Exhibit 3.1

stockholder   shall   have   the   power   to   require   that   a   m eeting   of   the   s t ockholders   be   held   or   that   any m atter be voted on by the stockholders at any   special m eeting, except as required by law.

Section 3.        Notice .     W h enever   st o c k holders   a re   r equired   or   p er m itted   to   take   action   at a m eeting, a written o r   printed notice of the me e ting s t ati n g the place, date, ti m e, the m eans of re m ote   communications,   if   any,   and,   in   the   case of   special   m eetings,   the   purpose(s),   of   such m eeting,   shall   be   g i ven   to   each   st o ckholder   of   rec o rd   entitled   to   vote   at   such   m eeting   not   less than ten (10) nor m ore than sixty (60) days before the   d a te   o f the   m eeti n g.   All   such   notic e s   shall be   delivered,   either   personally   or   by   m ail,   by   or   at   the   direction of the Board of Directors, the Chief   Executive   O ff i c e r,   the   Pre s ident   or   the   Secr e t ary,   and   if   m ailed,   such   n o tice   sh a ll   b e dee m ed to be deliv e red when deposited in the U n ited States m ail, postage prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at his, her or its address as t h e sa m e appears on the records of the Corporation. Attendance   of   a   stockholder   at   a   m eeting   shall   c onstitute   a   waiver   of notice   of   such   m eeting, except   when the   s t ockh o lder   attends   for   the   ex pr ess   purpose   of   objecting   at   the   beginning   of   the m eeting   to   the   transaction   of   any   business   b ecause  the  m eeting  is  not  lawfully  called  o r convened.

Section 4.        Quoru m .     Except   as   ot h erwise   pro v ided   by   applicable   law,   these   Bylaws or   the   Cor p oration’s   C e rti f i c ate   of   Incorporation,   a   m ajority   of the   outstanding   shares   of   the Corporation   entitled   to   vote,   represented   in   person   or   by   proxy,   shall   constitute   a   quorum at   a   m eeting   of   stockholders.   If   less   than   a   m ajority   of   the   outstanding   shares   are   represented   at   a   m eeting,   the   chair m an   of   the   m eeting   or   a   m ajority of   the   shares   so   represented   m ay   adjourn   the m eeting   from t i m e   to   ti m e   in   accordance   with   S ection   6   of this   Article, until   a   quorum shall   be present o r represented.

Section 5.        Organization .    Meetings   of   stockholders   shall   be   presided   over   by   the Chair m an of the Board of Directo r s, if any, or in his or her absence by the Vice Chair m an of the Board   of   Directors,   if   any,   or   in   his   or   her   absence   by   the   Chief   Executive   Officer   or   the President, if any, or in his or her absence by a Vice President, if any, or in the absence of the foregoing persons, by a chair m an designated by the B o ard of Direct o rs, or in the abse n ce of such designation,   by   a   chair m an   chosen   at   the   m eeting.   The   S ecretary   shall   act   as   secretary   of   the m eeting, but in his or her absen c e the chair m an of the m eeting ma y appoint any person to act as secretary of the m eeting.

Section 6.        Adjourned   Meetings .     Any   m eeting   of   the   sto c kholders,   annual   or   special, m ay   adjourn   from t i m e   to   ti m e   to   reconvene   at   t h e   sa m e   or   so m e   other   place,   and   notice   need   not be   given   of   the   adjour ne d   m eeting   if   the   ti m e and   place   thereof   are   announced   at   the   m eeting   at which   the   adjourn m ent   is   taken.   A t   the   adjou r ned   m eeting   at   which   a   quorum   is   present,   the Corporation   m ay   transact   any   business   which   m i ght   have   been tran s acted   at   the   o ri g inal   m eeting. If the   a d jou r n m ent   is   f or   more   than   t h irty (30) d a y s,   or   if a f ter   the   a d jou rn m ent   a   new   record date is   fixed   for   the   adjourned   m eeting,   a   notice   of the   adjourned   m eeting   shall   be   given   to   each stockholder of record entit l ed to vote at the m eeting.

Section 7.        Vote   Required .    W hen   a   quorum   is   present,   the   affir m ative   vote   of   the m ajority   of   shares   present   in   person   or   repre s ented   by   proxy   at   the   m e e ting   and   entitled   to   vote

on   the   subject   m atter   shall   be   the   act   of   the   stockholders,   unless   the   question   is   one   upon   which by express provisions of an applicable law, the   rules and regulations of any stock exchange or quotation   system applicable   to   the   C orporation,   t h ese   Bylaws   or   the   Corporation’s   Certificate   of Incorporation,   a   different   vote   is   required,   in which   case   such   express   provision   shall   govern   and control the decision of such que s tion.   W here a s e parate vote by class is r equired, t h e a ff i r m ative vote   of   the   m ajority   of shares   of   such   class   present   in   p e rson   or   represented   by   proxy   at   the m eeting  shall  be  the  act  of  such  cl ass,  unless  the  question  is  one  upon  which  by  express provisions of an applicable law,   the rules and regulations of   any stock exchange or quotation system applicable   to   the   Corporation,   these   Bylaws   or   the   Corpora t ion’s   C ertificate   of Incorporation,   a   different   vote   is   required,   in which   case   such   express   provision   shall   govern   and contr o l the d eci s i on of such question.

Section 8.        Voting   Rights .     Except   as   otherwise   provided   by   the   DGCL   or   in   a resolution   of   the   Board   adopted   pursuant   to   the Corporation’s   Certificate   of   Incorporation   and these   Bylaws   establishing   a   series   of   Preferred   Stock,   at   each   m eeting   of   stockholders,   each holder   of   shares   of   the   Corporation’s   Class   A   Common   Stock,   par   value   $0.01   per   share   (“ Class   A   Common   Stock ”),   shall   be   entitled to   one   (1)   v ote   for   each   such   share,   and   each   h o lder   of   the Corporation’s Class B Com m on Stock, par   value $0.01 per share (“ Class B Common Stoc k ”, and togeth e r   with   the   Cla s s A   C o mmon   Stock,   the   “ Common   Stoc k ”),   s hall   be entitled   to   t h e respective   nu m ber   of   votes   as   set   forth   in   the   C o rporation’s Certificate of Incorporation,   in   each case   d e ter m ined   with   re f erence   to   t h e   nu m ber   of   Me m bership   Interests   (as   such   term   is   defined in   the   Corporation’s   C e rti f i c ate   of Incorpor a ti on )   in   IBG   LLC,   a   Connecticut   li m ited   liability co m pany, standing in such holder’s na m e on the stock records of the Corporation m aintained in accorda n ce   with   Article   V II,   Secti o n   1   hereof   (i)   at   t h e   t im e   fixed   pursuant   to   Article   VII, Section 4 of these Byla w s as the record date for the deter m ination of stockholders entitled to vote at   such   m eeting,   or   (ii)   if no   such   record   date   s h all   have   been   fixed,   then   at   the   close   of   business on   the   day next   prece d ing   the   day on   which   n otice there o f   shall   be   given.   At   e a ch   m eeting   of stockholders,   all   m atters   (except   as   otherwise   provided   in   these   Byla w s   and   except   in   cases where   a   larger   vote   is   required   by   law   or   by   the   Corporation’s   C e rtificate   of   I n c o rporation   o r these   Byla w s)   shall   be   d ecided   by   a   m ajority   of t he   votes   cast   at   such   m e eting   by   the   holders   of shares   of   capital   stock   present   or   represe n ted   by   proxy   and   entitled   to vote   thereon,   a   quorum being present.

Section 9.        Proxies .    E ach  st o ckh o lder  of  rec o rd  entitled  to  vote  at  a  m eeting  of stockholders   m ay   authorize   another   person   or   persons   to   act   for   hi m , her   or   it   by   proxy.   A   proxy must be executed by the stockholder granting the proxy   or by his, her or its attorney-in-fact.   No proxy   shall   be   voted   or   acted   upon   after   the   expiration   of three   years   from its   date,   unless   such proxy   provides   for   a   longer   period.   A   duly   executed   proxy   shall   be   i r revocable   if   it   states   that   it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coup l ed with an interest sufficient in law to support an   irrevocable   power.   A   proxy   m ay   be   m ade   irrevocable   regardless of   whether   the interest   with which it is coupled is an interest in the stock itself or an interest in the Corporation generally.   A stockholder   m ay   revoke   any   proxy   which   is   not   irr e vocable   by   attending   the   m eeting   and   voting in person or by filing an instru m ent in wri t ing revoking the proxy or   by filing another duly executed proxy bearing a later date with the Secretary of the Corporation.

Section 10.      Stockholders   List .    The   Secretary   shall   pre p are   and   m ake   availa b l e,   at least ten (10) days before every m eeting of t h e stockholders, a co m plete list of the stockholders entitled to vote   a t   su c h   m eeting   a rranged in a l phabetical   order,   showing the address of each stockhol d er   and   the   number   of   shares   registered   in the   na m e   of   each   stockholder.   S u ch   list   shall be open to the exa m ination of any st ockholder, for any purpose ger m ane to the m eeting, during ordinary   business   hours,   for   a   per i od   of   at   least   ten   (10)   days   p r ior   to   the   m eeting,   either   at   a place   within   the   city   w h ere   the   m eeting   is   to   be   held,   which   place shall   b e   spe c ified   in   the   n o tice of the m eeting or, if not so s p ecifie d , at the place where the m e e ting is to be held.   The list shall also   be   produced   and   kept   at   t h e place of the m e eting for the du r ation   of   the   m eeting,   and   m ay   be inspected   by   any   stockholder   who   is   prese n t.   T he   stock   le d ger   shall   be   the   only   evidence   as   to who   are   the   stockholders   entitled   to   exa m ine   the   stock   ledger,   the   list   of   stockholders   or   the books of the Corporation, or to vote in person   or by proxy at any m eet i ng of the stockholders.

Section 11. Notice of Stockholder B usiness and No m i nation s . (a) Annual Meetings of Stockholders .

(i)         No m i nations   of   persons   for   ele c tion   to   the   Boa r d   of   Direct o rs   of the   Corporation   and   the   proposal   of   business   to   be   considered   by   the   stockholders   m ay   be   m ade at   an   annual   m eeting   of   stockhold e rs   (A)   by   or   at   the   direction   of   the   Chair m an   of   t he   Board   or the Board of Directors general l y, (B) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice   of m e eting (or any supple m ent   thereto)   or   (C)   by   any   stockholder   of the   Corporation   who   is   entitled   to   vote   at   the m eeting   and   who   co m p l i es   with   the   notice   procedures   s e t   f orth   in   c l a u ses   (ii)   and   (iii)   of   this paragraph   and   who   was   a   stockhol d er   of   rec o rd   at   t h e   ti m e   s u ch   notice is d e li v ered   to   t h e Secretary of the Corporation.

(ii)        For no m i nations or other business to be properly brought before an annual m eeting by a stockholder, pur s uant to clause (C) of paragraph (a)(i) of this S ection (or before   a   special   m eeting   of   stockholders   pursuant   to   paragr a ph (b) of this S ection), the stockhol d er   must   have   g i ven   ti m ely notice   thereof   in   writing to   the   Secretary   of   the   Corporation and   any   such   proposed   business   o t her   than   the   no m i nations   of   p e rsons   for   election   to   the   Board of   Directors   must   constitute   a   proper   m atter   for   stockholder   action.   To   be   ti m ely,   a   stockholder’s notice   shall   be   deliv e red to   the   Secretary at   the   p rincipal   e x ecutive   offices   of   the   Corporation   not less than one hundred and twenty (120) days prior to the date of t h e   Corporation’s   proxy state m ent released to stockholders in conne c tion with the preceding year’s an nu al m eeting; provided ,   however ,   that   if   the   Corporation   did   not   hold   an   annual   m eeting   the   preceding   year   or if   the   date   of   the   annual   m eeting   is   changed   by   more   than   thirty   (30)   days   from the   date   of   the prece d ing   year’s   annual   m eeting,   to   be   ti m ely,   notice   by   the   stockholder   m ust   be   delivered within  a  reasonable  ti m e     b e fore  the  Corpor a tion   prints   and   m ails   its   proxy   m aterials   in connection with the annual m eeting.   In no eve n t shall the adjourn m e nt of an annual m eeting commence a new ti m e period for the giving of a s t ockholder’s notice as described above.   Such stockholder’s   notice   shall   set   for t h   (A)   as   to   each   person   whom the   stockholder   proposes   to no m i nate   for   election   or   reelect i on   a s   a   di r ect o r, all   in f or m ation   r el a ting to   such   p er son   that   is required   to   be   disclosed   in   solicitations   of   proxies   for   election   of   directors,   or   is   otherwise

required,   in   each   case   p u rsuant   to   Regulation   14A under   the   Securities   E xchange   Act   of   1934,   as a m ended (the “ Exchange Act ”), in each case including any successor r u le or regulation theret o , including   such   person’s written   consent   to   being   na m ed   in the   proxy   state m ent   as   a   no m i nee   and to serving as a director if elected; (B) as to any other busin e ss that the stockholder proposes to bring before the m eeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the m eeting,   the   reasons   for   conducting   such   business   at   the   m eeting   and   any   m aterial   interest   in such business of such stockholder and of any b e neficial owner on whose behalf the proposal is m ade; and ( C) as to the stockholder giving the n o tice and any beneficial owner on whose behalf the no m ination or proposal is m ade (1) the na m e   a nd address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, and the na m e, add r ess and phone nu m ber of such beneficial owner, (2) t h e n u mber and class of shares of capit a l stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially   and   of   record   by   such   stockholder   and   such   beneficial   owner,   (3)   a   description   of any   and   all   arrange m ents   or   understandings   between   such   stockholder   and   such   beneficial   owner, (4) a re p resentation t h at the stockh o l d er is a h o lder of record of stock of t h e Corpor a ti o n entitled to   vote   at   such   m eeting   and   intends   to   appear   in   person   or   by   proxy   at   the   m eeting   to   propose such business or no m i nation, and (5) a representation whether the stockholder or the beneficial owner,   if   any,   intends   or   is   part   of   a   group   whi c h intends (A) to deliver   a   proxy   state m ent   and/or fo r m of   proxy   to   holders   of   at   least   the   percent a ge   of   the   Corporation’s   outstanding   capital   stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or e l ect the no m inee and/or (B) otherwise to solicit proxies   from stockholders   in   support   of   such   proposal   or   no m ination.   The   foregoing   notice require m ents   shall   be   dee m ed   satisfied   by   a stockholder   if   the   stockholder   has   notified   the Corporation   of   his   or   her   intention   to   present   a   proposal   at   an annual   m eeting   in   co m pliance   with Rule   14a-8 (or   any   s uccessor   t h ereof)   p r o mulgated   under   the   E xchange   A ct   and   such stockholder’s proposal has been included in a proxy state m ent that has been prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies for such annual m eeting.   The Corporation m ay require any proposed   no m i nee   to   fu r nish   such   other   infor m a tion   as   it   m a y   reasonably   require   to   deter m ine the eligibility of such propo s ed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation.

(iii)      Notwithstanding   anything   in   the   second   sentence   of   paragraph (a) ( ii)   of   this   Section   to   the   cont r ary, in   the   eve n t   that   the   number   of   directors   to   be   elected   to   the Board of D i rectors of the Corporation is increased and there is no public announce m e nt m ade by the Corporation na m i ng all of the no m i nees for d i rector or specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors at least one hundred and t w enty (120) days prior to the date of the Corporation’s proxy state m ent released to stock h olders in connection w i th the preceding year’s annual m eeting, a stockholder’s no t ice under this paragraph shall also be considered ti m ely, but only   with   r espect   to   n o m i nees   f or   any   new   positio n s   c re ated   by   s uc h   incr e ase,   if it   sh a ll   b e delivered   to the   Secretary   at   the   pri n cipal   exec u tive   o ff i ces   o f the   Corpo r ation   n o t   l a ter   than   the close   of   business   on   the   tenth   (10 t h ) day   following   the   day   on   whi c h   such   public   a nnounce m ent   is first m ade by the Corporation.

(b)        Special Meetings of Stockholders .     Only such business as shall have been brought before the special m eeting of the stockholders pursuant to the notice or waiver of notice of   the   m eeting   shall   be   conducted   at   such   m eet i ng.   No m i nations   of   persons   for   election   to   the Board   of   D i rect o rs   m ay   be   m ade   at   a   special   m eeting   of   stockholders   at   which   directors   are   to   be

elected pur s uant to the n otice o r   waiver   of   notice   of   the   m eeting   ( A ) by or at the direction of the Board   of   D i rectors   or   ( B )   provided that   the   Board   of   Direct o r s   has   det er m ined   that   dire c t ors   sh al l be   elected   pursuant   to   the   Corporation’s   notice   of   m e e ting,   by   any   stockholder   of   the Corporation who is entitled to vote at the m eeting, who complies with t h e notice procedures set forth in this Section and who is   a stockholder of record at the ti m e such   notice   is   delivered   to   the Secretary   of   the   Corporation.   No m i nations   by   s t ockholders   of   persons   for   election   to   the   Board of   Directors   m ay   be   m a de   at   s u ch special m eeting of stockholders if the stockholder’s notice as required   by   paragraph   (a)(ii)   of   t h is Section   sh a ll   be   d elive r ed   to   t h e   S e cretary   a t   t h e   prin c i p a l executive   offices   of   the   Corporation within   a   r e asonable   ti m e   before   the   Corporation   prints   and m ails   its   proxy   m aterials   in   connection   with  such   special   m eeting   or   the   tenth   (10 t h )  day following the day on which public a nnounce m ent is first m ade of the date of the special m eeting and   of   the   no m i nees   proposed   by   the   Board   of   Di r ectors   to   be   elected   at   such   m eeting.   In   no event s h all the adjo u rnment of a special m eet i ng commence a new ti m e period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

(c) Genera l .

(i)         Other   than a s   set   f orth in Arti c le III,   Section   4   hereof,   only   persons who   are   no m i nated   in   accordance   w ith   the   p roc e dures   s et   f o r t h   in t h is   S e ction   shall   b e   eligi b le   to serve   as   directors   and   only   such   business   shall   be conducted   at   a   m eeting   of   stockholders   as   shall have   been   brought   before   the   m eeting   in   accordance   w ith the procedures set forth in this Section. Except   as   otherwise   provided   by   law   or   by   the   C o rporation’s   Certificate of   Incorporation,   the chair m an of the m eeting shall ha v e t h e power a nd duty to deter m ine whether a no m ination or any business proposed to be brought before the m eeting was m ade in accordance with the procedures set   forth   in   this   Section   and,   if   any   proposed   n o m i nation   or   business   is   not   in   co m p liance   with this Section,   to declare that such de f ecti v e proposal or no m ination shall be disregarded.

(ii)       The   date   and   ti m e   of   the   open i ng   and   closing   of   the   polls   for   each m atter upon which the s t ockholders will vote at a m eeting shall be ann o unced at t h e   m eeting by the   person   presiding   over   the   m eeting.   The   Board   of   Directors   m ay   adopt   by   resolution   such rules   and   regulations   for   the   conduct   of   the   m eet i ng   of   stockholders   as   it   shall   deem a ppropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such r u les and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors,  the  person  presiding  over  any  m eeting  of  stockholders  shall  have  the  right  and authority   to   convene   and   to   adjourn   the   m eeting,   to   prescribe   such   r u les, regulations and procedures   and   to   do   all   such   acts   as,   in   the   j u dg m ent   of   such   presidi n g   person,   are   appropriate for the proper conduct of the m eeting.

(iii)      In   advance   of   any   m eeting   of   stockholders,   the   B o ard   of   Directors shall   appoint   one   or   m ore   inspe c tors   to   act   at   the   m eeting   and m ake   a   written   report   thereof   and m ay designate one or more persons as alternate i n spe c tors to repl a ce a n y inspe c tor who f ails to act.   If   no   inspector   or   alternate   is   able   to   act   at   a   m eeting   of   st ockholders,   the   person   presiding   at the   m eeting   shall   appoint   one   or   more   inspectors   to   act   at   the   m eeting.   Each   inspector,   before entering   upon   the   discharge   of   his   duties,   shall   t a ke   and   sign   an   oath   f aith f ully   to   execute   the

duties   of   i n spector   with   strict   i m partiality   and   accor d ing   to   t h e   be s t   of   his   ability   and   m a y perform   su c h other duties not inconsistent her e with as m ay be requested by the Corporation.

(iv)      For purposes of this S e ction, “ public announce m en t ”   shall   m ean disclosure   in   a   press   release   reported   by   the   Dow Jones   News   Service,   PR   Newswire,   Associated Press   or   comparable   national   news   service   or   in   a   docu m e nt   publicly   filed   by   the   Corporation with the Securities and Exch a nge Com m ission pursuant to Section 13, 14, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

(v)      Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requ i re m ents of the Exchange Act and the rules and   regulations   thereunder   with   r e spect   to   the   m atters   set   forth   in   this   Section.   Nothing   in   this Section   shall   be   dee m ed   to   affect   any   right   of (A)   a   stockholder   to   request   inclusion   of   proposals in   the   Corporation’s   proxy   state m ent   pursuant   to Rule   14a-8   under   the   Ex change   Act   or   (B)   the holders   of   any   series   of preferred st o ck   to   elect   directors   pursuant   to   any applicable   provisions   of the Corporation’s Certi f icate of Incorporation.

Section 12.      Action   W ithout   Meetin g .     Except   as   otherwise   provided   by   or   fixed pursuant   to   the   provisions   of   the   Corporation’s   C ertificate   of   Incorpo r ati o n   rel a ting   to   the   r i ghts of   holders   of   any   series   of   preferred   stock,   a n y   action   required   to   be   taken   at   any   annual   or special m eeting of the stockholders of the Corporation,   or   any   action   which   m ay   be   taken   at   any annual   or   special   m eeting   of   such   stockholders, m ay   be   taken   without   a   m eeting,   without   prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writ i ng (or deemed to be in writing un d er applicable law), setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by stockholders (or dee m ed to be signed by stockholders under applicable law)   representing not less than the   m i ni m u m number of votes that would   be   necessary   to   authorize   or   take   such   actions   at   a   m e eting   a t   which   all   sha r es entitled   to vote   thereon   were   present   and   voted   and   shall   be   delivered   and   dated   as   r e quired   by   law.   Pro m pt notice   of   t h e   ta k i ng   of   such   action   without   a   meeting   by   less   than   unani m ous   written   con s ent shall   be   given   to   those   stockhold e rs who have not consented in w r iting.   The   Secretary   shall   file such conse n ts with t h e   m i nutes of the m eetings of the stockholders.

Section 13.      Postpone m e nt   and   Cancellation   of   Meeting .    Any   previously   scheduled annual   or   special   m eeting   of   t h e   stockholders   may   be   postponed, and   any   previously   scheduled annual or special m eeting of the stockholders called by the Board of Directors m ay be canceled, by   resolution   of   the   Board   of   Directors   upon   public   notice   given   prior to the ti m e previously scheduled for such m eeting of stockholders.

ARTICLE I II

DIREC T ORS

Section 1.        Powers .     The   business   and   affairs   of   the   Corporation   shall   be   m anaged   by or under t h e direction of the B o ard of Directors.   In addition to t h e powers and authorities expressly   conferred   upon   them by   these   Bylaws,   t h e   Board   of   Directors,   which   m ay   exercise   all such   powers   of   the   Corporation   and   do   all   such   l a wful   acts   and   things   as   are   not   by   law   or   by   the

Corporations’   Certificate   of   Inc o rporation   or   by   these   Bylaws   r e quired   to   be   exercised   or   done by the stockholders.

Section 2.        Nu m ber,   Election   and   T erm   of   Offic e .     Subject   to   the   r i ghts   of   the   holders of any series of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specific circu m st ances, the nu m ber   of dire c t ors   which   shall   co n stit u te   t h e   Board   of Directors   s h all   b e   between   f our   (4)   a n d eleven   (11),   to   be   fixed   exclusively   pursuant   to   a   resolution   adopted   by   a   m ajority   of   the   Board of Directors.   The   initial   nu m ber   of   directors   shall   be   f our   (4).   The   directors   shall   be   elected   by   a plur a lity   of the   votes   of the   shar e s   p r esent   in   per s on   or   re p re s ented   by   pr o xy   at   t h e   m e eting   an d entitled   to   v ote   in   the   election   of   di r ectors.   Ex c ept   as   provided   in   Section   4   of   this   Arti c le   I I I , directors   shall   be   elected   at   the   annual   m eeting   of   the   stockholders.   Each   director   elected   shall hold   o ff i ce   until   a   suc c essor   is   duly   ele c ted   a nd   quali f ied or   until   his   or   her   e a rlier   de a t h , resignation or re m oval as hereinafter provided.

Section 3.        R e m oval   and   Resignatio n .    Any   director   m ay   resign   at   any   ti m e   upon delivery   of   written   notice   of   such   resignation,   signed by   such   director,   to   the   Board   of   Directors, the Chair m an of the Board or the Chief Executi v e   Officer.   S uch resignation sh a ll ta k e e ff ect a t the   ti m e   specified   t h erein,   or   if   no   ti m e   is   specifi e d,   at   the   ti m e   of   its   re c eipt.     Any director or the entire Board may be removed from office at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the combined voting power of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation then entitled to vote in the election of directors.

Section 4.        Vacancies .     Subject   to   the   rights   of   the   holders   of   any   series   of   preferred stock   to   elect   additional directors   under   specific   circu m sta n ces   and   unless   otherwise   provided   by the Certificate of Inc o rporation of the Corporation, vacan c ies and newly created directorships resulting   f r o m any   increase   in   the   a uthorized   n u mber   of   dir e ctors   m ay   be   f illed   by   a   m ajority   of the directors then in office, though less than a quoru m , or by a vote of a m ajority vote of the holders of the Corporation’s outstanding stock entitl e d to vote thereon.   Each director so chosen shall   h o ld   office   until   a   success o r   is duly   ele c t e d and   qualified   or   until   his   or   her   e arlier   de a t h , resignation   or   re m oval   as   herein   provided.   No   decrea s e   in   the   nu m ber   of   authorized   directors constituting the whole B oard of Dir e ctors s h all s horten the t e rm   of any incu m bent director.

Section 5.        Annual   and   Regular   Meeting s .     T he   annual   m eeting   of   the   Board   of Directors   for   the   purpose   of   electing   officers   and   for   the   transaction   of   such   other   business   as m ay   co m e   before   the   m eeting   shall   be   held   as soon as possible following adjourn m ent of the annual   m eeting   of   the   stockholders   at   the   place   of   such   annual   m eeting   of   the   stockholders. Notice   of   such   annual   m eeting   of   the   Board   of Directors   need   not   be   given.   The   Board   of Direct o rs   fr o m   ti m e   to   ti m e   m ay   by   res o lution   provide   for   the   holding   of   regular   m eetings   and fix   the   place   (which   may   be   within   or   without the   State   of   Delaware),   date   and   ti m e   of   such m eetings.   Notice of regular m eeti n gs need not be given; provided ,   however , that if the Board of Directors shall fix or change the time or place of any regular m eeting, notice of such action shall be   m ailed   pro m ptly,   or   sent   by   t e lephone,   including   a   voice   m essaging   system or   other   system or technology   designed   to   record   and   com m unicate   m essages,   telegraph,   facsi m ile,   electronic   m ail

or   other   electronic   m eans   to   e ach   director   who   shall   not   have   been   p resent   at   t h e   m eeting   at which   such   action   was   taken,   addressed   to   him   or   her   at   his   or   her   usual   place   of   business,   or shall be delivered to him or her personally.

Section 6.        Special   Meetings .    Special   m eetin g s   of   the   Board   of   Directors   shall   be held   whenever   called   b y   the   Chair m an   of   the   Board of D i rect o rs, the Chief Executive Officer or the   Presi d e n t,   or   by   a   majo r ity   of   the   dire c t ors,   at   such   place,   date   and   ti m e   as   m ay   be   specified in   the res p e c tive   n o ti c es   or   waiv e rs   o f notice   of s uch   m eetings.   Special   m eetings   of   the   Board   of Direct o rs   m ay   be   called   on   at   least   twenty-four   (24)   hours’   n otice   to each direct o r   or   such   shorter notice   as   the   person   or   persons   calling   such   m e eting   m ay   deem necessary   or   appropriate   in   the circu m stances,   if   notice   is   given   to   each   direct o r   personally or   by   tele p hone,   inclu d ing   a   voice m essaging   system or   other   system or   technology designed   to   record   and   com m unicate   m essages, telegraph, facsi m ile, electronic m ail or other ele c tronic m eans, or on three (3) days’ notice from the   o ff i cial   date   of   dep o sit   in   the   m ail   if   notice   is m ailed   to   each   director,   addressed   to   him or   her at   his   or   her   usual   place   of   busi n ess.   Such   notice   need   not   state the   purpose   or   purposes   of,   nor the business to be transacted at, such m eeting, except as m ay otherwise be required by law or provided   for   by   the   Corporation’s   C ertificate   of   Incorporation.   A   m eeting   m ay   be   held   at   any ti m e   without   notice   if   all   the   dir e ctors   are   present   or   if   those not   present   waive   notice   of   the m eeting in writing either before or after such m eeting.