the risk that the issuer of the CLN will default or become bankrupt. In such an event, the Fund may have difficulty being repaid, or fail to be repaid, the principal amount of its investment. A downgrade or impairment to the credit rating of the issuer will also likely impact negatively the price of the CLN, regardless of the price of the bond(s) underlying the CLNs. A CLN is typically structured as a limited recourse, unsecured obligation of the issuer of such security such that the security will usually be the obligation solely of the issuer and will not be an obligation or responsibility of any other person, including the issuer of the underlying bond(s).
Most CLNs are structured as Rule 144A securities so that they may be freely traded among institutional buyers. However, the market for CLNs may be, or suddenly can become, illiquid. The other parties to the transaction may be the only investors with sufficient understanding of the CLN to be interested in bidding for it. Changes in liquidity may result in significant, rapid and unpredictable changes in the prices of CLNs. In certain cases, a market price for a CLN may not be available or may not be reliable, and the Fund could experience difficulty in selling such security at a price the investment manager believes is fair.
Credit-linked securities Credit-linked securities, which may be considered to be a type of structured investment, are debt securities that represent an interest in a pool of, or are otherwise collateralized by, one or more corporate debt obligations or credit default swaps on corporate debt or bank loan obligations. Such debt obligations may represent the obligations of one or more corporate issuers. The Fund has the right to receive periodic interest payments from the issuer of the credit-linked security (usually the seller of the underlying credit default swap(s)) at an agreed-upon interest rate, and a return of principal at the maturity date. The Fund bears the risk of loss of its principal investment, and the periodic interest payments expected to be received for the duration of its investment in the credit-linked security, in the event that one or more of the debt obligations underlying bonds or debt obligations underlying the credit default swaps go in to default or otherwise become non-performing. Upon the occurrence of such a credit event (including bankruptcy, failure to timely pay interest or principal, or a restructuring) with respect to an underlying debt obligation (which may represent a credit event of one or more underlying obligors), the Fund will generally reduce the principal balance of the related credit-linked security by the Fund's pro rata interest in the par amount of the defaulted underlying debt obligation in exchange for the actual value of the defaulted underlying obligation or the defaulted underlying obligation itself, thereby causing the Fund to lose a portion of its investment. As a result, on an ongoing basis, interest on the credit-linked security will accrue on a smaller principal balance and a smaller principal balance will be returned at maturity. To the extent a credit-linked security represents an interest in underlying obligations of a single corporate issuer, a credit event with respect to such issuer presents greater risk of loss to the Fund than if the credit-linked security represented an interest in underlying obligations of multiple corporate issuers.
In addition, the Fund bears the risk that the issuer of the credit-linked security will default or become bankrupt. In such an event, the Fund may have difficulty being repaid, or fail to be repaid, the principal amount of its investment and the remaining periodic interest payments thereon.
An investment in credit-linked securities also involves reliance on the counterparty to the swap entered into with the issuer to make periodic payments to the issuer under the terms of the credit default swap. Any delay or cessation in the making of such payments may be expected in certain instances to result in delays or reductions in payments to the Fund as an investor in such credit-linked securities. Additionally, credit-linked securities are typically structured as limited recourse obligations of the issuer of such securities such that the securities issued will usually be obligations solely of the issuer and will not be obligations or responsibilities of any other person.
Most credit-linked securities are structured as Rule 144A securities so that they may be freely traded among institutional buyers. The Fund will generally only purchase credit-linked securities which are determined to be liquid in accordance with the Fund's liquidity guidelines. However, the market for credit-linked securities may be, or suddenly can become, illiquid. The other parties to the transaction may be the only investors with sufficient understanding of the securities to be interested in bidding for them. Changes in liquidity may result in significant, rapid and unpredictable changes in the prices for credit-linked securities. In certain cases, a market price for a credit-linked security may not be available or may not be reliable, and the Fund could experience difficulty in selling such security at a price the investment manager believes is fair. In the event a credit-linked security is deemed to be illiquid, the Fund will include such security in calculating its limitation on investments in illiquid securities.
The value of a credit-linked security will typically increase or decrease with any change in value of the underlying debt obligations, if any, held by the issuer and the credit default swap. Further, in cases where the credit-linked security is structured such that the payments to the Fund are based on amounts received in respect of, or the value of performance of, any underlying debt obligations specified in the terms of the relevant credit default swap, fluctuations in the value of such obligation may affect the value of the credit-linked security.
The collateral of a credit-linked security may be one or more credit default swaps, which are subject to additional risks.
Debt securities - general description In general, a debt security represents a loan of money to the issuer by the purchaser of the security. A debt security typically has a fixed payment schedule that obligates the issuer to pay interest to the lender and to return the lender's money over a certain time period. A company typically meets its payment obligations associated with its outstanding debt securities before it declares and pays any dividend to holders of its equity securities. Bonds, notes and commercial paper are examples of debt securities and differ in the length of the issuer's principal repayment schedule, with bonds carrying the longest repayment schedule and commercial paper the shortest:
Bonds. A bond is a debt security in which investors loan money to an entity that borrows for a defined period of time, usually a period of more than five years, at a specified interest rate.
Commercial paper. Commercial paper is an unsecured, short-term loan to a corporation, typically for financing accounts receivable and inventory with maturities of up to 270 days.
Debentures. A debenture is an unsecured debt security backed only by the creditworthiness of the borrower, not by collateral.
Bills. A bill is a short-term debt instrument, usually with a maturity of two years or less.
Notes. A note is a debt security usually with a maturity of up to ten years.
For purposes of the discussion in this SAI of the risks of investing in debt securities generally, loans or other short-term instruments, which otherwise may not technically be considered securities, are included.
Debt securities are all generally subject to interest rate, credit, income and prepayment risks and, like all investments, are subject to liquidity and market risks to varying degrees depending upon the specific terms and type of security. The Fund's investment manager attempts to reduce credit and market risk through diversification of the portfolio and ongoing credit analysis of each issuer, as well as by monitoring economic developments, but there can be no assurance that it will be successful at doing so.
Defaulted debt securities If the issuer of a debt security in the Fund's portfolio defaults, the Fund may have unrealized losses on the security, which may lower the Fund's net asset value. Defaulted securities tend to lose much of their value before they default. Thus, the Fund's net asset value may be adversely affected before an issuer defaults. The Fund will incur additional expenses if it tries to recover principal or interest payments on a defaulted security. Defaulted debt securities often are illiquid. An investment in defaulted debt securities will be considered speculative and expose the Fund to similar risks as an investment in high-yield debt.
The Fund may buy defaulted debt securities if, in the opinion of the investment manager, they present an opportunity for later price recovery, the issuer may resume interest payments, or other advantageous developments appear likely in the near future. The Fund is not required to sell a debt security that has defaulted if the investment manager believes it is advantageous to continue holding the security.
The Fund may be required under the Internal Revenue Code and U.S. Treasury Regulations to accrue income for income tax purposes on defaulted debt securities and to distribute such income to the Fund's shareholders even though the Fund is not currently receiving interest payments on such obligations. To generate cash for distributions, the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities that it otherwise would have continued to hold or use cash flows from other sources, such as the sale of Fund shares.
Depositary receipts Many securities of foreign issuers are represented by American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), and European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) (collectively, depositary receipts). Generally, depositary receipts in registered form are designed for use in the U.S. securities market and depositary receipts in bearer form are designed for use in securities markets outside the U.S.
ADRs evidence ownership of, and represent the right to receive, securities of foreign issuers deposited in a domestic bank or trust company or a foreign correspondent bank. Prices of ADRs are quoted in U.S. dollars, and ADRs are traded in the U.S. on exchanges or over-the-counter. While ADRs do not eliminate all the risks associated with foreign investments, by investing in ADRs rather than directly in the stock of foreign issuers, the Fund will avoid currency and certain foreign market trading risks during the settlement period for either purchases or sales. In general, there is a large, liquid market in the U.S. for ADRs quoted on a national securities exchange or on NASDAQ. The information available for ADRs is subject to the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards of the U.S. market or exchange on which they are traded, which standards are generally more uniform and more exacting than those to which many foreign issuers may be subject.
EDRs and GDRs are typically issued by foreign banks or trust companies and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by either a foreign or a U.S. corporation. EDRs and GDRs may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution in the issuer's home country. If the issuer's home country does not have developed financial markets, the Fund could be exposed to the credit risk of the custodian or financial institution and greater market risk. The depository bank may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends and interest and corporate actions. The Fund would be expected to pay a share of the additional fees, which it would not pay if investing directly in the foreign securities. The Fund may experience delays in receiving its dividend and interest payments or exercising rights as a shareholder.
Depositary receipts may reduce some but not eliminate all the risks inherent in investing in the securities of foreign issuers. Depositary receipts are still subject to the political and economic risks of the underlying issuer's country and are still subject to foreign currency exchange risk. Depositary receipts will be issued under sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities traded in the form of depositary receipts. In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial information about an issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program. There may be an increased possibility of untimely responses to certain corporate actions of the issuer, such as stock splits and rights offerings, in an unsponsored program. Accordingly, there may be less information available regarding issuers of securities underlying unsponsored programs and there may not be a correlation between this information and the market value of the depositary receipts. If the Fund's investment depends on obligations being met by the arranger as well as the issuer of an unsponsored program, the Fund will be exposed to additional credit risk.
Derivative instruments The Fund expects to use derivative instruments for risk management purposes and as part of its investment strategies. Generally, derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends on or is derived from, the value of one or more underlying assets, reference rates, or indices (a "reference instrument") and may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies, commodities or related indices. Derivative instruments allow the Fund to gain or reduce exposure to the value of a reference instrument without actually owning or selling the instrument.
Derivative instruments may be used for hedging, which means that they may be used when the investment manager seeks to protect the Fund's investments from a decline in value resulting from changes to interest rates, market prices, currency fluctuations or other market factors. Derivative instruments may also be used for other purposes, including to seek to increase liquidity, provide efficient portfolio management, broaden investment opportunities (including taking short or negative positions), implement a tax or cash management strategy, gain exposure to a particular security or segment of the market, modify the effective duration of the Fund's portfolio investments and/or enhance total return. However derivative instruments are used, their successful use is not assured and will depend upon the investment manager's ability to gauge relevant market movements.
Generally, the Fund may use derivative instruments without limit for purposes of direct hedging. Direct hedging means that the transaction must be intended to reduce a specific risk exposure of a portfolio security or its denominated currency and must also be directly related to such security or currency. The Funds use of derivative instruments for purposes other than direct hedging may be limited from time to time by policies adopted by the board of trustees or the Funds investment manager. Because some derivative instruments used by the Fund may oblige the Fund to make payments or incur additional obligations in the future, the SEC requires mutual funds to cover or segregate liquid assets equal to the potential exposure created by such derivatives. The obligation to cover or segregate such assets is described more fully under "Borrowing" in this SAI.
The Fund may purchase and sell derivative instruments only to the extent that such activities are consistent with the requirements of the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended (CEA), under which the Fund is excluded from the definition of a "commodity pool operator." Although the Fund is not currently subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) has recently proposed amendments to this exclusion. Whether the proposed amendments will be adopted in their current form and the full impact of such amendments on the Fund are not yet known.
Currency forward contracts. A currency forward contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific non-U.S. currency at an agreed exchange rate (price) at a future date, which is individually negotiated and privately traded by currency traders and their customers in the interbank market. A cross currency forward, sometimes referred to as a cross-hedge, is a forward contract to sell a specific non-U.S. currency in exchange for another non-U.S. currency and may be used when the price of one of those non-U.S. currencies is expected to experience a substantial movement against the other non-U.S. currency. A currency forward contract will tend to reduce or eliminate exposure to the currency that is sold, and increase exposure to the currency that is purchased, similar to when the Fund sells a security denominated in one currency and purchases a security denominated in another currency. The Fund may either exchange the currencies specified at the maturity of a forward contract or, prior to maturity, enter into a closing transaction involving the purchase or sale of an offsetting contract. The Fund may enter into forward contracts that do not provide for physical settlement of the two currencies but instead are settled by a single cash payment calculated as the difference between the agreed upon exchange rate and the spot rate at settlement based upon an agreed upon notional amount. Closing transactions with respect to forward contracts are usually effected with the counterparty to the original forward contract.
For example, the Fund may enter into a forward contract when it owns a security that is denominated in a non-U.S. currency and desires to lock in the U.S. dollar value of the security. In addition, when the Fund's investment manager believes that a non-U.S. currency may experience a substantial movement against another non-U.S. currency, the Fund may enter into a cross currency forward contract to buy or sell, as appropriate, an amount of the non-U.S. currency either: (a) approximating the value of some or all of its portfolio securities denominated in such currency (this investment practice generally is referred to as cross-hedging); or (b) necessary to derive a level of additional income or return that the Funds investment manager seeks to achieve for the Fund. The Fund may also engage in proxy hedging. Proxy hedging entails entering into a forward contract to buy or sell a currency whose changes in value are generally considered to be linked closely to a currency or currencies in which some or all of the Funds portfolio securities are or are expected to be denominated. Proxy hedging is often used when the currency to which the Funds portfolio is exposed is difficult to hedge or to hedge against the U.S. dollar and therefore another currency is used as a proxy for such currency.
Risks of currency forward contracts. The successful use of these transactions will usually depend on the investment manager's ability to accurately forecast currency exchange rate movements. Should exchange rates move in an unexpected manner, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the transaction, or it may realize losses. In addition, these techniques could result in a loss if the counterparty to the transaction does not perform as promised, including because of the counterpartys bankruptcy or insolvency. While the Fund uses only counterparties that meet its credit quality standards, in unusual or extreme market conditions, a counterpartys creditworthiness and ability to perform may deteriorate rapidly, and the availability of suitable replacement counterparties may become limited. Moreover, investors should bear in mind that the Fund is not obligated to actively engage in hedging or other currency transactions. For example, the Fund may not have attempted to hedge its exposure to a particular foreign currency at a time when doing so might have avoided a loss.
Although the Commodity Futures Trading Commission does not currently regulate these contracts, it may in the future assert such regulatory authority. In such event, the Funds ability to utilize currency forward contracts in the manner set forth above may be restricted. Currency forward contracts may limit potential gain from a positive change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. Unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not engaged in such contracts. Moreover, there may be an imperfect correlation between the Funds portfolio holdings of securities denominated in a particular currency and the currencies bought or sold in the forward contracts entered into by the Fund. This imperfect correlation may cause the Fund to sustain losses that will prevent the Fund from achieving a complete hedge or expose the Fund to risk of foreign exchange loss.
Futures contracts. Generally, a futures contract is a standard binding agreement between two parties to buy or sell a specified quantity of an underlying reference instrument, such as a specific security, currency or commodity, at a specified price at a specified later date. A sale of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to deliver the underlying reference instrument called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date. A purchase of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to acquire the underlying reference instrument called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date. The purchase or sale of a futures contract will allow the Fund to increase or decrease its exposure to the underlying reference instrument without having to buy the actual instrument.
The underlying reference instruments to which futures contracts may relate include non-U.S. currencies, interest rates, stock and bond indices and debt securities, including U.S. government debt obligations. In most cases the contractual obligation under a futures contract may be offset, or closed out, before the settlement date so that the parties do not have to make or take delivery. The closing out of a contractual obligation is usually accomplished by buying or selling, as the case may be, an identical, offsetting futures contract. This transaction, which is effected through a member of an exchange, cancels the obligation to make or take delivery of the underlying instrument or asset. Although some futures contracts by their terms require the actual delivery or acquisition of the underlying instrument or asset, some require cash settlement.
Futures contracts may be bought and sold on U.S. and non-U.S. exchanges. Futures contracts in the U.S. have been designed by exchanges that have been designated contract markets by the CFTC and must be executed through a futures commission merchant (FCM), which is a brokerage firm, that is a member of the relevant contract market. Each exchange guarantees performance of the contracts as between the clearing members of the exchange, thereby reducing the risk of counterparty default. Futures contracts may also be entered into on certain exempt markets, including exempt boards of trade and electronic trading facilities, available to certain market participants. Because all transactions in the futures market are made, offset or fulfilled by an FCM through a clearinghouse associated with the exchange on which the contracts are traded, the Fund will incur brokerage fees when it buys or sells futures contracts.
The Fund generally buys and sells futures contracts only on contract markets (including exchanges or boards of trade) where there appears to be an active market for the futures contracts, but there is no assurance that an active market will exist for any particular contract or at any particular time. An active market makes it more likely that futures contracts will be liquid and bought and sold at competitive market prices. In addition, many of the futures contracts available may be relatively new instruments without a significant trading history. As a result, there can be no assurance that an active market will develop or continue to exist.
When the Fund enters into a futures contract, it must deliver to an account controlled by the FCM (that has been selected by the Fund), an amount referred to as initial margin that currently ranges from 1.5% to 5.0% of the contract amount. Initial margin requirements are determined by the respective exchanges on which the futures contracts are traded and the FCM. Thereafter, a variation margin amount may be required to be paid by the Fund or received by the Fund in accordance with margin controls set for such accounts, depending upon changes in the price of the underlying reference instrument subject to the futures contract. The account is marked-to-market daily and the variation margin is monitored by the Funds investment manager and custodian on a daily basis. When the futures contract is closed out, if the Fund has a loss equal to or greater than the margin amount, the margin amount is paid to the FCM along with any amount in excess of the margin amount, if the Fund has a loss of less than the margin amount, the difference is returned to the Fund. If the Fund has a gain, the margin amount and the amount of the gain that exceeds the margin amount is returned to the Fund.
Some futures contracts provide for the delivery of securities that are different than those that are specified in the contract. For a futures contract for delivery of debt securities, on the settlement date of the contract, adjustments to the contract can be made to recognize differences in value arising from the delivery of debt securities with a different interest rate from that of the particular debt securities that were specified in the contract. In some cases, securities called for by a futures contract may not have been issued when the contract was written.
Risks of futures contracts. The Funds use of futures contracts is subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments generally. In addition, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses to the Fund in excess of the amount that the Fund delivered as initial margin. Because of the low margin deposits required, futures trading involves a high degree of leverage; as a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss, or gain, to the Fund. There is also the risk of loss by the Fund of the initial and variation margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of the FCM with which the Fund has an open position in a futures contract. In addition, if the Fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements or close out a futures position, it may have to sell securities from its portfolio at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. Adverse market movements could cause the Fund to experience substantial losses on an investment in a futures contract.
The Fund may not be able to properly hedge or effect its strategy when a liquid market is unavailable for the futures contract the Fund wishes to close, which may at times occur. In addition, when futures contracts are used for hedging, there may be an imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the underlying reference instrument on which the futures contract is based and movements in the prices of the assets sought to be hedged.
If the investment managers investment judgment about the general direction of market prices or interest or currency exchange rates is incorrect, the Funds overall performance will be poorer than if it had not entered into a futures contract. For example, if the Fund has purchased futures to hedge against the possibility of an increase in interest rates that would adversely affect the price of bonds held in its portfolio and interest rates instead decrease, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of the bonds which it has hedged. This is because its losses in its futures positions will offset some or all of its gains from the increased value of the bonds.
The difference (called the spread) between prices in the cash market for the purchase and sale of the underlying reference instrument and the prices in the futures market are subject to fluctuations and distortions due to differences in the nature of those two markets. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to initial deposit and variation margin requirements. Rather than meeting additional variation margin requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions that could distort the normal pricing spread between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures markets depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery of the underlying instrument. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, resulting in pricing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the margin deposit requirements that apply in the futures market are less onerous than similar margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions. When such distortions occur, a correct forecast of general trends in the price of an underlying reference instrument by the investment manager may still not necessarily result in a profitable transaction.
Futures contracts that are traded on non-U.S. exchanges may not be as liquid as those purchased on CFTC-designated contract markets. In addition, non-U.S. futures contracts may be subject to varied regulatory oversight. The price of any non-U.S. futures contract and, therefore, the potential profit and loss thereon, may be affected by any change in the non-U.S. exchange rate between the time a particular order is placed and the time it is liquidated, offset or exercised.
The CFTC and the various exchanges have established limits referred to as speculative position limits on the maximum net long or net short position that any person, such as the Fund, may hold or control in a particular futures contract. Trading limits are also imposed on the maximum number of contracts that any person may trade on a particular trading day. An exchange may order the liquidation of positions found to be in violation of these limits and it may impose other sanctions or restrictions. The investment manager does not believe that these trading and positions limits will have an adverse impact on the Funds investment strategies.
Futures exchanges may also limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. This daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous days settlement price. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and does not limit potential losses because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For example, futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to substantial losses.
Options on futures contracts . Options on futures contracts trade on the same contract markets as the underlying futures contract. When the Fund buys an option, it pays a premium for the right, but does not have the obligation to, purchase (call) or sell (put) a futures contract at a set price (called the exercise price). The purchase of a call or put option on a futures contract, whereby the Fund has the right to purchase or sell, respectively, a particular futures contract, is similar in some respects to the purchase of a call or put option on an individual security or currency. Depending on the premium paid for the option compared to either the price of the futures contract upon which it is based or the price of the underlying reference instrument, the option may be less risky than direct ownership of the futures contract or the underlying reference instrument. For example, the Fund could purchase a call option on a long futures contract when seeking to hedge against an increase in the market value of the underlying reference instrument, such as appreciation in the value of a non-U.S. currency against the U.S. dollar.
The seller (writer) of an option becomes contractually obligated to take the opposite futures position if the buyer of the option exercises its rights to the futures position specified in the option. In return for the premium paid by the buyer, the seller assumes the risk of taking a possibly adverse futures position. In addition, the seller will be required to post and maintain initial and variation margin with the FCM. One goal of selling (writing) options on futures may be to receive the premium paid by the option buyer.
For more general information about the mechanics of purchasing and writing options, see "Options" below.
Risks of options on futures contracts. The Funds use of options on futures contracts is subject to the risks related to derivative instruments generally. In addition, the amount of risk the Fund assumes when it purchases an option on a futures contract is the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. The purchase of an option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option purchased. The seller (writer) of an option on a futures contract is subject to the risk of having to take a possibly adverse futures position if the purchaser of the option exercises its rights. If the seller were required to take such a position, it could bear substantial losses. An option writer has potentially unlimited economic risk because its potential loss, except to the extent offset by the premium received, is equal to the amount the option is in-the-money at the expiration date. A call option is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract exceeds the exercise price of the option. A put option is in-the-money if the exercise price of the option exceeds the value of the underlying futures contract.
Options. An option is a contract that gives the purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy an underlying reference instrument, such as a specified security, currency, index, or other instrument from the writer of the option (in the case of a call option), or to sell a specified reference instrument to the writer of the option (in the case of a put option) at a designated price during the term of the option. The premium paid by the buyer of an option will reflect, among other things, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price and the volatility of the underlying reference instrument, the remaining term of the option, supply, demand, interest rates and/or currency exchange rates. An American style put or call option may be exercised at any time during the option period while a European style put or call option may be exercised only upon expiration or during a fixed period prior thereto. Put and call options are traded on national securities exchanges and in the over-the counter (OTC) market.
Options traded on national securities exchanges are within the jurisdiction of the SEC or other appropriate national securities regulator, as are securities traded on such exchanges. As a result, many of the protections provided to traders on organized exchanges will be available with respect to such transactions. In particular, all option positions entered into on a national securities exchange in the United States are cleared and guaranteed by the Options Clearing Corporation, thereby reducing the risk of counterparty default. Furthermore, a liquid secondary market in options traded on a national securities exchange may be more readily available than in the OTC market, potentially permitting the Fund to liquidate open positions at a profit prior to exercise or expiration, or to limit losses in the event of adverse market movements. There is no assurance, however, that higher than anticipated trading activity or other unforeseen events might not temporarily render the capabilities of the Options Clearing Corporation inadequate, and thereby result in the exchange instituting special procedures which may interfere with the timely execution of the Funds orders to close out open options positions.
Purchasing call and put options. As the buyer of a call option, the Fund has a right to buy the underlying reference instrument (e.g., a currency or security) at the exercise price at any time during the option period (for American style options). The Fund may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to call options, exercise them, or permit them to expire. For example, the Fund may buy call options on underlying reference instruments that it intends to buy with the goal of limiting the risk of a substantial increase in their market price before the purchase is effected. Unless the price of the underlying reference instrument changes sufficiently, a call option purchased by the Fund may expire without any value to the Fund, in which case the Fund would experience a loss to the extent of the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs.
As the buyer of a put option, the Fund has the right to sell the underlying reference instrument at the exercise price at any time during the option period (for American style options). Like a call option, the Fund may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to put options, exercise them or permit them to expire. The Fund may buy a put option on an underlying reference instrument owned by the Fund (a protective put) as a hedging technique in an attempt to protect against an anticipated decline in the market value of the underlying reference instrument. Such hedge protection is provided only during the life of the put option when the Fund, as the buyer of the put option, is able to sell the underlying reference instrument at the put exercise price, regardless of any decline in the underlying instruments market price. The Fund may also seek to offset a decline in the value of the underlying reference instrument through appreciation in the value of the put option. A put option may also be purchased with the intent of protecting unrealized appreciation of an instrument when the investment manager deems it desirable to continue to hold the instrument because of tax or other considerations. The premium paid for the put option and any transaction costs would reduce any short-term capital gain that may be available for distribution when the instrument is eventually sold. Buying put options at a time when the buyer does not own the underlying reference instrument allows the buyer to benefit from a decline in the market price of the underlying reference instrument, which generally increases the value of the put option.
If a put option was not terminated in a closing sale transaction when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying reference instrument remains equal to or greater than the exercise price during the life of the put option, the buyer would not make any gain upon exercise of the option and would experience a loss to the extent of the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. In order for the purchase of a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying reference instrument must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs.
Closing out options (exchange traded options). As the writer of an option, if the Fund wants to terminate its obligation, the Fund may effect a closing purchase transaction by buying an option of the same series as the option previously written. The effect of the purchase is that the clearing corporation will cancel the Funds position. However, a writer may not effect a closing purchase transaction after being notified of the exercise of an option. Likewise, the buyer of an option may recover all or a portion of the premium that it paid by effecting a closing sale transaction by selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased and receiving a premium on the sale. There is no guarantee that either a closing purchase or a closing sale transaction may be made at a time desired by the Fund. Closing transactions allow the Fund to terminate its positions in written and purchased options. The Fund will realize a profit from a closing transaction if the price of the transaction is less than the premium received from writing the original option (in the case of written options) or is more than the premium paid by the Fund to buy the option (in the case of purchased options). For example, increases in the market price of a call option sold by a Fund will generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying reference instrument. As a result, any loss resulting from a closing transaction on a written call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying instrument owned by the Fund.
Over-the-counter (OTC) options. Like exchange traded options, OTC options give the holder the right to buy from the writer, in the case of OTC call options, or sell to the writer, in the case of OTC put options, an underlying reference instrument at a stated exercise price. OTC options, however, differ from exchange traded options in certain material respects.
OTC options are arranged directly with dealers and not with a clearing corporation or exchange. Consequently, there is a risk of non-performance by the dealer, including because of the dealers bankruptcy or insolvency. While the Fund uses only counterparties, such as dealers, that meet its credit quality standards, in unusual or extreme market conditions, a counterpartys creditworthiness and ability to perform may deteriorate rapidly, and the availability of suitable replacement counterparties may become limited. Because there is no exchange, pricing is typically done based on information from market makers or other dealers. OTC options are available for a greater variety of underlying reference instruments and in a wider range of expiration dates and exercise prices than exchange traded options.
There can be no assurance that a continuous liquid secondary market will exist for any particular OTC option at any specific time. The Fund may be able to realize the value of an OTC option it has purchased only by exercising it or entering into a closing sale transaction with the dealer that issued it. When the Fund writes an OTC option, it generally can close out that option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer with which the Fund originally wrote the option. The Fund may suffer a loss if it is not able to exercise (in the case of a purchased option) or enter into a closing sale transaction on a timely basis.
The Fund understands that the staff of the SEC currently takes the position that purchased OTC options are considered illiquid securities and that the assets segregated to cover the Fund's obligation under an OTC option it has written are considered illiquid. Pending a change in the staffs position, the Fund will treat OTC options and covering assets as illiquid and subject to the Funds limitation on illiquid securities.
Risks of options. The Funds options investments involve certain risks, including general risks related to derivative instruments. There can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time, and the Fund may have difficulty effecting closing transactions in particular options. Therefore, the Fund would have to exercise the options it purchased in order to realize any profit, thus taking or making delivery of the underlying reference instrument when not desired. The Fund could then incur transaction costs upon the sale of the underlying reference instruments. Similarly, when the Fund cannot effect a closing transaction with respect to a put option it wrote, and the buyer exercises, the Fund would be required to take delivery and would incur transaction costs upon the sale of the underlying reference instruments purchased. If the Fund, as a covered call option writer, is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction in a secondary market, it will not be able to sell the underlying reference instrument until the option expires, it delivers the underlying instrument upon exercise, or it segregates enough liquid assets to purchase the underlying reference instrument at the marked-to-market price during the term of the option. When trading options on non-U.S. exchanges or in the OTC market, many of the protections afforded to exchange participants will not be available. For example, there may be no daily price fluctuation limits, and adverse market movements could therefore continue to an unlimited extent over an indefinite period of time.
The effectiveness of an options strategy for hedging depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying reference instruments correlate with price movements in the relevant portion of the Funds portfolio that is being hedged. In addition, the Fund bears the risk that the prices of its portfolio investments will not move in the same amount as the option it has purchased or sold for hedging purposes, or that there may be a negative correlation that would result in a loss on both the investments and the option. If the investment manager is not successful in using options in managing the Funds investments, the Funds performance will be worse than if the investment manager did not employ such strategies.
Swap agreements. Generally, swap agreements are contracts between the Fund and, typically, a brokerage firm, bank or other institutional buyer (the swap counterparty) for periods ranging from a few days to multiple years. In a basic swap transaction, the Fund agrees with the swap counterparty to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on a particular notional amount or value of predetermined underlying reference instruments. The notional amount is the set dollar or other value selected by the parties to use as the basis on which to calculate the obligations that the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. The parties typically do not actually exchange the notional amount. Instead they agree to exchange the returns that would be earned or realized if the notional amount were invested in given investments or at given interest rates. Examples of returns that may be exchanged in a swap agreement are those of a particular security, a particular fixed or variable interest rate, a particular non-U.S. currency, or a basket of securities representing a particular index. The Fund customarily enters into swap agreements that are based on the standard terms and conditions of an International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Master Agreement. ISDA is a voluntary industry association of participants in the over-the-counter derivatives markets that has developed standardized contracts used by such participants that have agreed to be bound by such standardized contracts.
The Fund will generally enter into swap agreements on a net basis, which means that the two payment streams that are to be made by the Fund and its counterparty are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net difference in the two payments. The Funds obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement that is entered into on a net basis will generally be the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the obligations of each party upon termination of the agreement or at set valuation dates. The Fund will accrue its obligations under a swap agreement daily (offset by any amounts the counterparty owes the Fund). If the swap agreement does not provide for that type of netting, the full amount of the Fund's obligations will be accrued on a daily basis.
During the term of a swap agreement, the Fund is usually required to pledge to the swap counterparty, from time to time, an amount of cash and/or other assets equal to the total net amount (if any) that would be payable by the Fund to the counterparty if the swap were terminated on the date in question, including any early termination payments. Periodically, changes in the amount pledged are made to recognize changes in value of the contract resulting from, among other things, interest on the notional value of the contract, market value changes in the underlying investment, and/or dividends paid by the issuer of the underlying instrument. Likewise, the counterparty may be required to pledge cash or other assets to cover its obligations to the Fund. However, the amount pledged may not always be equal to or more than the amount due to the other party. Therefore, if a counterparty defaults in its obligations to the Fund, the amount pledged by the counterparty and available to the Fund may not be sufficient to cover all the amounts due to the Fund and the Fund may sustain a loss.
Credit default swaps. The "buyer" of protection in a credit default swap agreement is obligated to pay the "seller" a periodic stream of payments over the term of the agreement in return for a payment by the "seller" that is contingent upon the occurrence of a credit event with respect to a specific underlying reference debt obligation (whether as a single debt instrument or as part of an index of debt instruments). The contingent payment by the seller generally is the face amount of the debt obligation, in return for the buyer's obligation to make periodic cash payments and deliver in physical form the reference debt obligation or a cash payment equal to the then-current market value of that debt obligation at the time of the credit event. If no credit event occurs, the seller would receive a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, while the buyer would lose the amount of its payments and recover nothing. The buyer is also subject to the risk that the seller will not satisfy its contingent payment obligation, if and when due.
Purchasing protection through a credit default swap may be used to attempt to hedge against a decline in the value of debt security or securities due to a credit event. The seller of protection under a credit default swap, receives periodic payments from the buyer but is exposed to the risk that the value of the reference debt obligation declines due to a credit event and that it will have to pay the face amount of the reference obligation to the buyer. Selling protection under a credit default swap may also permit the seller to gain exposure that is similar to owning the reference debt obligation directly. As the seller of protection, the Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total assets, the Fund would be subject to the risk that there would be a credit event and the Fund would have to make a substantial payment in the future.
Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, failure to timely pay interest or principal, obligation acceleration, or modified restructuring of the reference debt obligation. There may be disputes between the buyer or seller of a credit default swap agreement or within the swaps market as a whole as to whether or not a credit event has occurred or what the payout should be which could result in litigation. In some instances where there is a dispute in the credit default swap market, a regional Determinations Committee set up by ISDA may make an official, binding determination regarding the existence of credit events under the terms of the ISDA Master Agreement. ISDAs Determination Committees are comprised principally of dealers in the OTC derivatives markets which may have a conflicting interest in the determination regarding the existence of a particular credit event.
The buyer of protection in a credit default swap agreement is subject to the risk that certain occurrences, such as particular restructuring events affecting the value of the underlying reference debt obligation, may not be deemed credit events under the credit default swap agreement. The seller of protection in a credit default swap agreement is subject to the risk that certain occurrences may be deemed to be credit events under the credit default swap agreement that under the circumstances do not adversely impact the value or credit-worthiness of the underlying reference debt obligation.
Interest rate swaps. An interest rate swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange payments based on the changes in an interest rate or rates. Typically, one interest rate is fixed while the other interest rate changes with changes in a designated interest rate benchmark (for example, the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), prime rate, commercial paper rate, or other benchmarks). Each partys payment obligation under an interest rate swap is determined by reference to a specified notional amount of money. Therefore, interest rate swaps generally do not involve the delivery of securities, other underlying instruments, or principal amounts; rather they entail the exchange of cash payments based on the application of the designated interest rates to the notional amount. Accordingly, barring swap counterparty default, the risk of loss in an interest rate swap is limited to the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is obligated to make or receive (as applicable), as well as any early termination payment payable by or to the Fund upon early termination of the swap.
By swapping fixed interest rate payments for floating payments, an interest rate swap can be used to increase or decrease the Fund's exposure to various interest rates, including to hedge interest rate risk. Interest rate swaps are generally used to permit the party seeking a floating rate obligation the opportunity to acquire such obligation at a rate lower than is directly available in the credit markets, while permitting the party desiring a fixed-rate obligation the opportunity to acquire such a fixed-rate obligation, also frequently at a rate lower than is directly available in the credit markets. The success of such a transaction depends in large part on the availability of fixed-rate obligations at interest (or coupon) rates low enough to cover the costs involved. An interest rate swap transaction is affected by changes in interest rates, which, in turn, may affect the prepayment rate of any underlying debt obligations upon which the interest rate swap is based.
Options on swap agreements. An option on a swap agreement generally is an OTC option (see the discussion above on OTC options) that gives the buyer of the option the right, but not the obligation, in return for payment of a premium to the seller, to enter into a previously negotiated swap agreement, or to extend, terminate or otherwise modify the terms of an existing swap agreement. The writer (seller) of an option on a swap agreement receives premium payments from the buyer and, in exchange, becomes obligated to enter into or modify an underlying swap agreement upon the exercise of the option by the buyer. When the Fund purchases an option on a swap agreement, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised, plus any related transaction costs.
There can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option on a swap agreement, or at any particular time, and the Fund may have difficulty affecting closing transactions in particular options on swap agreements. Therefore, the Fund may have to exercise the options that it purchases in order to realize any profit and take delivery of the underlying swap agreement. The Fund could then incur transaction costs upon the sale or closing out of the underlying swap agreement. In the event that the options on a swap is exercised, the counterparty for such option would be the same counterparty with whom the Fund entered into the underlying swap.
However, if the Fund writes (sells) an option on a swap agreement, the Fund is bound by the terms of the underlying swap agreement upon exercise of the option by the buyer, which may result in losses to the Fund in excess of the premium it received. Options on swap agreements involve the risks associated with derivative instruments generally, as described above, as well as the additional risks associated with both OTC options and swaps generally.
An option on an interest rate swap (also sometimes referred to as a swaption) is a contract that gives the purchaser the right, but not the obligation in return for payment of a premium, to enter into a new interest rate swap. A pay fixed option on an interest rate swap gives the buyer the right to establish a position in an interest rate swap where the buyer will pay (and the writer will receive) the fixed-rate cash flows and receive (and the writer will pay) the floating-rate cash flows. In general, most options on interest rate swaps are European exercise, which means that they can only be exercised at the end of the option term. Depending on the movement of interest rates between the time of purchase and expiration, the value of the underlying interest rate swap and therefore also the value of the option on the interest rate swap will change.
An option on a credit default swap is a contract that gives the buyer the right (but not the obligation), in return for payment of a premium to the option seller, to enter into a new credit default swap on a reference entity at a predetermined spread on a future date. This spread is the price at which the contract is executed (the option strike price). Similar to a put option, in a payer option on a credit default swap, the option buyer pays a premium to the option seller for the right, but not the obligation, to buy credit protection on a reference entity (e.g., a particular portfolio security) at a predetermined spread on a future date. Similar to a call option, in a receiver option on a credit default swap the option buyer pays a premium for the right, but not the obligation to sell credit default swap protection on a reference entity or index. Depending on the movement of market spreads with respect to the particular referenced debt securities between the time of purchase and expiration of the option, the value of the underlying credit default swap and therefore the value of the option will change. Similar to a credit default swap, options on a credit default swap are traded OTC and the specific terms of each option on a credit default swap are negotiated directly with the counterparty.
Risks of swaps. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the investment manager correctly to predict which types of investments are likely to produce greater returns. If the investment manager, in using swap agreements, is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates, currency exchange rates or other applicable factors, the investment performance of the Fund will be less than its performance would have been if it had not used the swap agreements.
The risk of loss to the Fund for swap transactions that are entered into on a net basis depends on which party is obligated to pay the net amount to the other party. If the counterparty is obligated to pay the net amount to the Fund, the risk of loss to the Fund is loss of the entire amount that the Fund is entitled to receive. If the Fund is obligated to pay the net amount, the Fund's risk of loss is limited to that net amount. If the swap agreement involves the exchange of the entire principal value of a security, the entire principal value of that security is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations.
Because swap agreements are two-party contracts and may have terms of greater than seven days, they may be illiquid and, therefore, subject to the Funds limitation on investments in illiquid securities. If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, the Fund may not be able to establish or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses. Participants in the swap markets are not required to make continuous markets in the swap contracts they trade. Participants could refuse to quote prices for swap contracts or quote prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they are prepared to buy and the price at which they are prepared to sell. However, the swap markets have grown substantially in recent years, with a large number of financial institutions acting both as principals and agents, utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap markets have become increasingly liquid. Some swap agreements entail complex terms and may require a greater degree of subjectivity in their valuation.
Swap agreements currently are not automatically traded on exchanges and are not subject to government regulation. As a result, swap participants are not as protected as participants on organized exchanges. Performance of a swap agreement is the responsibility only of the swap counterparty and not of any exchange or clearinghouse. As a result, the Fund is subject to the risk that a counterparty will be unable or will refuse to perform under such agreement, including because of the counterpartys bankruptcy or insolvency. No limitations on daily price movements or speculative position limits apply to swap transactions. Counterparties may, however, limit the size or duration of a swap agreement with the Fund as a consequence of credit considerations. The Fund risks the loss of the accrued but unpaid amounts under a swap agreement, which could be substantial, in the event of a default, insolvency or bankruptcy by a swap counterparty. In such an event, the Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the swap agreements, but bankruptcy and insolvency laws could affect the Funds rights as a creditor. If the counterpartys creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement would likely decline, potentially resulting in losses. The Funds investment manager will only approve a swap agreement counterparty for the Fund if the investment manager deems the counterparty to be creditworthy under the Funds Counterparty Credit Review Standards, adopted and reviewed annually by the Funds board. However, in unusual or extreme market conditions, a counterpartys creditworthiness and ability to perform may deteriorate rapidly, and the availability of suitable replacement counterparties may become limited.
As a result of the recent turmoil in the financial markets, legislation has been enacted that will likely result in numerous proposals by various entities to regulate the OTC derivatives markets, including, specifically, credit default swaps. The Fund cannot predict the outcome or final form of any of these proposals or if or when any of them would become effective. However, any additional regulation or limitation on the OTC markets for derivatives could materially and adversely impact the ability of the Fund to buy or sell OTC derivatives, including credit default swaps.
Certain Internal Revenue Service positions may limit the Funds ability to use swap agreements in a desired tax strategy. It is possible that developments in the swap markets and/or the laws relating to swap agreements, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Funds ability to benefit from using swap agreements, or could have adverse tax consequences.
Combined transactions. The Fund may enter into multiple derivative instruments, and any combination of derivative instruments as part of a single or combined strategy (a "Combined Transaction") when, in the opinion of the investment manager, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so. A Combined Transaction will usually contain elements of risk that are present in each of its component transactions.
Although Combined Transactions are normally entered into based on the investment managers judgment that the combined strategies will reduce risk or otherwise more effectively achieve the desired portfolio management goal, it is possible that the combination will instead increase such risks or hinder achievement of the portfolio management objective.
Equity securities Equity securities represent a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; their value is based on the success of the company's business and the value of its assets, as well as general market conditions. The purchaser of an equity security typically receives an ownership interest in the company as well as certain voting rights. The owner of an equity security may participate in a company's success through the receipt of dividends, which are distributions of earnings by the company to its owners. Equity security owners may also participate in a company's success or lack of success through increases or decreases in the value of the company's shares as traded in the public trading market for such shares. Equity securities generally take the form of common stock or preferred stock, as well as securities convertible into common stock. Preferred stockholders typically receive greater dividends but may receive less appreciation than common stockholders and may have different voting rights as well. Equity securities may also include convertible securities, warrants, or rights. Warrants or rights give the holder the right to buy a common stock at a given time for a specified price.
Foreign securities There are substantial risks associated with investing in the securities of governments and companies located in, or having substantial operations in, foreign countries, which are in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic investments. The value of foreign securities (like U.S. securities) is affected by general economic conditions and individual issuer and industry earnings prospects. Investments in depositary receipts also involve some or all of the risks described below.
There is the possibility of cessation of trading on foreign exchanges, expropriation, nationalization of assets, confiscatory or punitive taxation, withholding and other foreign taxes on income or other amounts, foreign exchange controls (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a given country), restrictions on removal of assets, political or social instability, military action or unrest, or diplomatic developments that could affect investments in securities of issuers in foreign nations. There is no assurance that the investment manager will be able to anticipate these potential events. In addition, the value of securities denominated in foreign currencies and of dividends and interest paid with respect to such securities will fluctuate based on the relative strength of the U.S. dollar.
There may be less publicly available information about foreign issuers comparable to the reports and ratings published about issuers in the U.S. Foreign issuers generally are not subject to uniform accounting or financial reporting standards. Auditing practices and requirements may not be comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers. Certain countries' legal institutions, financial markets and services are less developed than those in the U.S. or other major economies. The Fund may have greater difficulty voting proxies, exercising shareholder rights, securing dividends and obtaining information regarding corporate actions on a timely basis, pursuing legal remedies, and obtaining judgments with respect to foreign investments in foreign courts than with respect to domestic issuers in U.S. courts. The costs associated with foreign investments, including withholding taxes, brokerage commissions, and custodial costs, are generally higher than with U.S. investments.
Certain countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, or limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular company. Some countries limit the investment of foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous terms than securities of the issuer available for purchase by nationals. Although securities subject to such restrictions may be marketable abroad, they may be less liquid than foreign securities of the same class that are not subject to such restrictions. In some countries the repatriation of investment income, capital and proceeds of sales by foreign investors may require governmental registration and/or approval. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in or a refusal to grant any required governmental registration or approval for repatriation.
From time to time, trading in a foreign market may be interrupted. Foreign markets also have substantially less volume than the U.S. markets and securities of some foreign issuers are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. issuers. The Fund, therefore, may encounter difficulty in obtaining market quotations for purposes of valuing its portfolio and calculating its net asset value.
In many foreign countries there is less government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the U.S., which may result in greater potential for fraud or market manipulation. Foreign over-the-counter markets tend to be less regulated than foreign stock exchange markets and, in certain countries, may be totally unregulated. Brokerage commission rates in foreign countries, which generally are fixed rather than subject to negotiation as in the U.S., are likely to be higher. Foreign security trading, settlement and custodial practices (including those involving securities settlement where assets may be released prior to receipt of payment) are often less developed than those in U.S. markets, may be cumbersome and may result in increased risk or substantial delays. This could occur in the event of a failed trade or the insolvency of, or breach of duty by, a foreign broker-dealer, securities depository, or foreign subcustodian.
To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a specific geographic region or country, the Fund will have more exposure to economic risks related to such region or country than a fund whose investments are more geographically diversified. Adverse conditions in a certain region can affect securities of other countries whose economies appear to be unrelated. In the event of economic or political turmoil or a deterioration of diplomatic relations in a region or country where a substantial portion of the Fund's assets are invested, the Fund may have difficulty meeting a large number of shareholder redemption requests.
The holding of foreign securities may be limited by the Fund to avoid investment in certain Passive Foreign Investment Companies (PFICs) and the imposition of a PFIC tax on the Fund resulting from such investments.
Developing markets or emerging markets. Investments in companies domiciled or with significant operations in developing market or emerging market countries may be subject to potentially higher risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include, among others (i) less social, political and economic stability; (ii) smaller securities markets with low or nonexistent trading volume, which result in greater illiquidity and greater price volatility; (iii) certain national policies which may restrict the Fund's investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (iv) foreign taxation, including less transparent and established taxation policies; (v) less developed regulatory or legal structures governing private or foreign investment or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property; (vi) the absence, until recently in many developing market countries, of a capital market structure or market-oriented economy; (vii) more widespread corruption and fraud; (viii) the financial institutions with which the Fund may trade may not possess the same degree of financial sophistication, creditworthiness or resources as those in developed markets; and (ix) the possibility that recent favorable economic developments in some developing market countries may be slowed or reversed by unanticipated economic, political or social events in such countries.
In addition, many developing market countries have experienced substantial, and during some periods, extremely high rates of inflation, for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain countries. Moreover, the economies of some developing market countries may differ unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, debt burden, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. The economies of some developing market countries may be based on only a few industries, and may be highly vulnerable to changes in local or global trade conditions.
Settlement systems in developing market countries may be less organized than in developed countries. Supervisory authorities may also be unable to apply standards which are comparable with those in more developed countries. There may be risks that settlement may be delayed and that cash or securities belonging to the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures of or defects in the settlement systems. Market practice may require that payment be made prior to receipt of the security which is being purchased or that delivery of a security must be made before payment is received. In such cases, default by a broker or bank (the "counterparty") through whom the relevant transaction is effected might result in a loss being suffered by the Fund. The Fund seeks, where possible, to use counterparties whose financial status reduces this risk. However, there can be no certainty that the Fund will be successful in eliminating or reducing this risk, particularly as counterparties operating in developing market countries frequently lack the substance, capitalization and/or financial resources of those in developed countries. Uncertainties in the operation of settlement systems in individual markets may increase the risk of competing claims to securities held by or to be transferred to the Fund. Legal compensation schemes may be non-existent, limited or inadequate to meet the Fund's claims in any of these events.
Securities trading in developing markets presents additional credit and financial risks. The Fund may have limited access to, or there may be a limited number of, potential counterparties that trade in the securities of developing market issuers. Governmental regulations may restrict potential counterparties to certain financial institutions located or operating in the particular developing market. Potential counterparties may not possess, adopt or implement creditworthiness standards, financial reporting standards or legal and contractual protections similar to those in developed markets. Currency and other hedging techniques may not be available or may be limited.
The local taxation of income and capital gains accruing to non-residents varies among developing market countries and may be comparatively high. Developing market countries typically have less well-defined tax laws and procedures and such laws may permit retroactive taxation so that the Fund could in the future become subject to local tax liabilities that had not been anticipated in conducting its investment activities or valuing its assets.
Many developing market countries suffer from uncertainty and corruption in their legal frameworks. Legislation may be difficult to interpret and laws may be too new to provide any precedential value. Laws regarding foreign investment and private property may be weak or non-existent. Investments in developing market countries may involve risks of nationalization, expropriation and confiscatory taxation. For example, the Communist governments of a number of Eastern European countries expropriated large amounts of private property in the past, in many cases without adequate compensation, and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future. In the event of expropriation, the Fund could lose all or a substantial portion of any investments it has made in the affected countries. Accounting, auditing and reporting standards in certain countries in which the Fund may invest may not provide the same degree of investor protection or information to investors as would generally apply in major securities markets. In addition, it is possible that purported securities in which the Fund invested may subsequently be found to be fraudulent and as a consequence the Fund could suffer losses.
Finally, currencies of developing market countries are subject to significantly greater risks than currencies of developed countries. Some developing market currencies may not be internationally traded or may be subject to strict controls by local governments, resulting in undervalued or overvalued currencies and associated difficulties with the valuation of assets, including the Fund's securities, denominated in that currency. Some developing market countries have experienced balance of payment deficits and shortages in foreign exchange reserves. Governments have responded by restricting currency conversions. Future restrictive exchange controls could prevent or restrict a company's ability to make dividend or interest payments in the original currency of the obligation (usually U.S. dollars). In addition, even though the currencies of some developing market countries, such as certain Eastern European countries, may be convertible into U.S. dollars, the conversion rates may be artificial to the actual market values and may be adverse to the Fund's shareholders.
Foreign corporate debt securities. Foreign corporate debt securities, including Samurai bonds, Yankee bonds, Eurobonds and Global Bonds, may be purchased to gain exposure to investment opportunities in other countries in a certain currency. A Samurai bond is a yen-denominated bond issued in Japan by a non-Japanese company. Eurobonds are foreign bonds issued and traded in countries other than the country and currency in which the bond was denominated. Eurobonds generally trade on a number of exchanges and are issued in bearer form, carry a fixed or floating rate of interest, and typically amortize principal through a single payment for the entire principal at maturity with semiannual interest payments. Yankee bonds are bonds denominated in U.S. dollars issued by foreign banks and corporations, and registered with the SEC for sale in the U.S. A Global Bond is a certificate representing the total debt of an issue. Such bonds are created to control the primary market distribution of an issue in compliance with selling restrictions in certain jurisdictions or because definitive bond certificates are not available. A Global Bond is also known as a Global Certificate.
Foreign currency exchange rates. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates will affect the U.S. dollar market value of securities denominated in such foreign currencies and any income received or expenses paid by the Fund in that foreign currency. This may affect the Fund's share price, income and distributions to shareholders. Some countries may have fixed or managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar. It will be more difficult for the investment manager to value securities denominated in currencies that are fixed or managed. Certain currencies may not be internationally traded, which could cause illiquidity with respect to the Fund's investments in that currency and any securities denominated in that currency. Currency markets generally are not as regulated as securities markets. The Fund endeavors to buy and sell foreign currencies on as favorable a basis as practicable. Some price spread in currency exchanges (to cover service charges) may be incurred, particularly when the Fund changes investments from one country to another or when proceeds of the sale of securities in U.S. dollars are used for the purchase of securities in foreign countries. Some countries may adopt policies that would prevent the Fund from transferring cash out of the country or withhold portions of interest and dividends at the source.
Certain currencies have experienced a steady devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar. Any devaluations in the currencies in which the Fund's portfolio securities are denominated may have a detrimental impact on the Fund. Where the exchange rate for a currency declines materially after the Fund's income has been accrued and translated into U.S. dollars, the Fund may need to redeem portfolio securities to make required distributions. Similarly, if an exchange rate declines between the time the Fund incurs expenses in U.S. dollars and the time such expenses are paid, the Fund will have to convert a greater amount of the currency into U.S. dollars in order to pay the expenses.
Investing in foreign currencies for purposes of gaining from projected changes in exchange rates further increases the Fund's exposure to foreign securities losses.
Foreign governmental and supranational debt securities. The Fund's investments in debt securities may include debt securities of sovereign, governmental or supranational issuers. Such investments are subject to all the risks associated with investment in U.S. and foreign securities and certain additional risks.
Foreign government and sovereign debt securities include debt securities issued, sponsored or guaranteed by: governments or governmental agencies, instrumentalities, or political subdivisions located in emerging or developed market countries; government owned, controlled or sponsored entities located in emerging or developed market countries; entities organized and operated for the purpose of restructuring the investment characteristics of instruments issued by any of the above issuers.
A supranational entity is a bank, commission or company established or financially supported by the national governments of one or more countries to promote reconstruction, trade, harmonization of standards or laws, economic development, and humanitarian, political or environmental initiatives. Supranational debt obligations include: Brady Bonds (which are debt securities issued under the framework of the Brady Plan as a means for debtor nations to restructure their outstanding external indebtedness); participations in loans between emerging market governments and financial institutions; and debt securities issued by supranational entities such as the World Bank, Asia Development Bank, European Investment Bank and the European Economic Community.
Foreign government and sovereign debt securities are subject to risks in addition to those relating to debt securities generally. Governmental issuers of foreign debt securities may be unwilling to pay interest and repay principal, or otherwise meet obligations, when due and may require that the conditions for payment be renegotiated. As a sovereign entity, the issuing government may be immune from lawsuits in the event of its failure or refusal to pay the obligations when due. The debtor's willingness or ability to repay in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its non-U.S. reserves, the availability of sufficient non-U.S. exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the issuing country's economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor's policy toward principal international lenders and the political constraints to which the sovereign debtor may be subject. Governmental debtors also will be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments or multinational agencies and the country's access to, or balance of, trade. Some governmental debtors have in the past been able to reschedule or restructure their debt payments without the approval of debt holders or declare moratoria on payments, and similar occurrences may happen in the future. There is no bankruptcy proceeding by which the Fund may collect in whole or in part on debt subject to default by a government.
High-yield debt securities High-yield or lower-rated debt securities (also referred to as "junk bonds") are securities that have been rated by Moody's or S&P below their top four rating categories (e.g., BB or Ba and lower) and are considered below investment grade. These securities generally have greater risk with respect to the payment of interest and repayment of principal, or may be in default and are often considered to be speculative and involve greater risk of loss because they are generally unsecured and are often subordinated to other debt of the issuer.
Adverse publicity, investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, or real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions may decrease the values and liquidity of lower-rated debt securities, especially in a thinly traded market. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of lower-rated debt securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher-rated securities. The Fund relies on the investment manager's judgment, analysis and experience in evaluating the creditworthiness of an issuer of lower-rated securities. In such evaluations, the investment manager takes into consideration, among other things, the issuer's financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, its operating history, the quality of the issuer's management and regulatory matters. There can be no assurance the investment manager will be successful in evaluating the creditworthiness of an issuer or the value of high yield debt securities generally.
The prices of lower-rated debt securities may be less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher-rated debt securities, but more sensitive to economic downturns or individual adverse corporate developments. Market anticipation of an economic downturn or of rising interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in lower-rated debt securities prices. This is because an economic downturn could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make principal and interest payments on its debt securities. Similarly, the impact of individual adverse corporate developments, or public perceptions thereof, will be greater for lower-rated securities because the issuers of such securities are more likely to enter bankruptcy. If the issuer of lower-rated debt securities defaults, the Fund may incur substantial expenses to seek recovery of all or a portion of its investments or to exercise other rights as a security holder. The Fund may choose, at its expense or in conjunction with others, to pursue litigation or otherwise to exercise its rights as a security holder to seek to protect the interests of security holders if it determines this to be in the best interest of the Fund's shareholders.
Lower-rated debt securities frequently have call or buy-back features that allow an issuer to redeem the securities from their holders. Although these securities are typically not callable for a period of time, usually for three to five years from the date of issue, the Fund will be exposed to prepayment risk.
The markets in which lower-rated debt securities are traded are more limited than those in which higher-rated securities are traded. The existence of limited markets for particular securities may diminish the Fund's ability to sell the securities at desirable prices to meet redemption requests or to respond to a specific economic event, such as deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer. Reduced secondary market liquidity for certain lower-rated debt securities also may make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for the purposes of valuing the Fund's portfolio. Market quotations are generally available on many lower-rated securities only from a limited number of dealers and may not necessarily represent firm bids of such dealers or prices of actual sales, which may limit the Fund's ability to rely on such quotations.
Some lower-rated debt securities are sold without registration under federal securities laws and, therefore, carry restrictions on resale. While many of such lower-rated debt securities have been sold with registration rights, covenants and penalty provisions for delayed registration, if the Fund is required to sell restricted securities before the securities have been registered, it may be deemed an underwriter of the securities under the Securities Act of 1933, which entails special responsibilities and liabilities. The Fund also may incur extra costs when selling restricted securities, although the Fund will generally not incur any costs when the issuer is responsible for registering the securities.
High-yield, fixed-income securities acquired during an initial underwriting involve special credit risks because they are new issues. The investment manager will carefully review the issuer's credit and other characteristics.
The credit risk factors described above also apply to high-yield zero coupon, deferred interest and pay-in-kind securities. These securities have an additional risk, however, because unlike securities that pay interest periodically until maturity, zero coupon bonds and similar securities will not make any interest or principal payments until the cash payment date or maturity of the security. If the issuer defaults, the Fund may not obtain any return on its investment.
Illiquid securities Generally, an "illiquid security" is any security that cannot be disposed of within seven days at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the instrument. Illiquid securities generally include securities for which no market exists or which are legally restricted as to their transfer (such as those issued pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the federal securities laws). Restricted securities are generally sold in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to an exemption from registration under the 1933 Act, or in a registered public offering. If registration is required, the Fund, as the holder of an unregistered security, may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expense and a considerable period may elapse between the time it decides to seek registration and the time it will be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to seek registration of the security. To the extent the investment manager determines there is a liquid institutional or other market for restricted securities, the Fund considers them to be liquid securities. An example is a restricted security that may be freely transferred among qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, and for which a liquid institutional market has developed. Rule 144A securities may be subject, however, to a greater possibility of becoming illiquid than securities that have been registered with the SEC.
The Fund's board of trustees will review on a periodic basis any determination by the investment manager to treat a restricted security as liquid. In determining whether a restricted security is properly considered a liquid security, the investment manager takes into account the following factors: (i) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (ii) the number of dealers willing to buy or sell the security and the number of other potential buyers; (iii) any dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (iv) the nature of the security and of the marketplace trades (e.g., any demand, put or tender features, the method of soliciting offers, the mechanics and other requirements for transfer, and the ability to assign or offset the rights and obligations of the security). The nature of the security and its trading includes the time needed to sell the security, the method of soliciting offers to purchase or sell the security, and the mechanics of transferring the security including the role of parties such as foreign or U.S. custodians, subcustodians, currency exchange brokers, and depositories.
The sale of illiquid securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets. Illiquid securities often sell at a price lower than similar securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale.
The risk to the Fund in holding illiquid securities is that they may be more difficult to sell if the Fund wants to dispose of the security in response to adverse developments or in order to raise money for redemptions or other investment opportunities. Illiquid trading conditions may also make it more difficult for the Fund to realize a security's fair value.
The Fund may also be unable to achieve its desired level of exposure to a certain security, issuer, or sector due to overall limitations on its ability to invest in illiquid securities and the difficulty in purchasing such securities.
Inflation-indexed securities Inflation-indexed securities are debt securities, the value of which is periodically adjusted to reflect a measure of inflation. Two structures are common for inflation-indexed securities. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a structure that reflects inflation as it accrues by increasing the U.S. dollar amount of the principal originally invested. Other issuers pay out the inflation as it accrues as part of a semiannual coupon. Any amount accrued on an inflation-indexed security, regardless whether paid out as a coupon or added to the principal, is generally considered taxable income. Where the accrued amount is added to the principal and no cash income is received until maturity, the Fund may be required to sell portfolio securities that it would otherwise continue to hold in order to obtain sufficient cash to make distributions to shareholders required for U.S. tax purposes.
An investor could experience a loss of principal and income on investments in inflation-indexed securities. In a deflationary environment, the value of the principal invested in an inflation-indexed security will be adjusted downward, just as it would be adjusted upward in an inflationary environment. Because the interest on an inflation-indexed security is calculated with respect to the amount of principal which is smaller following a deflationary period, interest payments will also be reduced, just as they would be increased following an inflationary period.
In the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed securities, the return of at least the original U.S. dollar amount of principal invested is guaranteed, so an investor receives the greater of its original principal or the inflation-adjusted principal. If the return of principal is not guaranteed, the investor may receive less than the amount it originally invested in an inflation-indexed security following a period of deflation. Any guarantee of principal provided by a party other than the U.S. government will increase the Fund's exposure to the credit risk of that party.
The value of inflation-indexed securities is generally expected to change in response to changes in "real" interest rates. The real interest rate is the rate of interest that would be paid in the absence of inflation. The actual rate of interest, referred to as the nominal interest rate, is equal to the real interest rate plus the rate of inflation. If inflation rises at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed securities. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed securities.
While inflation-indexed securities are designed to provide some protection from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in their value. For example, if interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation, investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the security's inflation measure. The reasons that interest rates may rise without a corresponding increase in inflation include changes in currency exchange rates and temporary shortages of credit or liquidity. When interest rates rise without a corresponding increase in inflation, the Fund's investment in inflation-indexed securities will forego the additional return that could have been earned on a floating rate debt security.
The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-protected debt securities is tied to the Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers (CPI-U), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI-U is an index of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation and energy. Inflation-protected debt securities issued by a foreign government are generally adjusted to reflect a comparable consumer inflation index, calculated by that government. There can be no assurance that the CPI-U or any foreign inflation index will accurately measure the actual rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will be correlated to the rate of inflation in the United States. To the extent that the Fund invests in inflation-indexed securities as a hedge against inflation, an imperfect hedge will result if the cost of living (as represented in the CPI-U) has a different inflation rate than the Fund's interests in industries and sectors minimally affected by changes in the cost of living.
Investment company securities The Fund may invest in other investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, SEC rules thereunder and exemptions thereto. With respect to unaffiliated funds in which the Fund may invest, Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act requires that, as determined immediately after a purchase is made, (i) not more than 5% of the value of a Funds total assets will be invested in the securities of any one investment company, (ii) not more than 10% of the value of the Funds total assets will be invested in securities of investment companies as a group, and (iii) not more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company will be owned by the Fund. The Fund will limit its investments in unaffiliated funds in accordance with the Section 12(d)(1)(A) limitations set forth above, except to the extent that any rules, regulations or no-action or exemptive relief under the 1940 Act permits the Funds investments to exceed such limits in unaffiliated underlying funds. To the extent that the Fund invests in another investment company, because other investment companies pay advisory, administrative and service fees that are borne indirectly by investors, such as the Fund, there may be duplication of investment management and other fees. The Fund may also invest its cash balances in affiliated money market funds to the extent permitted by its investment policies and rules and exemptions granted under the 1940 Act.
Investment grade debt securities Debt securities that are rated Baa or higher by Moody's, BBB or higher by S&P, or unrated securities deemed by the Fund's investment manager to be of comparable quality, are considered to be "investment grade." Generally, a higher rating indicates the rating agency's opinion that there is less risk of default of obligations thereunder including timely repayment of principal and payment of interest. Debt securities in the lowest investment grade category may have speculative characteristics and more closely resemble high-yield debt securities than investment-grade debt securities. Lower-rated securities may be subject to all the risks applicable to high-yield debt securities and changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to make principal and interest payments than is the case with higher grade debt securities.
A number of risks associated with rating organizations apply to the purchase or sale of investment grade debt securities.
Mortgage-backed securities
Overview. Mortgage-backed securities, also referred to as mortgage securities or mortgage-related securities, represent an ownership interest in a pool of mortgage loans, usually originated by mortgage bankers, commercial banks, savings and loan associations, savings banks and credit unions to finance purchases of homes, commercial buildings or other real estate. The individual mortgage loans are packaged or "pooled" together for sale to investors. These mortgage loans may have either fixed or adjustable interest rates. A guarantee or other form of credit support may be attached to a mortgage security to protect against default on obligations such as repayment of principal and payments of interest.
As the underlying mortgage loans are paid off, investors receive principal and interest payments, which "pass-through" when received from individual borrowers, net of any fees owed to the administrator, guarantor or other service providers. Some mortgage securities make payments of both principal and interest at a range of specified intervals; others make semiannual interest payments at a predetermined rate and repay principal at maturity (like a typical bond).
Mortgage securities are based on different types of mortgages, including those on commercial real estate or residential properties. The primary issuers or guarantors of mortgage securities have historically been the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA, or "Ginnie Mae"), the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA, or "Fannie Mae") and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC, or "Freddie Mac"). Other issuers of mortgage securities include commercial banks and other private lenders.
Ginnie Mae is a wholly-owned United States Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Ginnie Mae guarantees the principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by Ginnie Mae (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers). Ginnie Mae also guarantees the principal and interest on securities backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration (the "FHA"), or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (the "VA"). Ginnie Mae's guarantees are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Guarantees as to the timely payment of principal and interest do not extend to the value or yield of mortgage securities nor do they extend to the value of the Fund's shares which will fluctuate daily with market conditions.
Fannie Mae is a government-sponsored corporation, but its common stock is owned by private stockholders. Fannie Mae purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by Fannie Mae are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by Fannie Mae, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
Freddie Mac was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks but now its common stock is owned entirely by private stockholders. Freddie Mac issues Participation Certificates (PCs), which are pass-through securities, each representing an undivided interest in a pool of residential mortgages. Freddie Mac guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
Although the mortgage securities of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, the Secretary of the Treasury has the authority to support Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac by purchasing limited amounts of their respective obligations. The yields on these mortgage securities have historically exceeded the yields on other types of U.S. government securities with comparable maturities due largely to their prepayment risk. The U.S. government has recently provided financial support to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, but no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will continue to do so. Accordingly, securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac may involve a risk of non-payment of principal and interest.
On September 6, 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) placed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship. As the conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and of any stockholder, officer or director of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. FHFA selected a new chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors for each of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Also, the U.S. Treasury entered into a Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement imposing various covenants that severely limit each enterprise's operations.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac continue to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship and each remains liable for all of its obligations, including its guaranty obligations associated with its mortgage-backed securities. The FHFA has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac prior to FHFA's appointment as conservator or receiver, including the guaranty obligations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Accordingly, securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will involve a risk of non-payment of principal and interest.
Private mortgage securities. Issuers of private mortgage securities, such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers, are not U.S. government agencies and may be both the originators of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-backed securities, or they may partner with a government entity by issuing mortgage loans guaranteed or sponsored by the U.S. government or a U.S. government agency or sponsored enterprise. Pools of mortgage loans created by private issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or government agency guarantees of payment. The risk of loss due to default on private mortgage securities is historically higher because neither the U.S. government nor an agency or instrumentality have guaranteed them. Timely payment of interest and principal is, however, generally supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance. Government entities, private insurance companies or the private mortgage poolers issue the insurance and guarantees. The insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of their issuers will be considered when determining whether a mortgage security meets the Fund's quality standards. The Fund may buy mortgage securities without insurance or guarantees if, through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the poolers, the investment manager determines that the securities meet the Fund's quality standards. Private mortgage securities whose underlying assets are neither U.S. government securities nor U.S. government-insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, may also be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of property owners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages. Non-government mortgage securities are generally subject to greater price volatility than those issued, guaranteed or sponsored by government entities because of the greater risk of default in adverse market conditions. Where a guarantee is provided by a private guarantor, the Fund is subject to the credit risk of such guarantor, especially when the guarantor doubles as the originator.
Mortgage securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, are not subject to the Fund's industry concentration restrictions, set forth under "Fundamental Investment Policies," by virtue of the exclusion from that test available to securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities. In the case of privately issued mortgage-backed securities, the Fund categorizes the securities by the issuer's industry for purposes of the Fund's industry concentration restrictions.
Additional risks. In addition to the special risks described below, mortgage securities are subject to many of the same risks as other types of debt securities. The market value of mortgage securities, like other debt securities, will generally vary inversely with changes in market interest rates, declining when interest rates rise and rising when interest rates decline. Mortgage securities differ from conventional debt securities in that most mortgage securities are pass-through securities. This means that they typically provide investors with periodic payments (typically monthly) consisting of a pro rata share of both regular interest and principal payments, as well as unscheduled early prepayments, on the underlying mortgage pool (net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities and any applicable loan servicing fees). As a result, the holder of the mortgage securities (i.e., the Fund) receives scheduled payments of principal and interest and may receive unscheduled principal payments representing prepayments on the underlying mortgages. The rate of prepayments on the underlying mortgages generally increases as interest rates decline, and when the Fund reinvests the payments and any unscheduled prepayments of principal it receives, it may receive a rate of interest that is lower than the rate on the existing mortgage-backed securities. For this reason, pass-through mortgage securities may have less potential for capital appreciation as interest rates decline and may be less effective than other types of U.S. government or other debt securities as a means of "locking in" long-term interest rates. In general, fixed rate mortgage-backed securities have greater exposure to this "prepayment risk" than variable rate securities.
An unexpected rise in interest rates could extend the average life of a mortgage security because of a lower than expected level of prepayments or higher than expected amounts of late payments or defaults. In addition, to the extent mortgage securities are purchased at a premium, mortgage foreclosures and unscheduled principal prepayments may result in some loss of the holder's principal investment to the extent of the premium paid. On the other hand, if mortgage securities are purchased at a discount, both a scheduled payment of principal and an unscheduled prepayment of principal will increase current and total returns and will accelerate the recognition of income that, when distributed to shareholders, will generally be taxable as ordinary income. Regulatory or tax changes may also adversely affect the mortgage securities market as a whole.
Guarantees. The existence of a guarantee or other form of credit support on a mortgage security usually increases the price that the Fund pays for the security. There is always the risk that the guarantor will default on its obligations. When the guarantor is the U.S. government, there is minimal risk of guarantor default. However, the risk remains if the credit support or guarantee is provided by a private party or a U.S. government agency or sponsored enterprise. Even if the guarantor meets its obligations, there can be no assurance that the type of guarantee or credit support provided will be effective at reducing losses or delays to investors, given the nature of the default. A guarantee only assures timely payment of interest and principal, not a particular rate of return on the Fund's investment or protection against prepayment or other risks. The market price and yield of the mortgage security at any given time are not guaranteed and likely to fluctuate.
Sector focus. The Fund's investments in mortgage securities may cause the Fund to have significant, indirect exposure to a given market sector. If the underlying mortgages are predominantly from borrowers in a given market sector, the mortgage securities may respond to market conditions just as a direct investment in that sector would. As a result, the Fund may experience greater exposure to that specific market sector than it would if the underlying mortgages came from a wider variety of borrowers. Greater exposure to a particular market sector may result in greater volatility of the security's price and returns to the Fund, as well as greater potential for losses in the absence or failure of a guarantee to protect against widespread defaults or late payments by the borrowers on the underlying mortgages.
Similar risks may result from an investment in mortgage securities if real properties securing the mortgage securities are located in the same geographical region or dependent upon the same industries or sectors. Such mortgage securities will experience greater risk of default or late payment than other comparable but diversified securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments because of the widespread affect an adverse event will have on borrowers' ability to make payments on the underlying mortgages.
The residential mortgage market in the United States recently has experienced difficulties that may adversely affect the performance and market value of certain mortgage-backed investments. Delinquencies and losses on residential mortgage loans (especially subprime and second-lien mortgage loans) have increased recently and may continue to increase. A decline in or plateauing of housing values (as has recently been experienced and may continue to be experienced in many housing markets) may exacerbate such delinquencies and losses. Also, a number of residential mortgage loan originators have recently experienced serious financial difficulties or bankruptcy.
Adjustable rate mortgage securities (ARMS) ARMS, like traditional fixed rate mortgage securities, represent an ownership interest in a pool of mortgage loans and are issued, guaranteed or otherwise sponsored by governmental or by private entities. Unlike traditional mortgage securities, the mortgage loans underlying ARMS generally carry adjustable interest rates, and in some cases principal repayment rates, that are reset periodically. An adjustable interest rate may be passed-through or otherwise offered on certain ARMS. Investing in ARMS may permit the Fund to participate in increases in prevailing current interest rates through periodic adjustments in the interest rate payments on mortgages underlying the pool on which the ARMS are based. ARMS generally have lower price fluctuations than is the case with more traditional fixed income debt securities of comparable rating and maturity.
The interest rates paid on ARMS generally are readjusted at intervals of one year or less to a rate that is an increment over some predetermined interest rate index, although some securities may have reset intervals as long as five years. There are three main categories of indices: those based on LIBOR, those based on U.S. Treasury securities and those derived from a calculated measure such as a cost of funds index (indicating the cost of borrowing) or a moving average of mortgage rates. Commonly used indices include the one-, three-, and five-year constant-maturity Treasury rates; the three-month Treasury bill rate; the 180-day Treasury bill rate; rates on longer-term Treasury securities; the 11th District Federal Home Loan Bank Cost of Funds; the National Median Cost of Funds; the one-, three-, six-month, or one-year LIBOR; the prime rate of a specific bank; or commercial paper rates.
In a changing interest rate environment, the reset feature may act as a buffer to reduce sharp changes in the ARMS' value in response to normal interest rate fluctuations. However, the time interval between each interest reset causes the yield on the ARMS to lag behind changes in the prevailing market interest rate. As interest rates are reset on the underlying mortgages, the yields of the ARMS gradually re-align themselves to reflect changes in market rates so that their market values remain relatively stable compared to fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities.
As a result, ARMS also have less risk of a decline in value during periods of rising interest rates than if the Fund invested in more traditional long-term, fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities. However, during such periods, this reset lag may result in a lower net asset value until the interest rate resets to market rates. If prepayments of principal are made on the underlying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates, the Fund generally will be able to reinvest these amounts in securities with a higher current rate of return. However, the Fund will not benefit from increases in interest rates to the extent that interest rates exceed the maximum allowable annual or lifetime reset limits (or cap rates) for a particular mortgage security. See "Caps and floors." Additionally, during periods of rising interest rates ARMS will be subjected to a greater risk of default than fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities. This is because borrowers with the adjustable rate mortgage loans that are pooled into ARMS generally see an increase in their monthly mortgage payments when interest rates rise which in turn increases their rate of late payments and defaults.
During periods of declining interest rates, the interest rates on the underlying mortgages may reset downward with a similar lag, resulting in lower yields to the Fund. As a result, the value of ARMS is unlikely to rise during periods of declining interest rates to the same extent as the value of fixed-rate securities do.
Because an investor is "locked in" at a given interest rate for the duration of the interval until the reset date, whereas interest rates continue to fluctuate, the sensitivity of an ARMS' price to changes in interest rates tends to increase along with the length of the interval. To the extent the Fund invests in ARMS that reset infrequently, the Fund will be subject to similar interest rate risks as when investing in fixed-rate debt securities. For example, the Fund can expect to receive a lower interest rate than the prevailing market rates (or index rates) in a rising interest rate environment because of the lag between daily increases in interest rates and periodic readjustments.
Caps and floors. The underlying mortgages that collateralize ARMS will frequently have caps and floors that limit the maximum amount by which the interest rate to the residential borrower may change up or down (a) per reset or adjustment interval and (b) over the life of the loan. Fluctuations in interest rates above the applicable caps or floors on the ARMS could cause the ARMS to "cap out" and to behave more like long-term, fixed-rate debt securities.
Negative amortization. Some mortgage loans restrict periodic adjustments by limiting changes in the borrower's monthly principal and interest payments rather than limiting interest rate changes. These payment caps may result in negative amortization, where payments are less than the amount of principal and interest owed, with excess amounts added to the outstanding principal balance, which can extend the average life of the mortgage securities.
Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) and multi-class pass-throughs Some mortgage-backed securities known as collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) are divided into multiple classes. Each of the classes is allocated a different share of the principal and/or interest payments received from the pool according to a different payment schedule depending on, among other factors, the seniority of a class relative to their classes. Other mortgage-backed securities such as real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) are also divided into multiple classes with different rights to the interest and/or principal payments received on the pool of mortgages. A CMO or REMIC may designate the most junior of the securities it issues as a "residual" which will be entitled to any amounts remaining after all classes of shareholders (and any fees or expenses) have been paid in full. Some of the different rights may include different maturities, interest rates, payment schedules, and allocations of interest and/or principal payments on the underlying mortgage loans. Multi-class pass-through securities are equity interests in a trust composed of mortgage loans or other mortgage securities. Payments of principal and interest on the underlying collateral provide the funds to pay the debt service on CMOs or REMICs or to make scheduled distributions on the multi-class pass-through securities. Unless the context indicates otherwise, the discussion of CMOs below also applies to REMICs and multi-class pass-through securities.
All the risks applicable to a traditional mortgage security also apply to the CMO or REMIC taken as a whole, even though certain classes of the CMO or REMIC will be protected against a particular risk by subordinated classes. The risks associated with an investment in a particular CMO or REMIC class vary substantially depending on the combination of rights associated with that class. An investment in the most subordinated classes of a CMO or REMIC bears a disproportionate share of the risks associated with mortgage-backed securities generally, be it credit risk, prepayment or extension risk, interest rate risk, income risk, market risk, illiquidity risk or any other risk associated with a debt or equity instrument with similar features to the relevant class. As a result, an investment in the most subordinated classes of a CMO or REMIC is often riskier than an investment in other types of mortgage-backed securities.
CMOs are generally required to maintain more collateral than REMICs to collateralize the CMOs being issued. Most REMICs are not subject to the same minimum collateralization requirements and may be permitted to issue the full value of their assets as securities, without reserving any amount as collateral. As a result, an investment in the subordinated classes of a REMIC may be riskier than an investment in equivalent classes of a CMO.
CMOs may be issued, guaranteed or sponsored by governmental entities or by private entities. Consequently, they involve risks similar to those of traditional mortgage securities that have been issued, guaranteed or sponsored by such government and/or private entities. For example, the Fund is generally exposed to a greater risk of loss due to default when investing in CMOs that have not been issued, guaranteed or sponsored by a government entity.
CMOs are typically issued in multiple classes. Each class, often referred to as a "tranche," is issued at a specified coupon rate or adjustable rate and has a stated maturity or final distribution date. Principal prepayments on collateral underlying CMOs may cause the CMOs to be retired substantially earlier than their stated maturities or final distribution dates. Interest is paid or accrues on most classes of a CMO on a monthly, quarterly or semiannual basis. The principal and interest on the mortgages underlying CMOs may be allocated among the several classes in many ways. In a common structure, payments of principal on the underlying mortgages, including any principal prepayments, are applied to the classes of a series of a CMO in the order of their respective stated maturities or final distribution dates, so that no payment of principal will be made on any class until all other classes having an earlier stated maturity or final distribution date have been paid in full.
One or more classes of a CMO may have interest rates that reset periodically as ARMS do. These adjustable rate classes are known as "floating-rate CMOs" and are subject to most risks associated with ARMS. Floating-rate CMOs may be backed by fixed- or adjustable-rate mortgages. To date, fixed-rate mortgages have been more commonly used for this purpose. Floating-rate CMOs are typically issued with lifetime "caps" on the interest rate. These caps, similar to the caps on ARMS, limit the Fund's potential to gain from rising interest rates and increasing the sensitivity of the CMO's price to interest rate changes while rates remain above the cap.
Timely payment of interest and principal (but not the market value and yield) of some of these pools is supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees issued by private issuers, those who pool the mortgage assets and, in some cases, by U.S. government agencies.
CMOs involve risks including the uncertainty of the timing of cash flows that results from the rate of prepayments on the underlying mortgages serving as collateral, and risks resulting from the structure of the particular CMO transaction and the priority of the individual tranches. The prices of some CMOs, depending on their structure and the rate of prepayments, can be volatile. Some CMOs may be less liquid than other types of mortgage securities. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible to sell the securities at an advantageous price or time under certain circumstances. Yields on privately issued CMOs have been historically higher than the yields on CMOs issued and guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities. The risk of loss due to default on privately issued CMOs, however, is historically higher since the U.S. government has not guaranteed them.
To the extent any privately issued CMOs in which the Fund invests are considered by the SEC to be an investment company, the Fund will limit its investments in such securities in a manner consistent with the provisions of the 1940 Act.
CMO and REMIC Residuals. The residual in a CMO or REMIC structure is the interest in any excess cash flow generated by the mortgage pool that remains after first making the required payments of principal and interest to the other classes of the CMO or REMIC and, second, paying the related administrative expenses and any management fee of the issuer. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO or REMIC residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO or REMIC will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the interest rate of each class, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the pre-payment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the return on CMO and REMIC residuals is extremely sensitive to pre-payments on the related underlying mortgage assets. If a class of a CMO or REMIC bears interest at an adjustable rate, the CMO or REMIC residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. CMO and REMIC residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers and may not have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act). CMO and REMIC residuals, whether or not registered under the 1933 Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability, and may be deemed "illiquid" and subject to the Fund's limitation on investment in illiquid securities.
Stripped mortgage securities and net interest margin securities Some mortgage securities referred to as stripped mortgage securities are divided into classes which receive different proportions of the principal and interest payments or, in some cases, only payments of principal or interest (but not both). Other mortgage securities referred to as net interest margin (NIM) securities give the investor the right to receive any excess interest earned on a pool of mortgage loans remaining after all classes and service providers have been paid in full. Stripped mortgage securities may be issued by government or private entities. Stripped mortgage securities issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government are typically more liquid than privately issued stripped mortgage-backed securities.
Stripped mortgage securities are usually structured with two classes, each receiving different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. In most cases, one class receives all of the interest (the interest-only or "IO" class), while the other class receives all of the principal (the principal-only or "PO" class). The return on an IO class is extremely sensitive not only to changes in prevailing interest rates but also to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying mortgage assets. A rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on any IO class held by the Fund. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may fail to recoup its initial investment fully, even if the securities are rated in the highest rating categories, AAA or Aaa, by S&P or Moody's, respectively.
NIM securities represent a right to receive any "excess" interest computed after paying coupon costs, servicing costs and fees and any credit losses associated with the underlying pool of home equity loans. Like traditional stripped mortgage securities, the return on a NIM security is sensitive not only to changes in prevailing interest rates but also to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying home equity loans. NIM securities are highly sensitive to credit losses on the underlying collateral and the timing in which those losses are taken.
Stripped mortgage securities and NIM securities tend to exhibit greater market volatility in response to changes in interest rates than other types of mortgage securities and are purchased and sold by institutional investors, such as the Fund, through investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. Some of these securities may be deemed "illiquid" and therefore subject to the Fund's limitation on investment in illiquid securities and the risks associated with illiquidity.
Future developments. Mortgage loan and home equity loan pools offering pass-through investments in addition to those described above may be created in the future. The mortgages underlying these securities may be alternative mortgage instruments, that is, mortgage instruments whose principal or interest payments may vary or whose terms to maturity may differ from customary long-term, fixed-rate mortgages. As new types of mortgage and home equity loan securities are developed and offered to investors, the Fund may invest in them if they are consistent with the Fund's goals, policies and quality standards.
Distressed mortgage obligations and reverse mortgages A direct investment in a distressed mortgage obligation involves the purchase by the Fund of a lender's interest in a mortgage granted to a borrower, where the borrower has experienced difficulty in making its mortgage payments, or for which it appears likely that the borrower will experience difficulty in making its mortgage payments. A reverse mortgage generally refers to a mortgage loan in which the lender advances in a lump sum or in installments a sum of money based on the age of the borrower, the interest rate at closing, and the equity in the real estate. Generally no payment is due on a reverse mortgage until the borrower no longer owns or occupies the home as his or her principal residence.
As is typical with mortgage obligations, payment of the loan is secured by the real estate underlying the loan. By purchasing the distressed mortgage obligation, the Fund steps into the shoes of the lender from a risk point of view. As distinguished from mortgage securities, which generally represent an interest in a pool of loans backed by real estate, investing in direct mortgage obligations involves the risks similar to making a loan or purchasing an assignment of a loan. To the extent that the Fund's investment depends on a single borrower, the Fund will experience greater credit risk and more extreme gains or losses than when investing in a pool of loans with multiple borrowers. Other risks include the inability of a borrower to make its loan payments or other obligations, and if the real estate underlying the distressed or reverse mortgage loan is acquired by foreclosure, the Fund could become part owner of such real estate, directly or indirectly through the mortgage security in which it holds an interest. As a direct or indirect owner, the Fund would bear its share of any costs associated with owning and disposing of the real estate. There is no assurance that the real estate would be disposed of in a timely or profitable manner.
Investments in direct mortgage obligations of distressed borrowers involve substantially greater risks and are highly speculative due to the fact that the borrower's ability to make timely payments has been identified as questionable. Borrowers that are in bankruptcy or restructuring may never pay off their loans, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed.
There is currently no active market in reverse mortgages, and the Fund accordingly considers any reverse mortgages it may hold to be illiquid and therefore subject to the Fund's limitation on investment in illiquid securities and the risks associated with illiquidity. The recorded value of reverse mortgage assets includes significant volatility associated with estimations, and income recognition can vary significantly from reporting period to reporting period.
Because reverse mortgages are a relatively new and uncommon product, there can be no assurances about how the courts or arbitrators may apply existing legal principles to the interpretation and enforcement of the terms and conditions of reverse mortgages, including the Fund's position as an investor.
Mortgage Dollar and U.S. Treasury Rolls
Mortgage dollar rolls. In a mortgage dollar roll, the Fund sells or buys mortgage securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to repurchase or sell substantially similar (same type, coupon, and maturity) securities on a specified future date. During the period between the sale and repurchase (the "roll period"), the Fund forgoes principal and interest payments that it would otherwise have received on the securities sold. The Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price, which it receives, and the lower forward price that it will pay for the future purchase (often referred to as the "drop"), as well as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.
For each roll transaction, the Fund will segregate assets as set forth in "Segregation of assets" under "Borrowing."
The Fund is exposed to the credit risk of its counterparty in a mortgage dollar roll or U.S. Treasury roll transaction. The Fund could suffer a loss if the counterparty fails to perform the future transaction or otherwise meet its obligations and the Fund is therefore unable to repurchase at the agreed upon price the same or substantially similar mortgage securities it initially sold. The Fund also takes the risk that the mortgage securities that it repurchases at a later date will have less favorable market characteristics than the securities originally sold (e.g., greater prepayment risk).
The Fund intends to enter into mortgage dollar rolls only with high quality securities dealers and banks as determined by the investment manager under board approved counterparty review procedures. Although rolls could add leverage to the Fund's portfolio, the Fund does not consider the purchase and/or sale of a mortgage dollar roll to be a borrowing for purposes of the Fund's fundamental restrictions or other limitations on borrowing.
U.S. Treasury rolls. In U.S. Treasury rolls, the Fund sells U.S. Treasury securities and buys back "when-issued" U.S. Treasury securities of slightly longer maturity for simultaneous settlement on the settlement date of the "when-issued" U.S. Treasury security. Two potential advantages of this strategy are (1) the Fund can regularly and incrementally adjust its weighted average maturity of its portfolio securities (which otherwise would constantly diminish with the passage of time); and (2) in a normal yield curve environment (in which shorter maturities yield less than longer maturities), a gain in yield to maturity can be obtained along with the desired extension.
During the period before the settlement date, the Fund continues to earn interest on the securities it is selling. It does not earn interest on the securities that it is purchasing until after the settlement date. The Fund could suffer an opportunity loss if the counterparty to the roll failed to perform its obligations on the settlement date, and if market conditions changed adversely. Funds generally enter into U.S. Treasury rolls only with government securities dealers recognized by the Federal Reserve Board or with member banks of the Federal Reserve System.
Municipal securities Municipal securities are issued by U.S. state and local governments and their agencies instrumentalities, authorities and political subdivisions, as well as by the District of Columbia and U.S. territories and possessions. The issuer pays a fixed, floating or variable rate of interest, and must repay the amount borrowed (the "principal") at maturity. Municipal securities are issued to raise money for a variety of public or private purposes, including financing state or local government, specific projects or public facilities.
Municipal securities generally are classified as general or revenue obligations. General obligations are secured by the issuer's pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue obligations are debt securities payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities, or a specific excise tax or other revenue source. As a result, an investment in revenue obligations is subject to greater risk of delay or non-payment if revenue does not accrue as expected or if other conditions are not met for reasons outside the control of the Fund. Conversely, if revenue accrues more quickly than anticipated, the Fund may receive payment before expected and have difficulty re-investing the proceeds on equally favorable terms.
The value of the municipal securities may be highly sensitive to events affecting the fiscal stability of the municipalities, agencies, authorities and other instrumentalities that issue securities. In particular, economic, legislative, regulatory or political developments affecting the ability of the issuers to pay interest or repay principal may significantly affect the value of the Fund's investments. These developments can include or arise from, for example, insolvency of an issuer, uncertainties related to the tax status of municipal securities, tax base erosion, state or federal constitutional limits on tax increases or other actions, budget deficits and other financial difficulties, or changes in the credit ratings assigned to municipal issuers. There will be a limited market for certain municipal securities, and the Fund could face illiquidity risks.
Build America Bonds. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 created Build America Bonds, which allowed state and local governments to issue taxable bonds in 2009 and 2010 for any purpose for which tax-exempt financing is generally available. The issuers receive a federal subsidy payment for a portion of their borrowing costs on these bonds equal to 35% of the total coupon interest paid to investors. Alternatively, the issuer may elect to pass a federal tax credit equal to 35% of the interest paid on the bond directly to the bondholder. The tax credits can generally be used to offset federal income taxes and the alternative minimum tax, but are not refundable. The Build America Bond program expired on December 31, 2010, at which point no further issuances were permitted, unless the program is renewed by Congress at a future date. As of the date of this SAI, the program has not been renewed and there is no indication that Congress will renew the program.
Pre-refunded bonds These are outstanding debt securities that are not immediately callable (redeemable) by the issuer but have been "pre-refunded" by the issuer. The issuer "pre-refunds" the bonds by setting aside in advance all or a portion of the amount to be paid to the bondholders when the bond is called. Generally, an issuer uses the proceeds from a new bond issue to buy high grade, interest bearing debt securities, including direct obligations of the U.S. government, which are then deposited in an irrevocable escrow account held by a trustee bank to secure all future payments of principal and interest on the pre-refunded bonds. Due to the substantial "collateral" held in escrow, pre-refunded bonds often are rated Aaa by Moody's or AAA by S&P, or some equivalent rating. Because pre-refunded bonds still bear the same interest rate as when they were originally issued and are of very high credit quality, their market value may increase. However, as the pre-refunded bond approaches its call or ultimate maturity date, the bond's market value will tend to fall to its call or par price.
Repurchase agreements Under a repurchase agreement, the Fund agrees to buy securities guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities from a qualified bank or broker-dealer and then to sell the securities back to the bank or broker-dealer on an agreed upon date (generally less than seven days) at a higher price, which reflects currently prevailing short-term interest rates. Entering into repurchase agreements allows the Fund to earn a return on cash in the Fund's portfolio that would otherwise remain un-invested. The bank or broker-dealer must transfer to the Fund's custodian, as collateral, securities with an initial market value of at least 102% of the dollar amount paid by the Fund to the counterparty. The investment manager will monitor the value of such collateral daily to determine that the value of the collateral equals or exceeds the repurchase price.
Repurchase agreements may involve risks in the event of default or insolvency of the bank or broker-dealer, including possible delays or restrictions upon the Fund's ability to sell the underlying securities and additional expenses in seeking to enforce the Fund's rights and recover any losses. The Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with parties who meet certain creditworthiness standards, i.e., banks or broker-dealers that the investment manager has determined, based on the information available at the time, present no serious risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the repurchase agreement. Although the Fund seeks to limit the credit risk under a repurchase agreement by carefully selecting counterparties and accepting only high quality collateral, some credit risk remains. The counterparty could default which may make it necessary for the Fund to incur expenses to liquidate the collateral. In addition, the collateral may decline in value before it can be liquidated by the Fund.
A repurchase agreement with more than seven days to maturity is considered an illiquid security and is subject to the Fund's investment restriction on illiquid securities.
Securities lending To generate additional income, the Fund may lend certain of its portfolio securities to qualified banks and broker-dealers (referred to as "borrowers"). In exchange, the Fund receives cash collateral from a borrower at least equal to the value of the security loaned by the Fund. Cash collateral typically consists of any combination of cash, securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities, and irrevocable letters of credit. The Fund may invest this cash collateral while the loan is outstanding and generally retains part or all of the interest earned on the cash collateral. Securities lending allows the Fund to retain ownership of the securities loaned and, at the same time, earn additional income.
For each loan, the borrower usually must maintain with the Fund's custodian collateral with an initial market value at least equal to 102% of the market value of the domestic securities loaned (or 105% of the market value of foreign securities loaned), including any accrued interest thereon. Such collateral will be marked-to-market daily, and if the coverage falls below 100%, the borrower will be required to deliver additional collateral equal to at least 102% of the market value of the domestic securities loaned (or 105% of the foreign securities loaned).
The Fund retains all or a portion of the interest received on investment of the cash collateral or receives a fee from the borrower. The Fund also continues to receive any distributions paid on the loaned securities. The Fund seeks to maintain the ability to obtain the right to vote or consent on proxy proposals involving material events affecting securities loaned. The Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned within the normal settlement period for the security involved.
If the borrower defaults on its obligation to return the securities loaned because of insolvency or other reasons, the Fund could experience delays and costs in recovering the securities loaned or in gaining access to the collateral. These delays and costs could be greater for foreign securities. If the Fund is not able to recover the securities loaned, the Fund may sell the collateral and purchase a replacement investment in the market. Additional transaction costs would result, and the value of the collateral could decrease below the value of the replacement investment by the time the replacement investment is purchased. Until the replacement can be purchased, the Fund will not have the desired level of exposure to the security which the borrower failed to return. Cash received as collateral through loan transactions may be invested in other eligible securities, including shares of a money market fund. Investing this cash subjects the Fund to greater market risk including losses on the collateral and, should the Fund need to look to the collateral in the event of the borrower's default, losses on the loan secured by that collateral.
The Fund will loan its securities only to parties who meet creditworthiness standards approved by the Fund's board of trustees (i.e., banks or broker-dealers that the investment manager has determined are not apparently at risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the loan). In addition, pursuant to the 1940 Act and SEC interpretations thereunder, the aggregate market value of securities that may be loaned by a fund is limited to 33 1/3% of the fund's total assets or such lower limit as set by the fund or its board.
Standby commitment agreements A standby commitment agreement is an agreement committing the Fund to buy a stated amount of a security, for a stated period of time, at the option of the issuer. The price and interest rate of the security is fixed at the time of the commitment. When the Fund enters into the agreement, the Fund is paid a commitment fee, which it keeps regardless of whether the security is ultimately issued, typically equal to approximately 0.5% of the aggregate purchase price of the security that the Fund has committed to buy.
The purchase of a security subject to a standby commitment agreement and the related commitment fee will be recorded on the date on which the security can reasonably be expected to be issued. In the event the security is not issued, the commitment fee will be recorded as income on the expiration date of the standby commitment. The Fund could be required to produce the full amount of the agreed upon purchase price at any time during the commitment period. As a result, the Fund will segregate assets. Standby commitment agreements may be deemed "illiquid" and therefore subject to the Fund's limitation on investment in illiquid securities.
There can be no assurance that the securities subject to a standby commitment will be issued, and the value of the securities, if issued, on the delivery date may be more or less than their purchase price. Because the issuance of the security underlying the commitment is at the option of the issuer, the Fund generally bears the risk of a decline in the value of the security and may not benefit from an appreciation in the value of the security during the commitment period. If an issuer's financial condition deteriorates between the time of the standby commitment and the date of issuance, these commitments may have the effect of requiring the Fund to make an investment in an issuer at a time when it would not otherwise have done so. This is the case even if the issuer's condition makes it unlikely that any amounts invested by the Fund pursuant to the standby commitment will ever be repaid. The Fund will only enter into standby commitment agreements with issuers which the investment manager believes will not deteriorate in creditworthiness during the commitment period. The Fund will experience credit risk associated with the issuer.
Stripped securities Stripped securities are debt securities that have been transformed from a principal amount with periodic interest coupons into a series of zero coupon bonds, each with a different maturity date corresponding to one of the payment dates for interest coupon payments or the redemption date for the principal amount. Stripped securities are subject to all the risks applicable to zero coupon bonds as well as certain additional risks.
Like zero coupon bonds, stripped securities do not provide for periodic payments of interest prior to maturity. Rather they are offered at a discount from their face amount that will be paid at maturity. This results in the security being subject to greater fluctuations in response to changing interest rates than interest-paying securities of similar maturities. Federal income taxes generally accrue on stripped securities each year although no cash income is received until maturity, and the Fund may be required to sell portfolio securities that it would otherwise continue to hold in order to obtain sufficient cash to make distributions to shareholders required for U.S. tax purposes.
The riskiness of an investment in stripped securities depends on the type involved. Some stripped securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Others receive an implied backing by the U.S. government as a sponsor or partner in the agency or entity issuing the stripped security. A few are secured with a guarantee from the financial institution or broker or dealer through which the stripped security is held. Others are supported only by the collateral, revenue stream or third party guarantee securing the underlying debt obligation from which zero coupon bonds were stripped. Stripped securities include: U.S. Treasury STRIPS, Stripped Government Securities, Stripped Obligations of the Financing Corporation (FICO STRIPS), Stripped Corporate Securities, and Stripped Eurodollar Obligations.
Stripped government securities are issued by the U.S. federal, state and local governments and their agencies and instrumentalities, and by "mixed-ownership government corporations." Stripped government securities vary widely in the terms, conditions and relative assurances of payment. The type of debt obligation from which the stripped government security was taken will indicate many of the risks associated with that investment. U.S. Treasury STRIPS and FICO Strips are types of stripped government securities.
U.S. Treasury STRIPS (Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities) are considered U.S. Treasury securities for purposes of the Fund's investment policies and are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Their risks are similar to those of other U.S. government securities, although their price may be more volatile. The U.S. Treasury has facilitated transfers of ownership of zero coupon securities by accounting separately for the beneficial ownership of particular interest coupon and principal payments on Treasury securities through the Federal Reserve book-entry record-keeping system.
FICO STRIPS represent interests in securities issued by the Financing Corporation (FICO). FICO was established to enable recapitalization of the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC) in the 1980's. FICO STRIPS are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government but are generally treated as U.S. government agency securities. The market for FICO STRIPS is substantially smaller and, therefore, less liquid and more volatile than the market for U.S. Treasury STRIPS. A higher yield is typically offered on FICO STRIPS to compensate investors for the greater illiquidity and additional risk that the U.S. government will not meet obligations on the FICO STRIPS if FICO defaults.
Temporary investments When the investment manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the investment manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in temporary defensive investments, including cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments, such as short-term debt instruments, including U.S. government securities, high grade commercial paper, repurchase agreements, negotiable certificates of deposit, non-negotiable fixed time deposits, bankers acceptances, and other money market equivalents. To the extent allowed by exemptions from and rules under the 1940 Act and the Fund's other investment policies and restrictions, the investment manager also may invest the Fund's assets in shares of one or more money market funds managed by the investment manager or its affiliates. Unfavorable market or economic conditions may include excessive volatility or a prolonged general decline in the securities markets, the securities in which the Fund normally invests, or the economies of the countries where the Fund invests. Temporary defensive investments can and do experience default. The likelihood of default on a temporary defensive investment may increase in the market or economic conditions which are likely to trigger the Fund's investment therein. The investment manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. When the Fund's assets are invested in temporary investments, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment goal.
Unrated debt securities Not all debt securities or their issuers are rated by rating agencies, sometimes due to the size of or manner of the securities offering, the decision by one or more rating agencies not to rate certain securities or issuers as a matter of policy, or the unwillingness or inability of the issuer to provide the prerequisite information and fee to the rating agencies. Some debt securities markets may have a disproportionately large number of unrated issuers.
In evaluating unrated securities, the investment manager may consider, among other things, the issuer's financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, its operating history, the quality of the issuer's management and regulatory matters. Although unrated debt securities may be considered to be of investment grade quality, issuers typically pay a higher interest rate on unrated than on investment grade rated debt securities. Less information is typically available to the market on unrated securities and obligors, which may increase the potential for credit and valuation risk.
U.S. government securities U.S. government securities include obligations of, or guaranteed by, the U.S. federal government, its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. Some U.S. government securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. These include U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA). A second category of U.S. government securities are those supported by the right of the agency, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise to borrow from the U.S. government to meet its obligations. These include securities issued by Federal Home Loan Banks.
A third category of U.S. government securities are those supported by only the credit of the issuing agency, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise. These include securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC). In the event of a default, an investor like the Fund would only have legal recourse to the issuer, not the U.S. government. Although the U.S. government has provided support for these securities in the past, there can be no assurance that it will do so in the future. The U.S. government has also made available additional guarantees for limited periods to stabilize or restore a market in the wake of an economic, political or natural crisis. Such guarantees, and the economic opportunities they present, are likely to be temporary and cannot be relied upon by the Fund.
Variable rate securities Variable rate securities are debt securities that provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate paid on the debt security. Floating rate securities, adjustable rate securities and inverse floating rate securities (referred to as "inverse floaters") are types of variable rate securities. An adjustable rate security is a debt security with an interest rate which is adjusted according to a formula that specifies the interval at which the rate will be reset and the interest rate index, benchmark or other mechanism upon which the reset rate is based. A floating rate debt security has a rate of interest which is usually established as the sum of a base lending rate (e.g., the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR), The U.S. Prime Rate, the Prime Rate of a designated U.S. bank or the certificate of deposit rate) plus a specified margin, such as every 30, 90 or 180 days. The interest rate on prime rate-based loans and securities floats periodically as the prime rate changes. The interest rate on LIBOR-based and CD-based loans and securities is reset periodically, typically at regular intervals ranging between 30 days and one year. Certain floating rate securities will permit the borrower to select an interest rate reset period of up to one year.
Some variable rate securities are structured with put features that permit holders to demand payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest from the issuers or certain financial intermediaries at or about the time the interest rate is reset. If the Fund purchases a variable rate security with a put feature and market movements make exercise of the put unattractive, the Fund will forfeit the entire amount of any premium paid plus related transaction costs.
Movements in the relevant index or benchmark on which adjustments are based will affect the interest paid on these securities and, therefore, the current income earned by the Fund and the securities' market value. The degree of volatility in the market value of the variable rate securities held by the Fund will generally increase along with the length of time between adjustments, the degree of volatility in the applicable index, benchmark or base lending rate and whether the index, benchmark or base lending rate to which it resets or floats approximates short-term or other prevailing interest rates. It will also be a function of the maximum increase or decrease of the interest rate adjustment on any one adjustment date, in any one year, and over the life of the security. These maximum increases and decreases are typically referred to as "caps" and "floors," respectively.
During periods when short-term interest rates move within the caps and floors of the security held by the Fund, the interest rate of such security will reset to prevailing rates within a short period. As a result, the fluctuation in market value of the variable rate security held by the Fund is generally expected to be limited.
In periods of substantial short-term volatility in interest rates, the market value of such debt securities will fluctuate more substantially if the caps and floors prevent the interest rates from adjusting to the full extent of the movements in the market rates during any one adjustment period or over the term of the security. In the event of dramatic increases in interest rates, any lifetime caps on these securities may prevent the securities from adjusting to prevailing rates over the term of the security. In this case, the market value of the security may be substantially reduced. If caps or floors lock-in unfavorable rates for the Fund by preventing its securities' interest rates from adjusting to market rates without substantial delay, the price of the Fund's securities will decline.
The income earned by the Fund and distributed to shareholders will generally increase or decrease along with movements in the relevant index, benchmark or base lending rate. Thus the Fund's income will be more unpredictable than the income earned on similar investments with a fixed rate of interest.
Inverse floaters Inverse floaters are variable rate debt securities with floating or variable interest rates that move in the opposite direction, usually at an accelerated speed, to short-term interest rates or a related benchmark or index. The prices of inverse floaters can be highly volatile as a result. When short-term interests rates rise, an inverse floater usually experiences a decline in both its price and rate of income. The result is that interest rate risk and volatility of inverse floaters is magnified, and valuation of inverse floaters will also be more difficult.
When-issued, delayed delivery and to-be-announced transactions When-issued, delayed delivery and to-be-announced (TBA) transactions are arrangements under which the Fund buys securities that have been authorized but not yet issued, with payment for and delivery of the security scheduled for a future time. To the extent the Fund engages in these transactions, it will do so only for the purpose of acquiring portfolio securities consistent with its investment goals and policies. Although the Fund will generally buy securities on a when-issued or TBA basis with the intention of holding the securities, the Fund may sell the securities before the settlement date if the investment manager believes it is advisable to do so.
Entering into a when-issued, delayed delivery or TBA transaction is a form of leverage and will result in associated risks for the Fund. To mitigate these risks, when the Fund enters into in this type of transaction, it will segregate assets.
The Fund also relies on the seller to complete the transaction. The seller's failure to do so may cause the Fund to miss a price or yield considered advantageous to the Fund. Securities purchased on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis do not generally earn interest until their scheduled delivery date. Purchases of debt securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis are also subject to the risk that the market value or the yield at delivery may be more or less than the market price or yield available when the transaction was entered into.
Zero coupon, deferred interest and pay-in-kind bonds Zero coupon or deferred interest bonds are debt securities that make no periodic interest payments until maturity or a specified date when the securities begin paying current interest (the "cash payment date"). Zero coupon and deferred interest bonds generally are issued and traded at a discount from their face amount or par value.
The original discount on zero coupon or deferred interest bonds approximates the total amount of interest the bonds will accumulate over the period until maturity or the first cash payment date and compounds at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. The discount varies depending on the time remaining until maturity or the cash payment date, as well as prevailing interest rates, liquidity of the market for the security, and the perceived credit quality of the issuer. The discount, in the absence of financial difficulties of the issuer, typically decreases as the final maturity or cash payment date approaches. The discount typically increases as interest rates rise, the market becomes less liquid or the creditworthiness of the issuer deteriorates.
Pay-in-kind bonds are debt securities that provide for interest payments to be made in a form other than cash, generally at the option of the issuer. Common forms include payment of additional bonds of the same issuer or an increase in principal underlying the pay-in-kind bonds. To the extent that no cash income will be paid for an extended period of time, pay-in-kind bonds resemble zero coupon or deferred interest bonds and are subject to similar influences and risks.
For accounting and federal tax purposes, holders of bonds issued at a discount, such as the Fund, are deemed to receive interest income over the life of the bonds even though the bonds do not pay out cash to their holders before maturity or the cash payment date. That income is distributable to Fund shareholders even though no cash is received by the Fund at the time of accrual, which may require the liquidation of other portfolio securities to satisfy the Fund's distribution obligations.
As a result, the Fund may be required to sell portfolio securities that it would otherwise continue to hold in order to obtain sufficient cash to make the distributions to shareholders required under U.S. tax law.
Because investors receive no cash prior to the maturity or cash payment date, an investment in debt securities issued at a discount generally has a greater potential for complete loss of principal and/or return than an investment in debt securities that make periodic interest payments. Such investments are more vulnerable to the creditworthiness of the issuer and any other parties upon which performance relies.
The following is a description of the general risks associated with the Fund's investing in debt securities:
Credit risk Debt securities are subject to the risk of an issuer's (or other party's) failure or inability to meet its obligations under the security. Multiple parties may have obligations under a debt security. An issuer or borrower may fail to pay principal and interest when due. A guarantor, insurer or credit support provider may fail to provide the agreed upon protection. A counterparty to a transaction may fail to perform its side of the bargain. An intermediary or agent interposed between the investor and other parties may fail to perform the terms of its service. Also, performance under a debt security may be linked to the obligations of other persons who may fail to meet their obligations. The credit risk associated with a debt security could increase to the extent that the Fund's ability to benefit fully from its investment in the security depends on the performance by multiple parties of their respective contractual or other obligations. The market value of a debt security is also affected by the market's perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer.
The Fund may incur substantial losses on debt securities that are inaccurately perceived to present a different amount of credit risk than they actually do by the market, the investment manager or the rating agencies. Credit risk is generally greater where less information is publicly available, where fewer covenants safeguard the investors' interests, where collateral may be impaired or inadequate, where little legal redress or regulatory protection is available, or where a party's ability to meet obligations is speculative.
Obligations under debt securities held by the Fund may never be satisfied or, if satisfied, only satisfied in part.
Some securities, such as those issued by the United States Treasury or that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, have minimal credit risks. Credit risk is a greater concern for high-yield debt securities and debt securities of issuers whose ability to pay interest and principal may be considered speculative. Debt securities are typically classified as investment grade-quality (medium to highest credit quality) or below investment grade-quality (commonly referred to as high-yield or junk bonds). Many individual debt securities are rated by a third party source, such as Moody's or S&P ® to help describe the creditworthiness of the issuer.
Debt securities ratings The investment manager performs its own independent investment analysis of securities being considered for the Fund's portfolio, which includes consideration of, among other things, the issuer's financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, its operating history, the quality of the issuer's management and regulatory matters. The investment manager also considers the ratings assigned by various investment services and independent rating organizations, such as Moody's and S&P, that publish ratings based upon their assessment of the relative creditworthiness of the rated debt securities. Generally, a lower rating indicates higher credit risk. Higher yields are ordinarily available from debt securities in the lower rating categories. These ratings are described at the end of this SAI under "Description of Ratings."
Using credit ratings to evaluate debt securities can involve certain risks. For example, ratings assigned by the rating agencies are based upon an analysis completed at the time of the rating of the obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal, typically relying to a large extent on historical data. Rating agencies typically rely to a large extent on historical data which may not accurately represent present or future circumstances. Ratings do not purport to reflect the risk of fluctuations in market value of the debt security and are not absolute standards of quality and only express the rating agency's current opinion of an obligor's overall financial capacity to pay its financial obligations. A credit rating is not a statement of fact or a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a debt obligation. Also, credit quality can change suddenly and unexpectedly, and credit ratings may not reflect the issuer's current financial condition or events since the security was last rated. Rating agencies may have a financial interest in generating business, including from the arranger or issuer of the security that normally pays for that rating, and providing a low rating might affect the rating agency's prospects for future business. While rating agencies have policies and procedures to address this potential conflict of interest, there is a risk that these policies will fail to prevent a conflict of interest from impacting the rating. Additionally, legislation has recently been enacted in an effort to reform rating agencies. Rules have also recently been adopted by the SEC to require rating agencies to provide additional disclosure and reduce conflicts of interest, and further reform has been proposed. It is uncertain how such legislation or additional regulation might impact the ratings agency business and the investment manager's use of ratings in its investment process.
Extension risk The market value of some debt securities, particularly mortgage securities and certain asset-backed securities, may be adversely affected when bond calls or prepayments on underlying mortgages or other assets are less or slower than anticipated. This risk is extension risk. Extension risk may result from, for example, rising interest rates or unexpected developments in the markets for the underlying assets or mortgages. As a consequence, the security's effective maturity will be extended, resulting in an increase in interest rate sensitivity to that of a longer-term instrument. Extension risk generally increases as interest rates rise. This is because, in a rising interest rate environment, the rate of prepayment and exercise of call or buy-back rights generally falls and the rate of default and delayed payment generally rises. When the maturity of an investment is extended in a rising interest rate environment, a below-market interest rate is usually locked-in and the value of the security reduced. This risk is greater for fixed-rate than variable-rate debt securities.
Income risk The Fund is subject to income risk, which is the risk that the Fund's income will decline during periods of falling interest rates or when the Fund experiences defaults on debt securities it holds. The Fund's income declines when interest rates fall because, as the Fund's higher-yielding debt securities mature or are prepaid, the Fund must re-invest the proceeds in debt securities that have lower, prevailing interest rates. The amount and rate of distributions that the Fund's shareholders receive are affected by the income that the Fund receives from its portfolio holdings. If the income is reduced, distributions by the Fund to shareholders may be less.
Fluctuations in income paid to the Fund are generally greater for variable rate debt securities. The Fund will be deemed to receive taxable income on certain securities which pay no cash payments until maturity, such as zero-coupon securities. The Fund may be required to sell portfolio securities that it would otherwise continue to hold in order to obtain sufficient cash to make the distribution to shareholders required for U.S. tax purposes.
Inflation risk The market price of debt securities generally falls as inflation increases because the purchasing power of the future income and repaid principal is expected to be worth less when received by the Fund. Debt securities that pay a fixed rather than variable interest rate are especially vulnerable to inflation risk because variable-rate debt securities may be able to participate, over the long term, in rising interest rates which have historically corresponded with long-term inflationary trends.
Interest rate risk The market value of debt securities generally varies in response to changes in prevailing interest rates. Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable. During periods of declining interest rates, the market value of debt securities generally increases. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the market value of debt securities generally declines. This occurs because new debt securities are likely to be issued with higher interest rates as interest rates increase, making the old or outstanding debt securities less attractive. In general, the market prices of long-term debt securities or securities that make little (or no) interest payments are more sensitive to interest rate fluctuations than shorter-term debt securities. The longer the Fund's average weighted portfolio maturity, the greater the impact a change in interest rates will have on its share price.
Prepayment risk Debt securities, especially bonds that are subject to "calls," such as asset-backed or mortgage-backed securities, are subject to prepayment risk if their terms allow the payment of principal and other amounts due before their stated maturity. Amounts invested in a debt security that has been "called" or "prepaid" will be returned to an investor holding that security before expected by the investor. In such circumstances, the investor, such as a fund, may be required to re-invest the proceeds it receives from the called or prepaid security in a new security which, in periods of declining interest rates, will typically have a lower interest rate. Prepayment risk is especially prevalent in periods of declining interest rates and will result for other reasons, including unexpected developments in the markets for the underlying assets or mortgages. For example, a decline in mortgage interest rates typically initiates a period of mortgage refinancings. When homeowners refinance their mortgages, the investor in the underlying pool of mortgage-backed securities (such as a fund) receives its principal back sooner than expected, and must reinvest at lower, prevailing rates.
Securities subject to prepayment risk are often called during a declining interest rate environment and generally offer less potential for gains and greater price volatility than other income-bearing securities of comparable maturity.
Call risk is similar to prepayment risk and results from the ability of an issuer to call, or prepay, a debt security early. If interest rates decline enough, the debt security's issuer can save money by repaying its callable debt securities and issuing new debt securities at lower interest rates.
The following is a description of other risks associated with the Fund's investments:
Focus The greater the Fund's exposure to (or focus on) any single type of investment including investment in a given industry, sector, country, region, or type of security the greater the impact the performance of that investment will have on the Fund's performance. To the extent the Fund has greater exposure to any single type of investment, the Fund's potential for loss (or gain) will be greater than if its portfolio were invested more broadly in many types of investments.
The Fund's exposure to such industries, sectors, regions and other investments may also arise indirectly through the Fund's investments in debt securities (e.g. mortgage or asset-backed securities) that are secured by such investments. Similar risks associated with focusing on a particular type of investment may result if real properties and collateral securing the Fund's investments are located in the same geographical region or subject to the same risks or concerns.
Inside information risk The investment manager (through its representatives or otherwise) may receive information that restricts the investment manager's ability to cause the Fund to buy or sell securities of an issuer for substantial periods of time when the Fund otherwise could realize profit or avoid loss. This may adversely affect the Fund's flexibility with respect to buying or selling securities.
Liquidity Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are or become difficult to purchase or sell at the price at which the Fund has valued the security, whether because of current market conditions or the specific type of investment. If the market for a particular security becomes illiquid (for example, due to changes in the issuer's financial condition), the Fund may be unable to sell such security at an advantageous time or price due to the difficulty in selling such securities. Additionally, the market for certain debt securities may become illiquid under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer. Liquidity risk generally increases (meaning that securities become more illiquid) as the number, or relative need, of investors seeking to liquidate in a given market increases.
The Fund may also need to sell some of the Fund's more liquid securities when it otherwise would not do so in order to meet redemption requests, even if such sale of the liquid holdings would be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint. Reduced liquidity may also have an adverse impact on a security's market value and the sale of such securities often results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses. Reduced liquidity in the secondary market for certain securities will also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain market quotations based on actual trades for purposes of valuing the Fund's portfolio and thus pricing may be prone to error when market quotations are volatile, infrequent and/or subject to large spreads between bid and ask prices.
To the extent that the Fund's principal investment strategies involve foreign (non-U.S.) securities or securities with a thin trading market, the Fund will tend to have greater exposure to liquidity risk.
Management The investment manager's judgments about markets, interest rates or the attractiveness, relative values or potential appreciation of particular investment strategies or sectors or securities purchased for the Fund's portfolio may prove to be incorrect, all of which could cause the Fund to perform less favorably and may result in a decline in the Fund's share price.
The investment manager selects investments for the Fund based in part on information and data that the issuers of such securities file with various government agencies or make directly available to the investment manager or that the investment manager obtains from other sources. The investment manager is not in a position to confirm the completeness, genuineness or accuracy of such information and data, and in some cases, complete and accurate information is not readily available. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the investment techniques available to the investment manager in connection with managing the Fund and may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment goal. Management risk is greater when less qualitative information is available to the investment manager about an investment.
Market risk The market value of securities owned by the Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a single corporate borrower or security issuer. These general market conditions include real or perceived adverse economic or regulatory conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency exchange rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. Market values may also decline due to factors which affect a particular industry or sector, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry, or a particular segment, such as mortgage or government securities. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value simultaneously. When markets perform well, there can be no assurance that the Fund's securities will participate in or otherwise benefit from the advance.
Portfolio turnover Portfolio turnover is a measure of how frequently the Fund's portfolio securities are bought and sold. High portfolio turnover rates generally increase transaction costs, which are Fund expenses. Such portfolio transactions may also result in the realization of taxable capital gains, including short-term capital gains, which are generally taxable at ordinary income tax rates for federal income tax purposes for shareholders subject to income tax and who hold their shares in a taxable account. Higher transaction costs reduce the Fund's returns.
The SEC requires annual portfolio turnover to be calculated generally as the lesser of a fund's purchases or sales of portfolio securities during a given fiscal year, divided by the monthly average value of the Fund's portfolio securities owned during that year (excluding securities with a maturity or expiration date that, at the time of acquisition, was less than one year). For example, a fund reporting a 100% portfolio turnover rate would have purchased and sold securities worth as much as the monthly average value of its portfolio securities during the year. The portfolio turnover rates for the Fund are disclosed in the sections entitled "Portfolio Turnover" and "Financial Highlights" of the Fund's prospectus.
Portfolio turnover is affected by factors within and outside the control of the Fund and its investment manager. The investment manager's investment outlook for the type of securities in which the Fund invests may change as a result of unexpected developments in domestic or international securities markets, or in economic, monetary or political relationships. High market volatility may result in the investment manager using a more active trading strategy than it might have otherwise pursued. The Fund's investment manager will consider the economic effects of portfolio turnover but generally will not treat portfolio turnover as a limiting factor in making investment decisions. Investment decisions affecting turnover may include changes in investment policies or management personnel, as well as individual portfolio transactions.
Factors wholly outside the control of the investment manager that may increase portfolio turnover include increased merger and acquisition activity, or increased rates of bankruptcy or default, that may create involuntary transactions for funds that hold affected securities.
During periods of rapidly declining interest rates, the rate of mortgage prepayments on certain asset-backed and mortgage securities may increase rapidly. When this happens, "sales" of portfolio securities are increased due to the return of principal to the Fund followed by purchases of new portfolio securities to replace the "sold" ones.
The rate of bond calls by issuers of fixed-income debt securities may increase as interest rates decline. This causes "sales" of called bonds by the Fund and the subsequent purchase of replacement investments.
In addition, redemptions or exchanges by investors may require the liquidation of portfolio securities. Changes in particular portfolio holdings may also be made whenever a security is considered to be no longer the most appropriate investment for the Fund, or another security appears to have a relatively better opportunity.
Policies and Procedures Regarding the Release of Portfolio Holdings
The Fund's overall policy with respect to the release of portfolio holdings is to release such information consistent with applicable legal requirements and the fiduciary duties owed to shareholders. Subject to the limited exceptions described below, the Fund will not make available to anyone non-public information with respect to its portfolio holdings, until such time as the information is made available to all shareholders or the general public.
For purposes of this policy, portfolio holdings information does not include aggregate, composite or descriptive information that does not present risks of dilution, arbitrage, market timing, insider trading or other inappropriate trading for the Fund. Information excluded from the definition of portfolio holdings information generally includes, without limitation: (1) descriptions of allocations among asset classes, regions, countries or industries/sectors; (2) aggregated data such as average or median ratios, market capitalization, credit quality or duration; (3) performance attributions by industry, sector or country; or (4) aggregated risk statistics. Such information, if made available to anyone, will be made available to any person upon request, but, because such information is generally not material to investors, it may or may not be posted on the Fund's website. In addition, other information may also be deemed to not be portfolio holdings information if, in the reasonable belief of the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer (or his/her designee), the release of such information would not present risks of dilution, arbitrage, market timing, insider trading or other inappropriate trading for the Fund.
Consistent with current law, the Fund releases complete portfolio holdings information each fiscal quarter through regulatory filings with no more than a 60-day lag.
In addition, a complete list of the Fund's portfolio holdings is generally released no sooner than 20 calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter. Commentaries and other materials that may reference specific holdings information of the Fund as of the most recent calendar quarter end are also subject to the same 20-day lag requirement. Other descriptive information, such as the Fund's top 10 holdings, may be released monthly, no sooner than five days after the end of each month. Released portfolio holdings information can be viewed on franklintempleton.com.
To the extent that this policy would permit the release of portfolio holdings information regarding a particular portfolio holding for the Fund that is the subject of ongoing purchase or sale orders/programs, or if the release of such portfolio holdings information would otherwise be sensitive or inappropriate, the portfolio manager for the Fund may request that the release of such information be withheld.
Exceptions to the portfolio holdings release policy will be made only when: (1) the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for releasing portfolio holdings information in advance of release to all shareholders or the general public; (2) the recipient is subject to a duty of confidentiality pursuant to a signed non-disclosure agreement; and (3) the release of such information would not otherwise violate the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws or fiduciary duties owed to Fund shareholders. The determination of whether to grant an exception, which includes the determination of whether the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for releasing portfolio holdings information in advance of release to all shareholders or the general public shall be made by the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee, following a request submitted in writing.
The eligible third parties to whom portfolio holdings information may be released in advance of general release fall into the following categories: data consolidators (including rating agencies), fund rating/ranking services and other data providers, service providers to the Fund, and municipal securities brokers using the Investor Tools product which brings together buyers and sellers of municipal securities in the normal operation of the municipal securities markets. In addition, should the Fund process a shareholders redemption request in-kind, the Fund may, under certain circumstances, provide portfolio holdings information to such shareholder to the extent necessary to allow the shareholder to prepare for receipt of such portfolio securities.
The specific entities to whom the Fund may provide portfolio holdings in advance of their release to the general public are:
In all cases, eligible third parties are required to execute a non-disclosure agreement. Non-disclosure agreements include the following provisions:
In no case does the Fund receive any compensation in connection with the arrangements to release portfolio holdings information to any of the above-described recipients of the information.
Several investment managers within Franklin Templeton Investments (F-T Managers) serve as investment managers to offshore funds that are registered or otherwise authorized for sale with foreign regulatory authorities. The release of portfolio holdings information for such offshore funds is excluded from the Fund's portfolio holdings release policy if such information is given to offshore banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies, registered investment managers and other financial institutions (offshore investment managers) with discretionary authority to select offshore funds on behalf of their clients. Because such offshore funds may from time to time invest in securities substantially similar to those of the Fund, there is the risk that such portfolio holdings information may be used to trade inappropriately against the Fund. To mitigate such risks, such information may only be disclosed for portfolio analytics, such as risk analysis/asset allocation, and the offshore investment manager will be required to execute a non-disclosure agreement, whereby such offshore investment manager: (1) agrees to maintain such information as confidential, including limiting the dissemination of such information, (2) is prohibited from trading on the information received, including (a) purchasing or selling any portfolio securities based on any information received; (b) trading against any U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund, including the Fund; (c) knowingly engaging in any trading practices that are adverse to any such fund; and (d) trading in shares of any such fund that is substantially similar to the offshore fund, and (3) agrees to refresh its representation as to confidentiality and abstention from trading upon request from Franklin Templeton. In addition, an offshore fund may release information regarding the top contributors and detractors to such funds portfolio performance monthly to those recipients who have executed a non-disclosure agreement containing the provisions described above, or who have confirmed electronically its agreement to such provisions. Country-specific offshore funds that are not, in the aggregate, substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund, are not subject to the restrictions imposed by the policy.
Certain F-T Managers serve as investment advisers to privately placed funds that are exempt from registration, including Canadian institutional pooled funds and commingled trusts maintained by a Franklin Templeton trust company. In certain circumstances, such unregistered private funds may have portfolio holdings that are not, in the aggregate, substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered fund, as determined by the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee. Under such circumstances the release of portfolio holdings information to a client or potential client of the unregistered private fund may be permissible. In circumstances where an unregistered private fund invests in portfolio securities that, in the aggregate, are substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered fund, such private funds are subject to the restrictions imposed by the policy, except that the release of holdings information to a current investor in the private fund is permissible conditioned upon such investors execution of a non-disclosure agreement to mitigate the risk that portfolio holdings information may be used to trade inappropriately against a fund. Such non-disclosure agreement must provide that the investor: (1) agrees to maintain such information as confidential, including limiting the dissemination of such information (except that the investor may be permitted to disseminate such information to an agent as necessary to allow the performance of portfolio analytics with respect to the investors investment in the private fund), and (2) is prohibited from trading on the information received, including (a) trading against any U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund, including the Fund; (b) knowingly engaging in any trading practices that are adverse to any such fund; and (c) trading in shares of any U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund that is managed in a style substantially similar to that of the private fund.
Some F-T Managers serve as sub-advisers to other mutual funds not within the Franklin Templeton Investments fund complex ("other funds"), which may be managed in a style substantially similar to that of a U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund. Such other funds are not subject to the Fund's portfolio holdings release policy. The sponsors of such funds may disclose the portfolio holdings of such funds at different times than the Fund discloses its portfolio holdings.
In addition, some F-T Managers also serve as investment managers to separate accounts, which are subject to the Funds policy with respect to the release of the separate accounts holdings to consultants and potential clients. Separate accounts that are not, in the aggregate, substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund, however, are not subject to the restrictions imposed by the policy.
The Fund's portfolio holdings release policy and all subsequent amendments have been reviewed and approved by the Fund's board, and any other material amendments shall also be reviewed and approved by the board. The investment manager's compliance staff conducts periodic reviews of compliance with the policy and provides at least annually a report to the board regarding the operation of the policy and any material changes recommended as a result of such review. The investment manager's compliance staff also will supply the board yearly with a list of exceptions granted to the policy, along with an explanation of the legitimate business purpose of the Fund that is served as a result of the exception.
Franklin Strategic Series (Trust) has a board of trustees. Each trustee will serve until that person resigns and/or a successor is elected and qualified. The board is responsible for the overall management of the Trust, including general supervision and review of the Fund's investment activities. The board, in turn, elects the officers of the Trust who are responsible for administering the Fund's day-to-day operations. The board also monitors the Fund to ensure that no material conflicts exist among share classes. While none are expected, the board will act appropriately to resolve any material conflict that may arise.
The name, year of birth and address of the officers and board members, as well as their affiliations, positions held with the Trust, principal occupations during the past five years and number of portfolios overseen in the Franklin Templeton fund complex are shown below.
1. We base the number of portfolios on each separate series of the U.S. registered investment companies within the Franklin Templeton Investments fund complex. These portfolios have a common investment manager or affiliated investment managers.
2. Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are considered to be interested persons of the Fund under the federal securities laws due to their positions as officers and directors and major shareholders of Franklin Resources, Inc., which is the parent company of the Fund's investment manager and distributor.
The Trust's independent board members constitute the sole independent board members of 27 investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Investments complex for which each independent board member currently is paid a $232,000 annual retainer fee, together with a $7,000 per meeting fee for attendance at regularly scheduled board meetings, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. To the extent held, compensation may also be paid for attendance at specially held board meetings. The Trust's lead independent trustee is paid an annual supplemental retainer of $25,000 for services to such investment companies, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. Board members who serve on the Audit Committee of the Trust and such other funds receive a flat fee of $3,000 per Committee meeting attended in person and $2,000 per telephonic meeting, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. John B. Wilson, who serves as chairman of the Audit Committee of the Trust and such other funds receives an additional fee of $40,000 per year, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. Members of the Committee are not separately compensated for any committee meeting held on the day of a regularly scheduled board meeting. The following table provides the total fees paid to independent board members by the Trust and by other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments.
Name |
Total Fees
Received from the Trust ($) 1 |
Total Fees
Received from Franklin Templeton Investments ($) 2 |
Number
of Boards in Franklin Templeton Investments on which Each Serves 3 |
Harris J. Ashton | 26,439 | 470,000 | 41 |
Sam Ginn | 26,439 | 288,000 | 27 |
Edith E. Holiday | 27,886 | 505,000 | 41 |
J. Michael Luttig | 27,885 | 492,000 | 41 |
Frank A. Olson | 27,885 | 492,000 | 41 |
Larry D. Thompson | 26,439 | 589,000 | 43 |
John B. Wilson | 31,762 | 375,000 | 27 |
1. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011.
2. For the calendar year ended December 31, 2010.
3. We base the number of boards on the number of U.S. registered investment companies in Franklin Templeton Investments. This number does not include the total number of series or portfolios within each investment company for which the board members are responsible.
Independent board members are reimbursed for expenses incurred in connection with attending board meetings and are paid pro rata by each fund in Franklin Templeton Investments for which they serve as director or trustee. No officer or board member received any other compensation, including pension or retirement benefits, directly or indirectly from the Trust or other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments. Certain officers or board members who are shareholders of Franklin Resources, Inc. (Resources) may be deemed to receive indirect remuneration by virtue of their participation, if any, in the fees paid to its subsidiaries.
Board members historically have followed a policy of having substantial investments in one or more of the Franklin Templeton funds, as is consistent with their individual financial goals. In February 1998, this policy was formalized through the adoption of a requirement that each board member invest one-third of fees received for serving as a director or trustee of a Templeton fund (excluding committee fees) in shares of one or more Templeton funds and one-third of fees received for serving as a director or trustee of a Franklin fund (excluding committee fees) in shares of one or more Franklin funds until the value of such investments equals or exceeds five times the annual retainer and regular board meeting fees paid to such board member. Investments in the name of family members or entities controlled by a board member constitute fund holdings of such board member for purposes of this policy, and a three-year phase-in period applies to such investment requirements for newly elected board members. In implementing such policy, a board member's fund holdings existing on February 27, 1998, are valued as of such date with subsequent investments valued at cost.
The following tables provide the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the board members of the Fund on December 31, 2010.
Independent Board Members
Name of
Board Member |
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Funds Overseen by the Board Member in the Franklin Templeton Fund Complex |
Harris J. Ashton | None | Over $100,000 |
Sam Ginn | Over $100,000 | Over $100,000 |
Edith E. Holiday | None | Over $100,000 |
J. Michael Luttig | None | Over $100,000 |
Frank A. Olson | None | Over $100,000 |
Larry D. Thompson | None | Over $100,000 |
John B. Wilson | None | Over $100,000 |
Interested Board Members
Name of
Board Member |
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Funds Overseen by the Board Member in the Franklin Templeton Fund Complex |
Charles B. Johnson | None | Over $100,000 |
Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. | None | Over $100,000 |
Board committees The board maintains two standing committees: the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee. The Audit Committee is generally responsible for recommending the selection of the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm (auditors), including evaluating their independence and meeting with such auditors to consider and review matters relating to the Trust's financial reports and internal controls. The Audit Committee is comprised of the following independent trustees of the Trust: Edith E. Holiday, J. Michael Luttig, Frank A. Olson and John B. Wilson. The Nominating Committee is comprised of the following independent trustees of the Trust: Harris J. Ashton, Sam Ginn, Edith E. Holiday, J. Michael Luttig, Frank A. Olson, Larry D. Thompson and John B. Wilson.
The Nominating Committee is responsible for selecting candidates to serve as board members and recommending such candidates (a) for selection and nomination as independent board members by the incumbent independent board member and the full board; and (b) for selection and nomination as interested board members by the full board.
When the board has or expects to have a vacancy, the Nominating Committee receives and reviews information on individuals qualified to be recommended to the full board as nominees for election as board members, including any recommendations by Qualifying Fund Shareholders (as defined below). To date, the Nominating Committee has been able to identify, and expects to continue to be able to identify, from its own resources an ample number of qualified candidates. The Nominating Committee, however, will review recommendations from Qualifying Fund Shareholders to fill vacancies on the board if these recommendations are submitted in writing and addressed to the Nominating Committee at the Trust's offices at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151 and are presented with appropriate background material concerning the candidate that demonstrates his or her ability to serve as a board member, including as an independent board member, of the Trust. A Qualifying Fund Shareholder is a shareholder who (i) has continuously owned of record, or beneficially through a financial intermediary, shares of the Fund having a net asset value of not less than two hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($250,000) during the 24-month period prior to submitting the recommendation; and (ii) provides a written notice to the Nominating Committee containing the following information: (a) the name and address of the Qualifying Fund Shareholder making the recommendation; (b) the number of shares of the Fund which are owned of record and beneficially by such Qualifying Fund Shareholder and the length of time that such shares have been so owned by the Qualifying Fund Shareholder; (c) a description of all arrangements and understandings between such Qualifying Fund Shareholder and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the recommendation is being made; (d) the name, age, date of birth, business address and residence address of the person or persons being recommended; (e) such other information regarding each person recommended by such Qualifying Fund Shareholder as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the SEC had the nominee been nominated by the board; (f) whether the shareholder making the recommendation believes the person recommended would or would not be an interested person of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act; and (g) the written consent of each person recommended to serve as a board member of the Trust if so nominated and elected/appointed.
The Nominating Committee may amend these procedures from time to time, including the procedures relating to the evaluation of nominees and the process for submitting recommendations to the Nominating Committee.
During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, the Audit Committee met three times; the Nominating Committee met twice.
Board role in risk oversight The board, as a whole, considers risk management issues as part of its general oversight responsibilities throughout the year at regular board meetings, through regular reports that have been developed by management, in consultation with the board and its counsel. These reports address certain investment, valuation and compliance matters. The board also may receive special written reports or presentations on a variety of risk issues, either upon the boards request or upon the investment managers initiative. In addition, the Audit Committee of the board meets regularly with the investment managers internal audit group to review reports on their examinations of functions and processes within Franklin Templeton Investments that affect the Fund.
With respect to investment risk, the board receives regular written reports describing and analyzing the investment performance of the Fund. In addition, the portfolio managers of the Fund meet regularly with the boards to discuss portfolio performance, including investment risk. To the extent that the Fund changes a particular investment strategy that could have a material impact on the Funds risk profile, the board generally is consulted with respect to such change. To the extent that the Fund invests in certain complex securities, including derivatives, the board receives periodic reports containing information about exposure of the Fund to such instruments. In addition, the investment managers investment risk personnel meet regularly with the board to discuss a variety of issues, including the impact on the Fund of the investment in particular securities or instruments, such as derivatives.
With respect to valuation, the Funds administrator provides regular written reports to the board that enable the board to monitor the number of fair valued securities in a particular portfolio, the reasons for the fair valuation and the methodology used to arrive at the fair value. Such reports also include information concerning illiquid securities within the Funds portfolio. The board also reviews dispositional analysis information on the sale of securities that require special valuation considerations such as illiquid or fair valued securities. In addition, the Funds Audit Committee reviews valuation procedures and results with the Funds auditors in connection with such Committees review of the results of the audit of the Funds year end financial statement.
With respect to compliance risks, the board receives regular compliance reports prepared by the investment managers compliance group and meets regularly with the Funds Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) to discuss compliance issues, including compliance risks. In accordance with SEC requirements, the independent trustees meet regularly in executive session with the CCO, and the Funds CCO prepares and presents an annual written compliance report to the board. The Funds board adopts compliance policies and procedures for the Fund and approves such procedures for the Funds service providers. The compliance policies and procedures are specifically designed to detect and prevent violations of the federal securities laws.
The investment manager periodically provides an enterprise risk management presentation to the board to describe the way in which risk is managed on a complex-wide level. Such presentation covers such areas as investment risk, reputational risk, personnel risk, and business continuity risk.
Board structure Seventy-five percent or more of board members consist of independent trustees who are not deemed to be interested persons by reason of their relationship with the Funds management or otherwise as provided under the Investment Company Act of 1940. While the Chairman of the Board is an interested person, the board is also served by a lead independent trustee. The lead independent trustee, together with independent counsel, reviews proposed agendas for board meetings and generally acts as a liaison with management with respect to questions and issues raised by the independent trustees. The lead independent trustee also presides at separate meetings of independent trustees held in advance of each scheduled board meeting where various matters, including those being considered at such board meeting are discussed. It is believed such structure and activities assure that proper consideration is given at board meetings to matters deemed important to the Fund and its shareholders.
Trustee qualifications Information on the Funds officers and trustees appears above including information on the business activities of trustees during the past five years and beyond. In addition to personal qualities, such as integrity, the role of an effective Fund trustee inherently requires the ability to comprehend, discuss and critically analyze materials and issues presented in exercising judgments and reaching informed conclusions relevant to his or her duties and fiduciary obligations. It is believed that the specific background of each trustee evidences such ability and is appropriate to his or her serving on the Funds board of trustees. As indicated, Harris J. Ashton, Frank A. Olson and Sam Ginn have each served as chief executive officers of New York Stock Exchange listed public corporations; Larry D. Thompson and Edith E. Holiday, have legal backgrounds, including high level legal positions with departments of the U.S. government; John Wilson has served as chief operating officer of a New York Stock Exchange listed public corporation, as well as chief financial officer of a NASDAQ listed public corporation; J. Michael Luttig has fifteen years of judicial experience as a Federal Appeals Court Judge; and Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson are both high ranking executive officers of Franklin Templeton Investments.
The Fund's board of trustees has delegated to the investment manager the task of ensuring that regulatory guidelines governing the fair valuation for securities are applied to the Fund and that the required level of liquidity is maintained. The investment manager has formed a Valuation & Liquidity Oversight Committee (VLOC) to oversee these obligations. The VLOC oversees and administers the policies and procedures governing fair valuation and liquidity determination of securities. The VLOC meets monthly to review and approve fair value and liquidity reports and conduct other business, and meets whenever necessary to review potential significant market events and take appropriate steps to adjust valuations in accordance with established policies. The VLOC provides regular reports that document its activities to the board of trustees for its review and approval of pricing determinations at scheduled meetings. VLOC meeting minutes are regularly submitted to the board of trustees for their review.
The Fund's policies and procedures governing fair valuation and liquidity determination of securities have been initially reviewed and approved by the board of trustees and any material amendments will also be reviewed and approved by the board. The investment manager's compliance staff conducts periodic reviews of compliance with the policies and provides at least annually a report to the board of trustees regarding the operation of the policies and any material changes recommended as a result of such review.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The board of trustees of the Fund has delegated the authority to vote proxies related to the portfolio securities held by the Fund to the Fund's investment manager Franklin Advisers, Inc. in accordance with the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (Policies) adopted by the investment manager.
The investment manager has delegated its administrative duties with respect to the voting of proxies to the Proxy Group within Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC (Proxy Group), an affiliate and wholly owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. All proxies received by the Proxy Group will be voted based upon the investment managers instructions and/or policies. The investment manager votes proxies solely in the interests of the Fund and its shareholders.
To assist it in analyzing proxies, the investment manager subscribes to RiskMetrics Group (RiskMetrics), an unaffiliated third-party corporate governance research service that provides in-depth analyses of shareholder meeting agendas, vote recommendations, recordkeeping and vote disclosure services. In addition, the investment manager subscribes to Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC (Glass Lewis), an unaffiliated third-party analytical research firm, to receive analyses and vote recommendations on the shareholder meetings of publicly held U.S. companies. Although RiskMetrics and/or Glass Lewis analyses are thoroughly reviewed and considered in making a final voting decision, the investment manager does not consider recommendations from RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or any other third party to be determinative of the investment managers ultimate decision. As a matter of policy, the officers, directors/trustees and employees of the investment manager and the Proxy Group will not be influenced by outside sources whose interests conflict with the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Efforts are made to resolve all conflicts in the interests of the investment managers clients. Material conflicts of interest are identified by the Proxy Group based upon analyses of client, distributor, broker-dealer and vendor lists, information periodically gathered from directors and officers, and information derived from other sources, including public filings. In situations where a material conflict of interest is identified, the Proxy Group may defer to the voting recommendation of RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or those of another independent third-party provider of proxy services; or send the proxy directly to the Fund with the investment manager's recommendation regarding the vote for approval. If the conflict is not resolved by the Fund, the Proxy Group may refer the matter, along with the recommended course of action by the investment manager, if any, to an interdepartmental Proxy Review Committee (which may include portfolio managers and/or research analysts employed by the investment manager), for evaluation and voting instructions. The Proxy Review Committee may defer to the voting recommendation of RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or those of another independent third-party provider of proxy services; or send the proxy directly to the Fund. Where the Proxy Group or the Proxy Review Committee refers a matter to the Fund, it may rely upon the instructions of a representative of the Fund, such as the board or a committee of the board.
Where a material conflict of interest has been identified, but the items on which the investment managers vote recommendations differ from Glass Lewis, RiskMetrics, or another independent third-party provider of proxy services relate specifically to (1) shareholder proposals regarding social or environmental issues or political contributions, (2) Other Business without describing the matters that might be considered, or (3) items the investment manager wishes to vote in opposition to the recommendations of an issuers management, the Proxy Group may defer to the vote recommendations of the investment manager rather than sending the proxy directly to the Fund for approval.
To avoid certain potential conflicts of interest, the investment manager will employ echo voting, if possible, in the following instances: (1) when the Fund invests in an underlying fund in reliance on any one of Sections 12(d) (1) (E), (F), or (G) of the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, or pursuant to any SEC exemptive orders thereunder; (2) when the Fund invests uninvested cash in affiliated money market funds pursuant to the rules under the 1940 Act or any exemptive orders thereunder (cash sweep arrangement); or (3) when required pursuant to the Funds governing documents or applicable law. Echo voting means that the investment manager will vote the shares in the same proportion as the vote of all of the other holders of the Funds shares.
The recommendation of management on any issue is a factor that the investment manager considers in determining how proxies should be voted. However, the investment manager does not consider recommendations from management to be determinative of the investment managers ultimate decision. As a matter of practice, the votes with respect to most issues are cast in accordance with the position of the company's management. Each issue, however, is considered on its own merits, and the investment manager will not support the position of the company's management in any situation where it deems that the ratification of managements position would adversely affect the investment merits of owning that companys shares.
Investment managers proxy voting policies and principles The investment manager has adopted general proxy voting guidelines, which are summarized below. These guidelines are not an exhaustive list of all the issues that may arise and the investment manager cannot anticipate all future situations. In all cases, each proxy will be considered based on the relevant facts and circumstances.
Board of directors. The investment manager supports an independent board of directors, and prefers that key committees such as audit, nominating, and compensation committees be comprised of independent directors. The investment manager will generally vote against management efforts to classify a board and will generally support proposals to declassify the board of directors. The investment manager will consider withholding votes from directors who have attended less than 75% of meetings without a valid reason. While generally in favor of separating Chairman and CEO positions, the investment manager will review this issue as well as proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration factors such as the companys corporate governance guidelines or provisions and performance.
Ratification of auditors of portfolio companies. The investment manager will closely scrutinize the role and performance of auditors. On a case-by-case basis, the investment manager will examine proposals relating to non-audit relationships and non-audit fees. The investment manager will also consider, on a case-by-case basis, proposals to rotate auditors, and will vote against the ratification of auditors when there is clear and compelling evidence of accounting irregularities or negligence.
Management and director compensation. A companys equity-based compensation plan should be in alignment with the shareholders long-term interests. The investment manager believes that executive compensation should be directly linked to the performance of the company. The investment manager evaluates plans on a case-by-case basis by considering several factors to determine whether the plan is fair and reasonable, including the RiskMetrics quantitative model utilized to assess such plans and/or the Glass Lewis evaluation of the plans. The investment manager will generally oppose plans that have the potential to be excessively dilutive, and will almost always oppose plans that are structured to allow the repricing of underwater options, or plans that have an automatic share replenishment evergreen feature. The investment manager will generally support employee stock option plans in which the purchase price is at least 85% of fair market value, and when potential dilution is 10% or less.
Severance compensation arrangements will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, although the investment manager will generally oppose golden parachutes that are considered to be excessive. The investment manager will normally support proposals that require a percentage of directors compensation to be in the form of common stock, as it aligns their interests with those of shareholders.
Anti-takeover mechanisms and related issues. The investment manager generally opposes anti-takeover measures since they tend to reduce shareholder rights. However, as with all proxy issues, the investment manager conducts an independent review of each anti-takeover proposal. On occasion, the investment manager may vote with management when the research analyst has concluded that the proposal is not onerous and would not harm the Fund or its shareholders interests. The investment manager generally supports proposals that require shareholder rights plans (poison pills) to be subject to a shareholder vote and will closely evaluate such plans on a case-by-case basis to determine whether or not they warrant support. In addition, the investment manager will generally vote against any proposal to issue stock that has unequal or subordinate voting rights. The investment manager generally opposes any supermajority voting requirements as well as the payment of greenmail. The investment manager generally supports fair price provisions and confidential voting.
Changes to capital structure. The investment manager realizes that a company's financing decisions have a significant impact on its shareholders, particularly when they involve the issuance of additional shares of common or preferred stock or the assumption of additional debt. The investment manager will review, on a case-by-case basis, proposals by companies to increase authorized shares and the purpose for the increase. The investment manager will generally not vote in favor of dual-class capital structures to increase the number of authorized shares where that class of stock would have superior voting rights. The investment manager will generally vote in favor of the issuance of preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock issuance are deemed reasonable.
Mergers and corporate restructuring. Mergers and acquisitions will be subject to careful review by the research analyst to determine whether they would be beneficial to shareholders. The investment manager will analyze various economic and strategic factors in making the final decision on a merger or acquisition. Corporate restructuring proposals are also subject to a thorough examination on a case-by-case basis.
Social and corporate policy issues. The investment manager will generally give management discretion with regard to social, environmental and ethical issues, although the investment manager may vote in favor of those that are believed to have significant economic benefits or implications for the Fund and its shareholders.
Global corporate governance. Many of the tenets discussed above are applied to the investment manager's proxy voting decisions for international investments. However, the investment manager must be flexible in these instances and must be mindful of the varied market practices of each region.
The investment manager will attempt to process every proxy it receives for all domestic and foreign issuers. However, there may be situations in which the investment manager cannot process proxies, for example, where a meeting notice was received too late, or sell orders preclude the ability to vote. If a security is on loan, the investment manager may determine that it is not in the best interests of the Fund to recall the security for voting purposes. Also, the investment manager may abstain from voting under certain circumstances or vote against items such as Other Business when the investment manager is not given adequate information from the company.
Shareholders may view the complete Policies online at franklintempleton.com. Alternatively, shareholders may request copies of the Policies free of charge by calling the Proxy Group collect at (954) 527-7678 or by sending a written request to: Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC, 300 S.E. 2nd Street, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301-1923, Attention: Proxy Group. Copies of the Funds proxy voting records are available online at franklintempleton.com and posted on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. The proxy voting records are updated each year by August 31 to reflect the most recent 12-month period ended June 30.
Investment manager and services provided The Fund's investment manager is Franklin Advisers, Inc. The investment manager is a wholly owned subsidiary of Resources, a publicly owned company engaged in the financial services industry through its subsidiaries. Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are the principal shareholders of Resources.
The investment manager provides investment research and portfolio management services, and selects the securities for the Fund to buy, hold or sell. The investment manager also selects the brokers who execute the Fund's portfolio transactions. The investment manager provides periodic reports to the board, which reviews and supervises the investment manager's investment activities. To protect the Fund, the investment manager and its officers, directors and employees are covered by fidelity insurance.
The investment manager and its affiliates manage numerous other investment companies and accounts. The investment manager may give advice and take action with respect to any of the other funds it manages, or for its own account, that may differ from action taken by the investment manager on behalf of the Fund. Similarly, with respect to the Fund, the investment manager is not obligated to recommend, buy or sell, or to refrain from recommending, buying or selling any security that the investment manager and access persons, as defined by applicable federal securities laws, may buy or sell for its or their own account or for the accounts of any other fund. The investment manager is not obligated to refrain from investing in securities held by the Fund or other funds it manages. Because the investment manager is a subsidiary of a financial holding company (FHC) under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, federal regulations applicable to FHCs may limit or restrict the Fund's ability to acquire or hold a position in a given security when it might otherwise be advantageous for the Fund to acquire or hold that security.
The Fund, its investment manager and principal underwriter have each adopted a code of ethics, as required by federal securities laws. Under the code of ethics, employees who are designated as access persons may engage in personal securities transactions, including transactions involving securities that are being considered for the Fund or that are currently held by the Fund, subject to certain general restrictions and procedures. The personal securities transactions of access persons of the Fund, its investment manager and principal underwriter will be governed by the code of ethics. The code of ethics is on file with, and available from, the SEC.
Management fees The Fund pays the investment manager a fee equal to an annual rate of:
The fee is computed at the close of business on the last business day of each month according to the terms of the management agreement. Each class of the Fund's shares pays its proportionate share of the fee.
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Fund paid the following management fees:
Management Fees
Paid ($) 1 |
|
2011 | 22,028,507 |
2010 | 17,769,133 |
2009 | 13,559,353 |
1. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, management fees, before any advance waiver, totaled $22,369,302, $18,061,758 and $13,874,973, respectively. Under an agreement by the investment manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Funds investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Fund paid the management fees shown.
Portfolio managers This section reflects information about the portfolio managers as of April 30, 2011.
The following table shows the number of other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the total assets in the accounts managed within each category:
Name |
Number of Other
Registered Investment Companies Managed |
Assets of Other
Registered Investment Companies Managed (x $1 million) |
Number of Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed 1 |
Assets of Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed (x $1 million) 1 |
Number of Other
Accounts Managed 1 |
Assets of Other
Accounts Managed (x $1 million) 1 |
Christopher J. Molumphy | 8 | 11,401.1 | 5 | 2,112.9 | 3 | 420.7 |
Eric G. Takaha | 5 | 6,290.5 | 4 | 1,310.2 | 6 | 471.9 |
1. The various pooled investment vehicles and accounts listed are managed by a team of investment professionals. Accordingly, the portfolio manager listed would not be solely responsible for managing such listed amounts.
Portfolio managers that provide investment services to the Fund may also provide services to a variety of other investment products, including other funds, institutional accounts and private accounts. The advisory fees for some of such other products and accounts may be different than that charged to the Fund and may include performance based compensation. This may result in fees that are higher (or lower) than the advisory fees paid by the Fund. As a matter of policy, each fund or account is managed solely for the benefit of the beneficial owners thereof. As discussed below, the separation of the trading execution function from the portfolio management function and the application of objectively based trade allocation procedures help to mitigate potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the portfolio managers managing accounts with different advisory fees.
Conflicts. The management of multiple funds, including the Fund, and accounts may also give rise to potential conflicts of interest if the funds and other accounts have different objectives, benchmarks, time horizons, and fees as the portfolio manager must allocate his or her time and investment ideas across multiple funds and accounts. The investment manager seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment discipline. Most other accounts managed by a portfolio manager are managed using the same investment strategies that are used in connection with the management of the Fund. Accordingly, portfolio holdings, position sizes, and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar portfolios, which may minimize the potential for conflicts of interest. As noted above, the separate management of the trade execution and valuation functions from the portfolio management process also helps to reduce potential conflicts of interest. However, securities selected for funds or accounts other than the Fund may outperform the securities selected for the Fund. Moreover, if a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one fund or other account, the Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of that opportunity across all eligible funds and other accounts. The investment manager seeks to manage such potential conflicts by using procedures intended to provide a fair allocation of buy and sell opportunities among funds and other accounts.
The structure of a portfolio managers compensation may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. A portfolio managers base pay and bonus tend to increase with additional and more complex responsibilities that include increased assets under management. As such, there may be an indirect relationship between a portfolio managers marketing or sales efforts and his or her bonus.
Finally, the management of personal accounts by a portfolio manager may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. While the funds and the investment manager have adopted a code of ethics which they believe contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent a wide range of prohibited activities by portfolio managers and others with respect to their personal trading activities, there can be no assurance that the code of ethics addresses all individual conduct that could result in conflicts of interest.
The investment manager and the Fund have adopted certain compliance procedures that are designed to address these, and other, types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation where a conflict arises.
Compensation. The investment manager seeks to maintain a compensation program that is competitively positioned to attract, retain and motivate top-quality investment professionals. Portfolio managers receive a base salary, a cash incentive bonus opportunity, an equity compensation opportunity, and a benefits package. Portfolio manager compensation is reviewed annually and the level of compensation is based on individual performance, the salary range for a portfolio managers level of responsibility and Franklin Templeton guidelines. Portfolio managers are provided no financial incentive to favor one fund or account over another. Each portfolio managers compensation consists of the following three elements:
Base salary Each portfolio manager is paid a base salary.
Annual bonus Annual bonuses are structured to align the interests of the portfolio manager with those of the Funds shareholders. Each portfolio manager is eligible to receive an annual bonus. Bonuses generally are split between cash (50% to 65%) and restricted shares of Resources stock (17.5% to 25%) and mutual fund shares (17.5% to 25%). The deferred equity-based compensation is intended to build a vested interest of the portfolio manager in the financial performance of both Resources and mutual funds advised by the investment manager. The bonus plan is intended to provide a competitive level of annual bonus compensation that is tied to the portfolio manager achieving consistently strong investment performance, which aligns the financial incentives of the portfolio manager and Fund shareholders. The Chief Investment Officer of the investment manager and/or other officers of the investment manager, with responsibility for the Fund, have discretion in the granting of annual bonuses to portfolio managers in accordance with Franklin Templeton guidelines. The following factors are generally used in determining bonuses under the plan:
Additional long-term equity-based compensation Portfolio managers may also be awarded restricted shares or units of Resources stock or restricted shares or units of one or more mutual funds. Awards of such deferred equity-based compensation typically vest over time, so as to create incentives to retain key talent.
Portfolio managers also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all employees of the investment manager.
Ownership of Fund shares. The investment manager has a policy of encouraging portfolio managers to invest in the funds they manage. Exceptions arise when, for example, a fund is closed to new investors or when tax considerations or jurisdictional constraints cause such an investment to be inappropriate for the portfolio manager. The following is the dollar range of Fund shares beneficially owned by the portfolio manager (such amounts may change from time to time):
Portfolio Manager |
Dollar Range
of Fund Shares Beneficially Owned |
Christopher J. Molumphy | $500,001 - $1,000,000 |
Eric G. Takaha | $100,001 - $500,000 |
Administrator and services provided Franklin Templeton Services, LLC (FT Services) has an agreement with the investment manager to provide certain administrative services and facilities for the Fund. FT Services is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Resources and is an affiliate of the Fund's investment manager and principal underwriter.
The administrative services FT Services provides include preparing and maintaining books, records, and tax and financial reports, and monitoring compliance with regulatory requirements.
Administration fees The investment manager pays FT Services a monthly fee equal to an annual rate of:
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the investment manager paid FT Services the following administration fees:
Administration
Fees Paid ($) |
|
2011 | 4,263,344 |
2010 | 3,545,652 |
2009 | 2,844,219 |
Shareholder servicing and transfer agent Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC (Investor Services) is the Fund's shareholder servicing agent and acts as the Fund's transfer agent and dividend-paying agent. Investor Services is located at 3344 Quality Drive, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313. Please send all correspondence to Investor Services at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151.
Investor Services receives a fee for servicing Fund shareholder accounts. The Fund also will reimburse Investor Services for certain out-of-pocket expenses necessarily incurred in servicing the shareholder accounts in accordance with the terms of its servicing contract with the Fund.
Investor Services may also pay servicing fees, that will be reimbursed by the Fund, in varying amounts to certain financial institutions (primarily to help offset their costs associated with client account maintenance support, statement preparation and transaction processing) that (i) maintain omnibus accounts with the Fund in the institution's name on behalf of numerous beneficial owners of Fund shares who are either direct clients of the institution or are participants in an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan (including Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans and Section 529 Plans) for which the institution, or its affiliate, provides participant level recordkeeping services (called "Beneficial Owners"); or (ii) provide support for Fund shareholder accounts by sharing account data with Investor Services through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) networking system. In addition to servicing fees received from the Fund, these financial institutions also may charge a fee for their services directly to their clients. Investor Services will also receive a fee from the Fund for services provided in support of Beneficial Owners and NSCC networking system accounts.
Custodian The Bank of New York Mellon, Mutual Funds Division, 100 Church Street, New York, NY 10286, acts as custodian of the Fund's securities and other assets. As foreign custody manager, the bank selects and monitors foreign sub-custodian banks, selects and evaluates non-compulsory foreign depositories, and furnishes information relevant to the selection of compulsory depositories.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111-4004, is the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm. The Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm audits the financial statements included in the Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders.
The investment manager selects brokers and dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions in accordance with criteria set forth in the management agreement and any directions that the board may give.
When placing a portfolio transaction, the trading department of the investment manager seeks to obtain "best execution" -- the best combination of high quality transaction execution services, taking into account the services and products to be provided by the broker or dealer, and low relative commission rates with the view of maximizing value for the Fund and its other clients. For most transactions in equity securities, the amount of commissions paid is negotiated between the investment manager and the broker executing the transaction. The determination and evaluation of the reasonableness of the brokerage commissions paid are based to a large degree on the professional opinions of the persons within the trading department of the investment manager responsible for placement and review of the transactions. These opinions are based on the experience of these individuals in the securities industry and information available to them about the level of commissions being paid by other institutional investors. The investment manager may also place orders to buy and sell equity securities on a principal rather than agency basis if the investment manager believes that trading on a principal basis will provide best execution. Orders for fixed-income securities are ordinarily placed with market makers on a net basis, without any brokerage commissions. Purchases of portfolio securities from underwriters will include a commission or concession paid to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers will include a spread between the bid and ask price.
The investment manager may cause the Fund to pay certain brokers commissions that are higher than those another broker may charge, if the investment manager determines in good faith that the amount paid is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services it receives. This may be viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the investment manager's overall responsibilities to client accounts over which it exercises investment discretion. The brokerage commissions that are used to acquire services other than brokerage are known as "soft dollars." Research provided can be either proprietary (created and provided by the broker-dealer, including tangible research products as well as access to analysts and traders) or third party (created by a third party but provided by the broker-dealer). To the extent permitted by applicable law, the investment manager may use soft dollars to acquire both proprietary and third-party research.
The research services that brokers may provide to the investment manager include, among others, supplying information about particular companies, markets, countries, or local, regional, national or transnational economies, statistical data, quotations and other securities pricing information, and other information that provides lawful and appropriate assistance to the investment manager in carrying out its investment advisory responsibilities. These services may not always directly benefit the Fund. They must, however, be of value to the investment manager in carrying out its overall responsibilities to its clients.
It is not possible to place an accurate dollar value on the special execution or on the research services the investment manager receives from dealers effecting transactions in portfolio securities. The allocation of transactions to obtain additional research services allows the investment manager to supplement its own research and analysis activities and to receive the views and information of individuals and research staffs from many securities firms. The receipt of these products and services does not reduce the investment manager's research activities in providing investment advice to the Fund.
As long as it is lawful and appropriate to do so, the investment manager and its affiliates may use this research and data in their investment advisory capacities with other clients.
Because Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), it may sometimes receive certain fees when the Fund tenders portfolio securities pursuant to a tender-offer solicitation. To recapture brokerage for the benefit of the Fund, any portfolio securities tendered by the Fund will be tendered through Distributors if it is legally permissible to do so. In turn, the next management fee payable to the investment manager will be reduced by the amount of any fees received by Distributors in cash, less any costs and expenses incurred in connection with the tender.
If purchases or sales of securities of the Fund and one or more other investment companies or clients supervised by the investment manager are considered at or about the same time, transactions in these securities will be allocated among the several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all by the investment manager, taking into account the respective sizes of the accounts and the amount of securities to be purchased or sold. In some cases this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the Fund is concerned. In other cases it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions may improve execution and reduce transaction costs to the Fund.
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Fund paid the following brokerage commissions:
Brokerage
Commissions ($) |
|
2011 | 22,858 |
2010 1 | |
2009 | 32,553 |
1. The decrease in brokerage commissions in 2010 was due to a decrease in equity securities trades.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, the Fund did not pay brokerage commissions to brokers who provided research services.
As of April 30, 2011, the Fund owned securities issued by Bank of America NA, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Credit Suisse Holdings (USA) Inc., Goldman, Sachs & Co., JP Morgan Securities, Inc., Merrill Lynch Government Securities Inc., Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. and UBS Securities LLC valued in the aggregate at $35,655,000, $55,155,000, $2,893,000, $24,447,000, $32,568,000, $11,167,000, $16,323,000 and $11,185,000, respectively. Except as noted, the Fund did not own any securities issued by its regular broker-dealers as of the end of the fiscal year.
References to "the Code" and other references to the U.S. Federal income tax law, refer to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Treasury Regulations thereunder.
Multiclass distributions The Fund calculates income dividends and capital gain distributions the same way for each class. The amount of any income dividends per share will differ, however, generally due to any differences in the distribution and service (Rule 12b-1) fees applicable to the classes.
Distributions of net investment income The Fund receives income generally in the form of dividends and interest on its investments. This income, less expenses incurred in the operation of the Fund, constitutes the Fund's net investment income from which dividends may be paid to you. If you are a taxable investor, any income dividends (other than qualified dividends) the Fund pays are taxable to you at ordinary income tax rates. A portion of the income dividends paid to you may be qualified dividends eligible to be taxed at reduced rates.
Distributions of capital gains The Fund may realize capital gains and losses on the sale of its portfolio securities.
Distributions of short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long you have owned your shares in the Fund. Any net capital gains realized by the Fund (in excess of any available capital loss carryovers) generally are distributed once each year, and may be distributed more frequently, if necessary, to reduce or eliminate excise or income taxes on the Fund.
Capital gain dividends and any net long-term capital gains you realize from the sale of Fund shares are subject to a maximum rate of tax of 15% for individuals (0% for individuals in the 10% and 15% federal income tax brackets). These reduced rates of taxation of capital gain dividends and net long-term capital gains are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2012, unless extended or made permanent before that date. If these rates do sunset at the end of 2012, the rates for taxation of net capital gains that were in effect prior to these changes, including provisions for the taxation of five-year gains, will again be effective for 2013 and later years.
Returns of capital If the Fund's distributions exceed its earnings and profits (i.e., its taxable income and realized capital gains) for a taxable year, all or a portion of the distributions made in that taxable year may be characterized as a return of capital to you. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce the cost basis in your Fund shares and will result in a higher capital gain or in a lower capital loss when you sell your shares. Any return of capital in excess of the basis in your Fund shares, however, will be taxable as a capital gain. In the case of a non-calendar year fund, earnings and profits are first allocated to distributions made on or before December 31 of its taxable year and then to distributions made thereafter, effective for taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010. The effect of this provision is to push returns of capital into the next calendar year.
Investments in foreign securities The following paragraphs describe tax considerations that are applicable to the Fund's investments in foreign securities.
Effect of foreign withholding taxes. The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on income or gains from certain foreign securities. This, in turn, could reduce the Fund's income dividends paid to you.
Effect of foreign debt investments on distributions. Most foreign exchange gains realized on the sale of debt securities are treated as ordinary income by the Fund. Similarly, foreign exchange losses realized on the sale of debt securities generally are treated as ordinary losses. These gains when distributed are taxable to you as ordinary income, and any losses reduce the Fund's ordinary income otherwise available for distribution to you. This treatment could increase or decrease the Fund's ordinary income distributions to you, and may cause some or all of the Fund's previously distributed income to be classified as a return of capital.
PFIC securities. The Fund may invest in securities of foreign entities that could be deemed for tax purposes to be passive foreign investment companies (PFICs). When investing in PFIC securities, the Fund intends to mark-to-market these securities and recognize any gains at the end of its fiscal and excise (described below) tax years. Deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any current or previously recognized gains. These gains (reduced by allowable losses) are treated as ordinary income that the Fund is required to distribute, even though it has not sold the securities. If the Fund is unable to identify an investment as a PFIC security and thus does not make a mark-to-market election, the Fund may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any "excess distribution" or gain from the sale of the PFIC shares even if such income is distributed to you as a taxable dividend. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund on any deferred taxes arising from such income or gains.
The Fund's designation of a foreign security as a PFIC security will cause the income dividends of any designated securities to fall outside of the definition of qualified foreign corporation dividends. These dividends generally will not qualify for the reduced rate of taxation on qualified dividends when distributed to you by the Fund.
Information on the amount and tax character of distributions The Fund will inform you of the amount of your income dividends and capital gain distributions at the time they are paid, and will advise you of their tax status for federal income tax purposes shortly after the close of each calendar year. The amount of income dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders, consisting of qualified dividend income (which is relevant to U.S. investors) and interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends (which are relevant to non-U.S. investors) may exceed the total amount of income dividends paid. Such characterization will not result in more income being reported to you, but rather will allow the Fund to report dividends in a manner that is more tax efficient to both U.S. and non-U.S. investors. If you have not owned your Fund shares for a full year, the Fund may report and distribute to you:
a percentage of income that may not be equal to the actual amount of each type of income earned during the period of your investment in the Fund. Distributions declared in December to shareholders of record in such month, but paid in January, are taxable to you as if paid in December.
The Fund may at times find it necessary to reclassify income after it issues your tax reporting statement. This can result from rules in the Code that effectively prevent regulated investment companies such as the Fund from ascertaining with certainty until after the calendar year end the final amount and character of distributions the Fund has received on its investments during the prior calendar year. Prior to issuing your statement, Franklin Templeton Investments makes every effort to identify reclassifications of income to reduce the number of corrected forms mailed to shareholders. However, when necessary, the Fund will send you a corrected tax reporting statement to reflect reclassified information. If you receive a corrected tax reporting statement, use the information on this statement, and not the information on your original statement, in completing your tax returns.
Avoid "buying a dividend" At the time you purchase your Fund shares, the Funds net asset value may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation in the value of the portfolio securities held by the Fund. For taxable investors, a subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable. This tax treatment is required even if you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares. Buying shares in the Fund just before it declares an income dividend or capital gain distribution is sometimes known as buying a dividend. For example, if you buy 500 shares in a fund on December 10th at the fund's net asset value (NAV) of $10 per share, and the fund makes a distribution on December 15th of $1 per share, your shares will then have an NAV of $9 per share (disregarding any change in the fund's market value), and you will have to pay a tax on what is essentially a return of your investment of $1 per share.
Election to be taxed as a regulated investment company The Fund has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. It has qualified as a regulated investment company for its most recent fiscal year, and intends to continue to qualify during the current fiscal year. As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. Failure to qualify as a regulated investment company, subject to savings provisions for certain qualification failures, which, in general, are limited to those due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, would thus have a negative impact on the Funds income and performance. In that case, the Fund would be liable for federal, and possibly state, corporate taxes on its taxable income and gains, and distributions to you would be taxed as dividend income to the extent of the Fund's earnings and profits. Even if such savings provisions apply, the Fund may be subject to a monetary sanction of $50,000 or more. Moreover, the board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company if it determines such a course of action to be beneficial to shareholders.
Capital loss carryovers The capital losses of the Fund, if any, do not flow through to shareholders. Rather, the Fund may use its capital losses, subject to applicable limitations, to offset its capital gains without being required to pay taxes on or distribute to shareholders such gains that are offset by the losses. If the Fund has a "net capital loss" (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains) for a taxable year beginning after December 22, 2010, the excess (if any) of the Fund's net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund's next taxable year, and the excess (if any) of the Fund's net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund's next taxable year. Any such net capital losses of the Fund that are not used to offset capital gains may be carried forward indefinitely to reduce any future capital gains realized by the Fund in succeeding taxable years. However, for any net capital losses realized in taxable years of the Fund beginning on or before December 22, 2010, the Fund is only permitted to carry forward such capital losses for eight years as a short-term capital loss. Under a transition rule, capital losses arising in a taxable year beginning after December 22, 2010 must be used before capital losses realized in a prior taxable year.
Excise tax distribution requirements
Required distributions. To avoid federal excise taxes, the Code requires the Fund to distribute to you by December 31 of each year, at a minimum, the following amounts:
The Fund intends to declare and pay these distributions in December (or to pay them in January, in which case you must treat them as received in December), but can give no assurances that its distributions will be sufficient to eliminate all taxes.
Tax reporting for income and excise tax years. Because the periods for measuring a regulated investment companys income are different for income (determined on a fiscal year basis) and excise tax years (determined as noted above), special rules are required to calculate the amount of income earned in each period, and the amount of earnings and profits needed to support that income. For example, if the Fund uses the excise tax period ending on October 31 as the measuring period for calculating and paying out capital gain net income and realizes a net capital loss between November 1 and the end of the Funds fiscal year, it will likely have insufficient earnings and profits for its taxable year to support its required excise tax distribution. Accordingly, the Fund is permitted to elect to treat part or all of any "qualified late-year loss" as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Funds taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such "qualified late-year loss" as if it had been incurred in the succeeding year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year. Because these rules are not entirely clear, the Fund may be required to interpret the "qualified late-year loss" and other rules relating to these different year-ends to determine its taxable income and capital gains. The Funds reporting of income and its allocation between different taxable and excise tax years may be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), possibly resulting in adjustments in the income reported by the Fund on its tax returns and/or by the Fund to you on your year-end tax statements.
Sales of Fund shares. Sales and exchanges of Fund shares are taxable transactions for federal and state income tax purposes. If you sell your Fund shares, or exchange them for shares of a different Franklin Templeton fund, the IRS requires you to report any gain or loss on your sale or exchange. If you owned your shares as a capital asset, any gain or loss that you realize is a capital gain or loss, and is long-term or short-term, depending on how long you owned your shares.
The conversion of shares of one class into another class of the same fund is not taxable for federal income tax purposes. Thus, the automatic conversion of Class B shares into Class A shares in the same Fund is not taxable for federal income tax purposes.
Sales at a loss within six months of purchase. Any loss incurred on the sale or exchange of Fund shares owned for six months or less is treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term capital gains distributed to you by the Fund on those shares.
Wash sales. All or a portion of any loss that you realize on the sale of your Fund shares is disallowed to the extent that you buy other shares in the Fund within 30 days before or after your sale. Any loss disallowed under these rules is added to your tax basis in the new shares.
Deferral of basis. In reporting gain or loss on the sale of your Fund shares, you may be required to adjust your basis in the shares you sell under the following circumstances:
IF:
THEN: In reporting any gain or loss on your sale, all or a portion of the sales charge that you paid for your original shares is excluded from your tax basis in the shares sold and added to your tax basis in the new shares. For taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010, this provision will only apply if the new shares are acquired by January 31 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the disposition of the original shares occurred.
Cost basis reporting. Under the provisions of the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008, the Funds administrative agent will be required to provide you cost basis information on the sale of your Fund shares, subject to certain exceptions. This new cost basis reporting requirement is effective for Fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012. Information about cost basis reporting for Franklin Templeton funds is available at franklintempleton.com (under the Funds Tax Information) or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236.
Tax certification and backup withholding Tax laws require that you certify your tax information when you become an investor in the Fund. For U.S. citizens and resident aliens, this certification is made on IRS Form W-9. Under these laws, you may be subject to federal backup withholding at 28%, and state backup withholding may also apply, on a portion of your taxable distributions and sales proceeds unless you:
The Fund must also withhold if the IRS instructs it to do so. When withholding is required, the amount will be 28% of any taxable distributions.
U.S. government securities The income earned on certain U.S. government securities is exempt from state and local personal income taxes if earned directly by you. States also grant tax-free status to mutual fund dividends paid to you from interest earned on these securities, subject in some states to minimum investment or reporting requirements that must be met by the Fund. The income on Fund investments in certain securities, such as repurchase agreements, commercial paper and federal agency-backed obligations (e.g., Ginnie Mae and Fannie Mae securities), generally does not qualify for tax-free treatment. The rules on exclusion of this income are different for corporations.
Qualified dividends and the corporate dividends-received deduction For individual shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may be qualified dividend income eligible for taxation at the 15% long-term capital gain rate (0% for individuals in the 10% and 15% federal rate brackets).
In general, income dividends from dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations and qualified foreign corporations will be permitted this favored federal tax treatment. Income dividends from interest earned by the Fund on debt securities and dividends received from unqualified foreign corporations will continue to be taxed at the higher ordinary income tax rates.
For corporate shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction. This deduction generally is available to corporations for dividends paid by a fund out of income earned on its investments in domestic corporations. Dividends paid by the Fund from its investments in debt obligations, or in foreign rather than domestic securities, will not qualify for this deduction.
Because the income of the Fund is primarily derived from investments earning interest rather than dividend income, it is anticipated that only a small percentage, if any, of the Funds income dividends will be qualified dividends for individual shareholders or will be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders. If the percentage of qualified dividend income or dividends-received deduction for corporations is in fact quite small, the Fund reserves the right to not report either a percentage of qualified dividends, or of dividends-received deduction, or both, for Fund investors.
Sunsetting of provisions. The special provisions dealing with qualified dividend income are scheduled to sunset for taxable years of the Fund beginning after December 31, 2012, unless extended or made permanent before that date. The reduced rates of taxation of long-term capital gains are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2012. If these reduced rates do sunset, the rules on taxation of capital gains that were in effect prior to the adoption of these reduced rates, including provisions for the taxation of five-year gains, will again be effective for 2013 and later years.
Investment in complex securities The Fund may invest in complex securities that could require it to adjust the amount, timing or tax character (ordinary or capital) of the income, gains and losses it recognizes on these investments. This, in turn, could affect the amount, timing and tax character of the Funds income and gains distributed to you.
Derivatives. The Fund may invest in certain derivative contracts, including some or all of the following types of investments: options on securities and securities indices; financial and futures contracts; options on financial or futures contracts and stock index futures; foreign currency contracts, and forward and futures contracts on foreign currencies. If it makes any of these investments, it could be required to mark-to-market these contracts and realize any unrealized gains and losses at its fiscal year end even though it continues to hold the contracts. Under these rules, gains or losses on the contracts generally would be treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses, but gains or losses on certain foreign currency contracts would be treated as ordinary income or losses. In determining its net income for excise tax purposes, the Fund also would be required to mark-to-market these contracts annually as of October 31 (for capital gain net income and ordinary income arising from certain foreign currency contracts) and to realize and distribute any resulting income and gains.
Constructive sales. The Fund's entry into an option or other contract could be treated as the "constructive sale" of an "appreciated financial position," causing it to realize gain, but not loss, on the position.
Securities lending transactions. The Fund obtains additional income by lending its securities, typically to brokers. All amounts that are paid to the Fund in a securities lending transaction, including substitute dividend and interest payments, are treated as a "fee" for the temporary use of property. As a result, any substitute dividend payments received by the Fund are neither qualified dividend income eligible for taxation at reduced long-term capital gain rates in the case of individual shareholders nor eligible for the corporate dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders. Similarly, any substitute interest payments will not be qualified interest income exempt from U.S. withholding tax at source in the case of non-U.S. investors.
Tax straddles. If the Fund invests in any or all of the derivative contracts described in the paragraphs above, if it actively trades stock or otherwise acquires a position with respect to substantially similar or related property in connection with certain hedging transactions, or if it engages in spread, straddle or collar transactions, it could be deemed to hold offsetting positions in securities. If the Funds risk of loss with respect to specific securities in its portfolio is substantially diminished by the fact that it holds offsetting securities, including securities in a spread, collar, straddle or similar type of transaction, the Fund could be deemed to have entered into a tax "straddle" or to hold a "successor position" that would require any loss realized by it to be deferred for tax purposes.
Synthetic convertible securities. The Fund is permitted to invest in synthetic convertible securities, which are comprised of two distinct security components, for example, a nonconvertible fixed income security and warrants or stock or stock index call options. When combined, these investments achieve the same economic effect as an investment in a traditional convertible security: a desired income stream and the right to acquire shares of the underlying equity security. Even though these securities are economically equivalent to traditional convertible securities, each security forming part of such an investment is analyzed separately, and the tax consequences of an investment in the component parts of these securities could differ from those of an investment in a traditional convertible security.
Structured investments. The Fund may be permitted to invest in instruments that are designed to restructure the investment characteristics of particular groups of securities. The Fund may be permitted to invest in swap contracts that are designed to give the holder a specific return (on a net basis) than would otherwise be payable in the case of a traditional security. Swap contracts can also involve exchanges in fixed and variable interest rates, foreign currencies or baskets of securities that mimic certain other securities or indices. The Fund may also be permitted to invest in swaptions which are options, such as a put or call option to hedge against interest rates. A swaption is treated as a traditional option until the option lapses or is exercised in which later case the Fund would be treated as entering into a swap. If the Fund is permitted to invest in these securities and does so, it could be subject to tax consequences that differ from those of an investment in traditional debt or equity securities.
Credit-linked securities. The Fund may enter into credit-linked securities including debt securities represented by an interest in or collateralized by one or more corporate debt obligations, or into credit default swap agreements. The rules governing the tax aspects of credit-linked securities that provide for contingent nonperiodic payments of this type are in a developing stage and are not entirely clear in certain aspects. Accordingly, while the Fund intends to account for such transactions in a manner that it deems to be appropriate, the IRS might not accept such treatment, and may require the Fund to modify its treatment of these investments. Certain requirements that must be met under the Code in order for the Fund to qualify as a regulated investment company may limit the extent to which the Fund will be able to engage in credit default swap agreements.
Securities purchased at discount. The Fund is permitted to invest in securities issued or purchased at a discount, such as zero coupon, deferred interest or payment-in-kind (PIK) bonds, that could require it to accrue and distribute income not yet received. The Fund may also be able to invest in distressed mortgage obligations or in other debt obligations in or pending default. These obligations may not pay current interest, but may be subject to tax rules that require the Fund to currently accrue income for tax reporting, and then distribute that income to Fund shareholders to meet its fund qualification and excise tax distribution requirements. If it invests in these securities, the Fund could be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise might have continued to hold in order to generate sufficient cash to make these distributions.
Investment in taxable mortgage pools (excess inclusion Income). Under a Notice issued by the IRS, the Code and Treasury regulations to be issued, a portion of the Funds income from a U.S. REIT that is attributable to the REITs residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) or equity interests in a taxable mortgage pool (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will be subject to federal income tax in all events. The excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as a Fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related REMIC residual interest or, if applicable, taxable mortgage pool directly. In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on unrelated business income (UBTI), thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign stockholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. In addition, if at any time during any taxable year a disqualified organization (which generally includes certain cooperatives, governmental entities, and tax-exempt organizations not subject to UBTI) is a record holder of a share in a regulated investment company, then the regulated investment company will be subject to a tax equal to that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to the disqualified organization, multiplied by the highest federal income tax rate imposed on corporations. The Notice imposes certain reporting requirements upon regulated investment companies that have excess inclusion income. There can be no assurance that the Fund will not allocate to shareholders excess inclusion income.
These rules are potentially applicable to a fund with respect to any income it receives from the equity interests of certain mortgage pooling vehicles, either directly or, as is more likely, through an investment in a U.S. REIT. It is not anticipated that these rules will apply to a fund that has a non-REIT strategy.
State income taxes Some state tax codes adopt the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) through a certain date. In general, the California Revenue and Taxation Code currently conforms to the IRC as of January 1, 2009. As a result, such conforming states may not have adopted the version of the IRC that contains either the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, or other federal tax laws enacted after the applicable conformity date. Other states may have adopted an income or other basis of tax that differs from the IRC.
The information furnished by the Fund to shareholders and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) annually with respect to the amount and character of dividends paid, and records maintained by the Fund with respect to any corresponding adjustments to the cost basis of a shareholders Fund shares, will be prepared on the basis of current federal income tax law to comply with the information reporting requirements of the Code, and not on the basis of the law of any state in which a shareholder is resident or otherwise subject to tax. Under the current California Revenue and Taxation Code, certain funds are required to report federal tax information to the California Franchise Tax Board annually.
Accordingly, the amount and character of income, gain or loss realized by a shareholder with respect to his or her investment in Fund shares for state income tax purposes may differ from that for federal income tax purposes. Franklin Templeton Investments provides tax information on franklintempleton.com (under the Tax Center) regarding tax-exempt income by jurisdiction and U.S. government interest to assist shareholders with the preparation of their state income tax returns. Shareholders are solely responsible for determining the amount and character of income, gain or loss to report on their state income tax returns each year as a result of their purchase, holding and sale of Fund shares.
Non-U.S. investors Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax, and are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements.
In general. The United States imposes a flat 30% withholding tax (or a tax at a lower treaty rate) on U.S. source dividends. An exemption from this withholding tax is provided for capital gain dividends paid by the Fund from its net long-term capital gains. An exemption from withholding is also provided for short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends as described below, to the extent that these gains and dividends are paid with respect to taxable years of the Fund beginning before January 1, 2012. However, notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any taxable distributions and proceeds from the sale of your Fund shares will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person.
Capital gain distributions and short-term capital gain dividends. Dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as either (i) a distribution from net long-term capital gains (a capital gain dividend), or (ii) a distribution from net short-term capital gains (a short-term capital gain dividend) paid out of income earned within the Fund prior to the sunset date described above, other than long- or short-term capital gains realized on disposition of U.S. real property interests (see discussion below), are not subject to U.S. withholding tax unless you are a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the calendar year.
Interest-related dividends. Interest-related dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as paid from qualified net interest income earned prior to the sunset date described above are not subject to U.S. withholding tax. The Fund's qualified net interest income equals its qualified interest income less allocable expenses. "Qualified interest income" includes, in general, the sum of the Fund's U.S. source: i) bank deposit interest, ii) short-term original issue discount, iii) portfolio interest, and iv) any interest-related dividend passed through from another regulated investment company. On any payment date, the amount of an income dividend that is reported by the Fund as an interest-related dividend may be more or less than the amount that is so qualified. This is because the amount reported is based on an estimate of the Fund's qualified interest income for its entire fiscal year, which can only be determined with exactness at fiscal year end. As a consequence, the Fund may over withhold a small amount of U.S. tax from a dividend payment. In this case, the non-U.S. investor's only recourse may be to either forgo recovery of the excess withholding, or to file a United States nonresident income tax return to recover the excess withholding.
Limitations on tax reporting for interest-related dividends and short-term capital gains dividends for non-U.S. investors. It may not be practical in every case for the Fund to report to shareholders, and the Fund reserves the right in these cases to not report, small amounts of interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends. Additionally, the Fund's reporting of interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends may not, in turn, be passed through to shareholders by intermediaries who have assumed tax reporting responsibilities for this income in managed or omnibus accounts due to systems limitations or operational constraints. When the Fund has reported interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends, this information will be available online at franklintempleton.com, under the Funds Tax Information, or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236. If you are a shareholder of an institutional fund, you may obtain this information by calling Institutional Services at (800) 321-8563, or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236.
Effectively connected income. Income dividends paid by the Fund to non-U.S. investors on portfolio investments are generally subject to U.S. withholding tax at 30% or a lower treaty rate. However, if you hold your Fund shares in connection with a U.S. trade or business, your income and gains may be considered effectively connected income and taxed in the U.S. on a net basis at graduated income tax rates in which case you may be required to file a nonresident U.S. income tax return.
U.S. estate tax. As of the date of this Registration Statement, the U.S. federal estate tax has been reinstated. An individual who is a non-U.S. investor will be subject to U.S. federal estate tax on all or a portion of the value of Fund shares owned at the time of death, unless a treaty exemption applies between the country of residence of the non-U.S. investor and the U.S. Even if a treaty exemption is available, a decedents estate may nevertheless be required to file a U.S. estate tax return to claim the exemption, as well as to obtain a U.S. federal transfer certificate. The transfer certificate will identify the property (i.e., Fund shares) on which a U.S. federal tax lien has been released, and is required before the Fund can release a nonresident alien decedents investment in the Fund to his or her estate. For estates with U.S. situs assets of not more than $60,000 (there is a statutory estate tax credit for this amount of property), the Fund may accept, in lieu of a federal transfer certificate, an affidavit from the executor of the estate or other authorized individual evidencing that the U.S. situs assets (excluding any exempt assets as noted below) are at or below this threshold amount. Transfers by gift of shares of the Fund by a non-U.S. investor who is a nonresident alien individual will not be subject to U.S. federal gift tax. The tax consequences to a non-U.S. investor entitled to claim the benefits of a treaty between the country of residence of the non-U.S. investor and the U.S. may be different from the consequences described above. Non-U.S. investors should consult with their tax advisors on the estate tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.
For estates of decedents dying before January 1, 2012, the Code also provides for a partial exemption from U.S. estate tax for Fund shares held by an estate of a nonresident decedent. The amount treated as exempt is based on the proportion of the assets held by the Fund at the end of the quarter immediately preceding the decedents death that are treated as qualifying assets. In general, qualifying assets include U.S. bank deposits, U.S. debt obligations that pay portfolio interest and other property not within the United States.
Sunsetting of provisions. The provisions dealing with interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends that are discussed above are scheduled to sunset with respect to taxable years of the Fund ending on December 31, 2011 (calendar year Funds) or in 2012 (fiscal year Funds). The provisions creating a partial exemption from U.S. estate tax are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2011. Unless these rules are extended, or made permanent, non-U.S. investors will again be subject to nonresident withholding taxes on any ordinary dividends (including short-term capital gain dividends) that they receive, and will no longer be eligible for a reduction in their U.S. estate tax.
Tax certification and backup withholding as applied to non-U.S. investors. Non-U.S. investors have special U.S. tax certification requirements to avoid backup withholding (at a rate of 28%), and if applicable, to obtain the benefit of any income tax treaty between the non-U.S. investor's country of residence and the United States. To claim these tax benefits, the non-U.S. investor must provide a properly completed Form W-8BEN (or other Form W-8, where applicable, or their substitute forms) to establish his or her status as a non-U.S. investor, to claim beneficial ownership over the assets in the account, and to claim, if applicable, a reduced rate of or exemption from withholding tax under the applicable treaty. A Form W-8BEN provided without a U.S. taxpayer identification number remains in effect for a period of three years beginning on the date that it is signed and ending on the last day of the third succeeding calendar year. However, non-U.S. investors must advise the Fund of any changes of circumstances that would render the information given on the form incorrect, and must then provide a new W-8BEN to avoid the prospective application of backup withholding. Forms W-8BEN with U.S. taxpayer identification numbers remain valid indefinitely, or until the investor has a change of circumstances that renders the form incorrect and necessitates a new form and tax certification.
Investment in U.S. real property. The Fund may invest in equity securities of corporations that invest in U.S. real property, including U.S. real estate investment trusts (REITs). The sale of a U.S. real property interest (USRPI) by the Fund or by a U.S. REIT or U.S. real property holding corporation (USRPHC) in which the Fund invests may trigger special tax consequences to the Funds non-U.S. shareholders. A USRPHC is a U.S. corporation that invests more than 50% of its assets in U.S. real estate.
The Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (FIRPTA) makes non-U.S. persons subject to U.S. tax on disposition of a USRPI as if he or she were a U.S. person. Such gain is sometimes referred to as FIRPTA gain. A Funds investment in USRPI, including U.S. REITs, may trigger FIRPTA gain to the Funds non-U.S. investors on certain distributions from the Fund and on the sale or exchange of Fund shares.
Under a look-through rule, the Code treats distributions by a regulated investment company (RIC) received from a U.S. REIT or another RIC classified as a USRPHC or realized by the RIC on a sale of a USRPI (other than a domestically controlled U.S.-REIT or RIC that is classified as a qualified investment entity) as FIRPTA gain if all of the following requirements are met:
If these conditions are met, such Fund distributions to you are treated as gain from the disposition of a USRPI, causing the distributions to be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a rate of 35% (or, to the extent provided in future regulations, 20% in the case of taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010), and requiring that you file a nonresident U.S. income tax return. Even if you do not own more than 5% of a class of Fund shares, but the Fund is a qualified investment entity, such Fund distributions to you will be taxable as ordinary dividends rather than as a capital gain dividend (a distribution of long-term capital gains) or a short-term capital gain dividend subject to withholding at the 30% or lower treaty withholding rate.
These rules apply to dividends paid by a Fund before January 1, 2012 (unless such sunset date is extended or made permanent), except that after such sunset date, Fund distributions from a U.S.-REIT (whether or not domestically controlled) attributable to FIRPTA gain will continue to be subject to the withholding rules described above provided the Fund would otherwise be classified as a qualified investment entity.
Additionally, if the Fund is a USRPHC and is not domestically controlled, any gain realized on the sale or exchange of Fund shares by a non-U.S. investor that owns more than 5% of a class of Fund shares would be taxed as income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. The Fund will be a USRPHC if, in general, 50% or more of the fair market value of its assets consists of USRPI. For purposes of determining whether the Fund is a USRPHC, shares of U.S. REITs controlled by U.S. persons and holdings of 5% or less in the stock of publicly traded USRPHCs are not considered USRPI. After December 31, 2011 (unless such sunset date is extended or made permanent), a more than 5% non-U.S. shareholder of the Fund may no longer rely on the fact that the Fund is domestically controlled in order to exclude gain on the sale or exchange of Fund shares if the Fund is otherwise considered a USRPHC.
Because the Fund expects to invest less than 50% of its assets at all times, directly or indirectly, in U.S. real property interests, it expects that neither gain on the sale or redemption of Fund shares nor Fund dividends and distributions should be subject to FIRPTA reporting and tax withholding.
Other Tax Information This discussion of Distributions and Taxes is not written to provide you with tax advice, and does not purport to deal with all of the tax consequences that may be applicable to your investment in the Fund. You should consult your tax advisor regarding your particular circumstances before making an investment in the Fund, or about the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.
Organization, Voting Rights and Principal Holders
The Fund is a diversified series of Franklin Strategic Series (Trust), an open-end management investment company, commonly called a mutual fund. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust (a form of entity formerly known as a business trust) on January 25, 1991, and is registered with the SEC.
The Fund currently offers five classes of shares, Class A, Class B, Class C, Class R and Advisor Class. New or additional investments into Class B are no longer permitted. Existing shareholders of Class B shares may continue as Class B shareholders, continue to reinvest dividends into Class B shares and exchange their Class B shares for Class B shares of other Franklin Templeton funds as permitted by the current exchange privileges. The Fund may offer additional classes of shares in the future. The full title of each class is:
Shares of each class represent proportionate interests in the Fund's assets. On matters that affect the Fund as a whole, each class has the same voting and other rights and preferences as any other class. On matters that affect only one class, only shareholders of that class may vote. Each class votes separately on matters affecting only that class, or expressly required to be voted on separately by state or federal law. Shares of each class of a series have the same voting and other rights and preferences as the other classes and series of the Trust for matters that affect the Trust as a whole. Additional series may be offered in the future.
The Trust has noncumulative voting rights. For board member elections, this gives holders of more than 50% of the shares voting the ability to elect all of the members of the board. If this happens, holders of the remaining shares voting will not be able to elect anyone to the board.
The Trust does not intend to hold annual shareholder meetings. The Trust or a series of the Trust may hold special meetings, however, for matters requiring shareholder approval.
As of August 1, 2011, the principal shareholders of the Fund, beneficial or of record, were:
Name and Address | Share Class |
Percentage
(%) |
Hartford Life Insurance Co.
Separate Account UIT Operations P.O. Box 2999 Hartford, CT 06104-2999 |
R | 23.17 |
State Street Bank TRSTE
FBO ADP Access 1 Lincoln Street Boston, MA 02111-2901 |
R | 6.21 |
American United Life Insurance Company
FBO Group Retirement Annuity Separate Accounts Administration 1002C P.O. Box 1995 Indianapolis, IN 46206-9102 |
R | 10.53 |
Franklin Templeton Conservative Allocation Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series 3344 Quality Drive Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 5.89 |
Franklin Templeton Moderate Allocation Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series 3344 Quality Drive Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 9.22 |
Age 13-16 Years
FT 529 College Savings Plan 300 S.E. 2nd Street Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301-1923 |
Advisor | 5.29 |
From time to time, the number of Fund shares held in the "street name" accounts of various securities dealers for the benefit of their clients or in centralized securities depositories may exceed 5% of the total shares outstanding.
As of August 1, 2011, the officers and board members, as a group, owned of record and beneficially less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each class. The board members may own shares in other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments.The Fund continuously offers its shares through securities dealers who have an agreement with Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors). A securities dealer includes any financial institution that, either directly or through affiliates, has an agreement with Distributors to handle customer orders and accounts with the Fund. This reference is for convenience only and does not indicate a legal conclusion of capacity. Banks and financial institutions that sell shares of the Fund may be required by state law to register as securities dealers. If you buy or sell shares through your securities dealer, you may be charged a transaction processing fee by your securities dealer. Your securities dealer will provide you with specific information about any transaction processing fees you will be charged.
For investors outside the U.S., the offering of Fund shares may be limited in many jurisdictions. An investor who wishes to buy shares of the Fund should determine, or have a broker-dealer determine, the applicable laws and regulations of the relevant jurisdiction. Investors are responsible for compliance with tax, currency exchange or other regulations applicable to redemption and purchase transactions in any jurisdiction to which they may be subject. Investors should consult appropriate tax and legal advisors to obtain information on the rules applicable to these transactions.
All checks, drafts, wires and other payment mediums used to buy or sell shares of the Fund must be denominated in U.S. dollars. We may, in our sole discretion, either (a) reject any order to buy or sell shares denominated in any other currency or (b) honor the transaction or make adjustments to your account for the transaction as of a date and with a foreign currency exchange factor determined by the drawee bank. We may deduct any applicable banking charges imposed by the bank from your account.
When you buy shares, if you submit a check or a draft that is returned unpaid to the Fund we may impose a $10 charge against your account for each returned item.
If you buy shares through the reinvestment of dividends, the shares will be purchased at the net asset value determined on the business day following the dividend record date (sometimes known as the "ex-dividend date"). The processing date for the reinvestment of dividends may vary and does not affect the amount or value of the shares acquired.
Investment by asset allocators The Fund permits investment in the Fund by asset allocators (Asset Allocators) who represent underlying clients that have granted a power of attorney to the Asset Allocators to invest on their behalf. The Asset Allocators typically make asset allocation decisions across similarly situated underlying accounts that are invested in the Fund. As a result of adjustments in such asset allocation decisions, the Fund may experience relatively large purchases and redemptions when the Asset Allocators implement their asset allocation adjustment decisions. In such circumstances, the Fund may nevertheless restrict or reject trading activity by Asset Allocators in accordance with the Frequent Trading Policy of the Fund as set forth in the Funds Prospectus. Neither the Fund, nor its investment manager nor any other affiliated party receives any compensation or other consideration in return for permitting Fund investments by Asset Allocators.
Initial sales charges The maximum initial sales charge is 4.25% for Class A. There is no initial sales charge for Class C, Class R and Advisor Class.
The initial sales charge for Class A shares may be reduced for certain large purchases, as described in the prospectus. We offer several ways for you to combine your purchases in Franklin Templeton funds to take advantage of the lower sales charges for large purchases.
Letter of intent (LOI). You may buy Class A shares at a reduced sales charge by completing the LOI section of your account application. An LOI is a commitment by you to invest a specified dollar amount during a 13-month period. The amount you agree to invest determines the sales charge you pay. By completing the LOI section of the application, you acknowledge and agree to the following:
After you file your LOI with the Fund, you may buy Class A shares at the sales charge applicable to the amount specified in your LOI. Sales charge reductions based on purchases in more than one Franklin Templeton fund will be effective only after notification to Distributors that the investment qualifies for a discount. If you file your LOI with the Fund before a change in the Fund's sales charge, you may complete the LOI at the lower of the new sales charge or the sales charge in effect when the LOI was filed.
Your holdings in Franklin Templeton funds acquired before you filed your LOI will be counted towards the completion of the LOI.
If the terms of your LOI are met, the reserved shares will be deposited to an account in your name or delivered to you or as you direct.
If the amount of your total purchases is less than the amount specified in your LOI, the sales charge will be adjusted upward, depending on the actual amount purchased during the period. You will need to send Distributors an amount equal to the difference in the actual dollar amount of sales charge paid and the amount of sales charge that would have applied to the total purchases if the total of the purchases had been made at one time. Upon payment of this amount, the reserved shares held for your account will be deposited to an account in your name or delivered to you or as you direct. If within 20 days after written request the difference in sales charge is not paid, we will redeem an appropriate number of reserved shares to realize the difference. If you redeem the total amount in your account before you fulfill your LOI, we will deduct the additional sales charge due from the sale proceeds and forward the balance to you.
For LOIs filed on behalf of certain retirement plans, the level and any reduction in sales charge for these plans will be based on actual plan participation and the projected investments in Franklin Templeton funds under the LOI. These plans are not subject to the requirement to reserve 5% of the total intended purchase or to the policy on upward adjustments in sales charges described above, or to any penalty as a result of the early termination of a plan.
Waivers for investments from certain payments. Class A shares may be purchased without an initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) by investors who reinvest within 90 days:
If you paid a CDSC when you redeemed your Class A shares from a Franklin Templeton Investment Fund, a new CDSC will apply to your purchase of Fund shares and the CDSC holding period will begin again. We will, however, credit your Fund account with additional shares based on the CDSC you previously paid and the amount of the redemption proceeds that you reinvest.
If you immediately placed your redemption proceeds in a Franklin Templeton money fund, you may reinvest them as described above. The proceeds must be reinvested within 90 days from the date they are redeemed from the money fund.
Waivers for certain investors. The following investors or investments may qualify to buy Class A shares without an initial sales charge or CDSC due to anticipated economies in sales efforts and expenses, including:
Retirement plans. Provided that Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC is notified, Class A shares at NAV are available for:
A "Qualified Retirement Plan" is an employer sponsored pension or profit sharing plan that qualifies under section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, including 401(k), money purchase pension, profit sharing and defined benefit plans.
An "Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan" is a Qualified Retirement Plan, ERISA covered 403(b) and certain non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that operate in a similar manner to a Qualified Retirement Plan, such as 457 plans and executive deferred compensation arrangements, but not including employer sponsored IRAs.
A "Former DCS Plan" is an Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan that transferred participant level recordkeeping from the DCS Division of Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC to Great-West Retirement Services ® (GWRS) on November 2, 2007 and is a recordkeeping client of GWRS at the time of the rollover.
Sales in Taiwan. Under agreements with certain banks in Taiwan, Republic of China, the Fund's shares are available to these banks' trust accounts without a sales charge. The banks may charge service fees to their customers who participate in the trusts. A portion of these service fees may be paid to Distributors or one of its affiliates to help defray expenses of maintaining a service office in Taiwan, including expenses related to local literature fulfillment and communication facilities.
The Fund's Class A shares may be offered to investors in Taiwan through securities advisory firms known locally as Securities Investment Consulting Enterprises. In conformity with local business practices in Taiwan, Class A shares may be offered with the following schedule of sales charges:
Size of Purchase - U.S. Dollars | Sales Charge (%) |
Under $30,000 | 3.0 |
$30,000 but less than $100,000 | 2.0 |
$100,000 but less than $400,000 | 1.0 |
$400,000 or more | 0 |
Dealer and financial intermediary compensation Securities dealers may at times receive the entire sales charge. A securities dealer who receives 90% or more of the sales charge may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Financial institutions or their affiliated brokers may receive an agency transaction fee in the percentages indicated in the dealer compensation table in the Fund's prospectus.
Distributors may pay the following commissions to securities dealers who initiate and are responsible for purchases of Class A shares of $1 million or more: 1% (for funds with a maximum initial sales charge of 5.75%) and 0.75% (for funds with a maximum initial sales charge less than 5.75%) on sales of $1 million or more but less than $4 million, plus 0.50% on sales of $4 million or more but less than $50 million, plus 0.25% on sales of $50 million or more. Consistent with the provisions and limitations set forth in its Class A Rule 12b-1 distribution plan, the Fund may reimburse Distributors for the cost of these commission payments.
These payments may be made in the form of contingent advance payments, which may be recovered from the securities dealer or set off against other payments due to the dealer if shares are sold within 18 months of the calendar month of purchase. Other conditions may apply. Other terms and conditions may be imposed by an agreement between Distributors, or one of its affiliates, and the securities dealer.
In addition to the sales charge payments described above and the distribution and service (12b-1) fees described below under "The Underwriter - Distribution and service (12b-1) fees," Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates may make the following additional payments to securities dealers that sell shares of Franklin Templeton funds:
Marketing support payments. Distributors may make payments to certain dealers who are holders or dealers of record for accounts in one or more of the Franklin Templeton funds. A dealer's marketing support services may include business planning assistance, advertising, educating dealer personnel about the Franklin Templeton funds and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on the dealer's list of offered funds, and access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the dealer. Distributors compensates dealers differently depending upon, among other factors, sales and assets levels, redemption rates and the level and/or type of marketing and educational activities provided by the dealer. Such compensation may include financial assistance to dealers that enable Distributors to participate in and/or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events and other dealer-sponsored events. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine whether to continue such payments. In the case of any one dealer, marketing support payments will not exceed the sum of 0.08% of that dealer's current year's total sales of Franklin Templeton mutual funds and 0.05% (or 0.03%) of the total assets respectively, of equity or fixed income funds attributable to that dealer, on an annual basis.
Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates may also make marketing support payments to financial intermediaries in connection with their activities that are intended to assist in the sale of shares of Franklin Templeton funds, directly or indirectly, to certain Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans that have retained such financial intermediaries as plan service providers. Payments may be made on account of activities that may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: business planning assistance for financial intermediary personnel, educating financial intermediary personnel about the Franklin Templeton funds, access to sales meetings, sales representatives, wholesalers, and management representatives of the financial intermediary, and detailed sales reporting. A financial intermediary may perform the services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform the services. In the case of any one financial intermediary, such payments will not exceed 0.10% of the total assets of Franklin Templeton equity or fixed income mutual funds held, directly or indirectly, by such Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, on an annual basis. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine whether to continue such payments. Any current year sales to, or assets held on behalf of, Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans for which payment is made to a financial intermediary pursuant to this paragraph will be excluded from the calculation of marketing support payments pursuant to the preceding paragraph.
Consistent with the provisions and limitations set forth in its Rule 12b-1 distribution plans, the Fund may reimburse Distributors for the cost of a portion of these marketing support payments.
Marketing support payments may be in addition to any servicing fees paid by Investor Services and reimbursed by the Fund, as described further under Shareholder servicing and transfer agent above.
As noted below, Distributors may provide additional compensation to dealers and financial intermediaries, including dealers and financial intermediaries not listed below, related to transaction support and various dealer-sponsored events intended to educate financial advisers and their clients about the Franklin Templeton funds. The following is a list of FINRA member broker-dealers and financial intermediaries (including their respective affiliates) that Distributors anticipates will receive marketing support payments as of March 31, 2011. In addition to member firms of FINRA, Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates also makes marketing support and/or administrative services payments to certain other financial intermediaries that sell fund shares or provide services to Franklin Templeton funds and shareholders, such as banks, insurance companies, and plan administrators. These firms are not included in this list. You should ask your financial intermediary if it receives such payments.
ADP Retirement Services, American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc., American United Life Insurance Company, Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc., Ascensus, Inc., AXA Advisors, LLC, BBVA Compass Investment Solutions, Inc., Benjamin F. Edwards & Company, Inc., Cadaret Grant & Co., Inc., Cambridge Investment Research Inc., CCO Investment Services Corp., Chase Investment Services Corp., Commonwealth Financial Network, CPI Qualified Plan Consultants, Inc., CUNA Brokerage Services, Inc., CUSO Financial Services, L.P., Daily Access Corporation, Diversified Investment Advisors, Edward Jones, ExpertPlan, Inc., Fidelity Investments Institutional Services Company, Inc., Fifth Third Securities, Inc., Financial Network Investment Corporation, First Command Financial Planning, Inc., FSC Securities Corporation, Goldman, Sachs & Co., Great-West Retirement Services, Hartford Life, IFC Holdings, Inc. D/B/A INVEST Financial Corporation, ING Financial Partners, Inc., ING Institutional Plan Services, LLP, Investment Centers of America, Inc., J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc., Janney Montgomery Scott, LLC, John Hancock Distributors, LLC, Legend Equities Corporation, Lincoln Financial Advisors Corporation, Lincoln Financial Securities Corporation, Lincoln Investment Planning, Inc., Lincoln Retirement Services Company, LLC, LPL Financial Corporation, M&T Securities, Inc., Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, LLC, Multi-Financial Securities Corporation, National Planning Corporation, New York Life Retirement Plan Services, Newport Retirement Services, Inc., Northwestern Mutual Investment Services, LLC, PFS Investments, Inc., Pinellas County Schools, PNC Investments, LLC, PrimeVest Financial Services, Inc., Principal Financial Group, Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services, Inc., RBC Capital Markets Corporation, Richard D. Schubert, Inc., Robert W. Baird & Co., Inc., Royal Alliance Associates, Inc., SagePoint Financial, Inc., Securities America, Inc., Signator Investors, Inc., SII Investments, Inc., Sorrento Pacific Financial, LLC, Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, SunTrust Investment Services, Inc., TFS Securities, Inc., The Huntington Investment Company, The Investment Center, Inc., TIAA-CREF Individual & Institutional Services, LLC, Transamerica Advisors Life Insurance Company, UBS Financial Services, Inc., UBS Global Asset Management (US) Inc., UnionBanc Investment Services, LLC, U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc., USI Consulting Group, UVEST Financial Services Group, Inc. and Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC.
Marketing support payments made to organizations located outside the U.S., with respect to investments in the Fund by non-U.S. persons, may exceed the above-stated limitation.
Transaction support payments. The types of payments that Distributors may make under this category include, among others, payment of ticket charges of up to $20 per purchase or exchange order placed by a dealer or one time payments for ancillary services such as setting up funds on a dealer's mutual fund trading system.
Other payments. From time to time, Distributors, at its expense, may make additional payments to dealers that sell or arrange for the sale of shares of the Fund. Such compensation may include financial assistance to dealers that enable Distributors to participate in and/or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events, co-operative advertising, newsletters, and other dealer-sponsored events. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event, and can include travel expenses, such as lodging incurred by registered representatives and other employees in connection with training and educational meetings, client prospecting and due diligence trips.
Distributors routinely sponsors due diligence meetings for registered representatives during which they receive updates on various Franklin Templeton funds and are afforded the opportunity to speak with portfolio managers. Invitation to these meetings is not conditioned on selling a specific number of shares. Those who have shown an interest in Franklin Templeton funds, however, are more likely to be considered. To the extent permitted by their firm's policies and procedures, registered representatives' expenses in attending these meetings may be covered by Distributors.
Other compensation may be offered to the extent not prohibited by federal or state laws or any self-regulatory agency, such as FINRA. Distributors makes payments for events it deems appropriate, subject to Distributors' guidelines and applicable law.
You should ask your dealer for information about any payments it receives from Distributors and any services provided.
Contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) - Class A, B and C If you invest any amount in Class C shares or $1 million or more in Class A shares, either as a lump sum or through our cumulative quantity discount or letter of intent programs, a CDSC may apply on any Class A shares you sell within 18 months and any Class C shares you sell within 12 months of purchase. The CDSC is 1% for Class C and 0.75% for Class A of the value of the shares sold or the net asset value at the time of purchase, whichever is less.
For Class B shares, there is a CDSC if you sell your shares within six years, as described in the table below. The charge is based on the value of the shares sold or the net asset value at the time of purchase, whichever is less.
if you sell your Class B shares within
this many years after buying them |
this % is deducted from
your proceeds as a CDSC |
1 Year | 4 |
2 Years | 4 |
3 Years | 3 |
4 Years | 3 |
5 Years | 2 |
6 Years | 1 |
7 Years | 0 |
CDSC waivers. The CDSC for any share class generally will be waived for:
Exchange privilege If you request the exchange of the total value of your account, declared but unpaid income dividends and capital gain distributions will be reinvested in the Fund and exchanged into the new fund at net asset value when paid. Backup withholding and information reporting may apply.
If a substantial number of shareholders should, within a short period, sell their Fund shares under the exchange privilege, the Fund might have to sell portfolio securities it might otherwise hold and incur the additional costs related to such transactions. On the other hand, increased use of the exchange privilege may result in periodic large inflows of money. If this occurs, it is the Fund's general policy to initially invest this money in short-term, interest-bearing money market instruments, unless it is believed that attractive investment opportunities consistent with the Fund's investment goals exist immediately. This money will then be withdrawn from the short-term, interest-bearing money market instruments and invested in portfolio securities in as orderly a manner as is possible when attractive investment opportunities arise.
The proceeds from the sale of shares of an investment company generally are not available until the seventh day following the sale. The funds you are seeking to exchange into may delay issuing shares pursuant to an exchange until that seventh day. The sale of Fund shares to complete an exchange will be effected at net asset value at the close of business on the day the request for exchange is received in proper form.
In certain comprehensive fee or advisory programs that hold Class A shares, at the discretion of the financial intermediary, you may exchange to Advisor Class shares or Class Z shares.
Class C shares of a Fund may be exchanged for Advisor Class or Class Z shares of the same Fund, if offered by the Fund, provided you meet the Funds eligibility requirements for purchasing Advisor Class or Class Z shares. The Class C shares that you wish to exchange must not currently be subject to any CDSC.
Systematic withdrawal plan Our systematic withdrawal plan allows you to sell your shares and receive regular payments from your account on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual basis. The value of your account must be at least $5,000 and the minimum payment amount for each withdrawal must be at least $50. For retirement plans subject to mandatory distribution requirements, the $50 minimum will not apply. There are no service charges for establishing or maintaining a systematic withdrawal plan.
Each month in which a payment is scheduled, we will redeem an equivalent amount of shares in your account on the day of the month you have indicated on your account application or, if no day is indicated, on the 20th day of the month. If that day falls on a weekend or holiday, we will process the redemption on the next business day. For plans set up before June 1, 2000, we will continue to process redemptions on the 25th day of the month (or the next business day) unless you instruct us to change the processing date. Available processing dates currently are the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th days of the month. When you sell your shares under a systematic withdrawal plan, it is a taxable transaction.
To avoid paying sales charges on money you plan to withdraw within a short period of time, you may not want to set up a systematic withdrawal plan if you plan to buy shares on a regular basis. Shares sold under the plan also may be subject to a CDSC.
Redeeming shares through a systematic withdrawal plan may reduce or exhaust the shares in your account if payments exceed distributions received from the Fund. This is especially likely to occur if there is a market decline. If a withdrawal amount exceeds the value of your account, your account will be closed and the remaining balance in your account will be sent to you. Because the amount withdrawn under the plan may be more than your actual yield or income, part of the payment may be a return of your investment.
To discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan, change the amount and schedule of withdrawal payments, or suspend one payment, we must receive instructions from you at least three business days before a scheduled payment. The Fund may discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan by notifying you in writing and will discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan automatically if all shares in your account are withdrawn, if the Fund receives notification of the shareholder's death or incapacity, or if mail is returned to the Fund marked unable to forward by the postal service.
Redemptions in kind The Fund has committed itself to pay in cash (by check) all requests for redemption by any shareholder of record, limited in amount, however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the value of the Fund's net assets at the beginning of the 90-day period. This commitment is irrevocable without the prior approval of the SEC. In the case of redemption requests in excess of these amounts, the board reserves the right to make payments in whole or in part in securities or other assets of the Fund, in case of an emergency, or if the payment of such a redemption in cash would be detrimental to the existing shareholders of the Fund. In these circumstances, the securities distributed would be valued at the price used to compute the Fund's net assets and you may incur brokerage fees in converting the securities to cash. The Fund does not intend to redeem illiquid securities in kind. If this happens, however, you may not be able to recover your investment in a timely manner.
Share certificates We will credit your shares to your Fund account. We do not issue share certificates unless you specifically request them. This eliminates the costly problem of replacing lost, stolen or destroyed certificates. If a certificate is lost, stolen or destroyed, you may have to pay an insurance premium of up to 2% of the value of the certificate to replace it.
Any outstanding share certificates must be returned to the Fund if you want to sell or exchange those shares or if you would like to start a systematic withdrawal plan. The certificates should be properly endorsed. You can do this either by signing the back of the certificate or by completing a share assignment form. For your protection, you may prefer to complete a share assignment form and to send the certificate and assignment form in separate envelopes.
General information If dividend checks are returned to the Fund marked "unable to forward" by the postal service, we will consider this a request by you to change your dividend option to reinvest all distributions. The proceeds will be reinvested in additional shares at net asset value until we receive new instructions.
Distribution or redemption checks sent to you do not earn interest or any other income during the time the checks remain uncashed. Neither the Fund nor its affiliates will be liable for any loss caused by your failure to cash such checks. The Fund is not responsible for tracking down uncashed checks, unless a check is returned as undeliverable.
In most cases, if mail is returned as undeliverable we are required to take certain steps to try to find you free of charge. If these attempts are unsuccessful, however, we may deduct the costs of any additional efforts to find you from your account. These costs may include a percentage of the account when a search company charges a percentage fee in exchange for its location services.
Sending redemption proceeds by wire or electronic funds transfer (ACH) is a special service that we make available whenever possible. By offering this service to you, the Fund is not bound to meet any redemption request in less than the seven-day period prescribed by law. Neither the Fund nor its agents shall be liable to you or any other person if, for any reason, a redemption request by wire or ACH is not processed as described in the prospectus.
There are special procedures for banks and other institutions that wish to open multiple accounts. An institution may open a single master account by filing one application form with the Fund, signed by personnel authorized to act for the institution. Individual sub-accounts may be opened when the master account is opened by listing them on the application, or by providing instructions to the Fund at a later date. These sub-accounts may be registered either by name or number. The Fund's investment minimums apply to each sub-account. The Fund will send confirmation and account statements for the sub-accounts to the institution.
If you buy or sell shares through your securities dealer, we use the net asset value next calculated after your securities dealer receives your request, which is promptly transmitted to the Fund. If you sell shares through your securities dealer, it is your dealer's responsibility to transmit the order to the Fund in a timely fashion. Your redemption proceeds will not earn interest between the time we receive the order from your dealer and the time we receive any required documents. Any loss to you resulting from your dealer's failure to transmit your redemption order to the Fund in a timely fashion must be settled between you and your securities dealer.
Certain shareholder servicing agents may be authorized to accept your transaction request.
For institutional and bank trust accounts, there may be additional methods of buying or selling Fund shares than those described in this SAI or in the prospectus. Institutional and bank trust accounts include accounts opened by or in the name of a person (includes a legal entity or an individual) that has signed an Institutional Account Application or Bank Trust Account Application accepted by Franklin Templeton Institutional, LLC or entered into a selling agreement and/or servicing agreement with Distributors or Investor Services. For example, the Fund permits the owner of an institutional account to make a same day wire purchase if a good order purchase request is received (a) before the close of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or (b) through the National Securities Clearing Corporations automated system for processing purchase orders (Fund/SERV), even though funds are delivered by wire after the close of the NYSE. If funds to be wired are not received as scheduled, the purchase order may be cancelled or reversed and the institutional account owner could be liable for any losses or fees the Fund, Distributors and/or Investor Services may incur.
In the event of disputes involving conflicting claims of ownership or authority to control your shares, the Fund has the right (but has no obligation) to: (i) restrict the shares and require the written agreement of all persons deemed by the Fund to have a potential interest in the shares before executing instructions regarding the shares; or (ii) interplead disputed shares or the proceeds from the court-ordered sale thereof with a court of competent jurisdiction.
Should the Fund be required to defend against joint or multiple shareholders in any action relating to an ownership dispute, you expressly grant the Fund the right to obtain reimbursement for costs and expenses including, but not limited to, attorneys fees and court costs, by unilaterally redeeming shares from your account.
The Fund may be required (i) pursuant to a validly issued levy, to turn your shares over to a levying officer who may, in turn, sell your shares at a public sale; or (ii) pursuant to a final order of forfeiture to sell your shares and remit the proceeds to the U.S. or state government as directed.
Using good faith efforts, the investment manager attempts to identify class action litigation settlements and regulatory or governmental recovery funds involving securities presently or formerly held by the Fund or issuers of such securities or related parties (Claims) in which the Fund may be eligible to participate. When such Claims are identified, the investment manager will cause the Fund to file proofs of claim. Currently, such Claim opportunities predominate in the U.S. and in Canada; the investment managers efforts are therefore focused on Claim opportunities in those jurisdictions. The investment manager may learn of such class action lawsuit or victim fund recovery opportunities in jurisdictions outside of North America (Foreign Actions), in which case the investment manager has complete discretion to determine, on a case-by-case basis, whether to cause the Fund to file proofs of claim in such Foreign Actions. In addition, the investment manager may participate in bankruptcy proceedings relating to securities held by the Fund and join creditors committees on behalf of the Fund.
Further, the investment manager may on occasion initiate and/or recommend, and the board of trustees of the Fund may approve, pursuit of separate litigation against an issuer or related parties in connection with securities presently or formerly held by the Fund (whether by opting out of an existing class action lawsuit or otherwise).
Clients of financial advisors whose firms have a Selling Agreement with Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc., and who are eligible for the Financial Advisor Service Team (FAST) may be eligible for Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® which offers enhanced service and transaction capabilities. Please contact Shareholder Services at (800) 632-2301 for additional information on this program.
Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) acts as the principal underwriter in the continuous public offering of the Fund's shares. Distributors is located at One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906.
Distributors does not receive compensation from the Fund for acting as underwriter of the Fund's Advisor Class shares.
The table below shows the aggregate underwriting commissions Distributors received in connection with the offering of the Fund's Class A, B, C and R shares, the net underwriting discounts and commissions Distributors retained after allowances to dealers, and the amounts Distributors received in connection with redemptions or repurchases of shares for the last three fiscal years ended April 30:
Total
Commissions Received ($) |
Amount
Retained by Distributors ($) |
Amount
Received in Connection with Redemptions and Repurchases ($) |
|
2011 | 15,718,917 | 2,213,286 | 197,172 |
2010 | 12,136,451 | 1,675,908 | 184,001 |
2009 | 8,379,973 | 1,086,109 | 449,538 |
Distributors may be entitled to payments from the Fund under the Rule 12b-1 plans, as discussed below. Except as noted, Distributors received no other compensation from the Fund for acting as underwriter.
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees - Class A, B, C and R The board has adopted a separate plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 for each class. Although the plans differ in some ways for each class, each plan is designed to benefit the Fund and its shareholders. The plans are expected to, among other things, increase advertising of the Fund, encourage purchases of Fund shares and service to its shareholders, and increase or maintain assets of the Fund so that certain fixed expenses may be spread over a broader asset base, with a positive impact on per share expense ratios. In addition, a positive cash flow into the Fund is useful in managing the Fund because the investment manager has more flexibility in taking advantage of new investment opportunities and handling shareholder redemptions.
Under each plan, the Fund pays Distributors or others for the expenses of activities that are primarily intended to sell shares of the class. These expenses also may include service fees paid to securities dealers or others who have executed a servicing agreement with the Fund, Distributors or its affiliates and who provide service or account maintenance to shareholders (service fees); and the expenses of printing prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, of marketing support and of preparing and distributing sales literature and advertisements. Together, these expenses, including the service fees, are "eligible expenses." The 12b-1 fees charged to each class are based only on the fees attributable to that particular class. Because Class B is currently closed to new investors, the amounts paid by the Fund under its plan are primarily to pay for ongoing shareholder servicing and to pay Distributors in connection with the advancing of commissions to securities broker-dealers who sold Class B shares.
The Class A, B, C and R plans. The Fund may pay up to 0.25% per year of Class As average daily net assets. The Fund pays Distributors up to 0.65% per year of Class B and Class C's average daily net assets, out of which 0.15% may be paid for services to the shareholders (service fees). For Class R shares, the Fund pays Distributors up to 0.50% per year of the class's average daily net assets. The Class B, C and R plans also may be used to pay Distributors for advancing commissions to securities dealers with respect to the initial sale of Class B, C and R shares. Class B plan fees payable to Distributors are used by Distributors to pay for ongoing shareholder servicing and to pay Distributors in connection with the advancing of commissions to securities dealers who sold Class B shares.
The Class A plan is a reimbursement plan. It allows the Fund to reimburse Distributors for eligible expenses that Distributors has shown it has incurred. The Fund will not reimburse more than the maximum amount allowed under the plan.
The Class B, C and R plans are compensation plans. They allow the Fund to pay a fee to Distributors that may be more than the eligible expenses Distributors has incurred at the time of the payment. Distributors must, however, demonstrate to the board that it has spent or has near-term plans to spend the amount received on eligible expenses. The Fund will not pay more than the maximum amount allowed under the plans.
Under the Class A plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were:
($) | |
Advertising | 17,189 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 405 |
Payments to underwriters | 7,484 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 7,494,408 |
Other | |
Total | 7,519,486 |
Under the Class B plan, total payments to Distributors for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were $384,751. The eligible expenses Distributors had incurred to that date were :
($) | |
Advertising | |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | |
Payments to underwriters | |
Payments to broker-dealers | 88,013 |
Other | 296,151 |
Total | 384,164 |
Under the Class C plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were:
($) | |
Advertising | 174,404 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 4,006 |
Payments to underwriters | 71,011 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 7,607,014 |
Other | |
Total | 7,856,435 |
Under the Class R plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, were:
($) | |
Advertising | 4,195 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 94 |
Payments to underwriters | 2,659 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 1,061,952 |
Other | |
Total | 1,068,900 |
In addition to the payments that Distributors or others are entitled to under each plan, each plan also provides that to the extent the Fund, the investment manager or Distributors or other parties on behalf of the Fund, the investment manager or Distributors make payments that are deemed to be for the financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares within the context of Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant to the plan.
To the extent fees are for distribution or marketing functions, as distinguished from administrative servicing or agency transactions, certain banks may not participate in the plans because of applicable federal law prohibiting certain banks from engaging in the distribution of mutual fund shares. These banks, however, are allowed to receive fees under the plans for administrative servicing or for agency transactions.
Distributors must provide written reports to the board at least quarterly on the amounts and purpose of any payment made under the plans and any related agreements, and furnish the board with such other information as the board may reasonably request to enable it to make an informed determination of whether the plans should be continued.
Each plan has been approved according to the provisions of Rule 12b-1. The terms and provisions of each plan also are consistent with Rule 12b-1.
Performance quotations are subject to SEC rules. These rules require the use of standardized performance quotations or, alternatively, that every non-standardized performance quotation furnished by the Fund be accompanied by certain standardized performance information computed as required by the SEC. Average annual total return before taxes, average annual total return after taxes on distributions, average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of shares and current yield quotations used by the Fund are based on the standardized methods of computing performance mandated by the SEC. An explanation of these and other methods used by the Fund to compute or express performance follows. Regardless of the method used, past performance does not guarantee future results, and is an indication of the return to shareholders only for the limited historical period used.
Average annual total return before taxes Average annual total return before taxes is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
When considering the average annual total return before taxes quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return
n = number of years
ERV = ending redeemable value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period
Average annual total return after taxes on distributions Average annual total return after taxes on distributions is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value, after taxes on distributions. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions, less the taxes due on such distributions, are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees, but assumes that the redemption itself had no tax consequences. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
Taxes due on distributions are calculated by applying the highest individual marginal federal income tax rates in effect on the reinvestment date, using the rates that correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., the ordinary income rate for distributions of ordinary income and net short-term capital gains, and the long-term capital gain rate for distributions of net long-term capital gains). The taxable amount and tax character of a distribution may be adjusted to reflect any recharacterization of the distribution since its original date. Distributions are adjusted to reflect the federal tax impact the distribution would have on an individual taxpayer on the reinvestment date; for example, no taxes are assumed to be due on the portion of any distribution that would not result in federal income tax on an individual (e.g., tax-exempt interest or non-taxable returns of capital). The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, is taken into account in accordance with federal tax law. Any potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes) are disregarded, as are the effects of phaseouts of certain exemptions, deductions, and credits at various income levels, and the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax. Any redemptions of shares required to pay recurring fees charged to shareholder accounts are assumed to result in no additional taxes or tax credits.
The Funds sales literature and advertising commonly refer to this calculation as the Funds after-tax average annual total return (pre-liquidation). When considering the average annual total return after taxes on distributions quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return (after taxes on distributions)
n = number of years
ATV D = ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period, after taxes on fund distributions but not after taxes on redemption
Average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares Average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value, after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees, including taxes upon sale of fund shares. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
Taxes due on distributions are calculated by applying the highest individual marginal federal income tax rates in effect on the reinvestment date, using the rates that correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., the ordinary income rate for distributions of ordinary income and net short-term capital gains, and the long-term capital gain rate for distributions of net long-term capital gains). The taxable amount and tax character of a distribution may be adjusted to reflect any recharacterization of the distribution since its original date. Distributions are adjusted to reflect the federal tax impact the distribution would have on an individual taxpayer on the reinvestment date; for example, no taxes are assumed to be due on the portion of any distribution that would not result in federal income tax on an individual (e.g., tax-exempt interest or non-taxable returns of capital). The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, is taken into account in accordance with federal tax law. Any potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes) are disregarded, as are the effects of phaseouts of certain exemptions, deductions, and credits at various income levels, and the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax. Any redemptions of shares required to pay recurring fees charged to shareholder accounts are assumed to result in no additional taxes or tax credits.
The capital gain or loss upon redemption is calculated by subtracting the tax basis from the redemption proceeds, after deducting any nonrecurring charges assessed at the end of the period, subtracting capital gains taxes resulting from the redemption, or adding the tax benefit from capital losses resulting from the redemption. In determining the basis for a reinvested distribution, the distribution is included net of taxes assumed paid from the distribution, but not net of any sales loads imposed upon reinvestment. Tax basis is adjusted for any distributions representing returns of capital and any other tax basis adjustments that would apply to an individual taxpayer, as permitted by applicable federal law. The amount and character (e.g., short-term or long-term) of capital gain or loss upon redemption are separately determined for shares acquired through the initial investment and each subsequent purchase through reinvested distributions. Shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions are not assumed to have the same holding period as the initial investment. The tax character of such reinvestments is determined by the length of the period between reinvestment and the end of the measurement period in the case of reinvested distributions. Capital gains taxes (or the benefit resulting from tax losses) are calculated using the highest federal individual capital gains tax rate for gains of the appropriate character in effect on the redemption date and in accordance with federal law applicable on the redemption date. Shareholders are assumed to have sufficient capital gains of the same character from other investments to offset any capital losses from the redemption, so that the taxpayer may deduct the capital losses in full.
The Funds sales literature and advertising commonly refer to this calculation as the Funds after-tax average annual total return (post-liquidation). When considering the average annual total return after taxes on distributions quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return (after taxes on distributions and redemptions)
n = number of years
ATV DR = ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period, after taxes on fund distributions and redemption
Cumulative total return Like average annual total return, cumulative total return assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value, the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees. Cumulative total return, however, is based on the actual return for a specified period rather than on the average return.
Current yield Current yield shows the income per share earned by the Fund. It is calculated by dividing the net investment income per share earned during a 30-day base period by the applicable maximum offering price per share on the last day of the period and annualizing the result. Expenses accrued for the period include any fees charged to all shareholders of the class during the base period.
This SEC standardized yield reflects an estimated yield to maturity for each obligation held by the Fund which takes into account the current market value of the obligation and may reflect some judgments as to the ultimate realizable value of the obligation. This SEC standardized yield should be regarded as an estimate of the Fund's current rate of investment income, and it may not equal the Fund's actual income dividend distribution rate, the income paid to a shareholder's account or the income reported in the Fund's financial statements.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
a = dividends and interest earned during the period
b = expenses accrued for the period (net of reimbursements)
c = the average daily number of shares outstanding during the period that were entitled to receive dividends
d = the maximum offering price per share on the last day of the period
Current distribution rate Current yield, which is calculated according to a formula prescribed by the SEC, is not indicative of the amounts that were or will be paid to shareholders. Amounts paid to shareholders are reflected in the quoted current distribution rate. The current distribution rate is usually computed by annualizing the dividends paid per share by a class during a certain period and dividing that amount by the current maximum offering price. The current distribution rate differs from the current yield computation because it may include distributions to shareholders from sources other than dividends and interest, such as premium income from option writing and short-term capital gains, and is calculated over a different period of time.
Volatility Occasionally statistics may be used to show the Fund's volatility or risk. Measures of volatility or risk are generally used to compare the Fund's net asset value or performance to a market index. One measure of volatility is beta. Beta is the volatility of a fund relative to the total market, as represented by an index considered representative of the types of securities in which the fund invests. A beta of more than 1.00 indicates volatility greater than the market and a beta of less than 1.00 indicates volatility less than the market. Another measure of volatility or risk is standard deviation. Standard deviation is used to measure variability of net asset value or total return around an average over a specified period of time. The idea is that greater volatility means greater risk undertaken in achieving performance.
Other performance quotations The Fund also may quote the performance of Class A shares without a sales charge. Sales literature and advertising may quote a cumulative total return, average annual total return and other measures of performance with the substitution of net asset value for the public offering price.
Sales literature referring to the use of the Fund as a potential investment for IRAs, business retirement plans, and other tax-advantaged retirement plans may quote a total return based upon compounding of dividends on which it is presumed no federal income tax applies.
The Fund may include in its advertising or sales material information relating to investment goals and performance results of funds belonging to Franklin Templeton Investments. Resources is the parent company of the advisors and underwriter of Franklin Templeton funds.
The Fund may help you achieve various investment goals such as accumulating money for retirement, saving for a down payment on a home, college costs and other long-term goals. The Franklin College Savings Planner may help you in determining how much money must be invested on a monthly basis to have a projected amount available in the future to fund a child's college education. (Projected college cost estimates are based upon current costs published by the College Board.) The Franklin Retirement Savings Planner leads you through the steps to start a retirement savings program. Of course, an investment in the Fund cannot guarantee that these goals will be met.
The Fund is a member of Franklin Templeton Investments, one of the largest mutual fund organizations in the U.S., and may be considered in a program for diversification of assets. Founded in 1947, Franklin is one of the oldest mutual fund organizations and now services more than 2 million shareholder accounts. In 1992, Franklin, a leader in managing fixed-income mutual funds and an innovator in creating domestic equity funds, joined forces with Templeton, a pioneer in international investing. The Mutual Series team, known for its value-driven approach to domestic equity investing, became part of the organization four years later. In 2001, the Fiduciary Trust team, known for providing global investment management to institutions and high net worth clients worldwide, joined the organization. Together, Franklin Templeton Investments has, as of July 31, 2011, over $747 billion in assets under management for more than 4 million U.S. based mutual fund shareholder and other accounts. Franklin Templeton Investments offers 107 U.S. based open-end investment companies to the public. The Fund may identify itself by its NASDAQ symbol or CUSIP number.
Currently, there are more mutual funds than there are stocks listed on the NYSE. While many of them have similar investment goals, no two are exactly alike. Shares of the Fund are generally sold through securities dealers, whose investment representatives are experienced professionals who can offer advice on the type of investments suitable to your unique goals and needs, as well as the risks associated with such investments.
Corporate Obligation Ratings
Moody's
INVESTMENT GRADE
Aaa: Bonds rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa: Bonds rated Aa are judged to be high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A: Bonds rated A are considered upper medium-grade obligations and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa: Bonds rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk and are considered medium-grade obligations. As such they may have certain speculative characteristics.
BELOW INVESTMENT GRADE
Ba: Bonds rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B: Bonds rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa: Bonds rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca: Bonds rated Ca are considered highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C: Bonds rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default. They have little prospects for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
S&P ®
The issue rating definitions are expressions in terms of default risk. As such, they pertain to senior obligations of an entity. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy. (Such differentiation applies when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.) Accordingly, in the case of junior debt, the rating may not conform exactly with the category definition.
INVESTMENT GRADE
AAA: This is the highest rating assigned by S&P to a debt obligation. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA: Obligations rated AA differ from AAA issues only in a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A: Obligations rated A are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in the higher ratings categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB: Obligations rated BBB exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BELOW INVESTMENT GRADE
BB, B, CCC, CC, C: Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation. While these obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC: An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC: An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C: A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The C rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. The C rating is also assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is still making payments.
D: Obligations rated D are in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating is also used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or minus (-): The ratings from "AA" to "CCC" may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
r: This symbol is attached to the ratings of instruments with significant noncredit risks and highlights risks to principal or volatility of expected returns that are not addressed in the credit rating.
Short-Term Debt Ratings
Moody's
Moody's short-term debt ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs and to individual short-term debt instruments. These obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding 13 months, unless explicitly noted. Moody's employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated issuers:
P-1 (Prime-1): Issuers (or supporting institutions) so rated have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2 (Prime-2): Issuers (or supporting institutions) so rated have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3 (Prime-3): Issuers (or supporting institutions) so rated have an acceptable ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
S&P ®
S&P's ratings are a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days -- including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. The result is a dual rating, in which the short-term rating addresses the put feature, in addition to the usual long-term rating.
A-1: This designation indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2: Issues carrying this designation are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations carrying the higher designations. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3: Issues carrying this designation exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: Issues carrying this designation are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
C: Issues carrying this designation are currently vulnerable to nonpayment and are dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D: Issues carrying this designation are in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the due date even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES
FILE NOS. 033-39088 &
811-06243
FORM N-1A
PART C
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 28. Exhibits.
The following exhibits are incorporated by reference to the previously filed document indicated below, except as noted:
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(a) |
Agreement and Declaration of Trust |
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(i) |
Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Franklin Strategic Series, a Delaware statutory trust, dated April 11, 2007 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2007 |
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(b) |
By-Laws |
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(i) |
Second Amended and Restated By-Laws of Franklin Strategic Series, a Delaware statutory trust effective as of April 11, 2007 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2007 |
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(c) |
Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders |
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Not Applicable |
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(d) |
I nvestment Advisory Contracts |
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(i) |
Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund), and Franklin Natural Resources Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated February 24, 1992 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 2, 1995 |
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(ii) |
Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated May 24, 1994 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 2, 1995 |
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(iii) |
Amended and Restated Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund), and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated July 12, 1993 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 2, 1995 |
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(iv) |
Amendment dated August 1, 1995 to the Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund), and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated July 12, 1993 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 7, 1996 |
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(v) |
Amendment dated August 1, 1995 to the Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund), and Franklin Natural Resources Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated February 24, 1992 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 7, 1996 |
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(vi) |
Amendment dated August 1, 1995 to the Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated May 24, 1994 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 7, 1996 |
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(vii) |
Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated July 15, 1997 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 25, 1997 |
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(viii) |
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund), and Franklin Advisers, Inc. dated May 18, 1999 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 28, 1999 |
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(ix) |
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II), and Franklin Advisers, Inc. dated May 1, 2000 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 30, 2000 |
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(x) |
Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated December 13, 2007 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 |
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(xi) |
Addendum to Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant on behalf of Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 |
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(xii) |
Addendum to Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 |
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(xiii) |
Addendum to Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 |
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(xiv) |
Addendum to Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Natural Resources Fund and Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 |
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(e) |
Underwriting Contracts |
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(i) |
Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. dated October 31, 2000 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 29, 2001 |
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(ii) |
Forms of Selling Agreements between Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. and Securities Dealers dated May 1, 2010 |
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(f) |
Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts |
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Not Applicable |
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(g) |
Custodian Agreements |
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(i) |
Master Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The The Bank of New York Mellon Mellon dated February 16, 1996 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: March 14, 1996 |
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(ii) |
Amendment dated May 7, 1997 to Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and The The Bank of New York Mellon Mellon dated February 16, 1996 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: March 13, 1998 |
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(iii) |
Amendment dated February 27, 1998 to Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and The The Bank of New York Mellon Mellon dated February 16, 1996 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 30 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: December 23, 1998 |
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(iv) |
Amendment dated May 16, 2001, to Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and The The Bank of New York Mellon Mellon dated February 16, 1996 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No.43 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: December 20, 2001 |
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(v) |
Amendment dated January 14, 2011 to Exhibit A of the Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and The The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 |
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(vi) |
Amended and Restated Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between the Registrant and The The Bank of New York Mellon Mellon made as of May 16, 2001 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No.43 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: December 20, 2001 |
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(vii) |
Amendment to Schedule 1 dated January 14, 2011 of the Foreign Custody Manager Agreement |
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(viii) |
Amendment to Schedule 2 dated June 7, 2011 of the Foreign Custody Manager Agreement |
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(ix) |
Terminal Link Agreement between the Registrant and The The Bank of New York Mellon Mellon dated February 16, 1996 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: March 14, 1996 |
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(h) |
Other Material Contracts |
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(i) |
Subcontract for Fund Administrative Services between Franklin Templeton Services, LLC and Franklin Advisers, Inc. for the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund, Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund, Franklin Strategic Income Fund and Franklin Natural Resources Fund dated March 1, 2008 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 |
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(ii) |
Fund Administration Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund, and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC, dated January 1, 2001 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 29, 2001 |
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(iii) |
Fund Administration Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund), and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC, dated January 1, 2001 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 29, 2001 |
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(iv) |
Fund Administration Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II), and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC, dated January 1, 2001 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 29, 2001 |
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(v) |
Fund Administration Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC., dated December 13, 2007 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 |
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(vi) |
Special Servicing Agreement dated December 2, 2009 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 29, 2010 |
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(vii) |
Amended Annex II to Special Servicing Agreement dated May 1, 2010 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 29, 2010 |
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(i) |
Legal Opinion |
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(i) |
Opinion and consent of counsel dated March 8, 1999 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: March 11, 1999 |
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(j) |
Other Opinions |
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(i) |
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
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(k) |
Omitted Financial Statements |
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Not Applicable |
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(l) |
Initial Capital Agreements |
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(i) |
Letter of Understanding for Franklin California Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund) dated August 20, 1991 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 2, 1995 |
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(ii) |
Letter of Understanding for Franklin Natural Resources Fund dated June 5, 1995 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: December 5, 1995 |
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(iii) |
Letter of Understanding for Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund)-Class C dated August 30, 1996 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: March 13, 1998 |
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(iv) |
Letter of Understanding for Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund dated September 5, 1997 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: March 13, 1998 |
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(v) |
Letter of Understanding for Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund), dated June 22, 1999 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 28, 1999 |
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(vi) |
Letter of Understanding for Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II) dated April 28, 2000 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 30, 2000 |
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(m) |
Rule 12b-1 Plan |
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(i) |
Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: September 24, 2009 |
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(ii) |
Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: September 24, 2009 |
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(iii) |
Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of the Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: September 24, 2009 |
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(iv) |
Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of the Franklin Natural Resources Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: September 24, 2009 |
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(v) |
Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: September 24, 2009 |
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(vi) |
Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: September 24, 2009 |
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(vii) |
Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: September 24, 2009 |
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(viii) |
Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: September 24, 2009 |
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(ix) |
Class B Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund, Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund, Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund, Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated July 9, 2009 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 29, 2010 |
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(x) |
Class B Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated July 9, 2009 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 29, 2010 |
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(xi) |
Class C Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated July 9, 2009 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 29, 2010 |
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(xii) |
Class C Amended and Restated Distribution Plan between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund , Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund , Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, Franklin Natural Resources Fund, Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund, Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated July 9, 2009 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 29, 2010 |
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(xiii) |
Class R Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund, Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund, Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund, Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund and Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. dated July 9, 2009 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 29, 2010 |
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(n) |
Rule 18f-3 Plan |
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(i) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Natural Resources Fund dated February 28, 2005 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 29, 2006 |
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(ii) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Strategic Income Fund dated November 18, 2003 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: June 30, 2005 |
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(iii) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund), dated November 18, 2003 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: June 30, 2005 |
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(iv) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund dated March 16, 2004 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: June 30, 2005 |
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(v) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund dated November 18, 2003 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: June 30, 2005 |
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(vi) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund dated November 18, 2003 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: June 30, 2005 |
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(vii) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, dated December 13, 2007 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008
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(viii) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund dated May 19, 2009 |
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(p) |
Code of Ethics |
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(i) |
Code of Ethics dated May 2010 |
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(q) |
Power of Attorney |
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(i) |
Power of Attorney for Franklin Strategic Series dated July 15, 2010 |
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None
Item 30. Indemnification
The Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the "Declaration") provides that any person who is or was a Trustee, officer, employee or other agent, including the underwriter, of such Trust shall be liable to the Trust and its shareholders only for (1) any act or omission that constitutes a bad faith violation of the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing, or (2) the person's own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person (such conduct referred to herein as Disqualifying Conduct) and for nothing else. Except in these instances and to the fullest extent that limitations of liability of agents are permitted by the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (the "Delaware Act"), these Agents (as defined in the Declaration) shall not be responsible or liable for any act or omission of any other Agent of the Trust or any investment adviser or principal underwriter. Moreover, except and to the extent provided in these instances, none of these Agents, when acting in their respective capacity as such, shall be personally liable to any other person, other than such Trust or its shareholders, for any act, omission or obligation of the Trust or any trustee thereof.
The Trust shall indemnify, out of its property, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, any of the persons who was or is a party, or is threatened to be made a party to any Proceeding (as defined in the Declaration) because the person is or was an Agent of such Trust. These persons shall be indemnified against any Expenses (as defined in the Declaration), judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the Proceeding if the person acted in good faith or, in the case of a criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that the conduct was unlawful. The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not in itself create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith or that the person had reasonable cause to believe that the person's conduct was unlawful. There shall nonetheless be no indemnification for a person's own Disqualifying Conduct.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to Trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Trust pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Trust has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Trust of expenses incurred or paid by a Trustee, officer or controlling person of the Trust in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such Trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with securities being registered, the Trust may be required, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, to submit to a court or appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser
a) Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers)
The officers and directors of Franklin Advisers, Inc. also serve as officers and/or directors for (1) Advisers' corporate parent, Franklin Resources, Inc., and/or (2) other investment companies in Franklin Templeton Investments. For additional information please see Part B and Schedules A and D of Form ADV of Advisers (SEC File 801-26292) incorporated herein by reference, which sets forth the officers and directors of Advisers and information as to any business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by those officers and directors during the past two years.
a) Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors), also acts as principal underwriter of shares of:
Franklin California Tax-Free Income Fund
Franklin California Tax-Free Trust
Franklin Custodian Funds
Franklin Federal Tax-Free Income Fund
Franklin Global Trust
Franklin Gold and Precious Metals Fund
Franklin High Income Trust
Franklin Investors Securities Trust
Franklin Managed Trust
Franklin Money Fund
Franklin Mutual Recovery Fund
Franklin Mutual Series Funds
Franklin Municipal Securities Trust
Franklin New York Tax-Free Income Fund
Franklin New York Tax-Free Trust
Franklin Real Estate Securities Trust
Franklin Strategic Mortgage Portfolio
Franklin Tax-Exempt Money Fund
Franklin Tax-Free Trust
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series
Franklin Templeton Global Trust
Franklin Templeton International Trust
Franklin Templeton Money Fund Trust
Franklin Templeton Variable Insurance Products Trust
Franklin Value Investors Trust
Institutional Fiduciary Trust
Templeton China World Fund
Templeton Developing Markets Trust
Templeton Funds
Templeton Global Investment Trust
Templeton Global Opportunities Trust
Templeton Global Smaller Companies Fund
Templeton Growth Fund, Inc.
Templeton Income Trust
Templeton Institutional Funds
b) The information required with respect to each director and officer of Distributors is incorporated by reference to Part B of this N-1A and Schedule A of Form BD filed by Distributors with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities Act of 1934 (SEC File No. 8-5889).
c) Not Applicable. Registrant's principal underwriter is an affiliated person of an affiliated person of the Registrant.
Item 33 Location of Accounts and Records
The accounts, books or other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 are kept by the Registrant at One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo CA 94403-1906 or its shareholder services agent, Franklin Templeton Investor Services LLC both of whose address is 3344 Quality Drive, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313.
Item 34 Management Services
There are no management-related service contracts not discussed in Part A or Part B.
Item 35 Undertakings
Not Applicable
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of San Mateo and the State of California, on the 25th day of August, 2011.
Franklin Strategic Series
(Registrant)
*By: /s/ David P. Goss_______
David P. Goss
Vice President
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
By: _/s/ David P. Goss
David P. Goss
Attorney-in-Fact
(Pursuant to Power of Attorney filed herewith)
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
EXHIBITS INDEX
EXHIBIT NO. |
DESCRIPTION |
LOCATION |
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EX-99.(a)(i) |
Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated April 11, 2007 |
* |
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EX-99.(b)(i) |
Second Amended And restated By-Laws |
* |
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EX-99.(d)(i) |
Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund), and Franklin Natural Resources Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated February 24, 1992 |
* |
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EX-99.(d)(ii) |
Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated May 24, 1994 |
* |
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EX-99.(d)(iii) |
Amended and Restated Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin California Growth Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated July 12, 1993 |
* |
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EX-99.(d)(iv) |
Amendment dated August 1, 1995 to the Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund), and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated July 12, 1993 |
* |
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EX-99.(d)(v) |
Amendment dated August 1, 1995 to the Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund), and Franklin Natural Resources Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated February 24, 1992 |
* |
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EX-99.(d)(vi) |
Amendment dated August 1, 1995 to the Management Agreement between the Registrant on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated May 24, 1994 |
* |
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EX-99.(d)(vii) |
Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated July 15, 1997 |
* |
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EX-99.(d)(viii) |
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund, Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc. dated May 18, 1999 |
* |
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EX-99.(d) (ix) |
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II), and Franklin Advisers, Inc. dated May 1, 2000 |
* |
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EX-99.(d) (x) |
Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated December 13, 2007 |
* |
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EX-99.(d)(xi) |
Addendum to Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 |
* |
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EX-99(d)(xii) |
Addendum to Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 |
* |
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EX-99(d)(xiii) |
Addendum to Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 |
* |
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EX-99(d)(xiv) |
Addendum to Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Natural Resources Fund, and Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 |
* |
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EX-99.(e)(i) |
Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement between the Registrant on behalf of Franklin Strategic Series, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated October 31, 2000 |
* |
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EX-99.(e)(ii) |
Forms of Selling Agreements between Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., and Securities Dealers dated May 1, 2010 |
Attached |
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EX-99.(g)(i) |
Master Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 |
* |
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EX-99.(g)(ii) |
Amendment dated May 7, 1997 to Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 |
* |
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EX-99.(g)(iii) |
Amendment dated February 27, 1998 to Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 |
* |
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EX-99.(g)(iv) |
Amendment dated May 16, 2001, to Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 |
* |
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EX-99.(g)(v) |
Amendment dated January 14, 2011, to Exhibit A of the Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and the The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 |
Attached |
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EX-99.(g)(vi) |
Amended and Restated Foreign Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon made as of May 16, 2001 |
* |
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EX-99.(g)(vii) |
Amendment to Schedule 1 dated January 14, 2011, of the Foreign Custody Manager Agreement |
Attached |
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EX-99.(g)(viii) |
Amendment to Schedule 2 dated June 7, 2011, of the Foreign Custody Manager Agreement |
Attached |
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EX-99.(g)(ix) |
Terminal Link Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 |
* |
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EX-99.(h)(i) |
Subcontract for Fund Administrative Services dated March 1, 2008 between Franklin Advisers, Inc. and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC |
* |
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EX-99.(h)(ii) |
Fund Administration Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund, and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC, dated January 1, 2001 |
* |
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EX-99.(h)(iii) |
Fund Administration Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Aggressive Growth Fund, and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC, dated January 1, 2001 |
* |
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EX-99.(h)(iv) |
Fund Administration Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II), and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC, dated January 1, 2001 |
* |
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EX-99.(h) (v) |
Fund Administration Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC., dated December 13, 2007 |
* |
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EX-99.(h) (vi) |
Special Servicing Agreement dated December 2, 2009 |
* |
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EX-99. (h) (vii) |
Amended Annex II to Special Servicing Agreement dated May 1, 2010 |
* |
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EX-99.(j)(i) |
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
Attached |
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EX-99.(l)(i) |
Letter of Understanding for Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund dated August 20, 1991 |
* |
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EX-99.(l)(ii) |
Letter of Understanding for Franklin Natural Resources Fund dated June 5, 1995 |
* |
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EX-99.(l)(iii) |
Letter of Understanding for Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund) – Class C dated August 30, 1996 |
* |
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EX-99.(l)(iv) |
Letter of Understanding for Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund dated September 5, 1997 |
* |
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EX-99.(l)(v) |
Letter of Understanding for Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund) dated June 22, 1999 |
* |
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EX-99.(l)(vi) |
Letter of Understanding for Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II) dated April 28, 2000 |
* |
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EX-99.(m)(i) |
Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 |
* |
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EX-99.(m)(ii) |
Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 |
* |
EX-99.(m)(iii) |
Class A Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of the Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009` |
* |
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EX-99.(m)(iv) |
Class A Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of the Franklin Natural Resources Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 |
* |
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EX-99.(m)(v) |
Class A Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of the Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 |
* |
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EX-99.(m)(vi) |
Class A Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of the Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 |
* |
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EX-99.(m)(vii) |
Class A Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 |
* |
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EX-99.(m)(viii) |
Class A Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, dated February 1, 2009 |
* |
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EX-99.(m)(ix) |
Class B Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund, Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund, Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund, Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated July 9, 2009 |
* |
|
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EX-99.(m)(x) |
Class B Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated July 9, 2009 |
* |
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EX-99.(m)(xi) |
Class C Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated July 9, 2009 |
* |
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EX-99.(m)(xii) |
Class C Amended and Restated Distribution Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, Plan between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund, Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund, Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, Franklin Natural Resources Fund, Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund, (Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated July 9, 2009 |
* |
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EX-99.(m)(xiv) |
Class R Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated July 9, 2009 |
* |
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EX-99.(n)(i) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Natural Resources Fund dated February 28, 2005 |
* |
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EX-99.(n)(ii) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Strategic Income Fund dated November 18, 2003 |
* |
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EX-99.(n)(iii) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund) dated November 18, 2003 |
* |
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EX-99.(n)(iv) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund dated March 16, 2004 |
* |
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EX-99.(n)(v) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund dated November 18, 2003 |
* |
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EX-99.(n)(vi) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund dated November 18, 2003 |
* |
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EX-99.(n)(vii) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, dated December 13, 2007 |
* |
|
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EX-99.(n)(viii) |
Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund dated May 19, 2009 |
Attached |
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EX-99.(p)(i) |
Code of Ethics dated May 1, 2010 |
Attached |
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EX-99.(q)(i) |
Power of Attorney dated July 15, 2010 |
Attached |
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Selling Agreement
May 1, 2010
Dear Securities Dealer:
Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (“we” or “us”) invites you to participate in the distribution of shares of the Franklin Templeton investment companies (the “Funds”) for which we now or in the future serve as principal underwriter, subject to the terms of this Agreement. We will notify you from time to time of the Funds that are eligible for distribution and the terms of compensation under this Agreement. This Agreement supersedes any prior dealer or selling agreements between us, as stated in Section 21, below.
1. Licensing.
(a) ‑You represent that you are (i) a broker or dealer validly registered with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and a member in good standing of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and are presently licensed to the extent necessary by the appropriate regulatory agency of each jurisdiction in which you will offer and sell shares of the Funds, or (ii) a broker, dealer or other company licensed, registered or otherwise qualified to effect transactions in securities in a country (a “foreign country”) other than the United States of America (the “U.S.”) where you will offer or sell shares of the Funds. You agree that termination or suspension of such membership with FINRA, or of your license to do business by any regulatory agency having jurisdiction, at any time shall terminate or suspend this Agreement forthwith and shall require you to notify us in writing of such action. If you are not a member of FINRA but are a broker, dealer or other company subject to the laws of a foreign country, you agree to conform to the Conduct Rules of FINRA. This Agreement is in all respects subject to the Conduct Rules of FINRA, particularly Conduct Rule 2830 of FINRA, which shall control any provision to the contrary in this Agreement.
(b) ‑You agree to notify us immediately in writing if at any time you are not a member in good standing of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”).
2. Sales of Fund Shares. You may offer and sell shares of each Fund and class of each Fund only at the public offering price which shall be applicable to, and in effect at the time of, each transaction. The procedures relating to all orders and the handling of them shall be subject to the terms of the applicable then current prospectus and statement of additional information (hereafter, the “Prospectus”) and new account application, including amendments, for each such Fund and each class of such Fund, and our written instructions from time to time. This Agreement is not exclusive, and either party may enter into similar agreements with third parties.
3. Duties of Dealer. You agree:
(a) ‑Except as otherwise provided herein, to act as principal, or as agent on behalf of your customers, in all transactions in shares of the Funds. Except as otherwise provided, you shall not have any authority to act as agent for the issuer (the Funds), for the Principal Underwriter, or for any other dealer in any respect, nor will you represent to any third party that you have such authority or are acting in such capacity.
(b) ‑To purchase shares of the Funds only from us or from your customers.
(c) ‑To enter orders for the purchase of shares of the Funds only from us and only for the purpose of covering purchase orders you have already received from your customers or for your own bona fide investment.
(d) ‑To maintain records of all sales, redemptions and repurchases of shares made through you and to furnish us with copies of such records on request.
(e) ‑To distribute Prospectuses and reports to your customers in compliance with applicable legal requirements, except to the extent that we expressly undertake to do so on your behalf.
(f) ‑That you will not withhold placing customers’ orders for shares so as to profit yourself as a result of such withholding or place orders for shares in amounts just below the point at which sales charges are reduced so as to benefit from a higher sales charge applicable to an amount below the breakpoint.
(g) ‑That if any shares confirmed to you or your customer hereunder are repurchased or redeemed by any of the Funds within seven (7) business days after such confirmation of the original order, you shall forthwith refund to us the full concession, allowed to you on such orders, including any payments we made to you from our own resources as provided in Section 6(b) hereof with respect to such orders. We shall notify you of such repurchase or redemption within a reasonable time after settlement. Termination or suspension of this Agreement shall not relieve you or us from the requirements of this subsection.
(h) ‑That if payment for the shares purchased is not received within the time customary or the time required by law for such payment, the sale may be canceled without notice or demand and without any responsibility or liability on our part or on the part of the Funds, or at our option, we may sell the shares which you ordered back to the Funds, in which latter case we may hold you responsible for any loss to the Funds or loss of profit suffered by us resulting from your failure to make payment as aforesaid. We shall have no liability for any check or other item returned unpaid to you after you have paid us on behalf of a purchaser. We may refuse to liquidate the investment unless we receive the purchaser’s signed authorization for the liquidation.
(i) ‑That you shall assume responsibility for any loss to the Funds caused by a correction made subsequent to trade date, provided such correction was not based on any error, omission or negligence on our part, and that you will immediately pay such loss to the Funds upon notification.
(j) ‑That if on a redemption which you have ordered, instructions in proper form, including outstanding certificates, are not received within the time customary or the time required by law, the redemption may be canceled forthwith without any responsibility or liability on our part or on the part of any Fund, or at our option, we may buy the shares redeemed on behalf of the Fund, in which latter case we may hold you responsible for any loss to the Fund or loss of profit suffered by us resulting from your failure to settle the redemption.
(k) ‑To obtain from your customers all consents required by applicable privacy laws (1) to permit us, any of our affiliates or the Funds to provide you either directly or through a service established for that purpose with confirmations, account statements and other information about your customers’ investments in the Funds and (2) to permit you and your registered representatives, agents, independent contractors and/or employees to transmit and receive confidential information concerning such customers to or from us and through our websites at franklintempleton.com, AdvisorCentral.com, dstvision.com and such other URL(s) through which we may permit you to conduct business concerning the Funds from time to time (referred to collectively as the “Sites”).
(l) ‑That orders for the purchase of Fund shares shall be placed by you only for customers for whom you have appropriate identification as required by applicable anti-money laundering laws or policies in your jurisdiction.
(m) ‑To the extent you are a “financial intermediary” with respect to the Funds, as that term is defined in Appendix A and Rule 22c-2 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), to comply with the additional terms and conditions set forth on Appendix A.
4. Duties of Dealer: Retirement Accounts. In connection with orders for the purchase of shares on behalf of an individual retirement account, self-employed retirement plan or other retirement accounts, by mail, telephone, wire or through the Sites you shall act as agent for the custodian or trustee of such plans and you shall not place such an order until you have received from your customer payment for such purchase and, if such purchase represents the first contribution to such a plan, the completed documents necessary to establish the plan and enrollment in the plan. You agree to indemnify us and Franklin Templeton Bank & Trust, F.S.B. and/or Fiduciary Trust International of the South as applicable for any claim, loss, or liability resulting from incorrect investment instructions received from you which cause a tax liability or other tax penalty.
5. Conditional Orders; Certificates. We will not accept from you any conditional orders for shares of any of the Funds. Delivery of certificates or confirmations for shares purchased shall be made by the Funds only against constructive receipt of the purchase price, subject to deduction for your concession and our portion of the sales charge, if any, on such sale. No certificates for shares of the Funds will be issued unless specifically requested.
6. Dealer Compensation.
(a) ‑On each purchase of shares by you from us, the total sales charges and your dealer concessions shall be as stated in each Fund’s then current Prospectus, subject to FINRA rules and applicable laws. Such sales charges and dealer concessions are subject to reductions under a variety of circumstances as described in the Funds’ Prospectuses. For an investor to obtain these reductions, we must be notified at the time of the sale that the sale qualifies for the reduced charge. If you fail to notify us of the applicability of a reduction in the sales charge at the time the trade is placed, neither we nor any of the Funds will be liable for amounts necessary to reimburse any investor for the reduction which should have been effected.
(b) ‑In accordance with the Funds’ Prospectuses, we or our affiliates may, but are not obligated to, make payments to you from our own resources as compensation for certain sales which are made at net asset value (“Qualifying Sales”). If you notify us of a Qualifying Sale, we may make a contingent advance payment up to the maximum amount available for payment on the sale. If any of the shares purchased in a Qualifying Sale are repurchased or redeemed within twelve (12) months of the month of purchase, we shall be entitled to recover any advance payment attributable to the repurchased or redeemed shares by reducing any account payable or other monetary obligation we may owe to you or by making demand upon you for repayment in cash. We reserve the right to withhold advances to you, if for any reason we believe that we may not be able to recover unearned advances from you. Termination or suspension of this Agreement shall not relieve you or us from the requirements of this subsection.
(c) ‑You agree to waive payment of any dealer concessions payable to you by us until such time as we are in receipt of such dealer concessions.
7. Redemptions or Repurchases. Redemptions or repurchases of shares of the Funds will be made at the net asset value of such shares, less any applicable deferred sales or redemption charges, in accordance with the applicable Prospectuses of the Funds. Except as permitted by applicable law, you agree not to purchase any shares from your customers at a price lower than the net asset value of such shares next computed by the Funds after the purchase is made by you (the “Redemption/Repurchase Price”). You shall, however, be permitted to sell shares of the Funds for the account of the record owner to the Funds at the Redemption/Repurchase Price for such shares.
8. Exchanges. Exchange orders will be effective only for uncertificated shares or for which share certificates have been previously deposited and may be subject to any fees or other restrictions set forth in the applicable Prospectuses. Exchanges from a Fund sold with no sales charge to a Fund which carries a sales charge, and exchanges from a Fund sold with a sales charge to a Fund which carries a higher sales charge may be subject to a sales charge in accordance with the terms of the applicable Fund’s Prospectus. You will be obligated to comply with any additional exchange policies described in the applicable Fund’s Prospectus, including without limitation any policy restricting or prohibiting excessive and/or short term trading activity, the collection of redemption fees associated with such trading activity and the prohibition of “market timing,” as defined in the Prospectus.
9. Transaction Processing. All orders are subject to acceptance by us and by the Fund or its transfer agent, and become effective only upon confirmation by us. If required by law, each transaction shall be confirmed in writing on a fully disclosed basis and if confirmed by us, a copy of each confirmation shall be sent to you if you so request. All sales are made subject to receipt of shares by us from the Funds. We reserve the right in our discretion, without notice, to suspend the sale of shares of the Funds or withdraw the offering of shares of the Funds entirely. Orders will be effected at the price(s) next computed on the day they are received if, as set forth in the applicable Fund’s current Prospectus, the orders are received by us or an agent appointed by us or the Fund prior to the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange, generally 4:00 p.m. eastern time (“Close of Trading”). Orders received after that time will be effected at the price(s) computed on the next business day. All orders must be accompanied by payment in U.S. Dollars. Orders payable by check must be drawn payable in U.S. Dollars on a U.S. bank, for the full amount of the investment.
If you have entered into a FundSERV Agreement with us to effect transactions in Fund shares through FundSERV, you are hereby authorized to act on our behalf for the limited purpose of receiving purchase, exchange and redemption orders for Fund shares executed through FundSERV. You represent and warrant that all orders for the purchase, exchange or redemption of Fund shares transmitted to FundSERV for processing on or as of a given business day (Day 1) shall have been received by you prior to the Close of Trading on Day 1. Such orders shall receive the share price next calculated following the Close of Trading on Day 1 .You represent and warrant that orders received by you after the Close of Trading on Day 1 shall be treated by you and transmitted to FundSERV as if received on the next business day (Day 2). Such orders shall receive the share price next calculated following the Close of Trading on Day 2. You represent that you have systems in place reasonably designed to prevent orders received after the Close of Trading on Day 1 from being executed with orders received before the Close of Trading on Day 1.
10. Multiple Classes. We may from time to time provide to you written compliance guidelines or standards relating to the sale or distribution of Funds offering multiple classes of shares (each, a “Class”) with different sales charges and distribution related operating expenses. In addition, you will be bound by any applicable rules or regulations of government agencies or self-regulatory organizations generally affecting the sale or distribution of shares of investment companies offering multiple classes of shares.
11. Rule 12b-1 Plans. You are invited to participate in all distribution plans (each, a “Plan”) adopted for a Class of a Fund or for a Fund that has only a single Class (each, a “Plan Class”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
To the extent you provide administrative and other services, including, but not limited to, furnishing personal and other services and assistance to your customers who own shares of a Plan Class, answering routine inquiries regarding a Fund or Class, assisting in changing account designations and addresses, maintaining such accounts or such other services as a Fund may require, to the extent permitted by applicable statutes, rules, or regulations, we shall pay you a Rule 12b-1 servicing fee. To the extent that you participate in the distribution of Fund shares that are eligible for a Rule 12b-1 distribution fee, we shall also pay you a Rule 12b-1distribution fee. All Rule 12b-1 servicing and distribution fees shall be based on the value of shares attributable to customers of your firm and eligible for such payment, and shall be calculated on the basis and at the rates set forth in the compensation schedule then in effect for the applicable Plan (the “Schedule”). Without prior approval by a majority of the outstanding shares of a particular Class of a Fund which has a Plan, the aggregate annual fees paid to you pursuant to such Plan shall not exceed the amounts stated as the “annual maximums” in such Plan Class’ Prospectus, which amount shall be a specified percent of the value of such Plan Class’ net assets held in your customers’ accounts which are eligible for payment pursuant to this Agreement (determined in the same manner as such Plan Class uses to compute its net assets as set forth in its effective Prospectus).
You shall furnish us and each Fund that has a Plan Class (each, a “Plan Fund”) with such information as shall reasonably be requested by the Board of Directors, Trustees or Managing General Partners (hereinafter referred to as “Directors”) of such Plan Fund with respect to the fees paid to you pursuant to the Schedule of such Plan Fund. We shall furnish to the Directors of the Plan Funds, for their review on a quarterly basis, a written report of the amounts expended under the Plans and the purposes for which such expenditures were made.
Each Plan and the provisions of any agreement relating to such Plan must be approved annually by a vote of the Directors of the Fund that has such Plan, including such persons who are not interested persons of such Plan Fund and who have no financial interest in such Plan or any related agreement (“Rule 12b-1 Directors”). Each Plan or the provisions of this Agreement relating to such Plan may be terminated at any time by the vote of a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Directors, or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Class that has such Plan, on sixty (60) days’ written notice, without payment of any penalty. A Plan or the provisions of this Agreement may also be terminated by any act that terminates the underwriting agreement between us and the Fund that has such Plan, and/or the management or administration agreement between Franklin Advisers, Inc. or Templeton Investment Counsel, LLC or their affiliates and such Plan Fund. In the event of the termination of a Plan for any reason, the provisions of this Agreement relating to such Plan will also terminate.
Continuation of a Plan and provisions of this Agreement relating to such Plan are conditioned on Rule 12b-1 Directors being ultimately responsible for selecting and nominating any new Rule 12b-1 Directors. Under Rule 12b-1, Directors of any of the Plan Funds have a duty to request and evaluate, and persons who are party to any agreement related to a Plan have a duty to furnish, such information as may reasonably be necessary to an informed determination of whether the Plan or any agreement should be implemented or continued. Under Rule 12b-1, a Plan Fund is permitted to implement or continue a Plan or the provisions of this Agreement relating to such Plan from year to year only if, based on certain legal considerations, the Directors of such Plan Fund are able to conclude that such Plan will benefit the Plan Class. Absent such yearly determination, such Plan and the provisions of this Agreement relating to such Plan must be terminated as set forth above. In addition, any obligation assumed by a Fund pursuant to this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the assets of such Fund and no person shall seek satisfaction thereof from shareholders of a Fund. You agree to waive payment of any amounts payable to you by us under a Fund’s Plan until such time as we are in receipt of such fee from the Fund.
The provisions of the Plans between the Plan Funds and us shall have control over the provisions of this Agreement in the event of any inconsistency.
12. Registration of Shares.
Upon
request, we shall notify you of the states or other jurisdictions in which each
Fund’s shares are currently noticed, registered or qualified for offer or sale
to the public. We shall have no obligation to make notice filings of, register
or qualify, or to maintain notice filings of, registration of or qualification
of, Fund shares in any particular state or other jurisdiction.
We shall have no responsibility, under the laws regulating the sale of
securities in any U.S. or foreign jurisdiction, for the registration,
qualification or licensed status of persons offering or selling Fund shares or
for the manner of offering or sale of Fund shares. If it is necessary to file
notice of, register or qualify Fund shares in any foreign jurisdictions in
which you intend to offer the shares of any Funds, it will be your
responsibility to arrange for and to pay the costs of such notice filing,
registration or qualification; prior to any such notice filing, registration or
qualification, you will notify us of your intent and of any limitations that
might be imposed on the Funds, and you agree not to proceed with such notice
filing, registration or qualification without the written consent of the
applicable Funds and of ourselves. Except as stated in this section, we shall
not, in any event, be liable or responsible for the issue, form, validity,
enforceability and value of such shares or for any matter in connection
therewith, and no obligation not expressly assumed by us in this Agreement
shall be implied. Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to be a condition,
stipulation or provision binding any person acquiring any security to waive
compliance with any provision of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
“1933 Act”), the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”),
the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations of the SEC, or any applicable laws or
regulations of any government or authorized agency in the U.S. or any other
country having jurisdiction over the offer or sale of shares of the Funds, or
to relieve the parties hereto from any liability arising under such laws, rules
and regulations.
13. Continuously Offered Closed-End Funds. This Section 13 relates solely to shares of Funds that represent a beneficial interest in shares issued by a fund that is a closed-end investment company registered under the 1940 Act that makes a continuous offering of its shares, for which we or an affiliate of ours serve as principal underwriter, and that periodically repurchases its shares (each, a “Trust”). Shares of a Trust that are offered to the public will be registered under the 1933 Act, and are expected to be offered during an offering period that may continue indefinitely (“Continuous Offering Period”). There is no guarantee that such a continuous offering will be maintained by a Trust. The Continuous Offering Period, shares of a Trust and certain of the terms on which such shares are offered shall be as described in the Prospectus of the Trust.
As set forth in a Trust’s then current Prospectus, we may, but are not obligated to, provide you with appropriate compensation for selling shares of the Trust. In addition, you may be entitled to a fee for servicing your clients who are shareholders in a Trust, subject to applicable law and FINRA Conduct Rules. You agree that any repurchases of shares of a Trust that were originally purchased as Qualifying Sales shall be subject to Subsection 6(b) hereof.
You expressly acknowledge and understand that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement:
(a) ‑No Trust has a Rule 12b-1 Plan and in no event will a Trust pay, or have any obligation to pay, any compensation directly or indirectly to you.
(b) ‑Shares of a Trust will not be repurchased by either the Trust (other than through repurchase offers by the Trust from time to time, if any) or by us and no secondary market for such shares exists currently, or is expected to develop. Any representation as to a repurchase or tender offer by a Trust, other than that set forth in the Trust’s then current Prospectus, notification letters, reports or other related material provided by the Trust, is expressly prohibited.
(c) ‑An early withdrawal charge payable by shareholders of a Trust to us may be imposed on shares accepted for repurchase by the Trust that have been held for less than a stated period, as set forth in the Trust’s then current Prospectus.
(d) ‑In the event your customer cancels his or her order for shares of a Trust after confirmation, such shares will not be repurchased, remarketed or otherwise disposed of by or through us.
14. Fund Information. You are not authorized to give any information or make any representations concerning shares of a Fund except those contained in the Fund’s then current Prospectus, Summary Prospectus, Statement of Additional Information or in other materials produced by us or by the Fund nor may you present or create any information or materials that are contrary to or inconsistent with the materials so provided to you. We will supply reasonable quantities of, and/or reasonable electronic access to, Prospectuses (and/or any applicable Summary Prospectuses), sales or other marketing materials, and additional information as issued by the Fund or by us. We will not be responsible for reimbursing you for any costs or expenses you may incur for accessing or printing such materials. You are not authorized to modify or translate any materials we have provided to you.
You agree, represent and warrant that you are solely responsible for any materials prepared by you that are based upon information concerning shares of a Fund produced by us or the Fund and that such materials will (a) conform to all requirements of any applicable laws or regulations of any government or authorized agency in the U.S. or any other country having jurisdiction over the offering or sale of shares of the Funds, (b) not be contrary to or inconsistent with the information or materials provided to you by us or a Fund, and (c) be made available to us upon request. You agree to file any advertising or sales material relating to the Funds prepared by you with FINRA, or other applicable legal or regulatory authority, within the timeframes that may be required from time to time by FINRA or such other legal or regulatory authority. Unless otherwise expressly agreed to in writing, it is understood that we will neither review nor approve for use any materials prepared by you and will have no involvement in the preparation of, or responsibility for, any such materials prepared by you. Notwithstanding the above, you may not use our Franklin Templeton Investments name or logo in materials prepared by you without our prior written consent.
15. Use of Site.
Each of
your registered representatives, agents, independent contractors and employees
will have access to the Sites as provided herein, (a) upon registration by such
individual on a Site (including providing certain data and codes identifying
you),
(b) if you cause an MOS Site Access Request Form (an “Access Form”) to be
signed by your authorized supervisory personnel and submitted to us, as a
Schedule to, and legally a part of, this Agreement, or (c) if you provide such
individual with the necessary access codes or other information necessary to
access the Sites through any generic or firm-wide authorization we may grant
you from time to time. Upon receipt by us of a completed registration submitted
by an individual through the Sites or a signed Access Form referencing such
individual, we shall be entitled to rely upon the representations contained
therein as if you had made them directly hereunder and we will issue a user
identification, express number and/or password (collectively, “Access Code”).
Any person to whom we issue an Access Code or to whom you provide the necessary
Access Codes or other information necessary to access the Sites through any
generic or firm-wide authorization we may grant you from time to time shall be
an “Authorized User.” We shall be entitled to assume that such person validly
represents you and that all instructions received from such person are
authorized, in which case such person will have access to the Site, including
all services and information to which you are authorized to access on the Site.
All inquiries and transactions initiated by you (including your Authorized
Users) are your responsibility, are at your risk and are subject to our review
and approval (which could cause a delay in processing).You agree that we do not
have a duty to question information or instructions you (including Authorized
Users) give to us under this Agreement, and that we are entitled to treat as
authorized, and act upon, any such instructions and information you submit to
us. You agree to take all reasonable measures to prevent any individual other
than an Authorized User from obtaining access to the Site. You agree to inform
us if you wish to restrict or revoke the access of any individual Access Code.
If you become aware of any loss or theft or unauthorized use of any Access
Code, you agree to contact us immediately. You also agree to monitor your
(including Authorized Users’) use of the Site to ensure the terms of this
Agreement are followed. You acknowledge that the Sites are transmitted over the
Internet on a reasonable efforts basis and we do not warrant or guarantee their
accuracy, timeliness, completeness, reliability or non-infringement. Moreover,
you acknowledge that the Sites are provided for informational purposes only,
and are not intended to comply with any requirements established by any
regulatory or governmental agency.
16. Dealer Representation. You represent and warrant that you will comply with all applicable U.S. federal, state and local laws and regulations in performing your obligations hereunder. Without limiting the foregoing, you agree that in recommending to a customer the purchase, sale or exchange of any shares, or class of shares, of a Fund, you shall have reasonable grounds for believing that the recommendation is suitable for such customer. You also agree that you will comply with all policies and agreements concerning Site usage, including without limitation the Terms of Use Agreement(s) posted on the Sites (“Site Terms”), as may be revised and reposted on the Sites from time to time, and those Site Terms (as in effect from time to time) are a part of this Agreement.
17. Indemnification; Defense of Claims; Attorneys’ Fees. You agree to indemnify and hold harmless us and the Funds, as well as our and the Funds’ respective officers, directors and employees (collectively, “indemnitees”), from any and all actual and/or alleged losses, claims, liabilities and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) (collectively “Losses”) arising from or as the result of (1) any actual or alleged violation of any statute or regulation (including without limitation U.S. and state securities laws and regulations and consumer protection laws, as well as the laws of any foreign country where you offer or sell shares of the Funds) and/or any actual or alleged violation of common law (including without limitation all tort and/or contract claims), which in any way relate to any offer, sale, redemption, transfer or exchange of shares of the Funds (including any actual and/or alleged mishandling of the transaction and/or misappropriation of the proceeds in connection therewith) by you and/or by or through any of your officers, directors, employees, independent contractors or agents, (2) the breach by you or any of your officers, directors, employees, independent contractors or agents of any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement and/or (3) any use, including unauthorized access obtained through you, of the Sites by you or your officers, directors, employees or agents, provided, however, that an Indemnitee shall not be entitled to indemnification hereunder to the extent the actual and proximate cause of any such Losses is attributed to such Indemnitee’s own negligence, willful misconduct or breach.
In addition, you agree that in the event that the Indemnitees are named in any legal proceedings (including, but not limited to lawsuits filed in court and statements of claim filed in an arbitration forum) which involve claims and/or liabilities that are the subject of this indemnification agreement, we and the Fund(s) may, following notice to you, retain attorneys of our choice to represent us and/or the Fund(s) in such legal proceedings at your expense, and you will promptly reimburse us and/or the Fund(s) for the attorneys’ fees and expenses incurred in connection with the defense of any such legal proceedings. This Section 17 shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
18. Termination; Succession; Assignment; Amendment. Each party to this Agreement may terminate its participation in this Agreement by giving written notice to the other parties. Such notice shall be deemed to have been given and to be effective on the date on which it was either delivered personally to the other parties or any officer or member thereof, or was mailed postpaid or delivered by electronic transmission to the other parties’ chief legal officers at the addresses shown herein or the address listed with FINRA. This Agreement shall terminate immediately upon the appointment of a Trustee under the Securities Investor Protection Act or any other act of insolvency by you. The termination of this Agreement by any of the foregoing means shall have no effect upon transactions entered into prior to the effective date of termination. A trade placed by you subsequent to your voluntary termination of this Agreement will not serve to reinstate the Agreement. Reinstatement, except in the case of a temporary suspension of a dealer, will be effective only upon written notification by us to you. This Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment by us. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the word “assignment” shall have the meaning given to it in the 1940 Act. This Agreement may not be assigned by you without our prior written consent. This Agreement may be amended by us at any time by written notice to you at the address given below (or such other address as specified in writing by you) or the address listed with FINRA and your placing of an order for shares of a Fund or acceptance of payments of any kind after the effective date and receipt of notice of any such Amendment shall constitute your acceptance of such Amendment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Site Terms may be separately amended as provided therein and as so amended and in effect from time to time shall be a part of this Agreement.
19. Privacy; Anti-Money Laundering .
(a) ‑Each party to this Agreement agrees to limit the disclosure of nonpublic personal information of shareholders and customers consistent with its policies on privacy with respect to such information and Regulation S-P of the SEC. Each party hereby agrees that it will comply with all applicable requirements under the regulations implementing Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and any other applicable federal and state consumer privacy acts, rules and regulations. Each party further represents that it has in place, and agrees that it will maintain, information security policies and procedures for protecting nonpublic personal customer information adequate to conform to applicable legal requirements.
(b) ‑Each party to this Agreement acknowledges that it is a financial institution subject to the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, the Bank Secrecy Act and their corresponding implementing regulations (collectively, the “AML Laws”), which require, among other things, that financial institutions adopt compliance programs to guard against money laundering. Each party represents and warrants that it has established policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and prevent money laundering and to comply with the AML Laws, including FINRA Rule 3011, in all relevant aspects. Each party agrees that it will take such further steps and cooperate with the other party as may be reasonably necessary to facilitate compliance with the AML Laws. Each party also certifies that it complies with the economic sanction programs administered by the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control.
20. Setoff; Dispute Resolution. Should any of your concession accounts with us have a debit balance, we may offset and recover the amount owed to us or the Funds from any other account you have with us, without notice or demand to you. In the event of a dispute concerning any provision of this Agreement, either party may require the dispute to be submitted to binding arbitration under the commercial arbitration rules of FINRA or the American Arbitration Association. Judgment upon any arbitration award may be entered by any court having jurisdiction. This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California, not including any provision that would require the general application of the law of another jurisdiction.
21. Acceptance; Cumulative Effect. This Agreement is cumulative and supersedes any similar agreement previously in effect. It shall be binding upon the parties hereto when signed by us and accepted by you. If you have a current dealer or selling agreement with us, your first trade or acceptance of payments from us after your receipt of this Agreement, as it may be amended pursuant to Section 18, above, shall constitute your acceptance of its terms. Otherwise, your signature below shall constitute your acceptance of its terms.
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON DISTRIBUTORS, INC.
By _______________________________________
Peter D. Jones, President
One Franklin Parkway
San Mateo, CA 94403-1906
Attention: Chief Legal Officer (for legal notices only)
(650) 312-2000
100 Fountain Parkway
St. Petersburg, Florida 33716-1205
(727) 299-8712
DEALER: If you have not previously signed a dealer or selling agreement with us, please complete and sign this section and return the original to us.
Dealer Name
Date
By:
(Signature)
Name Title
Address City State ZIP
NASD CRD # Telephone
( )
(Internal Use Only)
Franklin Templeton dealer number
Appendix A - Additional Terms and Conditions Regarding Rule 22c-2
To the extent you are a “financial intermediary” with respect to the Funds, you agree as follows:
1.1 Agreement to Provide Information. You agree to provide Distributors, upon written request, the taxpayer identification number (“TIN”) of any or all Shareholder(s) of the account and the amount, date, name or other identifier of any investment professional(s) associated with the Shareholder(s) or account (if known), and transaction type (purchase, redemption, transfer, or exchange) of every purchase, redemption, transfer, or exchange of Fund Shares held through an account maintained by you during the period covered by the request.
‑ 1.1.1 Period Covered by Request. Requests must set forth a specific period, not to exceed ninety (90) days from the date of the request, for which transaction information is sought. Distributors may request transaction information older than ninety (90) days from the date of the request as it deems necessary to investigate compliance with policies established by it for the purpose of eliminating or reducing any dilution of the value of the outstanding Shares issued by the Funds.
‑ 1.1.2 Form and timing of Response. You agree to transmit the requested information that is on your books and records to Distributors or its designee promptly, but in any event not later than five (5) business days, after receipt of a request. If the requested information is not on your books and records, you agree to: (i) provide or arrange to provide Distributors or its designee the requested information regarding Shareholders who hold an account with an indirect intermediary; or (ii) prohibit further purchases of Fund Shares by such indirect intermediary on behalf of itself or other persons. Responses required by this paragraph must be communicated in writing and in a format mutually agreed upon by the parties. To the extent practicable, the format for any transaction information provided to Distributors should be consistent with the NSCC Standardized Data Reporting Format.
‑ 1.1.3 Limitations on Use of Information. Distributors agrees not to use the information received for marketing or any other similar purpose without your prior written consent.
1.2 Agreement to Restrict Trading. You agree to execute written instructions from Distributors or its designee to restrict or prohibit further purchases or exchanges of Shares by a Shareholder who has been identified by Distributors or its designee as having engaged in transactions in Shares (directly or indirectly through an account established by you) that violate policies established by the Funds for the purpose of eliminating or reducing any dilution of the value of the outstanding Shares issued by the Funds.
‑ 1.2.1 Form of Instructions. Instructions must include the TIN and the specific restriction(s) to be executed. If the TIN is not known, the instructions must include an equivalent identifying number of the Shareholder(s) or account(s) or other agreed upon information to which the instruction relates.
‑ 1.2.2 Timing of Response. You agree to execute instructions as soon as reasonably practicable, but not later than five (5) business days after your receipt of the instructions.
‑ 1.2.3 Confirmation. You must provide written confirmation to Distributors or its designee that instructions have been executed. You agree to provide confirmation as soon as reasonably practicable, but not later than ten (10) business days after the instructions have been executed.
1.3 Excepted Funds. These terms and conditions shall not apply to any “excepted fund” as defined in Section 1.4.
1.4 Definitions
“Distributors” means Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc.
“Funds” or a “Fund” means certain registered investment companies, and separate series of such companies, for which Distributors serves as the principal underwriter.
“Financial Intermediary” means:
(i) ‑any broker, dealer, bank, or other person that holds securities issued by a Fund, in nominee name;
‑(ii) ‑a unit investment trust or fund that invests in a Fund in reliance on section 12(d)(l)(E) of the 1940 Act (15 U.S.C. 80a-12(d)(l)(E)); and
‑(iii) ‑in the case of a participant-directed employee benefit plan that owns the securities issued by a Fund, a retirement plan's administrator under section 3(16)(A) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1002 (16)(A)) or any person that maintains the plan's participant records.
‑Notwithstanding the above, “financial intermediary” does not include any person that the Fund treats as an individual investor with respect to the Fund's policies established for the purpose of eliminating or reducing any dilution of the value of the outstanding securities issued by the Fund.
“Excepted Fund” means:
‑(i) ‑any Fund that is regulated as a money market fund under Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act;
‑(ii) ‑any Fund that issues securities that are listed on a national securities exchange; and
‑(iii) ‑any Fund that affirmatively permits short-term trading of its securities, if its prospectus clearly and prominently discloses that the Fund permits short-term trading of its securities and that such trading may result in additional costs for the Fund.
“Shareholder” means:
‑(i) ‑a beneficial owner of securities held in nominee name;
‑(ii) ‑a participant in a participant-directed employee benefit plan;
‑(iii) ‑a holder of interests in a fund or unit investment trust that has invested in a Fund in reliance on section 12(d)(l)(E) of the 1940 Act; and
‑(iv) ‑a holder of interests in a variable annuity or variable life insurance contract issued by a financial intermediary and for which one or more Funds serve as underlying investments.
‑“Shareholder” does not include a fund investing pursuant to section 12(d)(l)(G) of the 1940 Act, a trust established pursuant to section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. 529), or a holder of an interest in such a trust.
“Shares” means the interests of Fund Shareholders corresponding to the redeemable securities of record issued by the Fund under the 1940 Act that are held by a financial intermediary.
BANK
Selling Agreement
May 1, 2010
1. Introduction. The parties to this Agreement are the undersigned bank or trust company (“Bank”) and Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (“FTDI”). This Agreement sets forth the terms and conditions under which FTDI will execute purchases and redemptions of shares of the Franklin or Templeton investment companies or series of such investment companies for which FTDI now or in the future serves as principal underwriter (each, a “Fund”), at the request of Bank upon the order and for the account of Bank’s customers (“Customers”). In this Agreement, “Customer” shall include the beneficial owners of an account and any agent or attorney in fact duly authorized or appointed to act on the owner’s behalf with respect to the account; and “redemptions” shall include redemptions of shares of Funds that are open-end management investment companies and repurchases of shares of Funds that are closed-end investment companies by the Fund that is the issuer of such shares. FTDI will notify Bank from time to time of the Funds that are eligible for distribution and the terms of compensation under this Agreement. This Agreement is not exclusive, and either party may enter into similar agreements with third parties.
2. Representations and Warranties of Bank. Bank warrants and represents to FTDI and the Funds that:
(a) ‑Bank is a “bank” as defined in section 3(a)(6) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”);
(b) ‑Bank is authorized to enter into this Agreement as agent for Customers, and Bank’s performance of its obligations and receipt of consideration under this Agreement will not violate any law, regulation, charter, agreement or regulatory restriction to which Bank is subject;
(c) ‑Bank has received all regulatory agency approvals and taken all legal and other steps necessary for offering the services Bank will provide to Customers and receiving any applicable compensation in connection with this Agreement; and
(d) ‑Bank will comply with all applicable U.S. federal, state and local laws and regulations in performing its obligations hereunder. Without limiting the foregoing, Bank agrees that in recommending to a customer the purchase, sale or exchange of any shares, or class of shares, of a Fund, Bank shall have reasonable grounds for believing that the recommendation is suitable for such customer. Bank also agrees that it will comply with all policies and agreements concerning Site (as defined in Paragraph 4(b)(4) below) usage, including, without limitation, the Terms of Use Agreement(s) posted on the Sites (“Site Terms”) as may be revised and reposted on the Sites from time to time, and those Site Terms (as in effect from time to time) are part of this Agreement.
3. Representations and Warranties of the Principal Underwriter. FTDI warrants and represents to Bank that:
(a) FTDI is a broker/dealer registered under the 1934 Act; and
(b) FTDI is the principal underwriter of the Funds.
4. Covenants of Bank.
(a) For each purchase, redemption or exchange transaction under this Agreement (each, a “Transaction”), Bank will:
1) be authorized to engage in the Transaction;
2) except as otherwise provided herein, act as agent for Customer, unless Bank is the Customer;
3) act solely for the account of Customer, unless Bank is the Customer;
4) not submit an order unless Bank has already received the order from Customer, unless Bank is the Customer;
5) ‑not withhold placing any Customer’s order for the purpose of profiting from the delay or place orders for Fund shares in amounts just below the point at which sales charges are reduced so as to benefit from a higher Fee (as defined in Paragraph 5(e) below) applicable to a Transaction in an amount below the breakpoint;
6) ‑have no beneficial ownership of the securities in any purchase Transaction (Customer will have the full beneficial ownership), unless Bank is the Customer (in which case, Bank will not engage in the Transaction unless the Transaction is legally permissible for Bank);
7) ‑not accept or withhold any Fee (as defined in Paragraph 5(e) of this Agreement) otherwise allowed under Paragraphs 5(d) and (e) of this Agreement, if prohibited by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or trust or similar laws to which Bank is subject, in the case of Transactions of Fund shares involving retirement plans, trusts, or similar accounts;
8) ‑maintain records of all Transactions of Fund shares made through Bank and furnish FTDI with copies of such records upon request; and
9) ‑distribute Prospectuses, statements of additional information and reports to Customers in compliance with applicable legal requirements, except to the extent that FTDI expressly undertakes to do so on behalf of Bank.
(b) While this Agreement is in effect, Bank will:
1) ‑not purchase any Fund shares from any person at a price lower than the redemption or repurchase price, as applicable, next determined by the applicable Fund;
2) ‑repay FTDI the full Fee received by Bank under Paragraphs 5(d) and (e) of this Agreement, and any payments FTDI or its affiliates made to Bank from their own resources under Paragraph 5(e) of this Agreement (“FTDI Payments”), for any Fund shares purchased under this Agreement which are redeemed or repurchased by the Fund within seven (7) business days after the purchase; in turn, FTDI shall pay to the Fund the amount repaid by Bank (other than any portion of such repayment that is a repayment of FTDI Payments) and will notify Bank of any such redemption within a reasonable time (termination or suspension of this Agreement shall not relieve Bank or FTDI from the requirements of this subparagraph);
3) ‑in connection with orders for the purchase of Fund shares on behalf of an individual retirement account, self employed retirement plan or other retirement accounts, by mail, telephone, wire or through the Sites, act as agent for the custodian or trustee of such plans and shall not place such an order until Bank has received from its Customer payment for such purchase and, if such purchase represents the first contribution to such a plan, the completed documents necessary to establish the plan and enrollment in the plan (Bank agrees to indemnify FTDI and Franklin Templeton Bank & Trust, F.S.B. and/or Fiduciary Trust International of the South, as applicable, for any claim, loss, or liability resulting from incorrect investment instructions received from Bank which cause a tax liability or other tax penalty);
4) ‑obtain from its Customers any consents required by applicable federal and/or state privacy laws to (a) permit FTDI, any of its affiliates or the Funds to provide Bank with confirmations, account statements and other information about Customers’ investments in the Funds, and (b) permit Bank and its registered representatives, agents, independent contractors and/or employees to transmit and receive confidential information concerning such Customers to or from FTDI and through its websites at franklintempleton.com, AdvisorCentral.com, dstvision.com and such other URL(s) through which FTDI may permit Bank to conduct business concerning the Funds from time to time (referred to collectively as the “Sites”);
5) ‑place orders for the purchase of Fund shares by Bank only for Customers for whom Bank has appropriate identification as required by applicable anti-money laundering laws or policies in Bank’s jurisdiction; and
6) ‑to the extent Bank is a “financial intermediary” with respect to the Funds, as that term is defined in Appendix A and Rule 22c-2 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), comply with the additional terms and conditions set forth in Appendix A.
5. Terms and Conditions for Transactions.
(a) ‑Price Purchase orders for Fund shares received from Bank will be accepted only at the public offering price and in compliance with procedures applicable to each purchase order as set forth in the then current prospectus and statement of additional information (hereinafter, collectively, “Prospectus”) for the applicable Fund. All purchase orders must be accompanied by payment in U.S. Dollars. Orders payable by check must be drawn payable in U.S. Dollars on a U.S. bank, for the full amount of the investment. All sales are made subject to receipt of shares by FTDI from the Funds. FTDI reserves the right in its discretion, without notice, to suspend the sale of shares or withdraw the offering of shares entirely.
(b) ‑ Orders and Confirmations Except as otherwise provided, Bank shall not have any authority to act as agent for the Funds, FTDI, or any other dealer in any respect, nor will Bank represent to any third party that it has such authority or is acting in such capacity. All orders are subject to acceptance or rejection by FTDI and by the Fund or its transfer agent at their sole discretion, and become effective only upon confirmation by one of them. Transaction orders shall be made using the procedures and forms provided by FTDI from time to time. Orders will be effected at the price(s) next computed on the day they are received if, as set forth in the applicable Fund’s current Prospectus, the orders are received by FTDI or an agent appointed by FTDI or the Funds prior to the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange, generally 4:00 p.m. eastern time (“Close of Trading”). Orders received after that time will be effected at the price determined on the next business day. No order will be accepted unless Bank or Customer shall have provided FTDI with Customer’s full name, address and other information normally required by FTDI to open a customer account, and FTDI shall be entitled to rely on the accuracy of the information provided by Bank. A written confirming statement will be sent to the shareholder of record upon settlement of each Transaction.
‑If Bank has entered into a FundSERV Agreement with FTDI to effect Transactions in Fund shares through FundSERV, Bank is hereby authorized to act on FTDI’s behalf for the limited purpose of receiving purchase, exchange and redemption orders for Fund shares executed through FundSERV. Bank represents and warrants that all orders for the purchase, exchange or redemption of Fund shares transmitted to FundSERV for processing on or as of a given business day (Day 1) shall have been received by Bank prior to the Close of Trading on Day 1. Such orders shall receive the share price next calculated following the Close of Trading on Day 1. Bank represents and warrants that orders received by Bank after the Close of Trading on Day 1 shall be treated by Bank and transmitted to FundSERV as if received on the next business day (Day 2). Such orders shall receive the share price next calculated following the Close of Trading on Day 2. Bank represents that it has systems in place reasonably designed to prevent orders received after the Close of Trading on Day 1 from being executed with orders received before the Close of Trading on Day 1.
(c) ‑ Multiple Class Guidelines FTDI may from time to time provide to Bank written compliance guidelines or standards relating to the sale or distribution of Funds offering multiple classes of shares (each, a “Class”) with different sales charges and distribution related operating expenses. Bank will comply with FTDI’s written compliance guidelines and standards, as well as with any applicable rules or regulations of government agencies or self regulatory organizations generally affecting the sale or distribution of investment companies offering multiple classes of shares, whether or not Bank deems itself otherwise subject to such rules or regulations.
(d) ‑
Payments by Bank for
Purchases
On
the settlement date for each purchase, Bank shall either (i) remit the full
purchase price by wire transfer to an account designated by FTDI, or (ii)
following FTDI’s procedures, wire the purchase price less the Fee allowed by
Paragraph 5(e) of this Agreement. Twice monthly, FTDI will pay Bank Fees not
previously paid to or withheld
by Bank. Each calendar month, FTDI, as applicable, will prepare and mail an
activity statement summarizing all Transactions.
(e) ‑ Fees and Payments Where permitted by the Prospectus for a Fund, a charge, concession, or fee (each of the foregoing forms of compensation, a “Fee”) may be paid to Bank, related to services provided by Bank in connection with Transactions in shares of such Fund. The amount of the Fee, if any, is set by the relevant Prospectus. Adjustments in the Fee are available for certain purchases, and Bank is solely responsible for notifying FTDI when any purchase or redemption order is qualified for such an adjustment. If Bank fails to notify FTDI of the applicability of a reduction in the sales charge at the time the trade is placed, neither FTDI nor any of the Funds will be liable for amounts necessary to reimburse any Customer for the reduction which should have been effected.
‑In accordance with the Funds’ Prospectuses, FTDI or its affiliates may, but are not obligated to, make payments from their own resources to Bank as compensation for certain sales that are made at net asset value (“Qualifying Sales”). If Bank notifies FTDI of a Qualifying Sale, FTDI may make a contingent advance payment up to the maximum amount available for payment on the sale. If any of the shares purchased in a Qualifying Sale are redeemed or repurchased within twelve (12) months of the month of purchase, FTDI shall be entitled to recover any advance payment attributable to the redeemed or repurchased shares by reducing any account payable or other monetary obligation FTDI may owe to Bank or by making demand upon Bank for repayment in cash. FTDI reserves the right to withhold any one or more advances, if for any reason FTDI believes that FTDI may not be able to recover unearned advances. Termination or suspension of this Agreement does not relieve Bank from the requirements of this paragraph. Bank agrees to waive payment of any amounts of dealer concessions payable to Bank by FTDI until such time as FTDI is in receipt of such dealer concessions.
(f) ‑ Rule 12b-1 Plans Bank is also invited to participate in all distribution plans (each, a “Plan”) adopted for a Class of a Fund or for a Fund that has only a single Class (each, a “Plan Class”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).
‑To the extent Bank provides administrative and other services, including, but not limited to, furnishing personal and other services and assistance to Customers who own shares of a Plan Class, answering routine inquiries regarding a Fund or Class, assisting in changing account designations and addresses, maintaining such accounts or such other services as a Fund may require, to the extent permitted by applicable statutes, rules, or regulations, FTDI shall pay Bank a Rule 12b-1 servicing fee. To the extent that Bank participates in the distribution of Fund shares that are eligible for a Rule 12b-1 distribution fee, FTDI shall also pay Bank a Rule 12b-1 distribution fee. All Rule 12b-1 servicing and distribution fees shall be based on the value of shares attributable to Customers and eligible for such payment, and shall be calculated on the basis and at the rates set forth in the compensation schedule then in effect for the applicable Plan (the “Schedule”). Without prior approval by a majority of the outstanding shares of a particular Class of a Fund, the aggregate annual fees paid to Bank pursuant to such Plan shall not exceed the amounts stated as the “annual maximums” in such Plan Class’ Prospectus, which amount shall be a specified percent of the value of such Plan Class’ net assets held in Customers’ accounts which are eligible for payment pursuant to this Agreement (determined in the same manner as such Plan Class uses to compute its net assets, as set forth in its effective Prospectus).
‑Bank shall furnish FTDI and each Fund that has a Plan Class (each, a “Plan Fund”) with such information as shall reasonably be requested by the Board of Directors, Trustees or Managing General Partners (hereinafter referred to as “Directors”) of such Plan Fund with respect to the fees paid to Bank pursuant to the Schedule of such Plan Fund. FTDI shall furnish to the Directors of the Plan Funds, for their review on a quarterly basis, a written report of the amounts expended under the Plans and the purposes for which such expenditures were made.
‑Each Plan and the provisions of any agreement relating to such Plan must be approved annually by a vote of the Directors of the Fund that has such Plan, including such persons who are not interested persons of such Plan Fund and who have no financial interest in such Plan or any related agreement (“Rule 12b-1 Directors”). Each Plan or the provisions of this Agreement relating to such Plan may be terminated at any time by the vote of a majority of Rule 12b-1 Directors of the Fund that has such Plan, or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Class that has such Plan on sixty (60) days’ written notice, without payment of any penalty. A Plan or the provisions of this Agreement may also be terminated by any act that terminates the underwriting agreement between FTDI and the Fund that has such Plan, and/or the management or administration agreement between Franklin Advisers, Inc. or Templeton Investment Counsel, LLC or their affiliates and such Plan Fund. In the event of the termination of a Plan for any reason, the provisions of this Agreement relating to such Plan will also terminate.
‑Continuation of a Plan and the provisions of this Agreement relating to such Plan are conditioned on Rule 12b-1 Directors being ultimately responsible for selecting and nominating any new Rule 12b-1 Directors. Under Rule 12b-1, Directors of any of the Plan Funds have a duty to request and evaluate, and persons who are party to any agreement related to a Plan have a duty to furnish, such information as may reasonably be necessary to an informed determination of whether the Plan or any agreement should be implemented or continued. Under Rule 12b-1, a Plan Fund is permitted to implement or continue a Plan or the provisions of this Agreement relating to such Plan from year to year only if, based on certain legal considerations, the Board of Directors of such Plan Fund is able to conclude that the Plan will benefit the Plan Class. Absent such yearly determination, a Plan and the provisions of this Agreement relating to such Plan must be terminated as set forth above. In addition, any obligation assumed by a Fund pursuant to this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the assets of such Fund and no person shall seek satisfaction thereof from shareholders of a Fund. Bank agrees to waive payment of any amounts payable to Bank by FTDI under a Fund’s Plan until such time as FTDI is in receipt of such fee from the Fund.
‑In the event of any inconsistency, the provisions of the Plans between the Plan Funds and FTDI shall control over the provisions of this Agreement.
(g) ‑ Other Distribution Services From time to time, FTDI may offer telephone and other augmented services in connection with Transactions under this Agreement. If Bank uses any such service, Bank will be subject to the procedures applicable to the service, whether or not Bank has executed any agreement required for the service.
(h) ‑ Conditional Orders; Certificates FTDI will not accept any conditional Transaction orders. Delivery of certificates or confirmations for shares purchased shall be made by a Fund only against constructive receipt of the purchase price, subject to deduction of any Fee and FTDI’s portion of the sales charge, if any, on such sale. No certificates for shares of the Funds will be issued unless specifically requested.
(i) ‑ Cancellation of Orders If payment for shares purchased is not received within the time customary or the time required by law for such payment, the sale may be canceled without notice or demand, and neither FTDI nor the Fund(s) shall have any responsibility or liability for such a cancellation; alternatively, at FTDI’s option, the unpaid shares may be sold back to the Fund, and Bank shall be liable for any resulting loss to FTDI or to the Fund(s). FTDI shall have no liability for any check or other item returned unpaid to Bank after Bank has paid FTDI on behalf of a purchaser. FTDI may refuse to liquidate the investment unless FTDI receives the purchaser’s signed authorization for the liquidation.
(j) ‑ Order Corrections Bank shall assume responsibility for any loss to a Fund(s) caused by a correction made subsequent to the trade date, provided such correction was not based on any error, omission or negligence on FTDI’s part, and Bank will immediately pay such loss to the Fund(s) upon notification.
(k) ‑ Redemptions; Cancellation Redemptions or repurchases of shares will be made at the net asset value of such shares, less any applicable deferred sales or redemption charges, in accordance with the applicable Fund Prospectuses. If Bank sells shares for the account of the record owner to the Fund(s), Bank shall be deemed to represent to FTDI that Bank is doing so as agent for Customer and that Bank is authorized to do so in such capacity. Such sales to the Fund(s) shall be at the redemption or repurchase price then currently in effect for such shares. If on a redemption which Bank has ordered, instructions in proper form, including outstanding certificates, are not received within the time customary or the time required by law, the redemption may be canceled forthwith without any responsibility or liability on the part of FTDI or any Fund, or at the option of FTDI, FTDI may buy the shares redeemed on behalf of the Fund(s), in which latter case, FTDI may hold Bank responsible for any loss to the Fund(s) or loss of profit suffered by FTDI resulting from Bank’s failure to settle the redemption.
(l) ‑Exchanges Exchange orders will be effective only for uncertificated shares or for which share certificates have been previously deposited and may be subject to any fees or other restrictions set forth in the applicable Prospectuses. Exchanges from a Fund sold with no sales charge to a Fund which carries a sales charge, and exchanges from a Fund sold with a sales charge to a Fund which carries a higher sales charge may be subject to a sales charge in accordance with the terms of the applicable Fund’s Prospectus. Bank will be obligated to comply with any additional exchange policies described in the applicable Fund’s Prospectus, including without limitation any policy restricting or prohibiting excessive and/or short term trading activity, the collection of redemption fees associated with such trading activity and the prohibition of “market timing,” as defined in the Prospectus.
(m) ‑ Qualification of Shares Upon request, FTDI shall notify Bank of the states or other jurisdictions in which each Fund’s shares are currently noticed, registered or qualified for offer or sale to the public. FTDI shall have no obligation to make notice filings of, register or qualify, or to maintain notice filings of, registration of or qualification of, Fund shares in any particular state or other jurisdiction. FTDI shall have no responsibility, under the laws regulating the sale of securities in any U.S. or foreign jurisdiction, for the registration, qualification or licensed status of Bank or any of its agents or sub agents in connection with the purchase or sale of Fund shares or for the manner of offering, sale or purchase of Fund shares. Except as stated in this paragraph, FTDI shall not, in any event, be liable or responsible for the issue, form, validity, enforceability and value of such shares or for any matter in connection therewith, and no obligation not expressly assumed by FTDI in this Agreement shall be implied. If it is necessary to file notice, register or qualify shares of any Fund in any country, state or other jurisdiction having authority over the purchase or sale of Fund shares that are purchased by a Customer, it will be Bank’s responsibility to arrange for and to pay the costs of such notice filing, registration or qualification; prior to any such notice filing, registration or qualification, Bank will notify FTDI of its intent and of any limitations that might be imposed on the Funds, and Bank agrees not to proceed with such notice filing, registration or qualification without the written consent of the applicable Fund(s) and of FTDI. Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to be a condition, stipulation, or provision binding any person acquiring any security to waive compliance with any provision of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), the 1934 Act, the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), or any applicable laws or regulations of any government or authorized agency in the U.S. or any other country having jurisdiction over the offer or sale of shares of the Funds, or to relieve the parties hereto from any liability arising under such laws, rules or regulations.
(n) ‑Indemnification Bank agrees to indemnify, and hold harmless FTDI, and the Funds, as well as FTDI’s and the Funds’ respective officers, directors and employees (collectively “Indemnitees”), from any and all actual or alleged losses, claims, liabilities and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) (collectively, “Losses”) arising from or as the result of (1) any actual or alleged violation of any statute or regulation (including without limitation U.S. and state securities laws and regulations and consumer protection laws, as well as the laws of any foreign country where Bank offers or sells shares of the Funds) and/or any actual and/or alleged violation of common law (including without limitation all tort and/or contract claims), which in any way relate to any offer, sale, redemption, transfer or exchange of shares of the Funds (including any actual and/or alleged mishandling of the Transaction and/or misappropriation of the proceeds in connection therewith) by Bank and/or by or through any of Bank’s registered representatives, agents, independent contractors and/or employees; (2) the breach by Bank or any of Bank’s registered representatives, agents, independent contractors and/or employees of any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement; and/or (3) any use of, including unauthorized access obtained through Bank, of the Sites by Bank or Bank’s officers, directors, employees or agents; provided, however, that an Indemnitee shall not be entitled to indemnification hereunder to the extent the actual and proximate cause of any such Losses is attributed to such Indemnitee’s own negligence, willful misconduct or breach of this Agreement.
‑In addition, Bank agrees that in the event that Indemnitees are named in any legal proceedings (including, but not limited to, lawsuits filed in court and statements of claim filed in an arbitration forum) which involve claims and/or liabilities that are the subject of this indemnification agreement, FTDI and the Funds may, following notice to Bank, retain attorneys of FTDI’s choice to represent FTDI and/or the Funds in such legal proceedings at Bank’s expense, and Bank will promptly reimburse FTDI and/or the Funds for the attorneys’ fees and expenses incurred in connection with the defense of any such legal proceedings. This Paragraph 5(n) shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
(o) ‑Prospectus and Sales Materials; Limit on Advertising Bank is not authorized to give any information or make any representations concerning shares of a Fund except those contained in the Fund’s then current Prospectus, Summary Prospectus, Statement of Additional Information or in other materials produced by FTDI or by the Fund nor may Bank present or create any information or materials that are contrary to or inconsistent with the materials so provided to Bank. FTDI will supply reasonable quantities of, and/or reasonable electronic access to, Prospectuses (and/or any applicable Summary Prospectuses), sales or other marketing materials, and additional information as issued by the Fund or by FTDI. FTDI will not be responsible for reimbursing Bank for any costs or expenses Bank may incur for accessing or printing such materials. Bank is not authorized to modify or translate any materials FTDI has provided to Bank.
‑Bank agrees, represents and warrants that it is solely responsible for any materials prepared by Bank that are based upon information concerning shares of a Fund produced by FTDI or the Fund and that such materials will (a) conform to all requirements of any applicable laws or regulations of any government or authorized agency in the U.S. or any other country having jurisdiction over the offering or sale of shares of the Funds, (b) not be contrary to or inconsistent with the information or materials provided to Bank by FTDI or a Fund, and (c) be made available to FTDI upon request. Bank agrees to file any advertising or sales material relating to the Funds prepared by Bank with any applicable legal or regulatory authority, within the timeframes that may be required from time to time by such legal or regulatory authority. Unless otherwise expressly agreed to in writing, it is understood that FTDI will neither review nor approve for use any materials prepared by Bank and will have no involvement in the preparation of, or responsibility for, any such materials prepared by Bank. Notwithstanding the above, Bank may not use the Franklin Templeton Investments name or logo in materials prepared by Bank without FTDI’s prior written consent.
(p) ‑ Customer Information Each party to this Agreement agrees to limit the disclosure of non-public personal information of shareholders and customers consistent with its policies on privacy with respect to such information and Regulation S-P of the SEC. Each party hereby agrees that it will comply with all applicable requirements under the regulations implementing Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and any other applicable federal and state consumer privacy acts, rules and regulations. Each party further represents that it has in place, and agrees that it will maintain, information security policies and procedures for protecting nonpublic personal customer information adequate to conform to applicable legal requirements.
(q) ‑ Use of Site Each of Bank’s representatives, agents, independent contractors and employees will have access to the Sites as provided herein, (a) upon registration by such individual on a Site (including providing certain data and codes identifying Bank), (b) if Bank causes an MOS Site Access Request Form (an “Access Form”) to be signed by Bank’s authorized supervisory personnel and submitted to FTDI, as a Schedule to, and legally a part of, this Agreement, or (c) if Bank provides such individual with the necessary access codes or other information necessary to access the Sites through any generic or firm-wide authorization FTDI may grant Bank from time to time. Upon receipt by FTDI of a completed registration submitted by an individual through the Sites or a signed Access Form referencing such individual, FTDI shall be entitled to rely upon the representations contained therein as if Bank had made them directly hereunder and FTDI will issue a user identification, express number and/or password (collectively, “Access Code”). Any person to whom FTDI issues an Access Code or to whom Bank provides the necessary Access Codes or other information necessary to access the Sites through any generic or firm-wide authorization FTDI may grant Bank from time to time shall be an “Authorized User.” FTDI shall be entitled to assume that such person validly represents Bank and that all instructions received from such person are authorized, in which case such person will have access to the Site, including all services and information to which Bank is authorized to access on the Site. All inquiries and Transactions initiated by Bank (including Bank’s Authorized Users) are Bank’s responsibility, are at Bank’s risk and are subject to FTDI’s review and approval (which could cause a delay in processing). Bank agrees that FTDI does not have a duty to question information or instructions Bank (including Authorized Users) gives to FTDI under this Agreement, and that FTDI is entitled to treat as authorized, and act upon, any such instructions and information Bank submits to FTDI. Bank agrees to take all reasonable measures to prevent any individual other than an Authorized User from obtaining access to the Site. Bank agrees to inform FTDI if Bank wishes to restrict or revoke the access of any individual Access Code. If Bank becomes aware of any loss or theft or unauthorized use of any Access Code, Bank agrees to contact FTDI immediately. Bank also agrees to monitor its (including Authorized Users’) use of the Site to ensure the terms of this Agreement are followed. Bank acknowledges that the Sites are transmitted over the Internet on a reasonable efforts basis and FTDI does not warrant or guarantee their accuracy, timeliness, completeness, reliability or non-infringement. Moreover, Bank acknowledges that the Sites are provided for informational purposes only, and are not intended to comply with any requirements established by any regulatory or governmental agency.
(r) ‑ Anti-Money Laundering Each party to this Agreement acknowledges that it is a financial institution subject to the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, the Bank Secrecy Act and their corresponding implementing regulations (collectively, the “AML Laws”), which require, among other things, that financial institutions adopt compliance programs to guard against money laundering. Each party represents and warrants that it has established policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and prevent money laundering and to comply with the AML Laws, in all relevant aspects. Each party agrees that it will take such further steps and cooperate with the other party as may be reasonably necessary to facilitate compliance with the AML Laws. Each party also certifies that it complies with the economic sanction programs administered by the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control.
6. Continuously Offered Closed-End Funds. This Paragraph 6 relates solely to shares of Funds that represent a beneficial interest in shares that are issued by a Fund that is a closed end investment company registered under the 1940 Act that makes a continuous offering of it shares, for which FTDI or an affiliate of FTDI serves as principal underwriter and that periodically repurchases its shares (each, a “Trust”). Shares of a Trust being offered to the public will be registered under the 1933 Act and are expected to be offered during an offering period that may continue indefinitely (“Continuous Offering Period”). There is no guarantee that such a continuous offering will be maintained by the Trust. The Continuous Offering Period, shares of a Trust and certain of the terms on which such shares are being offered are more fully described in the Prospectus of the Trust.
As set forth in a Trust’s then current Prospectus, FTDI shall provide Bank with appropriate compensation for purchases of shares of the Trust made by Bank for the account of Customers or by Customers. In addition, Bank may be entitled to a fee for servicing Customers who are shareholders in a Trust, subject to applicable law. Bank agrees that any repurchases of shares of a Trust that were originally purchased as Qualifying Sales shall be subject to Paragraph 5(e) hereof.
Bank expressly acknowledges and understands that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement:
(a) ‑No Trust has a Rule-12b 1 Plan and in no event will a Trust pay, or have any obligation to pay, any compensation directly or indirectly to Bank.
(b) ‑Shares of a Trust will not be repurchased by either the Trust (other than through repurchase offers by the Trust from time to time, if any) or by FTDI and no secondary market for such shares exists currently, or is expected to develop. Any representation as to a repurchase or tender offer by the Trust, other than that set forth in the Trust’s then current Prospectus, notification letters, reports or other related material provided by the Trust, is expressly prohibited.
(c) ‑An early withdrawal charge payable by shareholders of a Trust to FTDI may be imposed on shares accepted for repurchase by the Trust that have been held for less than a stated period, as set forth in the Trust’s then current Prospectus.
(d) ‑In the event a Customer cancels his or her order for shares of a Trust after confirmation, such shares will not be repurchased, remarketed or otherwise disposed of by or through FTDI.
7. General.
(a) ‑ Successors and Assignments This Agreement shall extend to and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns; provided that this Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment by FTDI. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the word “assignment” shall have the meaning given to it in the 1940 Act. Bank may not assign this Agreement without the advance written consent of FTDI.
(b) ‑ Paragraph Headings The paragraph headings of this Agreement are for convenience only, and shall not be deemed to define, limit, or describe the scope or intent of this Agreement.
(c) ‑Severability Should any provision of this Agreement be determined to be invalid or unenforceable under any law, rule, or regulation, that determination shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement.
(d) ‑Waivers There shall be no waiver of any provision of this Agreement except a written waiver signed by Bank and FTDI. No written waiver shall be deemed a continuing waiver or a waiver of any other provision, unless such written waiver expresses such intention.
(e) ‑ Sole Agreement This Agreement is the entire agreement of Bank and FTDI and supersedes all oral negotiations and prior writings, including any prior bank selling agreements.
(f) ‑ Governing Law This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California, not including any provision which would require the general application of the law of another jurisdiction, and shall be binding upon the parties hereto when signed by FTDI and accepted by Bank, either by Bank’s signature in the space provided below or by Bank’s first trade entered after receipt of this Agreement.
(g) ‑ Setoff; Arbitration Should Bank owe any sum of money to FTDI under or in relation to this Agreement for the purchase, sale, redemption or repurchase of any Fund shares, FTDI may offset and recover the amount owed by Bank to FTDI or the Funds from any amount owed by FTDI to Bank or from any other account Bank has with FTDI, without notice or demand to Bank. Either party may submit any dispute under this Agreement to binding arbitration under the commercial arbitration rules of the American Arbitration Association. Judgment upon any arbitration award may be entered by any court having jurisdiction.
(h) ‑Amendments FTDI may amend this Agreement at any time by depositing a written notice of the amendment in the U.S. mail, first class postage pre paid, addressed to Bank’s address given below (or such other address as specified in writing by Bank). Bank’s placement of any Transaction order for shares of a Fund or acceptance of any payments after the effective date and receipt of notice of any such amendment shall constitute Bank’s acceptance of the amendment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Site Terms may be separately amended as provided therein and as so amended and in effect from time to time shall be a part of this Agreement.
(i) ‑ Term and Termination This Agreement shall continue in effect until terminated and shall terminate automatically in the event that Bank ceases to be a “bank” as set forth in paragraph 2(a) of this Agreement. FTDI or Bank may terminate this Agreement at any time by written notice to the other, but such termination shall not affect the payment or repayment of Fees on Transactions prior to the termination date. Termination also will not affect the indemnities given under this Agreement.
(j) ‑ Acceptance; Cumulative Effect This Agreement is cumulative and supersedes any similar agreement previously in effect. It shall be binding upon the parties hereto when signed by FTDI and accepted by Bank. If Bank has a current selling agreement with FTDI, Bank’s first trade or acceptance of payments from FTDI after receipt of this Agreement, as it may be amended pursuant to paragraph 7(h), above, shall constitute Bank’s acceptance of the terms of this Agreement.
Otherwise, Bank’s signature below shall constitute Bank’s acceptance of these terms.
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON DISTRIBUTORS, INC.
By _______________________________________
Peter D. Jones, President
One Franklin Parkway
San Mateo, CA 94403-1906
Attention: Chief Legal Officer (for legal notices only)
(650) 312-2000
100
Fountain Parkway
St. Petersburg, Florida 33716-1205
(727) 299-8712
To
the Bank or Trust Company:
If you have
not
previously signed an agreement with FTDI for
the sale of mutual fund shares to your
customers, please complete and sign this section and return the original to us.
BANK or TRUST COMPANY:
Bank’s Name
Date
By:
(Signature)
Name Title
Appendix A - Additional Terms and Conditions Regarding Rule 22c-2
To the extent Bank is a “financial intermediary” with respect to the Funds, Bank agrees as follows:
1.1 Agreement to Provide Information. Bank agrees to provide Distributors, upon written request, the taxpayer identification number (“TIN”) of any or all Shareholder(s) of the account and the amount, date, name or other identifier of any investment professional(s) associated with the Shareholder(s) or account (if known), and transaction type (purchase, redemption, transfer, or exchange) of every purchase, redemption, transfer, or exchange of Fund Shares held through an account maintained by Bank during the period covered by the request.
‑ 1.1.1 Period Covered by Request. Requests must set forth a specific period, not to exceed ninety (90) days from the date of the request, for which transaction information is sought. Distributors may request transaction information older than ninety (90) days from the date of the request as it deems necessary to investigate compliance with policies established by it for the purpose of eliminating or reducing any dilution of the value of the outstanding Shares issued by the Funds.
‑ 1.1.2 Form and timing of Response. Bank agrees to transmit the requested information that is on Bank’s books and records to Distributors or its designee promptly, but in any event not later than five (5) business days, after receipt of a request. If the requested information is not on Bank’s books and records, Bank agrees to: (i) provide or arrange to provide Distributors or its designee the requested information regarding Shareholders who hold an account with an indirect intermediary; or (ii) prohibit further purchases of Fund Shares by such indirect intermediary on behalf of itself or other persons. Responses required by this paragraph must be communicated in writing and in a format mutually agreed upon by the parties. To the extent practicable, the format for any transaction information provided to Distributors should be consistent with the NSCC Standardized Data Reporting Format.
‑ 1.1.3 Limitations on Use of Information. Distributors agrees not to use the information received for marketing or any other similar purpose without Bank’s prior written consent.
1.2 Agreement to Restrict Trading.
Bank agrees to execute written instructions from
Distributors or its designee to restrict or prohibit further purchases or
exchanges of Shares by a Shareholder who has been identified by Distributors or
its designee as having engaged in transactions in Shares (directly or
indirectly through an account established by Bank) that violate policies
established by the Funds for the purpose of eliminating
or reducing any dilution of the value of the outstanding Shares issued by the
Funds.
‑ 1.2.1 Form of Instructions. Instructions must include the TIN and the specific restriction(s) to be executed. If the TIN is not known, the instructions must include an equivalent identifying number of the Shareholder(s) or account(s) or other agreed upon information to which the instruction relates.
‑ 1.2.2 Timing of Response. Bank agrees to execute instructions as soon as reasonably practicable, but not later than five (5) business days after Bank’s receipt of the instructions.
‑ 1.2.3 Confirmation. Bank must provide written confirmation to Distributors or its designee that instructions have been executed. Bank agrees to provide confirmation as soon as reasonably practicable, but not later than ten (10) business days after the instructions have been executed.
1.3 Excepted Funds. These terms and conditions shall not apply to any “Excepted Fund” as defined in Section 1.4.
1.4 Definitions.
“Distributors” means Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc.
“Funds” or a “Fund” means certain registered investment companies, and separate series of such companies, for which Distributors serves as the principal underwriter.
“Financial Intermediary” means:
(i) ‑any broker, dealer, bank, or other person that holds securities issued by a Fund, in nominee name;
‑(ii) ‑a unit investment trust or fund that invests in a Fund in reliance on section 12(d)(l)(E) of the 1940 Act (15 U.S.C. 80a-12(d)(l)(E)); and
‑(iii) ‑in the case of a participant-directed employee benefit plan that owns the securities issued by a Fund, a retirement plan’s administrator under section 3(16)(A) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1002 (16)(A)) or any person that maintains the plan’s participant records.
‑Notwithstanding the above, “financial intermediary” does not include any person that the Fund treats as an individual investor with respect to the Fund’s policies established for the purpose of eliminating or reducing any dilution of the value of the outstanding securities issued by the Fund.
“Excepted Fund” means:
‑(i) ‑any Fund that is regulated as a money market fund under Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act;
‑(ii) ‑any Fund that issues securities that are listed on a national securities exchange; and
‑(iii) ‑any Fund that affirmatively permits short-term trading of its securities, if its prospectus clearly and prominently discloses that the Fund permits short-term trading of its securities and that such trading may result in additional costs for the Fund.
“Shareholder” means:
‑(i) ‑a beneficial owner of securities held in nominee name;
‑(ii) ‑a participant in a participant-directed employee benefit plan;
‑(iii) ‑a holder of interests in a fund or unit investment trust that has invested in a Fund in reliance on section 12(d)(l)(E) of the 1940 Act; and
‑(iv) ‑a holder of interests in a variable annuity or variable life insurance contract issued by a financial intermediary and for which one or more Funds serve as underlying investments.
‑“Shareholder” does not include a fund investing pursuant to section 12(d)(l)(G) of the 1940 Act, a trust established pursuant to section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. 529), or a holder of an interest in such a trust.
“Shares” means the interests of Fund Shareholders corresponding to the redeemable securities of record issued by the Fund under the 1940 Act that are held by a financial intermediary.
MASTER CUSTODY AGREEMENT
EXHIBIT A
The following is a list of the Investment Companies and their respective Series for which the Custodian shall serve under the Master Custody Agreement dated as of February 16, 1996.
INVESTMENT COMPANY |
ORGANIZATION |
SERIES --- (if applicable) |
|
|
|
Franklin Gold and Precious Metals Fund |
Delaware Statutory Trust
|
|
Franklin High Income Trust |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
Franklin High Income Fund
|
Franklin Investors Securities Trust |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
Franklin Adjustable U.S. Government Securities Fund Franklin Balanced Fund Franklin Convertible Securities Fund Franklin Equity Income Fund Franklin Floating Rate Daily Access Fund Franklin Limited Maturity U.S. Govt Securities Fund Franklin Low Duration Total Return Fund Franklin Real Return Fund Franklin Total Return Fund
|
Franklin Managed Trust |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
Franklin Rising Dividends Fund
|
Franklin Money Fund |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
|
|
|
|
Franklin Municipal Securities Trust |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
Franklin California High Yield Municipal Fund Franklin Tennessee Municipal Bond Fund |
|
|
|
Franklin Mutual Series Funds |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
Mutual Beacon Fund Mutual European Fund Mutual Financial Services Fund Mutual Global Discovery Fund Mutual International Fund Mutual Quest Fund Mutual Shares Fund
|
INVESTMENT COMPANY |
ORGANIZATION |
SERIES --- (if applicable) |
|
|
|
Franklin Tax-Free Trust |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
Franklin Alabama Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Arizona Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Colorado Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Connecticut Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Double Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Federal Intermediate-Term Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Federal Limited-Term Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Florida Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Georgia Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin High Yield Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Insured Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Kentucky Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Louisiana Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Maryland Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Massachusetts Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Michigan Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Minnesota Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Missouri Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin New Jersey Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin North Carolina Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Ohio Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Oregon Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Pennsylvania Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Virginia Tax-Free Income Fund
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INVESTMENT COMPANY |
ORGANIZATION |
SERIES --- (if applicable) |
|
|
|
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
Franklin Templeton Conservative Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton Corefolio Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton Founding Funds Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton Growth Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton Moderate Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton 2015 Retirement Target Fund Franklin Templeton 2025 Retirement Target Fund Franklin Templeton 2035 Retirement Target Fund Franklin Templeton 2045 Retirement Target Fund |
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Franklin Templeton International Trust |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
Franklin India Growth Fund Franklin World Perspectives Fund |
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Franklin Templeton Money Fund Trust |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
Franklin Templeton Money Fund
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Franklin Templeton Variable Insurance Products Trust |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Securities Fund Franklin Global Real Estate Securities Fund Franklin Growth and Income Securities Fund Franklin High Income Securities Fund Franklin Income Securities Fund Franklin Large Cap Growth Securities Fund Franklin Large Cap Value Securities Fund Franklin Rising Dividends Securities Fund Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Securities Fund Franklin Small Cap Value Securities Fund Franklin Strategic Income Securities Fund Franklin Templeton VIP Founding Funds Allocation Fund Franklin U.S. Government Fund
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INVESTMENT COMPANY |
ORGANIZATION |
SERIES --- (if applicable) |
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Franklin Templeton Variable Insurance Products Trust (continued) |
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Mutual Global Discovery Securities Fund Mutual International Securities Fund Mutual Shares Securities Fund Templeton Global Bond Securities Fund |
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Franklin Value Investors Trust |
Massachusetts Business Trust |
Franklin All Cap Value Fund Franklin Balance Sheet Investment Fund Franklin Large Cap Value Fund Franklin MicroCap Value Fund Franklin MidCap Value Fund Franklin Small Cap Value Fund
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Institutional Fiduciary Trust |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
Money Market Portfolio
|
The Money Market Portfolios |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
The Money Market Portfolio
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Templeton Global Investment Trust
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Delaware Statutory Trust |
Templeton Income Fund
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Templeton Income Trust
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Delaware Statutory Trust |
Templeton Global Total Return Fund Templeton International Bond Fund |
CLOSED END FUNDS:
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Franklin Mutual Recovery Fund
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Delaware Statutory Trust
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Franklin Templeton Limited Duration Income Trust
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Delaware Statutory Trust |
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Franklin Universal Trust |
Massachusetts Business Trust |
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AMENDED AND RESTATED FOREIGN CUSTODY MANAGER AGREEMENT
SCHEDULE 1
The following is a list of the Investment Companies and their respective Series for which the Custodian shall serve under the Foreign Custody Manager Agreement dated as of May 16, 2001.
INVESTMENT COMPANY |
ORGANIZATION |
SERIES ---(if applicable) |
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|
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Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series
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Delaware Statutory Trust |
Franklin Templeton Conservative Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton Corefolio Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton Founding Funds Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton Growth Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton Moderate Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton 2015 Retirement Target Fund Franklin Templeton 2025 Retirement Target Fund Franklin Templeton 2035 Retirement Target Fund Franklin Templeton 2045 Retirement Target Fund
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Franklin Templeton International Trust |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
Franklin India Growth Fund Franklin World Perspectives Fund
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Franklin Templeton Variable Insurance Products Trust |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Securities Fund Franklin Global Real Estate Securities Fund Franklin Growth and Income Securities Fund |
|
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Franklin High Income Securities Fund Franklin Income Securities Fund Franklin Large Cap Growth Securities Fund Franklin Large Cap Value Securities Fund Franklin Rising Dividends Securities Fund Franklin Small Mid-Cap Growth Securities Fund Franklin Small Cap Value Securities Fund Franklin Strategic Income Securities Fund Franklin U.S. Government Fund Mutual Global Discovery Securities Fund Mutual International Securities Fund Mutual Shares Securities Fund Templeton Global Bond Securities Fund |
INVESTMENT COMPANY |
ORGANIZATION |
SERIES ---(if applicable) |
|
|
|
Franklin Value Investors Trust |
Massachusetts Business Trust |
Franklin All Cap Value Fund Franklin Balance Sheet Investment Fund Franklin Large Cap Value Fund Franklin MicroCap Value Fund Franklin MidCap Value Fund Franklin Small Cap Value Fund
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Templeton Global Investment Trust
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Delaware Statutory Trust |
Templeton Income Fund
|
Templeton Income Trust |
Delaware Statutory Trust |
Templeton Global Total Return Fund Templeton International Bond Fund |
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|
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CLOSED END FUNDS:
|
|
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Franklin Mutual Recovery Fund
Franklin Templeton Limited Duration Income Trust
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Delaware Statutory Trust
Delaware Statutory Trust |
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Franklin Universal Trust |
Massachusetts Business Trust |
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SCHEDULE 2
WORLDWIDE NETWORK OF SUBCUSTODIANS
COUNTRY SUBCUSTODIAN
Argentina Citibank, N.A.
Australia National Australia Bank Limited
Austria UniCredit Bank Austria AG
Bahrain HSBC Bank Middle East Limited
Bangladesh Standard Chartered Bank Bangladesh
Belgium Citibank International Plc
Benin Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’lvoire
Bermuda HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited (effective May 3, 2010)
Botswana Stanbic Bank Botswana Ltd.
Brazil Citibank, N.A.
Bulgaria ING Bank N.V.
Burkina Faso Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’lvoire
Canada CIBC Mellon Trust Company
Cayman Islands The Bank of New York Mellon
Channel Islands The Bank of New York Mellon
Chile Banco Itau S.A. (Chile)
Chile Banco de Chile
China (Shanghai and Shenzhen) HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited
Colombia Cititrust Colombia S.A.
Costa Rica Banco BCT
Croatia Privredna Banka Zabreb d.d.
Cyprus BNP Paribas Securities Services, Athens, effective May 17, 2010.
Czech Republic ING Bank N.V.
Denmark Danske Bank A/S
Ecuador Banco de la Produccion SA
Egypt HSBC Bank Egypt S.A.E.
Estonia SEB Bank AS
Euromarket Clearstream Banking Luxembourg S.A.
Euromarket Euroclear Bank
Finland Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) Helsinki Branch
France BNP Paribas Securities Services
France CACEIS
Germany BNY Mellon Asset Servicing GmbH (formerly BHF Asset
Servicing GmbH)
Ghana Stanbic Bank Ghana Ltd.
Greece BNP Paribas Securities Services, Athens, effective May 17, 2010
Guinea Bissau Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’lvoire
Hong Kong The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Limited
Hungary ING Bank NV.
Iceland NBI hf
Iceland Islandsbanki hf
India Deutsche Bank AG
1 |
COUNTRY SUBCUSTODIAN
India Deutsche Bank AG
Indonesia HSBC Ltd.
Ireland The Bank of New York Mellon, London
Israel Bank Hapoalim B.M.
Italy Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A
Ivory Coast Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’lvoire - Abidjian
Japan The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd.
Japan Mizuho Corporate Bank, Limited
Jordan HSBC Bank Middle East Limited
Kazakhstan HSBC Bank Kazakhstan
Kenya CFC Stanbic Bank Limited
Kuwait HSBC Bank Middle East Ltd.
Latvia AS SEB banka
Lebanon HSBC Bank Middle East Limited
Lithuania SEB Bankas AB
Luxembourg Banque et Caisse d’Epargne de l’Etat
Malaysia HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad
Mali Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’lvoire
Malta HSBC Bank Malta plc
Mauritius The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
Mexico Banco Nacional de Mexico
Morocco Citibank Maghreb
Namibia Standard Bank Namibia Ltd.
Netherlands BNY Mellon Asset Servicing B.V.
New Zealand National Australia Bank Limited
Niger Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’lvoire
Nigeria Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc
Norway DnB NOR Bank ASA
Oman HSBC Bank Middle East Limited
Pakistan Deutsche Bank AG Karachi.
Palestinian Autonomous Area HSBC Bank Middle East, Ramallah
Peru Citibank del Peru, S.A.
Philippines HSBC Ltd.
Poland ING Bank Slaski
Portugal Banco Comercial Português, S.A.
Qatar HSBC Bank Middle East Limited, Doha
Romania ING Bank N.V.
Russia ING Bank (Eurasia) ZAO
Russia ZAO Citibank Moscow
Saudi Arabia SABB Securities Limited
Senegal Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’lvoire
Serbia UniCredit Bank Austria AG
Singapore United Overseas Bank Limited
Singapore DBS Bank Ltd.
Slovak Republic ING Bank N.V.
Slovenia UniCredit Banka Slovenia d.d.
Slovenia UniCredit Bank Austria AG
2 |
COUNTRY SUBCUSTODIAN
South Africa Standard Bank of South Africa
South Korea The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Limited
Spain Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A.
Spain Santander Investment Services, S.A.
Sri Lanka The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Limited
Swaziland Standard Bank Swaziland Limited
Sweden Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken
Switzerland Credit Suisse, Zurich
Switzerland UBS AG, Zurich
Taiwan Standard Chartered Bank (Taiwan) Limited
Thailand The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Limited
Thailand Bangkok Bank Public Company Ltd.
Togo Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’lvoire
Trinidad & Tobago Republic Bank Limited
Tunisia Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie
Turkey Deutsche Bank AS
Uganda Stanbic Bank Uganda Ltd.
Ukraine ING Bank Ukraine
United Arab Emirates HSBC Bank Middle East Limited, Dubai
United Kingdom The Bank of New York Mellon
United Kingdom Deutsche Bank AG (The Depository & Clearing Centre)
United States The Bank of New York Mellon
Uruguay Banco Itau Uruguay S.A.
Venezuela Citibank, N.A.
Vietnam HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Ltd.
Zambia Stanbic Bank Zambia Ltd.
Zimbabwe Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe Ltd.
3 |
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-1A of our reports dated June 16, 2011 , relating to the financial statements and financial highlights, which appear in the April 30, 2011 Annual Report to Shareholders of Franklin Strategic Series, which are also incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement. We also consent to the references to us under the headings "Financial Highlights" and "Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in such Registration Statement.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
August 25, 2011
MULTIPLE CLASS PLAN
on behalf of
FRANKLIN BIOTECHNOLOGY DISCOVERY FUND
This Multiple Class Plan (the “Plan”) has been adopted unanimously by the Board of members of FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES (the “Investment Company”) for its series, FRANKLIN BIOTECHNOLOGY DISCOVERY FUND (the “Fund”). The Board has determined that the Plan, including the expense allocation methods among the classes, is in the best interests of each class of the Fund, the Fund and the Investment Company as a whole. The Plan sets forth the provisions relating to the establishment of multiple classes of shares of the Fund.
1. The Fund shall publicly offer two classes of shares, to be known as Class A Shares and Advisor Class Shares.
2. Class A Shares shall carry a front-end sales charge ranging from 0 % - 5.75 %, and the Advisor Class Shares shall not be subject to any front-end sales charges.
3. Class A Shares shall not be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”), except in the following limited circumstances. On investments of $1 million or more, a contingent deferred sales charge of 1.00% of the lesser of the then-current net asset value or the original net asset value at the time of purchase applies to redemptions of those investments within the contingency period of 18 months from the calendar month following their purchase. The CDSC is waived in certain circumstances, as described in the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information (“SAI”).
Advisor Class Shares shall not be subject to any CDSC.
4. The distribution plan adopted by the Investment Company pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (the “Rule 12b-1 Plan”) associated with the Class A Shares may be used to compensate Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. (the “Distributor”) or others for expenses incurred in the promotion and distribution of the Class A Shares. Such expenses include, but are not limited to, the printing of prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, expenses of preparing and distributing sales literature and related expenses, advertisements, and other distribution-related expenses, any distribution or shareholder servicing fees paid to securities firms or others who provide personal assistance to shareholders in servicing their accounts and have executed a servicing agreement with the Investment Company for the Class A Shares, the Distributor or its affiliates.
No Rule 12b-1 Plan has been adopted on behalf of the Advisor Class Shares and, therefore, the Advisor Class Shares shall not be subject to deductions relating to Rule 12b-1 fees.
The Rule 12b-1 Plan for the Class A shall operate in accordance with the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”)
5. The only difference in expenses as between Class A and Advisor Class shall relate to differences in Rule 12b-1 plan expenses, as described in the applicable Rule 12b-1 Plan; however, to the extent that the Rule 12b-1 Plan expenses of one Class are the same as the Rule 12b-1 Plan expenses of another Class, such classes shall be subject to the same expenses.
6. There shall be no conversion features associated with the Class A and Advisor Class.
7. Shares of Class A and Advisor Class may be exchanged for shares of another investment company within the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds according to the terms and conditions stated in each fund’s prospectus, as it may be amended from time to time, to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and the rules and regulations adopted thereunder.
8. Each class will vote separately with respect to any Rule 12b-1 Plan related to, or which now or in the future may affect, that class.
9. On an ongoing basis, the Board members of the Fund, pursuant to their fiduciary responsibilities under the 1940 Act and otherwise, will monitor the Fund for the existence of any material conflicts between the interests of the various classes of shares. The Board members, including a majority of the Board members who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund, its investment manager or the Distributor and who have no direct, or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Rule 12b-1 Plan (the “independent Board members”), shall take such action as is reasonably necessary to eliminate any such conflict that may develop. Franklin Advisers, Inc. and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. shall be responsible for alerting the Board to any material conflicts that arise.
10. All material amendments to this Plan must be approved by a majority of the Board members, including a majority of the independent Board members.
11. I, Karen L. Skidmore, Vice President and Secretary of the Franklin Strategic Series, do hereby certify that this Multiple Class Plan was adopted on behalf of the Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund, by a majority of the Board members of the Fund, including a majority of the independent Board members, on May 19, 2009.
/s/ Karen L. Skidmore ___
Karen L. Skidmore
Vice President & Secretary
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON INVESTMENTS
CODE OF ETHICS
(pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940
and Rule 204A-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940)
AND
INSIDER TRADING COMPLIANCE POLICY AND PROCEDURES
Revised May 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CODE OF ETHICS 2
PART 1 - Statement of Principles . 2
PART 2 - Purpose of the Code and Consequences of Non-compliance . 3
PART 3 - Compliance Requirements . 4
PART 4 - Reporting Requirements for Code of Ethics Persons (excluding Independent Directors of the Funds and of Certain Advisory Subsidiaries of FRI) 11
PART 5 - Pre-clearance Requirements Applicable to Access Persons (excluding Independent Directors of the Funds and Certain Investment Advisory Subsidiaries of FRI) and Portfolio Persons . 14
PART 6 Requirements for Independent Directors of the Funds and Certain Investment Advisory Subsidiaries of FRI. 17
PART 7 - Penalties for Violations of the Code . 18
PART 8 - A Reminder about the Franklin Templeton Investments Insider Trading Policy .. 20
APPENDIX A: COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES AND DEFINITIONS .. 21
I. Responsibilities of Each Designated Compliance Officer .. 22
II. Definitions of Important Terms . 26
APPENDIX B: Acknowledgement Form and Schedules .. 28
Acknowledgment Form ... 29
SCHEDULE A: Legal and Compliance Officers Code of Ethics Administration Dept. Contact Info 30
SCHEDULE B: Transactions Report .. 31
SCHEDULE C: Initial & Annual Disclosure of Brokerage Accounts, Investment Advisory Accounts, Securities Holdings and Discretionary Authority .. 32
SCHEDULE D: NOTIFICATION OF SECURITIES ACCOUNT .. 34
SCHEDULE E: Notification of Direct or Indirect Beneficial Interest .. 35
SCHEDULE F: Checklist for Investments in Partnerships and Securities Issued in Limited Offerings (Private Placements) 36
SCHEDULE G: Request for Approval to Serve as a Director .. 38
APPENDIX C: Investment Adviser and Broker-Dealer and Other Subsidiaries of Franklin Resources, Inc. April 2010 39
INSIDER TRADING COMPLIANCE POLICY AND PROCEDURES .. 40
A. Legal Requirement .. 40
B. Who is an Insider? . 40
C. What is Material Information? . 40
D. What is Non-Public Information? . 41
E. Basis for Liability .. 41
F. Penalties for Insider Trading .. 41
G. Insider Trading Procedures . 42
H. General Access Control Procedures . 43
The Code of Ethics (the Code) and Insider Trading Compliance Policy and Procedures (the "Insider Trading Policy"), including any supplemental memoranda is applicable to all officers, directors, employees and certain designated temporary employees (collectively, Code of Ethics Persons) of Franklin Resources, Inc. (FRI), all of its subsidiaries, and the funds in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds (the "Funds") (collectively, "Franklin Templeton Investments"). The subsidiaries listed in Appendix C of the Code, together with Franklin Resources, Inc. have established, maintain and enforce the Code and Insider Trading Policy. Additionally, the US-registered Funds have adopted the Code and Insider Trading Policy in accordance with Rule 17j-1(c) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 [1] .
The Code summarizes the values, principles and business practices that guide Franklin Templeton Investments business conduct, provides a set of basic principles for Code of Ethics Persons regarding the conduct expected of them and also establishes certain reporting requirements applicable to Supervised and Access Persons (defined below). It is the responsibility of all Code of Ethics Persons to maintain an environment that fosters fairness, respect and integrity. Code of Ethics Persons are expected to seek the advice of a supervisor or the Code of Ethics Administration Department with any questions on the Code and/or the Insider Trading Policy.
In addition to this Code, the policies and procedures prescribed under the Code of Ethics and Business Conduct adopted by Franklin Resources, Inc. are additional requirements that apply to certain Code of Ethics Persons. The current version of the Fair Disclosure Polices and Procedures and the Chinese Wall Policy also apply to certain Code of Ethics Persons. Executive Officers, Directors and certain other designated employees of FRI will also be subject to additional requirements with respect to the trading of the securities of FRI (i.e. BEN shares).
All Code of Ethics Persons are required to conduct themselves in a lawful, honest and ethical manner in their business practices. Franklin Templeton Investments policy is that the interests of its Funds shareholders and clients are paramount and come before the interests of any Code Of Ethics Person.
The personal investing activities of Code of Ethics Persons must be conducted in a manner to avoid actual or potential conflicts of interest with Fund shareholders and other clients of any Franklin Templeton Investments adviser.
Code of Ethics Persons shall use their positions with Franklin Templeton Investments and any investment opportunities they learn of because of their positions with Franklin Templeton Investments in a manner consistent with applicable Federal Securities Laws and their fiduciary duties to use such opportunities and information for the benefit of the Funds shareholders and clients.
Information concerning the identity of security holdings and financial circumstances of Funds and other clients is confidential and all Code of Ethics Persons must vigilantly safeguard this sensitive information.
Lastly, Code of Ethics Persons shall not, in connection with the purchase or sale of a security, including any option to purchase or sell, and any security convertible into or exchangeable for, any security that is "held or to be acquired" by a Fund:
A. employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud a Fund;
B. make to a Fund any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state to a Fund a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;
C. engage in any act, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon a Fund; or
D. engage in any manipulative practice with respect to a Fund.
A security is "held or to be acquired" if within the most recent 15 days it (i) is or has been held by a Fund, or (ii) is being or has been considered by a Fund or its investment adviser for purchase by the Fund.
It is important that you read and understand the Code because its purpose is to help all of us comply with the law and to preserve and protect the outstanding reputation of Franklin Templeton Investments.
Any violation of the Code or Insider Trading Policy including engaging in a prohibited transaction or failure to file required reports may result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment and/or referral to appropriate governmental agencies.
All Code of Ethics Persons must report violations of the Code and the Insider Trading Policy whether committed by themselves or by others promptly to their supervisor or the Code of Ethics Administration Department. If you have any questions or concerns about compliance with the Code or Insider Trading Policy you are encouraged to speak with your supervisor or the Code of Ethics Administration Department. In addition, you may call the Compliance and Ethics Hotline at 1-800-636-6592. Calls to Compliance and the Ethics Hotline may be made anonymously. Franklin Templeton Investments will treat the information set forth in a report of any suspected violation of the Code or Insider Trading Policy in a confidential manner and will conduct a prompt and appropriate evaluation and investigation of any matter reported. Code of Ethics Persons are expected to cooperate in investigations of reported violations. To facilitate employee reporting of violations of the Code or Insider Trading Policy, Franklin Templeton Investments will not allow retaliation against anyone who has made a report in good faith.
3.1 Who Is Covered by the Code and How Does It Work?
The Statement of Principles contained in the Code and the policies and procedures prescribed under the Code of Ethics and Business Conduct must be observed by all Code of Ethics Persons. All officers, directors, employees and certain designated temporary employees of Franklin Templeton Investments are Code of Ethics Persons. However, depending on which of the categories described below that you are placed, there are different types of restrictions and reporting requirements placed on your personal investing activities. The category in which you will be placed generally depends on your job function, although unique circumstances may result in your placement in a different category. If you have any questions regarding which category you are a member of and the attendant responsibilities, please contact the Code of Ethics Administration Department.
(1) Supervised Persons : Supervised persons are a U.S. registered investment advisers partners, officers, directors (or other persons occupying a similar status or performing similar functions), and employees, as well as any other person who provides advice on behalf of the adviser and are subject to the supervision and control of the adviser.
(2) Access Persons: Access Persons are those persons who: have access to nonpublic information regarding Funds or clients securities transactions; or are involved in making securities recommendations to Funds or clients; or have access to recommendations that are nonpublic; or have access to nonpublic information regarding the portfolio holdings of Reportable Funds. Examples of access to nonpublic information include having access to trading systems, portfolio accounting systems, research databases or settlement information. Thus, Access Persons are those people who are in a position to exploit information about Funds or clients securities transactions or holdings. Administrative, technical and clerical personnel may be deemed Access Persons if their functions or duties give them access to such nonpublic information.
The following are some of the departments, which would typically (but not exclusively) include Access Persons. Please note however that whether you are an Access Person is based on an analysis of the types of information that you have access to and the determination will be made on a case-by-case basis:
· fund accounting;
· futures associates;
· global compliance;
· portfolio administration;
· private client group/high net worth; and
· anyone else designated by the Director of Global Compliance and/or the Chief Compliance Officer.
In addition, you are an Access Person if you are any of the following:
· an officer or director of the Funds;
· an officer or director of an investment adviser or broker-dealer subsidiary of Franklin Templeton Investments; or
· a person that controls those entities.
Note: Under this definition, an independent director of FRI would not be considered an
Access Person.
(3) Portfolio Persons: Portfolio Persons are a subset of Access Persons and are those employees of Franklin Templeton Investments, who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in the decision to purchase or sell a security by a Fund or any other client or if his or her functions relate to the making of any recommendations about those purchases or sales. Portfolio Persons include:
· portfolio managers;
· research analysts;
· traders;
· employees serving in equivalent capacities (including Futures Associates);
· employees supervising the activities of Portfolio Persons; and
· anyone else designated by the Director of Global Compliance and/or the Chief Compliance Officer.
(4) Non-Access Persons: If you are an employee or temporary employee of Franklin Templeton Investments AND you do not fit into any of the above categories, you are a Non-Access Person. Because you do not receive nonpublic information about Fund/Client portfolios, you are subject only to the prohibited transaction provisions described in 3.4 of the Code, the Statement of Principles and the Insider Trading Policy and the policies and procedures prescribed under the FRI Code of Ethics and Business Conduct. The independent directors of FRI are Non-Access Persons.
You will be notified about which of the category(ies) you are considered to be a member of at the time you become affiliated with Franklin Templeton Investments and also if you become a member of a different category.
As described further below, the Code prohibits certain types of transactions and requires pre-clearance and reporting of others. Non-Access Persons and Supervised Persons do not have to pre-clear their security transactions, and, in most cases, do not have to report their transactions. Independent Directors of the Funds also need not pre-clear or report on any securities transactions unless they knew, or should have known that, during the 15-day period before or after the transaction, the security was purchased or sold or considered for purchase or sale by a Fund. However, personal investing activities of all Code of Ethics Persons are to be conducted in compliance with the prohibited transactions provisions contained in Section 3.4, the Statement of Principles and the Insider Trading Compliance Policy and Procedures.
3.2 What Accounts and Transactions Are Covered?
The Code covers:
1. Securities accounts/transactions in which you have direct or indirect beneficial ownership.
You are considered to have beneficial ownership of a security if you, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, have or share a direct or indirect economic interest in a security. There is a presumption that you have an economic interest in securities held or acquired by members of your immediate family sharing the same household. Thus, a transaction by or for the account of your spouse, or other immediate family member living in your home would be treated as though the transaction were your own.
2. Transactions for an account in which you have an economic interest (other than the account of an unrelated client for which advisory fees are received) and have or share investment control.
For example, if you invest in a corporation that invests in securities and you have or share control over its investments, that corporations securities transactions would generally be treated as though they were your own.
3. Securities in which you do not have an economic interest (that are held by a partnership, corporation, trust or similar entity) however, you either have control of such entity, or have or share control over its investments.
For example, if you were the trustee of a trust or foundation but you did not have an economic interest in the entity (i.e., you are not the trustor (settlor) or beneficiary) the securities transactions would be treated as though they were your own if you had voting or investment control of the trusts assets or you had or shared control over its investments.
Accordingly, each time the words "you" or "your" are used in this document, they apply not only to your personal transactions and accounts, but to all the types of accounts and transactions described above . If you have any questions as to whether a particular account or transaction is covered by the Code, please contact the Code of Ethics Administration Department 650-312-3693 (ext. 23693) for guidance.
3.3 What Securities Are Exempt From the Code of Ethics?
You do not need to pre-clear or report transactions in the following types of securities:
(1) direct obligations of the U.S. government (i.e. securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds including U.S. savings bonds and derivatives thereof);
(2) money market instruments bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposits, commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments;
(3) shares of money market funds;
(4) shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end funds, none of which are Reportable Funds; and
(5) shares issued by U.S. and Canadian registered open-end funds (I.E. mutual funds) other than Reportable Funds.
Transactions in the types of securities listed above are also exempt from: (i) the prohibited transaction provisions contained in Section 3.4; (ii) the additional requirements applicable to Portfolio Persons; and (iii) the applicable reporting requirements contained in Part 4.
3.4 Prohibited Transactions and Transactions Requiring Pre-approval for Code of Ethics Persons
The transactions described below comprise a non-exclusive listing of those transactions that have been determined by the courts and the SEC to be prohibited by law. These types of transactions are a violation of the Statement of Principles and are prohibited. It should be noted that pre-clearance, which is a cornerstone of our compliance efforts, cannot detect inappropriate or illegal transactions, which are by their definition dependent upon intent. Therefore, personnel of the Code of Ethics Administration Department can assist you with compliance with the Code however, they cannot guarantee any particular transaction complies with the Code or any applicable law. The fact that your proposed transaction receives pre-clearance may not provide a full and complete defense to an accusation of a violation of the Code or of any laws. For example, if you executed a transaction for which you received pre-clearance, or if the transaction was exempt from pre-clearance (e.g., a transaction for 500 shares or less), that would not preclude a subsequent finding that front-running or scalping occurred because such activity is dependent upon your intent. In other words, your intent may not be able to be detected or determined when a particular transaction request is analyzed for pre-clearance, but can only be determined after a review of all the facts.
In the final analysis, adherence to the principles of the Code remains the responsibility of each person effecting personal securities transactions.
You shall not front-run any trade of a Fund or client. The term "front run" means knowingly trading before a contemplated transaction by a Fund or client of any Franklin Templeton adviser, whether or not your trade and the Fund's or client's trade take place in the same market. Front running is prohibited whether or not you realize a profit from such a transaction. Thus, you may not:
(a) purchase a security if you intend, or know of Franklin Templeton Investments intention, to purchase that security or a related security on behalf of a Fund or client, or
(b) sell a security if you intend, or know of Franklin Templeton Investments intention, to sell that security or a related security on behalf of a Fund or client.
You shall not purchase a security (or its economic equivalent) with the intention of recommending that the security be purchased for a Fund or client, or sell short a security (or its economic equivalent) with the intention of recommending that the security be sold for a Fund or client. Scalping is prohibited whether or not you realize a profit from such a transaction.
You shall not either buy a security if you know that the same or a related security is being bought contemporaneously by a Fund or client, or sell a security if you know that the same or a related security is being sold contemporaneously by a Fund or client.
Refer to Section I.A., Pre-clearance Standards, of Appendix A of the Code for more details regarding the pre-clearance of personal securities transactions.
You shall not:
(a) buy a security if you know that a Fund or client is selling the same or a related security; or has sold the security or
(b) sell a security if you know that a Fund or client is buying the same or a related security, or has bought the security.
Refer to Section I.A., Pre-clearance Standards, of Appendix A of the Code for more details regarding the pre-clearance of personal securities transactions.
You shall not effect a short sale of the securities, including short sales against the box of Franklin Resources, Inc., or any of the Franklin Templeton Group of closed-end funds, or any other security issued by Franklin Templeton Investments. This prohibition would also apply to effecting economically equivalent transactions, including, but not limited to purchasing and selling call or put options and swap transactions or other derivatives. Officers and directors of Franklin Templeton Investments, who are covered by Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, are reminded that their obligations under Section 16 are in addition to their obligations under this Code and other additional requirements with respect to pre-clearance and Rule 144 affiliate policies and procedures.
Franklin Templeton Investments seeks to discourage short-term or excessive trading, often referred to as market timing. Code of Ethics Persons must be familiar with the Market Timing Trading Policy described in the prospectus of each Fund in which they invest and must not engage in trading activity that might violate the purpose or intent of that policy. Accordingly, all directors, officers and employees of Franklin Templeton Investments must comply with the purpose and intent of each funds Market Timing Trading Policy and must not engage in any short-term or excessive trading in Funds. The Trade Control Team of each Funds transfer agent will monitor trading activity by directors, officers and employees and will report to the Code of Ethics Administration Department, trading patterns or behaviors that may constitute short-term or excessive trading. Given the importance of this issue, if the Code of Ethics Administration Department determines that you engaged in this type of activity, you will be subject to discipline, up to and including termination of employment and a permanent suspension of your ability to purchase shares of any Funds. This policy applies to Franklin Templeton funds including those Funds purchased through a 401(k) plan and to funds that are sub-advised by an investment adviser subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc., but does not apply to purchases and sales of Franklin Templeton money fund shares.
Code of Ethics Persons (excluding Independent Directors of FRI) may not serve as a director, trustee, or in a similar capacity for any public or private company (excluding not-for-profit companies, charitable groups, and eleemosynary organizations) unless you receive approval from the CEO of Franklin Resources, Inc. and it is determined that your service is consistent with the interests of the Funds and clients of Franklin Templeton Investments. You must notify the Code of Ethics Administration Department, of your interest in serving as a director, including your reasons for electing to take on the directorship by completing Schedule G. The Code of Ethics Administration Department will process the request through the Franklin Resources, Inc. CEO. If approved by the CEO of Franklin Resources, Inc. procedures applicable to serving as an outside director will be furnished to you by the Code of Ethics Administration Department. FRI Independent Directors are subject to the FRI Corporate Governance Guidelines with respect to service on another companys board.
Access Persons shall not buy securities in any initial public offering, or a secondary offering by an issuer except for offerings of securities made by closed-end funds that are either advised or sub-advised by a Franklin Templeton Investments adviser. Although exceptions are rarely granted, they will be considered on a case-by-case basis and only in accordance with procedures contained in section I.B. of Appendix A.
Access Persons shall not invest in limited partnerships (including interests in limited liability companies and business trusts) or other securities in a Limited Offering (private placement) without pre-approval from the Code of Ethics Administration Department. In order to seek consideration for pre-approval you must:
(a) complete the Limited Offering (Private Placement) Checklist (Schedule F);
(b) provide supporting documentation (e.g., a copy of the offering memorandum);
(c) obtain approval of the appropriate Chief Investment Officer; and
(d) submit all documents to the Code of Ethics Administration Department.
Approvals for such investments will be determined by the Director of Global Compliance or the Chief Compliance Officer.
Portfolio Persons shall not sell short any security held by Associated Clients, including short sales against the box. This prohibition also applies to effecting economically equivalent transactions, including, but not limited to, sales of uncovered call options, purchases of put options while not owning the underlying security and short sales of bonds that are convertible into equity positions.
Portfolio Persons shall not profit from the purchase and sale or sale and purchase within sixty (60) calendar days of any security in all his/her personal accounts taken in aggregate, including derivatives. Portfolio Persons are responsible for transactions that may occur in margin and option accounts and all such transactions must comply with this restriction. [2]
This restriction does not apply to:
(a) trading within a sixty (60) calendar day period if you do not realize a profit and you do not violate any other provisions of this Code;
(b) realizing profits from transactions occurring within a sixty (60) calendar day period pursuant to the exercise and/or purchase of shares in a program sponsored by a company employing you or your spouse when no other provision of the code are violated; and
(c) profiting on the purchase and sale or sale and purchase within sixty (60) calendar days of the following securities:
· securities that are direct obligations of the U.S. Government, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and U.S. Savings Bonds and derivatives thereof;
· high quality short-term instruments (money market instruments) including but not limited to (i) bankers acceptances, (ii) U.S. bank certificates of deposit; (iii) commercial paper; and (iv) repurchase agreements;
· shares of any registered open-end investment companies including Exchange Traded Funds (ETF), Holding Company Depository Receipts (Hldrs) and shares of Franklin Templeton Funds subject to the short term trading (market timing) policies described in each Funds prospectus;
· shares of Franklin Resources, Inc.; and
· call or put options on a financial index (index option).
Calculation of a profit on any short-swing transaction will be maximum gain realized based on the purchases and sales (or sales and purchases) occurring during the 60 day period. For example:
· 6/1/XX buy 1000 shares of Company ABC @ $10.00/share
· 7/1/XX buy 500 shares of Company ABC @ $15.00/share
· 7/15/XX sell 500 shares of Company ABC @ $14.00/share
The short swing profit would be calculated as follows:
· 7/15/XX sale of 500 shares of Company ABC @ $14.00/share = $7000
· 6/1/XX buy of 500 shares of Company ABC @ $10.00/share = $5000
Short-swing profit: $2000
As a Portfolio Person, you must promptly disclose your direct or indirect beneficial interest in the security of an issue,
(a) if you are involved, either directly or as part of a larger research group, in analysis of the issuer;
(b) if you participate in the decision to include the company on buy or sell lists or model portfolios; or
(c) before you place an initial order for an account you manage.
In such instances, you must initially disclose that beneficial interest to your Chief Investment Officer and/or Director of Research, with a copy to Code of Ethics Administration, using Schedule E (or on a form containing substantially similar information) that has been signed by your Chief Investment Officer and/or Director of Research.
Additionally, you must re-disclose to your Chief Investment Officer/Director of Research, if you participate in decisions to change the recommendation of the security (e.g., recommending to increase or decrease portfolio weighting).
References to Access Persons in this Part 4 do not apply to the Independent Directors of the Funds and of FRI. Reporting requirements applicable to Independent Directors of the Funds are separately described in Part 6.
4.1 Reporting of Beneficial Ownership and Securities Transactions
Compliance with the following personal securities transaction reporting procedures is essential to meeting our responsibilities with respect to the Funds and other clients as well as complying with regulatory requirements. You are expected to comply with both the letter and spirit of these requirements by completing and filing all reports required under the Code in a timely manner. If you have any questions about which reporting requirements apply to you, please contact the Code of Ethics Administration Department.
4.2 Initial Reports
All Supervised Persons, Access Persons and Portfolio Persons must complete and return an executed Acknowledgement Form to Human Resources or use an equivalent filing method to complete their filing no later than ten (10) calendar days after the date the person is notified by a member of the Human Resources Department.
In addition, all Access Persons and Portfolio Persons must also file Schedule C (Initial & Annual Disclosure of Brokerage Accounts, Securities Holdings and Discretionary Authority) by returning the completed form to Human Resources or use an equivalent filing method to complete their filing no later than ten (10) calendar days after becoming an Access or Portfolio Person. The submitted information must be current as of a date not more than forty-five (45) days prior to becoming an Access or Portfolio Person.
4.3 Quarterly Transaction Reports
Y ou must report all securities transactions except for those (1) effected pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan (however, any transaction that overrides the preset schedule or allocations of the automatic investment plan must be included in a quarterly transaction report); (2) that would duplicate information contained in broker confirmations or statements.
You must provide the Code of Ethics Administration Department no later than thirty (30) calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter, with either; (i) copies of all broker's confirmations and statements (which may be sent under separate cover by the broker) showing all your securities transactions and holdings in such securities, or (ii) a completed Schedule B (Transactions Report) or equivalent filing method. Please use Schedule B only when your securities transactions do not generate a statement or do not take place in a brokerage account. Brokerage statements and confirmations submitted must include all transactions in securities in which you have, or by reason of the transaction acquire any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, including transactions in a discretionary account and transactions for any account in which you have any economic interest and have or share investment control. Please remember that you must report all securities acquired by gift, inheritance, vesting, [3] stock splits, merger or reorganization of the issuer of the security.
Failure to timely report transactions is a violation of Rule 17j-1, Rule 204A-1, as well as the Code, and will be reported to the Director of Global Compliance and/or the Funds Board of Directors and may also result in disciplinary action, up to and including, termination.
4.4 Annual Reports
You must file a report of all personal securities accounts and securities holdings on Schedule C (Initial and Annual Disclosure of Brokerage Accounts, Investment Advisory Accounts, Securities Holdings and Discretionary Authority) or equivalent filing method, with the Code of Ethics Administration Department, annually by February 15 th . You must report the name and description of each securities account in which you have a direct or indirect beneficial interest, including securities accounts of your immediate family residing in the same household. You must provide information on any account that is covered under Section 3.2 of the Code.
This report should include all of your securities holdings, including any security acquired by a transaction, gift, inheritance, vesting, merger or reorganization of the issuer of the security, in which you have any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, including securities holdings in a discretionary account. Your securities holding information must be current as of a date no more than forty-five (45) days before the report is submitted. You may attach copies of year-end brokerage statements to Schedule C in lieu of listing each of your security positions on the Schedule.
Supervised Persons, Access Persons and Portfolio Persons will be asked to certify by February 15 th annually that they have complied with and will comply with the Code and Insider Trading Policy by filing the Acknowledgment Form with the Code of Ethics Administration Department.
4.5 Brokerage Accounts, Investment Advisory Accounts and Confirmations of Securities Transactions (Access Persons and Portfolio Persons)
Before or at a time contemporaneous with opening a brokerage account or investment advisory account with a registered broker-dealer, or a bank, or placing an initial order for the purchase or sale of securities with that broker-dealer, investment adviser or bank, you must:
(a) notify the Code of Ethics Administration Department, in writing, by completing Schedule D (Notification of Securities Account) or by providing substantially similar information through an equivalent filing method; and
(b) notify the institution with which you open the account, in writing, of your association with Franklin Templeton Investments.
The Code of Ethics Administration Department will request, in writing, that the institution send duplicate copies of confirmations and statements for all transactions effected in the account simultaneously with their mailing of such confirmation and statement to you.
If you have an existing account on the effective date of this Code or upon becoming an Access or Portfolio Person, you must comply within ten (10) days with conditions (a) and (b) above.
References to Access Persons in this Part 5 do not apply to the Independent Directors of the Funds and Certain Investment Advisory Subsidiaries of FRI. Pre-clearance requirements applicable to Independent Directors of the Funds are separately described in Part 6.
Prior Approval (Pre-Clearance) of Securities Transactions
You shall not buy or sell any security without first contacting a member of the Code of Ethics Administration Department either electronically or by phone and obtaining his or her approval, unless your proposed transaction is covered by paragraph B below. Approval for a proposed transaction will remain valid until the close of the business day following the day pre-clearance is granted but may be extended in special circumstances, shortened or rescinded, as explained in the section entitled Pre-clearance Standards in Appendix A.
You do not need to request pre-clearance for the types of securities or transactions listed below. However, all other provisions of the Code apply, including, but not limited to: (i) the prohibited transaction provisions contained in Part 3.4 such as front-running; (ii) the additional compliance requirements applicable to Portfolio Persons contained in Part 3.4(D), (iii) the applicable reporting requirements contained in Part 4; and (iv) insider trading prohibitions described in the Insider Trading Policy.
If you have any questions, contact the Code of Ethics Administration Department before engaging in the transaction. If you have any doubt whether you have or might acquire direct or indirect beneficial ownership or have or share investment control over an account or entity in a particular transaction, or whether a transaction involves a security covered by the Code, you should consult with the Code of Ethics Administration Department before engaging in the transaction.
You need not pre-clear the following types of transactions or securities:
1) Franklin Resources, Inc., and Closed-End Funds of Franklin Templeton Group of Funds . Purchases and sales of securities of Franklin Resources, Inc. and closed-end funds of Franklin Templeton Group of Funds, as these securities cannot be purchased on behalf of our advisory clients. [4]
2) Shares of open-end investment companies (including Reportable Funds).
3) Small Quantities (Not applicable to option transactions (except index options) or Corporate Bonds).
· Transactions that in the aggregate do not exceed 500 shares purchased and/or 500 shares sold of any security regardless of where it is traded in any 30-day period including Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) (including SPDRS), Holding Company Depository Receipts (Holdrs) and index/ETF options (5 contracts); or
· Transactions in municipal bonds with a face value of $100,000 or less in any 30-day period.
· Option Transactions and Corporate Bond Transactions: The small quantities rule is not applicable to transactions in options (except index options) and corporate bonds. All option and corporate bond transactions must be pre-cleared except for employer stock options as noted in Employer Stock Option Programs below.
Please note that you may not execute any transaction, regardless of quantity, if you learn that the Funds or clients are active in the security. It will be presumed that you have knowledge of Fund or client activity in the security if, among other things, you are denied approval to go forward with a transaction request .
Security, includes securities of the issuer that are economically equivalent to your proposed transaction. For example, you may not purchase convertible preferred stock or call options of Company ABC if you learn that the Funds or clients are active in the common stock of Company ABC.
4) Dividend Reinvestment Plans: Transactions made pursuant to dividend reinvestment plans (DRIPs) do not require pre-clearance regardless of quantity or Fund activity.
5) Government Obligations . Transactions in securities issued or guaranteed by the governments of the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Japan, or their agencies or instrumentalities, or derivatives thereof.
6) Payroll Deduction Plans . Securities purchased by an Access Persons spouse pursuant to a payroll deduction program.
7) Employer Stock Option Programs . Transactions involving the exercise and/or purchase/sale by an Access Person or an Access Persons spouse of securities pursuant to a program sponsored by a company employing the Access Person or Access Persons spouse.
8) Pro Rata Distributions . Purchases effected by the exercise of rights issued pro rata to all holders of a class of securities or the sale of rights so received.
9) Tender Offers . Transactions in securities pursuant to a bona fide tender offer made for any and all such securities to all similarly situated shareholders in conjunction with mergers, acquisitions, reorganizations and/or similar corporate actions. However, tenders pursuant to offers for less than all outstanding securities of a class of securities of an issuer must be pre-cleared.
10) Securities Prohibited for Purchase by the Funds and other Clients . Transactions in any securities that are prohibited investments for all Funds and clients advised by the entity employing the Access Person.
11) Variable Rate Demand Obligation/Note transactions.
12) No Investment Control . Transactions effected for an account or entity over which you do not have or share investment control (i.e., an account where someone else exercises complete investment control).
13) No Beneficial Ownership . Transactions in which you do not acquire or dispose of direct or indirect beneficial ownership (i.e., an account where in you have no financial interest).
You need not pre-clear transactions in any discretionary account for which a registered broker-dealer, a registered investment adviser, or other investment manager acting in a similar fiduciary capacity, exercises sole investment discretion, if the following conditions are met: [5]
(1) The terms of each account relationship ("Agreement") must be in writing and filed with the Code of Ethics Administration Department prior to any transactions.
(2) Any amendment to each Agreement must be filed with the Code of Ethics Administration Department prior to its effective date.
(3) The Access Person certifies to the Code of Ethics Administration Department at the time such account relationship commences, and annually thereafter, as contained in Schedule C of the Code that such Access Person does not have direct or indirect influence or control over the account, other than the right to terminate the account.
(4) Additionally, any discretionary account that you open or maintain with a registered broker-dealer, a registered investment adviser, or other investment manager acting in a similar fiduciary capacity must provide duplicate copies of confirmations and statements for all transactions effected in the account simultaneously with their delivery to you. If your discretionary account acquires securities that are not reported to the Code of Ethics Administration Department by a duplicate confirmation, such transaction must be reported to the Code of Ethics Administration Department on Schedule B (Transactions Report) no later than thirty (30) days after the end of the calendar quarter after you are notified of the acquisition. [6]
However, if prior to making any request you advised the discretionary account manager to enter into or refrain from a specific transaction or class of transactions, you must first consult with the Code of Ethics Administration Department and obtain approval prior to making such request.
6.1 Pre-clearance Requirements
Independent Directors of the Funds and certain investment advisory subsidiaries of FRI shall pre-clear or report on any securities transactions if they knew or should have known that during the 15-day period before or after the transaction the security was purchased or sold or considered for purchase or sale by the Fund. Such pre-clearance and reporting requirements shall not apply to securities transactions conducted in an account where an Independent Director has granted full investment discretion to a brokerage firm, bank or investment adviser or conducted in a trust account in which the trustee has full investment discretion.
6.2 Reporting Requirements
1. Acknowledgement Form
2. Disclosure of Securities Holdings, Brokerage Accounts and Discretionary Authority
Independent Directors of the Funds and certain investment advisory subsidiaries of FRI are not required to file any quarterly transaction reports unless he/she knew or should have known that, during the 15-day period before or after a transaction, the security was purchased or sold, or considered for purchase or sale, by a Fund or by Franklin Templeton Investments on behalf of a Fund.
Independent Directors of the Funds and certain investment advisory subsidiaries of FRI will be asked to certify by February 1st annually that they have complied with and will comply with the Code and Insider Trading Policy by filing the Acknowledgment Form with the Code of Ethics Administration Department.
The Code is designed to assure compliance with applicable laws and to maintain shareholder confidence in Franklin Templeton Investments.
In adopting this Code, it is the intention of the Boards of Directors/Trustees of the subsidiaries listed in Appendix C of this Code, together with Franklin Resources, Inc., and the Funds, to attempt to achieve 100% compliance with all requirements of the Code but recognize that this may not be possible. Certain incidental failures to comply with the Code are not necessarily a violation of the law or the Code. Such violations of the Code not resulting in a violation of law or the Code will be referred to the Director of Global Compliance and/or the Chief Compliance Officer and/or the relevant management personnel, and disciplinary action commensurate with the violation, if warranted, will be imposed. Additionally, if you violate any of the enumerated prohibited transactions contained in Parts 3.4 of the Code, you will be expected to give up any profits realized from these transactions to Franklin Resources, Inc. for the benefit of the affected Funds or other clients. If Franklin Resources, Inc. cannot determine which Funds or clients were affected the proceeds will be donated to a charity chosen either by you or by Franklin Resources, Inc. Please refer to the following page for guidance on the types of sanctions that would likely be imposed for violations of the Code.
Failure to disgorge profits when requested or even a pattern of violations that individually do not violate the law or the Code, but which taken together demonstrate a lack of respect for the Code, may result in more significant disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment . A violation of the Code resulting in a violation of the law will be severely sanctioned, with disciplinary action potentially including, but not limited to, referral of the matter to the board of directors of the affected Fund, senior management of the appropriate investment adviser, principal underwriter or other Franklin subsidiary and/or the board of directors of Franklin Resources, Inc., termination of employment and referral of the matter to the appropriate regulatory agency for civil and/or criminal investigation.
Code of Ethics Sanction Guidelines
Please be aware that these guidelines represent only a representative sampling of the possible sanctions that may be taken against you in the event of a violation of the Code. Repeated violations of the Code, even inadvertent violations that do not harm Funds or Clients, will be viewed as disregarding principals of the Code and sanction will be more severe.
The Insider Trading Policy (see the attached Insider Trading Compliance Policy and Procedures) deals with the problem of insider trading in securities that could result in harm to a Fund, a client, or members of the public. It applies to all Code of Ethics Persons. The guidelines and requirements described in the Insider Trading Policy go hand-in-hand with the Code. If you have any questions or concerns about compliance with the Code and the Insider Trading Policy you are encouraged to speak with the Code of Ethics Administration Department.
This appendix sets forth the responsibilities and obligations of the Compliance Officers of each entity subject to the Code, the Code of Ethics Administration Department, and the Legal Department, under the Code and Insider Trading Policy.
A. Pre-clearance Standards
The Director of Global Compliance, the Chief Compliance Officer and/or the Code of Ethics Administration Department, shall permit an Access Person to go forward with a proposed security [7] transaction only if he or she determines that, considering all of the facts and circumstances known to them, the transaction does not violate Federal Securities Laws, or this Code and there is no likelihood of harm to a Fund or client.
2. Associated Clients
Unless there are special circumstances that make it appropriate to disapprove a personal securities transaction request, the Code of Ethics Administration Department shall consider only those securities transactions of the Associated Clients of the Access Person, including open and executed orders and recommendations, in determining whether to approve such a request. Associated Clients are those Funds or clients whose securities holdings and/or trading information would be available to the Access Person during the course of his or her regular functions or duties. As of November 2004, there are five groups of Associated Clients: (i) the Franklin Mutual Series Funds and clients advised by Franklin Mutual Advisers, LLC (Mutual Clients); (ii) the Franklin Group of Funds and the clients advised by the various Franklin investment advisers (Franklin Clients); (iii) the Templeton Group of Funds and the clients advised by the various Templeton investment advisers (Templeton Clients); (iv) the Bissett Group of Funds and the clients advised by Franklin Templeton Investments Corp. (Bissett Clients); and (v) the Fiduciary Group of funds and the clients advised by the various Fiduciary investment advisers (Fiduciary Clients). Other Associated Clients will be added to this list as they are established. Thus, for example, persons who have access to the trading information of Mutual Clients generally will be pre-cleared solely against the securities transactions of the Mutual Clients, including open and executed orders and recommendations. Similarly, persons who have access to the trading information of Franklin Clients, Templeton Clients, Bissett Clients, or Fiduciary Clients, generally will be pre-cleared solely against the securities transactions of Franklin Clients, Templeton Clients, Bissett Clients or Fiduciary Clients respectively.
Certain officers of Franklin Templeton Investments, as well as certain employees in the Legal, Global Compliance, Fund Accounting, Investment Operations and other personnel who generally have access to trading information of the Funds and clients of Franklin Templeton Investments during the course of their regular functions and duties, will have their personal securities transactions pre-cleared against executed transactions, open orders and recommendations of all Associated Clients.
3. Specific Standards
No clearance shall be given for any transaction in any security on any day during which an Associated Client of the Access Person has executed a buy or sell order in that security, until seven (7) calendar days after the order has been executed. Notwithstanding a transaction in the previous seven days, clearance may be granted to sell if all Associated Clients have disposed of the security.
No clearance shall be given for any transaction in any security on any day which an Associated Client of the Access Person has a pending buy or sell order for such security, until seven (7) calendar days after the order has been executed or if the order is immediately withdrawn.
No clearance shall be given for any transaction in any security on any day on which a recommendation for such security was made by a Portfolio Person, until seven (7) calendar days after the recommendation was made and no orders have subsequently been executed or are pending.
In considering requests by Access Persons for approval of limited partnerships and other limited offering, the Director of Global Compliance or Chief Compliance Officer shall take into account, among other factors, whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for a Fund or other client, and whether the investment opportunity is being offered to the Access Person by virtue of his or her position with Franklin Templeton Investments. If the Access Person receives clearance for the transaction, an investment in the same issuer may only be made for a Fund or client if an executive officer of Franklin Resources, Inc., who has been informed of the Portfolio Person's pre-existing investment and who has no interest in the issuer, approves the transaction. Please see Schedule F.
B. Waivers by the Director of Global Compliance and/or the Chief Compliance Officer
The Director of Global Compliance and/or the Chief Compliance Officer may, in his or her discretion, waive compliance by any Access Person with the provisions of the Code, if he or she finds that such a waiver:
(1) is necessary to alleviate undue hardship or in view of unforeseen circumstances or is otherwise appropriate under all the relevant facts and circumstances;
(2) will not be inconsistent with the purposes and objectives of the Code;
(3) will not adversely affect the interests of advisory clients of Franklin Templeton Investments, the interests of Franklin Templeton Investments or its affiliates; and
(4) will not result in a transaction or conduct that would violate provisions of applicable laws or regulations.
Any waiver shall be in writing, shall contain a statement of the basis for it, and the Director of Global Compliance or the Chief Compliance Officer, shall promptly send a copy to the General Counsel of Franklin Resources, Inc.
C. Continuing Responsibilities of the Code of Ethics Administration Department
Pre-clearance Recordkeeping
The Code of Ethics Administration Department shall keep a record of all requests for pre-clearance regarding the purchase or sale of a security, including the date of the request, the name of the Access Person, the details of the proposed transaction, and whether the request was approved or denied. The Code of Ethics Administration Department shall keep a record of any waivers given, including the reasons for each exception and a description of any potentially conflicting Fund or client transactions.
Initial, Annual Holdings Reports and Quarterly Transaction Reports
The Code of Ethics Administration Department shall also collect the signed Acknowledgment Forms from Supervised and Access Persons as well as reports, on Schedules B, C, D, E, F, G of the Code, as applicable. In addition, the Code of Ethics Administration Department shall keep records of all confirmations, and other information with respect to an account opened and maintained with the broker-dealer by any Access Person of Franklin Templeton Investments. The Code of Ethics Administration Department shall preserve those acknowledgments and reports, the records of consultations and waivers, and the confirmations, and other information for the period required by the applicable regulation.
The Code of Ethics Administration Department shall review brokerage transaction confirmations, account statements, Schedules B, C, D, E, F and G for compliance with the Code. The reviews shall include, but are not limited to;
(1) Comparison of brokerage confirmations, Schedule Bs, and/or brokerage statements to pre-clearance requests or, if a private placement, the Private Placement Checklist;
(2) Comparison of brokerage statements and/or Schedule Cs to current securities holding information, securities account information and discretionary authority information; and
(3) Conducting periodic "back-testing" of Access Person transactions, Schedule Cs and/or Schedule Es in comparison to fund and client transactions.
The Code of Ethics Administration Department shall evidence review by initialing and dating the appropriate document or log. Violations of the Code detected by the Code of Ethics Administration Department during his or her reviews shall be promptly brought to the attention of the Director of Global Compliance and/or the Chief Compliance Officer with periodic reports to each appropriate Chief Compliance Officer.
D. Periodic Responsibilities of the Code of Ethics Administration Department
The Code of Ethics Administration Department or designated group shall consult with FRIs General Counsel and seek the assistance of the Human Resources Department, as the case may be, to assure that:
1. Adequate reviews and audits are conducted to monitor compliance with the reporting, pre-clearance, prohibited transaction and other requirements of the Code.
2. All Code of Ethics Persons are adequately informed and receive appropriate education and training as to their duties and obligations under the Code.
3. All new Supervised and Access Persons of Franklin Templeton Investments are required to complete the Code of Ethics Computer Based Training program. Onsite training will be conducted on an as needed basis.
4. There are adequate educational, informational and monitoring efforts to ensure that reasonable steps are taken to prevent and detect unlawful insider trading by Supervised and Access Persons and to control access to inside information.
5. Written compliance reports are submitted to the Board of Directors of each relevant Fund at least quarterly. Additionally, written compliance reports are submitted to the Board of Directors of Franklin Resources, Inc., and the Board of each relevant Fund at least annually. Such reports will describe any issues arising under the Code or procedures since the last report, including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the Code or procedures and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations.
6. The Global Compliance Department will certify at least annually to the Fund's board of directors that Franklin Templeton Investments has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Supervised and Access Persons from violating the Code, and
7. Appropriate records are kept for the periods required by law. Types of records include pre-clearance requests and approvals, brokerage confirmations, brokerage statements, initial and annual Code of Ethics certifications.
E. Approval by Fund's Board of Directors
(1) Basis for Approval
The Board of Directors/Trustees must base its approval of the Code on a determination that the Code contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent Code of Ethics Persons from engaging in any conduct prohibited by Rule 17j-1 or Rule 204A-1. The Code of Ethics Administration Department maintains a detailed list of violations and will amend the Code of Ethics and procedures in an attempt to reduce such violations.
(2) New Funds
At the time a new fund is organized, the Code Of Ethics Administration Department will provide the Fund's board of directors, a certification that the investment adviser and principal underwriter has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Code of Ethics Persons from violating the Code. Such certification will state that the Code contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent Code of Ethics Persons from violating the Code.
(3) Material Changes to the Code of Ethics
The Global Compliance Department will provide the Fund's board of directors a written description of all material changes to the Code no later than six months after adoption of the material change by Franklin Templeton Investments.
For purposes of the Code of Ethics and Insider Trading Policy, the terms below have the following meanings:
1934 Act - The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
1940 Act - The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
Access Person (1) Each director, trustee, general partner or officer of a Fund or investment adviser in Franklin Templeton Investments; (2) any Advisory Representative; and (3) any director, trustee, general partner or officer of a principal underwriter of the Funds, who has access to information concerning recommendations made to a Fund or client with regard to the purchase or sale of a security.
Advisers Act The Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.
Advisory Representative - Any director, trustee, general partner, officer or employee of a Fund or investment adviser in Franklin Templeton Investments (or of any company in a control relationship to such Fund or investment adviser) who in connection with his or her regular functions or duties makes any recommendation, who participates in the determination of which recommendation shall be made, whose functions or duties relate to the determination of which recommendation shall be made; or who, obtains any information concerning which securities are being recommended prior to the effective dissemination of such recommendations or of the information concerning such recommendations.
Affiliated Person it has the same meaning as Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act of 1940. An affiliated person of an investment company includes directors, officers, employees, and the investment adviser. In addition, it includes any person owning 5% of the companys voting securities, any person in which the investment company owns 5% or more of the voting securities, and any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the company.
Appropriate Analyst - With respect to any Access Person, any securities analyst or portfolio manager making investment recommendations or investing funds on behalf of an Associated Client and who may be reasonably expected to recommend or consider the purchase or sale of a security.
Associated Client - A Fund or client whose trading information would be available to the Access Person during the course of his or her regular functions or duties.
Automatic Investment Plan - A program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocations. An automatic investment plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.
Beneficial Ownership - Has the same meaning as in Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the 1934 Act. Generally, a person has a beneficial ownership in a security if he or she, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in the security. There is a presumption of a pecuniary interest in a security held or acquired by a member of a person's immediate family sharing the same household.
Exchange Traded Funds and Holding Company Depository Receipts - An Exchange-Traded Fund or ETF is a basket of securities that is designed to generally track an index broad stock or bond market , stock industry sector , or international stock . Holding Company Depository Receipts Holdrs are securities that represent an investors ownership in the common stock or American Depository Receipts of specified companies in a particular industry, sector or group.
Funds U.S. registered investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
Held or to be Acquired - A security is "held or to be acquired" if within the most recent 15 days it (i) is or has been held by a Fund, or (ii) is being or has been considered by a Fund or its investment adviser for purchase by the Fund.
Initial Public Offering An offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, the issuer of which immediately before the registration was not subject to the reporting requirements of sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Limited Offering - An offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to section 4(2) or Section 4(6) or pursuant to Rule 504, Rule 505, or Rule 506 under the Securities Act of 1933.
Portfolio Person - Any employee of Franklin Templeton Investments, who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in the decision to purchase or sell a security by a Fund in the Franklin Templeton Groups of Funds, or any other client or if his or her functions relate to the making of any recommendations about those purchases or sales. Portfolio Persons include portfolio managers, research analysts, traders, persons serving in equivalent capacities (such as Management Trainees), persons supervising the activities of Portfolio Persons, and anyone else designated by the Director of Global Compliance.
Proprietary Information - Information that is obtained or developed during the ordinary course of employment with Franklin Templeton Investments, whether by you or someone else, and is not available to persons outside of Franklin Templeton Investments. Examples of such Proprietary Information include, among other things, internal research reports, research materials supplied to Franklin Templeton Investments by vendors and broker-dealers not generally available to the public, minutes of departmental/research meetings and conference calls, and communications with company officers (including confidentiality agreements). Examples of non-Proprietary Information include mass media publications (e.g., The Wall Street Journal, Forbes, and Fortune), certain specialized publications available to the public (e.g., Morningstar, Value Line, Standard and Poors), and research reports available to the general public.
Reportable Fund Any fund for which an Franklin Templeton Investments U.S. registered investment adviser (FTI Adviser) serves as an investment adviser or a sub-adviser or any fund whose investment adviser or principal underwriter controls a FTI Adviser, is controlled by a FTI adviser or is under common control with a FTI Adviser.
Security - Any stock, note, bond, evidence of indebtedness, participation or interest in any profit-sharing plan or limited or general partnership, investment contract, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil or gas or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security (including a certificate of deposit), guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe for or purchase any of the foregoing, and in general any interest or instrument commonly known as a security. For purposes of the Code, security does not include:
1. direct obligations of the U.S. government (i.e. securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds including U.S. savings bonds and derivatives thereof);
2. money market instruments bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposits, commercial paper, repurchase agreement and other high quality short-term debt instruments;
3. shares of money market funds;
4. shares issued by open-end funds other than Reportable Funds; and
5. Shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end funds, none of which are Reportable Funds.
Supervised Persons - Supervised persons are a U.S. registered investment advisers partners, officers, directors (or other persons occupying a similar status or performing similar functions), and employees, as well as any other persons who provide advice on behalf of the adviser and are subject to the supervision and control of the adviser.
Initial and Annual
Code of Ethics and Insider Trading Compliance Policy and Procedures
Instructions:
Print form, complete, sign and date. Submit completed form as indicated below:
Ø Initial Disclosure to: Local Human Resources Dept. Contact Person
Ø Annual Disclosure to: Code of Ethics Administration Dept.
Inter-office: Code of Ethics Administration, SM-920/2 Fax: (650) 312-5646
U.S. Mail: Franklin Templeton Investments E-mail: Preclear-Code of Ethics (internal)
Attn: Code of Ethics Administration Dept. Lpreclear@frk.com (external)
P.O. Box 25050
San Mateo, CA 94402-5050
To: Code of Ethics Administration Department
I hereby acknowledge receipt of a copy of the Franklin Templeton Investment's Code Of Ethics (Code) and Insider Trading Compliance Policy and Procedures, as amended, which I have read and understand. I will comply fully with all provisions of the Code and the Insider Trading Policy to the extent they apply to me during the period of my employment. If this is an annual certification, I certify that I have complied with all provisions of the Code and the Insider Trading Policy to the extent they applied to me over the past year. Additionally, I authorize any broker-dealer, bank, or investment adviser with whom I have securities accounts and accounts in which I have direct or indirect beneficial ownership, to provide brokerage confirmations and statements as required for compliance with the Code. I further understand and acknowledge that any violation of the Code or Insider Trading Policy, including engaging in a prohibited transaction or failure to file reports as required (see Schedules B, C, D, E, F and G), may subject me to disciplinary action up to and including termination of employment.
Name (print) |
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Employee ID |
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Access Person |
Supervised Person |
Portfolio Person |
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Initial Disclosure (check this box if youre a new access person) |
Annual Disclosure (check this box if annual certification) |
Year End (for compliance use only) |
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Craig Tyle
Executive Vice President & General Counsel
Franklin Templeton Investments
One Franklin Parkway
San Mateo, CA 94403-1906
Tel: (650) 312-4161
Fax: (650) 312-2221
Email: ctyle@frk.com
Jim Davis
Franklin Templeton Investments
One Franklin Parkway
San Mateo, CA 94403-1906
Tel: (650) 312-2832
Fax: (650) 312-5676
Email: jdavis@frk.com
Breda Beckerle
Franklin Templeton Investments
600 5
th
Avenue, 5
th
Floor
New York, NY 10020
Tel: (212) 632-3025
Fax: (212) 632-4055
Email: bbecker@frk.com
Maria Abbott, Manager
Darlene James
Simon Li
Tadao Hayashi
Global Compliance Department
Franklin Templeton Investments
One Franklin Parkway
San Mateo, CA 94403-1906
Tel: (650) 312-3693
Fax: (650) 312-5646
Email: Preclear-Code of Ethics (internal)
Lpreclear@frk.com (external)
Instructions:
Print form, complete, sign and date. Submit completed form to the Code of Ethics Administration Department via:
Inter-office: Code of Ethics Administration, SM-920/2 Fax: (650) 312-5646
U.S. Mail: Franklin Templeton Investments E-mail: Preclear-Code of Ethics (internal)
Attn: Code of Ethics Administration Dept. Lpreclear@frk.com (external)
P.O. Box 25050
San Mateo, CA 94402-5050
This report of personal securities transactions not reported by duplicate confirmations and brokerage statements pursuant to Section 4.3 of the Code is required pursuant to Rule 204A-1of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and Rule 17j-1(d) of the Investment Company Act of 1940. The report must be completed and submitted to the Code of Ethics Administration Department no later than thirty (30) calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter in which you completed such as transaction. Refer to Section 4.3 of the Code for further instructions.
Trade Date |
Buy, Sell or Other |
Security Name Description/Ticker Symbol or CUSIP number/ Type of Security (Interest Rate and Maturity Date, if applicable) |
Quantity (Number of Shares) |
Price (& currency type if not in U.S. dollars) |
Principal Amount (& currency type if not in U.S. dollars) |
Broker-Dealer/ Bank and Account Number |
Pre-Cleared through Compliance Department (Date or N/A) |
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This report shall not be construed as an admission that I have any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the securities described above.
Name (print) |
Signature |
Date Submitted |
Employee ID |
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Instructions:
Print form, complete, sign and date. Submit completed form as indicated below:
Ø Initial Disclosure to: Local Human Resources Dept. Contact Person
Ø Annual Disclosure to: Code of Ethics Administration Dept.
Inter-office: Code of Ethics Administration, SM-920/2 Fax: (650) 312-5646
U.S. Mail: Franklin Templeton Investments E-mail: Preclear-Code of Ethics (internal)
Attn: Code of Ethics Administration Dept. Lpreclear@frk.com (external)
P.O. Box 25050
San Mateo, CA 94402-5050
This report shall set forth the name and/or description of each securities account and holding in which you have a direct or indirect beneficial interest, including securities accounts and holdings of a spouse, minor children or other immediate family member living in your home, trusts, foundations, and any account for which trading authority has been delegated to you, other than authority to trade for a Fund or other client of Franklin Templeton Investments or by you to an unaffiliated registered broker-dealer, registered investment adviser, or other investment manager acting in a similar fiduciary capacity, who exercises sole investment discretion. In lieu of listing each securities account and holding below, you may attach copies of current brokerage statements, sign below and return the Schedule C along with the brokerage statements to the Code of Ethics Administration Department within 10 days of becoming an Access Person if an initial report or by February 1st of each year, if an annual report. The information in this Schedule C or any attached brokerage statements must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date you become an Access Person or the date you submit your annual report. Refer to Part 4 of the Code for additional filing instructions.
Securities that are EXEMPT from being reported on the Schedule C include: (i) securities that are direct obligations of the U.S. Government, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and U.S. Savings Bonds and derivatives thereof; (ii) high quality short-term instruments (money market instruments) including but not limited to bankers acceptances, U.S. bank certificates of deposit; commercial paper; and repurchase agreements; (iii) shares of money market funds; shares issued by open-end funds other than Reportable Funds (any fund for which a Franklin Templeton Investments U.S. registered investment adviser (FTI Adviser) serves as an investment adviser or a sub-adviser or any fund whose investment adviser or principal underwriter is controlled by an FTI adviser or is under common control with a FTI adviser); and shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested in one or more open-end funds none of which are Reportable Funds.
¨ I do not have any brokerage or investment advisory accounts.
¨ I do not have any securities holdings.
¨ I have attached statements containing all my brokerage and investment advisory accounts and securities holdings.
¨ I have listed my brokerage and investment advisory accounts containing no securities holdings.
¨
I have listed my securities holdings not held in a brokerage or investment advisory account.
Account Name(s) (registration shown on statement) |
Name of Securities Firm, Bank or Investment Adviser |
Address of Securities Firm, Bank or Investment Adviser (Street/City/State/Zip Code) |
Account Number (including Fund Number if applicable) |
Security Description/Title/Ticker Symbol or CUSIP # (interest rate & maturity if appropriate)
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Quantity Number of Shares, Principal Amount (& currency type if not in U.S. dollars) |
Check this box if Discretionary Account |
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To the best of my knowledge, I have disclosed all of my securities and investment advisory accounts and/or holdings in which I have a direct or indirect beneficial interest, including securities and investment advisory accounts and/or holdings of a spouse, minor children or other immediate member living in my home, trusts, foundations, and any account for which trading authority has been delegated to me or by me to an unaffiliated registered broker-dealer, registered investment adviser, or other investment manager acting in a similar fiduciary capacity, who exercises sole investment discretion.
Name (print) |
Signature |
Date Submitted |
Employee ID |
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Initial Disclosure (check this box if youre a new access person) |
Annual Disclosure (check this box if annual certification) |
Year End (for compliance use only) |
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Instructions: Print form, complete, sign and date. Submit completed form to Code of Ethics Administration via:
Inter-office: Code of Ethics Administration, SM-920/2 Fax: (650) 312-5646
U.S. Mail: Franklin Templeton Investments E-mail: Preclear-Code of Ethics (internal)
Attn: Code of Ethics Administration Dept. Lpreclear@frk.com (external)
P.O. Box 25050
San Mateo, CA 94402-5050
All Access Persons, prior to opening a securities account or placing an initial order in the new account , are required to notify the Code of Ethics Administration Department and the executing broker-dealer in writing. This includes accounts in which the Access Person has or will have a financial interest in (e.g., a spouses account) or discretionary authority (e.g., a trust account for a minor child) and for Reportable Funds.
Upon receipt of the NOTIFICATION OF SECURITIES ACCOUNT form, the Code of Ethics Administration Department will contact the broker-dealer identified below and request that duplicate confirmations and statements of your brokerage account are sent to Franklin Templeton Investments.
ACCOUNT INFORMATION:
Name on the Account (If other than employee, state relationship i.e., spouse) |
Account Number including fund number if applicable |
Date Established |
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Name of Securities Firm |
Your Representative (optional) |
Securities Firm Address (City/State/Zip Code) |
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EMPLOYEE INFORMATION:
Name (print) |
Signature |
Date Submitted |
Employee ID |
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Department Name |
Interoffice Mail Code |
Phone Extension |
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Code of Ethics Designation |
NASD Registered Representative (Series 6, 7, etc.) |
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¨ Non Access Person ¨ Supervised Person ¨ Access Person ¨ Portfolio Person |
¨ Yes ¨ No |
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Instructions: Print form, complete, sign and date. Obtain required signature and submit completed form to the Code of Ethics Administration department via:
Inter-office: Code of Ethics Administration, SM-920/2 Fax: (650) 312-5646
U.S. Mail: Franklin Templeton Investments E-mail: Preclear-Code of Ethics (internal)
If you have any beneficial ownership in a security and you influence, either directly or via the appropriate analyst that the security be considered for purchase or sale by an Associated Client, or if a purchase or sale of that security for an Associated Client is executed, you must disclose your beneficial ownership to the Chief Investment Officer and/or Director of Research on Schedule E (or an equivalent form containing similar information) before the purchase or sale of the security, or before or simultaneously with the recommendation to purchase or sell a security. The Chief Investment Officer and/or Director of Research must review and sign Schedule E and send a copy to the Code of Ethics Administration Department.
Security Description |
Ownership Type: (Direct or Indirect) |
Year Acquired |
Method of Acquisition (Purchase/Gift/ Other) |
Date and Method Learned that Securitys Under Consideration by Funds |
Primary Portfolio Manager or Portfolio Analyst |
Name of Person Notified |
Date of Verbal Notification |
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Employees Name (print) |
Signature |
Date Submitted |
Employee ID |
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Chief Investment Officer or Director of Researchs Name (print) |
Signature |
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Instructions: Print form, complete, sign, date and obtain CIOs signature. Submit completed form to the Code of Ethics Administration department via:
Inter-office: Code of Ethics Administration, SM-920/2 Fax: (650) 312-5646
U.S. Mail: Franklin Templeton Investments E-mail: Preclear-Code of Ethics (internal)
P.O. Box 25050
San Mateo, CA 94402-5050
In deciding whether to approve a transaction, the Director of Global Compliance or the Chief Compliance Officer shall take into account, among other factors, whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for a Fund or other client, and whether the investment opportunity is being offered to the Access Person by virtue of his or her position with Franklin Templeton Investments. If the Access Person receives clearance for the transaction, no investment in the same issuer may be made for a Fund or client unless an executive officer of Franklin Resources, Inc., with no interest in the issuer, approves the transaction.
Name/Description of Proposed Investment: |
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Please respond to the following questions:
a) If you are designated as a portfolio person, was this investment opportunity presented to you in your capacity as a portfolio manager? If no, please explain the relationship, if any, you have to the issuer or principals of the issuer.
b) If you are designated as a portfolio person, i s this investment opportunity suitable for any fund/client that you advise? [10] If yes, why isnt the investment being made on behalf of the fund/client? If no, why isnt the investment opportunity suitable for the fund/clients?
c) If you are designated as a portfolio person, do any of the fund/clients that you advise presently hold securities of the issuer of this proposed investment (e.g., common stock, preferred stock, corporate debt, loan participations, partnership interests, etc), ? If yes, please provide the names of the funds/clients and security description.
d) Do you presently have or will you have any managerial role with the company/issuer as a result of your investment? If yes, please explain in detail your responsibilities, including any compensation you will receive.
e) Will you have any investment control or input to the investment decision making process?
f) Will you receive reports of portfolio holdings? If yes, when and how frequently will these be provided?
Please attach pages of the offering memorandum (or other documents) summarizing the investment opportunity, including:
i) name of the partnership/hedge fund/issuer;
ii) name of the general partner, location & telephone number;
iii) summary of the offering; including the total amount the offering/issuer;
iv) percentage your investment will represent of the total offering;
v) plan of distribution; and
vi) investment objective and strategy.
Reminder: Personal securities transactions that do not generate brokerage confirmations (e.g., investments in private placements) must be reported to the Code of Ethics Administration Department on Schedule B no later than 30 calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter the transaction took place.
Employees Name (print) |
Signature |
Date Submitted |
Employee ID |
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"As Chief Investment Officer, I confirm, to the best of my knowledge and belief, that I have reviewed the private placement and do not believe that the proposed personal trade will be contrary to the best interests of any of our funds' or clients' portfolios. I also understand that because of this clearance, no investment in the same issuer may be made for a Fund or client unless an executive officer of Franklin Resources, Inc., with no interest in the issuer, approves the transaction . "
To restrict investments in Fund or client accounts, please add this security to the following restricted lists:
Domestic watchlist ¨ Yes ¨ No
Foreign watchlist ¨ Yes ¨ No
Chief Investment Officers Name (Applicable to Portfolio Persons only) |
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Chief Compliance Officer Approving |
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CODE OF ETHICS ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT USE ONLY
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Date Received:
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Instructions: Print form, complete, sign and date. Submit completed form to Code of Ethics Administration Department via:
Inter-office: Code of Ethics Administration, SM-920/2 Fax: (650) 312-5646
U.S. Mail: Franklin Templeton Investments E-mail: Preclear-Code of Ethics (internal)
Attn: Code of Ethics Administration Dept. Lpreclear@frk.com (external)
P.O. Box 25050
San Mateo, CA 94402-5050
EMPLOYEE INFORMATION |
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COMPANY INFORMATION |
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Nature of companys business: |
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Title/Position: |
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Justification for serving as a director with the company: |
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Estimate of hours to be devoted to the company: |
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Compensation received: |
¨ Yes ¨ No |
If compensated, how? |
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Code of Ethics Designation |
NASD Registered Representative (Series 6, 7, etc.) |
¨ Non Access Person ¨ Supervised Person ¨ Access Person ¨ Portfolio Person |
¨ Yes ¨ No |
Signature: Date:
FOR APPROVAL USE ONLY |
¨ Approved ¨ Denied
Signatory Name Signatory Title:
Signature: Date:
Codes: IA: US registered investment adviser
BD: US registered broker-dealer
FIA: Foreign equivalent investment adviser
FBD: Foreign equivalent broker-dealer
TA: US registered transfer agent
FA: Fund Administrator
BM: Business manager to the funds
REA: Real estate adviser
Trust: Trust company
Pursuant to the Insider Trading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act of 1988, No officer, director, employee, consultant acting in a similar capacity, or other person associated with Franklin Templeton Investments may trade, either personally or on behalf of clients, including all client assets managed by the entities in Franklin Templeton Investments, on material non-public information or communicating material non-public information to others in violation of the law. This conduct is frequently referred to as "insider trading." Franklin Templeton Investments Insider Trading Compliance Policy and Procedures applies to every officer, director, employee or other person associated with Franklin Templeton Investments and extends to activities within and outside their duties with Franklin Templeton Investments. Every officer, director and employee must read and retain this policy statement. Any questions regarding Franklin Templeton Investments Insider Trading Compliance Policy and Procedures or the Compliance Procedures should be referred to the Legal Department.
The term "insider trading" is not defined in the federal securities laws, but generally is used to refer to the use of material non-public information to trade in securities (whether or not one is an "insider") or to communications of material non-public information to others.
While the law concerning insider trading is not static, it is generally understood that the law prohibits:
(1) trading by an insider, while in possession of material non-public information; or
(2) trading by a non-insider, while in possession of material non-public information, where the information either was disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insider's duty to keep it confidential or was misappropriated; or
(3) communicating material non-public information to others.
The elements of insider trading and the penalties for such unlawful conduct are discussed below. If, after reviewing this policy statement, you have any questions, you should consult the Legal Department.
The concept of "insider" is broad. It includes officers, directors and employees of a company. In addition, a person can be a "temporary insider" if he or she enters into a special confidential relationship in the conduct of a company's affairs and as a result is given access to information solely for the company's purposes. A temporary insider can include, among others, a company's outside attorneys, accountants, consultants, bank lending officers, and the employees of such organizations. In addition, an investment adviser may become a temporary insider of a company it advises or for which it performs other services. According to the U.S. Supreme Court, the company must expect the outsider to keep the disclosed non-public information confidential and the relationship must at least imply such a duty before the outsider will be considered an insider.
Trading on inside information is not a basis for liability unless the information is material. "Material information" generally is defined as information for which there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in making his or her investment decisions, or information that is reasonably certain to have a substantial effect on the price of the company's securities. Information that officers, directors and employees should consider material includes, but is not limited to: dividend changes, earnings estimates, changes in previously released earnings estimates, significant merger or acquisition proposals or agreements, major litigation, liquidation problems, and extraordinary management developments.
Material information does not have to relate to a company's business. For example, in Carpenter v. U.S. , 108 U.S. 316 (1987), the Supreme Court considered as material certain information about the contents of a forthcoming newspaper column that was expected to affect the market price of a security. In that case, a Wall Street Journal reporter was found criminally liable for disclosing to others the dates that reports on various companies would appear in the Wall Street Journal and whether those reports would be favorable or not.
Information is non-public until it has been effectively communicated to the marketplace. One must be able to point to some fact to show that the information is generally public. For example, information found in a report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), or appearing in Dow Jones, Reuters Economic Services, The Wall Street Journal or other publications of general circulation would be considered public.
1. Fiduciary Duty Theory
In 1980, the Supreme Court found that there is no general duty to disclose before trading on material non-public information, but that such a duty arises only where there is a fiduciary relationship. That is, there must be a relationship between the parties to the transaction such that one party has a right to expect that the other party will not disclose any material non-public information or refrain from trading. Chiarella v. U.S. , 445 U.S. 22 (1980).
In Dirks v. SEC , 463 U.S. 646 (1983), the Supreme Court stated alternate theories under which non-insiders can acquire the fiduciary duties of insiders. They can enter into a confidential relationship with the company through which they gain information ( e.g. , attorneys, accountants), or they can acquire a fiduciary duty to the company's shareholders as "tippees" if they are aware or should have been aware that they have been given confidential information by an insider who has violated his fiduciary duty to the company's shareholders.
However, in the "tippee" situation, a breach of duty occurs only if the insider personally benefits, directly or indirectly, from the disclosure. The benefit does not have to be pecuniary but can be a gift, a reputational benefit that will translate into future earnings, or even evidence of a relationship that suggests a quid pro quo.
2. Misappropriation Theory
Another basis for insider trading liability is the "misappropriation" theory, under which liability is established when trading occurs on material non-public information that was stolen or misappropriated from any other person. In U.S. v. Carpenter , supra , the Court found, in 1987, a columnist defrauded The Wall Street Journal when he stole information from the Wall Street Journal and used it for trading in the securities markets. It should be noted that the misappropriation theory can be used to reach a variety of individuals not previously thought to be encompassed under the fiduciary duty theory.
Penalties for trading on or communicating material non-public information are severe, both for individuals involved in such unlawful conduct and their employers. A violation of the Code resulting in a violation of the law will be severely sanctioned, with disciplinary action including but not limited to termination. Please refer to Part 7 Penalties for Violations of the Code.
A person can be subject to some or all of the penalties below even if he or she does not personally benefit from the violation. Penalties include:
· civil injunctions;
· treble damages;
· disgorgement of profits;
· jail sentences;
· fines for the person who committed the violation of up to three times the profit gained or
loss avoided, whether or not the person actually benefited; and
· fines for the employer or other controlling person of up to the greater of $1,000,000 or
three times the amount of the profit gained or loss avoided.
In addition, any violation of this policy statement can result in serious sanctions by Franklin Templeton Investments, including dismissal of any person involved.
All employees shall comply with the following procedures.
1. Identifying Inside Information
Before trading for yourself or others, including investment companies or private accounts managed by Franklin Templeton Investments, in the securities of a company about which you may have potential inside information, ask yourself the following questions:
· Is the information material?
· Is this information that an investor would consider important in making his or her investment decisions?
· Is this information that would substantially affect the market price of the securities if generally disclosed?
· Is the information non-public?
· To whom has this information been provided?
· Has the information been effectively communicated to the marketplace (e.g., published in Reuters , The Wall Street Journal or other publications of general circulation)?
If, after consideration of these questions, you believe that the information may be material and non-public, or if you have questions as to whether the information is material and non-public, you should take the following steps:
(i) Report the matter immediately to the designated Compliance Officer, or if he or she is not available, to the Legal Department.
(ii) Do not purchase or sell the securities on behalf of yourself or others, including investment companies or private accounts managed by Franklin Templeton Investments.
(iii) Do not communicate the information inside or outside Franklin Templeton Investments, other than to the Compliance Officer or the Legal Department.
(iv) The Compliance Officer shall immediately contact the Legal Department for advice concerning any possible material, non-public information.
(v) After the Legal Department has reviewed the issue and consulted with the Compliance Officer, you will be instructed either to continue the prohibitions against trading and communication noted in (ii) and (iii), or you will be allowed to trade and communicate the information.
(vi) In the event the information in your possession is determined by the Legal Department or the Compliance Officer to be material and non-public, it may not be communicated to anyone, including persons within Franklin Templeton Investments, except as provided in (i) above. In addition, care should be taken so that the information is secure. For example, files containing the information should be sealed and access to computer files containing material non-public information should be restricted to the extent practicable. Securities for which there is material, non-public information shall be placed on the personal trading restricted list for a timeframe determined by the Compliance Officer.
2. Restricting Access to Other Sensitive Information
A ll Franklin Templeton Investments personnel also are reminded of the need to be careful to protect from disclosure other types of sensitive information that they may obtain or have access to as a result of their employment or association with Franklin Templeton Investments.
3. SEC R
ule 10b5-1(c) Plans
We may permit exemptions from the insider trading policies and procedures set forth above for transaction s in securities issued by FRI e ffected pursuant to pre-approved, written trading plans or arrangements complying with Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Rule 10b5-1(c) plans or arrangements may not be entered into or modified either during FRIs trading blackout periods or when you are aware of material, non-public information relating to FRI or its securities. All such plans or arrangements (and any modification of termination thereof) must be pre-approved by FRIs General Counsel (or such persons designee).
Franklin Templeton Investments has established a process by which access to company files that may contain sensitive or non-public information such as the Bargain List and the Source of Funds List is carefully limited. Since most of Franklin Templeton Investments files, which contain sensitive information, are stored in computers, personal identification numbers, passwords and/or code access numbers are distributed to Franklin Templeton Investments computer Access Persons only. This activity is monitored on an ongoing basis. In addition, access to certain areas likely to contain sensitive information is normally restricted by access codes.
[1] Offshore subsidiaries and funds of Franklin Templeton Investments may have established supplemental requirements in order to satisfy local regulations.
[2] This restriction applies equally to transactions occurring in margin and option accounts, which may not be due to direct actions by the Portfolio Person. For example, a stock held less than sixty (60) days that is sold to meet a margin call or the underlying stock of a covered call option held less than sixty (60) days that is called away, would be a violation of this restriction if these transactions resulted in a profit for the Portfolio Person.
[3] You are not required to separately report the vesting of shares or options of Franklin Resources, Inc.,
received pursuant to a deferred compensation plan as such information is already maintained.
[4] Officers, directors and certain other designated employees of FRI and its affiliated closed-end funds may be subject to additional ownership reporting and pre-clearance requirements with respect to BEN shares and shares of affiliated closed-end shares as well as certain Rule 144 affiliated policies and procedures.. Contact the Code of Ethics Administration Department for additional information. See also the attached Insider Trading Policy.
[5] Please note that these conditions apply to any discretionary account in existence prior to the effective date of this Code or prior to your becoming an Access Person. Also, the conditions apply to transactions in any discretionary account, including pre-existing accounts, in which you have any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, even if it is not in your name.
[6] Any pre-existing agreement must be promptly amended to comply with this condition. The required reports may be made in the form of an account statement if they are filed by the applicable deadline.
[7] Security includes any option to purchase or sell, and any security that is exchangeable for or convertible into, any security that is held or to be acquired by a fund.
[8] Special circumstances include but are not limited to, for example, holidays, differences in time zones, delays due to travel, and the unusual size of proposed trades or limit orders. Limit orders must expire within the applicable clearance period.
[9] As of May, 2010
[10] If an investment opportunity is presented to you in your capacity as a portfolio manager and the investment opportunity is suitable for the fund/client, it must first be offered to the fund/client before any personal securities transaction can be effected.
POWER OF ATTORNEY
The undersigned officers and trustees of FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES (the "Registrant") hereby appoint BRUCE G. LETO, LARRY P. STADULIS, KRISTIN H. IVES, KAREN L. SKIDMORE, craig s. tyle, David P. Goss and STEVEN J. GRAY (with full power to each of them to act alone) his/her attorney-in-fact and agent, in all capacities, to execute, deliver and file in the names of the undersigned, any and all instruments that said attorneys and agents may deem necessary or advisable to enable the Registrant to comply with or register any security issued by the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules, regulations and interpretations thereunder, including but not limited to, any registration statement, including any and all pre- and post-effective amendments thereto, any other document to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and any and all documents required to be filed with respect thereto with any other regulatory authority. Each of the undersigned grants to each of said attorneys, full authority to do every act necessary to be done in order to effectuate the same as fully, to all intents and purposes, as he/she could do if personally present, thereby ratifying all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
This Power of Attorney may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which shall be deemed to be a single document.
The undersigned officers and trustees hereby execute this Power of Attorney as of the 15th day of July, 2010.
/s/ Edward B. Jamieson ______________ /s/ Harris J. Ashton __________________
Edward B. Jamieson, Harris J. Ashton,
President and Chief Executive Officer- Trustee
Investment Management
/s/ Sam Ginn ______________________ /s/ Edith E. Holiday __________________
Sam Ginn, Edith E. Holiday,
Trustee Trustee
/s/ Charles B. Johnson _______________ /s/ Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. _______________
Charles B. Johnson, Rupert H. Johnson, Jr.,
Trustee Trustee
/s/ J. Michael Luttig _________________ /s/ Frank A. Olson ______________________
J. Michael Luttig, Frank A. Olson,
Trustee Trustee
/s/ Larry D. Thompson _______________ /s/ John B. Wilson ______________________
Larry D. Thompson, John B. Wilson,
Trustee Trustee
/s/ Laura F. Fergerson ________________ /s/ Gaston Gardey _____________________
Laura F. Fergerson, Gaston Gardey,
Chief Executive Officer-Finance and Administration Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer