UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
 
x
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019
OR
o
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from            to            
Commission File Number: 001-33549
Tiptree Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Maryland
38-3754322
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation of Organization)
(IRS Employer Identification No.)
 
 
299 Park Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, New York
10171
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(Zip Code)
 
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (212) 446-1400
 
Former Address: 780 Third Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, New York, 10017
 
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
TIPT
Nasdaq Capital Market
 
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes   x     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ¨                        Accelerated filer x
Non-accelerated filer ¨                     Smaller reporting company ¨
Emerging Growth company ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.)    Yes  ¨    No  x
As of June 28, 2019, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $165,548,439, based upon the closing sales price of $6.30 per share as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market. For purposes of this calculation, all of the registrant’s directors and executive officers were deemed to be affiliates of the registrant.
As of March 10, 2020, there were 34,425,847 shares, par value $0.001, of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding.
 
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Certain information in the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the registrant’s 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated by reference into Part III.



TIPTREE INC.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
December 31, 2019
Table of Contents

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TIPTREE INC.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
December 31, 2019
Table of Contents

ITEM
 
Page Number
 
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PART I

Forward-Looking Statements

Except for the historical information included and incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the information included and incorporated by reference herein are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events and are not statements of historical fact. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future events, including, among other things, discussion and analysis of our future financial condition, results of operations and our strategic plans and objectives. When we use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “seek,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” or similar expressions, we intend to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, are difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other public filings with the SEC.
 
The factors described herein are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause actual results or developments to differ materially from those expressed in any of our forward-looking statements.  Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could affect our forward-looking statements. Consequently, our actual performance could be materially different from the results described or anticipated by our forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Except as required by the applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

Market and Industry Data

Certain market data and industry data included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K were obtained from reports of governmental agencies and industry publications and surveys. We believe the data from third party sources to be reliable based upon our management’s knowledge of the industry, but have not independently verified such data and as such, make no guarantees as to its accuracy, completeness or timeliness.

Note to Reader

In reading this Annual Report on Form 10-K, references to:
“1940 Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
“A.M. Best” means A.M. Best Company, Inc.
“AUM” means assets under management.
“Care” means Care Investment Trust LLC.
“CFPB” means the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
“CLOs” means collateralized loan obligations.
“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“Common Stock” or “Common Shares” means Tiptree’s Class A common stock $0.001 par value for periods prior to June 7, 2018 and thereafter the common stock $0.001 par value.
“consolidated CLOs” means, for the year ended December 31, 2015: Telos 2, Telos 4, Telos 5 and Telos 6; and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, Telos 5, Telos 6 and Telos 7. During 2017, the Company exited all consolidated CLOs.
“Corvid Peak” means collectively: Corvid Peak Holdings, L.P., Corvid Peak Capital Management, LLC, Corvid Peak GP Holdings, LLC and Corvid Peak Holdings GP, LLC, formerly known as “Tricadia”.
“Dodd-Frank Act” means the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
“EBITDA” means earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.
“EU” means European Union.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Fortress” means Fortress Credit Corp., as administrative agent, collateral agent and lead arranger, and affiliates of Fortress that are lenders under the Credit Agreement among the Company, Fortress and the lenders party thereto.
“Fortegra” means Fortegra Financial Corporation.
“GAAP” means U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
“GSE” means government-sponsored enterprise.
“Invesque” means Invesque Inc.
“Luxury” means Luxury Mortgage Corp.
“NAIC” means the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.

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“NPL” means nonperforming residential real estate mortgage loans.
“Operating Company” means Tiptree Operating Company, LLC.
“Reliance” means Reliance First Capital, LLC.
“REO” means real estate owned.
“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“Smart AutoCare” means the following entities and their subsidiaries operating under the Smart AutoCare brand: SAC Holdings, Inc., Freedom Insurance Company, Ltd., Dealer Motor Services, Inc., Independent Dealer Group, Inc., Ownershield, Inc. and Accelerated Service Enterprises, LLC.
“TAMCO” means Tiptree Asset Management Company, LLC.
“Tax Act” means Public Law no. 115-97, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
“Telos” means Telos Asset Management, LLC.
“Telos 2” means Telos CLO 2007-2, Ltd.
“Telos 4” means Telos CLO 2013-4, Ltd.
“Telos 5” means Telos CLO 2014-5, Ltd.
“Telos 6” means Telos CLO 2014-6, Ltd.
“Telos 7” means Telos CLO 2016-7, Ltd.
“TFP” means Tiptree Financial Partners, L.P.
“Tiptree”, the “Company”, “we”, “its”, “us” and “our” means, unless otherwise indicated by the context, Tiptree Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
“Transition Services Agreement” means the Amended and Restated Transition Services Agreement between Corvid Peak and Tiptree Inc., effective as of January 1, 2019.”
“Tricadia” means collectively, Tricadia Holdings, L.P., Tricadia Capital Management, LLC, Tricadia Holdings GP, LLC, Tricadia Holdings and Tricadia GP Holdings LLC.

Item 1. Business

OVERVIEW

Our Business

Tiptree is a holding company that allocates capital across a broad spectrum of businesses, assets and other investments. Our principal operating subsidiary and primary source of earnings, Tiptree Insurance, along with its subsidiaries, is a leading provider of specialty insurance, warranty products and related administration services. We also generate earnings from a diverse group of select investments that we refer to as Tiptree Capital.

Our business is comprised of the following:

Tiptree Insurance
Operations - We underwrite and administer programs, including credit protection, warranty and service contracts, and niche commercial and consumer insurance lines. The significant majority of our products are sold through independent agents. Tiptree Insurance includes the Fortegra and, as of January 3, 2020, the Smart AutoCare brands.
Investments - We invest a majority of our insurance related investment assets in high quality fixed income securities to support our claims paying activities. To enhance our investment return objectives, we selectively allocate a portion of our insurance portfolio to higher yielding alternative investments.

Tiptree Capital - We also own a diverse group of investments, which includes control investments in businesses, investments in securities and other assets, all of which are managed on a total return basis. We view these investment decisions as distinctly separate from our core insurance operations. We expect the investments within Tiptree Capital to change over time as we exit investments and our outlook on investment opportunities changes. Today, Tiptree Capital consists primarily of investments in shares of Invesque, maritime transportation and mortgage origination operations.

As of December 31, 2019, Tiptree and its consolidated subsidiaries had 1,009 employees (979 on a full time basis), 32 of which were at our corporate headquarters. Corporate employees are responsible for corporate strategy, capital allocation and investment decisions, as well as all public company reporting and compliance.

Our businesses are subject to regulation as described below. The 1940 Act may limit the types and nature of businesses that we engage in and assets that we may acquire. See “Risk Factors-Risks Related to Regulatory and Legal Matters-Maintenance of our 1940 Act exemption will impose limits on our operations.”

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Our Operating Principles

At Tiptree, we are continually looking for investment opportunities that fit within our operating principles and make capital allocation decisions for the most efficient deployment of our capital.

Underwrite to a Profit. Our principal strategic objective is to continue expanding our core insurance operations, particularly the specialty insurance and warranty businesses. Our highest priority is to maintain strong underwriting practices, with attention paid to the insurance disciplines of pricing, underwriting and claims management.

Invest for Total Return. Our financial goals are to generate consistent and growing earnings and cash flow, and to enhance shareholder value as measured by growth in book value per share plus dividends. We manage Tiptree with a long-term perspective, balancing cash-flowing investments with opportunities for capital appreciation. We focus on long-term total investment returns, understanding that temporary accounting gains and losses may vary significantly from one period to the next.

Think Like Owners. Efficient deployment of capital is our top priority. We aim to find the best use of capital to create long-term value for our shareholders. We hope to achieve this through a combination of acquisitions, investments in our existing businesses, opportunistic share repurchases and paying a consistent dividend. As of March 10, 2020, directors, officers, employees and related trusts owned 30% of the Company.
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Overview

We conduct our insurance operations through Tiptree Insurance, which includes Fortegra Financial Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Fortegra”), an insurance holding company incorporated in 1981, and Tiptree Warranty. Our insurance business underwrites and administers specialty insurance programs and products, and is a leading provider of credit and asset protection products and administration services. Our programs are provided across a diverse range of products and services including credit protection insurance, warranty and service contract products, premium finance, and niche personal and commercial lines of insurance. On January 3, 2020, Tiptree Warranty acquired Smart AutoCare, a rapidly growing vehicle warranty solutions provider in the United States.

Products and Services

Credit Protection Insurance - Our credit protection insurance products are designed to offer consumers protection from life events that limit a borrower’s ability to make payments on outstanding loan balances. These products offer consumers the option to protect installment and credit card loan balances or payments in the event of death, involuntary unemployment, disability, or covered losses on property securing the loans.

Warranty and Service Contracts - Our warranty and service contract products provide consumers with coverage on automobiles, consumer electronics, mobile devices, appliances, and furniture and bedding, protecting them from certain covered losses. These products offer replacement, service or repair coverage in the event of mechanical breakdown, accidental damage, theft and water damage. Our warranty and service contracts are extensions of select warranty coverage initially provided by original equipment manufacturers.

Specialty Programs - We offer insurance programs focused on fronting and underwriting certain niche light commercial and personal lines insurance coverages for general agents and other program managers that require broad licensure, an “A-” or better A.M. Best rating, and specialized knowledge and expertise to distribute their products. We grant these general agents and program managers’ authority to produce, underwrite and administer policies subject to our underwriting and pricing guidelines. We typically transfer all or a substantial portion of the underwriting risk on these programs to third party reinsurers for which we are paid a fee.

Services and Other - We have several other products which provide value-add services to our customers, including premium finance and business processing services.

Marketing and Distribution

We distribute our credit and warranty products through independent agents and distribution partnerships with our clients, including consumer finance companies, retailers, automobile dealers, credit card issuers, credit unions and regional and community banks. We leverage our clients’ brand and customer base to distribute multiple products and services. Our specialty light commercial and personal

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program insurance products are generally marketed through a network of independent insurance brokers and managing general agencies. In each case, we pay a commission-based fee to our marketing partners.

We generally target markets that are niche and specialty in nature, which we believe are underserved by competitors and have high barriers to entry. We focus on establishing quality client relationships and emphasizing customer service. This focus, along with our ability to help clients enhance revenue and reduce costs, has enabled us to develop and maintain numerous long-term client relationships.

A significant portion of our marketing partnership commission agreements are on a variable or retrospective commission basis, which allows us to adjust commissions on the basis of claims experience. Under these types of arrangements, the compensation to our marketing partners is based upon the actual losses incurred compared to premiums earned. We believe these types of contractual arrangements align their economic interests with ours, help us to better manage our risk exposure and deliver more consistent profit margins with respect to these types of arrangements.

Investment Portfolio

Our investment strategy is designed to achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns across select asset classes, sectors and geographies while maintaining adequate liquidity to meet our claims payment obligations. We rely on conservative underwriting practices to generate investable funds while minimizing our underwriting risk. We invest a majority of our investable assets in high quality fixed income securities with relatively short durations, designed to deliver sufficient liquidity to meet claims as incurred. The balance of our investable assets are invested in asset classes that we believe will produce higher risk-adjusted returns over the long term, a significant portion of which are self-managed using internal asset management professionals and resources.

Risk Management

Consistent with standard industry practice for most insurance companies, we use reinsurance to manage our underwriting risk and efficiently utilize capital. A significant portion of our distribution partners of credit protection insurance and warranty products use captive reinsurance companies to assume the insurance risk on the products they distribute. These captive reinsurance companies are known as producer owned reinsurance companies (“PORC”) and in many instances each PORC assumes nearly all of the underwriting risk associated with the insurance products they distribute. In these instances, we act in a fronting and administrative capacity on behalf of each PORC, providing underwriting and claims management services. We receive an administration fee that compensates us for our expenses associated with underwriting and servicing the underlying policies and provides us with stable margins for these services. We generally require cash collateral to secure the reinsurance receivable in the event that a PORC is unable to pay the claims it has assumed. In our niche light commercial and personal insurance program business, our reinsurers are highly rated, well-capitalized professional third party reinsurers.

Our Competitive Strengths

Specialty Focus

We have a history of operating in niche insurance markets that require specialized knowledge, administrative capabilities and expertise to profitably service and/or underwrite policies or insurance coverages. Our expertise and focus, developed over Fortegra’s 35-year history, has contributed to our position as one of the leading providers of credit insurance products in the United States. In addition, our “A-” (Excellent) (stable outlook) rating by A.M. Best and broad licensure provide us the opportunity to write niche commercial and personal lines insurance programs through managing general agents and other program managers to whom we have granted authority to produce, underwrite and administer policies that meet our underwriting and pricing guidelines. In the markets we serve, we focus on underwriting small premium policies and contracts where we can utilize our technology and refined administration processes to efficiently manage the high volume of policies and claims that result from serving large numbers of small policyholders and contract holders. We believe these markets have fewer competitors and higher barriers to entry than other segments of the insurance market, providing us with greater flexibility on pricing and terms, and better, more consistent underwriting margins. We intend to continue to expand into other niche markets where we believe we can capitalize on opportunities presented by our underwriting expertise and operating platform.

Broad Service Delivery Expertise

Over the years, we have invested resources and developed the expertise to provide a variety of products and services for our marketing and distribution partners, including policy underwriting and issuance, administration and claims management, back office processing and premium financing. Integrated, proprietary technology delivers low cost, highly automated services to our clients, while our scalable technology infrastructure affords us the opportunity to add new clients and services without significant additional expense. The breadth of our capabilities enables us to provide multiple services to each client, thus creating the opportunity to generate more

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revenue and establish more entrenched relationships with clients. We believe our broad capabilities and consistent service delivery are key drivers of our high client retention rates. In our credit protection insurance products, our annual renewal rates are consistently in excess of 90%, which we believe is among the highest in the industry and distinguishes us from many of our peers.

Significant Fee-based Revenue

We seek to complement our underwriting income with substantial fee-based revenues from the various value-added services we provide our marketing and distribution partners. A significant portion of our revenues are derived from fees and are not solely dependent upon the underwriting performance of our insurance products, resulting in more diversified and consistent earnings. Our fee-based revenues are primarily generated in both our regulated insurance entities as well as non-regulated service companies. We believe fees generated outside of regulated insurance entities provide us greater financial flexibility than traditional insurance carriers.

Investment Capabilities

Our investment management operations provide access to broad investment expertise and a range of investment opportunities. We believe our ability to source a broader universe of investments, provides us the opportunity to generate superior risk-adjusted investment returns over the long term versus other competition.

Market Opportunity

Credit Insurance

We are a leading provider of credit insurance protection products in the United States and believe we are well positioned to increase our market share both organically and potentially through acquisition. We believe our capabilities and reputation have allowed us to better position ourselves competitively for new business and renewals in the marketplace. We also believe our market position, capabilities and reputation will make us a preferred acquisition partner for smaller competitors that may choose to exit the market or desire a partner with more resources.

Warranty Products

We believe we can significantly increase our market presence in the warranty sector. We entered the warranty market as a natural extension of our insurance products given that it possesses similar attributes and distribution channels. Our warranty market gross premiums written equivalents grew to $233.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $50.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2015, which represents a 46.6% compounded annual growth rate. We believe the demand from consumers for extended service contracts on products such as automobiles, furniture, mobile phones and electronics will continue to drive long-term growth opportunities. We believe our acquisition of Smart AutoCare, combined with Fortegra, position us as a leading provider of automobile extended service contracts.

International Markets

We are in the process of selectively expanding our product offerings to international markets such as Europe, Asia and Canada, where we believe profitable opportunities exist. In 2018, we expanded into Europe where we believe our existing product offerings can be successfully distributed while maintaining similar levels of our existing underwriting performance.

Competition

We operate in several markets, and believe that no single competitor competes against us in all of our business lines. The competition in the markets in which we operate is a function of many factors, including price, industry knowledge, quality of client service, sales force effectiveness, technology platforms and processes, the security and integrity of information systems, financial strength ratings, breadth of products and services, brand recognition and reputation. Our credit protection products and warranty service contracts compete with similar products of insurance companies, warranty companies and other insurance service providers. Many of our competitors are significantly larger, have greater access to capital and may possess other competitive advantages. We compete with several multi-national and regional insurance companies that may have expertise in our niche products. Our competitors include: Assurant, Inc., Asurion, LLC, AmTrust Financial Services, Inc., eSecuritel Holdings, LLC, State National Companies Inc. (acquired by Markel in 2017) and several regional companies.


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Regulation

We are subject to federal, state, local and foreign regulation and supervision. Our insurance subsidiaries are generally restricted by the insurance laws of their respective domiciles as to the amount of dividends they may pay without the prior approval of the respective regulatory authorities. Generally, the maximum dividend that may be paid by an insurance subsidiary during any year without prior regulatory approval is limited to a stated percentage of that subsidiary’s statutory surplus as of a certain date, or net income of the subsidiary for the preceding year.

Our insurance company subsidiaries are domiciled in several states, including California, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana and Wisconsin. The regulation, supervision and administration by state departments of insurance relate, among other things, to: standards of solvency that must be met and maintained, restrictions on the payment of dividends, changes in control of insurance companies, the licensing of insurers and their agents and other producers, the types of insurance that may be written, privacy practices, the ability to enter and exit certain insurance markets, the nature of and limitations on investments and premium rates, or restrictions on the size of risks that may be insured under a single policy, reserves and provisions for unearned premiums, losses and other obligations, deposits of securities for the benefit of policyholders, payment of sales compensation to third parties, approval of policy forms and the regulation of market conduct, including underwriting and claims practices. As part of their routine regulatory oversight process, state insurance departments conduct periodic detailed examinations of the books, records, accounts and operations of insurance companies that are domiciled in their states.

Our insurance company subsidiaries are also subject to certain state regulations which require diversification of our investment portfolios and concentration limits among asset classes. Failure to comply with these regulations would cause non-conforming investments to be treated as non-admitted assets in the states in which we are licensed to sell insurance policies for purposes of measuring statutory surplus and, in some instances, would require us to sell those investments. Such investment laws are generally permissive with respect to federal, state and municipal obligations, and more restrictive with respect to corporate obligations, particularly non-investment grade obligations, foreign investment, equity securities and real estate investments. Each insurance company is therefore limited by the investment laws of its state of domicile from making excessive investments in any given security (such as single issuer limitations) or in certain classes or riskier investments (such as aggregate limitation in non-investment grade bonds).

The NAIC provides model insurance laws and regulations for adoption by the states and standardized insurance industry accounting and reporting guidance. However, model insurance laws and regulations only become effective when adopted and enacted by the states, and statutory accounting and reporting principles continue to be established by individual state laws, regulations and permitted practices. The NAIC has adopted a model act with risk-based capital (“RBC”) formulas to be applied to insurance companies to measure the minimum amount of capital appropriate for an insurance company to support its overall business operations in light of its size and risk profile. State insurance regulators use RBC standards to determine appropriate actions relating to insurers that show signs of weak or deteriorating conditions. The domiciliary states of our insurance company subsidiaries have adopted laws substantially similar to the NAIC’s RBC model act.

Our insurance holding company is subject to the respective state insurance holding company statutes which may require prior regulatory approval or non-disapproval of material transactions between an insurance company and an affiliate or of an acquisition of control of a domestic insurer and payments of extraordinary dividends or distributions.

Our insurance and warranty businesses are subject to U.S. federal and state regulations governing the protection of personal confidential information and data security, including the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, New York Department of Financial Services Cybersecurity Regulation and California Consumer Privacy Act.

Our subsidiaries operating in the EU are subject to the General Data Protection Regulation, or the “GDPR,” which regulates data protection for all individuals within the EU, which became effective on May 25, 2018.

Our insurance subsidiaries that are domiciled in Turks and Caicos must satisfy local regulatory requirements, such as filing annual financial statements, filing annual certificates of compliance and paying annual fees.

We are also subject to federal and state laws and regulations related to the administration of insurance products on behalf of other insurers. In order for us to process and administer insurance products of other companies, we are required to maintain licenses of a third party administrator in the states where those insurance companies operate. We are also subject to the related federal and state privacy laws and must comply with federal and state data protection and privacy laws. We are also subject to laws and regulations related to call center services.


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Seasonality

Our financial results historically have been, and we expect to continue to be, affected by seasonal variations. Revenues may fluctuate seasonally based on consumer spending, which has historically been higher in September and December, corresponding to the back-to-school and holiday seasons. Accordingly, our revenues have historically been higher in the third and fourth quarters than in the first half of the year. Member benefit claims on mobile device protection are typically more frequent in the summer months, and accordingly, claims expense from those products have historically been higher in the second and third quarters than other times of the year.

Intellectual Property

We own or license a number of trademarks, patents, trade names, copyrights, service marks, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights that relate to our services and products. Although we believe that these intellectual property rights are, in the aggregate, of material importance to our business, we also believe that our business is not materially dependent upon any particular trademark, trade name, copyright, service mark, license or other intellectual property right. Our insurance subsidiaries have entered into confidentiality agreements with their clients that impose restrictions on client use of our proprietary software and other intellectual property rights.

Employees

At December 31, 2019, Tiptree Insurance employed 399 employees, of which 395 were on a full time basis.

Tiptree Capital

We own a diversified group of investments across a broad spectrum of businesses and assets. These investments are owned and managed separately as Tiptree Capital. We manage Tiptree Capital on a total return basis, balancing current cash flow and long-term value appreciation.

When assessing potential acquisitions and investments, we look for opportunities that:
have strong and experienced management teams;
can generate long term attractive total returns;
complement existing businesses or strategies; and
have sustainable and scalable business models.

We expect the investments within Tiptree Capital to change over time as we exit investments and reallocate capital to new investment opportunities. Though we do not have any specific sector focus, historically, the majority of our investments have occurred within four major sectors: asset management, real assets, specialty finance and credit investments.

Tiptree Capital currently includes:

Our share holdings of Invesque, a publicly traded real estate investment company that specializes in health care and senior living property investment throughout North America.
Our investment holdings in the maritime transportation sector, specifically in dry bulk vessels and product tankers that transport commodities, such as coal, grains and clean petroleum products.
Our investment in the mortgage finance sector, primarily our ownership of Reliance, an originator of conforming and government single family, residential mortgage loans.

Competitive Strengths

The depth and breadth of experience of our management team enables us to source, structure, execute and manage the capital allocated to Tiptree Capital. In addition, in each of our investments, we benefit by partnering with experienced management teams and third party managers, which we have hired or chosen based on their depth of experience in their respective sectors.

Competition

In the sectors in which Tiptree Capital participates, the markets are highly competitive. There are a large number of competitors offering similar products and services, including many that operate on an international scale, and which are often affiliated with major multi-national companies, commercial financial institutions or investment banks. Many of these organizations have substantially more personnel and greater financial and commercial resources than we do. Some of these competitors have proprietary products and

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distribution capabilities that may make it more difficult for us to compete with them. Some competitors also have greater name recognition, have managed their businesses for longer periods of time, have greater experience over a wider range of products or have other competitive advantages.

Regulation

In the sectors in which Tiptree Capital participates, we are subject to extensive regulation by international, federal, state and local governmental authorities, including the SEC, CFPB, the Federal Trade Commission, the EU, the UK and various state agencies. Our asset manager is registered with the SEC as an investment advisor and is subject to various federal and state laws and regulations and rules of various securities regulators and exchanges. These laws and regulations primarily are intended to protect clients and generally grant supervisory agencies broad administrative powers, including the power to limit or restrict the carrying on of business for failure to comply with such laws and regulations.

Our investments in maritime transportation are regulated under international conventions, classification societies, national, state and local laws and regulations in force in the jurisdictions in which our vessels operate, as well as in the country or countries of their registration, that mandate safety and environmental protection policies. Government regulation of vessels, particularly environmental regulations, have become more stringent and may require us to incur significant capital expenditures on our vessels. Our international operations and activities also expose us to risks associated with trade and economic sanctions, prohibitions or other restrictions imposed by the United States or other governments or organizations, including the United Nations, the EU and its member countries. Under economic and trade sanctions laws, governments may seek to impose modifications to, prohibitions/restrictions on business practices and activities, and modifications to compliance programs, which may increase compliance costs, and, in the event of a violation, may subject us to fines and other penalties. In our international activities, we are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering and similar laws and regulations in various jurisdictions in which we conduct business, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act 2010. We operate in countries known to present heightened risks for corruption, and our dry bulk shipping and related operations requires us to interact with government officials, including port officials, harbor masters, maritime regulators, customs officials and pilots.

Our investment in the mortgage sector must comply with a number of federal, state and local consumer protection and privacy laws including laws that apply to loan origination, fair lending, debt collection, use of credit reports, safeguarding of non-public personally identifiable information about customers, foreclosure and claims handling, investment of and interest payments on escrow balances and escrow payment features, and mandate certain disclosures and notices to borrowers.

Employees

At December 31, 2019, Tiptree Capital’s combined operations had 583 employees of which 557 were on a full time basis.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

We are required to file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.

Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, are also available free of charge on our Internet site at www.tiptreeinc.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The information on our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part hereof or incorporated into this or any of our other filings with the SEC.

Our Investor Relations Department can be contacted at Tiptree Inc., 299 Park Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, NY, 10171, Attn: Investor Relations, telephone: (212) 446-1400, email: IR@tiptreeinc.com.


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Item 1A. Risk Factors

We are subject to certain risks and uncertainties in our business operations which are described below. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known or are currently deemed immaterial may also impair our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks Related to our Businesses

A portion of our assets are illiquid or have limited liquidity, which may limit our ability to sell those assets at favorable prices or at all and creates uncertainty in connection with valuing such assets.

Our assets include equity securities, real estate, dry-bulk vessels and product tankers, non-controlling interests in credit assets and related equity interests which may be illiquid or have limited liquidity. It may be difficult for us to dispose of assets with limited liquidity rapidly, or at favorable prices, if at all. In addition, assets with limited liquidity may be more difficult to value and may be sold at a substantial discount or experience more volatility than more liquid assets. We may not be able to dispose of assets at the carrying value reflected in our financial statements. Our results of operations and cash flows may be materially and adversely affected if our determinations regarding the fair value of our illiquid assets are materially higher than the values ultimately realized upon their disposal.

Our investment in Invesque shares is subject to market volatility and the risk that Invesque changes its dividend policy.

As of December 31, 2019, we owned 16.6 million shares, or approximately 31%, of Invesque, a real estate investment company that specializes in health care real estate and senior living property investment throughout North America. The value of our Invesque shares is reported at fair market value on a quarterly basis and fluctuates. Invesque has historically paid monthly dividends but there can be no assurance that Invesque will continue to pay dividends in the same frequency or amount. A loss in the fair market value of our Invesque shares or a reduction or discontinuation in the dividends paid on our Invesque shares could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. To the extent we determine to sell all or a portion of our Invesque shares, there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so on a timely basis or at acceptable prices.

We operate in highly competitive markets for business opportunities and personnel, which could impede our growth and negatively impact our results of operations.

We operate in highly competitive markets for business opportunities in each of our areas of focus. Many of our competitors have financial, personnel and other resource advantages relative to us and may be better able to react to market conditions. These factors may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully competing for future business opportunities and personnel, which could impede our growth and negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are exposed to risks associated with acquiring or divesting businesses or business operations.

We regularly evaluate strategic acquisition opportunities for growth. Acquired companies and operations may have unforeseen operating difficulties and may require greater than expected financial and other resources. In addition, potential issues associated with acquisitions, including Smart AutoCare, could among other things, include:

our ability to realize the full extent of the benefits, synergies or cost savings that we expect to realize as a result of the completion of an acquisition within the anticipated time frame, or at all;
receipt of necessary consents, clearances and approvals in connection with the acquisition;
diversion of management’s attention from other strategies and objectives;
motivating, recruiting and retaining executives and key employees; and
conforming and integrating financial reporting, standards, controls, procedures and policies, business cultures and compensation structures.

If an acquisition is not successfully completed or integrated into our existing operations, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely effected.

We have also divested, and may in the future divest, businesses or business operations. Any divestitures may involve a number of risks, including the diversion of management’s attention, significant costs and expenses, the loss of customer relationships and cash flow, and the disruption of the affected business or business operations. Failure to timely complete or to consummate a divestiture may negatively affect the valuation of the affected business or business operations or result in restructuring charges.


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The amount of statutory capital and reserve requirements applicable to our insurance subsidiaries can increase due to factors outside of our control.

Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to statutory capital and reserve requirements established by applicable insurance regulators based on RBC formulas. In any particular year, these requirements may increase or decrease depending on a variety of factors, most of which are outside our control, such as the amount of statutory income or losses generated, changes in equity market levels, the value of fixed-income and equity securities in the subsidiary’s investment portfolio, changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, as well as changes to the RBC formulas used by insurance regulators. Increases in the amount of additional statutory reserves that our insurance subsidiaries are required to hold may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our insurance subsidiaries’ actual claims losses may exceed their reserves for claims, which may require them to establish additional reserves that may materially and adversely affect their business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our insurance subsidiaries maintain reserves to cover their estimated ultimate exposure for claims with respect to reported claims, and incurred, but not reported, claims as of the end of each accounting period. Reserves, whether calculated under GAAP or statutory accounting principles, do not represent an exact calculation of exposure. Instead, they represent our insurance subsidiaries’ best estimates, generally involving actuarial projections, of the ultimate settlement and administration costs for a claim or group of claims, based on our assessment of facts and circumstances known at the time of calculation. The adequacy of reserves will be impacted by future trends in claims severity, frequency, judicial theories of liability and other factors. These variables are affected by external factors such as changes in the economic cycle, unemployment, inflation, judicial trends, legislative changes, as well as changes in claims handling procedures. Many of these items are not directly quantifiable, particularly on a prospective basis. Reserve estimates are refined as experience develops. Adjustments to reserves, both positive and negative, are reflected in the statement of operations of the period in which such estimates are updated. Because the establishment of reserves is an inherently uncertain process involving estimates of future losses, we can give no assurances that ultimate losses will not exceed existing claims reserves. In general, future loss development could require reserves to be increased, which could have a material adverse effect on our insurance subsidiaries’ business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may need to raise additional capital in the future or may need to refinance existing indebtedness, but there is no assurance that such capital will be available on a timely basis, on acceptable terms or at all.

We may need to raise additional funds or refinance our indebtedness in order to grow our business or fund our strategy or acquisitions. Additional financing may not be available in sufficient amounts, if at all, or on terms acceptable to us and may be dilutive to existing stockholders. Additionally, any securities issued to raise such funds may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. If adequate funds are not available on a timely basis, if at all, or on acceptable terms, our ability to expand, develop or enhance our subsidiaries’ services and products, enter new markets, consummate acquisitions or respond to competitive pressures could be materially limited.

Our information systems may fail or their security may be compromised, which could damage our specialty insurance business and materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our specialty insurance business is highly dependent upon the effective operation of our information systems and our ability to store, retrieve, process and manage significant databases and expand and upgrade our information systems. Our specialty insurance business relies on these systems for a variety of functions, including marketing and selling our products and services, performing our services, managing our operations, processing claims and applications, providing information to clients, performing actuarial analyses and maintaining financial records. The interruption or loss of our information processing capabilities through the loss of stored data, programming errors, the breakdown or malfunctioning of computer equipment or software systems, telecommunications failure or damage caused by weather or natural disasters or any other significant disruptions could harm our specialty insurance business by hampering its ability to generate revenues and could negatively affect client relationships, competitive position and reputation. In addition, our information systems may be vulnerable to physical or electronic intrusions, computer viruses or other attacks which could disable our information systems and our security measures may not prevent such attacks. The failure of our systems as a result of any security breaches, intrusions or attacks could cause significant interruptions to our operations, which could result in a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our insurance business is dependent on independent financial institutions, lenders and retailers for distribution of its products and services, and the loss of these distribution sources, or their failure to sell our insurance business’s products and services could materially and adversely affect its business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our insurance business is dependent on financial institutions, lenders and retailers to distribute its products and services and

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its revenue is dependent on the level of business conducted by such distributors as well as the effectiveness of their sales efforts, each of which is beyond our insurance business’s control because such distributors typically do not have any minimum performance or sales requirements. Further, although its contracts with these distributors are typically exclusive, they can be canceled on relatively short notice. Therefore, our insurance business’s growth is dependent, in part, on its ability to identify and attract new distribution relationships and successfully implement its information systems with those of its new distributors. The impairment of our insurance business’s distribution relationships, the loss of a significant number of its distribution relationships, the failure to establish new distribution relationships, the failure to offer increasingly competitive products, the increase in sales of competitors’ services and products by these distributors or the decline in their overall business activity or the effectiveness of their sales of our insurance business’s products could materially reduce our insurance business’s sales and revenues and have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our insurance business may lose clients or business as a result of consolidation within the financial services industry.

There has been considerable consolidation in the financial services industry, driven primarily by the acquisition of small and mid-size organizations by larger entities. We expect this trend to continue. Our insurance business may lose business or suffer decreased revenues if one or more of its significant clients or distributors consolidate or align themselves with other companies. While our insurance business has not been materially affected by consolidation to date, it may be affected by industry consolidation that occurs in the future, particularly if any of its significant clients are acquired by organizations that already possess the operations, services and products that it provides.

A downgrade in our insurance subsidiaries’ claims paying ability or financial strength ratings could increase policy surrenders and withdrawals, adversely affecting relationships with distributors and reducing new policy sales.

Claims paying ability ratings, sometimes referred to as financial strength ratings, indicate a rating agency’s view of an insurance company’s ability to meet its obligations to its policy holders. These ratings are therefore key factors underlying the competitive position of insurers. Some distributors of insurance products may choose not to do business with insurance companies that are rated below certain financial strength ratings. Our insurance subsidiaries currently have a rating of “A-” from A.M. Best. Rating agencies can be expected to continue to monitor our insurance subsidiaries’ financial strength and claims paying ability, and no assurances can be given that future ratings downgrades will not occur, whether due to changes in their performance, changes in rating agencies’ industry views or ratings methodologies, or a combination of such factors. A ratings downgrade or the potential for such a downgrade in a rating could, to the extent applicable to a particular type of policy, adversely affect relationships with distributors of insurance products, reduce new policy sales and adversely affect our ability to compete in the insurance industry.

Our insurance subsidiaries may incur losses if reinsurers are unwilling or unable to meet their obligations under reinsurance contracts.

Our insurance subsidiaries use reinsurance to reduce the severity and incidence of claims costs, and to provide relief with regard to certain reserves. Under these reinsurance arrangements, other insurers assume a portion of our losses and related expenses; however, we remain liable as the direct insurer on all risks reinsured. Consequently, reinsurance arrangements do not eliminate our obligation to pay claims and we assume credit risk with respect to our ability to recover amounts due from reinsurers. The inability or unwillingness of any reinsurer to meet its financial obligations could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our insurance business’s reinsurance facilities are generally subject to annual renewal. Our insurance business may not be able to maintain its current reinsurance facilities and its clients may not be able to continue to operate their captive reinsurance companies. As a result, even where highly desirable or necessary, our insurance business may not be able to obtain other reinsurance facilities in adequate amounts and at favorable rates. If our insurance business is unable to renew its expiring facilities or to obtain or structure new reinsurance facilities, either its net exposures would increase or, if it is unwilling to bear an increase in net exposures, it may have to reduce the level of its underwriting commitments. Either of these potential developments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Due to the structure of some of our insurance business’s commissions, it is exposed to risks related to the creditworthiness of some of its agents.

Our insurance business is subject to the credit risk of some of the agents with which it contracts to sell its products and services. Our insurance business typically advances agents’ commissions as part of its product offerings. These advances are a percentage of the premiums charged. If our insurance business over-advances such commissions to agents, the agents may not be able to fulfill their payback obligations, which could have a material adverse effect on our insurance business’s results of operations and financial condition.

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A significant decrease of the market values of our vessels could cause us to incur an impairment loss.

We review our vessels for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the vessels may not be recoverable. Such indicators include declines in the fair market value of vessels, decreases in market charter rates, vessel sale and purchase considerations, fleet utilization, vessels’ useful lives, scrap values, regulatory changes in the dry bulk and product tanker shipping industry or changes in business plans or overall market conditions that may adversely affect cash flows. We may be required to record an impairment charge with respect to our vessels and any such impairment charge may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Charter hire rates for dry bulk vessels and product tankers are volatile.

The dry bulk and product tanker shipping industry is cyclical with high volatility in charter hire rates and profitability.  The degree of charter hire rate volatility among different types of dry bulk vessels and product tankers has varied widely. Fluctuations in charter rates result from changes in the supply of and demand for vessel capacity and changes in the supply of and demand for the major commodities carried by dry bulk vessels internationally and for oil, oil products and chemicals carried by product tankers. Demand is a function of world economic conditions and the consequent requirement for commodities, oil and oil products, production and consumption patterns, as well as events, which interrupt production, trade routes, and consumption. The factors affecting the supply of and demand for vessels are outside of our control and are unpredictable. We may not be able to employ our vessels at charter rates as favorable to us as historical rates or operate our vessels profitably. Significant declines in dry bulk or product tanker charter rates could adversely affect our revenues and profitability.

Our vessels may suffer damage and we may face unexpected drydocking costs.

If our vessels suffer damage, they may need to be repaired at a drydocking facility. The costs of drydock repairs are unpredictable and can be substantial. The loss of earnings while a vessel is being repaired and repositioned, as well as the actual cost of these repairs not covered by our insurance, would decrease our earnings and available cash. While we carry insurance on our vessels, that insurance may not be sufficient to cover all or any of the costs or losses for damages to our vessels and we may have to pay drydocking costs not covered by our insurance.

The operation of dry bulk vessels and product tankers has certain unique operational risks.

With a dry bulk vessel, the cargo itself and its interaction with the vessel may create operational risks. By their nature, dry bulk cargoes are often heavy, dense and easily shifted, and they may react badly to water exposure. In addition, dry bulk vessels are often subjected to battering treatment during unloading operations with grabs, jackhammers (to pry encrusted cargoes out of the hold) and small bulldozers. This treatment may cause damage to the vessel. Vessels damaged due to treatment during unloading procedures may be more susceptible to breach while at sea. Breaches of a dry bulk vessel’s hull may lead to the flooding of the vessel’s holds. If a dry bulk vessel suffers flooding in its forward holds, the bulk cargo may become so dense and waterlogged that its pressure may buckle the vessel’s bulkheads, leading to the loss of a vessel. If we do not adequately maintain our vessels, we may be unable to prevent these events.

In addition, the operation of product tankers has unique operational risks associated with the transportation of oil and chemical products. An oil or chemical spill may cause significant environmental damage, and the associated costs could exceed the insurance coverage available to us. Compared to other types of vessels, tankers are exposed to a higher risk of damage and loss by fire, whether ignited by a terrorist attack, collision, or other cause, due to the high flammability and high volume of the oil or chemicals transported in tankers. The occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Acts of piracy on ocean-going vessels occur and may increase in frequency.

Acts of piracy have historically affected ocean-going vessels trading in regions of the world such as the South China Sea, the Indian Ocean and in the Gulf of Aden off the coast of Somalia. Although the frequency of sea piracy worldwide has generally decreased since 2013, sea piracy incidents continue to occur, particularly in the Gulf of Aden off the coast of Somalia and increasingly in the Sulu Sea and the Gulf of Guinea, with dry bulk vessels and tankers particularly vulnerable to such attacks. Acts of piracy could result in harm or danger to the crews that man our vessels.

If these piracy attacks occur in regions in which our vessels are deployed that insurers characterized as “war risk” zones or Joint War Committee “war and strikes” listed areas, premiums payable for such coverage could increase significantly and such insurance

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coverage may be more difficult to obtain. In addition, crew costs, including the employment of onboard security guards, could increase in such circumstances. Furthermore, while we believe the charterer remains liable for charter payments when a vessel is seized by pirates, the charterer may dispute this and withhold payment until the vessel is released. A charterer may also claim that a vessel seized by pirates was not “on-hire” for a certain number of days and is therefore entitled to cancel the charter. We may not be adequately insured to cover losses from these incidents, which could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, any detention hijacking as a result of an act of piracy against our vessels, or an increase in cost, or unavailability, of insurance for our vessels, could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and earnings.

Some of our investments are made jointly with other persons or entities, which may limit our flexibility with respect to such jointly owned investments and could, thereby, have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition and our ability to sell these investments.

Some of our current investments are, and future investments may be, made jointly with other persons or entities when circumstances warrant the use of such structures and we may continue to do so in the future. Our participation in such joint investments is subject to the risks that:

we could experience an impasse on certain decisions because we do not have sole decision-making authority, which could require us to expend additional resources on resolving such impasses or potential disputes;
our partners could have investment goals that are not consistent with our investment objectives, including the timing, terms and strategies for any investments;
our partners might become bankrupt, fail to fund their share of required capital contributions or fail to fulfill their obligations as partners, which may require us to infuse our own capital into such venture(s) on behalf of the partner(s) despite other competing uses for such capital;
our partners may have competing interests in our markets that could create conflict of interest issues;
any sale or other disposition of our interest in such a venture may require consents which we may not be able to obtain;
such transactions may also trigger other contractual rights held by a partner, lender or other third party depending on how the transaction is structured; and
there may be disagreements as to whether consents and/or approvals are required in connection with the consummation of a particular transaction with a partner, lender and/or other third party, or whether such transaction triggers other contractual rights held by a partner, lender and/or other third party, and in either case, those disagreements may result in litigation.

The volume of our mortgage loan originations is subject to a variety of factors, which include the level of interest rates, overall conditions in the housing market and general economic trends.
Changes in interest rates and the level of interest rates are key drivers that impact the volatility of our mortgage loan originations.  The historically low interest rate environment over the last several years has created strong demand for mortgages. Increases in interest rates could result in us having lower revenue or profitability. The overwhelming majority of our mortgage loan originations have historically been refinancing existing homeowner’s mortgage loans. With rates at or near historically low levels, we have been able to continue to grow our mortgage loan originations by focusing on refinances. With rising interest rates, we may not be able to continue to do so in the future.

Our mortgage business is highly dependent upon programs administered by GSEs, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, as well as Ginnie Mae, to generate revenues through mortgage loan sales to institutional investors. Any changes in existing U.S. government-sponsored mortgage programs could materially and adversely affect our mortgage business, financial condition and results of operations.

There is uncertainty regarding the future of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, including with respect to how long they will continue to be in existence, the extent of their roles in the market and what forms they will have. The future roles of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could be reduced or eliminated and the nature of their guarantees could be limited or eliminated relative to historical measurements. The elimination or modification of the traditional roles of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac could adversely affect our mortgage business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, any discontinuation of, or significant reduction in, the operation of these GSEs and Ginnie Mae, or any significant adverse change in the level of activity of these agencies in the primary or secondary mortgage markets or in the underwriting criteria of these agencies could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be unable to obtain sufficient capital to meet the financing requirements of our mortgage business.
We fund substantially all of the loans which we originate through borrowings under warehouse financing and repurchase

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facilities.  Our borrowings are in turn repaid with the proceeds we receive from selling such loans through whole loan sales.  As we expand our operations, we will require increased financing.
There can be no assurance that such financing will be available on terms reasonably satisfactory to us or at all.  An event of default, an adverse action by a regulatory authority or a general deterioration in the economy that constricts the availability of credit-similar to the market conditions experienced in recent years-may increase our cost of funds and make it difficult for us to obtain new, or retain existing, warehouse financing facilities.  If we fail to maintain, renew or obtain adequate funding under these warehouse financing facilities or other financing arrangements, or there is a substantial reduction in the size of or increase in the cost of such facilities, we would have to curtail our mortgage loan production activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results in our mortgage business.
In our mortgage business, we may sustain losses and/or be required to indemnify or repurchase loans we originated, or will originate, if, among other things, our loans fail to meet certain criteria or characteristics.
The contracts with purchasers of our whole loans contain provisions that require us to indemnify or repurchase the related loans under certain circumstances. While our contracts vary, they contain provisions that require us to repurchase loans if:

our representations and warranties concerning loan quality and loan circumstances are inaccurate, including representations concerning the licensing of a mortgage broker;
we fail to secure adequate mortgage insurance within a certain period after closing;
a mortgage insurance provider denies coverage; or
we fail to comply, at the individual loan level or otherwise, with regulatory requirements in the current dynamic regulatory environment.

We maintain reserves that we believe are appropriate to cover potential loan repurchase or indemnification losses, but there can be no assurance that such reserves will, in fact, be sufficient to cover future repurchase and indemnification claims. If we are required to indemnify or repurchase loans that we originate and sell that result in losses that exceed our reserve, this could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Furthermore, in the ordinary course of our mortgage business, we are subject to claims made against us by borrowers and private investors arising from, among other things, losses that are claimed to have been incurred as a result of alleged breaches of fiduciary obligations, misrepresentations, errors and omissions of our employees, officers and agents (including our appraisers), incomplete documentation and our failure to comply with various laws and regulations applicable to our business.
In addition, should the mortgage loans we originate sustain higher levels of delinquencies and/or defaults, we may lose the ability to originate and/or sell FHA loans, or to do so profitably and investors to whom we currently sell our mortgage loans may refuse to continue to do business with us, or may reduce the prices they are willing to purchase our mortgage loans and it may be difficult or impossible to sell any of our mortgage loans in the future. Any of the foregoing risks could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations in our mortgage business.    

We may be limited in the future in utilizing net operating losses incurred during prior periods to offset taxable income.
We previously incurred net operating losses. In the event that we experience an “ownership change” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code, our ability to use those net operating losses to offset taxable income could be subject to an annual limitation. The annual limitation would be equal to a percentage of our equity value at the time the ownership change occurred. In general, such an “ownership change” would occur if the percentage of our stock owned by one or more 5% stockholders (including certain groups or persons acting in concert) were to increase by 50 percentage points during any three-year period. All stockholders that own less than 5% of our stock are treated as a single 5% stockholder. In addition, the Treasury Regulations under Section 382 of the Code contain additional rules the effect of which is to make it more likely that an ownership change could be deemed to occur. Accordingly, our ability to use prior net operating losses to offset future taxable income would be subject to a limitation if we experience an ownership change.

We may leverage certain of our assets and a decline in the fair value of such assets may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We leverage certain of our assets, including through borrowings, generally through warehouse credit facilities, secured loans, securitizations and other borrowings. A rapid decline in the fair value of our leveraged assets may adversely affect us. Lenders may require us to post additional collateral to support the borrowing. If we cannot post the additional collateral, we may have to rapidly liquidate assets, which we may be unable to do on favorable terms or at all. Even after liquidating assets, we may still be unable to

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post the required collateral, further harming our liquidity and subjecting us to liability to lenders for the declines in the fair values of the collateral. A reduction in credit availability may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Certain of our and our subsidiaries’ assets are subject to credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, credit spread risk, call and redemption risk and refinancing risk, and any one of these risks may materially and adversely affect the value of our assets, our results of operations and our financial condition.

Some of our assets, including our direct investments, are subject to credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, credit spread risk, call and redemption risk and refinancing risk.

Credit risk is the risk that the obligor will be unable to pay scheduled principal and/or interest payments. Defaults by third parties in the payment or performance of their obligations could reduce our income and realized gains or result in the recognition of losses. The fair value of our assets may be materially and adversely affected by increases in interest rates, downgrades in our direct investments and by other factors that may result in the recognition of other-than-temporary impairments. Each of these events may cause us to reduce the fair value of our assets.

Interest rate risk is the risk that general interest rates will rise or that the risk spread used in our financings will increase. Although interest rates have been at historically low levels for the last several years, a period of sharply rising interest rates could have an adverse impact on our business by negatively impacting demand for mortgages and increasing our cost of borrowing to finance operations.
In addition, in July 2017, the Chief Executive of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced its intent to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR to the administrator of LIBOR after 2021. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the future of LIBOR, it is expected that a transition away from the use of LIBOR to alternative benchmark rates will occur by the end of 2021. We have exposure to LIBOR–based contracts within certain of our finance receivables and loans primarily related to commercial automotive loans, corporate finance loans, and mortgage loans, as well as certain investment securities, derivative contracts, and trust preferred securities, among other arrangements. The discontinuation of LIBOR or LIBOR–based rates will present risks to our business.    
Market risk is the risk that one or more markets to which the assets relate will decline in value, including the possibility that such markets will deteriorate sharply and unpredictably, which will likely impair the market value of the related instruments.
Credit spread risk is the risk that the market value of fixed income investments will change in response to changes in perceived or actual credit risk beyond changes that would be attributable to changes, if any, in interest rates.

Call and redemption risk is the risk that fixed income investments will be called or redeemed prior to maturity at a time when yields on other debt instruments in which the call or redemption proceeds could be invested are lower than the yield on the called or redeemed investments.

Refinancing risk is the risk that we will be unable to refinance some or all of our indebtedness or that any refinancing will not be on terms as favorable as those of our existing indebtedness, which could increase our funding costs, limit our ability to borrow, or result in a sale of the leveraged asset on disadvantageous terms.

Any one of the risks described above may materially and adversely affect the value of our assets, our results of operations and our financial condition.

Our risk mitigation or hedging strategies could result in our experiencing significant losses that may materially adversely affect us.
We may pursue risk mitigation and hedging strategies to seek to reduce our exposure to losses from adverse credit events, interest rate changes, market risk and other risks. These strategies may include short Treasury positions, interest rate swaps, foreign exchange derivatives, credit derivatives, freight forward agreements, fuel oil swaps and other derivative hedging instruments. Since we account for derivatives at fair market value, changes in fair market value are reflected in net income other than derivative hedging instruments which are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. Some of these strategies could result in our experiencing significant losses that may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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The values we record for certain investments and liabilities are based on estimates of fair value made by our management, which may cause our operating results to fluctuate and may not be indicative of the value we can realize on a sale.
Some of our investments and liabilities are not actively traded and the fair value of such investments and liabilities are not readily determinable. Each of these carrying values is based on an estimate of fair value by our management. Management reports the estimated fair value of these investments and liabilities quarterly, which may cause our quarterly operating results to fluctuate. Therefore, our past quarterly results may not be indicative of our performance in future quarters. In addition, because such valuations are inherently uncertain, in some cases based on internal models and unobservable inputs, may fluctuate over short periods of time and may be based on estimates, our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if a ready market for these investments and liabilities existed. As such, we may be unable to realize the carrying value upon a sale of these investments or liabilities.

The accounting rules applicable to certain of our transactions are highly complex and require the application of significant judgment and assumptions by our management. In addition, changes in accounting interpretations or assumptions could impact our financial statements.

Accounting rules for consolidations, income taxes, business acquisitions, transfers of financial assets and other aspects of our operations are highly complex and require the application of judgment and assumptions by our management. In addition, changes in accounting rules, interpretations or assumptions could materially impact the presentation, disclosure and usability of our financial statements. For more information see Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates”.

Catastrophic events could significantly impact the Company's business.

Unforeseen or catastrophic events, such as severe weather, natural disasters, pandemic, cyberattacks, acts of war or terrorism and other adverse external events could have a significant impact on the Company's ability to conduct business. Although the Company and its subsidiaries have established disaster recovery plans, there is no guarantee that such plans will allow the Company and its subsidiaries to operate without disruption if such an event was to occur and the occurrence of any such event could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to our Structure

Because we are a holding company, our ability to meet our obligations and pay dividends to stockholders will depend on distributions from our subsidiaries that may be subject to restrictions and income from assets.

We are a holding company and do not have any significant operations of our own, other than our principal investments. Our ability to meet our obligations will depend on distributions from our subsidiaries and income from assets. The amount of dividends and other distributions that our subsidiaries may distribute to us may be subject to restrictions imposed by state law, restrictions that may be imposed by state regulators and restrictions imposed by the terms of any current or future indebtedness that these subsidiaries may incur. Such restrictions would also affect our ability to pay dividends to stockholders, if and when we choose to do so.

Our insurance business’s Junior Subordinated Notes due 2057 restrict dividends to us based on the leverage ratio of our insurance business and its subsidiaries. Our regulated insurance company subsidiaries are required to satisfy minimum capital and surplus requirements according to the laws and regulations of the states in which they operate, which regulate the amount of dividends and distributions we receive from them. In general, dividends in excess of prescribed limits are deemed “extraordinary” and require insurance regulatory approval. Ordinary dividends, for which no regulatory approval is generally required, are limited to amounts determined by a formula, which varies by state. Some states have an additional stipulation that dividends may only be paid out of earned surplus. States also regulate transactions between our insurance company subsidiaries and us or our other subsidiaries, such as those relating to shared services, and in some instances, require prior approval of such transactions within the holding company structure. If insurance regulators determine that payment of an ordinary dividend or any other payments by our insurance company subsidiaries to us or our other subsidiaries (such as payments for employee or other services) would be adverse to policyholders or creditors, the regulators may block or otherwise restrict such payments that would otherwise be permitted without prior approval. In addition, there could be future regulatory actions restricting the ability of our insurance company subsidiaries to pay dividends or share services.


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Some provisions of our charter may delay, deter or prevent takeovers and business combinations that stockholders consider in their best interests.

Our charter restricts any person that owns 9.8% or more of our capital stock, other than stockholders approved by applicable state insurance regulators, from voting in excess of 9.8% of our voting securities. This provision is intended to satisfy the requirements of applicable state regulators in connection with insurance laws and regulations that prohibit any person from acquiring control of a regulated insurance company without the prior approval of the insurance regulators. In addition, our charter provides for the classification of our board of directors into three classes, one of which is to be elected each year. Our charter also generally only permits stockholders to act without a meeting by unanimous consent. These provisions may delay, deter or prevent takeovers and business combinations that stockholders consider in their best interests.

Maryland takeover statutes may prevent a change of our control, which could depress our stock price.

Maryland law provides that “control shares” of a corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” will have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter under the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act. “Control shares” means voting shares of stock that, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power: one-tenth or more but less than one-third; one-third or more but less than a majority; or a majority or more of all voting power. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.

Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which such stockholder became an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities.

Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our shares of stock. Our board of directors has also adopted a resolution which provides that any business combination between us and any other person is exempted from the provisions of the business combination statute, provided that the business combination is first approved by the board of directors. However, our board of directors may amend or eliminate this provision in our bylaws regarding the control share statute or amend or repeal this resolution regarding the business combination statute. If our board takes such action in the future, the control share and business combination statutes may prevent or discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer, including potential acquisitions that might involve a premium price for our Common Stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.

Our holding company structure with multiple lines of business, may adversely impact the market price of our Common Stock and our ability to raise equity and debt capital.

Tiptree holds and manages multiple lines of business. Analysts, investors and lenders may have difficulty analyzing and valuing a company with multiple lines of business, which could adversely impact the market price of our Common Stock and our ability to raise equity and debt capital at a holding company level. Moreover, our management is required to make decisions regarding the allocation of capital among the different lines of business, and such decisions could materially and adversely affect our business or one or more of our lines of business.

Risks Related to Regulatory and Legal Matters

Maintenance of our 1940 Act exemption imposes limits on our operations.

We conduct our operations so that we are not required to register as an investment company under the 1940 Act. Therefore, we must limit the types and nature of businesses in which we engage and assets that we acquire. We monitor our compliance with the 1940 Act on an ongoing basis and may be compelled to take or refrain from taking actions, to acquire additional income or loss generating assets or to forgo opportunities that might otherwise be beneficial or advisable, including, but not limited to selling assets that are considered to be investment securities or forgoing the sale of assets that are not investment securities, in order to ensure that we (or a subsidiary) may continue to rely on the applicable exceptions or exemptions. These limitations on our freedom of action could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

If we fail to maintain an exemption, exception or other exclusion from registration as an investment company, we could, among other things, be required to substantially change the manner in which we conduct our operations either to avoid being required to register as an investment company or to register as an investment company. If we were required to register as an investment company

20


under the 1940 Act, we would become subject to substantial regulation with respect to, among other things, our capital structure (including our ability to use leverage), management, operations, transactions with affiliated persons (as defined in the 1940 Act), portfolio composition, including restrictions with respect to diversification and industry concentration, and our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected. If we did not register despite being required to do so, criminal and civil actions could be brought against us, our contracts would be unenforceable unless a court were to require enforcement, and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of us and liquidate our business.

A change in law, regulation or regulatory enforcement applicable to insurance products could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

A change in state or U.S. federal tax laws could materially affect our insurance businesses. Currently, our insurance business does not collect sales or other related taxes on its services. Whether sales of our insurance business’s services are subject to state sales and use taxes is uncertain, due in part to the nature of its services and the relationships through which its services are offered, as well as changing state laws and interpretations of those laws. One or more states may seek to impose sales or use tax or other tax collection obligations on our insurance business, whether based on sales by our insurance business or its resellers or clients, including for past sales. A successful assertion that our insurance business should be collecting sales or other related taxes on its services could result in substantial tax liabilities for past sales, discourage customers from purchasing its services, discourage clients from offering or billing for its services, or otherwise cause material harm to its business, financial condition and results of operations.

With regard to our insurance business’s payment protection products, there are federal and state laws and regulations that govern the disclosures related to lenders’ sales of those products. Our insurance business’s ability to offer and administer these products on behalf of financial institutions is dependent upon their continued ability to sell such products. To the extent that federal or state laws or regulations change to restrict or prohibit the sale of these products, our insurance business’s revenues would be adversely affected. For example, the CFPB’s enforcement actions have resulted in large refunds and civil penalties against financial institutions in connection with their marketing of payment protection and other products. Due to such regulatory actions, some lenders may reduce their sales and marketing of payment protection and other ancillary products, which may adversely affect our insurance business’s revenues. The full impact of the CFPB’s oversight is unpredictable and continues to evolve. With respect to the property and casualty insurance policies our insurance business underwrites, federal legislative proposals regarding national catastrophe insurance, if adopted, could reduce the business need for some of the related products that our insurance business provides.

Compliance with existing and new regulations affecting our business in regulated industries may increase costs and limit our ability to pursue business opportunities.

We are subject to extensive laws and regulations administered and enforced by a number of different federal and state governmental authorities in the industries in which we operate. Regulation of such industries may increase. In the past several years, there has been significant legislation affecting financial services, insurance and health care, including the Dodd-Frank Act and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. In addition, we are subject to regulations governing the protection of personal confidential information and data security including the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, EU General Data Protection Regulation, New York Department Financial Services Cybersecurity Regulation and California Consumer Privacy Act. Accordingly, we cannot predict the impact that any new laws and regulations will have on us. The costs to comply with these laws and regulations may be substantial and could have a significant negative impact on us and limit our ability to pursue business opportunities. We can give no assurances that with changes to laws and regulations, our businesses can continue to be conducted in each jurisdiction in the manner as we have in the past.

Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulation by state and, in some cases, foreign insurance authorities with respect to statutory capital, reserve and other requirements. The laws of the various states in which our insurance businesses operate establish insurance departments and other regulatory agencies with broad powers to preclude or temporarily suspend our insurance subsidiaries from carrying on some or all of their activities or otherwise fine or penalize them in any jurisdiction in which they operate. Such regulation or compliance could reduce our insurance businesses’ profitability or limit their growth by increasing the costs of compliance, limiting or restricting the products or services they sell, or the methods by which they sell their services and products, or subjecting their business to the possibility of regulatory actions or proceedings.

While the CFPB does not have direct jurisdiction over insurance products, it is possible that regulatory actions taken by the CFPB may affect the sales practices related to these products and thereby potentially affect our insurance business or the clients that it serves. In 2017, the CFPB issued rules under its unfair, deceptive and abusive acts and practices rulemaking authority relating to consumer installment loans, among other things. Such CFPB rules regarding consumer installment loans could adversely impact our insurance business’s volume of insurance products and services and cost structure. Due to such regulatory actions, some lenders may reduce their sales and marketing of payment protection and other ancillary products, which may adversely affect our insurance business’s revenues.


21


Due to the highly regulated nature of the residential mortgage industry, our mortgage subsidiaries are required to comply with a wide array of federal, state and local laws and regulations that regulate licensing, allowable fees and loan terms, permissible servicing and debt collection practices, limitations on forced-placed insurance, special consumer protections in connection with default and foreclosure, and protection of confidential, nonpublic consumer information. These laws and regulations are constantly changing and the volume of new or modified laws and regulations has increased in recent years as states and local cities and counties continue to enact laws that either restrict or impose additional obligations in connection with certain loan origination, acquisition and servicing activities in those cities and counties. These laws and regulations are complex and vary greatly among different states and localities, and in some cases, these laws are in conflict with each other or with U.S. federal law. A failure by us or our servicers to comply with applicable laws or regulations could subject our mortgage business and/or our mortgage servicers to lawsuits or governmental actions, which could result in the loss or suspension of our licenses in the applicable jurisdictions where such violations occur and/or monetary fines or changes in our mortgage operations.   If we were to determine to change servicers, there is no assurance that we could find servicers that satisfy our requirements or with whom we could enter into agreements on satisfactory terms. Any of these outcomes could materially and adversely affect our mortgage business.

Our dry bulk shipping and product tanker business and the operation of our vessels are regulated under international conventions, classification societies, national, state and local laws and regulations in force in the jurisdictions in which our vessels operate, as well as in the country or countries of their registration, that mandate safety and environmental protection policies. Government regulation of vessels, particularly environmental regulations, have become more stringent and may require us to incur significant capital expenditures on our vessels.
For example, various jurisdictions have regulated management of ballast waters to prevent the introduction of non-indigenous species that are considered invasive which requires us to make changes to the ballast water management plans we currently have in place and to install new equipment on board our vessels. Various jurisdictions have also regulated or are considering the further regulation of greenhouse gases from vessels and emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, which may increase the cost of new vessels and require retrofitting equipment on existing vessels. Specifically, the International Maritime Organization (“IMO”) set January 1, 2020 as the implementation date for vessels to comply with its low-sulfur fuel oil requirement, which lowers sulfur emission levels from 3.5% to 0.5% (the “IMO 2020 Regulations”). Vessel owners and operators may comply with this regulation by (i) using 0.5% sulfur fuels, which will be available to an as-yet unknown extent around the world by 2020 and likely at a higher cost than 3.5% sulfur fuel; (ii) installing exhaust gas cleaning systems (or “scrubbers”); or (iii) retrofitting vessels to be powered by liquefied natural gas rather than fuel oil.

These requirements can also affect the resale prices or useful lives of our vessels or require reductions in cargo capacity, ship modifications or operational changes or restrictions. Failure to comply with these requirements could lead to decreased availability of, or more costly insurance coverage for environmental matters or result in the denial of access to certain jurisdictional waters or ports, or detention in certain ports. Under local, national and foreign laws, as well as international treaties and conventions, we could incur material liabilities, including cleanup obligations and claims for natural resource, personal injury and property damages in the event that there is a release of petroleum or other hazardous materials from our vessels or otherwise in connection with our operations. Violations of, or liabilities under, environmental regulations can result in substantial penalties, fines and other sanctions, including, in certain instances, seizure or detention of our vessels. In addition, we are subject to the risk that we, our affiliated entities, or our or their respective officers, directors, shore employees, crew on board and agents may take actions determined to be in violation of such environmental regulations and laws and our environmental policies. Any such actual or alleged environmental laws regulations and policies violation, under negligence, willful misconduct or fault, could result in substantial fines, civil and/or criminal penalties or curtailment of operations in certain jurisdictions, and might adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. In addition, actual or alleged violations could damage our reputation and ability to do business. Furthermore, detecting, investigating and resolving actual or alleged violations is expensive and can consume significant time and attention of our senior management. Events of this nature could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our businesses are subject to risks related to litigation and regulatory actions.

Over the last several years, businesses in many areas of the financial services industry have been subject to increasing amounts of regulatory scrutiny. In addition, there has been an increase in litigation involving firms in the financial services industry and public companies generally, some of which have involved new types of legal claims, particularly in the insurance industry. We may be materially and adversely affected by judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, unanticipated costs or other effects of legal and administrative proceedings now pending or that may be instituted in the future, including from investigations by regulatory bodies or administrative agencies. An adverse outcome of any investigation by, or other inquiries from, any such bodies or agencies also could result in non-monetary penalties or sanctions, loss of licenses or approvals, changes in personnel, increased review and scrutiny of us by our clients, counterparties, regulatory authorities, potential litigants, the media and others, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us.


22


Our international activities increase the compliance risks associated with economic and trade sanctions imposed by the United States, the EU and other jurisdictions.

Our international operations and activities expose us to risks associated with trade and economic sanctions, prohibitions or other restrictions imposed by the United States or other governments or organizations, including the United Nations, the EU and its member countries. Under economic and trade sanctions laws, governments may seek to impose modifications to, prohibitions/restrictions on business practices and activities, and modifications to compliance programs, which may increase compliance costs, and, in the event of a violation, may subject us to fines and other penalties.

We could be materially adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and anti-corruption laws in other applicable jurisdictions.

We are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering and similar laws and regulations in various jurisdictions in which we conduct business, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act 2010. We operate in countries known to present heightened risks for corruption and our dry bulk shipping and product tankers and related operations requires us to interact with government officials, including port officials, harbor masters, maritime regulators, customs officials and pilots.

Non-compliance with anti-corruption, anti-bribery or anti-money laundering laws could subject us to whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, and severe administrative, civil and criminal sanctions, collateral consequences, remedial measures and legal expenses, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation.

Failure to protect our clients’ confidential information and privacy could result in the loss of our reputation and customers, reduction in our profitability and subject us to fines, penalties and litigation and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We and our subsidiaries retain confidential information in our information systems, and we are subject to a variety of privacy regulations and confidentiality obligations. For example, some of the Company’s subsidiaries are subject to the privacy regulations of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. We and certain of our subsidiaries also have contractual obligations to protect confidential information we obtain from third parties. These obligations generally require us, in accordance with applicable laws, to protect such information to the same extent that we protect our own confidential information. We have implemented physical, administrative and logical security systems with the intent of maintaining the physical security of our facilities and systems and protecting our clients’ and their customers’ confidential information and personally-identifiable information against unauthorized access through our information systems or by other electronic transmission or through misdirection, theft or loss of data. Despite such efforts, we may be subject to a breach of our security systems that results in unauthorized access to our facilities and/or the information we are trying to protect. Anyone who is able to circumvent our security measures and penetrate our information systems could access, view, misappropriate, alter or delete any information in the systems, including personally identifiable customer information and proprietary business information. In addition, most states require that customers be notified if a security breach results in the disclosure of personally-identifiable customer information. Any compromise of the security of our or our subsidiaries’ information systems that results in inappropriate disclosure of such information could result in, among other things, unfavorable publicity and damage to our and our subsidiaries’ reputation, governmental inquiry and oversight, difficulty in marketing our services, loss of clients, significant civil and criminal liability, litigation and the incurrence of significant technical, legal and other expenses, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Cyberattacks targeting Tiptree’s process control networks or other digital infrastructure could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business and results of operations. 

There are numerous and evolving risks to cybersecurity and privacy from cyber threat actors, including criminal hackers, state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage and employee malfeasance. These cyber threat actors are becoming more sophisticated and coordinated in their attempts to access information technology (“IT”) systems and data, including the IT systems of cloud providers and third parties with which the Company conducts or may conduct business. Although the Company devotes significant resources to prevent unwanted intrusions and to protect its systems and data, whether such data is housed internally or by external third parties, the Company has experienced immaterial cyber incidents and will continue to experience cyber incidents of varying degrees in the conduct of its business. Cyber threat actors could compromise the Company’s process control networks or other critical systems and infrastructure, resulting in disruptions to its business operations, access to its financial reporting systems, or loss, misuse or corruption of its critical data and proprietary information, including without limitation its business information and that of its employees, customers, partners and other third parties. Cyber events could result in significant financial losses, legal or regulatory violations, reputational harm, and legal liability and could ultimately have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations.

23



Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

Item 2. Properties

Our principal executive office is located at 299 Park Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, New York 10171. We and our subsidiaries lease properties throughout the United States and Europe, all of which are used as administrative offices. We believe that the terms of the leases at each of our subsidiaries are sufficient to meet our present needs and we do not anticipate any difficulty in securing additional space, as needed, on acceptable terms.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company owned 11 single family properties in our insurance segment consisting of REO properties resulting from our investments in non-performing residential mortgage loans.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Litigation
Fortegra is a defendant in Mullins v. Southern Financial Life Insurance Co., which was filed in February 2006, in the Pike Circuit Court, in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. A class was certified in June 2010. At issue is the duration or term of coverage under certain disability and life credit insurance policies. The action alleges violations of the Consumer Protection Act and certain insurance statutes, as well as common law fraud and seeks compensatory and punitive damages, attorney fees and interest. To date, the court has not awarded sanctions in connection with Plaintiffs’ April 2012 Motion for Sanctions. In January 2015, the trial court issued an Order denying Fortegra’s motion to decertify the class, which was upheld on appeal. Following a February 2017 hearing, the court denied Fortegra’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to certain disability insurance policies. In January 2018, in response to a Plaintiffs’ Motion the court vacated its November 2017 order granting Fortegra’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to the life certificates at issue with leave to refile. No trial or additional hearings are currently scheduled.

Tiptree considers such litigation customary in the insurance industry. In management's opinion, based on information available at this time, the ultimate resolution of such litigation, which it is vigorously defending, should not be materially adverse to the financial position of Tiptree. However, large punitive damage awards, bearing little relation to actual damages sustained by plaintiffs, have been awarded in certain states against other companies in the credit insurance business. At this time, the Company cannot estimate a range of loss that is reasonably possible.

Tiptree and its subsidiaries are parties to other legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. Although Tiptree’s legal and financial liability with respect to such proceedings cannot be estimated with certainty, Tiptree does not believe that these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, are likely to have a material adverse effect on Tiptree’s financial position.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.


24


PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information
Tiptree’s Common Stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “TIPT”.

Holders
As of December 31, 2019, there were 56 Common Stockholders of record. This number does not include beneficial owners whose shares are held by nominees in street name.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Share repurchase activity for the three months ended December 31, 2019 was as follows:
Period
Purchaser
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased(1)
Average
Price
Paid Per
Share
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
as Part of
Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs
Approximate
Dollar Value of
Shares That
May Yet Be
Purchased
Under the
Plans or
Programs(1)
October 1, 2019 to October 31, 2019
Tiptree Inc.

$


$

November 1, 2019 to November 30, 2019
Tiptree Inc.

$


$

December 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019: Open Market Purchases
Tiptree Inc.

$


$
20,000,000

 
Total

$


$
20,000,000


(1)
On May 2, 2019, the Board of Directors of Tiptree (“Board”) authorized Tiptree’s Executive Committee to repurchase up to $20 million of its outstanding Common Stock in the aggregate from time to time.



25


Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The following tables set forth our consolidated selected financial data for the periods and as of the dates indicated and are derived from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements. The following consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) in Item 7 of this Form 10-K and the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. All amounts pertaining to our results of operations and financial condition are presented on a continuing operations basis. All acquisitions by Tiptree during the five years ended December 31, 2019 are included in results of operations since their respective dates of acquisition.
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)
 
2019
 
2018(1)
 
2017(1)
 
2016(1)
 
2015(1)(2)
Total revenues
 
$
772,728

 
$
625,826

 
$
581,798

 
$
506,423

 
$
392,331

Total expenses
 
743,589

 
645,622

 
595,585

 
477,537

 
388,346

Net income (loss) attributable to consolidated CLOs (3)
 

 

 
10,457

 
20,254

 
(6,889
)
Income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
 
29,139

 
(19,796
)
 
(3,330
)
 
49,140

 
(2,904
)
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
 
9,017

 
(5,909
)
 
(12,562
)
 
12,515

 
(753
)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
20,122

 
(13,887
)
 
9,232

 
36,625

 
(2,151
)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
 

 
43,770

 
(3,998
)
 
(4,287
)
 
10,953

Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
 
20,122

 
29,883

 
5,234

 
32,338

 
8,802

Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
 
1,761

 
5,950

 
1,630

 
7,018

 
3,023

Net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders
 
$
18,361

 
$
23,933

 
$
3,604

 
$
25,320

 
$
5,779

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) per Common Share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic, continuing operations, net
 
$
0.52

 
$
(0.38
)
 
$
0.22

 
$
0.88

 
$
(0.01
)
Basic, discontinued operations, net
 

 
1.07

 
(0.10
)
 
(0.09
)
 
0.18

Basic earnings per share
 
0.52

 
0.69

 
0.12

 
0.79

 
0.17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted, continuing operations, net
 
0.50

 
(0.38
)
 
0.21

 
0.86

 
(0.01
)
Diluted, discontinued operations, net
 

 
1.07

 
(0.10
)
 
(0.08
)
 
0.18

Diluted earnings per share
 
$
0.50

 
$
0.69

 
$
0.11

 
$
0.78

 
$
0.17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of Common Shares:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
34,578,292

 
34,715,852

 
29,134,190

 
31,721,449

 
33,202,681

Diluted
 
34,578,292

 
34,715,852

 
37,306,632

 
31,766,674

 
33,202,681

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends paid per common share
 
$
0.155

 
$
0.135

 
$
0.12

 
$
0.10

 
$
0.10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31,
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: (in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Total assets (4)
 
$
2,198,286

 
$
1,864,918

 
$
1,989,742

 
$
2,890,050

 
$
2,494,970

Debt, net (5)
 
374,454

 
354,083

 
346,081

 
554,870

 
502,255

Total stockholders’ equity
 
$
411,415

 
$
399,259

 
$
396,774

 
$
390,144

 
$
397,694

Total Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity
 
398,062

 
387,101

 
300,077

 
293,431

 
312,840


(1)
Care revenues of $6.5 million, $76.0 million, $60.7 million and $46.1 million and net income (loss) of $43.8 million, $(4.0) million, $(4.3) million and $(11.7) million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, are included in Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net.
(2)
Philadelphia Financial Group, Inc. revenues of $40.5 million and net income of $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, and gain on sale of $15.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 are included in Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net.
(3)
During 2017, the Company exited all consolidated CLOs. The operations of the CLO were consolidated in the results of the Company through the redemption date. See Note (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
(4)
Total assets on December 31, 2016 and 2015 include $989.5 million and $728.8 million of assets held by consolidated CLO entities, respectively.
(5)
Excludes debt of discontinued operations.


26


Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations is presented in this section as follows:
Overview
Results of Operations
Non-GAAP Reconciliations
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

OVERVIEW

Tiptree is a holding company that allocates capital across a broad spectrum of businesses, assets and other investments. Our principal operating subsidiary and primary source of earnings, Tiptree Insurance, along with its subsidiaries, is a leading provider of specialty insurance, warranty products and related administration services. We also generate earnings from a diverse group of select investments that we refer to as Tiptree Capital. We evaluate our performance primarily by the comparison of our shareholders’ long-term total return on capital, as measured by Adjusted EBITDA, Operating EBITDA and growth in book value per share plus dividends.

Our 2019 and early 2020 highlights include:

Overall:
Delivered total annual return of 8.2%, as measured by growth in book value per share plus dividends paid.
In 2019, we purchased and retired 1,472,730 shares of our Common Stock for $9.1 million.
Increased our dividends for the third consecutive year to $0.155 per share, a 14.8% increase over the prior year.

Tiptree Insurance:
Gross written premiums for 2019 were $1,015.3 million, up 17.0% from the prior year. Net written premiums were $537.2 million, up 15.1%, driven by growth in all product lines.
Our insurance investments earned a total return of 5.4%, up from 0.3% from the prior year period, driven primarily by improved mark-to-market on equities.
In January 2020, we acquired Smart AutoCare, a rapidly growing vehicle warranty administrator in the United States. The transaction valued the business at $160 million of enterprise value, inclusive of $50 million of earn out consideration, representing a multiple of 8.3x modified cash EBITDA (excluding anticipated revenue and expense synergies).
As part of our strategy to grow our insurance operations in Europe, we acquired a majority interest in Defend in July 2019, an automotive finance and insurance administrator operating in the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and the UK.

Tiptree Capital:
Operating EBITDA grew year over year, driven primarily by the inclusion of a full year of our maritime transportation operations and improvements in specialty finance.
Increased invested capital, primarily due to additional investments in vessels.

Our results of operations are affected by a variety of factors including, but not limited to, general economic conditions and GDP growth, market liquidity and volatility, consumer confidence, U.S. demographics, employment and wage growth, business confidence and investment, inflation, interest rates and spreads, the impact of the regulatory environment, and the other factors set forth in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this 10-K. Generally, our businesses are positively affected by a healthy U.S. consumer, stable to gradually rising interest rates, stable markets and business conditions, and global growth and trade flows. Conversely, rising unemployment, volatile markets, rapidly rising interest rates, changing regulatory requirements and slowing business conditions can have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Our insurance business generally focuses on products which have low severity but high frequency loss experiences and are short duration, and business has historically generated significant fee-based revenues. In general, the types of products we offer tend to have limited aggregation risk, and thus, limited exposure to catastrophic and residual risk. We mitigate our underwriting risk through a combination of reinsurance and retrospective commission structures with our distribution partners and/or third party reinsurers. Our insurance results primarily depend on our pricing, underwriting, risk retention and the accuracy of reserves, reinsurance arrangements, returns on invested assets, and policy and contract renewals and run-off. While our insurance operations have historically maintained a relatively stable combined ratio which support steady earnings, our initiatives to change our

27


business mix along with economic factors could generate different results than we have historically experienced. We believe there are additional growth opportunities to expand our warranty and specialty programs insurance business model to other niche products and markets.

Our insurance company investment portfolio primarily serves as a source to pay claims and secondarily as a source of income for our operations. Our investments include fixed maturity securities, loans, credit investment funds, equity securities, real estate and CLOs. Many of our investments are held at fair value. Changes in fair value for loans, credit investment funds, equity securities and CLO assets and liabilities are reported quarterly as unrealized gains or losses in revenues and can be impacted by changes in interest rates, credit risk, or market risk, including specific company or industry factors. Our equity holdings are relatively concentrated. General equity market trends, along with company and industry specific factors, can impact the fair value of our holdings and can result in unrealized gains and losses affecting our results. In addition, both as part of our insurance company investments and separately in Tiptree Capital, common shares of Invesque represent a significant asset on our consolidated balance sheet. Any change in the fair value of Invesque’s common stock or Invesque’s dividend policy could have a significant impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

The maritime transportation industry is highly competitive and fragmented. Demand for shipping capacity is a function of global economic conditions and the related demand for commodities, production and consumption patterns, as well as events, which interrupt production, trade routes, and consumption. The shipping industry is cyclical with high volatility in charter hire rates and profitability. General global economic conditions, along with company and industry specific factors, can impact the fair value of our vessels and their operating results.

Our business can also be impacted in various ways by changes in interest rates, which can result in fluctuations in fair value of our investments, revenues associated with floating rate loans, volume and revenues in our mortgage business and interest expense associated with floating rate debt used to fund many of our operations.

A discussion of our performance for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 appears below. A discussion of our performance for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017 is set forth in Part II, Item 7 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following is a summary of our consolidated financial results for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. In addition to GAAP results, management uses the Non-GAAP measures Operating EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and book value per share as measurements of operating performance. Management believes these measures provide supplemental information useful to investors as they are frequently used by the financial community to analyze financial performance, debt service and comparison among companies. Management uses Operating EBITDA as part of its capital allocation process and to assess comparative returns on invested capital. Adjusted EBITDA is also used in determining incentive compensation for the Company’s executive officers. The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as GAAP net income of the Company adjusted (i) to add back corporate interest expense, consolidated income taxes and consolidated depreciation and amortization expense, (ii) for the effect of purchase accounting, (iii) for non-cash fair value adjustments, and (iv) for any significant non-recurring expenses. Operating EBITDA represents Adjusted EBITDA plus stock based compensation expense, less realized and unrealized gains and losses and less third party non-controlling interests. Operating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not measurements of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute for GAAP net income. See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation of these measures to their GAAP equivalents.

Selected Key Metrics
($ in millions, except per share information)
Year Ended December 31,
GAAP:
2019
 
2018
Total revenues
$
772.7

 
$
625.8

Net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders
$
18.4

 
$
23.9

Diluted earnings per share
$
0.50

 
$
0.69

Cash dividends paid per common share
$
0.155

 
$
0.135

 
 
 
 
Non-GAAP: (1)
 
 
 
Operating EBITDA
$
63.6

 
$
54.9

Adjusted EBITDA
$
63.0

 
$
28.8

Book value per share (2)
$
11.52

 
$
10.79


28


(1) For information relating to Operating and Adjusted EBITDA and book value per share, including a reconciliation to GAAP financials, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations.”
(2) For periods prior to April 10, 2018, book value per share assumed full exchange of the limited partnership units of TFP for Common Stock.

Revenues

For the year ended December 31, 2019, revenues were $772.7 million, which increased $146.9 million, or 23.5%. The increase was primarily driven by growth in earned premiums, lower unrealized losses on Invesque, improvements in specialty finance results, the inclusion of a full year of revenue from shipping operations and the gain on sale of our CLO asset management business. Earned premiums were $499.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, up $71.3 million, or 16.7%, driven by growth in net written premiums. The combination of unearned premiums and deferred revenues on the balance sheet grew by $174.4 million, or 25.8%, from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019 as a result of increased written premiums, primarily in credit protection and warranty programs.

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders

For the year ended December 31, 2019, net income available to Common Stockholders was $18.4 million, a decrease of $5.5 million. The decrease was primarily driven by income from discontinued operations of $43.8 million in 2018, which included the gain on sale of Care. This non-recurring gain was offset by improved insurance operating performance, the realized gain on the sale of our CLO management business, and increased realized and unrealized gains on investments in 2019.

The table below highlights key drivers impacting our consolidated results on a pre-tax basis. Many of our investments are carried at fair value and marked to market through unrealized gains and losses. As a result, we expect our earnings relating to these investments to be relatively volatile between periods. Our fixed income securities are primarily marked to market through accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) in stockholders’ equity and do not impact net realized and unrealized gains and losses until they are sold. On February 1, 2018, we sold our senior living operations to Invesque in exchange for a net of 16.6 million shares of Invesque common stock which resulted in a pre-tax gain on sale of $56.9 million in 2018.
($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,

2019
 
2018
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)
$
9.8

 
$
(14.0
)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) - Invesque
$
(1.2
)
 
$
(20.7
)
Discontinued operations (Care)(2)
$

 
$
57.5

(1) Excludes Invesque, Mortgage realized and unrealized gains and losses and NPLs. The year ended December 31, 2019 includes a $7.6 million gain on sale of our CLO business.
(2) Represents Care for the year ended December 31, 2018 including a $56.9 million pre-tax gain on sale.

Operating and Adjusted EBITDA - Non-GAAP

Operating EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $63.6 million, an increase of $8.7 million, or 15.8%. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the key drivers of the increase were driven by improved performance in Tiptree Capital.

Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $63.0 million, an increase of $34.2 million. The key drivers of the increase in the year ended December 31, 2019 were the same factors that drove improved performance in Operating EBITDA plus lower unrealized losses on investments in the insurance portfolio and on Invesque and the gain on sale of our CLO management business. See “— Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation to GAAP net income.

Book Value per share - Non-GAAP

Total stockholders’ equity was $411.5 million as of December 31, 2019 compared to $399.3 million as of December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily driven by net income, offset by share repurchases and dividends paid. Over the past twelve months, Tiptree returned $14.4 million to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends paid. Book value per share for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $11.52, an increase from book value per share of $10.79 as of December 31, 2018. The key drivers of the period-over-period impact were earnings per share and the purchase of 1.5 million shares at an average 40% discount to book value. Those increases were offset by dividends paid of $0.155 per share and officer compensation share issuances.

Results by Segment
We classify our business into one reportable segment, Tiptree Insurance, with the remainder of our non-insurance operations aggregated into Tiptree Capital. Corporate activities include holding company interest expense, employee compensation and

29


benefits, and other expenses, including, but not limited to, public company expenses. The following table presents the components of total pre-tax income including continuing and discontinued operations.

Pre-tax Income
($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,

2019
 
2018
Tiptree Insurance
$
41.0

 
$
18.6

Tiptree Capital
21.0

 
(7.8
)
Corporate
(32.9
)
 
(30.6
)
Pre-tax income (loss) from continuing operations
$
29.1

 
$
(19.8
)
Pre-tax income (loss) from discontinued operations (1)
$

 
$
57.5

(1)
Represents Care for the year ended December 31, 2018, which includes $56.9 million pre-tax gain on sale.

Invested Capital, Total Capital and Operating EBITDA - Non-GAAP (1) 

Management evaluates the return on Invested Capital and Total Capital, which are non-GAAP financial measures, when making capital decisions. Invested Capital represents the total equity investment, including any re-investment of earnings, and acquisition costs, net of tax. Total Capital represents Invested Capital plus Corporate Debt. Management believes the use of these financial measures provide supplemental information useful to investors as they are frequently used by the financial community to analyze how a company has allocated capital over-time and provide a basis for determining the return on capital to shareholders. Management uses both of these measures when making capital decisions, including reinvesting cash, and evaluating the relative performance of its businesses and investments. The following tables present the components of Invested Capital, Total Capital, Operating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.

As of December 31,
($ in millions)
Invested Capital
 
Total Capital

2019
 
2018

2019
 
2018
Tiptree Insurance
$
317.9

 
$
296.3

 
$
503.0

 
$
456.4

Tiptree Capital
199.1

 
182.0

 
199.1

 
182.0

Corporate
(65.5
)
 
(43.9
)
 
2.7

 
28.2

Total Tiptree
$
451.5


$
434.4


$
704.8


$
666.6


Operating and Adjusted EBITDA
($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,

2019
 
2018
Tiptree Insurance
$
63.3

 
$
64.5

Tiptree Capital (2)
22.8

 
13.7

Corporate
(22.5
)
 
(23.3
)
Operating EBITDA
$
63.6

 
$
54.9

Stock based compensation expense
(6.4
)
 
(6.7
)
Vessel depreciation, net of capital expenditures
(2.9
)
 
(0.9
)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) (3)
8.6

 
(18.5
)
Third party non-controlling interests (4)
0.1

 

Adjusted EBITDA
$
63.0

 
$
28.8

(1)  
For further information relating to Invested Capital, Total Capital, Operating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, including a reconciliation to GAAP total stockholders’ equity and pre-tax income, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations.”
(2)
Includes discontinued operations related to Care for the 2018 period. As of February 1, 2018, invested capital from Care discontinued operations is represented by our Invesque common shares. For more information, see “Note (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.”
(3)
Excludes Mortgage realized and unrealized gains and losses - Performing and NPLs.
(4)
Removes the Operating EBITDA associated with third party non-controlling interests. Does not remove the non-controlling interests related to employee based shares.

Tiptree Insurance

Our principal operating subsidiary, Tiptree Insurance, is a provider of specialty insurance products and related services, including credit protection insurance, warranty products, and insurance programs which underwrite niche personal and commercial lines of insurance. We also offer fee-based administration and fronting services for our self-insured clients who own captive producer owned reinsurance companies (PORCs). We generate income from insurance underwriting operations and our investment portfolio. Insurance underwriting revenues are primarily generated from net earned premiums, service and administrative fees

30


and ceding commissions. We measure insurance underwriting operations performance by underwriting margin, combined ratio and Operating EBITDA. The investment portfolio income consists of investment income and gains and losses, and is measured by net portfolio income.

The following tables present the insurance segment results for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Operating Results
($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Gross written premiums
$
1,015.3

 
$
868.1

Net written premiums
537.2

 
466.8

Revenues:
 
 
 
Net earned premiums
$
499.1

 
$
427.8

Service and administrative fees
106.2

 
102.3

Ceding commissions
9.6

 
9.7

Net investment income
14.0

 
19.2

Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
6.9

 
(11.7
)
Other income
4.6

 
2.6

Total revenues
$
640.4

 
$
549.9

Expenses:
 
 
 
Policy and contract benefits
170.7

 
152.1

Commission expense
303.1

 
262.5

Employee compensation and benefits
50.0

 
45.8

Interest expense
14.8

 
18.2

Depreciation and amortization expense
9.1

 
10.8

Other expenses
51.7

 
41.9

Total expenses
$
599.4

 
$
531.3

Pre-tax income (loss)
$
41.0

 
$
18.6


Results

Our insurance operations are currently expanding product lines in an effort to increase written premiums, and commensurately grow the insurance portfolio. As part of this process, the business is investing to grow warranty and specialty programs, while maintaining a leading position in our credit protection markets. That, combined with the earnings performance of the investment portfolio, are key drivers in comparing 2019 versus 2018 results. The growth in written premiums, combined with higher retention in select products, has resulted in an increase of unearned premiums and deferred revenue on the balance sheet of $174.4 million, or 25.8%, from $675.2 million as of December 31, 2018 to $849.6 million as of December 31, 2019.

Pre-tax income was $41.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $22.4 million, or 120.4%. The primary drivers of the increase were growth in net earned premiums, net realized and unrealized gains of $6.9 million in the 2019 period versus $11.7 million of losses in the 2018 period, primarily related to equities and loans held at fair value in the portfolio. Insurance underwriting results improved, driven primarily by increased underwriting margin of $17.9 million, or 14.0%. Interest expense decreased by $3.4 million, or 18.7%, primarily associated with a reduction of asset based debt. Other expenses increased $9.8 million, primarily associated with higher premium taxes due to the growth in written premiums and debt extinguishment expenses on asset based debt.

Revenues

Revenues are generated by the sale of the following products: credit protection, warranty, specialty, services and other. Credit protection products include credit life, credit disability, credit property, involuntary unemployment, and accidental death and dismemberment. Warranty products include vehicle service contracts, furniture and appliance service contracts and mobile device protection. Specialty programs are primarily personal and commercial lines and other property-casualty products.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, total revenues were $640.4 million, up $90.5 million, or 16.5%, primarily driven by an increase in earned premiums of $71.3 million, or 16.7%, and increases in service and administrative fees of $3.9 million, or 3.8%. The increase in earned premiums was driven by growth in credit and warranty programs. For the year ended December 31, 2019, revenues on the investment portfolio contributed $22.0 million, compared to $8.0 million in the 2018 period, an

31


increase of $14.0 million, driven by net realized and unrealized gains in 2019 versus losses in the prior year period. See “—Tiptree Insurance Investment Portfolio” for a further discussion of the investment results.

Expenses

Total expenses include policy and contract benefits, commissions expense and operating expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2019, total expenses were $599.4 million, up $68.1 million, or 12.8%, primary driven by increases in policy and contract benefits and commission expense as written premiums and insurance revenues increased over the 2018 period.

There are two types of expenses for claims under insurance and warranty service contracts included in policy and contract benefits which are member benefit claims and net losses and loss adjustment expenses. Member benefit claims represent the costs of services and replacement devices incurred in warranty protection and motor club service contracts. Net losses and loss adjustment expenses represent actual insurance claims paid, changes in unpaid claim reserves, net of amounts ceded, and the costs of administering claims for credit life and other insurance lines. Incurred claims are impacted by loss frequency, which is a measure of the number of claims per unit of insured exposure, and loss severity, which is based on the average size of claims. Loss occurrences in our insurance products are characterized by low severity and high frequency. Factors affecting loss frequency and loss severity include the volume of underwritten contracts, changes in claims reporting patterns, claims settlement patterns, judicial decisions, economic conditions, morbidity patterns and the attitudes of claimants towards settlements.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, policy and contract benefits were $170.7 million, up $18.6 million, or 12.2%, primarily as a result of growth in written premiums.

Commission expense is incurred on most product lines, the majority of which are retrospective commissions paid to distributors and retailers selling our products, including credit insurance policies, warranty and mobile device protection service contracts, and motor club memberships. Credit insurance commission rates are, in many cases, set by state regulators and are also impacted by market conditions and retention levels.

Total commission expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $303.1 million, up $40.6 million, or 15.5%, primarily due to commission expense associated with the growth in written premiums.

Operating expenses include employee compensation and benefits, interest expense, depreciation and amortization expense and other expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2019, employee compensation and benefits were $50.0 million, up $4.2 million, or 9.2%, from increased headcount and incentive-based compensation. Interest expense of $14.8 million in 2019 decreased by $3.4 million, or 18.7%, primarily from reduced asset based debt. Other expenses for the year ended December 31, 2019 were $51.7 million, up $9.8 million, or 23.4%, primarily from higher premium taxes due to growth in written premiums and debt extinguishment expenses associated with the asset based debt. Depreciation and amortization expense was lower period-over-period as a result of the decline in VOBA purchase accounting impact from the amortization of the fair value attributed to the insurance policies and contracts acquired.

Key Operating Metrics and Non-GAAP Operating Results

Gross & Net Written Premiums

Gross written premiums represents total premiums from insurance policies and warranty service contracts written during a reporting period. Net written premiums are gross written premiums less that portion of premiums ceded to third party reinsurers or PORCs. The amount ceded is based on the individual reinsurance agreements. Net earned premiums are the earned portion of our net written premiums. At the end of each reporting period, premiums written that are not earned are classified as unearned premiums, which are earned in subsequent periods over the remaining term of the policy.

Written Premium Metrics
 
Year Ended December 31,
($ in millions)
Gross Written Premiums
 
Net Written Premiums
Insurance Products:
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Credit protection
$
644.1

 
$
557.9

 
$
356.2

 
$
354.8

Warranty
233.0

 
123.8

 
123.9

 
61.0

Specialty
138.2

 
186.4

 
57.1

 
51.0

Total
$
1,015.3


$
868.1

 
$
537.2


$
466.8


32


Total gross written premiums for the year ended December 31, 2019 were $1,015.3 million, which represented an increase of $147.2 million, or 17.0%. The increase was driven by growth in credit and warranty programs. The amount of business retained was 52.9%, down from 53.8% in the prior year period. Total net premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2019 were $537.2 million, up $70.4 million, or 15.1%, driven by growth in all products. We believe our warranty service contracts and light commercial programs provide opportunity for growth through expanded product offerings, new clients and geographic expansion.

Product Underwriting Margin - Non-GAAP

The following table presents product specific revenue and expenses within the Tiptree insurance segment. We generally manage our exposure to the underwriting risk we assume using both reinsurance (e.g., quota share and excess of loss) and retrospective commission agreements with our partners (e.g., commissions paid are adjusted based on the actual underlying losses incurred), which mitigate our risk. Period-over-period comparisons of revenues and expenses are often impacted by the PORCs and distribution partners choice as to whether to retain risk, specifically service and administration expenses and ceding commissions, both components of revenue, and policy and contract benefits and commissions paid to our partners and reinsurers. Generally, when losses are incurred, the risk which is retained by our partners and reinsurers is reflected in a reduction in commissions paid. In order to better explain to investors the net financial impact of the risk retained by the Company of the insurance contracts written and the impact on profitability, we use the Non-GAAP metric - Underwriting Margin.

Underwriting Revenues and Underwriting Margin - Non-GAAP(1)
 
Year Ended December 31,
($ in millions)
Underwriting Revenues
 
Underwriting Margin
Insurance products:
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Credit protection
$
437.4

 
$
384.4

 
$
87.7

 
$
77.0

Warranty
120.7

 
89.6

 
37.9

 
28.6

Specialty
51.0

 
59.7

 
9.7

 
13.1

Services and other
10.4

 
8.7

 
10.4

 
9.1

Total
$
619.5

 
$
542.4

 
$
145.7

 
$
127.8

(1) For further information relating to the Company’s underwriting margin, including a reconciliation to GAAP financials, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations.”

Underwriting margin for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $145.7 million, up $17.9 million, or 14.0%. Credit protection underwriting margin was $87.7 million, an increase of $10.7 million, or 13.9%. Credit protection products continue to provide opportunities for steady growth through a combination of expanded product offerings and new clients. Underwriting margin for warranty products was $37.9 million, up $9.3 million, or 32.5%, driven primarily by growth in auto, furniture and appliances warranty service contracts. Specialty underwriting margin for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $9.7 million, down $3.4 million, or 26.0%, due to the run-off of certain discontinued non-standard auto programs. Services and other contributed $10.4 million in year ended December 31, 2019, which was up $1.3 million, or 14.3%.

Invested Capital, Total Capital, Operating EBITDA and Insurance Operating Ratios

We use the combined ratio as an operating metric to evaluate our insurance underwriting performance, both overall and relative to peers. Expressed as a percentage, it represents the relationship of policy and contract benefits, commission expense (net of ceding commissions), employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses to net earned premiums, service and administrative fees, and other income (excluding returns on the investment portfolio). Investors use this ratio to evaluate the ability of insureds to profitably underwrite the risks they assume over time and manage operating costs. A combined ratio less than 100% indicates an underwriting profit, while a combined ratio greater than 100% reflects an underwriting loss. The below table outlines the insurance operating ratios, capital invested and the drivers of Operating EBITDA split between underwriting and investments, as management evaluates the return on the investment portfolio separately from the returns from underwriting activities.


33


Invested Capital, Total Capital, Operating EBITDA and Operating Ratios - Non-GAAP(1) 
($ in millions)
As of December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Invested Capital(1)
$
317.9

 
$
296.3

Total Capital(1)
$
503.0

 
$
456.4

 
 
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
Operating EBITDA drivers:
2019
 
2018
Underwriting
$
48.4

 
$
45.4

Investments
14.9

 
19.1

Tiptree Insurance Operating EBITDA(1)
$
63.3

 
$
64.5

Insurance operating ratios:
 
 
 
Combined ratio
92.6
%
 
92.5
%
(1) For further information relating to the Company’s Operating EBITDA, Invested and Total Capital, and combined ratio, including a reconciliation to GAAP financials, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations.”

The combined ratio was 92.6% for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to 92.5% for the prior year period. The ratio was stable period-over-period, driven by continued growth in revenues and consistent margins across our product offerings. See “—Insurance Investment Portfolio” for a further discussion of the investment results and “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation to GAAP pre-tax income.

Insurance Investment Portfolio

Our insurance investment portfolio is subject to different regulatory considerations, including with respect to types of assets, concentration limits, affiliate transactions and the use of leverage. Our investment strategy is designed to achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns over the entire investment horizon across select asset classes, sectors and geographies while maintaining adequate liquidity to meet our claims payment obligations. As such, volatility from realized and unrealized gains and losses may impact period-over-period performance. Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities and loans held at fair value impact current period net income, while unrealized gains and losses on available for sale (AFS) securities impact AOCI.

In managing our investment portfolio, we analyze net investments and net portfolio income, which are non-GAAP measures. Our presentation of net investments equals total investments plus cash and cash equivalents minus asset based financing related to certain investments. Our presentation of net portfolio income equals net investment income plus realized and unrealized gains and losses, including unrealized gains and losses on securities which are taken to AOCI, and minus interest expense associated with asset based financing of investments. Net investments and net portfolio income are used to calculate total return, which is one of the measures management uses to analyze the profitability of our investment portfolio. Management believes this information on a cumulative basis is useful since it allows investors to evaluate the performance of our investment portfolio based on the capital at risk and on a non-consolidated basis. Our calculation of net investments and net portfolio income may differ from similarly titled non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. Net investments and net portfolio income are not measures of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered a substitute for total investments or net investment income. See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation to GAAP total investments and investment income.


34


Tiptree Insurance Investment Portfolio - Non-GAAP
($ in millions)
As of December 31,

2019
 
2018
Cash and cash equivalents (1)
$
89.2

 
$
53.3

Available for sale securities, at fair value
335.2

 
283.6

Equity securities
62.8

 
29.4

Loans, at fair value (2)
10.2

 
78.5

Real estate, net
2.2

 
10.0

Other investments
40.3

 
8.5

Net investments
$
539.9

 
$
463.3

 
 
 
 
(1) Cash and cash equivalents, plus restricted cash, net of due from/due to brokers on consolidated loan funds, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations”, for a reconciliation to GAAP financials.
(2) Loans, at fair value, net of asset based debt, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations”, for a reconciliation to GAAP financials.
 
Tiptree Insurance Net Investment Portfolio Income - Non-GAAP
 
 
 
 
($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Net investment income
$
14.0

 
$
19.2

Other income
1.1

 
0.5

Realized gains (losses)
4.7

 
5.6

Unrealized gains (losses)
2.2

 
(17.3
)
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities
5.0

 
(2.1
)
Interest expense
(0.6
)
 
(4.7
)
Net portfolio income (loss)
$
26.4

 
$
1.2

Total Return % (1)
5.4
%
 
0.3
%
(1) Total Return % represents the ratio of annualized net investment income, realized and unrealized gains (losses) (including realized and unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities included in AOCI), less investment portfolio interest expense to the average of the prior five quarters total investments less investment portfolio debt plus cash.

Net investments of $539.9 million have grown 16.5% from December 31, 2018 through a combination of organic growth in written premiums and increased retention.

Our net investment income includes interest and dividends, net of investment expenses, on our invested assets. Our loans, at fair value, are generally floating rate and therefore earn LIBOR plus a spread. Generally, our interest income on those loans will increase in a rising interest rate environment, or decrease in a declining rate environment, subject to any LIBOR floors. Our held-to-maturity investments generally carry fixed coupons, which can impact our returns on investment. We report net realized gains and losses on our investments separately from our net investment income. Net realized gains occur when we sell our investment securities for more than their costs or amortized costs, as applicable. Net realized losses occur when we sell our investment securities for less than their costs or amortized costs, as applicable, or we write down the investment securities as a result of other-than-temporary impairment. We report net unrealized gains and losses on securities classified as AFS separately within AOCI on our balance sheet. For loans, at fair value, and equity securities, we report unrealized gains and losses within net realized gains and losses on the consolidated statement of operations.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the net investment portfolio income was $26.4 million, up $25.2 million. Net investment income was $14.0 million, down $5.2 million, or 27.1% from 2018, driven primarily by our efforts to reduce exposure to levered credit through the sale of loans held at fair value, combined with an overall decline in LIBOR rates. For the year ended December 31, 2019, fair market value changes on equities resulted in unrealized and realized gains of $7.8 million, compared to losses of $9.4 million in the 2018 period. The total return for the year improved from 0.3% in 2018 to 5.4% in 2019. The improvement was a result of lower asset based interest expense and unrealized gains compared to unrealized losses in the prior year.

Tiptree Capital

Tiptree Capital consists of our non-insurance operating businesses and investments. As of December 31, 2019, Tiptree Capital includes our Invesque shares, maritime transportation operations, and mortgage operations. We manage Tiptree Capital on a total return basis, balancing current cash flow and long-term value appreciation.


35


The following table summarizes total revenues, pre-tax income from continuing and discontinued operations from Tiptree Capital.

Operating Results
($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Total revenues
$
132.3

 
$
76.0

Pre-tax income (loss) from continuing operations
$
21.0

 
$
(7.8
)
Pre-tax income (loss) from discontinued operations
$

 
$
57.5


Drivers of pre-tax income from continuing and discontinued operations
($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Asset management fees and credit investments
$
7.7

 
$
1.5

Maritime transportation
$
1.8

 
$
(1.7
)
Specialty finance and other
$
2.4

 
$
0.3

Senior Living:
 
 
 
Invesque(1)
$
9.1

 
$
(7.9
)
Care - discontinued operations(2)
$

 
$
57.5

(1) Within Tiptree Capital, includes $10.1 million of dividends and $1.0 million of unrealized losses for the year ended December 31, 2019, and $9.2 million of dividends and $17.1 million of unrealized losses for the year ended December 31, 2018.
(2) Discontinued operations related to Care for the year ended December 31, 2018 includes $56.9 million pre-tax gain on sale of Care.

Results from Continuing Operations

Tiptree Capital earns revenues from the following: net interest income; mortgage gains and origination fees; asset management fees from CLOs under management (prior to the sale of our Telos asset management business which occurred on April 26, 2019); distributions and realized and unrealized gains on the Company’s investment holdings (primarily Invesque); and charter revenue from vessels within our maritime transportation operations.

Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019 were $132.3 million, an increase of $56.3 million, or 74.1%. Pre-tax income from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $21.0 million, compared to a loss of $7.8 million in the 2018 period. The primary driver of improvement in pre-tax income was the gain on sale of our Telos asset management business and lower unrealized losses on Invesque. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we received $10.1 million of dividends from Invesque and incurred $1.0 million of unrealized losses compared to $9.2 million of dividends and $17.1 million of unrealized losses in the 2018 period. Pre-tax income from our maritime transportation operations improved by $3.5 million primarily driven by a full year of operations, an overall increase in charter rates, and non-recurring start-up expenses impacting the 2018 period.

Results from Discontinued Operations

Discontinued operations includes the results from Care, previously reported in the Senior Living segment. In the year ended December 31, 2018, pre-tax income was $57.5 million, which included a $56.9 million gain on sale of Care.

Tiptree Capital - Invested Capital and Operating EBITDA - Non-GAAP(1) 
($ in millions)
Invested Capital(1)
 
Operating EBITDA(1)
 
As of December 31,
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Senior living (Invesque) (2)
$
94.1

 
$
105.3

 
$
10.1

 
$
9.9

Maritime transportation
74.3

 
48.7

 
4.6

 
(0.8
)
Specialty finance and other
30.7

 
28.0

 
8.1

 
4.6

Total
$
199.1

 
$
182.0

 
$
22.8

 
$
13.7

(1) For information relating to Invested Capital and Operating EBITDA, including a reconciliation to GAAP financials, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations.”
(2) Includes discontinued operations related to Care in 2018. For more information, see “Note (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.”

Invested Capital

Invested Capital increased from $182.0 million as of December 31, 2018 to $199.1 million as of December 31, 2019. On February

36


1, 2018, we completed the sale of Care to Invesque. We received consideration of 16.6 million shares of Invesque, of which 13.7 million shares are held as equity securities in Tiptree Capital, and 2.9 million shares are held in the insurance investment portfolio. In 2018, we invested approximately $50 million into three unlevered vessels which are reported in other investments. In the third and fourth quarter of 2019, we purchased two additional vessels for $38.8 million, which we levered with an $18.0 million asset based borrowing.

Operating EBITDA

Operating EBITDA increased $9.1 million, or 66.4%, to $22.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The key drivers of Operating EBITDA were the same factors which impacted pre-tax income. See “— Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation to GAAP net income.

Corporate
($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Employee compensation and benefits
$
6.6

 
$
7.0

Employee incentive compensation expense
9.0

 
7.5

Interest expense
6.3

 
5.0

Depreciation and amortization expense
0.7

 
0.2

Other expenses
10.3

 
10.9

Total expenses
$
32.9

 
$
30.6

Results

Corporate expenses include expenses of the holding company for interest, employee compensation and benefits, and public company and other expenses. Corporate employee compensation and benefits includes the expense of management, legal and accounting staff. Other expenses primarily consisted of audit and professional fees, insurance, office rent and other related expenses.

Employee compensation and benefits, including incentive compensation expense, increased $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, driven primarily by employee incentive compensation. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $6.3 million, an increase of $1.3 million, driven by a higher average outstanding balance during 2019. As of December 31, 2019, the outstanding borrowing was $68.2 million, compared to $72.1 million at December 31, 2018. Other expenses were $10.3 million for the 2019 period, down $0.6 million or 5.5%. The decrease was primarily driven by decreased professional fees offset by increased rent expense and expenses associated with the relocation of our corporate offices.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes - Total Operations

The total income tax expense of $9.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and total income tax expense of $7.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 are reflected as components of net income (loss). For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company’s effective tax rate was equal to 31.0%. The effective rate for the year ended December 31, 2019 is higher than the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21%, primarily from the impact of the non-recurring return-to-provision, as well as ongoing state and foreign taxes. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company’s effective tax rate was equal to 20.6%. The effective rate for the year ended December 31, 2018 is lower than the statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the dividends received deduction and other discrete items.

Provision for income taxes - Continuing Operations

The Company had a tax expense from continuing operations of $9.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to a tax benefit from continuing operations of $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The effective tax rate on income from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 was approximately 31.0% compared to 29.9% for the year ended December 31, 2018. Differences from the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2019 are due to the impact of the non-recurring return-to-provision, as well as ongoing state and foreign taxes, and for the year ended December 31, 2018 are due to the dividends received deduction and other discrete items.


37


Balance Sheet Information - as of December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018

Tiptree’s total assets were $2,198.3 million as of December 31, 2019, compared to $1,864.9 million as of December 31, 2018. The $333.4 million increase in assets is primarily attributable to the growth in the insurance company.

Total stockholders’ equity was $411.5 million as of December 31, 2019, compared to $399.3 million as of December 31, 2018, primarily driven by net income, which was partially offset by stock repurchases and dividends. As of December 31, 2019, there were 34,562,553 shares of Common Stock outstanding, as compared to 35,870,348 as of December 31, 2018.

The following table is a summary of certain balance sheet information:
 
As of December 31, 2019
($ in millions)
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree Capital
 
Corporate
 
Total
Total assets
$
1,721.7

 
$
451.2

 
$
25.4

 
$
2,198.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate debt
$
185.0

 
$

 
$
68.2

 
$
253.2

Asset based debt
21.6

 
108.7

 

 
130.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity
$
264.6

 
$
199.1

 
$
(65.6
)
 
$
398.1

Non-controlling interests - Other
12.1

 
1.3

 

 
13.4

Total stockholders’ equity
$
276.7

 
$
200.4

 
$
(65.6
)
 
$
411.5


NON-GAAP RECONCILIATIONS

Adjusted EBITDA and Operating EBITDA - Non-GAAP

The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as GAAP net income of the Company adjusted to add (i) corporate interest expense, consolidated income taxes and consolidated depreciation and amortization expense, (ii) adjust for the effect of purchase accounting, (iii) adjust for non-cash fair value adjustments, and (iv) any significant non-recurring expenses. Operating EBITDA represents Adjusted EBITDA plus stock based compensation expense and vessel depreciation expense, less realized and unrealized gains and losses and less third party non-controlling interests. Operating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not measurements of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute for GAAP net income.
($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,

2019
 
2018
Net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders
$
18.4

 
$
23.9

Add: net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests
1.7

 
6.0

Less: net income from discontinued operations

 
43.8

Income (loss) from continuing operations
$
20.1

 
$
(13.9
)
Corporate debt related interest expense(1)
19.7

 
18.2

Consolidated income tax expense (benefit)
9.0

 
(5.9
)
Depreciation and amortization expense(2)
13.1

 
11.6

Non-cash fair value adjustments(3)
(3.1
)
 
(0.4
)
Non-recurring expenses(4)
4.2

 
2.4

Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations
$
63.0

 
$
12.0

Add: Stock based compensation expense
6.4

 
6.7

Add: Vessel depreciation, net of capital expenditures
2.9

 
0.9

Less: Realized and unrealized gains (losses)(5)
8.6

 
(34.7
)
Less: Third party non-controlling interests(6)
0.1

 

Operating EBITDA from continuing operations
$
63.6

 
$
54.3


 
 
 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
$

 
$
43.8

Consolidated income tax expense (benefit)

 
13.7

Non-cash fair value adjustments (3)

 
(40.7
)
Adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations
$

 
$
16.8

Less: Realized and unrealized gains (losses) (5)

 
16.2

Operating EBITDA from discontinued operations
$

 
$
0.6

Total Adjusted EBITDA
$
63.0

 
$
28.8


38


($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,

2019
 
2018
Total Operating EBITDA
$
63.6

 
$
54.9

_______________________________
(1)
Corporate debt interest expense includes interest expense from secured corporate credit agreements, junior subordinated notes and preferred trust securities. Interest expense associated with asset-specific debt in Tiptree Insurance and Tiptree Capital is not added-back for Adjusted EBITDA and Operating EBITDA.
(2)
Represents total depreciation and amortization expense less purchase accounting amortization related adjustments at our insurance companies. Following the purchase accounting adjustments, current period expenses associated with deferred costs were more favorably stated and current period income associated with deferred revenues were less favorably stated. Thus, the purchase accounting effect related to our insurance companies increased EBITDA above what the historical basis of accounting would have generated.
(3)
For our insurance operations, depreciation and amortization on senior living real estate that is within net investment income is added back to Adjusted EBITDA. For Care (Discontinued Operations), the reduction in EBITDA is related to accumulated depreciation and amortization, and certain operating expenses, which were previously included in Adjusted EBITDA in prior periods.
(4)
Acquisition, start-up and disposition costs, including debt extinguishment, legal, taxes, banker fees and other costs. In 2018, includes payments pursuant to a separation agreement, dated November 10, 2015.
(5)
Adjustment excludes Mortgage realized and unrealized gains and losses - Performing and NPLs, as those are recurring in nature and align with those business models.
(6)
Removes the Operating EBITDA associated with third party non-controlling interests. Does not remove the non-controlling interests related to employee based shares.

Adjusted EBITDA and Operating EBITDA - Non-GAAP

The tables below present Adjusted EBITDA and Operating EBITDA by business component.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Year Ended December 31, 2019
($ in millions)
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree Capital
 
Corporate Expenses
 
Total
Pre-tax income/(loss) from continuing operations
$
41.0

 
$
21.0

 
$
(32.9
)
 
$
29.1

Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate debt related interest expense(2)
13.4

 

 
6.3

 
19.7

Depreciation and amortization expense(3)
8.6

 
3.8

 
0.7

 
13.1

Non-cash fair value adjustments(4)

 
(3.1
)
 

 
(3.1
)
Non-recurring expenses(5)
3.7

 
0.2

 
0.3

 
4.2

Adjusted EBITDA
$
66.7

 
$
21.9

 
$
(25.6
)
 
$
63.0

Add: Stock based compensation expense
3.1

 
0.2

 
3.1

 
6.4

Add: Vessel depreciation, net of capital expenditures

 
2.9

 

 
2.9

Less: Realized and unrealized gains (losses)(6)
6.5

 
2.1

 

 
8.6

Less: Third party non-controlling interests(7)

 
0.1

 

 
0.1

Operating EBITDA
$
63.3

 
$
22.8

 
$
(22.5
)
 
$
63.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Year Ended December 31, 2018
($ in millions)
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree Capital
 
Corporate Expenses
 
Total
Pre-tax income/(loss) from continuing operations
$
18.6

 
$
(7.8
)
 
$
(30.6
)
 
$
(19.8
)
Pre-tax income/(loss) from discontinued operations(1)

 
57.5

 

 
57.5

Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate debt related interest expense(2)
13.2

 

 
5.0

 
18.2

Depreciation and amortization expense(3)
9.8

 
1.6

 
0.2

 
11.6

Non-cash fair value adjustments(4)

 
(41.1
)
 

 
(41.1
)
Non-recurring expenses(5)
3.1

 

 
(0.7
)
 
2.4

Adjusted EBITDA
$
44.7

 
$
10.2

 
$
(26.1
)
 
$
28.8

Add: Stock based compensation expense
3.8

 
0.1

 
2.8

 
6.7

Add: Vessel depreciation, net of capital expenditures

 
0.9

 

 
0.9

Less: Realized and unrealized gains (losses)(6)
(16.0
)
 
(2.5
)
 

 
(18.5
)
Less: Third party non-controlling interests(7)

 

 

 

Operating EBITDA
$
64.5

 
$
13.7

 
$
(23.3
)
 
$
54.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
_______________________________
The footnotes below correspond to the tables above, under “—Adjusted EBITDA and Operating EBITDA - Non-GAAP”

39


(1)
Includes discontinued operations related to Care. For more information, see Note (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
(2)
Corporate debt interest expense includes interest expense from secured corporate credit agreements, junior subordinated notes and preferred trust securities. Interest expense associated with asset-specific debt in Tiptree Insurance and Tiptree Capital is not added-back for Adjusted EBITDA and Operating EBITDA.
(3)
Represents total depreciation and amortization expense less purchase accounting amortization related adjustments at our insurance companies. Following the purchase accounting adjustments, current period expenses associated with deferred costs were more favorably stated and current period income associated with deferred revenues were less favorably stated. Thus, the purchase accounting effect related to our insurance companies increased EBITDA above what the historical basis of accounting would have generated.
(4)
For our insurance operations, depreciation and amortization on senior living real estate that is within net investment income is added back to Adjusted EBITDA. For Care (Discontinued Operations), the reduction in EBITDA is related to accumulated depreciation and amortization, and certain operating expenses, which were previously included in Adjusted EBITDA in prior periods.
(5)
Acquisition, start-up and disposition costs, including debt extinguishment, legal, taxes, banker fees and other costs. In 2018, includes payments pursuant to a separation agreement, dated November 10, 2015.
(6)
Adjustment excludes Mortgage realized and unrealized gains and losses - Performing and NPLs, as those are recurring in nature and align with those business models.
(7)
Removes the Operating EBITDA associated with third party non-controlling interests. Does not remove the non-controlling interests related to employee based shares.

Book Value per share - Non-GAAP

Management believes the use of this financial measure provides supplemental information useful to investors as book value is frequently used by the financial community to analyze company growth on a relative per share basis. The following table provides a reconciliation between total stockholders’ equity and total shares outstanding, net of treasury shares.
 ($ in millions, except per share information)
As of December 31,

2019
 
2018
Total stockholders’ equity
$
411.5

 
$
399.3

Less non-controlling interests - other
13.4

 
12.2

Total stockholders’ equity, net of non-controlling interests - other
$
398.1

 
$
387.1

 
 
 
 
Total Common Shares outstanding
34.6

 
35.9

 
 
 
 
Book value per share
$
11.52

 
$
10.79


Invested & Total Capital - Non-GAAP

Invested Capital represents its total cash investment, including any re-investment of earnings, and acquisition costs, net of tax. Total Capital represents Invested Capital plus corporate debt.
($ in millions)
As of December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Total stockholders’ equity
$
411.5

 
$
399.3

Less non-controlling interest - other
13.4

 
12.2

Total stockholders’ equity, net of non-controlling interests - other
$
398.1

 
$
387.1

Plus Tiptree Insurance accumulated depreciation and amortization, net of tax
49.3

 
43.2

Plus acquisition costs
4.2

 
4.2

Invested Capital
$
451.6

 
$
434.5

Plus corporate debt
253.2

 
232.1

Total Capital
$
704.8

 
$
666.6


Tiptree Insurance - Underwriting Margin - Non-GAAP

Underwriting margin is a measure of the underwriting profitability of our insurance operations. It represents net earned premiums, service and administrative fees, ceding commissions and other income less policy and contract benefits and commission expense. We use the combined ratio as an insurance operating metric to evaluate our underwriting performance, both overall and relative to peers. Expressed as a percentage, it represents the relationship of policy and contract benefits, commission expense (net of ceding commissions), employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses to net earned premiums, service and administrative fees, and other income.


40


The following table provides a reconciliation between underwriting margin and pre-tax income for the following periods:
($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,
Revenues:
2019
 
2018
Net earned premiums
$
499.1

 
$
427.8

Service and administrative fees
106.2

 
102.3

Ceding commissions
9.6

 
9.7

Other income
4.6

 
2.6

Underwriting revenues - Non-GAAP
$
619.5

 
$
542.4

Less underwriting expenses:
 
 
 
Policy and contract benefits
170.7

 
152.1

Commission expense
303.1

 
262.5

Underwriting margin - Non-GAAP
$
145.7

 
$
127.8

Less operating expenses:
 
 
 
Employee compensation and benefits
50.0

 
45.8

Other expenses (excluding debt extinguishment expenses)
50.5

 
41.5

Combined Ratio
92.6
%
 
92.5
%
Plus investment revenues:
 
 
 
Net investment income
14.0

 
19.2

Net realized and unrealized gains
6.9

 
(11.7
)
Less other expenses:
 
 
 
Interest expense
14.8

 
18.2

Debt extinguishment expenses
1.2

 
0.4

Depreciation and amortization expense
9.1

 
10.8

Pre-tax income (loss)
$
41.0

 
$
18.6


Tiptree Insurance Investment Portfolio - Non-GAAP

The following table provides a reconciliation between total investments and net investments for the following periods:
($ in millions)
As of December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Total Investments
$
450.7

 
$
490.0

Investment portfolio debt (1)
(25.0
)
 
(80.0
)
Cash and cash equivalents
115.3

 
50.6

Restricted cash (2)

 
2.9

Receivable due from brokers (3)

 
0.3

Liability due to brokers (3)
(1.1
)
 
(0.5
)
Net investments - Non-GAAP
$
539.9

 
$
463.3

(1) Consists of asset based financing on loans, including certain credit investments, and working capital facilities. See Note (10) Debt, net in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further details.
(2) Restricted cash available to invest within certain credit investment funds which are consolidated under GAAP.
(3) Receivable due from and Liability due to brokers for unsettled trades within certain credit investment funds which are consolidated under GAAP.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our principal sources of liquidity are unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and other liquid investments and distributions from operating subsidiaries, including income from our investment portfolio and sales of assets and investments. We intend to use our cash resources to continue to fund our operations and grow our businesses. We may seek additional sources of cash to fund acquisitions or investments. These additional sources of cash may take the form of debt or equity and may be at the parent, subsidiary or asset level. We are a holding company and our liquidity needs are primarily for interest payments on the Fortress credit facility, compensation, professional fees, office rent and insurance costs.

Our subsidiaries’ ability to generate sufficient net income and cash flows to make cash distributions will be subject to numerous business and other factors, including restrictions contained in our subsidiaries’ financing agreements, regulatory restrictions, availability of sufficient funds at such subsidiaries, general economic and business conditions, tax considerations, strategic plans, financial results and other factors such as target capital ratios and ratio levels anticipated by rating agencies to maintain or improve current ratings. We expect our cash and cash equivalents and distributions from operating subsidiaries and our subsidiaries’ access to financing to be adequate to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months.


41


As of December 31, 2019, cash and cash equivalents, excluding restricted cash, were $133.1 million, compared to $86.0 million at December 31, 2018, an increase of $47.1 million.

Our mortgage business relies on short term uncommitted sources of financing as a part of their normal course of operations.  To date, we have been able to obtain and renew uncommitted warehouse credit facilities. If we were not able to obtain financing, then we may need to draw on other sources of liquidity to fund our mortgage business. See Note (10) Debt, net in the notes to consolidated financial statements, for additional information regarding our mortgage warehouse borrowings.

For purposes of determining enterprise value and Adjusted EBITDA, we consider corporate credit agreements and preferred trust securities, which we refer to as corporate debt, as corporate financing and associated interest expense is added back. The below table outlines this amount by debt outstanding and interest expense at the insurance company and corporate level.

Corporate Debt
($ in millions)
 
Corporate Debt Outstanding as of December 31,
 
Interest Expense for the
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Tiptree insurance
 
$
185.0

 
$
160.0

 
$
13.4

 
$
13.1

Corporate
 
68.2

 
72.1

 
6.3

 
5.0

Total
 
$
253.2

 
$
232.1

 
$
19.7

 
$
18.1


On February 21, 2020, we refinanced our existing credit facility with Fortress. See (24) Subsequent Events - New Fortress Credit Facility for details. As of February 21, 2020, our new $125 million credit facility with Fortress carries a rate of LIBOR (with a minimum LIBOR rate of 1.00%), plus a margin of 6.75% per annum. We are required to make quarterly principal payments of approximately $1.56 million.

On October 16, 2017, Fortegra completed an offering of $125 million Junior Subordinated Notes due 2057. The Junior Subordinated Notes contain customary financial covenants that require, among other items, maximum leverage and limitations on restricted payments under certain circumstances.  As a result, in certain adverse circumstances, such limitations could restrict our ability to grow, or limit the dividends to the holding company to pay our obligations. Substantially all of the net proceeds from the Junior Subordinated Notes were used to repay existing indebtedness. We believe these funds repositioned Fortegra’s balance sheet, strengthened the Company’s positioning with industry rating agencies, and generated a source of long term capital. See Note (10) Debt, net for additional information of our debt and that of our subsidiaries.

Consolidated Comparison of Cash Flows
($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,
Total cash provided by (used in):
2019
 
2018
Net cash (used in) provided by:
 
 
 
Operating activities
$
23.7

 
$
57.7

Investing activities
(8.3
)
 
(109.1
)
Financing activities
36.9

 
(2.0
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
52.3

 
$
(53.4
)
Cash provided by operating activities was $23.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $57.7 million of cash provided by operating activities in the prior year period. In 2019, the primary sources of cash from operating activities included consolidated net income (excluding unrealized gains and losses), increases in unearned premiums, reinsurance payables, and deferred revenues, offset by increases in notes and accounts receivable and reinsurance receivables related to growth in our insurance operations. In the 2018 period, the primary sources of cash from operating activities included consolidated net income (excluding unrealized gains and losses), increases in unearned premiums, reinsurance payables, deferred revenues and policy liabilities in our insurance segment and mortgage sales outpacing originations in our mortgage loan origination business, offset by increases in reinsurance receivables, deferred acquisition costs and notes and account receivable in our insurance segment.

Cash used in investing activities was $8.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $109.1 million of cash used in investing activities for the prior year period. The primary use of cash from investing activities was the issuance of notes receivables outpacing proceeds from the same. This was offset by proceeds associated with a contingent earn-out from our sale of Care, proceeds from the sale of our Telos business, and sales and maturities of investments in excess of purchases in our insurance investment portfolio. In the 2018 period, the primary uses of cash were purchases of investments exceeding proceeds from sales and maturities of investments in our insurance investment portfolio, and investments in vessels within Tiptree Capital,

42


offset by proceeds from the sale of Care and proceeds from the prepayment of a seller note in connection with the sale of our commercial lending business.

Cash provided by financing activities was $36.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to cash used in financing activities of $2.0 million in the prior year period. In 2019, our new borrowings from various debt arrangements exceeded our principal paydowns primarily due to increased borrowings on our mortgage warehouse facilities due to increased volume in our mortgage business, increased borrowing on our secured corporate credit agreement in our insurance business to support growth, and a vessel backed term loan, offset by the repayment of asset based borrowings in our credit loan fund, held within our insurance investment portfolio. Net cash provided by increased borrowings under our debt facilities was offset by the repurchase of $9.1 million of the Company’s Common Stock and the payment of $5.5 million in dividends. In the 2018 period, the uses of cash from financing activities were share repurchases of $14.1 million and dividends paid of $4.8 million, offset by net new borrowings under our debt facilities, including borrowings from our secured corporate credit agreement and net new borrowings on residential mortgage warehouse borrowings, partially offset by principal paydowns on asset based revolving financing in our insurance portfolio.

Contractual Obligations

The table below summarizes consolidated contractual obligations by period for payments that are due as of December 31, 2019:
($ in millions)
Less than 1 year
 
1-3 years
 
3-5 years
 
More than 5 years
 
Total 
Corporate debt
$
93.2

 
$

 
$

 
$
160.0

 
$
253.2

Asset based debt
90.7

 
21.6

 
18.0

 

 
130.3

Total debt (1)
$
183.9

 
$
21.6

 
$
18.0

 
$
160.0

 
$
383.5

Operating lease obligations (2)
7.2

 
12.5

 
9.6

 
11.7

 
41.0

Total
$
191.1

 
$
34.1

 
$
27.6

 
$
171.7

 
$
424.5

(1)
See Note (10) Debt, net, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(2)
Minimum rental obligation for office leases. The total rent expense for the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $8.6 million, $7.5 million and $6.8 million, respectively.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. As disclosed in Note (2), the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

The Company believes that the following discussion addresses the Company’s most critical accounting policies, which are those that are most important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s most difficult, subjective and complex judgments. Further information can be found in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements related to the following: valuation of assets where quoted market prices are not available can be found under “Fair Value Measurement” in Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies; policies related to goodwill and intangible assets can be found in Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, “Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net”; and additional information on income taxes can be found under Note (19) Income Taxes.

Fair Value Option

In addition to the financial instruments the Company is required to measure at fair value, the Company has elected to make an irrevocable election to utilize fair value as the initial and subsequent measurement attribute for certain eligible financial assets and liabilities. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) within the consolidated statements of operations. The decision to elect the fair value option is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis and must be applied to an entire instrument and is irrevocable once elected.

Impairment

Vessels, net

Vessels are reviewed for potential impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a particular vessel may not be fully recoverable. Potential impairment indicators are primarily based upon a comparison of the

43


market value of a vessel to its carrying value. Market values are based upon quoted prices from industry-recognized sources. The Company evaluates market quotes of vessels for reasonableness by comparison to available market transactions or internal valuation models. An impairment charge would be recognized if the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to result from the operation and subsequent disposal of the vessel are less than the vessel’s carrying amount.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net

Goodwill (and indefinite-lived intangible assets) are subject to tests for impairment annually or if events or circumstances indicate it is more likely than not they may be impaired. Other intangible assets are subject to impairment if events or circumstances indicate a possible inability to realize the carrying amount. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are evaluated for impairment at least annually by comparing their fair values, estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, to their carrying values. Other amortizing intangible assets are evaluated for impairment if events and circumstances indicate a possible impairment. Such evaluation of other intangible assets is initially based on undiscounted cash flow projections.

Other-Than-Temporary-Impairments

The Company regularly reviews AFS securities, held-to-maturity and cost investments with unrealized losses in order to evaluate whether the impairment is other-than-temporary. Under the guidance for debt securities, other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) is recognized in earnings in the consolidated statements of operations for debt securities that the Company has an intent to sell or that it believes it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis. For those securities that the Company does not intend to sell nor expect to be required to sell, credit-related impairment is recognized in earnings, with the non-credit-related impairment recorded in AOCI. An unrealized loss exists when the current fair value of an individual security is less than its amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses for AFS securities that are determined to be temporary in nature are recorded, net of tax, in AOCI.

Management’s estimate of OTTI includes, among other things: (i) the duration of time and the relative magnitude to which fair value of the security has been below amortized cost; (ii) the financial condition and near‑term prospects of the issuer of the investment; (iii) extraordinary events, including negative news releases and rating agency downgrades, with respect to the issuer of the investment; (iv) whether it is more likely than not that the Company will sell a security before recovery of its amortized cost basis; (v) whether a debt security exhibits cash flow deterioration; and (vi) whether the security’s decline is attributable to specific conditions, such as conditions in an industry or in a geographic location.

Reserves

Insurance Reserves

Unpaid claims are reserve estimates that are established in accordance with U.S. GAAP using generally accepted actuarial methods. Credit life and AD&D unpaid claims reserves include claims in the course of settlement and incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims. Credit disability unpaid claims reserves also include continuing claim reserves for open disability claims. For all other Fortegra product lines, unpaid claims reserves are bulk reserves and are entirely IBNR. The Company uses a number of algorithms in establishing its unpaid claims reserves. These algorithms are used to calculate unpaid claims as a function of paid losses, earned premium, target loss ratios, in-force amounts, unearned premium reserves, industry recognized morbidity tables or a combination of these factors.

In arriving at the unpaid claims reserves, the Company conducts an actuarial analysis on a basis gross of reinsurance. The same estimates used as a basis in calculating the gross unpaid claims reserves are then used as the basis for calculating the net unpaid claims reserves, which take into account the impact of reinsurance. Anticipated future loss development patterns form a key assumption underlying these analyses. Our claims are generally reported and settled quickly, resulting in consistent historical loss development patterns. From the anticipated loss development patterns, a variety of actuarial loss projection techniques are employed, such as the chain ladder method, the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method and expected loss ratio method.

The unpaid claims reserves represent the Company's best estimates, generally involving actuarial projections at a given time. Actual claim costs are dependent upon a number of complex factors such as changes in doctrines of legal liabilities and damage awards. These factors are not directly quantifiable, particularly on a prospective basis. The Company periodically reviews and updates its methods of making such unpaid claims reserve estimates and establishing the related liabilities based on our actual experience. The Company has not made any changes to its methodologies for determining unpaid claims reserves in the periods presented.


44


Deferred Acquisition Costs

The Company defers certain costs of acquiring new and renewal insurance policies and other products within the Company’s insurance segment.

Insurance Policy Related

Insurance policy related deferred acquisition costs are limited to direct costs that resulted from successful contract transactions and would not have been incurred by the Company's insurance company subsidiaries had the transactions not occurred. These capitalized costs are amortized as the related premium is earned.

The Company evaluates whether insurance related deferred acquisition costs are recoverable at year-end, and considers investment income in the recoverability analysis. As a result of the Company's evaluations, no write-offs for unrecoverable insurance related deferred acquisition costs were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Non-insurance Policy Related

Other deferred acquisition costs are limited to prepaid direct costs, typically commissions and contract transaction fees, that resulted from successful contract transactions and would not have been incurred by the Company had the transactions not occurred. These capitalized costs are amortized as the related service and administrative fees are earned.

The Company evaluates whether deferred acquisition costs - non-insurance policy related are recoverable at year-end. As a result of the Company's evaluations, no write-offs for unrecoverable deferred acquisition costs were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

The Company earns revenues from a variety of sources:

Earned Premiums, net

Net earned premium is from direct and assumed earned premium consisting of revenue generated from the direct sale of insurance policies by the Company's distributors and premiums written for insurance policies by another carrier and assumed by the Company. Whether direct or assumed, the premium is earned over the life of the respective policy using methods appropriate to the pattern of losses for the type of business. Methods used include the Rule of 78's, pro rata, and other actuarial methods. Management selects the appropriate method based on available information, and periodically reviews the selections as additional information becomes available. Direct and assumed premiums are offset by premiums ceded to the Company's reinsurers, including PORCs, earned in the same manner. The amount ceded is proportional to the amount of risk assumed by the reinsurer.

Service and Administrative Fees

The Company earns service and administrative fees from a variety of activities. Such fees are typically positively correlated with transaction volume and are recognized as revenue as they become both realized and earned.
 
 Service Fees. Service fee revenue is recognized as the services are performed. These services include fulfillment, software development, and claims handling for our customers. Collateral tracking fee income is recognized when the service is performed and billed. Management reviews the financial results under each significant contract on a monthly basis. Any losses that may occur due to a specific contract would be recognized in the period in which the loss is determined probable. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, the Company did not incur a loss with respect to a specific significant service fee contract.

Administrative Fees. Administrative fee revenue includes the administration of premium associated with our producers and their PORCs. In addition, we also earn fee revenue from debt cancellation programs, motor club programs, and warranty programs. Related administrative fee revenue is recognized consistent with the earnings recognition pattern of the underlying insurance policies, debt cancellation contracts and motor club memberships being administered, using Rule of 78's, modified Rule of 78's, pro rata, or other methods as appropriate for the contract. Management selects the appropriate method based on available information, and periodically reviews the selections as additional information becomes available.


45


Ceding Commissions

Ceding commissions earned under reinsurance agreements are based on contractual formulas that take into account, in part, underwriting performance and investment returns experienced by the assuming companies. As experience changes, adjustments to the ceding commissions are reflected in the period incurred and are based on the claim experience of the related policy.  The adjustment is calculated by adding the earned premium and investment income from the assets held in trust for the Company's benefit less earned commissions, incurred claims and the reinsurer's fee for the coverage.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company measures compensation cost for equity-based awards at fair value and recognizes compensation over the service period for awards expected to vest. The fair value of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards are based on the number of shares granted and the quoted price of our Common Stock at the time of grant. In addition, the estimation of equity-based awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period that the estimates are revised. The Company considers many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including types of awards, employee class, and historical experience. Actual results, and future changes in estimates, may differ substantially from our current estimates.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in the tax rates is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date. Additionally, taxing jurisdictions could retroactively disagree with our tax treatment of certain items, and some historical transactions have income tax effects going forward. Accounting guidance requires these future effects to be evaluated using current laws, rules and regulations, each of which can change at any time and in an unpredictable manner.

The Company establishes valuation allowances for deferred tax assets when, in its judgment, it concludes that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. These judgments are based on projections of future income, including tax-planning strategies, by individual tax jurisdictions. Changes in economic conditions and the competitive environment may impact the accuracy of the Company’s projections. On a quarterly basis, the Company assesses the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be realized and determines if adjustments to the Company’s valuation allowance is appropriate.

Significant Accounting Policies Related to Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

Revenue Recognition

Rental Revenue (Care)

Rental revenue from residents in managed properties are recognized monthly as services are provided, as lease periods for residents are short-term in nature. The Company recognizes rental revenue from triple net lease properties on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable term of the lease unless another systematic and rational basis is more representative of the time pattern in which the use benefit is derived from the leased property. Renewal options in leases with rental terms that are higher than those in the primary term are excluded from the calculation of straight-line rent if the renewals are not reasonably assured. The Company commences rental revenue recognition when the tenant takes control of the leased space. The Company recognizes lease termination payments as a component of rental revenue in the period received, provided that there are no further obligations under the lease.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

For a discussion of recently issued accounting standards see Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.


46


OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

In the normal course of business, we enter into various off-balance sheet arrangements including entering into derivative financial instruments and hedging transactions, operating leases and sponsoring and owning interests in consolidated and non-consolidated variable interest entities.

Further disclosure on our off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2019 is presented in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing as follows:

Note (9) Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging
Note (20) Commitments and Contingencies

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to interest rate risk related to borrowings in various businesses. These risks result primarily from changes in LIBOR rates and the spread over LIBOR rates related to the credit risks of our businesses.

For fixed rate debt, interest rate fluctuations generally affect the fair value of our liabilities, but do not impact our earnings. Therefore, interest rate risk does not have a significant impact on our fixed rate debt obligations until such obligations mature or until we elect to prepay and refinance such obligations. If interest rates have risen at the time our fixed rate debt matures or is refinanced, our future earnings could be adversely affected by additional borrowing costs. Conversely, lower interest rates at the time of maturity or refinancing may lower our overall interest expense. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had $125 million of general purpose fixed rate debt outstanding maturing in 2057.

For general purpose floating rate debt, interest rate fluctuations primarily affect interest expense and cash flows. If market interest rates rise, our earnings could be adversely affected by an increase in interest expense. In contrast, lower interest rates may reduce our interest expense and improve our earnings, except to the extent that our borrowings are subject to interest rate floors. The floating interest rate risk of asset based financing is generally offset as the financing and the purchased financial asset are generally subject to the same interest rate risk. For floating rate risk of other asset based financing such as borrowings to finance acquisitions of real estate, we generally hedge our exposure to the variability of the benchmark index with an interest rate swap.

As of December 31, 2019, we had $68.2 million of general purpose floating rate debt with a weighted average rate of 7.2%. A 100 basis point change in interest rates would increase interest expense by $0.5 million and decrease interest rate expense by $0.2 million (including the effect of applicable floors) on an annualized basis. As of December 31, 2018, we had $72.1 million of general purpose floating rate debt with a weighted average rate of 7.9%. A 100 basis point change in interest rates would increase interest expense by $0.7 million and decrease interest rate expense by $0.7 million (including the effect of applicable floors) on an annualized basis.

We also invest in bonds, loans or other interest bearing instruments. The fair values of such investments fluctuate in response to changes in market interest rates. Increases and decreases in interest rates generally translate into decreases and increases in fair values of these instruments. Some of these investments bear a floating rate of interest which subjects the Company to cash flow risk based upon changes in the underlying interest rate index. As noted above in the discussion of risks related to floating rate borrowings, the Company mitigates a significant amount of our floating rate risk by matching the funding of such investments with borrowings based upon the same interest rate index. Additionally, fair values of interest rate sensitive instruments may be affected by the creditworthiness of the issuer, prepayment options, relative values of alternative investments, the liquidity of the instrument and other general market conditions.

As of December 31, 2019, we had $360 million invested in interest bearing instruments, which represents 49% of the total investments portfolio. The estimated effects of a hypothetical increase in interest rates of 100 bps would result in a decrease to the fair value of the portfolio by $7.9 million. As of December 31, 2018, we had $420 million invested in interest bearing instruments, which represents 60% of the total investments portfolio. The estimated effects of a hypothetical increase in interest rates of 100 bps would result in a decrease to the fair value of the portfolio by $7.1 million.


47


Credit Risk
In 2019, we reduced exposure to levered credit through the sale of corporate loans, and exited almost all of our investments in non-performing loans. We are exposed to credit risk related to the following loan investments held within the insurance business:
($ in millions)
 
As of December 31,
Investments in Loans
 
2019
 
2018
Corporate loans
 
$
9.8

 
$
130.9

Non-performing loans
 
0.4

 
27.6

Total
 
$
10.2

 
$
158.5

Our insurance business also has exposure to credit risk in the form of fixed income securities which are primarily invested in high-grade government, municipal and corporate debt securities. We are exposed to credit risk related to the following debt investments held within the insurance business:
($ in millions)
 
As of December 31,
Investments in debt securities (1)
 
2019
 
2018
Corporate securities
 
$
51.2

 
$
95.7

Asset backed securities
 
44.0

 
40.7

Obligations of foreign governments
 
1.1

 
6.8

Other investments
 
40.3

 
8.5

Total
 
$
136.6

 
$
151.7


(1) The Company also holds interests in U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies, and state and political subdivisions of $237.9 million and $139.2 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Credit risk related to other credit related investments within the portfolio is the exposure to the adverse changes in the creditworthiness of individual investment holdings, issuers, groups of issuers, industries, and countries. A widening of credit spreads by 100 bps for debt securities (excluding other investments) would result in a decrease of $5.3 million to the fair value of the portfolio as of December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, 69% and 93%, respectively, of the debt securities had investment grade ratings.
In addition, our mortgage business also underwrites mortgage loans for the purpose of selling them into the secondary market. Due to the relatively short holding period, the credit risk associated with mortgage loans held for sale is not expected to be significant.
See Note (5) Investments to the consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our investments in loans by type.

Market Risk
We are primarily exposed to market risk related to the following investments:
($ in millions)
As of December 31, 2019
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree Capital
 
Total
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree Capital
 
Total
Invesque
$
19.4

 
$
92.6

 
$
112.0

 
$
19.6

 
$
93.6

 
$
113.2

Fixed income exchange traded fund
25.0

 

 
25.0

 

 

 

Other equity securities
18.4

 

 
18.4

 
9.8

 

 
9.8

Total equity securities
$
62.8

 
$
92.6

 
$
155.4

 
$
29.4

 
$
93.6

 
$
123.0


A 10% increase or decrease in the fair value of such investments would result in $15.5 million and $12.3 million of unrealized gains and losses as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we owned 16.6 million shares of common stock, or approximately 31%, of Invesque, a real estate investment company that specializes in health care real estate and senior living property investment throughout North America. The value of our Invesque shares is reported at fair market value on a quarterly basis and fluctuates. Invesque has historically paid monthly dividends but there can be no assurance that Invesque will continue to pay dividends in the same frequency or amount. A loss in the fair market value of our Invesque shares or a reduction or discontinuation in the dividends

48


paid on our Invesque shares could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The Company’s investment in Invesque was subject to certain contractual and functional sale restrictions. As of December 31, 2018, the fair value of the Invesque shares was based on the market price adjusted for the impact of these restrictions. As of December 31, 2019, these restrictions are no longer applicable.
See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to our Business - Our investment in Invesque shares is subject to market volatility and the risk that Invesque changes its dividend policy”.
Counterparty Risk
We are subject to counterparty risk to the extent that we engage in derivative activities for hedging or other purposes. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the total fair value of derivative assets subject to counterparty risk, including the effect of any legal right of offset, totaled $7.5 million and $3.5 million, respectively. We generally manage our counterparty risk to derivative counterparties by entering into contracts with counterparties of high credit quality.
Reinsurance receivables were $539.8 million and $420.4 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Of those amounts, $334 million and $270 million relates to contracts where we hold collateral or receive letters of credit in excess of the receivables balance. The remainder is held with high quality reinsurers, substantially all of which have a rating of A or better by A.M. Best. As of December 31, 2019, 5 counterparties constituted more than 10% of the uncollateralized reinsurance receivable exposure, ranging from 10% to 20%, with ratings ranging from A- to A+.
We were also exposed to counterparty risk of approximately $105.4 million and $84.5 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to our retrospective commission arrangements; associated risks are offset by the Company’s contractual ability to withhold future commissions against the retrospective balances. In addition, we are exposed to counterparty risk of approximately $42.2 million and $13.1 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to our premium financing business. The risk associated with such arrangements is mitigated by the fact that we have the contractual ability to cancel the insurance policy and have premiums refunded to us by the insurer in the event of a counterparty default.


49




Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements




REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Tiptree Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Tiptree Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 11, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
New York, New York
March 11, 2020
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.






















REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Tiptree Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Tiptree Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, of the Company and our report dated March 11, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
New York, New York
March 11, 2020



TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share data)


 
As of December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Assets:
 
 
 
Investments:
 
 
 
Available for sale securities, at fair value
$
335,192

 
$
283,563

Loans, at fair value
108,894

 
215,383

Equity securities
155,378

 
122,979

Other investments
137,472

 
75,002

Total investments
736,936

 
696,927

Cash and cash equivalents
133,117

 
86,003

Restricted cash
11,473

 
10,521

Notes and accounts receivable, net
286,968

 
223,105

Reinsurance receivables
539,833

 
420,351

Deferred acquisition costs
166,493

 
170,063

Goodwill
99,147

 
91,562

Intangible assets, net
47,974

 
52,121

Other assets
68,510

 
46,034

Assets held for sale
107,835

 
68,231

Total assets
$
2,198,286

 
$
1,864,918


 
 
 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
Debt, net
$
374,454

 
$
354,083

Unearned premiums
754,993

 
599,444

Policy liabilities and unpaid claims
144,384

 
131,611

Deferred revenue
94,601

 
75,754

Reinsurance payable
143,869

 
117,597

Other liabilities and accrued expenses
172,140

 
124,190

Liabilities held for sale
102,430

 
62,980

Total liabilities
$
1,786,871

 
$
1,465,659


 
 
 
Stockholders’ Equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock: $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding
$

 
$

Common Stock: $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 34,562,553 and 35,870,348 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
35

 
36

Additional paid-in capital
326,140

 
331,892

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
1,698

 
(2,058
)
Retained earnings
70,189

 
57,231

Total Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity
398,062

 
387,101

Non-controlling interests - Other
13,353

 
12,158

Total stockholders’ equity
411,415

 
399,259

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,198,286

 
$
1,864,918













See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 4

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except share data)


 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
Earned premiums, net
$
499,108

 
$
427,837

 
$
371,700

Service and administrative fees
106,239

 
102,315

 
95,160

Ceding commissions
9,608

 
9,651

 
8,770

Net investment income
14,017

 
19,179

 
16,286

Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
83,868

 
28,782

 
47,607

Other revenue
59,888

 
38,062

 
42,275

Total revenues
772,728

 
625,826

 
581,798

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
Policy and contract benefits
170,681

 
152,095

 
123,959

Commission expense
303,057

 
262,460

 
241,835

Employee compensation and benefits
129,479

 
113,557

 
115,949

Interest expense
27,059

 
27,013

 
25,562

Depreciation and amortization
13,569

 
12,596

 
13,841

Other expenses
99,744

 
77,901

 
74,439

Total expenses
743,589

 
645,622

 
595,585

Other income:
 
 
 
 
 
Results of consolidated CLOs:

 

 

Income attributable to consolidated CLOs

 

 
24,903

Expenses attributable to consolidated CLOs

 

 
14,446

Net income (loss) attributable to consolidated CLOs

 

 
10,457

Total other income

 

 
10,457

Income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
29,139

 
(19,796
)
 
(3,330
)
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
9,017

 
(5,909
)
 
(12,562
)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
20,122

 
(13,887
)
 
9,232

Discontinued operations:
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before taxes from discontinued operations

 
624

 
(6,222
)
Gain on sale of discontinued operations

 
56,860

 

Less: Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 
13,714

 
(2,224
)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations

 
43,770

 
(3,998
)
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
20,122

 
29,883

 
5,234

Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - TFP

 
5,500

 
748

Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - Other
1,761

 
450

 
882

Net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders
$
18,361

 
$
23,933

 
$
3,604

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) per Common Share:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic, continuing operations, net
$
0.52

 
$
(0.38
)
 
$
0.22

Basic, discontinued operations, net

 
1.07

 
(0.10
)
Basic earnings per share
$
0.52

 
$
0.69

 
$
0.12

 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted, continuing operations, net
0.50

 
(0.38
)
 
0.21

Diluted, discontinued operations, net

 
1.07

 
(0.10
)
Diluted earnings per share
$
0.50

 
$
0.69

 
$
0.11

 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of Common Shares:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
34,578,292

 
34,715,852

 
29,134,190

Diluted
34,578,292

 
34,715,852

 
37,306,632

 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends declared per Common Share
$
0.16

 
$
0.14

 
$
0.12





See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 5

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(in thousands)



 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
$
20,122

 
$
29,883

 
$
5,234

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period
6,320

 
(2,919
)
 
806

Related tax (expense) benefit
(1,409
)
 
662

 
(284
)
Reclassification of (gains) losses included in net income
(1,312
)
 
819

 
(435
)
Related tax expense (benefit)
280

 
(171
)
 
153

Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities, net of tax
3,879

 
(1,609
)
 
240

 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges):
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps

 
1,111

 
282

Related tax (expense) benefit

 
(276
)
 
(92
)
Reclassification of (gains) losses included in net income (1)

 
(3,845
)
 
184

Related tax expense (benefit)

 
936

 
(59
)
Unrealized (losses) gains on interest rate swaps from cash flow hedges, net of tax

 
(2,074
)
 
315

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
3,879

 
(3,683
)
 
555

Comprehensive income (loss)
24,001

 
26,200

 
5,789

Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - TFP

 
5,278

 
842

Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - Other
1,785

 
13

 
932

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders
$
22,216

 
$
20,909

 
$
4,015


(1) 
Deconsolidated as part of the sale of Care. See Note (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.





























See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 6

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except shares)

 
Number of Shares
 
Par Value
 
Additional paid in capital
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
 
Retained
earnings
 
Shares held by subsidiaries
 
Total stockholders’ equity to Tiptree Inc.
 
Non-controlling
interests - TFP
 
Non-controlling
interests - Other
 
Total stockholders' equity
 
Common Stock
 
Class B
 
Common Stock
 
Class B
 
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
Common Stock Amount
 
Class B Shares
 
Class B Amount
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2016
34,983,616

 
8,049,029

 
$
35

 
$
8

 
$
297,391

 
$
555

 
$
37,974

 
(6,596,000
)
 
$
(42,524
)
 
(8,049,029
)
 
$
(8
)
 
$
293,431

 
$
76,077

 
$
20,636

 
$
390,144

Amortization of share-based incentive compensation

 

 

 

 
2,139

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
2,139

 

 
3,346

 
5,485

Vesting of share-based incentive compensation
19,388

 

 

 

 
(588
)
 

 

 
131,483

 
854

 

 

 
266

 

 

 
266

Shares issued to settle contingent consideration

 

 

 

 
(76
)
 

 

 
756,046

 
4,914

 

 

 
4,838

 

 

 
4,838

Issuance of common stock for cash upon exercise of stock options

 

 

 

 
(1,371
)
 

 

 
1,510,920

 
9,471

 

 

 
8,100

 

 

 
8,100

Shares acquired by subsidiaries

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(1,000,000
)
 
(7,300
)
 

 

 
(7,300
)
 

 

 
(7,300
)
Non-controlling interest contributions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
2,464

 
2,464

Non-controlling interest distributions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(966
)
 
(2,002
)
 
(2,968
)
Net changes in non-controlling interest

 

 

 

 
(1,913
)
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(1,913
)
 
1,541

 
(6,173
)
 
(6,545
)
Dividends declared

 

 

 

 

 

 
(3,499
)
 

 

 

 

 
(3,499
)
 

 

 
(3,499
)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax

 

 

 

 

 
411

 

 

 

 

 

 
411

 
94

 
50

 
555

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 
3,604

 

 

 

 

 
3,604

 
748

 
882

 
5,234

Balance at December 31, 2017
35,003,004

 
8,049,029

 
$
35

 
$
8

 
$
295,582

 
$
966

 
$
38,079

 
(5,197,551
)
 
$
(34,585
)
 
(8,049,029
)
 
$
(8
)
 
$
300,077

 
$
77,494

 
$
19,203

 
$
396,774

Amortization of share-based incentive compensation

 

 

 

 
2,465

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
2,465

 

 
3,889

 
6,354

Vesting of share-based incentive compensation
31,527

 

 

 

 
(907
)
 

 

 
161,574

 
1,050

 

 

 
143

 

 

 
143

Shares purchased under stock purchase plan
(2,177,235
)
 

 
(2
)
 

 
(14,109
)
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(14,111
)
 

 

 
(14,111
)
Reorganization merger (1)
8,049,029

 
(8,049,029
)
 
8

 
(8
)
 
82,523

 
(341
)
 

 

 

 
8,049,029

 
8

 
82,190

 
(82,190
)
 

 

Cancellation of treasury shares
(5,035,977
)
 

 
(5
)
 

 
(33,530
)
 

 

 
5,035,977

 
33,535

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-controlling interest contributions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
3,150

 
3,150

Non-controlling interest distributions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(241
)
 

 
(241
)
Net changes in non-controlling interest

 

 

 

 
(132
)
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(132
)
 

 
(14,097
)
 
(14,229
)
Dividends declared

 

 

 

 

 

 
(4,781
)
 

 

 

 

 
(4,781
)
 

 

 
(4,781
)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax

 

 

 

 

 
(2,683
)
 

 

 

 

 

 
(2,683
)
 
(563
)
 
(437
)
 
(3,683
)
Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 
23,933

 

 

 

 

 
23,933

 
5,500

 
450

 
29,883

Balance at December 31, 2018
35,870,348

 

 
$
36

 
$

 
$
331,892

 
$
(2,058
)
 
$
57,231

 

 
$

 

 
$

 
$
387,101

 
$

 
$
12,158

 
$
399,259


(1) 
Includes the exchange of 424,399 units of TFP for 1,187,468 shares of Common Stock.


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 7

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except shares)


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of shares
 
Par value
 
Additional paid in capital
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 
Retained earnings
 
Total stockholders’ equity to Tiptree Inc.
 
Non-controlling interests - Other
 
Total stockholders' equity
Balance at December 31, 2018
35,870,348

 
$
36

 
$
331,892

 
$
(2,058
)
 
$
57,231

 
$
387,101

 
$
12,158

 
$
399,259

Adoption of accounting standard(1)

 

 

 
(99
)
 
99

 

 

 

Amortization of share-based incentive compensation

 

 
3,145

 

 

 
3,145

 
2,917

 
6,062

Vesting of share-based incentive compensation (2)
164,935

 

 
187

 

 

 
187

 
(2,483
)
 
(2,296
)
Shares purchased under stock purchase plan
(1,472,730
)
 
(1
)
 
(9,084
)
 

 

 
(9,085
)
 

 
(9,085
)
Non-controlling interest contributions

 

 

 

 

 

 
61

 
61

Non-controlling interest distributions (2)

 

 

 

 

 

 
(3,585
)
 
(3,585
)
Net change in non-controlling interest

 

 

 

 

 

 
2,500

 
2,500

Dividends declared

 

 

 

 
(5,502
)
 
(5,502
)
 

 
(5,502
)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax

 

 

 
3,855

 

 
3,855

 
24

 
3,879

Net income

 

 

 

 
18,361

 
18,361

 
1,761

 
20,122

Balance at December 31, 2019
34,562,553

 
$
35

 
$
326,140

 
$
1,698

 
$
70,189

 
$
398,062

 
$
13,353

 
$
411,415


(1) 
Amounts reclassified due to adoption of ASU 2018-02. See Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
(2) 
Includes subsidiary RSU exchanges. See Note (18) Stock Based Compensation.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


























See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 8

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)


 
Year ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Operating Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders
$
18,361

 
$
23,933

 
$
3,604

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - TFP

 
5,500

 
748

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - Other
1,761

 
450

 
882

Net income (loss)
20,122

 
29,883

 
5,234

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
 
 
 
 
 
Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses
(83,868
)
 
(28,782
)
 
(47,607
)
Net (gain) on sale of businesses
(7,598
)
 
(56,860
)
 
(1,944
)
Realized (gain) on cash flow hedge

 

 
(877
)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration

 

 
3,192

Non-cash compensation expense
6,363

 
6,657

 
6,826

Amortization/accretion of premiums and discounts
1,161

 
1,029

 
1,316

Depreciation and amortization expense
13,569

 
12,596

 
29,992

Non-cash lease expense
7,568

 

 

Bad debt expense
140

 
243

 
1,019

Amortization of deferred financing costs
714

 
934

 
2,770

Loss on extinguishment of debt
1,241

 
428

 
1,163

Deferred tax expense (benefit)
6,815

 
4,011

 
(11,249
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans originated for sale
(2,048,228
)
 
(1,533,365
)
 
(1,592,726
)
Proceeds from the sale of mortgage loans originated for sale
2,043,097

 
1,590,546

 
1,658,646

(Increase) decrease in notes and accounts receivable
(33,085
)
 
(35,256
)
 
(48,085
)
(Increase) decrease in reinsurance receivables
(119,482
)
 
(67,384
)
 
(53,256
)
(Increase) decrease in deferred acquisition costs
3,570

 
(22,901
)
 
(20,554
)
(Increase) decrease in other assets
269

 
(12,400
)
 
(4,849
)
Increase (decrease) in unearned premiums
155,549

 
95,998

 
87,880

Increase (decrease) in policy liabilities and unpaid claims
12,773

 
19,608

 
5,729

Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue
16,397

 
19,009

 
4,082

Increase (decrease) in reinsurance payable
26,272

 
27,043

 
19,966

Increase (decrease) in other liabilities and accrued expenses
383

 
6,687

 
3,205

Operating activities from consolidated CLOs

 

 
(2,954
)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
23,742

 
57,724

 
46,919

Investing Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Purchases of investments
(389,206
)
 
(327,617
)
 
(221,096
)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments
394,331

 
190,942

 
296,855

(Increase) decrease in loans owned, at amortized cost, net

 

 
(37,166
)
Proceeds from the sale of real estate
11,857

 
17,705

 
14,035

Purchases of property, plant and equipment
(8,519
)
 
(3,749
)
 
(1,747
)
Proceeds from the sale of businesses
18,329

 
15,709

 
14,089

Proceeds from notes receivable
36,690

 
29,234

 
50,175

Issuance of notes receivable
(67,176
)
 
(31,331
)
 
(41,861
)
Business and asset acquisitions, net of cash and deposits
(4,633
)
 

 
(85,826
)
Investing activities from consolidated CLOs

 

 
225,317

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
(8,327
)
 
(109,107
)
 
212,775

Financing Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends paid
(5,502
)
 
(4,781
)
 
(3,499
)
Non-controlling interest contributions
61

 
3,150

 
2,464

Non-controlling interest distributions
(3,585
)
 
(241
)
 
(2,224
)
Payment of debt issuance costs
(586
)
 
(1,143
)
 
(9,588
)
Proceeds from borrowings and mortgage notes payable
2,237,329

 
1,632,469

 
1,857,571

Principal paydowns of borrowings and mortgage notes payable
(2,181,704
)
 
(1,617,346
)
 
(1,816,537
)
Proceeds from the exercise of options for Common Stock

 

 
8,100

Repurchases of Common Stock
(9,085
)
 
(14,111
)
 
(7,300
)
Financing activities from consolidated CLOs

 

 
(223,393
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
36,928

 
(2,003
)
 
(194,406
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
52,343

 
(53,386
)
 
65,288

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period
96,524

 
142,237

 
74,258

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period - held for sale
2,860

 
10,533

 
13,224

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period (1)
151,727

 
99,384

 
152,770

Less: Reclassification of cash to assets held for sale
7,137

 
2,860

 
10,533

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period
$
144,590

 
$
96,524

 
$
142,237


F- 9

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)


 
Year ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid during the period for interest expense
$
26,224

 
$
25,976

 
$
34,113

Cash (received) paid during the period for income taxes
$
3,301

 
$
(5,088
)
 
$
5,049

 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental Schedule of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for lease liability
$
33,558

 
$

 
$

Acquired real estate properties through, or in lieu of, foreclosure of the related loan
$
2,596

 
$
7,367

 
$
15,033

Acquisition of non-controlling interest
$
2,500

 
$
82,190

 
$

Equity securities acquired through the sale of a subsidiary and asset sales
$

 
$
135,675

 
$

Cancellation of treasury shares
$

 
$
33,535

 
$

Assets of consolidated CLOs deconsolidated due to sale and redemption
$

 
$

 
$
765,603

Liabilities of consolidated CLOs deconsolidated due to sale and redemption
$

 
$

 
$
729,597

Real estate acquired through asset acquisition
$

 
$

 
$
8,178

Seller provided financing related to the sale of subsidiary
$

 
$

 
$
11,000

Intangible assets related to in-place leases acquired through asset acquisition
$

 
$

 
$
2,049

Settlement of contingent consideration payable with Common Stock
$

 
$

 
$
4,838

Debt assumed through acquisitions
$

 
$

 
$
7,586

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31,
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Cash and cash equivalents
$
133,117

 
$
86,003

 
$
110,667

Restricted cash
11,473

 
10,521

 
31,570

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows
$
144,590

 
$
96,524

 
$
142,237

(1) 
Includes cash in assets held for sale

































See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 10

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)



(1) Organization

Tiptree Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, collectively, Tiptree, the Company, or we) is a Maryland Corporation that was incorporated on March 19, 2007. Tiptree’s Common Stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “TIPT”. Tiptree is a holding company that combines specialty insurance operations with investment management capabilities. We allocate our capital across our insurance operations and other investments. We classify our business into one reportable segment: Tiptree Insurance. We refer to our non-insurance operations, assets and other investments, which is comprised of our non-reportable segments and other business activities, as Tiptree Capital.

In this report, “Common Stock” means Class A common stock $0.001 par value for periods prior to June 7, 2018 and thereafter the common stock $0.001 par value.

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Tiptree have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP) and include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, the main operating currency of the Company.

Tiptree consolidates those entities in which it has an investment 50% or more of voting rights or has control over significant operating, financial and investing decisions of the entity as well as variable interest entities (VIEs) in which Tiptree is determined to be the primary beneficiary. VIEs are defined as entities in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.

A VIE is required to be consolidated only by its primary beneficiary, which is defined as the party who has the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and who has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Tiptree’s consolidated VIEs are entities which Tiptree is considered the primary beneficiary through its controlling financial interests.

Non-controlling interests on the consolidated balance sheets represent the ownership interests in certain consolidated subsidiaries held by entities or persons other than Tiptree. Accounts and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated.

As a result of changes in presentation, certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), the Company’s operating leases are now recognized on the consolidated balance sheets as of January 1, 2019. See Note (14) Other Assets and Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses for additional information.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management makes estimates and assumptions that include, but are not limited to, the determination of the following significant items:

Fair value of financial assets and liabilities, including, but not limited to, securities, loans and derivatives
Value of acquired assets and liabilities;
Carrying value of goodwill and other intangibles, including estimated amortization period and useful lives;
Vessel valuations, residual value of vessels and the useful lives of vessels;
Reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, estimated future claims and losses, potential litigation and other claims;
Deferred acquisition costs and value of business acquired (VOBA);
Valuation of contingent share issuances for compensation and purchase consideration, including estimates of number

F- 11

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


of shares and vesting schedules;
Revenue recognition including, but not limited to, the timing and amount of insurance premiums, service and administration fees, and loan origination fees; and
Other matters that affect the reported amounts and disclosure of contingencies in the consolidated financial statements

Although these and other estimates and assumptions are based on the best available estimates, actual results could differ materially from management’s estimates.

Business Combination Accounting

The Company accounts for business combinations by applying the acquisition method of accounting. The acquisition method requires, among other things, that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination be measured at fair value as of the closing date of the acquisition. The net assets acquired may consist of tangible and intangible assets and the excess of purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired, or goodwill. The determination of estimated useful lives and the allocation of the purchase price to the intangible assets requires significant judgment and affects the amount of future amortization and possible impairment charges. Contingent consideration, if any, is measured at fair value on the date of acquisition. The fair value of any contingent consideration liability is remeasured at each reporting date with any change recorded in other expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Acquisition and transaction costs are expensed as incurred.

In certain instances, the Company may acquire less than 100% ownership of an entity, resulting in the recording of a non-controlling interest. The measurement of assets and liabilities acquired and non-controlling interest is initially established at a preliminary estimate of fair value, which may be adjusted during the measurement period, primarily due to the results of valuation studies applicable to the business combination.

Acquisitions that do not meet the criteria for the acquisition method of accounting are accounted for as acquisitions of assets.

On July 1, 2019, a subsidiary in our insurance business acquired a majority interest in Ingenasys, Ltd., the parent holding company of Defend Insurance Group (Defend), for total net cash consideration of approximately $4.6 million. Defend is an automotive finance and insurance provider and insurance administrator operating in the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and the UK. Identifiable assets acquired were primarily made up of goodwill and intangible assets. See Note (8) Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net.

Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

The results of operations of a business that has either been disposed of or are classified as held for sale are reported in discontinued operations if the disposal of the business represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results. The Company carries assets and liabilities held for sale at the lower of carrying value on the date the asset is initially classified as held for sale or fair value less costs to sell. At the time of reclassification to held for sale, the Company ceases the recording of depreciation and amortization on assets transferred.

Accounting policies specific to our dispositions, assets held for sale and discontinued operations are described in more detail in (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.

Fair Value Measurement

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels, from highest to lowest, are defined as follows:

Level 1 – Unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through corroboration with observable market data. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability. The types of financial

F- 12

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


assets and liabilities carried at Level 2 are valued based on one or more of the following:

a) Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;
b) Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in nonactive markets;
c) Pricing models whose inputs are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability;
d) Pricing models whose inputs are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data through correlation or other means for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 – Significant inputs that are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, including the Company’s own data and assumptions that are used in pricing the asset or liability.

The availability of observable inputs can vary depending on the financial asset or liability and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of product, whether the product is new, whether the product is traded on an active exchange or in the secondary market, and the current market conditions. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Tiptree’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and the consideration of factors specific to the investment. From time to time, Tiptree’s assets and liabilities will transfer between one level to another level. It is Tiptree’s policy to recognize transfers between different levels at the end of each reporting period.

Tiptree utilizes both observable and unobservable inputs in its valuation methodologies. Observable inputs include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data. In addition, specific issuer information and other market data is used. For broker quotes, quotes are obtained from sources recognized to be market participants. Unobservable inputs may include expected cash flow streams, default rates, supply and demand considerations and market volatility.

Fair Value Option

In addition to the financial instruments the Company is required to measure at fair value, the Company has elected to make an irrevocable election to utilize fair value as the initial and subsequent measurement attribute for certain eligible financial assets and liabilities. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) within the consolidated statements of operations. The decision to elect the fair value option is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis and must be applied to an entire instrument and is irrevocable once elected.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging

From time to time, derivative instruments are used in the overall strategy to manage exposure to market risks primarily related to fluctuations in interest rates. As a matter of policy, derivatives are not used for speculative purposes. Derivative instruments are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are included in other investments or other liabilities and accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheets.

Derivative Instruments Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments

The Company uses cash flow hedges to reduce the exposure to variability of cash flows from floating rate borrowings. If a derivative instrument meets certain cash flow hedge accounting criteria, it is recorded on the consolidated balance sheet at its fair value, as either an asset or a liability, with offsetting changes in fair value recognized in AOCI. The effective portion of the changes in fair value of derivatives are reported in AOCI and amounts previously recorded in AOCI are recognized in earnings in the period in which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any ineffective portions of the change in fair value of the derivative are recognized in current earnings.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company accounts for equity‑based compensation issued to employees, directors, and affiliates of the Company using the current fair value based methodology.

F- 13

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)



The Company initially measures the cost of restricted stock unit (RSUs) and restricted stock awards at fair value on the date of grant and subsequently recognizes the cost of such awards over the vesting period using the straight-line method. The compensation costs are charged to expense over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to additional paid-in capital.

Compensation cost is recognized for stock options issued to employees, based on the fair value of these awards at the date of grant. Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period.

Grants of subsidiary RSUs exchangeable into Common Stock of the Company were initially accounted for as liabilities based upon their expected settlement method. Changes in fair value of the awards were recognized in earnings for the relative amount of cumulative compensation cost. The Company used the straight-line method to recognize compensation expense for the time vesting RSUs over the requisite service periods, beginning on the grant date. In June 2017, when sufficient shares were made available, we accounted for these RSUs under the fair value method and ceased marking the shares to market. The Company uses the graded-vesting method to recognize compensation expense for the performance vesting RSUs. Changes in fair value of shares underlying liability awards are recognized in earnings to the extent of the accumulated amortization. Compensation expense will be recognized to the extent that it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company reassesses the probability of satisfaction of the performance condition for the performance vesting RSUs for each reporting period.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are established for future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce a deferred tax asset to the amount expected to be realized. Several of the Company’s subsidiaries file state tax returns on a standalone basis. Two of our subsidiaries file federal and state tax returns on a stand alone basis, one of which is held for sale. These U.S. federal and state income tax returns, when filed, will be subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and state departments of revenue. See Note (19) Income Taxes.

The Company evaluates tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing its tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more likely than not” of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. The Company’s tax benefit or tax expense is adjusted accordingly for tax positions not deemed to meet the more likely than not threshold. The Company’s policy is to account for interest as a component of interest expense and penalties as a component of other expenses.

Earnings Per Share

The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per Common Share in its consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto. Basic earnings per Common Share (Basic EPS) excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, including vested restricted share units, for the period. Diluted earnings per Common Share (Diluted EPS) reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares where such exercise or conversion would result in a lower earnings per share amount.

The Company calculates EPS using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines EPS for common shares and participating securities. Unvested RSUs contain non-forfeitable rights to distributions or distribution equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) and are participating securities that are included in the computation of EPS using the two-class method. Accordingly, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to common shares and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive distributions. The participating securities do not have a contractual obligation to absorb losses and are only allocated in periods where there is income from continuing operations.

See Note (21) Earnings Per Share, for EPS computations.

Investments

The Company records all investment transactions on a trade‑date basis. Realized gains (losses) are determined using the specific-identification method. The Company classifies its investments in debt securities as available for sale or held-to-maturity based

F- 14

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


on the Company’s intent and ability to hold the debt security to maturity. The Company did not have any held-to-maturity securities at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Available for Sale Securities, at Fair Value (AFS)

AFS are securities that are not classified as trading or held-to-maturity and are intended to be held for indefinite periods of time. AFS securities include those debt securities that management may sell as part of its asset/liability management strategy or in response to changes in interest rates, resultant prepayment risk or other factors. AFS securities are held at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet with changes in fair value, net of related tax effects, recorded in the AOCI component of stockholders’ equity in the period of change. Upon the disposition of an AFS security, the Company reclassifies the gain or loss on the security from AOCI to net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company regularly reviews AFS securities, held-to-maturity and cost investments with unrealized losses in order to evaluate whether the impairment is other-than-temporary. Under the guidance for debt securities, other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) is recognized in earnings in the consolidated statements of operations for debt securities that the Company has an intent to sell or that it believes it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis. For those securities that the Company does not intend to sell nor expect to be required to sell, credit-related impairment is recognized in earnings, with the non-credit-related impairment recorded in AOCI. An unrealized loss exists when the current fair value of an individual security is less than its amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses for AFS securities that are determined to be temporary in nature are recorded, net of tax, in AOCI.

Management’s estimate of OTTI includes, among other things: (i) the duration of time and the relative magnitude to which fair value of the security has been below amortized cost; (ii) the financial condition and near‑term prospects of the issuer of the investment; (iii) extraordinary events, including negative news releases and rating agency downgrades, with respect to the issuer of the investment; (iv) whether it is more likely than not that the Company will sell a security before recovery of its amortized cost basis; (v) whether a debt security exhibits cash flow deterioration; and (vi) whether the security’s decline is attributable to specific conditions, such as conditions in an industry or in a geographic location.

Loans, at Fair Value

Loans, at fair value is substantially comprised of (i) non-performing residential loans (NPLs), (ii) middle market leveraged loans held by the Company and (iii) loans originated by the Company’s mortgage finance business. Changes in their fair value are reported within net realized and unrealized gains (losses) in our consolidated statements of operations.

Corporate Loans

Corporate loans are comprised of a diversified portfolio of middle market leveraged loans which are carried at fair value. In general, the fair value of leveraged loans are obtained from an independent pricing service which provides coverage of secondary market participants. The values represent a composite of mark-to-market bid/offer prices. In certain circumstances, the Company will make its own determination of fair value of leveraged loans based on internal models and other unobservable inputs.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage loans held for sale represent loans originated and held until sold to secondary market investors. Such loans are typically warehoused for a period after origination or purchase before sale into the secondary market. Loans are sold either servicing released, or in select instances, servicing maintained into the secondary loan market. The Company has elected to measure all mortgage loans held for sale at fair value. These loans are considered sold when the Company surrenders control to the purchaser. The gains or losses on sales of such loans, net of any accrual for standard representations and warranties, are reported in operating results as a component of net realized and unrealized gains (losses) in the consolidated statement of operations in the period when the sale occurs.

Non-Performing Loans (NPLs)

The Company has purchased portfolios of NPLs which consist of residential mortgage loans. Such loans are carried at fair value, which is measured on an individual loan basis. We seek to either (i) convert such loans into real estate owned property (REO) through foreclosure or another resolution process that can then be sold, or (ii) modify and resell them at higher prices if circumstances warrant.

F- 15

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)



The Company has elected the fair value option for NPLs as we have concluded that fair value timely reflects the results of our investment performance. As substantially all of our loans were non-performing when acquired, we generally look to the estimated fair value of the underlying property collateral to assess the recoverability of our investments. We primarily utilize the local broker price opinion (BPO) but also consider any other comparable home sales or other market data, as considered necessary, in estimating a property’s fair value. For further discussion on the observable and unobservable inputs to the model and determination of fair value of NPLs, see Note (11) Fair Value of Financial Instruments.

Certain NPLs are loans that are delinquent on obligated payments of principal and interest. Certain other NPLs are making some payments, generally as a result of a modification or a workout plan.

The fair value of NPLs are determined using a discounted cash flow model. As such, both the changes in fair value and the net periodic cash flows related to NPLs are recorded in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) in the consolidated statement of operations.

Equity Securities

Equity securities are investments consisting of equity securities that are purchased principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. Changes in fair value are recorded in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments on the consolidated statements of operations in the period of change.

Other Investments

Foreclosed Residential Real Estate Property (REO)

NPLs are reclassified to REO once the Company has obtained legal title to the property upon completion of a foreclosure sale or the borrower has conveyed all interest in the property to satisfy that loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure. Because the Company elected the fair value option for NPLs, upon recognition as REO, the property fair value is estimated using market values and, if the property meets held-for-sale criteria, it is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell as its new cost basis. Subsequently, the property is carried at (i) the fair value of the asset minus the estimated costs to sell the asset or (ii) the initial REO value, whichever is lower. Adjustments to the carrying value of REOs are recorded in net realized and unrealized gains (losses).

Vessels, net

Investments in vessels, net are carried at cost (inclusive of capitalized acquisition costs, where applicable) less accumulated depreciation. Subsequent expenditures are also capitalized when they appreciably extend the life, increase the earning capacity or improve the efficiency or safety of the vessels; otherwise, these amounts are expensed as incurred. Vessels acquired are recognized at their fair value as of the date of the acquisition.

Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the vessel’s estimated remaining useful life, after considering the estimated salvage value. A vessel’s salvage value is equal to the product of its lightweight tonnage and estimated scrap rate. Vessels are depreciated from the date of their acquisition through their remaining estimated useful life.

Vessels are reviewed for potential impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a particular vessel may not be fully recoverable. Potential impairment indicators are primarily based upon a comparison of the market value of a vessel to its carrying value. Market values are based upon quoted prices from industry-recognized sources. The Company evaluates market quotes of vessels for reasonableness by comparison to available market transactions or internal valuation models. An impairment charge would be recognized if the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to result from the operation and subsequent disposal of the vessel are less than the vessel’s carrying amount.

The Company’s estimate of future revenue is based upon time charter equivalent (TCE) rates using current market rates. The Company uses average historical rates for periods beyond those for which rates are available. Estimated cash flows are net of brokerage and address commissions, vessel operating expenses, and estimated costs of drydocking and include an inflation factor, as appropriate. The projected undiscounted future cash flows are comprised of the net of these inflows and outflows, plus an estimated salvage value.


F- 16

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


As of December 31, 2019, the undiscounted future cash flows were higher than the carrying amount of each of the vessels in the Company’s fleet and, as such, no loss on impairment was recognized.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments of sufficient credit quality purchased with an initial maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of U.S. denominated cash on hand, cash held in banks and investments in money market funds.

Restricted Cash

The Company’s restricted cash primarily consists of cash for unremitted premiums received from agents and insurers, fiduciary cash for reinsurers and pledged assets for the protection of policy holders in various state jurisdictions. Restricted cash also includes cash posted as collateral under credit facilities to maintain borrowing base sufficiency, borrower escrow funds for taxes, insurance, rate-lock fees and servicing related escrow funds and collateral on warehouse borrowings.

Notes and Accounts Receivable, Net     

Notes Receivable, Net    

The Company’s notes receivable, net includes receivables related to the insurance business for its premium financing programs.

The Company accrues interest income on its notes receivable based on the contractual terms of the respective note. The Company monitors all notes receivable for delinquency and provides for estimated losses for specific receivables that are not likely to be collected. In addition to allowances for bad debt for specific notes receivable, a general provision for bad debt is estimated for the Company’s notes receivable based on history. Account balances are generally charged against the allowance when the Company believes it is probable that the note receivable will not be recovered, and has exhausted its contractual and legal remedies.

Generally, receivables overdue more than 120 days are written off when the Company determines it has exhausted reasonable collection efforts and remedies, see Note (6) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net.

Accounts and Premiums Receivable, Net

Accounts and premiums receivable, net are primarily trade receivables from the insurance business that are carried at their approximate fair value. Accounts and premiums receivable from the Company’s insurance business consist primarily of advance commissions and agents' balances in course of collection and billed but not collected policy premiums, presented net of the allowance for doubtful accounts. For policy premiums that have been billed but not collected, the Company records a receivable on its consolidated balance sheet for the full amount of the premium billed, with a corresponding liability, net of its commission, to insurance carriers. The Company earns interest on the premium cash during the period of time between receipt of the funds and payment of these funds to insurance carriers. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based on an estimate of uncollectible accounts.

Retrospective commissions receivable, Trust receivables and Other receivables

Retrospective commissions receivable, trust receivables and other receivables are primarily trade receivables from the insurance business that are carried net of allowance at their approximate fair value.

Reinsurance Receivables

Through the insurance business, the Company has various reinsurance agreements in place whereby the amount of risk in excess of its retention goals is reinsured by unrelated domestic and foreign insurance companies. The Company is required to pay losses even if a reinsurer fails to meet its obligations under the applicable reinsurance agreement. Reinsurance receivables include amounts related to paid benefits, unpaid benefits and prepaid reinsurance premiums. Reinsurance receivables are based upon estimates and are reported on the consolidated balance sheets separately as assets, as reinsurance does not relieve the Company of its legal liability to policyholders. Management continually monitors the financial condition and agency ratings of the Company’s reinsurers and believes that the reinsurance receivables accrued are collectible. Balances recoverable from reinsurers

F- 17

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


and amounts ceded to reinsurers relating to the unexpired portion of reinsured policies are presented as assets. Experience refunds from reinsurers are recognized based on the underwriting experience of the underlying contracts.

Deferred Acquisition Costs

The Company defers certain costs of acquiring new and renewal insurance policies and other products within the Company’s insurance business. Amortization of deferred acquisition costs was $287,834, $246,330 and $221,362 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Insurance Policy Related

Insurance policy related deferred acquisition costs are limited to direct costs that resulted from successful contract transactions and would not have been incurred by the Company's insurance company subsidiaries had the transactions not occurred. These capitalized costs are amortized as the related premium is earned.

The Company evaluates whether insurance related deferred acquisition costs are recoverable at year-end, and considers investment income in the recoverability analysis. As a result of the Company's evaluations, no write-offs for unrecoverable insurance related deferred acquisition costs were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Non-insurance Policy Related

Other deferred acquisition costs are limited to prepaid direct costs, typically commissions and contract transaction fees that resulted from successful contract transactions and would not have been incurred by the Company had the transactions not occurred. These capitalized costs are amortized as the related service and administrative fees are earned.

The Company evaluates whether deferred acquisition costs - non-insurance policy related are recoverable at year-end. As a result of the Company's evaluations, no write-offs for unrecoverable deferred acquisition costs were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net

The initial measurement of goodwill and intangibles requires judgment concerning estimates of the fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but subject to tests for impairment annually or if events or circumstances indicate it is more likely than not they may be impaired. Other intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are subject to impairment if events or circumstances indicate a possible inability to realize the carrying amount. The Company carries intangible assets, which represent customer and agent relationships, trade names, insurance licenses (certificates of authority granted by individual state departments of insurance), the value of in-force insurance policies acquired, software acquired or internally developed, and leases in-place. Management has deemed the insurance licenses to have an indefinite useful life. Costs incurred to renew or maintain insurance licenses are recorded as operating costs in the period in which they arise. See Note (8) Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net.

Other Assets

Other assets primarily consist of right of use assets, prepaid expenses, and furniture, fixtures and equipment, net. See Note (14) Other Assets and Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses.

Debt, net

Debt is carried on the consolidated balance sheets at an amount equal to the unpaid principal balance, net of any remaining unamortized discount or premium and direct and any incremental costs attributable to issuance. Discounts, premiums and direct and incremental costs are amortized as a component of interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations over the life of the debt.

Unearned Premiums

Premiums written are earned over the life of the respective policy using the Rule of 78's, pro rata, or other actuarial methods as appropriate for the type of business. Unearned premiums represent the portion of premiums that will be earned in the future. A

F- 18

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


premium deficiency reserve is recorded if anticipated losses, loss adjustment expenses, deferred acquisition costs and policy maintenance costs exceed the recorded unearned premium reserve and anticipated investment income. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no deficiency reserves were recorded.

Policy Liabilities and Unpaid Claims

Policyholder account balances relate to investment-type individual annuity contracts in the accumulation phase. Policyholder account balances are carried at accumulated account values, which consist of deposits received, plus interest credited, less withdrawals and assessments. Minimum guaranteed interest credited to these contracts ranges from 3.0% to 4.0%.

The Company’s claims are generally reported and settled quickly, resulting in consistent historical loss development patterns. The Company’s actuaries apply a variety of generally accepted actuarial methods to the historical loss development patterns, to derive cumulative development factors. These cumulative development factors are applied to reported losses for each accident quarter to compute ultimate losses. The indicated required reserve is the difference between the ultimate losses and the reported losses. The actuarial methods used include but are not limited to the chain ladder method, the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method, and the expected loss ratio method. The actuarial analyses are performed on a basis gross of ceded reinsurance, and the resulting factors and estimates are then used in calculating the net loss reserves which take into account the impact of reinsurance. The Company has not made any changes to its methodologies for determining claim reserves in the periods presented.

Credit life and accidental death and dismemberment (AD&D) unpaid claims reserves include claims in the course of settlement and incurred but not reported (IBNR). Credit disability unpaid claims reserves also include continuing claim reserves for open disability claims. For all other product lines, unpaid claims reserves include case reserves for reported claims and bulk reserves for IBNR claims. The Company uses a number of algorithms in establishing its unpaid claims reserves. These algorithms are used to calculate unpaid claims as a function of paid losses, earned premium, reported incurred losses, target loss ratios, and in-force amounts or a combination of these factors.

Anticipated future loss development patterns form a key assumption underlying these analyses. Generally, unpaid claims reserves, and associated incurred losses, are impacted by loss frequency, which is the measure of the number of claims per unit of insured exposure, and loss severity, which is based on the average size of claims. Factors affecting loss frequency and loss severity may include changes in claims reporting patterns, claims settlement patterns, judicial decisions, legislation, economic conditions, morbidity patterns and the attitudes of claimants towards settlements.

The unpaid claims reserves represent the Company's best estimates at a given time, based on the projections and analyses discussed above. Actual claim costs are dependent upon a number of complex factors such as changes in doctrines of legal liabilities and damage awards. These factors are not directly quantifiable, particularly on a prospective basis. The Company periodically reviews and updates its methods of making such unpaid claims reserve estimates and establishing the related liabilities based on our actual experience. The Company has not made any changes to its methodologies for determining unpaid claims reserves in the periods presented.

In accordance with applicable statutory insurance company regulations, the Company’s recorded unpaid claims reserves are evaluated by appointed independent third party actuaries, who perform this function in compliance with the Standards of Practice and Codes of Conduct of the American Academy of Actuaries. The independent actuaries perform their actuarial analyses annually and prepare opinions, statements, and reports documenting their determinations. For December 31, 2019 and 2018, our appointed independent third party actuaries found the Company’s reserves to be adequate.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenues represent the portion of income that will be earned in the future attributable to motor club memberships, mobile device protection plans, and other non-insurance service contracts that are earned over the respective contract periods using Rule of 78's, modified Rule of 78's, pro rata, or other methods as appropriate for the contract. A deficiency reserve would be recorded if anticipated contract benefits, deferred acquisition costs and contract service costs exceed the recorded deferred revenues and anticipated investment income. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, no deficiency reserves were recorded.

Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

Other liabilities and accrued expenses primarily consist of lease liabilities, accounts payable and accrued expenses, deferred tax

F- 19

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


liabilities, net, commissions payable and accrued interest payable. See Note (14) Other Assets and Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses.

Revenue Recognition

The Company earns revenues from a variety of sources:

Earned Premiums, Net

Net earned premium is from direct and assumed earned premium consisting of revenue generated from the direct sale of insurance policies by the Company's distributors and premiums written for insurance policies by another carrier and assumed by the Company. Whether direct or assumed, the premium is earned over the life of the respective policy using methods appropriate to the pattern of losses for the type of business. Methods used include the Rule of 78's, pro rata, and other actuarial methods. Management selects the appropriate method based on available information, and periodically reviews the selections as additional information becomes available. Direct and assumed premiums are offset by premiums ceded to the Company's reinsurers, including producer owned reinsurance companies (PORCs), earned in the same manner. The amount ceded is proportional to the amount of risk assumed by the reinsurer.

Service and Administrative Fees

The Company earns service and administrative fees from a variety of activities. Such fees are typically positively correlated with transaction volume and are recognized as revenue as they become both realized and earned.
 
Service Fees. Service fee revenue is recognized as the services are performed. These services include fulfillment, software development, and claims handling for our customers. Collateral tracking fee income is recognized when the service is performed and billed. Management reviews the financial results under each significant contract on a monthly basis. Any losses that may occur due to a specific contract would be recognized in the period in which the loss is determined probable. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, the Company did not incur a loss with respect to a specific significant service fee contract.

Administrative Fees. Administrative fee revenue includes the administration of premium associated with our producers and their PORCs. In addition, we also earn fee revenue from debt cancellation programs, motor club programs, and warranty programs. Related administrative fee revenue is recognized consistent with the earnings recognition pattern of the underlying insurance policies, debt cancellation contracts and motor club memberships being administered, using Rule of 78's, modified Rule of 78's, pro rata, or other methods as appropriate for the contract. Management selects the appropriate method based on available information, and periodically reviews the selections as additional information becomes available.

Ceding Commissions

Ceding commissions earned under reinsurance agreements are based on contractual formulas that take into account, in part, underwriting performance and investment returns experienced by the assuming companies. As experience changes, adjustments to the ceding commissions are reflected in the period incurred and are based on the claim experience of the related policy. The adjustment is calculated by adding the earned premium and investment income from the assets held in trust for the Company's benefit less earned commissions, incurred claims and the reinsurer's fee for the coverage.

Vessel Related Revenue

The Company generates its revenues from charterers for the charter hire of its vessels. Vessels are chartered under time or voyage charters, where a contract is entered into for the use of a vessel for a specific voyage or a specific period of time and at a specified daily charter rate. Charter revenues are recognized as earned on a straight-line basis over the term of the charter as service is provided.

Revenue is recognized when a charter agreement exists, the vessel is made available to the charterer and collection of the related revenue is reasonably assured. Unearned revenue includes revenue received prior to the balance sheet date relating to services to be rendered after the balance sheet date. Vessel related revenue is recorded in other investment income as a part of other revenue.


F- 20

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


Policy and Contract Benefits

Member Benefit Claims

Member benefit claims represent claims paid on behalf of contract holders directly to third party providers for roadside assistance and for the repair or replacement of covered products. Claims can also be paid directly to contract holders as a reimbursement payment, provided supporting documentation of loss is submitted to the Company. Claims are recognized as expense when incurred.

Net Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

Net losses and loss adjustment expenses represent losses and related claim adjudication and processing costs on insurance contract claims, net of amounts ceded. Net losses include actual claims paid and the change in unpaid claim reserves.

Commissions Payable and Expense

Commissions are paid to distributors and retailers selling credit insurance policies, motor club memberships, mobile device protection, and warranty service contracts, and are generally deferred and expensed in proportion to the earning of related revenue.  Credit insurance commission rates, in many instances, are set by state regulators and are also impacted by market conditions. In certain instances, credit insurance commissions are subject to retrospective adjustment based on the profitability of the related policies. Under these retrospective commission arrangements, the producer of the credit insurance policies receives a retrospective commission if the premium generated by that producer in the accounting period exceeds the costs associated with those policies, which includes the Company's administrative fees, claims, reserves, and premium taxes. The Company analyzes the retrospective commission calculation periodically for each producer and, based on the analysis associated with each such producer, the Company records a liability for any positive net retrospective commission earned and due to the producer or, conversely, records a receivable, net of allowance, for amounts due from such producer for instances where the net result of the retrospective commission calculation is negative. Commissions payable are included in other liabilities and accrued expenses.

Recent Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and applicable amendments, ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing and ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients. These standards establish a comprehensive new revenue recognition model designed to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.

A substantial majority of the Company’s non-investment related revenues are comprised of revenues from insurance contracts that are accounted for under Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944) or certain financial services products (e.g. gains upon the origination of mortgages) that are not within the scope of the new standard. The Company’s remaining revenues that are within the scope of Topic 606 are primarily comprised of revenues from contracts with customers for monthly membership dues for motor clubs, monthly administration fees for services provided for premiums, claims and reinsurance processing revenues, vehicle service contracts and warranty coverage revenues for household goods and appliances (collectively, remaining contracts). Vessel related revenue is also under the scope of this standard. The Company has chosen the modified-retrospective method of adopting Topic 606, and has assessed these contracts and concluded that changes in accounting and revenue recognition upon adoption of Topic 606 was not material to the Company’s financial position as of January 1, 2018, and did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. No cumulative effect adjustment was made due to the adoption of this standard. See Note (13) Revenue From Contracts with Customers for disclosures required under ASU 2014-09 and others related to Topic 606.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which makes targeted improvements to the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of certain financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 focuses primarily on the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for certain financial

F- 21

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


instruments. Among its provisions for public business entities, ASU 2016-01 eliminates the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost, requires the use of the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes, requires the separate presentation in other comprehensive income of the change in fair value of a liability due to instrument-specific credit risk for a liability for which the reporting entity has elected the fair value option, requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) and clarifies guidance related to the valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses on available for sale debt securities. ASU 2016-01 was effective for the Company as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-05, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships, which clarifies that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as the hedging instrument under Topic 815, does not, in and of itself, require dedesignation of that hedging relationship provided that all other hedge accounting criteria continue to be met. ASU 2016-05 was effective for the Company for the annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. Some of the areas for simplification apply only to nonpublic entities. In addition, the amendments in this Update eliminate the guidance in Topic 718 that was indefinitely deferred shortly after the issuance of FASB Statement No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment. The standard was effective for the Company for the annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which addresses the following eight specific cash flow issues: Debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies (COLIs) (including bank-owned life insurance policies (BOLIs)); distributions received from equity method investees; beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. The standard was effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption was permitted, including the adoption in an interim period. The amendments in this Update should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force), which addresses classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 requires an entity’s reconciliation of the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows to include in cash and cash equivalents amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. The ASU does not define restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents, but an entity will need to disclose the nature of the restrictions. ASU 2016-18 was effective for public business entities for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of ASU 2016-18 resulted in reclassification of restricted cash balances into cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on the consolidated statements of cash flows in the first quarter of 2018.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including the treatment of acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. There are no disclosures required for a change in accounting principle at transition. Early adoption was permitted for transactions (i.e., acquisitions or dispositions) that occurred before the issuance date or effective date of the standard if the transactions were not reported in financial statements that have been issued or made available for issuance. The Company elected to early adopt this standard, effective for transactions on or after October 1, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.


F- 22

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20) Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets. The new guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years. Early adoption was permitted for interim or annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The guidance may be applied retrospectively for all periods presented or retrospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment at the date of adoption. The new guidance clarifies the scope and accounting of a financial asset that meets the definition of an “in-substance nonfinancial asset” and defines the term, “in-substance nonfinancial asset.” The ASU also added guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which provided clarity as to what changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. ASU 2017-09 was effective for the Company for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and was applied prospectively to changes in terms or conditions of awards occurring on or after the adoption date. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features; II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. Part I of this Update addressed the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are features of certain equity-linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Previous accounting guidance created cost and complexity for entities that issue financial instruments (such as warrants and convertible instruments) with down round features that require fair value measurement of the entire instrument or conversion option. Part II of this Update addressed the difficulty of navigating Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, because of the existence of extensive pending content in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. This pending content was the result of the indefinite deferral of accounting requirements about mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain nonpublic entities and certain mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests. The amendments in Part II of this Update did not have an accounting effect. The Company elected to early adopt this standard as of December 31, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. ASU 2016-02 supersedes the previous leases standard, Leases (Topic 840). The standard is effective on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the standard in the first quarter of 2019 under the modified retrospective approach without restating prior comparative periods. The adoption of the updated guidance resulted in the Company recognizing a right of use asset of $32,052 as part of other assets and a lease liability of $33,558 as part of other liabilities and accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheets, as well as de-recognizing the liability for deferred rent that was required under the previous guidance for its operating lease agreements at January 1, 2019. We have elected the practical expedient to not separate lease components and non-lease components, and leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. The cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings was zero.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The guidance is to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The guidance shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium, requiring the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

F- 23

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)



In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which amends the guidance on hedge accounting. The amendment will make more financial and nonfinancial hedging strategies eligible for hedge accounting and amend the presentation and disclosure requirements. It is intended to more closely align hedge accounting with companies’ risk management strategies, simplify the application of hedge accounting, and increase transparency as to the scope and results of hedging programs. ASU 2017-12 can be adopted immediately in any interim or annual period. The mandatory effective date for calendar year-end public companies is January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI), which permits companies to reclassify stranded tax effects caused by Public Law no. 115-97, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act), from AOCI to retained earnings. Deferred tax assets (DTA) on unrealized gains and losses related to available for sale (AFS) securities that were revalued as of December 31, 2017 created stranded tax effects in AOCI due to the enactment of the Tax Act, due to the nature of existing GAAP requiring recognition of tax rate change effects on the DTA revaluation related to AFS securities as an adjustment to the provision for income taxes. Specifically, ASU 2018-02 permits a reclassification from AOCI to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act. Additionally, the ASU requires new disclosures by all companies, whether they opt to do the reclassification or not. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2019, and reclassified the stranded tax effects caused by the Tax Act from AOCI to retained earnings. The standard is applied in the period of adoption, and the impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements in the period of adoption is not material. The Company’s accounting policy for the release of stranded tax effects in AOCI is the aggregate portfolio approach.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and AFS debt securities. For assets held at amortized cost basis, Topic 326 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold in current GAAP and, instead requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. For AFS debt securities, credit losses should be measured in a manner similar to current GAAP, however Topic 326 will require that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. This ASU affects entities holding financial assets and net investments in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. The amendments in ASU 2016-13 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted as of the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments will affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. The Company does not believe the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 does not change the qualitative assessment; however, it removes “the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test.” Instead, all reporting units, even those with a zero or negative carrying amount will apply the same impairment test. Therefore, as the FASB notes in the ASU’s Basis for Conclusions, the goodwill of reporting units with zero or negative carrying values will not be impaired, even when conditions underlying the reporting unit indicate that goodwill is impaired. Entities will, however, be required to disclose any reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts and the respective amounts of goodwill allocated to those reporting units. The amendments in ASU 2017-04 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820. The modifications include the removal of certain requirements, modifications to existing requirements and additional requirements. The amendments in ASU 2018-13 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after

F- 24

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the application of Topic 740 while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. The modifications include the removal of certain exceptions and simplification to existing requirements. The amendments in ASU 2019-12 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect on its consolidated financial statements.

(3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

Dispositions

On April 26, 2019, the Company completed the sale of the management contracts and related assets for the CLOs managed by Telos Asset Management, LLC (Telos). The pre-tax gain on sale for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $7.6 million, which is included in other revenue. See Note (15) Other Revenue, Other Expenses and Other Income. The sale did not meet the requirements to be classified as a discontinued operation.

The sale agreement also contains a provision which provides for contingent consideration if the Telos business achieves specific performance metrics. This contingent consideration represents a gain contingency, and the Company will not recognize any additional gain unless such consideration is realized.

On February 1, 2018, the Company completed the sale of Care, as well as two senior living properties held in our insurance business, to Invesque Inc. (Invesque). The pre-tax comprehensive income on the sale was approximately $54.9 million, which consists of $56.9 million gain on sale of a subsidiary, $1.8 million of realized gain on the sale of the insurance properties, offset by the reclassification of the interest rate swap from AOCI of $3.8 million. The gain on sale of a subsidiary includes $10.7 million of earnout consideration recognized in December 2018 as a result of a portfolio disposition by Invesque.

Total consideration received for the sale of Care was $150.7 million, including approximately 16.6 million shares of Invesque, resulting in an ownership of approximately 34% of the acquiring company at the time of sale. The Company has elected to apply the fair value option to the investment in Invesque. As such, these shares are held at fair value within equity securities.

When the Company entered into a purchase agreement on November 16, 2017 to sell Care, the Company concluded that the sale met the requirements to be classified as a discontinued operation. As a result, the Company reclassified the income and expenses attributable to Care to net income (loss) from discontinued operations through the completion of the sale.

The Company has entered into a definitive agreement to sell Luxury, which is pending regulatory approval, and is classified as held for sale at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The agreement did not meet the requirements to be classified as a discontinued operation.

On January 18, 2017 and November 7, 2017, the Company sold its ownership in the subordinated notes in two CLOs (collectively, the Disposed CLOs). On August 10, 2017, the Company’s ownership in the subordinated notes of an additional CLO was redeemed for cash as part of the complete liquidation of the CLO. The operations of the Disposed CLOs and redeemed CLO were consolidated in the results of the Company through the redemption date.

The Company sold its interest in its commercial lending business on October 1, 2017. Consideration consisted of $2,500 in cash and $11,000 of seller provided financing at the time of sale. The financing had an interest rate of 10% and was settled in cash in December 2018. The operations of this business were consolidated in the results of the Company through the sale date.

As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company did not record any impairments with respect to assets held for sale.


F- 25

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


Assets Held for Sale

The following table presents detail of Luxury’s assets and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated balance sheets for the following periods:
 
As of December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Assets
 
 
 
Investments:
 
 
 
Loans, at fair value
$
98,272

 
$
63,340

Other investments
1,019

 
798

Total investments
99,291

 
64,138

Cash and cash equivalents
7,137

 
2,860

Notes and accounts receivable, net
238

 
230

Other assets (1)
1,169

 
1,003

Assets held for sale
$
107,835

 
$
68,231

 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
Debt, net
$
97,822

 
$
61,381

Other liabilities and accrued expenses (2)
4,608

 
1,599

Liabilities held for sale
$
102,430

 
$
62,980


(1) 
Includes $318 and $0 of a right of use asset as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(2) 
Includes $341 and $0 of a lease liability as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Luxury has a total borrowing capacity at December 31, 2019 of $154,500. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, a total of $97,822 and $61,381, respectively, was outstanding under such financing agreements.

Discontinued Operations

The following table presents detail of Care’s revenues and expenses of discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations for the following periods:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues:

 

 
 
Rental and related revenue
$

 
$
6,476

 
$
74,386

Other revenue

 
149

 
1,583

Total revenues

 
6,625

 
75,969

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
Employee compensation and benefits

 
2,788

 
30,215

Interest expense

 
1,252

 
13,068

Depreciation and amortization

 

 
15,645

Other expenses

 
1,961

 
23,263

Total expenses

 
6,001

 
82,191

Net income (loss) before taxes from discontinued operations

 
624

 
(6,222
)
Gain on sale of discontinued operations

 
56,860

 

Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes

 
13,714

 
(2,224
)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
$

 
$
43,770

 
$
(3,998
)

F- 26

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


The following table presents a summary of cash flows related to discontinued operations included in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the following periods:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net cash provided by (used in):
 
 
 
 
 
Operating activities
$

 
$
(2,095
)
 
$
16,805

Investing activities

 
(592
)
 
(74,325
)
Financing activities

 
(123
)
 
50,569

Net cash flows provided by discontinued operations
$

 
$
(2,810
)
 
$
(6,951
)

Significant Accounting Policies Related to Dispositions and Discontinued Operations

Except as noted below, Care, Luxury and our commercial lending business adhered to the Significant Accounting Policies as described in Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Investments

Loans, at Amortized Cost, Net

Interest income related to loans at amortized cost was generally recognized using the effective interest method or on a basis approximating a level rate of return over the term of the loan. Nonaccrual loans were those on which the accrual of interest was suspended. Loans were placed on nonaccrual status and considered nonperforming when full payment of principal and interest was in doubt, or when principal or interest was 90 days or more past due and collateral, if any, was insufficient to cover principal and interest. Interest accrued but not collected at the date a loan was placed on nonaccrual status was reversed against interest income. In addition, the amortization of net deferred loan fees was suspended. Interest income on nonaccrual loans was recognized only to the extent it was received in cash. However, when there was doubt regarding the ultimate collectability of loan principal, cash receipts on such nonaccrual loans were applied to reduce the carrying value of such loans. Nonaccrual loans were returned to accrual status when repayment was reasonably assured and there had been demonstrated performance under the terms of the loan or, if applicable, the restructured terms of such loan.

The Company deferred nonrefundable loan origination and commitment fees collected on originated loans and amortized the net amount as an adjustment of the interest income over the contractual life of the loan. If a loan was prepaid, the net deferred amount was recognized in loan fee income within the consolidated statements of operations in the period. Loan fee income included prepayment fees and late charges collected.

Revenue Recognition

Rental and Related Revenue

Rental revenue from residents in properties owned by Care but managed by a management company pursuant to a management agreement (Managed Properties) were recognized monthly as services were provided, as lease periods for residents were short-term in nature. The Company recognized rental revenue from triple net leases on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable term of the lease unless another systematic and rational basis was more representative of the time pattern in which the use benefit was derived from the leased property. Renewal options in leases with rental terms that were higher than those in the primary term were excluded from the calculation of straight-line rent if the renewals were not reasonably assured. The Company commenced rental revenue recognition when the tenant took control of the leased space. The Company recognized lease termination payments as a component of rental revenue in the period received, provided that there were no further obligations under the lease. Revenue related to rental revenue was primarily attributable to services provided to the occupants of our senior living properties.

Management Fee Income

The Company earned management and incentive fees from the CLOs it managed. These management fees were paid periodically in accordance with the terms of the individual management agreements for as long as the Company managed the funds. Management fees typically consisted of fees based on the amount of assets held in the CLOs. Management fees were recognized as revenue when earned. The Company did not recognize incentive fees until all contractual contingencies were removed.

F- 27

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


Management fee income is recorded in other revenue.

(4) Operating Segment Data

Tiptree is a holding company that allocates capital across a broad spectrum of businesses, assets and other investments. Tiptree’s principal operating subsidiary and primary source of earnings, Tiptree Insurance, along with its subsidiaries, is a leading provider of specialty insurance, warranty products and related administration services. We classify our business into one reportable segment – Tiptree Insurance, formally referred to as Specialty Insurance. This change for the year ended December 31, 2019 did not change any previously reported balances. We refer to our non-insurance operations, assets and other investments, which is comprised of our non-reportable operating segments and other business activities, as Tiptree Capital. Corporate activities include holding company interest expense, employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses.

Our reportable segment’s income or loss is reported before income taxes, discontinued operations and non-controlling interests. Segment results incorporate the revenues and expenses of these subsidiaries since they commenced operations or were acquired. Intercompany transactions are eliminated.

Descriptions of our reportable segment and of Tiptree Capital are as follows:

Tiptree Insurance operations are conducted through Tiptree Insurance, which includes Fortegra Financial Corporation (Fortegra), an insurance holding company incorporated in 1981, and Tiptree Warranty. Fortegra underwrites and administers specialty insurance programs and products, and is a leading provider of credit and asset protection products and administration services. Fortegra’s programs are provided across a diverse range of products and services including credit protection insurance, warranty and service contract products, premium finance, and niche personal and commercial lines of insurance. On January 3, 2020, Tiptree Warranty acquired Smart AutoCare, a rapidly growing vehicle warranty solutions provider in the United States.

Tiptree Capital includes our asset management, mortgage and shipping operations, and other investments (including our Invesque shares).

The tables below present the components of revenue, expense, pre-tax income (loss), and assets for our reportable segment as well as Tiptree Capital for the following periods:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree Capital
 
Total
Total revenue
$
640,433

 
$
132,295

 
$
772,728

Total expense
(599,433
)
 
(111,309
)
 
(710,742
)
Corporate expense

 

 
(32,847
)
Income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
$
41,000

 
$
20,986

 
$
29,139

Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
 
 
 
 
9,017

Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
 
 
 
 
$
20,122

Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
 
 
 
 
1,761

Net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders
 
 
 
 
$
18,361


 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree
Capital
 
Total
Total revenue
$
549,872

 
$
75,954

 
$
625,826

Total expense
(531,312
)
 
(83,759
)
 
(615,071
)
Corporate expense

 

 
(30,551
)
Income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
$
18,560

 
$
(7,805
)
 
$
(19,796
)
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
 
 
 
 
(5,909
)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
 
 
 
 
43,770

Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
 
 
 
 
$
29,883

Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
 
 
 
 
5,950

Net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders
 
 
 
 
$
23,933



F- 28

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


 
Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree
Capital
 
Total
Total revenue
$
478,965

 
$
102,833

 
$
581,798

Total expense
(473,561
)
 
(92,954
)
 
(566,515
)
Net income attributable to consolidated CLOs

 
10,457

 
10,457

Corporate expense

 

 
(29,070
)
Income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
$
5,404

 
$
20,336

 
$
(3,330
)
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
 
 
 
 
(12,562
)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
 
 
 
 
(3,998
)
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
 
 
 
 
$
5,234

Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
 
 
 
 
1,630

Net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders
 
 
 
 
$
3,604


The following table presents sources of revenue from Tiptree Capital:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) (1)
$
76,973

 
$
40,446

 
$
64,110

Other investment income (2)
45,985

 
25,541

 
26,261

Gain on sale of businesses (3)
7,598

 

 
1,994

Management fee income
1,267

 
6,694

 
8,314

Other
472

 
3,273

 
2,154

Total revenue
$
132,295

 
$
75,954

 
$
102,833


(1) 
See Note (5) Investments for the components of Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to Tiptree Capital.
(2) 
See Note (5) Investments for the components of Other investment income.
(3) 
Related to the sale of Telos and our commercial lending business for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2017, respectively. See Note (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.

The following table presents the reportable segment and Tiptree Capital assets for the following periods:
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree Capital
 
Corporate
 
Total
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree Capital
 
Corporate
 
Total
Total assets
$
1,721,669

 
$
451,249

 
$
25,368

 
$
2,198,286

 
$
1,514,084

 
$
318,420

 
$
32,414

 
$
1,864,918


(5) Investments

The following table presents the Company's investments related to insurance operations (Tiptree Insurance) and investments from other Tiptree investing activities (Tiptree Capital), measured at fair value as of the following periods:
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree Capital
 
Total
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree Capital
 
Total
Available for sale securities, at fair value
$
335,192

 
$

 
$
335,192

 
$
283,563

 
$

 
$
283,563

Loans, at fair value
10,174

 
98,720

 
108,894

 
158,466

 
56,917

 
215,383

Equity securities
62,816

 
92,562

 
155,378

 
29,425

 
93,554

 
122,979

Other investments
42,452

 
95,020

 
137,472

 
18,526

 
56,476

 
75,002

Total investments
$
450,634

 
$
286,302

 
$
736,936

 
$
489,980

 
$
206,947

 
$
696,927



F- 29

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


Available for Sale Securities, at fair value

All of the Company’s investments in AFS securities as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are held by subsidiaries in the insurance business. The following tables present the Company's investments in AFS securities:
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
Amortized cost
 
Gross
unrealized gains
 
Gross
unrealized losses
 
Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies
$
189,596

 
$
2,138

 
$
(144
)
 
$
191,590

Obligations of state and political subdivisions
45,249

 
1,104

 
(15
)
 
46,338

Corporate securities
50,514

 
719

 
(2
)
 
51,231

Asset backed securities
45,634

 
89

 
(1,705
)
 
44,018

Certificates of deposit
896

 

 

 
896

Obligations of foreign governments
1,099

 
20

 

 
1,119

Total
$
332,988

 
$
4,070

 
$
(1,866
)
 
$
335,192

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Amortized cost
 
Gross
unrealized gains
 
Gross
unrealized losses
 
Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies
$
71,945

 
$
266

 
$
(463
)
 
$
71,748

Obligations of state and political subdivisions
67,624

 
280

 
(458
)
 
67,446

Corporate securities
96,888

 
78

 
(1,241
)
 
95,725

Asset backed securities
41,912

 
14

 
(1,274
)
 
40,652

Certificates of deposit
1,241

 

 

 
1,241

Obligations of foreign governments
6,750

 
12

 
(11
)
 
6,751

Total
$
286,360

 
$
650

 
$
(3,447
)
 
$
283,563


The amortized cost and fair values of AFS securities, by contractual maturity date, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
 
As of
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
Due in one year or less
$
9,584

 
$
9,602

 
$
30,920

 
$
30,836

Due after one year through five years
130,223

 
131,952

 
167,201

 
166,366

Due after five years through ten years
19,508

 
20,125

 
32,805

 
32,185

Due after ten years
128,039

 
129,495

 
13,522

 
13,524

Asset backed securities
45,634

 
44,018

 
41,912

 
40,652

Total
$
332,988

 
$
335,192

 
$
286,360

 
$
283,563



F- 30

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


The following tables present the gross unrealized losses on AFS securities by length of time that individual AFS securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
Less Than or Equal to One Year
 
More Than One Year
 
Fair value
 
Gross
unrealized losses
 
# of Securities
 
Fair value
 
Gross unrealized losses
 
# of Securities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies
$
31,416

 
$
(132
)
 
75

 
$
3,888

 
$
(12
)
 
38

Obligations of state and political subdivisions
3,774

 
(15
)
 
20

 

 

 

Corporate securities
2,820

 
(2
)
 
12

 
742

 

 
7

Asset backed securities
3,878

 
(11
)
 
17

 
19,480

 
(1,694
)
 
11

Total
$
41,888

 
$
(160
)
 
124

 
$
24,110

 
$
(1,706
)
 
56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Less Than or Equal to One Year
 
More Than One Year
 
Fair value
 
Gross
unrealized losses
 
# of Securities
 
Fair value
 
Gross unrealized losses
 
# of Securities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies
$
14,844

 
$
(70
)
 
51

 
$
19,495

 
$
(393
)
 
128

Obligations of state and political subdivisions
15,830

 
(30
)
 
41

 
21,594

 
(428
)
 
115

Corporate securities
47,976

 
(393
)
 
352

 
28,517

 
(848
)
 
404

Asset backed securities
37,613

 
(1,262
)
 
35

 
614

 
(12
)
 
5

Obligations of foreign governments
2,313

 
(6
)
 
15

 
1,301

 
(5
)
 
8

Total
$
118,576

 
$
(1,761
)
 
494

 
$
71,521

 
$
(1,686
)
 
660

Management believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will be able to hold the fixed maturity AFS securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2019 until full recovery of their amortized cost basis. The unrealized losses were attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit-related issues. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, based on the Company's review, none of the AFS securities were deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired based on the Company's analysis of the securities and its intent to hold the securities until recovery.

Pursuant to certain reinsurance agreements and statutory licensing requirements, the Company has deposited invested assets in custody accounts or insurance department safekeeping accounts. The Company cannot remove or replace investments in regulatory deposit accounts without prior approval of the contractual party or regulatory authority, as applicable. The following table presents the Company's restricted investments included in the Company's AFS securities:
 
As of December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Fair value of restricted investments for special deposits required by state insurance departments
$
6,275

 
$
9,398

Fair value of restricted investments in trust pursuant to reinsurance agreements
33,478

 
24,931

Total fair value of restricted investments
$
39,753

 
$
34,329


The following table presents additional information on the Company’s AFS securities:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Purchases of AFS securities
$
253,415

 
$
192,288

 
$
117,735

 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from maturities, calls and prepayments of AFS securities
$
36,459

 
$
30,089

 
$
32,157

 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains (losses) realized on maturities, calls and prepayments of AFS securities
$

 
$
(30
)
 
$
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross proceeds from sales of AFS securities
$
170,495

 
$
56,191

 
$
48,252

 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains (losses) realized on sales of AFS securities
$
1,312

 
$
(789
)
 
$
430



F- 31

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


Loans, at fair value

The following tables present the Company’s investments in loans measured at fair value and the Company’s investments in loans measured at fair value pledged as collateral:
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Fair value
 
Unpaid principal balance (UPB)
 
Fair value exceeds / (below) UPB
 
Pledged as Collateral
 
Fair value
 
Unpaid principal balance (UPB)
 
Fair value exceeds / (below) UPB
 
Pledged as Collateral
Tiptree Insurance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate loans (1)
$
9,787

 
$
12,006

 
$
(2,219
)
 
$

 
$
130,910

 
$
136,475

 
$
(5,565
)
 
$
120,202

Non-performing loans (2)
387

 
409

 
(22
)
 

 
27,556

 
33,887

 
(6,331
)
 

Tiptree Capital:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans held for sale (3)
98,720

 
95,680

 
3,040

 
98,086

 
56,917

 
54,679

 
2,238

 
56,441

Total loans, at fair value
$
108,894

 
$
108,095

 
$
799

 
$
98,086

 
$
215,383

 
$
225,041

 
$
(9,658
)
 
$
176,643


(1) 
The UPB of these loans approximates cost basis.
(2) 
The cost basis of NPLs was approximately $282 and $21,555 at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(3) 
As of December 31, 2019, there was one mortgage loan held for sale with a fair value of $198 that was 90 days or more past due. As of December 31, 2018, there were no mortgage loans held for sale 90 days or more past due.

Equity securities

Equity securities represents the carrying amount of the Company's basis in equity investments. Included within the equity securities balance are 16.6 million shares of Invesque for which the Company has elected to apply the fair value option. The following table presents the Company’s equity securities related to insurance operations and other Tiptree investing activity as of the following periods:
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree Capital
 
Total
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree Capital
 
Total
Invesque
$
19,376

 
$
92,562

 
$
111,938

 
$
19,584

 
$
93,554

 
$
113,138

Fixed income exchange traded fund
25,039

 

 
25,039

 

 

 

Other equity securities
18,401

 

 
18,401

 
9,841

 

 
9,841

Total equity securities
$
62,816

 
$
92,562

 
$
155,378

 
$
29,425

 
$
93,554

 
$
122,979


Other Investments

The following table contains information regarding the Company’s other investments as of the following periods:
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree Capital
 
Total
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Tiptree Capital
 
Total
Vessels, net (1)
$

 
$
85,991

 
$
85,991

 
$

 
$
50,125

 
$
50,125

Corporate bonds, at fair value
20,705

 

 
20,705

 

 

 

Real estate
2,188

 

 
2,188

 
10,019

 

 
10,019

Other
19,559

 
9,029

 
28,588

 
8,507

 
6,351

 
14,858

Total other investments
$
42,452

 
$
95,020

 
$
137,472

 
$
18,526

 
$
56,476

 
$
75,002


(1) 
Net of accumulated depreciation of $3,817 and $898, respectively.


F- 32

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


Net Investment Income - Tiptree Insurance

Net investment income represents investment income and expense from investments related to insurance operations as disclosed within net investment income on the consolidated statements of operations. The following tables present the components of net investment income by source of income:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Interest:
 
 
 
 
 
AFS securities, at fair value
$
8,404

 
$
6,560

 
$
3,490

Loans, at fair value
3,284

 
10,809

 
11,073

Other investments
1,218

 
1,350

 
566

Dividends from equity securities
2,813

 
2,092

 
2,043

Other

 
97

 
800

Subtotal
15,719

 
20,908

 
17,972

Less: investment expenses
1,702

 
1,729

 
1,686

Net investment income
$
14,017

 
$
19,179

 
$
16,286


Other Investment Income - Tiptree Capital

Other investment income represents other income from other Tiptree non-insurance activities as disclosed within other revenue on the consolidated statements of operations, see Note (15) Other Revenue, Other Expenses and Other Income. The following tables present the components of other investment income by type:

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
Loans, at fair value
$
6,206

 
$
4,343

 
$
3,555

Loans at amortized cost, net

 

 
8,368

Other
269

 
175

 
184

Dividends from equity securities
10,132

 
9,224

 

Loan fee income:
 
 
 
 
 
Loans, at fair value
12,631

 
7,827

 
10,596

Loans at amortized cost, net

 

 
3,558

Vessel related revenue
16,747

 
3,972

 

Other investment income
$
45,985

 
$
25,541

 
$
26,261



F- 33

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)

The following table presents the components of net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recorded on the consolidated statements of operations. Net unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities are included within other comprehensive income, and as such, are not included in this table. Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on non-investment financial assets and liabilities are included below:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net realized gains (losses)
 
 
 
 
 
Tiptree Insurance:
 
 
 
 
 
 Reclass of unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities from OCI
$
1,312

 
$
(819
)
 
$
435

 Net realized gains (losses) on loans
2,100

 
2,071

 
5,380

 Net realized gains (losses) on equity securities
947

 
2,721

 

 Other
318

 
1,627

 

Tiptree Capital:
 
 
 
 
 
 Net realized gains (losses) on loans
76,020

 
61,147

 
64,296

 Other
(260
)
 
(2,084
)
 
(5,686
)
Total net realized gains (losses)
80,437

 
64,663

 
64,425

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains (losses)
 
 
 
 
 
Tiptree Insurance:
 
 
 
 
 
 Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on loans
(3,899
)
 
(4,730
)
 
1,435

 Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities held at period end
7,621

 
(9,815
)
 
(23,753
)
 Reclass of unrealized (gains) losses from prior periods for equity securities sold
(807
)
 
(2,291
)
 

 Other
(697
)
 
(428
)
 

Tiptree Capital:
 
 
 
 
 
 Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on loans
1,823

 
194

 
286

 Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities held at period end
(992
)
 
(17,134
)
 

 Other
382

 
(1,677
)
 
5,214

Total net unrealized gains (losses)
3,431

 
(35,881
)
 
(16,818
)
Total net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
$
83,868

 
$
28,782

 
$
47,607


(6) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net

The following table presents the total notes and accounts receivable, net:
 
As of December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Notes receivable, net - premium financing program
$
42,192

 
$
13,057

Accounts and premiums receivable, net
50,712

 
50,880

Retrospective commissions receivable
105,387

 
84,488

Trust receivables
63,925

 
53,424

Other receivables
24,752

 
21,256

Total notes and accounts receivable, net
$
286,968

 
$
223,105


The following table presents the total valuation allowance and bad debt expense for the following periods:
 
Valuation allowance
 
Bad debt expense
 
As of December 31,
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Notes receivable, net - premium financing program (1)
$
95

 
$
97

 
$
175

 
$
195

 
$
374

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts and premiums receivable, net
$
109

 
$
217

 
$
36

 
$
39

 
$
48


(1) 
As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were $93 and $368 in balances classified as 90 days plus past due, respectively.

F- 34

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)



(7) Reinsurance Receivables

The following table presents the effect of reinsurance on premiums written and earned by our insurance business for the following periods:
 
Direct amount
 
Ceded to other companies
 
Assumed from other companies
 
Net amount
 
Percentage of amount - assumed to net
For the Year Ended December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Premiums written:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life insurance
$
75,060

 
$
40,555

 
$
1,692

 
$
36,197

 
4.7
%
Accident and health insurance
133,514

 
87,447

 
3,201

 
49,268

 
6.5
%
Property and liability insurance
709,515

 
350,093

 
92,246

 
451,668

 
20.4
%
Total premiums written
918,089

 
478,095

 
97,139

 
537,133

 
18.1
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Premiums earned:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life insurance
68,282

 
35,929

 
1,607

 
33,960

 
4.7
%
Accident and health insurance
123,182

 
82,660

 
3,165

 
43,687

 
7.2
%
Property and liability insurance
597,852

 
242,180

 
65,789

 
421,461

 
15.6
%
Total premiums earned
$
789,316

 
$
360,769

 
$
70,561

 
$
499,108

 
14.1
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Premiums written:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life insurance
$
69,516

 
$
38,239

 
$
1,874

 
$
33,151

 
5.7
%
Accident and health insurance
126,951

 
85,136

 
3,229

 
45,044

 
7.2
%
Property and liability insurance
616,135

 
277,856

 
50,346

 
388,625

 
13.0
%
Total premiums written
812,602

 
401,231

 
55,449

 
466,820

 
11.9
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Premiums earned:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life insurance
64,346

 
32,865

 
1,766

 
33,247

 
5.3
%
Accident and health insurance
118,482

 
80,258

 
3,262

 
41,486

 
7.9
%
Property and liability insurance
552,792

 
231,093

 
31,405

 
353,104

 
8.9
%
Total premiums earned
$
735,620

 
$
344,216

 
$
36,433

 
$
427,837

 
8.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the Year ended December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Premiums written:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life insurance                  
$
63,196

 
$
32,358

 
$
2,011

 
$
32,849

 
6.1
%
Accident and health insurance   
119,227

 
79,278

 
3,247

 
43,196

 
7.5
%
Property and liability insurance
553,111

 
238,614

 
27,480

 
341,977

 
8.0
%
Total premiums written            
735,534

 
350,250

 
32,738

 
418,022

 
7.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Premiums earned:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life insurance                  
61,780

 
30,567

 
1,942

 
33,155

 
5.9
%
Accident and health insurance   
111,124

 
76,549

 
3,198

 
37,773

 
8.5
%
Property and liability insurance
486,913

 
201,576

 
15,435

 
300,772

 
5.1
%
Total premiums earned
$
659,817

 
$
308,692

 
$
20,575

 
$
371,700

 
5.5
%


F- 35

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


The following table presents the components of policy and contract benefits, including the effect of reinsurance on losses and loss adjustment expenses (LAE) incurred:
 
Direct amount
 
Ceded to other companies
 
Assumed from other companies
 
Net amount
 
Percentage of amount - assumed to net
For the Year Ended December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Losses and LAE Incurred
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life insurance
$
38,306

 
$
22,607

 
$
443

 
$
16,142

 
2.7
%
Accident and health insurance
18,832

 
15,022

 
362

 
4,172

 
8.7
%
Property and liability insurance
225,200

 
147,290

 
52,785

 
130,695

 
40.4
%
Total losses and LAE incurred
282,338

 
184,919

 
53,590

 
151,009

 
35.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Member benefit claims (1)
 
19,672

 
 
 
Total policy and contract benefits
 
$
170,681

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Losses and LAE Incurred
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life insurance
$
36,488

 
$
21,037

 
$
886

 
$
16,337

 
5.4
%
Accident and health insurance
18,986

 
15,666

 
686

 
4,006

 
17.1
%
Property and liability insurance
227,512

 
141,184

 
28,181

 
114,509

 
24.6
%
Total losses and LAE incurred
282,986

 
177,887

 
29,753

 
134,852

 
22.1
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Member benefit claims (1)
 
17,243

 
 
 
Total policy and contract benefits
 
$
152,095

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the Year ended December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Losses and LAE Incurred
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life insurance                  
$
33,068

 
$
18,388

 
$
879

 
$
15,559

 
5.6
%
Accident and health insurance   
17,512

 
14,421

 
752

 
3,843

 
19.6
%
Property and liability insurance
198,484

 
118,262

 
8,915

 
89,137

 
10.0
%
Total losses and LAE incurred
249,064

 
151,071

 
10,546

 
108,539

 
9.7
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Member benefit claims (1)
 
15,420

 
 
 
Total policy and contract benefits
 
$
123,959

 
 

(1) Member benefit claims are not covered by reinsurance.

The following table presents the components of the reinsurance receivables:
 
As of December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Prepaid reinsurance premiums:
 
 
 
Life (1)
$
72,675

 
$
69,436

Accident and health (1)
66,393

 
61,606

Property
286,411

 
178,498

Total
425,479

 
309,540

 
 
 
 
Ceded claim reserves:
 
 
 
Life
3,350

 
3,424

Accident and health
11,065

 
11,039

Property
74,384

 
75,748

Total ceded claim reserves recoverable
88,799

 
90,211

Other reinsurance settlements recoverable
25,555

 
20,600

Reinsurance receivables (2)
$
539,833

 
$
420,351


(1) 
Including policyholder account balances ceded.
(2) 
Includes a non-cash transaction, as part of a reinsurance contract that resulted in an increase of $57,815 in reinsurance receivables, offset by a decrease of $40,295 in deferred acquisition costs and increases of $15,491 in reinsurance payables and $2,029 in deferred revenue.
 

F- 36

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


The following table presents the aggregate amount included in reinsurance receivables that is comprised of the three largest receivable balances from non-affiliated reinsurers:
 
As of
 
December 31, 2019
Total of the three largest receivable balances from non-affiliated reinsurers
$
173,183


As of December 31, 2019, the non-affiliated reinsurers from whom our insurance business has the largest receivable balances were: MFI Insurance Company, LTD (A. M. Best Rating: Not rated), Freedom Insurance Company, LTD (A. M. Best Rating: Not rated) and London Life International Reinsurance Corporation (A. M. Best Rating: Not rated). The related receivables of these reinsurers are collateralized by assets on hand, assets held in trust accounts and letters of credit. As of December 31, 2019, the Company does not believe there is a risk of loss due to the concentration of credit risk in the reinsurance program given the collateralization. On January 3, 2020, Tiptree acquired Freedom Insurance Company, LTD as part of our acquisition of Smart AutoCare. See Note (24) Subsequent Events.

(8) Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net

The following table presents identifiable finite and indefinite-lived intangible assets, accumulated amortization, and goodwill by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate:
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Other (1)
 
Total
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Other (1)
 
Total
Customer relationships
$
53,500

 
$

 
$
53,500

 
$
50,500

 
$

 
$
50,500

Accumulated amortization
(24,318
)
 

 
(24,318
)
 
(18,913
)
 

 
(18,913
)
Trade names
6,750

 
800

 
7,550

 
6,500

 
800

 
7,300

Accumulated amortization
(3,273
)
 
(360
)
 
(3,633
)
 
(2,727
)
 
(280
)
 
(3,007
)
Software licensing
8,500

 
640

 
9,140

 
8,500

 
640

 
9,140

Accumulated amortization
(8,500
)
 
(411
)
 
(8,911
)
 
(6,942
)
 
(320
)
 
(7,262
)
Insurance policies and contracts acquired
36,500

 

 
36,500

 
36,500

 

 
36,500

Accumulated amortization
(36,115
)
 

 
(36,115
)
 
(35,898
)
 

 
(35,898
)
Insurance licensing agreements(2)
14,261

 

 
14,261

 
13,761

 

 
13,761

Intangible assets, net
47,305

 
669

 
47,974

 
51,281

 
840

 
52,121

Goodwill
97,439

 
1,708

 
99,147

 
89,854

 
1,708

 
91,562

Total goodwill and intangible assets, net
$
144,744

 
$
2,377

 
$
147,121

 
$
141,135

 
$
2,548

 
$
143,683

(1) 
Other is primarily comprised of mortgage operations.
(2) 
Represents intangible assets with an indefinite useful life. Impairment tests are performed at least annually on these assets.

Goodwill

The following table presents the activity in goodwill, by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate, and includes the adjustments made to the balance of goodwill to reflect the effect of the final valuation adjustments made for acquisitions, as well as the reduction to any goodwill attributable to discontinued operations or impairment related charges:
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Other
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
89,854

 
$
1,708

 
$
91,562

Balance at December 31, 2018
$
89,854

 
$
1,708

 
$
91,562

Goodwill acquired (1)
7,585

 

 
7,585

Balance at December 31, 2019
$
97,439

 
$
1,708

 
$
99,147

 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated impairments
$

 
$
699

 
$
699


(1) 
Relates to an acquisition in our insurance business as of July 1, 2019 based on the initial valuation, and may be adjusted during the measurement period as permitted under ASC 805. See Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

The Company conducts annual impairment tests of its goodwill as of October 1. The Company’s impairment testing for each

F- 37

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


period did not indicate any goodwill impairment, as each of the Company’s reporting units with goodwill had a fair value that was substantially in excess of its carrying value. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, no impairment was recorded on the Company’s goodwill or intangibles.

Intangible Assets, net

The following table presents the activity, by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate, in finite and indefinite-lived other intangible assets and includes the adjustments made to the balance to reflect the effect of any final valuation adjustments made for acquisitions, as well as any reduction attributable to discontinued operations or impairment-related charges:
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Other
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
63,005

 
$
1,012

 
$
64,017

Intangible assets divested
(2,167
)
 

 
(2,167
)
Less: amortization expense
(9,557
)
 
(172
)
 
(9,729
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
$
51,281

 
$
840

 
$
52,121

Intangible assets acquired (1)
3,750

 

 
3,750

Less: amortization expense
(7,726
)
 
(171
)
 
(7,897
)
Balance at December 31, 2019
$
47,305

 
$
669

 
$
47,974


(1) 
Relates to an acquisition in our insurance business as of July 1, 2019 based on the initial valuation, and may be adjusted during the measurement period as permitted under ASC 805. See Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

The following table presents the amortization expense on finite-lived intangible assets for the following periods:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Amortization expense on intangible assets
$
7,897

 
$
9,729

 
$
11,409


The following table presents the amortization expense on finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate:
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
Tiptree Insurance
 
Other
 
Total
2020
$
5,150

 
$
171

 
$
5,321

2021
4,333

 
171

 
4,504

2022
3,649

 
127

 
3,776

2023
3,212

 
80

 
3,292

2024
2,664

 
80

 
2,744

2025 and thereafter
14,036

 
40

 
14,076

Total
$
33,044

 
$
669

 
$
33,713


(9) Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging

The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments as part of its overall investment and hedging activities. Derivative contracts are subject to additional risk that can result in a loss of all or part of an investment. The Company’s derivative activities are primarily classified by underlying credit risk and interest rate risk. In addition, the Company is also subject to additional counterparty risk should its counterparties fail to meet the contract terms. The derivative financial instruments are reported in other investments. Derivative liabilities are reported within other liabilities and accrued expenses.

Derivatives, at fair value
Interest Rate Lock Commitments

The Company enters into interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) with customers in connection with its mortgage banking activities to fund residential mortgage loans with certain terms at specified times in the future. IRLCs that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be classified as held-for-sale are considered derivative instruments under applicable accounting

F- 38

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


guidance. As such, these IRLCs are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value typically resulting in recognition of a gain when the Company enters into IRLCs. In estimating the fair value of an IRLC, the Company assigns a probability that the loan commitment will be exercised and the loan will be funded (“pull through”). The fair value of the commitments is derived from the fair value of related mortgage loans, net of estimated costs to complete. Outstanding IRLCs expose the Company to the risk that the price of the loans underlying the commitments might decline from inception of the rate lock to funding of the loan. To manage this risk, the Company utilizes forward delivery contracts and to be announced (TBA) mortgage backed securities to economically hedge the risk of potential changes in the value of the loans that would result from the commitments.

Forward Delivery Contracts and TBA Mortgage Backed Securities
 
The Company enters into forward delivery contracts with loan aggregators and other investors as one of the tools to manage the interest rate risk associated with IRLCs and loans held for sale. In addition, the Company enters into TBA mortgage backed securities which facilitate hedging and funding by allowing the Company to prearrange prices for mortgages that are in the process of originating. The Company utilizes these hedging instruments for Agency (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) and FHA/VA (Ginnie Mae) eligible IRLCs.

The following table presents the gross notional and fair value amounts of derivatives (on a gross basis) categorized by underlying risk:
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Notional
values
 
Asset
derivatives
 
Liability
derivatives
 
Notional
values
 
Asset
derivatives
 
Liability
derivatives
Interest rate lock commitments
$
279,048

 
$
7,336

 
$

 
$
122,477

 
$
3,460

 
$

Forward delivery contracts
87,773

 
36

 

 
41,383

 
5

 
52

TBA mortgage backed securities
235,000

 
118

 
428

 
129,000

 
39

 
824

Other
10,360

 

 
3,330

 

 

 

Total
$
612,181


$
7,490


$
3,758

 
$
292,860

 
$
3,504


$
876


Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments

The following table presents the pre-tax impact of the cash flow hedging derivative instruments on the consolidated financial statements for the following periods:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Gains (losses) recognized in AOCI on the derivative-effective portion
$

 
$
1,111

 
$
282

 
 
 
 
 
 
(Gains) losses reclassified from AOCI into income-effective portion
$

 
$
(3,845
)
 
$
184



F- 39

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


(10) Debt, net

The following table presents the balance of the Company’s debt obligations, net of discounts and deferred financing costs.
 
 
 
 
Stated interest rate or range of rates
 
Maximum borrowing capacity as of
 
As of December 31,
Debt Type
 
Stated maturity date
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Corporate debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Secured corporate credit agreements
 
April 2020 - September 2020
 
LIBOR + 1.20% to 5.50%
 
$
143,210

 
$
93,210

 
$
72,090

Junior subordinated notes
 
October 2057
 
8.50%
 
125,000

 
125,000

 
125,000

Preferred trust securities
 
June 2037
 
LIBOR + 4.10%
 
35,000

 
35,000

 
35,000

Total corporate debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
253,210

 
232,090

Asset based debt (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset based revolving financing (2)
 
April 2021
 
LIBOR + 2.40%
 
40,000

 
21,576

 
86,092

Residential mortgage warehouse borrowings (3)
 
May 2020 - August 2020
 
LIBOR + 2.00% to 2.50%
 
111,000

 
90,673

 
46,091

Vessel backed term loan
 
November 2024
 
LIBOR + 4.75%
 
18,000

 
18,000

 

Total asset based debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
130,249

 
132,183

Total debt, face value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
383,459

 
364,273

Unamortized discount, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(198
)
 
(504
)
Unamortized deferred financing costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(8,807
)
 
(9,686
)
Total debt, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
374,454

 
$
354,083


(1) 
Asset based debt is generally recourse only to specific assets and related cash flows.
(2) 
The weighted average coupon rate for asset based revolving financing was 4.16% and 4.30% at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(3) 
The weighted average coupon rate for residential mortgage warehouse borrowings was 3.83% and 4.66% at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The following table presents the amount of interest expense the Company incurred on its debt for the following periods:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Interest expense - corporate debt
$
19,682

 
$
18,162

 
$
12,838

Interest expense - asset based debt
7,377

 
8,851

 
12,759

Interest expense on debt
$
27,059

 
$
27,013

 
$
25,597


The following table presents the future maturities of the unpaid principal balance on the Company’s debt for the following period:
 
As of
 
December 31, 2019
2020
$
183,883

2021
21,576

2022

2023

2024
18,000

2025 and thereafter
160,000

Total
$
383,459


The following narrative is a summary of certain terms of our debt agreements for the period ended December 31, 2019:
Corporate Debt

Secured Corporate Credit Agreements

On May 4, 2018, the Company entered into a Fifth Amendment to the Credit Agreement with Fortress providing for an additional $47,000 borrowing for a total principal amount outstanding of $75,000 as of the borrowing date. The Fifth Amendment extends

F- 40

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


the maturity date of all term loans under the Credit Agreement from September 18, 2018 to September 18, 2020. The amended facility also has a new interest rate at a variable rate equal to one-month LIBOR with a LIBOR floor of 1.25%, plus a margin of 5.50% per annum. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, a total of $68,210 and $72,090, respectively, was outstanding under the Operating Company credit agreement.

On December 21, 2017, a subsidiary in our insurance business entered into a $30,000 revolving line of credit which bears interest at a rate equal to LIBOR rate plus 1.00% and has a $30,000 accordion feature. The facility is secured by substantially all the assets of the subsidiary and had an original maturity date of December 20, 2018, which was renewed with a new maturity date of April 28, 2019. During April 2019, the maturity date of this borrowing was extended to April 2020 with a new rate of LIBOR plus 1.20%. On December 31, 2019, the borrowing was amended to increase the revolving credit exposure to $75,000 with a sublimit of $30,000 of revolving loans and requiring that any revolving loans in excess of $30,000 be cash collateralized. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, a total of $25,000 and $0, respectively, was outstanding under this facility.

Junior Subordinated Notes

On October 16, 2017, a subsidiary in our insurance business issued $125,000 of 8.50% Fixed Rate Resetting Junior Subordinated Notes due October 2057. Substantially all of the net proceeds were used to repay the existing secured credit agreement, which was terminated thereafter. The notes are unsecured obligations of the subsidiary and rank in right of payment and upon liquidation, junior to all of the subsidiary’s current and future senior indebtedness. The notes are not obligations of or guaranteed by any subsidiaries of the subsidiary, or any other Tiptree entities. So long as no event of default has occurred and is continuing, all or part of the interest payments on the notes can be deferred on one or more occasions for up to five consecutive years per deferral period. This credit agreement contains customary financial covenants that require, among other items, maximum leverage and limitations on restricted payments under certain circumstances.

Preferred Trust Securities

A subsidiary in our insurance business has $35,000 of preferred trust securities due June 15, 2037. Interest is payable quarterly at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 4.10%. The Company may redeem the preferred trust securities, in whole or in part, at a price equal to the full outstanding principal amount of such preferred trust securities outstanding plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Asset Based Debt

Asset Backed Revolving Financing

As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, a total of $9,840 and $4,749, respectively, was outstanding under the borrowing related to our premium finance business in our insurance business. During April 2019, the maturity date of this borrowing was extended to April 2021 with a new rate of LIBOR plus 2.40%. On December 30, 2019, the maximum borrowing capacity of this borrowing was reduced from $25,000 to $13,000.

On August 5, 2019, a subsidiary in our insurance business entered into a $15,000 revolving line of credit agreement related to our warranty service contract finance business. The borrowing has a maturity date of April 28, 2021 and a rate of LIBOR plus 2.40%. On December 30, 2019, the maximum borrowing capacity of this borrowing was increased from $15,000 to $27,000. As of December 31, 2019, a total of $11,736 was outstanding under the borrowing.

The $81,343 balance as of December 31, 2018 of the corporate loan financing agreement in our insurance business was paid off and the borrowing was extinguished in March 2019.

Residential Mortgage Warehouse Borrowings

The Company, through a subsidiary in its mortgage business has three warehouse borrowings with a total borrowing capacity
at December 31, 2019 of $111,000. Such warehouse facilities are recourse to the assets of the subsidiary and are secured by liens on cash escrow and the loans held for sale in the warehouse. These credit agreements contain customary financial covenants that require, among other items, minimum amounts of tangible net worth, profitability, maximum indebtedness ratios, and minimum liquid assets. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, a total of $90,673 and $46,091, respectively, was outstanding under such financing agreements.


F- 41

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


Vessel Backed Term Loan

On November 28, 2019, subsidiaries in our shipping business entered into a $18,000 term loan facility. Amounts borrowed under the facility are not allowed to be reborrowed. The borrowing has a maturity date of November 28, 2024 and a rate of LIBOR plus 4.75%, with quarterly principal payments of $550. This facility is secured by liens on two of our vessels as well as the assets of the borrowing entities and their parent guarantor. This credit agreement contains customary financial covenants that require, among other items, minimum liquidity, positive working capital, minimum required security coverage ratio of 150%, and the existence of a maintenance reserve account funded on a quarterly basis prior to anticipated scheduled drydocking costs. As of December 31, 2019, a total of $18,000 was outstanding under the borrowing.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company is in compliance with the representations and covenants for outstanding borrowings or has obtained waivers for any events of non-compliance.

(11) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible to measure a financial instrument’s fair value. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, and are affected by the type of product, whether the product is traded on an active exchange or in the secondary market, as well as current market conditions. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Fair value is estimated by applying the hierarchy discussed in Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s fair value measurement is based primarily on a market approach, which utilizes prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable financial instruments. Sources of inputs to the market approach include third party pricing services, independent broker quotations and pricing matrices. Management analyzes the third party valuation methodologies and its related inputs to perform assessments to determine the appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy and to assess reliability of values. Further, management has a process in place to review all changes in fair value that occurred during each measurement period. Any discrepancies or unusual observations are followed through to resolution through the source of the pricing as well as utilizing comparisons, if applicable, to alternate pricing sources. In addition, the Company utilizes an income approach to measure the fair value of NPLs, as discussed below.

The Company utilizes observable and unobservable inputs within its valuation methodologies. Observable inputs may include: benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data. In addition, specific issuer information and other market data is used. Broker quotes are obtained from sources recognized to be market participants. Unobservable inputs may include: expected cash flow streams, default rates, supply and demand considerations and market volatility.

Available for Sale Securities, at fair value

Available for sale securities fair values are based on prices provided by an independent pricing service and a third party investment manager. The Company obtains an understanding of the methods, models and inputs used by the independent pricing service and the third party investment manager by analyzing the investment manager-provided pricing report.

The following details the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of AFS securities and the applicable level each security falls within the fair value hierarchy:

U.S Treasury Securities, Obligations of U.S. Government Authorities and Agencies, Obligations of State and Political Subdivisions, Corporate Securities, Asset Backed Securities, and Obligations of Foreign Governments: Fair values were obtained from an independent pricing service and a third party investment manager. The prices provided by the independent pricing service and third party investment manager are based on quoted market prices, when available, non-binding broker quotes, or matrix pricing and fall under Level 2 or Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

F- 42

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)



Certificates of Deposit: The estimated fair value of certificates of deposit approximate carrying value and fall under Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Equity Securities

The fair values of publicly traded common and preferred stocks are obtained from market value quotations provided by an independent pricing service and fall under Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair values of non-publicly traded common and preferred stocks are based on prices obtained from an independent pricing service using unobservable inputs and fall under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s investment in Invesque was subject to certain contractual and functional sale restrictions. As of December 31, 2018, the fair value of the Invesque shares was based on the market price adjusted for the impact of these restrictions, and was classified under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2019, these restrictions are no longer applicable and the shares are classified under Level 1.

Loans, at fair value

Corporate Loans: These loans are comprised of a diversified portfolio of middle market and broadly syndicated leveraged loans and are generally classified under either Level 2 or Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. To determine fair value, the Company uses quoted prices which include those provided from pricing vendors, where available. We perform internal price verification procedures to ensure that the prices and quotes provided from the independent pricing vendors are reasonable. Such verification procedures include comparison of pricing sources and analysis of variances among pricing sources. The Company has evaluated each loan’s respective liquidity and has additionally performed valuation benchmarking. The key characteristics which were evaluated as part of this determination were liquidity ratings, price changes to index benchmarks, depth of quotes, credit ratings and industry trends.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale: Mortgage loans held for sale are generally classified under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy and fair value is based upon forward sales contracts with third party investors, including estimated loan costs, and reserves.

Nonperforming Loans and REO: The Company determines the purchase price for NPLs at the time of acquisition and for each subsequent valuation by using a discounted cash flow valuation model and considering alternate loan resolution probabilities, including modification, liquidation, or conversion to REO. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of our NPLs are discount rates, loan resolution timeline, and the value of underlying properties. The fair values of NPLs which are making payments (generally based on a modification or a workout plan) are primarily based upon secondary market transaction prices, which are expressed as a percentage of unpaid principal balance (UPB). Observable inputs to the model include loan amounts, payment history, and property types. Our NPLs are on nonaccrual status at the time of purchase as it is probable that principal or interest is not fully collectible. NPLs are included in loans, at fair value and fall under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

NPLs that have become REOs were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at the time of transfer during the year ended December 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018. The carrying value of REOs at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $2,188 and $10,019, respectively. Upon conversion to REO, the fair value is estimated using a broker price opinion (BPO). BPOs are subject to judgments of a particular broker formed by visiting a property, assessing general home values in an area, reviewing comparable listings, and reviewing comparable completed sales. These judgments may vary among brokers and may fluctuate over time based on housing market activities and the influx of additional comparable listings and sales. REO is included in other investments. Subsequent to conversion, REOs are carried at lower of cost or market.

Derivative Assets and Liabilities

Derivatives are primarily comprised of IRLCs, forward delivery contracts and TBA mortgage backed securities. The fair value of these instruments is based upon valuation pricing models, which represent the amount the Company would expect to receive or pay at the balance sheet date to exit the position. Our mortgage origination subsidiaries issue IRLCs to their customers, which are carried at estimated fair value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The estimated fair values of these commitments are generally calculated by reference to the value of the underlying loan associated with the IRLC net of costs to produce and an expected fall out assumption. The fair values of these commitments generally fall under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Our mortgage origination subsidiaries manage their exposure by entering into forward delivery commitments with loan investors.

F- 43

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


For loans not locked with investors under a forward delivery commitment, the Company enters into hedge instruments, primarily TBAs, to protect against movements in interest rates. The fair values of TBA mortgage backed securities and forward delivery contracts generally fall under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Corporate Bonds

Corporate bonds are generally classified under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy and fair value is provided by a third party investment manager, based on quoted market prices. We perform internal price verification procedures to ensure that the prices provided are reasonable.

The following tables present the Company’s fair value hierarchies for financial assets and liabilities, measured on a recurring basis:
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
Quoted prices in
 active markets
Level 1
 
 Other significant
 observable inputs
 Level 2
 
 Significant unobservable inputs
Level 3
 
Fair value
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available for sale securities, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies
$

 
$
191,590

 
$

 
$
191,590

Obligations of state and political subdivisions

 
46,338

 

 
46,338

Obligations of foreign governments

 
1,119

 

 
1,119

Certificates of deposit
896

 

 

 
896

Asset backed securities

 
42,833

 
1,185

 
44,018

Corporate securities

 
51,231

 

 
51,231

Total available for sale securities, at fair value
896

 
333,111

 
1,185

 
335,192

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans, at fair value:

 


 


 


Corporate loans

 

 
9,787

 
9,787

Mortgage loans held for sale

 
98,720

 

 
98,720

Non-performing loans

 

 
387

 
387

Total loans, at fair value


98,720


10,174


108,894

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
155,135

 

 
243

 
155,378

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other investments, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate bonds

 
20,705

 

 
20,705

Derivative assets

 
154

 
7,336

 
7,490

CLOs

 

 
4,768

 
4,768

Total other investments, at fair value

 
20,859

 
12,104

 
32,963

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
$
156,031


$
452,690


$
23,706


$
632,427

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities (included in other liabilities and accrued expenses)
$


$
3,758


$


$
3,758

Total
$


$
3,758


$


$
3,758



F- 44

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Quoted
prices in
 active
markets
Level 1
 
 Other significant
 observable inputs
 Level 2
 
 Significant unobservable inputs
Level 3
 
Fair value
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available for sale securities, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies
$

 
$
71,748

 
$

 
$
71,748

Obligations of state and political subdivisions

 
67,446

 

 
67,446

Obligations of foreign governments

 
6,751

 

 
6,751

Certificates of deposit
1,241

 

 

 
1,241

Asset backed securities

 
39,144

 
1,508

 
40,652

Corporate securities

 
95,725

 

 
95,725

Total available for sale securities, at fair value
1,241


280,814


1,508


283,563

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate loans

 
22,697

 
108,213

 
130,910

Mortgage loans held for sale

 
56,917

 

 
56,917

Non-performing loans

 

 
27,556

 
27,556

Total loans, at fair value


79,614


135,769


215,383

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
9,323

 
113,138

 
518

 
122,979

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other investments, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative assets

 
44

 
3,460

 
3,504

CLOs

 

 
5,027

 
5,027

Total other investments, at fair value

 
44

 
8,487

 
8,531

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
$
10,564


$
473,610


$
146,282


$
630,456

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities (included in other liabilities and accrued expenses)
$


$
876


$


$
876

Total
$


$
876


$


$
876

The following table presents additional information about assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value for the following periods:    
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019 (1)
 
2018 (1)
Balance at January 1,
$
146,282

 
$
162,666

Net realized gains (losses)
3,733

 
521

Net unrealized gains (losses)
(4,356
)
 
(4,123
)
Origination of IRLC
77,082

 
49,067

Purchases
153

 
65,661

Sales
(123,497
)
 
(71,282
)
Issuances
111

 
373

Transfers into Level 3 (1)

 
12,748

Transfer adjustments (out of) Level 3 (1)

 
(11,567
)
Conversions to real estate owned
(2,596
)
 
(7,367
)
Conversions to mortgage loans held for sale
(73,206
)
 
(50,415
)
Balance at December 31,
$
23,706

 
$
146,282

 
 
 
 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to assets still held at period end
$
(5,596
)
 
$
(2,971
)

(1)
All transfers are deemed to occur at end of period. Transfers between Level 2 and 3 were a result of subjecting third party pricing on assets to various liquidity, depth, bid-ask spread and benchmarking criteria as well as assessing the availability of observable inputs affecting their fair valuation.



F- 45

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


The following is quantitative information about Level 3 assets with significant unobservable inputs used in fair valuation.
 
Fair Value as of
December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
Actual or Range
(Weighted average)
Assets
2019
 
2018
 
Valuation technique
 
Unobservable input(s)
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
IRLCs
$
7,336

 
$
3,460

 
Internal model
 
Pull through rate
 
50% - 95%
 
50% - 95%
NPLs
387

 
27,556

 
Discounted cash flow (1)
 
See table below (1) (2)
 
N/A
 
See table below
Total
$
7,723

 
$
31,016

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1) 
As of December 31, 2019, there was one NPL remaining, which is making payments. The value as of December 31, 2019 is based on the expected sale price into the secondary market.
(2) 
Significant changes in any of these inputs in isolation could result in a significant change to the fair value measurement. A decline in the discount rate in isolation would increase the fair value. A decrease in the housing pricing index in isolation would decrease the fair value. Individual loan characteristics, such as location and value of underlying collateral, affect the loan resolution timeline. An increase in the loan resolution timeline in isolation would decrease the fair value. A decrease in the value of underlying properties in isolation would decrease the fair value.

The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used to measure the fair value of our NPLs. For NPLs that are not making payments, discount rate, loan resolution time-line, value of underlying properties, holding costs and liquidation costs are the primary inputs used to measure fair value. For NPLs that are making payments, note rate and secondary market transaction prices/UPB are the primary inputs used to measure fair value. As of December 31, 2019, there was one NPL remaining, which is making payments. The value as of December 31, 2019 is based on the expected sale price into the secondary market.
 
 
As of December 31, 2018
Unobservable inputs
 
High
 
Low
 
Average(1)
Discount rate
 
30.0%
 
16.0%
 
23.6%
Loan resolution time-line (Years)
 
2.1
 
0.6
 
1.2
Value of underlying properties
 
$1,780
 
$55
 
$383
Holding costs
 
14.7%
 
5.0%
 
6.9%
Liquidation costs
 
14.2%
 
8.4%
 
9.2%
Note rate
 
6.0%
 
3.0%
 
4.9%
Secondary market transaction prices/UPB
 
88.3%
 
74.5%
 
83.3%

(1) 
Weighted based on value of underlying properties.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities that are not recorded at fair value and their respective levels within the fair value hierarchy:
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Level within
fair value
hierarchy
 
Fair value
 
Carrying value
 
Level within
fair value
hierarchy
 
Fair value
 
Carrying value
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debentures (1)
2
 
$
15,423

 
$
15,423

 
2
 
$
5,134

 
$
5,134

Notes and accounts receivable, net
2
 
42,192

 
42,192

 
2
 
13,057

 
13,057

Total assets
 
 
$
57,615

 
$
57,615

 
 
 
$
18,191

 
$
18,191

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt, net
3
 
$
396,699

 
$
383,261

 
3
 
$
363,769

 
$
363,769

Total liabilities
 
 
$
396,699

 
$
383,261

 
 
 
$
363,769

 
$
363,769

(1) 
Included in other investments.

Debentures: Since interest rates on debentures are at current market rates for similar credit risks, the carrying amount approximates fair value. These values are net of allowance for doubtful accounts.


F- 46

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


Notes and Accounts Receivable: To the extent that carrying amounts differ from fair value, fair value is determined based on contractual cash flows discounted at market rates for similar credits. Categorized under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Debt: The carrying value, which approximates fair value of LIBOR based debt, represents the total debt balance at face value excluding the unamortized discount. The fair value of the Junior subordinated notes is determined based on dealer quotes. Categorized under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Additionally, the following financial assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets are not carried at fair value, but whose carrying amounts approximate their fair value:

Cash and Cash Equivalents: The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair value. Categorized under Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

Accounts and Premiums Receivable, net, Retrospective Commissions Receivable and Other Receivables: The carrying amounts approximate fair value since no interest rate is charged on these short duration assets. Categorized under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note (6) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net.

Due from Brokers, Dealers, and Trustees and Due to Brokers, Dealers and Trustees: The carrying amounts are included in other assets and other liabilities and accrued expenses and approximate their fair value due to their short term nature. Categorized under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.


F- 47

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


(12) Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

The following tables present undiscounted information about incurred and paid claims development as of December 31, 2019, net of reinsurance, as well as cumulative claim frequency and the total of IBNR liabilities plus expected development on reported claims included within the net incurred claims amounts. This information is presented in the aggregate for all short duration contracts, due to the commonality of claims characteristics. The tables reflect three years of information because historically over 95% of incurred losses have been paid within three years of the accident period.

Roll forward of Claim Liability

The following table presents the activity in the net liability for unpaid losses and allocated loss adjustment expenses of short duration contracts for the following periods:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Policy liabilities and unpaid claims balance as of January 1,
$
131,611

 
$
112,003

     Less: liabilities of policy-holder accounts balances, gross
(13,659
)
 
(15,474
)
     Less: non-insurance warranty benefit claim liabilities
(94
)
 
(58
)
Gross liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
117,858

 
96,471

     Less: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses - short duration
(90,016
)
 
(73,778
)
     Less: other lines, gross
(227
)
 
(224
)
Net balance as of January 1, short duration
27,615

 
22,469

 
 
 
 
Incurred (short duration) related to:
 
 
 
     Current year
144,925

 
129,352

     Prior years
5,169

 
2,509

Total incurred
150,094

 
131,861

 
 
 
 
Paid (short duration) related to:
 
 
 
     Current year
122,348

 
105,740

     Prior years
11,480

 
20,975

Total paid
133,828

 
126,715

 
 
 
 
Net balance as of December 31, short duration
43,881

 
27,615

     Plus: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses - short duration
88,599

 
90,016

     Plus: other lines, gross
230

 
227

Gross liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
132,710

 
117,858

     Plus: liabilities of policy-holder accounts balances, gross
11,589

 
13,659

     Plus: non-insurance warranty benefit claim liabilities
85

 
94

Policy liabilities and unpaid claims balance as of December 31,
$
144,384

 
$
131,611


The following schedule reconciles the total short duration contracts per the table above to the amount of total losses incurred as presented in the consolidated statement of operations, excluding the amount for member benefit claims:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Short duration incurred
$
150,094

 
$
131,861

 
$
106,653

Other lines incurred
184

 
124

 
123

Unallocated loss adjustment expense
731

 
2,867

 
1,763

Total losses incurred
$
151,009

 
$
134,852

 
$
108,539

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company’s insurance business experienced an increase in prior year case development of $5,169, primarily from its non-standard auto business.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company’s insurance business experienced an increase in prior year case development of $2,509, primarily from its non-standard auto business.

Incurred and Paid Development
The following table presents information about incurred and paid loss development and average claim duration as of December 31,

F- 48

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


2019, net of reinsurance, as well as cumulative claim frequency and the total of IBNR liabilities plus expected development on reported claims included within the net incurred claims amounts. The cumulative number of reported claims represents open claims, claims closed with payment, and claims closed without payment. It does not include an estimated count of unreported claims. The number of claims is measured by claim event. The Company considers a claim that does not result in a liability as a claim closed without payment.
Incurred Losses and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
Total of IBNR Liabilities Plus Expected Development of Reported Claims
 
Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
Accident Year
2017
(Unaudited)
2018
(Unaudited)
2019
 
 
2017
$
103,306

$
104,898

$
105,601

 
$
305

 
326

2018
 
129,352

133,225

 
$
2,930

 
397

2019
 
 
144,925

 
$
34,344

 
313

 
 
Total

$
383,751

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cumulative Paid Losses and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
 
 
 
 
Accident Year
2017
(Unaudited)
2018
(Unaudited)
2019
 
 
 
 
2017
$
84,493

$
102,620

$
105,075

 
 
 
 
2018
 
105,740

112,619

 
 
 
 
2019
 
 
122,348

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total

$
340,042

 
 
 
 
All outstanding liabilities before 2017, net of reinsurance
172

 
 
 
 
Liabilities for loss and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance
$
43,881

 
 
 
 

Duration
The following table presents supplementary information about average historical claims duration as of December 31, 2019 for short duration contracts:
Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance
Years
1
2
3
Short duration
81.3%
11.2%
2.3%

Reconciliation of Reserves to Balance Sheet
The following table presents a reconciliation of net outstanding liabilities for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses of short duration contracts to the consolidated balance sheet value of policy liabilities and unpaid claims:
 
As of
 
December 31, 2019
Net outstanding liabilities:
 
Short duration
$
43,881

Insurance lines other than short duration
30

Total liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance
43,911

 
 
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses:
 
Short duration
88,599

Other insurance lines
200

Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
88,799


 
Total gross liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
132,710

Liabilities of policy-holder accounts balances, gross
11,589

Non-insurance warranty benefit claim liabilities
85

Total policy liabilities and unpaid claims
$
144,384


F- 49

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)



(13) Revenue From Contracts with Customers

Revenue from contracts with customers is primarily comprised of asset management fee income included as a part of other revenue, vessel related revenue included as a part of other revenue, and warranty coverage, motor club and other revenues included as a part of service and administrative fees in our insurance business. The following table presents the disaggregated amounts of revenue from contracts with customers by product type for the following periods:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Motor club revenue
$
36,076

 
$
32,242

 
$
31,501

Warranty coverage revenue
27,597

 
26,058

 
18,385

Vessel related revenue
16,747

 
3,972

 

Management fee income
1,267

 
6,694

 
8,314

Other
7,317

 
7,840

 
7,987

Revenue from contracts with customers
$
89,004

 
$
76,806

 
$
66,187


Service and Administrative Fees
Service fee revenue is recognized as the services are performed. These services include fulfillment, software development, and claims handling for our customers. Management reviews the financial results under each significant contract on a monthly basis. Any losses that may occur due to a specific contract would be recognized in the period in which the loss is determined probable.

Administrative fee revenue includes the administration of premium associated with our producers and their producer owned reinsurance companies (PORCs). In addition, we also earn fee revenue from debt cancellation programs, motor club programs, and warranty programs. Related administrative fee revenue is recognized consistent with the earnings recognition pattern of the underlying insurance policies, debt cancellation contracts and motor club memberships being administered, using Rule of 78's, modified Rule of 78's, pro rata, or other methods as appropriate for the contract. Management selects the appropriate method based on available information, and periodically reviews the selections as additional information becomes available.

Information on Remaining Performance Obligations
We do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less. The transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations with an original expected duration exceeding one year was not material at December 31, 2019.

Contract Balances
The timing of our revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment by our customers. We record a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment and we have an unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the provision of the related services, we record deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied.

Charter Revenue
The Company generates its revenues from charterers for the charter hire of its vessels. Vessels are chartered under time or voyage charters, where a contract is entered into for the use of a vessel for a specific voyage or a specific period of time and at a specified daily charter rate. Charter revenues are recognized as earned on the straight-line basis over the term of the charter as service is provided.
 
Revenue is recognized when a charter agreement exists, the vessel is made available to the charterer and collection of the related revenue is reasonably assured. Unearned revenue includes revenue received prior to the balance sheet date relating to services to be rendered after the balance sheet date.

Management Fees
The Company earned management fee income in the form of base management fees and incentive fees from the CLOs it managed. These base management fees were billed as the services were provided and paid periodically in accordance with the terms of the individual management agreements for as long as the Company managed the funds. Base management fees typically consisted of fees based on the amount of assets held in the CLOs. Base management fees were recognized as revenue when earned. The Company did not recognize incentive fees until all contractual contingencies were removed.


F- 50

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


The following table presents the activity in the significant deferred assets and liabilities related to revenue from contracts with customers for the year ended December 31, 2019.
 
January 1, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
Beginning balance
 
Additions
 
Amortizations
 
Ending balance
Deferred acquisition costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Motor club revenue
$
12,189

 
$
28,944

 
$
27,433

 
$
13,700

Warranty coverage revenue
1,274

 
696

 
943

 
1,027

Total
$
13,463

 
$
29,640

 
$
28,376

 
$
14,727

Deferred revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Motor club revenue
$
16,128

 
$
37,858

 
$
36,076

 
$
17,910

Warranty coverage revenue
39,835

 
37,130

 
27,597

 
49,368

Total
$
55,963

 
$
74,988

 
$
63,673

 
$
67,278


Write-offs were not material for any period presented.

(14) Other Assets and Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

Other Assets

The following table presents the components of other assets as reported in the consolidated balance sheets:
 
As of December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Right of use asset - Operating leases (1)
$
23,832

 
$

Furniture, fixtures and equipment, net
12,305

 
6,122

Prepaid expenses
8,461

 
7,351

Subsidiary sale receivable (2)
625

 
10,676

Other
23,287

 
21,885

Total other assets
$
68,510


$
46,034


(1) 
See Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Recent Accounting Standards and Note (20) Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.
(2) 
Related to the gain contingency on sale of Care recorded in December 2018. $10,051 was received in cash in 2019. The remaining amount is expected to be paid off by 2021. See Note (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.

The following table presents the depreciation expense related to furniture, fixtures and equipment for the following periods:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Depreciation expense related to furniture, fixtures and equipment
$
2,753

 
$
1,984

 
$
2,555


Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

The following table presents the components of other liabilities and accrued expenses as reported in the consolidated balance sheets:
 
As of December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
$
68,829

 
$
63,755

Operating lease liability(1)
29,491

 

Deferred tax liabilities, net
32,306

 
25,433

Commissions payable
9,179

 
11,076

Other
32,335

 
23,926

Total other liabilities and accrued expenses
$
172,140

 
$
124,190


(1) 
See Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Recent Accounting Standards and Note (20) Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.


F- 51

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


(15) Other Revenue, Other Expenses and Other Income

Other Revenue

The following table presents the components of other revenue as reported in the consolidated statement of operations. Other revenue is primarily generated by Tiptree Capital’s non-insurance activities except as noted in the footnote to the table.
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Other investment income (1)
$
45,985

 
$
25,541

 
$
26,261

Gain on sale of businesses (2)
7,598

 

 
1,994

Management fee income
1,267

 
6,694

 
8,314

Other (3)
5,038

 
5,827

 
5,706

Total other revenue
$
59,888

 
$
38,062

 
$
42,275


(1) 
See Note (5) Investments for the components of Other investment income.
(2) 
Related to the sale of Telos and our commercial lending business, for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2017, respectively. See Note (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
(3) 
Includes $4,566, $2,554 and $3,552 related to Tiptree Insurance for the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Other Expenses

The following table presents the components of other expenses as reported in the consolidated statement of operations:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Professional fees
$
20,820

 
$
15,216

 
$
16,245

General and administrative
18,563

 
16,218

 
14,800

Premium taxes
15,205

 
14,026

 
11,658

Mortgage origination expenses
12,200

 
8,857

 
8,822

Rent and related
12,642

 
11,114

 
10,379

Operating expenses from vessels
9,781

 
3,777

 

Loss on extinguishment of debt
1,241

 
428

 
1,163

Other
9,292

 
8,265

 
11,372

Total other expenses
$
99,744

 
$
77,901

 
$
74,439


Other Income

The CLOs are considered variable interest entities (VIE) and the Company consolidates entities when it is determined to be the primary beneficiary under current VIE accounting guidance.

The following table represents revenue and expenses of the consolidated CLOs included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the periods indicated:

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017 (1)
Income:
 
 
 
 
 
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
$

 
$

 
$
2,364

Interest income

 

 
22,539

Total income

 

 
24,903

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense

 

 
13,386

Other expense

 

 
1,060

Total expense

 

 
14,446

Net income (loss) attributable to consolidated CLOs
$

 
$

 
$
10,457


(1) 
In 2017, the Company exited all consolidated CLOs. The operations of the CLOs were consolidated in the results of the Company through the redemption date. See Note (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.

F- 52

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)



As summarized in the table below, the application of the measurement alternative results in the consolidated net income summarized above to be equivalent to the Company’s own economic interests in the CLOs which are eliminated upon consolidation:

Economic interests:
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Distributions received
$

 
$

 
$
5,757

Realized and unrealized gains on subordinated notes held by the Company, net

 

 
3,559

Total

 

 
9,316

Management fee income

 

 
1,141

Total economic interests
$

 
$

 
$
10,457


(16) Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Repurchases

On May 2, 2019, the Board of Directors replenished the Company’s authorization to make repurchases of up to $20.0 million of shares of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock in the aggregate, at the discretion of the Company's Executive Committee. The shares purchased during the first quarter of 2019 were purchased under a previous authorization. The following table presents the Company’s stock repurchase activity and remaining authorization.
 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
 
Number of shares purchased
 
Average price per share
Share repurchase programs
60,421

 
$
5.86

Block repurchase program
1,412,309

 
6.18

Total
1,472,730

 
6.17

 
 
 
 
Remaining repurchase authorization
 
 
$
20,000


Dividends

The Company declared cash dividends per share for the following periods presented below:
 
Dividends per share for the
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
First quarter
$
0.040

 
$
0.035

 
$
0.030

Second quarter
0.040

 
0.035

 
0.030

Third quarter
0.040

 
0.035

 
0.030

Fourth quarter(1)
0.040

 
0.035

 
0.030

Total cash dividends declared
$
0.160

 
$
0.140

 
$
0.120


(1) 
See Note (24) Subsequent Events for when dividend was declared.

Reorganization Merger

On April 10, 2018, the Company completed a reorganization merger whereby TFP merged with and into the Company with the Company continuing as the surviving company (Reorganization Merger). After the Reorganization Merger, TFP ceased to exist and the Company owned 100% of Operating Company. As a result of the merger, the balance of Non-controlling interest - TFP as of the merger date was allocated to Additional paid in capital and Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), as detailed in the consolidated statement of changes in stockholders’ equity.

In connection with the Reorganization Merger, each TFP limited partner other than Tiptree received 2.798 shares of Class A common stock for each partnership unit, 6,861,561 Class A common shares were issued, and all outstanding Class B common

F- 53

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


stock was canceled. Outstanding warrants to acquire 652,500 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.33 per share owned by TFP were canceled. In addition, warrants to acquire 103,994 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.33 were issued to partners of TFP other than Tiptree, and expired unexercised on December 31, 2018. Warrants to acquire 805,986 TFP LP units at $21.232 per unit were canceled and Tiptree issued warrants for 2,255,149 Tiptree shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $7.59 per share to holders of the canceled TFP warrants.

On April 16, 2018, the Company canceled 5,035,977 shares of Class A common stock held by a subsidiary of the Company, which had no effect on total Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity.

At the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company held on June 6, 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment and restatement (the Amendment) to the Fourth Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Company (as amended by the Amendment, the Fifth A&R Charter) to remove all references to the Company’s Class B common stock as well as other ministerial changes, including changing the name of our Class A common stock to Common Stock. The Amendment was filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland on June 7, 2018.

Statutory Reporting and Insurance Company Subsidiaries Dividend Restrictions

The Company’s U.S. insurance subsidiaries prepare financial statements in accordance with Statutory Accounting Principles (SAP) prescribed or permitted by the insurance departments of their states of domicile. Prescribed SAP includes the Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (the NAIC) as well as state laws, regulations and administrative rules.

Statutory capital, surplus and net income

The following table presents the combined statutory capital and surplus of the Company's U.S. domiciled insurance company subsidiaries and the required minimum statutory capital and surplus, as required by the laws of the states in which they are domiciled for the following periods:
 
As of December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Combined statutory capital and surplus of the Company's insurance company subsidiaries
$
134,179

 
$
131,859

 
 
 
 
Required minimum statutory capital and surplus
$
17,950

 
$
17,950


Under the National Association of Insurance Commissioners Risk-Based Capital Act of 1995, a company's Risk-Based Capital (RBC) is calculated by applying certain risk factors to various asset, claim and reserve items. If a company's adjusted surplus falls below calculated RBC thresholds, regulatory intervention or oversight is required. The Company's U.S. domiciled insurance company subsidiaries' RBC levels, as calculated in accordance with the NAIC’s RBC instructions, exceeded all RBC thresholds as of December 31, 2019.

The following table presents the statutory net income of the Company’s U.S. domiciled statutory insurance companies for the following periods:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net income of statutory insurance companies
$
8,444

 
$
13,986

 
$
9,135


The Company also has a foreign insurance subsidiary that is not subject to SAP. The statutory capital and surplus amounts and statutory net income presented above do not include the foreign insurance subsidiary in accordance with SAP.

Statutory Dividends

The Company's U.S. domiciled insurance company subsidiaries may pay dividends to the Company, subject to statutory restrictions. Payments in excess of statutory restrictions (extraordinary dividends) to the Company are permitted only with prior approval of the insurance department of the applicable state of domicile. The Company eliminates all dividends from its subsidiaries in the consolidated financial statements. The following table presents the dividends paid to the Company by its U.S domiciled insurance company subsidiaries and the combined amount available for ordinary dividends of the Company's U.S. domiciled insurance company subsidiaries for the following periods:

F- 54

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


 
For the Year Ended
December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Ordinary dividends
$
9,001

 
$

Extraordinary dividends
1,188

 

Total dividends
$
10,189

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Amount available for ordinary dividends of the Company's insurance company subsidiaries
4,527

 
13,532


At December 31, 2019, the maximum amount of dividends that our U.S. domiciled regulated insurance company subsidiaries could pay under applicable laws and regulations without regulatory approval was approximately $4,527. The Company may seek regulatory approval to pay dividends in excess of this permitted amount, but there can be no assurance that the Company would receive regulatory approval if sought.

(17) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents the activity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI), net of tax, for the following periods:
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on
 
Amount attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
Available for sale securities
 
Interest rate swaps
 
Total AOCI (loss)
 
TFP
 
Other
 
Total AOCI (loss) to Tiptree Inc.
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
(700
)
 
$
1,759

 
$
1,059

 
$
(128
)
 
$
(376
)
 
$
555

Other comprehensive income (losses) before reclassifications
522

 
190

 
712

 
(94
)
 
(50
)
 
568

Amounts reclassified from AOCI
(282
)
 
125

 
(157
)
 

 

 
(157
)
Period change
240

 
315

 
555

 
(94
)
 
(50
)
 
411

Balance at December 31, 2017
$
(460
)
 
$
2,074

 
$
1,614

 
$
(222
)
 
$
(426
)
 
$
966

Other comprehensive income (losses) before reclassifications
(2,257
)
 
835

 
(1,422
)
 
61

 
211

 
(1,150
)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
648

 

 
648

 

 

 
648

Reclassification of AOCI - interest rate swaps (1)

 
(2,909
)
 
(2,909
)
 
502

 
226

 
(2,181
)
Reorganization merger

 

 

 
(341
)
 

 
(341
)
Period change
(1,609
)
 
(2,074
)
 
(3,683
)
 
222

 
437

 
(3,024
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
$
(2,069
)
 
$

 
$
(2,069
)
 
$

 
$
11

 
$
(2,058
)
Other comprehensive income (losses) before reclassifications
4,911

 

 
4,911

 

 
(24
)
 
4,887

Amounts reclassified from AOCI
(1,032
)
 

 
(1,032
)
 

 

 
(1,032
)
Period change
3,879

 

 
3,879

 

 
(24
)
 
3,855

Adoption of accounting standard (2)
(99
)
 

 
(99
)
 

 

 
(99
)
Balance at December 31, 2019
$
1,711

 
$

 
$
1,711

 
$

 
$
(13
)
 
$
1,698


(1) 
Relates to the sale of Care. See Note (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
(2) 
Amounts reclassified to retained earnings due to adoption of ASU 2018-02. See Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.


F- 55

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


The following table presents the reclassification adjustments out of AOCI included in net income and the impacted line items on the consolidated statement of operations for the following periods:
 
Year Ended December 31,
Affected line item in consolidated statement of operations
Components of AOCI
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities
$
1,312

 
$
(819
)
 
$
435

Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Related tax (expense) benefit
(280
)
 
171

 
(153
)
Provision for income tax
Net of tax
$
1,032

 
$
(648
)
 
$
282


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps
$

 
$

 
$
(184
)
Interest expense
Reclassification of AOCI - interest rate swaps (1)

 
3,845

 

Gain on sale of discontinued operations
Related tax (expense) benefit

 
(936
)
 
59

Provision for income tax
Net of tax
$

 
$
2,909

 
$
(125
)


(1) 
Relates to the sale of Care. See Note (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.

(18) Stock Based Compensation

Equity Plans

2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan
The Tiptree 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2013 Equity Plan) was adopted on August 8, 2013. On June 6, 2017, the 7,359 remaining shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the 2013 Equity Plan was rolled into the 2017 Equity Plan and the 2013 Equity Plan was simultaneously terminated.

2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan
The Company adopted the Tiptree 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2017 Equity Plan) on June 6, 2017, which permits the grant of stock units, stock, and stock options up to a maximum of 6,100,000 shares of Common Stock. The general purpose of the 2017 Equity Plan is to attract, motivate and retain selected employees and directors for the Company and its subsidiaries, to provide them with incentives and rewards for performance and to better align their interests with the interests of the Company’s stockholders. Unless otherwise extended, the 2017 Equity Plan terminates automatically on June 6, 2027. The table below summarizes changes to the issuances under the Company’s 2017 Equity Plan for the periods indicated, excluding awards granted under the Company’s subsidiary incentive plans that are exchangeable for Tiptree Common Stock:
2013 Equity Plan
Number of shares (1)
Available for issuance as of December 31, 2016
961,650

Awards granted
(954,291
)
Awards rolled into 2017 Equity Plan
(7,359
)
Available for issuance as of December 31, 2017

 
 
2017 Equity Plan
 
Available for issuance as of December 31, 2016

Available from 2017 Equity Plan (1) (2)
6,100,000

Awards granted
(82,988
)
Available for issuance as of December 31, 2017
6,017,012

RSU and option awards granted
(558,034
)
Forfeited
15,236

Available for issuance as of December 31, 2018
5,474,214

RSU and option awards granted
(702,264
)
Forfeited
8,318

Subsidiary exchanged shares
(14,405
)
Available for issuance as of December 31, 2019
4,765,863


(1) 
Excludes awards granted under the Company’s subsidiary incentive plans that are exchangeable for Tiptree Common Stock.
(2) 
Includes remaining awards from 2013 Equity Plan.


F- 56

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)

Tiptree Corporate Incentive Plans

The Company values RSUs at their grant-date fair value as measured by Tiptree’s Common Stock price. Generally, the Tiptree RSUs vest and become nonforfeitable with respect to one-third of Tiptree shares granted on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of the grant, and expensed using the straight-line method over the requisite service period.

The following table presents changes to the issuances of RSUs under the 2017 Equity Plan for the periods indicated:
 
Number of shares issuable
 
Weighted average grant date fair value
Unvested units as of December 31, 2016
299,817

 
$
6.27

Granted (1)
466,652

 
6.60

Vested
(167,587
)
 
6.43

Unvested units as of December 31, 2017
598,882

 
$
6.48

Granted (1)
315,371

 
5.95

Vested
(222,387
)
 
6.39

Forfeited
(15,236
)
 
6.04

Unvested units as of December 31, 2018
676,630

 
$
6.27

Granted (1)
476,449

 
6.25

Vested
(186,151
)
 
6.44

Forfeited
(8,318
)
 
6.10

Unvested units as of December 31, 2019
958,610

 
$
6.23

(1)    Includes grants of 48,076, 46,572 and 39,164 shares of Common Stock to directors for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The following tables present the detail of the granted and vested RSUs for the periods indicated:
Granted
 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
 
Vested
 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Directors
 
48,076

 
Directors
 
48,076

Employees (1)
 
428,373

 
Employees
 
138,075

Total Granted
 
476,449

 
Total Vested
 
186,151

 
 
 
 
Taxes
 
(35,622
)
 
 
 
 
Exchanged
 
14,405

 
 
 
 
Net Vested
 
164,934


(1) 
Includes 307,148 shares that vest ratably over three years, 112,907 shares that cliff vest in February 2021 and the remaining shares vested immediately.

Subsidiary Incentive Plans

Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries have established incentive plans under which they are authorized to issue equity of those subsidiaries to certain of their employees. Such awards are accounted for as equity. These awards are subject to performance-vesting criteria based on the performance of the subsidiary (performance vesting awards) and time-vesting subject to continued employment (time vesting awards). Following the service period, such vested awards may be exchanged at fair market value, at the option of the holder, for Tiptree Common Stock under the 2017 Equity Plan. The service period for certain grants has been achieved and those vested subsidiary awards are currently eligible for exchange. The Company has the option, but not the obligation to settle the exchange right in cash.

F- 57

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


The following table presents changes to the issuances of subsidiary awards under the subsidiary incentive plans for the periods indicated:
 
Grant date fair value of equity shares issuable
Unvested balance as of December 31, 2016
$
8,089

Granted
2,669

Vested
(2,436
)
Grant value adjustment (1)
(210
)
Performance assumption adjustment
680

Unvested balance as of December 31, 2017
$
8,792

Granted
1,113

Vested
(1,771
)
Performance assumption adjustment
576

Unvested balance as of December 31, 2018
$
8,710

Granted

Vested
(4,991
)
Performance assumption adjustment
560

Unvested balance as of December 31, 2019
$
4,279


(1) 
Due to the approval of the 2017 Equity Plan, the Company changed the classification of the subsidiary RSU’s during the year ended December 31, 2017
from liability to equity awards because the Company expects to settle these awards in stock.

The net vested and unvested balance of subsidiary awards (assuming full vesting) translates to an aggregate of 2,529,709 shares of Common Stock if converted as of December 31, 2019, of which 891,933 are vested and eligible for exchange as of December 31, 2019.

Stock Options - Tiptree Corporate

Option awards have been granted to the Executive Committee with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our Common Stock on the date of grant. The option awards have a 10-year term and are subject the recipient’s continuous service, a market requirement, and vest one third on each of the third, fourth and fifth anniversary of the grant date. The market requirement is a book value per share target that can be met at any time before the option expires and it only needs to be met once for the option to remain exercisable for the remainder of its term. If the service condition is met, the full amount of the compensation expense will be recognized over the appropriate vesting period whether the market requirement is met or not. The options granted in 2018 include a retirement provision and are amortized over the lesser of the service condition or expected retirement date.

The fair value option grants are estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing formula embedded within a Monte Carlo model used to simulate the future stock prices of the Company, which assumes that the market requirement is achieved. Historical volatility was computed based on historical daily returns of the Company’s stock between the grant date and July 1, 2013, the date of the business combination through which Tiptree became a public company. The valuation is done under a risk-neutral framework using the 10-year zero-coupon risk-free interest rate derived from the Treasury Constant Maturities yield curve on the grant date. The current quarterly dividend rates in effect as of the date of the grant are used to calculate a spot dividend yield as of the date of grant for use in the model.

The following table presents the assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the stock options granted for the following periods:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
Valuation Input
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
Assumption
 
Average
 
Assumption
 
Average
 
Assumption
 
Average
Historical volatility
 
27.69%
 
N/A
 
30.63%
 
N/A
 
47.20%
 
N/A
Risk-free rate
 
2.62%
 
N/A
 
2.85%
 
N/A
 
2.44%
 
N/A
Dividend yield
 
2.21%
 
N/A
 
2.03%
 
N/A
 
1.80%
 
N/A
Expected term (years)
 

 
6.5
 
 
 
6.5
 
 
 
6.5


F- 58

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


The following table presents the Company's stock option activity for the current period:
 
Options outstanding
 
Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per stock option)
 
Weighted average grant date value (in dollars per stock option)
 
Options exercisable
Balance, December 31, 2016
251,237

 
$
5.69

 
$
2.62

 

Granted
570,627

 
6.65

 
2.91

 

Balance, December 31, 2017
821,864

 
$
6.36

 
$
2.82

 

Granted
242,663

 
5.85

 
1.88

 

Balance, December 31, 2018 (1)
1,064,527

 
$
6.24

 
$
2.61

 

Granted
225,815

 
6.26

 
1.69

 

Balance, December 31, 2019
1,290,342

 
$
6.24

 
$
2.45

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average remaining contractual term at December 31, 2019 (in years)
7.5

 
 
 
 
 
 

(1) 
Book value targets for grants in 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are $10.79, $9.97, $10.14 and $8.96, respectively.

Stock Based Compensation Expense

The following table presents total stock based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit recognized on the consolidated statements of operations:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Employee compensation and benefits
$
6,062

 
$
6,354

 
$
6,560

Director compensation
301

 
303

 
266

Income tax benefit
(1,374
)
 
(1,438
)
 
(2,410
)
Net stock based compensation expense
$
4,989

 
$
5,219

 
$
4,416


Additional information on total non-vested stock based compensation is as follows:
 
As of
 
December 31, 2019
 
Stock options
 
Restricted stock awards and RSUs
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards
$
694

 
$
3,511

Weighted - average recognition period (in years)
2.10

 
1.62



F- 59

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


(19) Income Taxes

The Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes is reflected as a component of income (loss) from continuing and discontinued operations and consists of the following:

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Current tax expense (benefit):
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
991

 
$
(9,650
)
 
$
(1,559
)
State
386

 
(1,182
)
 
246

Foreign
825

 
754

 

Total current tax expense (benefit)
2,202

 
(10,078
)
 
(1,313
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax expense (benefit):
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
6,502

 
4,110

 
(13,755
)
State
335

 
59

 
2,506

Foreign
(22
)
 

 

Total deferred tax (benefit)
6,815

 
4,169

 
(11,249
)
Total income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations
$
9,017

 
$
(5,909
)
 
$
(12,562
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax (benefit) from discontinued operations

 
13,714

 
(2,224
)
Total tax expense (benefit)
$
9,017

 
$
7,805

 
$
(14,786
)

The Company’s primary tax jurisdiction is the United States, which currently has a statutory income tax rate equal to 21%. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted Public Law no. 115-97, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act), which, among other things, reduced the federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, and requires mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. As a result of the Tax Act, we re-measured our net deferred tax liabilities and recognized a net tax benefit of $15,238 in 2017.

The U.S. federal rate is before the consideration of rate reconciling items. A reconciliation of the expected federal income tax expense on income from continuing operations using the federal statutory income tax rate to the actual income tax expense and resulting effective income tax rate is as follows for the periods indicated below:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Income (loss) before income taxes from continuing operations
$
29,139

 
$
(19,796
)
 
$
(3,330
)
Federal statutory income tax rate
21.0
%
 
21.0
%
 
35.0
%
Expected federal income tax expense (benefit) at the federal statutory income tax rate
6,119

 
(4,157
)
 
(1,166
)
Effect of change in U.S. federal tax rate effective 2018

 

 
(15,238
)
Effect of Reliance contingent liability valuation

 

 
1,018

Effect of state income tax expense, net of federal benefit
549

 
(471
)
 
219

Effect of dividends received deduction
(29
)
 
(1,534
)
 

Effect of foreign operations
440

 
1,053

 

Effect of permanent differences
(30
)
 
170

 
(144
)
Effect of changes in valuation allowance
(80
)
 
55

 
2,314

Effect of return-to-accrual
1,524

 
(404
)
 
623

Effect of other items
$
524

 
$
(621
)
 
$
(188
)
Tax (benefit) on income from continuing operations
$
9,017

 
$
(5,909
)
 
$
(12,562
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effective tax rate
31.0
%
 
29.9
%
 
377.2
%

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company’s effective tax rate on income from continuing operations was equal to 31%. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2019 is higher than the U.S. statutory income tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to the non-recurring return-to-provision, as well as ongoing state and foreign taxes.


F- 60

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company’s effective tax rate on losses from continuing operations was equal to 29.9%. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2018 is higher than the U.S. statutory income tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to the dividends received deduction, offset by the effect of foreign operations.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company’s effective tax rate on income from continuing operations was equal to 377.2%, which does not bear a customary relationship to statutory income tax rates. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2017 is higher than the U.S. statutory income tax rate of 35.0% primarily due to the $15,238 discrete tax benefit of the U.S. federal tax law change and resulting revaluation of the net deferred tax liability, partially offset by an increase in the valuation allowance on certain deferred tax assets and the impact of the Reliance contingent liability revaluation.

The table below presents the components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the respective balance sheet dates:

 
As of December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Net operating loss carryforwards
$
17,384

 
$
13,554

Unrealized losses
4,242

 
9,381

Accrued expenses
5,470

 
1,618

Unearned premiums
14,189

 
13,752

Deferred revenue
6,301

 
5,769

Other deferred tax assets
5,720

 
1,975

Total deferred tax assets
53,306

 
46,049

Less: Valuation allowance
(4,961
)
 
(3,092
)
Total net deferred tax assets
48,345

 
42,957

 
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Property
1,554

 
414

Unrealized gains
6,005

 

Other deferred tax liabilities
3,370

 
2,666

Deferred acquisition cost
35,066

 
37,473

Advanced commissions
25,392

 
18,153

Intangibles
9,264

 
9,684

Total deferred tax liabilities
80,651

 
68,390

Net deferred tax liability
$
32,306

 
$
25,433



As of January 2016, Tiptree has established a U.S. federal consolidated income tax group and as such files on a consolidated basis, with certain exceptions such as a Fortegra life insurance company and Luxury. Tiptree consolidated, and certain subsidiaries on a separate basis, file returns in various state jurisdictions, and as such may have state tax obligations. Additionally, as needed the Company will take all necessary steps to comply with any income tax withholding requirements.


F- 61

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


As of December 31, 2019, the Company had total U. S. Federal net operating loss carryforwards (NOLs) of $46.2 million arising from continuing operations. The following table presents the U.S. Federal NOLs by tax year of expiration:

 
As of
December 31,
2019
Tax Year of Expiration
 
2026
$
86

2027
124

2028

2029
167

2030
17

2031

2032

2033

2034
1,893

2035
562

2036
39,862

2037
1,766

Indefinite
1,758

Total
$
46,235


In addition to the U.S. Federal NOL, Tiptree and its subsidiaries have NOLs in various state jurisdictions totaling $7.4 million. Valuation allowances have been established for net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets generated by Luxury, and certain state NOLs of $4,961, since management has concluded it is more likely than not they will expire unutilized based on existing positive and negative evidence. Management believes it is more likely than not the remaining NOLs and deferred tax assets will be utilized prior to their expiration dates. As of December 31, 2018, the consolidated valuation allowance for Tiptree was $3,092. In 2019, the Company recorded a net increase in its valuation allowances equal to $1,869, compared to a net decrease in its valuation allowance of $1,211 in 2018.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had no material unrecognized tax benefits or accrued interest and penalties. This is consistent with the tax years ending December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 as well. Federal tax years 2016 through 2018 were open for examination as of December 31, 2019.

(20) Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

All leases are office space leases and are classified as operating leases that expire through 2028. Some of our office leases include the option to extend for up to five years or less at management’s discretion. Such extension options were not included in the measurement of the lease liability. Below is a summary of our right of use asset and lease liability as of December 31, 2019:
 
As of
 
December 31, 2019
Right of use asset - Operating leases
$
23,832

 
 
Operating lease liability
$
29,491

 
 
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
6.2

 
 
Weighted-average discount rate (1)
7.1
%

(1) Discount rate was determined by applying available market rates to lease obligations based upon their term.


F- 62

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


As of December 31, 2019, the approximate aggregate minimum future lease payments required for our lease liability over the remaining lease periods are as follows:
 
December 31, 2019
2020
$
7,169

2021
6,879

2022
5,625

2023
5,020

2024
4,541

2025 and thereafter
11,767

Total minimum payments
41,001

Less: liabilities held for sale
(341
)
Less: present value adjustment
(11,169
)
Total
$
29,491


The following table presents rent expense for the Company’s office leases recorded on the consolidated statements of operations for the following periods:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Rent expense for office leases
$
8,612

 
$
7,519

 
$
6,816


Litigation
The Company is a defendant in Mullins v. Southern Financial Life Insurance Co., which was filed in February 2006, in the Pike Circuit Court, in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. A class was certified in June 2010. At issue is the duration or term of coverage under certain disability and life credit insurance policies. The action alleges violations of the Consumer Protection Act and certain insurance statutes, as well as common law fraud and seeks compensatory and punitive damages, attorney fees and interest. To date, the court has not awarded sanctions in connection with Plaintiffs’ April 2012 Motion for Sanctions. In January 2015, the trial court issued an Order denying the Company’s motion to decertify the class, which was upheld on appeal. Following a February 2017 hearing, the court denied the Company’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to certain disability insurance policies. In January 2018, the court vacated its November 2017 order granting Company’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to the life certificates at issue with leave to refile. No trial or additional hearings are currently scheduled.

The Company considers such litigation customary in the insurance industry. In management's opinion, based on information available at this time, the ultimate resolution of such litigation, which it is vigorously defending, should not be materially adverse to the financial position of the Company. It should be noted that large punitive damage awards, bearing little relation to actual damages sustained by plaintiffs, have been awarded in certain states against other companies in the credit insurance business. At this time, the Company cannot estimate a range of loss that is reasonably possible.

The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to other legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. Although the Company’s legal and financial liability with respect to such proceedings cannot be estimated with certainty, the Company does not believe that these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position.

(21) Earnings Per Share

The Company calculates basic net income per share of Common Stock (Common Share) based on the weighted average number of Common Shares outstanding, which includes vested corporate restricted share units. Unvested corporate restricted share units have a non-forfeitable right to participate in dividends declared and paid to the Company’s Common Stock on an as vested basis and are therefore considered a participating security. The Company calculates basic earnings per share using the “two-class” method under which the income available to Common Stockholders is allocated to the unvested corporate restricted stock units.

Diluted net income attributable to Common Stockholders includes the effect of unvested subsidiaries’ RSUs, when dilutive. The assumed exercise of all potentially dilutive instruments are included in the diluted net income per Common Share calculation, if dilutive.


F- 63

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net income per Common Share for the following periods:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
$
20,122

 
$
(13,887
)
 
$
9,232

Less:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
1,761

 
(612
)
 
2,603

Net income allocated to participating securities
472

 

 
123

Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Common Shares
17,889

 
(13,275
)
 
6,506

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations

 
43,770

 
(3,998
)
Less:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to non-controlling interests

 
6,562

 
(973
)
Net income allocated to participating securities

 

 
(56
)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Common Shares

 
37,208

 
(2,969
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Common Shares - basic
$
17,889

 
$
23,933

 
$
3,537

Effect of Dilutive Securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Securities of subsidiaries
(723
)
 

 
(128
)
Adjustments to income relating to exchangeable interests, net of tax

 

 
736

Net income (loss) attributable to Common Shares - diluted
$
17,166

 
$
23,933

 
$
4,145

 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding - basic
34,578,292

 
34,715,852

 
29,134,190

Weighted average number of incremental shares of Common Stock issuable from exchangeable interests and contingent considerations

 

 
8,172,442

Weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding - diluted
34,578,292

 
34,715,852

 
37,306,632

 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
$
0.52

 
$
(0.38
)
 
$
0.22

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations

 
1.07

 
(0.10
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Common Shares
$
0.52

 
$
0.69

 
$
0.12

 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
$
0.50

 
$
(0.38
)
 
$
0.21

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations

 
1.07

 
(0.10
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Common Shares
$
0.50

 
$
0.69

 
$
0.11


(22) Related Party Transactions

On February 15, 2019, the Company and Corvid Peak (formerly known as Tricadia) entered into a Strategic Combination Agreement (the Strategic Combination Agreement) and Amended and Restated Transition Services Agreement (the Transition Services Agreement). Corvid Peak is a related party of the Company because Corvid Peak is deemed to be controlled by Michael Barnes, the Company’s Executive Chairman. Tiptree agreed to invest $75 million to seed new investment funds to be managed by Corvid Peak. As of December 31, 2019, $25 million was funded with the remainder funded in the first quarter of 2020. The Company will pay Corvid Peak an annual management fee of 1.25% of the net asset value of invested capital, 1.25% of the $75 million commitment to the extent not invested, and an incentive fee equal to 20% of the net profits. The Company incurred $1,006 of management and incentive fees to Corvid Peak for the year ended December 31, 2019.

No consideration was paid at the closing of the Strategic Combination Agreement. Tiptree will over time receive a 51% economic interest in certain profit share interests in Corvid Peak, in increments stepping up by 10.2% each year, beginning in 2021. Beginning on January 1, 2026, Tiptree has the right to acquire the remaining economic interests in Corvid Peak that are held by Mr. Barnes, based upon a fair value-based formula. Beginning on January 1, 2027, Mr. Barnes has the reciprocal right to put his remaining economic interests in Corvid Peak to Tiptree using the same formula. Mr. Barnes has substantive participating rights over specified actions at Corvid Peak so long as he owns at least 10% of the equity of Corvid Peak. The Company has concluded that it will account for any ownership interest it obtains in Corvid Peak using the equity method of accounting until such time as a controlling financial interest (as defined in the applicable accounting guidance) in Corvid Peak is obtained.

Pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement, Tiptree and Corvid Peak have mutually agreed to provide certain services to one another (the Services). At the present time, the Services consist primarily of Tiptree providing to Corvid Peak office space, legal

F- 64

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


and compliance services, information technology services, insurance coverage, and certain finance, accounting and tax services. The Services are provided on arms’-length terms. The effective date of the Transition Services Agreement is January 1, 2019.

The Transition Services Agreement will terminate upon a change of control of Corvid Peak. Corvid Peak may terminate any Services upon 30 days written notice and Tiptree may terminate any Services upon 150 days written notice, but Tiptree may not terminate any Services prior to June 30, 2020.

Payments under the Transition Services Agreement in the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were not material.

On December 20, 2019, the Company and Arif Inayatullah, a greater than 5% stockholder of the Company, entered into a partner emeritus agreement (Emeritus Agreement), effective January 1, 2020. The Company will provide Mr. Inayatullah office space, accounting, tax research and IT support services, one Bloomberg terminal and healthcare and other benefits consistent with Company employees in exchange for advice and other consulting services as requested by the Company’s Executive Committee.

(23) Summarized Quarterly Information (Unaudited)
 
2019
 
First Quarter
 
Second Quarter
 
Third Quarter
 
Fourth Quarter
Total revenues
$
183,903

 
$
191,072

 
$
189,185

 
$
208,568

Total expenses
178,748

 
175,367

 
190,783

 
198,691

Income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
5,155

 
15,705

 
(1,598
)
 
9,877

Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
854

 
3,501

 
(649
)
 
5,311

Net income (loss) from continuing operations
4,301

 
12,204

 
(949
)
 
4,566

Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
376

 
458

 
508

 
419

Net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders
$
3,925

 
$
11,746

 
$
(1,457
)
 
$
4,147

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income per Common Share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic, continuing operations, net
$
0.11

 
$
0.33

 
$
(0.04
)
 
$
0.12

Basic, discontinued operations, net

 

 

 

Basic earnings per share
$
0.11

 
$
0.33

 
$
(0.04
)
 
$
0.12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted, continuing operations, net
$
0.11

 
$
0.32

 
$
(0.04
)
 
$
0.11

Diluted, discontinued operations, net

 

 

 

Diluted earnings per share
$
0.11

 
$
0.32

 
$
(0.04
)
 
$
0.11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of Common Shares:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
34,673,054

 
34,527,230

 
34,552,171

 
34,562,219

Diluted
34,673,054

 
34,527,230

 
34,552,171

 
34,578,357



F- 65

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


 
2018
 
First Quarter
 
Second Quarter
 
Third Quarter
 
Fourth Quarter
Total revenues
$
148,072

 
$
152,709

 
$
172,668

 
$
152,377

Total expenses
155,115

 
151,132

 
173,806

 
165,569

Income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
(7,043
)
 
1,577

 
(1,138
)
 
(13,192
)
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
(1,568
)
 
701

 
(611
)
 
(4,431
)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
(5,475
)
 
876

 
(527
)
 
(8,761
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before taxes from discontinued operations
624

 

 

 

Gain on sale of discontinued operations
46,184

 

 

 
10,676

Less: Provision (benefit) for income taxes
12,327

 

 

 
1,387

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
34,481

 

 

 
9,289

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
29,006

 
876

 
(527
)
 
528

Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
5,446

 
50

 
91

 
363

Net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders
$
23,560

 
$
826

 
$
(618
)
 
$
165

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income per Common Share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic, continuing operations, net
$
(0.15
)
 
$
0.02

 
$
(0.02
)
 
$
(0.25
)
Basic, discontinued operations, net
0.94

 

 

 
0.26

Basic earnings per share
$
0.79

 
$
0.02

 
$
(0.02
)
 
$
0.01

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted, continuing operations, net
$
(0.15
)
 
$
0.02

 
$
(0.02
)
 
$
(0.25
)
Diluted, discontinued operations, net
0.94

 

 

 
0.26

Diluted earnings per share
$
0.79

 
$
0.02

 
$
(0.02
)
 
$
0.01

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of Common Shares:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
29,861,496

 
36,593,154

 
36,402,129

 
35,921,632

Diluted
29,861,496

 
37,386,319

 
36,402,129

 
35,921,632


(24) Subsequent Events

Acquisition of Smart AutoCare

On January 3, 2020, a subsidiary of the Company acquired (the Acquisition) all of the equity interests of Accelerated Service Enterprise LLC, SAC Holdings Inc., Dealer Motor Services, Inc., Independent Dealer Group, Inc., Ownershield, Inc., Freedom Insurance Company, Ltd., SAC Admin, Inc., SAC Insurance Company, Inc., Smart AutoCare, Inc. and Smart AutoCare Administration Solutions, Inc. (together the Target Entities), pursuant to the Equity Interest Purchase Agreement (the Purchase Agreement) between Tiptree Warranty Holdings, LLC (Buyer) and Peter Masi (Seller), dated as of December 16, 2019. Concurrent with the Acquisition, Freedom Insurance Company, Ltd, (Freedom) terminated reinsurance agreements with affiliates of Seller (the Commutation Transaction).

Tiptree paid Seller $110 million in cash at closing, $8.25 million of which will be held in an escrow account for 18 months to satisfy indemnity claims. Simultaneously, pursuant to the Commutation Transaction, affiliates of Seller paid Freedom $102 million in cash. The Purchase Agreement also provides for an earn out of up to $50 million in cash based on the Target Entities achieving specified performance metrics measured on the third and fifth anniversary of closing and an additional earn out of up to $30 million payable in cash or Tiptree Common Stock based on the Target Entities achieving other certain specified performance metrics measured on the fourth and fifth anniversary of closing. In addition, the purchase price will be subject to a true-up following the fifth anniversary of the closing based on the adequacy of certain legacy reserves, offset by certain earnings on new business.

New Fortress Credit Facility

On February 21, 2020, Tiptree Operating Company, LLC (Borrower) borrowed $125 million under a new credit agreement (Credit Agreement) with Fortress Credit Corp. (Fortress). The proceeds were used to repay the Borrower’s prior credit agreement with Fortress described in (10) Debt, net, in the notes to consolidated financial statements, and for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Credit Agreement will mature on February 21, 2025. Loans under the Credit Agreement bear interest

F- 66

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)


at a variable rate per annum equal to the LIBOR (with a minimum LIBOR rate of 1.00%), plus a margin of 6.75% per annum. The principal amounts of the loans are to be repaid in consecutive quarterly installments.

Borrower’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by Tiptree Inc., Tiptree Insurance Holdings, LLC, Caroline Holdings LLC, Reliance Holdings, LLC, Tiptree Asset Management Company, LLC, Tiptree Marine LLC, Tiptree Direct Holdings LLC, Tiptree Warranty Holdings, LLC and each of Borrower’s subsequently acquired or organized direct wholly owned first-tier domestic subsidiaries that is a holding company for investments, assets, operations or business lines, and any other subsidiary of the Borrower that guarantees the payment of any other material indebtedness of the Borrower or a Guarantor (collectively, the Guarantors). The obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by liens on substantially all of the assets of the Borrower and each Guarantor (subject to certain customary exceptions).

The Credit Agreement contains various customary affirmative and negative covenants of Tiptree Inc., the Borrower and the Guarantors (subject to customary exceptions), including, but not limited to, limitations on indebtedness, liens, investments and acquisitions, negative pledges, junior payments, conduct of business, transactions with affiliates, dispositions of assets, prepayment of certain indebtedness and limits on guarantees by subsidiaries of the Borrower’s and the Guarantors’ indebtedness. The Credit Agreement also contains a financial covenant which provides that Tiptree will not permit its Corporate Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) as of the last day of any fiscal quarter to be greater than 4.5:1.00 in 2020 and 2021, 4.25:1:00 in 2022, 4:00:1:00 in 2023 and 3.75:1:00 in 2024.
 
The Credit Agreement also requires customary mandatory repayment provisions (subject to customary exceptions) and requires that net cash proceeds from the sale by Tiptree and certain of its subsidiaries of capital stock of Invesque Inc. be applied to prepay loans until the outstanding principal amount of loans is $62.5 million, with remaining proceeds subject to reinvestment rights. Prepayments, whether mandatory or voluntary, reduce future scheduled amortization payments in the order they come due. The Credit Agreement also requires the payment of a prepayment fee upon a repricing transaction or equity issuance consummated after the closing date, or the sale of Tiptree Insurance, or any of its material subsidiaries.

The Credit Agreement contains events of default customary for similar financings with corresponding grace periods, including failure to pay any principal or interest when due, failure to perform or observe covenants, breaches of representations and warranties, certain cross defaults, certain bankruptcy related events, monetary judgment defaults and a change of control. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement may be accelerated and become immediately due and payable.

Dividend

On March 5, 2020, the Company’s board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.04 per share to holders of Common Stock with a record date of March 23, 2020, and a payment date of March 30, 2020.



F- 67


Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Not applicable.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

(a)
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the participation of its Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2019. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2019.

The Company is committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment which is accompanied by management’s ongoing focus on processes and related controls to achieve accurate and reliable financial reporting. However, all systems of internal control, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems deemed to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Projections of the effectiveness of internal control to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

(b)
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. The Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting based upon the framework established in the Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).

Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurances that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are made only in accordance with the authorization of management and the Board of Directors of the Company; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

If the Company identifies any material weaknesses, the COSO Framework does not allow the Company to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Based upon its assessment, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 was effective using the COSO Framework.

The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, as stated in their report, included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019.

(c)
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended December 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

None.


56


PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Information concerning our executive officers is incorporated herein by reference to information included in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Information with respect to our directors and the nomination process is incorporated herein by reference to information included in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Information regarding our audit committee and our audit committee financial experts is incorporated herein by reference to information included in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Information required by Item 405 of Regulation S-K is incorporated herein by reference to information included in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

Information with respect to executive compensation is incorporated herein by reference to information included in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Information with respect to security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated herein by reference to information included in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Information with respect to such contractual relationships and independence is incorporated herein by reference to the information in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Information with respect to principal accounting fees and services and pre-approval policies are incorporated herein by reference to information included in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
The following documents are filed as a part of this Form 10-K:
 
(a)(1) All Financial Statements
 
 
 
Index to Financial Statements:
Page

(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules

Schedule II—“Condensed Financial Information of Registrant”, is filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto contained in Item 8—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”


57


The financial statements of Invesque Inc. required by Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X will be provided as Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 to this report.

All other financial statements and financial statement schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC are not required under the related instruction, are not material or are not applicable and, therefore, have been omitted.

(a)(3) Exhibits
Exhibit No.
 
Description
2.1
 
 
 
 
3.1
 
 
 
 
3.2
 
 
 
 
3.3
 
 
 
 
4.1
 
 
 
 
4.2
 
 
 
 
4.3
 
 
 
 
10.1
 
 
 
 
10.2
 
 
 
 
10.3
 
 
 
 
10.4
 
 
 
 
10.5
 
 
 
 
10.6
 
 
 
 
10.7
 
 
 
 
10.8
 
 
 
 
10.9
 
 
 
 

58


Exhibit No.
 
Description
10.10
 
 
 
 
10.11
 
 
 
 
10.12
 
 
 
 
10.13
 
 
 
 
21.1
 
23.1
 
23.2
 
31.1
 
31.2
 
31.3
 
32.1
 
32.2
 
32.3
 
99.1
 
99.2
 
 
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*

* Attached as Exhibit 101 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the following materials, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets (audited) for December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations (audited) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (audited) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (audited) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (audited) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (audited).

** Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

59


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Tiptree Inc. has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
Tiptree Inc.
Date:
March 11, 2020
 
By:/s/ Jonathan Ilany
 
 
 
Jonathan Ilany
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
Signature
  
Title
 
Date
 
 
 
 
/s/ Jonathan Ilany
Jonathan Ilany
  
Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
 
March 11, 2020
 
 
 
 
/s/ Sandra Bell
Sandra Bell
 
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
 
March 11, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Timothy Schott
Timothy Schott
  
Principal Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)
 
March 11, 2020
 
 
 
 
/s/ Michael G. Barnes
Michael G. Barnes
  
Executive Chairman and Director
 
March 11, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Paul M. Friedman
Paul M. Friedman
  
Director
 
March 11, 2020
 
 
 
 
/s/ Lesley Goldwasser
Lesley Goldwasser
  
Director
 
March 11, 2020
 
 
 
 
/s/ John E. Mack
John E. Mack
  
Director
 
March 11, 2020
 
 
 
 
/s/ Bradley E. Smith
Bradley E. Smith
  
Director
 
March 11, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Dominique Mielle
Dominique Mielle
 
Director
 
March 11, 2020


60


Schedule II — Condensed Financial Information of Registrant

TIPTREE INC.
PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(All amounts in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income(1)
$

 
$
137

 
$
417

Other income

 
10

 
5

Total revenues

 
147

 
422

Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
Other expenses
3

 
30

 

Total expenses
3

 
30

 

Equity in earnings (losses) of subsidiaries, net of tax(1)
18,364

 
(13,392
)
 
6,370

Income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
18,361

 
(13,275
)
 
6,792

Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes

 

 
163

Net income (loss) from continuing operations
$
18,361

 
$
(13,275
)
 
$
6,629

Discontinued operations:
 
 
 
 
 
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax and non-controlling interest

 
414

 
(3,025
)
Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax and non-controlling interest

 
36,794

 

Discontinued operations, net of tax and non-controlling interest

 
37,208

 
(3,025
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Common Stockholders
$
18,361

 
$
23,933

 
$
3,604

(1)    Eliminated in consolidation.
TIPTREE INC.
PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
(All amounts in thousands, except share data)
As of December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Assets
 
 
 
Investment in subsidiaries (1)
$
397,395

 
$
388,016

Cash and cash equivalents
87

 
673

Other assets
580

 
194

Total assets
$
398,062

 
$
388,883

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
Other liabilities
$

 
$
1,782

Total liabilities
$

 
$
1,782

Stockholders' Equity
 
 
 
Preferred stock: $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding
$

 
$

Common stock: $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 34,562,553 and 35,870,348 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
35

 
36

Additional paid-in capital
326,140

 
331,892

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
1,698

 
(2,058
)
Retained earnings
70,189

 
57,231

Total stockholders’ equity
398,062

 
387,101

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
398,062

 
$
388,883


(1)    Eliminated in consolidation.


61


TIPTREE INC.
PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(All amounts in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Operating Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Common Stockholders
$
18,361

 
$
23,933

 
$
3,604

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
 
 
 
 
 
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries(1)
(18,364
)
 
(23,816
)
 
(3,345
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities
(583
)
 
4,772

 
3,805

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
(586
)
 
4,889

 
4,064

Financing Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Distributions from subsidiaries (1)
14,587

 

 

Dividends paid
(5,502
)
 
(4,781
)
 
(3,499
)
Repurchases of Common Stock
(9,085
)
 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

 
(4,781
)
 
(3,499
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(586
)
 
108

 
565

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
673

 
565

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
87

 
$
673

 
$
565

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash (received) paid for income taxes
$
2,168

 
$
(5,915
)
 
$
14


(1)    Eliminated in consolidation.

Note 1. Basis of Presentation
 
Tiptree Inc. (Tiptree or the Company) is a Maryland Corporation that was incorporated on March 19, 2007. Tiptree is a holding company that allocates capital across a broad spectrum of businesses, assets and other investments. Tiptree’s principal operating subsidiary and primary source of earnings, Tiptree Insurance, along with its subsidiaries, is a leading provider of specialty insurance, warranty products and related administration services. Tiptree also allocates its capital across a diverse group of select investments that we refer to as Tiptree Capital. Tiptree’s Common Stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “TIPT”.

Pursuant to the terms discussed in Note—(10) Debt, net in the notes to consolidated financial statements, a secured corporate credit agreement of a subsidiary of Tiptree restricts that subsidiary’s ability to pay or make any dividend or distribution to Tiptree Inc. In addition, certain other subsidiaries’ activities are regulated, or subject to specific restriction on transfers as a result of financing arrangements. As a result of these restrictions, these condensed financial statements of the Registrant have been prepared in accordance with Rule 12-04 of Regulation S-X, as restricted net assets of the Company's subsidiaries (as defined in Rule 4-08(e)(3) of Regulation S-X) exceed 25% of the Company's consolidated net assets as of December 31, 2019.

The Company is a holding company without any operations of its own. These condensed financial statements have been prepared on a "parent-only" basis. Under a parent-only presentation, the Parent Company's investments in subsidiaries are presented under the equity method of accounting. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Stock based compensation expense associated with equity incentive awards issued by the Parent Company and the related tax effects are recorded at the subsidiary level where the employees provide the services. The accompanying condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the Tiptree Inc. consolidated financial statements and related Notes thereto.

Note 2. Dividends Received

The Company received distributions of $14,587, $4,781, and $3,499 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 

62

Exhibit 4.3
 
Description of the Registrant’s Securities Registered
Under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

The following summary describes the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Tiptree Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”), which are the only securities of the Company registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

The following description is a summary and does not purport to be complete. It is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to our articles of amendment and restatement, which we refer to as our “charter,” and bylaws, copies of which are filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

General

Our charter provides that we may issue up to 200,000,000 shares of common stock and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, each having a par value of $0.001 per share. Our board of directors, with the approval of a majority of the entire board and without any action on the part of our stockholders, may amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue, subject to certain restrictions. Under Maryland law, our stockholders are not personally liable for our debts and obligations solely as a result of their status as stockholders.

Common Stock

All shares of our common stock have equal rights as to earnings, assets, dividends and voting and, when they are issued, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. Distributions may be paid to the holders of our common stock if, as and when authorized by our board of directors and declared by us out of assets legally available therefor. Shares of our common stock generally have no preemptive, appraisal, preferential exchange, conversion or redemption rights and are freely transferable, except where their transfer is restricted by federal and state securities laws, by contract or by the restrictions in our charter described below. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each share of our common stock would be entitled to share ratably in all of our assets that are legally available for distribution after payment of or adequate provision for all of our known debts and other liabilities and subject to any preferential rights of holders of our preferred stock, if any preferred stock is outstanding at such time.

Preferred Stock

Our charter provides that our board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders (unless such stockholder action is required by applicable law or NASDAQ rules), to designate and issue up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, to fix the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each wholly unissued series, and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereon, and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any such series, but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding. Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of Tiptree or making removal of management more difficult, and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of our common stock.

We will fix the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of the preferred stock of each series we issue under this prospectus, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, in the articles supplementary to our charter



relating to that series. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the articles supplementary to our charter
that contains the terms of the series of preferred stock we are offering. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of preferred stock being offered, including, to the extent applicable:

the title and stated value;
the number of shares we are offering;
the liquidation preference per share;
the purchase price;
the dividend rate, period and payment date and method of calculation for dividends;
whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends will accumulate;
the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if applicable;
the provisions for a sinking fund, if applicable;
the provisions for redemption or repurchase, if applicable, and any restrictions on our ability to exercise those redemption and repurchase rights;
any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange or market;
whether the preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock, and, if applicable, the conversion price, or how it will be calculated, and the conversion period;
whether the preferred stock will be exchangeable into debt securities, and, if applicable, the exchange price, or how it will be calculated, and the exchange period;
voting rights of the preferred stock;
preemptive rights, if any;
restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment;
whether interests in the preferred stock will be represented by depositary shares;
a discussion of material United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock;
the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs;
any limitations on the issuance of any class or series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; and
any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the preferred stock.


Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of Maryland Law and Our Charter Documents

Maryland Statutory Requirements for Certain Transactions

The summaries of the following statutes do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, the applicable provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law.

Maryland law provides that “control shares” of a corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” will have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter under the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act. Shares owned by the acquirer, by officers or by employees who are directors of the corporation are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. “Control shares” means voting shares of stock that, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power: one-tenth or more but less than one-third; one-third or more but less than a majority; or a majority or more of all voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.




A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition may compel the board of directors of the corporation to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. The right to compel the calling of a special meeting is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay the expenses of the meeting. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.

If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then the corporation may redeem for fair value any or all of the control shares, except those for which voting rights have previously been approved. The right of the corporation to redeem control shares is subject to certain conditions and limitations. Fair value is determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of the shares are considered and not approved or, if no such meeting is held, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquirer. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquirer in the control share acquisition.

The control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.

Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which such stockholder became an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities.

An interested stockholder is defined as:

any person who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, ten percent or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock; or
an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of ten percent or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation.

A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.

After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:

80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and
two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder.

These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.




The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder.

Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our shares of stock. Our board of directors has also adopted a resolution which provides that any business combination between us and any other person is exempted from the provisions of the business combination statute, provided that the business combination is first approved by the board of directors. However, our board of directors may amend or eliminate this provision in our bylaws regarding the control share statute or amend or repeal this resolution regarding the business combination statute. If our board takes such action in the future, the control share and business combination statutes may prevent or discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer, including potential acquisitions that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.

Charter Documents

Power to Reclassify Shares of Our Stock — Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify and reclassify any unissued shares of stock into other classes or series of stock, including preferred stock. Prior to issuance of shares of each class or series, the board of directors is required by Maryland law and by our charter to set, subject to our charter restrictions on the transfer and ownership of our stock, the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each class or series. Thus, the board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of common stock or preferred stock with terms and conditions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interests. As of the date of the Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this Exhibit is a part, no shares of preferred stock are outstanding.

Power to Issue Additional Shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock — We believe that the power of our board of directors to amend the charter from time to time without stockholder approval to increase or decrease the total number of authorized shares of our stock or the number of authorized shares of any class or series of our stock, to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and thereafter to cause us to issue such classified or reclassified shares of stock will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. The additional classes or series will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless stockholder action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded. Although our board of directors has no intention at the present time of doing so, it could authorize us to issue a class or series that could, depending upon the terms of such class or series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control of us that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interests.

Action by Written Consent — Our charter provides that stockholders may take action without a meeting by unanimous written or electronic consent (except that any action, to the extent expressly permitted by the articles supplementary relating to one or more series of preferred stock, by the holders of such series of preferred stock, voting separately as a series, may be taken without a meeting by such class or series, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, are signed by the holders of outstanding shares of the relevant class or series having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares of such class or series entitled to vote thereon were present and voted).

Classified Board — Our charter provides that our board is classified, with respect to the terms for which directors severally hold office, into three classes. The directors elected at each annual meeting of the Company are elected to hold office for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders held in the third year following the year of their election and until their successors are duly elected and qualify.




On December 22, 2014, we elected to be subject to Section 3-804(c) of Title 3, Subtitle 8 (the “Election”) of the Maryland General Corporation Law. As a result of the Election, the board has the exclusive right, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, to fill vacancies on the board, and any director elected by the board to fill a vacancy will hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred and until his or her successor is elected and qualifies.

Ownership Restrictions — We are subject to applicable state insurance laws and regulations as a result of our ownership of regulated insurance companies. To satisfy the requirements of applicable state insurance regulators, our charter includes provisions restricting any person that, together with its affiliates, has beneficial ownership of 9.8% or more of our voting securities from voting in excess of 9.8% of our voting securities. Our charter specifically exempts from these restrictions any capital stock beneficially owned by stockholders who acquires beneficial ownership of 9.8% or more of our capital stock that has been approved by the Pennsylvania Insurance Commissioner, the Superintendent of the New York Department of Financial Services and any other applicable state insurance commissioner.

Exclusive Forum Bylaw — The Company’s bylaws contain a forum selection provision for the adjudication of certain disputes. The bylaws provide that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or, if that court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division, will be the sole and exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, any action asserting a claim of breach of a duty owed by any director or officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the stockholders of the Company, any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director, officer or employee of the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the Maryland General Corporation Law, the Company’s charter or the Company’s bylaws, or any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or employee of the Company that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our shares common stock is Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc.


Exhibit 10.5
NON-QUALIFIED STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT
UNDER THE TIPTREE INC. 2017 OMNIBUS INCENTIVE PLAN
Name of Participant:
[●]
Number of Shares subject to the Option:
[●]
Grant Date:
[●], 20[●]
Exercise Price Per Share:
$[●]
Expiration Date
The earlier to occur of:
(i) [•], 20[●]; and
(ii) the date of the termination of the Participant’s service with the Company for Cause or the Participant’s voluntarily termination of service with the Company (other than as a result of the Participant’s Retirement).

This Stock Option Agreement (this “Agreement”) is between Tiptree Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and the Participant named above.
For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Participant hereby agree as follows:
1.Grant of the Option. On the Grant Date, the Company grants to the Participant an option to purchase, on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth and in accordance with the terms of the Company’s 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as it may be amended from time to time, the “Plan”), all or any part of that number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Shares”), indicated above (the “Option”). The Option is intended to be a non-qualified stock option, and is not intended to be treated as an option that complies with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).
2.    Vesting. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Option shall be subject to both a time-based vesting requirement and a performance-based vesting requirement as set forth below:
(a)    Time-Based Vesting Requirement. The Option shall satisfy the time-based vesting requirement with respect to one-third (1/3rd) of the Shares subject to the Option on each of the third, fourth and fifth year anniversaries of the Grant Date (each such anniversary, a “Time Vesting Date”), subject to the Participant’s continued service with the Company on each Time Vesting Date (the “Time Requirement”).

1



(b)    Performance-Based Vesting Requirement. The Option shall satisfy the performance-based vesting requirement if, at any time prior to the Expiration Date, the Shares have achieved a 20-day volume weighted average per share price plus the sum of actual cash dividends paid following issuance of the Option that exceeds $[●], the per Share book value on an as exchanged basis (as reported in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission) on December 31, 20[●] (the “Performance Requirement”).
For purposes of this Agreement, “service with the Company” means the Participant’s continued service as an employee of, or officer or other service provider with, the Company, any parent or subsidiary of the Company or any other entity that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company, including Corvid Peak Holdings, L.P. The Participant’s service with the Company shall not be deemed to have terminated if the Participant takes any military leave, sick leave, or other bona fide leave of absence approved by the Company regardless of whether pay is suspended during such leave.
(c)    The portion of the Option, which has become vested and exercisable as described above, is hereinafter referred to as the “Vested Portion.
3.    Effect of Termination of Employment.
(a)    If the Participant’s service with the Company is terminated due to the Participant’s death or by the Company due to the Participant’s Disability (as defined below), the Option shall remain outstanding until the Expiration Date and the Time Requirement shall be deemed satisfied, provided that the Option shall remain subject to the Performance Requirement.
(b)    If the Participant’s service with the Company is terminated by the Company without Cause (as defined below) or as a result of the Participant’s Retirement (as defined below), the Option shall remain outstanding until the Expiration Date and the Time Requirement shall be deemed satisfied, provided that the Option (i) shall remain subject to the Performance Requirement and (ii) shall be forfeited in the event that the Participant engages in Competition (as defined below).
(c)    If the Participant’s service with the Company is terminated by the Company for Cause or the Participant voluntarily terminates his service with the Company (other than as a result of the Participant’s Retirement), the Option, including the Vested Portion (to the extent not previously exercised), shall be forfeited.
(d)    Cause” shall mean any one of the following (i) any event constituting “Cause” as defined in any employment agreement or similar agreement, if any, then in effect between the Participant and the Company or any of its Affiliates, (ii) the Participant’s engagement in misconduct which is materially injurious to the Company or any of its Affiliates,

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(iii) the Participant’s failure to substantially perform his duties to the Company or any of its Affiliates, (iv) the Participant’s repeated dishonesty in the performance of his duties to the Company or any of its Affiliates, (v) the Participant’s commission of an act or acts constituting any (x) fraud against, or misappropriation or embezzlement from the Company or any of its Affiliates, (y) crime involving moral turpitude, or (z) offense that could result in a jail sentence of at least 30 days or (vi) the Participant’s material breach of any confidentiality or non-competition covenant entered into between the Participant and the Company or any of its Affiliates.
(e)    Competition” shall mean the Participant engaging in, participating in, carrying on, owning, or managing, directly or indirectly, either for himself or as a partner, stockholder, officer, director, employee, agent, independent contractor, representative, co-venturer, or consultant (whether compensated or not), any business, partnership, corporation, or other enterprise that is a Competitive Business.
(f)    Competitive Business” shall mean (i) an asset management business of similar size and scope as the Company (a “Competitor”); provided that an asset management business shall be excluded from the definition of Competitor if (A) the average assets under management of that business over the three (3) years prior to the date of termination of the Participant’s service with the Company is equal to or exceeds the greater of (x) $5.0 billion and (y) 120% of the assets under management of, and assets owned by, the Company on the date of the termination of the Participant’s service with the Company, and (B) that such entity has reported EBITDA (or other similar measure) equal to or exceeding 120% of the Adjusted EBITDA as most recently publicly reported by the Company prior to the date of the termination of the Participant’s service with the Company; or (ii) a business of similar size and scope as, and providing similar products or services to, any subsidiary of the Company, including, if applicable, an asset management subsidiary, which represents more than 20% of the Adjusted EBITDA as most recently publicly reported by the Company, but only if such subsidiary is not being treated as a discontinued operation under GAAP or in the process of being sold or otherwise wound down as of the date of the termination of the Participant’s service with the Company (a “Material Subsidiary Competitor”); provided, however, that the foregoing shall not prohibit the Participant from (i) after the termination of the Participant’s service with the Company, performing services for an entity that is engaged in a Competitive Business, so long as the Participant is not providing services in a material way for that part of the business that is engaged in a Competitive Business and that part of the business that constitutes a Competitive Business does not represent 20% or more of the earnings of such entity; or (ii) being a passive owner of not more than 2% of the outstanding stock of any class of a corporation or other business entity which is publicly traded.

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(g)    Disability” shall have the meaning as defined under the Company’s long-term disability plan or policy that covers the Participant, or, in the event that the Company has no long-term disability plan or policy covering the Participant, “Disability” shall have the same meaning as defined under Section 409A of the Code.
(h)     “Retirementshall mean a termination by the Participant of his or her service with the Company following the Participant’s attainment of age fifty-five (55) but only if the Participant has satisfied the Rule of 65 (defined below), provided that the Participant has delivered a “written notice of termination,” which meets the requirements set forth below, to the Company at least thirty (30) days prior to the scheduled Retirement and otherwise complies with the definition of “Retirement” set forth immediately below. For purposes of this definition, “Retirement” will generally mean that the Participant is not working at all, except for (i) engaging in certain charitable or not-for-profit endeavors, (ii) management of the Participant’s personal investments, or (iii) providing advisory services on a limited basis or serving as a member of the board of directors of a public or private company (in each case, other than with respect to a Competitive Business). For purposes of this definition, “a written notice of termination” shall include, but shall not be limited to, a statement of the Participant’s intention to terminate his or her service with the Company that (x) specifies the Participant’s date of termination, (y) certifies that the Participant will not be employed by or provide services to any entity other than personal services provided to a charitable or non-profit organization, advisory services provided to an individual or entity on a limited basis or service as a member of the board of directors of a public or private company on the terms set forth above (and, if accepting such employment or providing such services, identifying the organization, individual or entity, as applicable, by name and describing the position, duties and/or relationships with such organization, individual or entity, as applicable), and (z) acknowledges the Participant’s agreement to provide other information regarding the Participant's reasons for termination and subsequent business activity upon request of the Company. For purposes of the definition of “Retirement”, “Rule of 65” means that the sum of the Participant’s age and years of combined and continuous service with the Company equals at least sixty-five (65). For purposes of determining the Rule of 65, only full years of service with the Company shall count as years of combined and continuous service.
4.    Effect of a Change in Control. In the event of a Change in Control, the Time Requirement shall be deemed satisfied. If the Option is assumed by a successor entity in connection with the Change in Control, the Option shall remain outstanding until the Expiration Date to the extent not previously terminated or forfeited, and shall vest upon the achievement of the Performance Requirement. If the Option is not assumed by a successor in connection with the Change in Control, to the extent not previously terminated or forfeited, the Option shall

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become immediately exercisable with respect to all of the Shares subject to the Option upon the Change in Control.
5.    Exercise of Option.
(a)    Period of Exercise. Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the Participant may exercise all or any part of the Vested Portion of the Option at any time prior to the Expiration Date. Following the Expiration Date, the Option, including the Vested Portion, shall be cancelled immediately, automatically, and without consideration of further action.
(b)    Method of Exercise.
(i)    Subject to Section 5(a), the Vested Portion may be exercised by delivering to the Company at its principal office written notice of intent to so exercise. The Option may be exercised in whole or in part, with respect to whole Shares only. Shares purchased upon the exercise of the Option shall be paid for in full at the time of purchase. Such payments shall be made (i) in cash or cash equivalents (including certified check or bank check or wire transfer of immediately available funds), (ii) by tendering previously acquired Shares, (iii) with the consent of the Committee, by delivery of other consideration having a Fair Market Value on the exercise date equal to the total purchase price, (iv) by withholding Shares otherwise issuable in connection with the exercise of the Option, or (v) by a combination of any of the foregoing, in accordance with procedures to be established by the Committee. Shares used as payment of the Exercise Price shall be valued at their Fair Market Value determined on the date of exercise, or if such date is not a business day, as of the close of the business day immediately preceding such date.
(ii)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the Option may not be exercised prior to the completion of any registration or qualification of the Option or the Shares under applicable state and federal securities or other laws, or under any ruling or regulation of any governmental body or national securities exchange that the Committee shall in its sole discretion determine to be necessary or advisable.
(iii)    Upon the Company’s determination that the Option has been validly exercised as to any of the Shares, the Company shall issue to the Participant such Shares within ten (10) days following such determination. Such Shares may be delivered to the Participant either by book-entry registration or in the form of a certificate or certificates, registered in the Participant’s name or in the names of the Participant’s legal representatives, beneficiaries or heirs, as applicable. In its sole discretion, the Committee may provide that the Shares to be issued upon an Option’s exercise shall be in the form of Restricted Stock or other similar securities. The Participant shall have no further rights with regard to the exercised portion of the Option once the underlying Shares have been delivered to the Participant.

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(iv)    In the event of the Participant’s death, the Vested Portion of the Option shall remain exercisable by the Participant’s executor or administrator, or the person or persons to whom the Participant’s rights under this Agreement shall pass by will or by the laws of descent and distribution as the case may be, to the extent set forth in Section 5(a). Any of the Participant’s heirs or legatees shall take rights herein granted subject to the terms and conditions hereof.
6.    Adjustments. In the event of any change in the outstanding Shares after the Grant Date by reason of any Share dividend or split, reorganization, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination, combination or transaction or exchange of Shares or other corporate exchange, or any distribution to shareholders of Shares other than regular cash dividends or any transaction similar to the foregoing, the Committee in its sole discretion and without liability to any person shall make such substitution or adjustment, if any, as it deems to be equitable, as to (i) the number or kind of Shares or other securities issued or reserved for issuance pursuant to the Option, (ii) the Exercise Price, (iii) the Performance Requirement, and/or (iv) any other affected terms of the Option.
7.    Transfer Restrictions.
(a)    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Option may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, or otherwise encumbered by the Participant. The Committee shall have the authority, in its discretion, to accelerate the time at which any portion or the entire Option vests.
(b)    No transfer by will or the applicable laws of descent and distribution of any Shares which are issuable upon exercise of the Option by reason of the Participant’s death shall be effective to bind the Company unless the Committee administering the Plan shall have been furnished with written notice of such transfer and a copy of the will or such other evidence as the Committee may deem necessary to establish the validity of the transfer.
8.    Taxes.
(a)    The Participant acknowledges that the Participant shall consult with the Participant’s own tax advisor regarding the federal, state and local tax consequences of the grant of the Option, the vesting of the Option and issuance of Shares to the Participant upon exercise of the Option and any other matters related to this Agreement. The Participant is relying solely on the Participant’s advisors and not on any statements or representations of the Company or any of its agents. The Participant understands that the Participant is solely responsible for the Participant’s own tax liability that may arise as a result of this grant or any other matters related to this Agreement.

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(b)    In order to comply with all applicable federal, state or local income tax laws or regulations, the Company may take such action as it deems appropriate to ensure that all income and payroll taxes, which are the Participant’s sole and absolute responsibility, are withheld or collected from the Participant at the minimum required withholding rate.
(c)    In accordance with the terms of the Plan, and such rules as may be adopted by the Committee administering the Plan, the Participant may elect, on or before the date that the amount of any tax required to be withheld is determined, to satisfy any applicable tax withholding obligations arising from the receipt or exercise of the Option by:
(i)    delivering cash (including check, draft, money order or wire transfer made payable to the order of the Company),
(ii)    having the Company withhold a portion of the Shares to be issued to the Participant upon exercise of the Option having a Fair Market Value equal to the minimum tax withholding amount for such taxes, or
(iii)    delivering to the Company Shares having a Fair Market Value equal to the minimum tax withholding amount for such taxes. The Company shall not deliver any fractional Share but shall pay, in lieu thereof, the Fair Market Value of such fractional Share.
9.    General Provisions.
(a)    Interpretations. This Agreement is subject in all respects to the terms of the Plan. A copy of the Plan is available to the Participant upon request. Terms used herein which are defined in the Plan shall have the respective meanings given to such terms in the Plan, unless otherwise defined herein. In the event that any provision of this Agreement is inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, the terms of the Plan shall govern. Any question of administration or interpretation arising under this Agreement shall be determined by the Committee administering the Plan, and such determination shall be final, conclusive and binding upon all parties in interest.
(b)    No Right to Continued Service. Nothing in this Agreement or the Plan shall be construed as giving the Participant the right to be retained as an employee, officer or other service provider to the Company. In addition, the Company may at any time dismiss the Participant from service free from any liability or any claim under this Agreement, unless otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement.
(c)    Securities Matters. The Company shall not be required to issue or deliver any Shares until the requirements of any federal or state securities or other laws, rules or regulations (including the rules of any securities exchange) as may be determined by the Company to be applicable are satisfied.

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(d)    Headings. Headings are given to the sections and subsections of this Agreement solely as a convenience to facilitate reference. Such headings shall not be deemed in any way material or relevant to the construction or interpretation of this Agreement or any provision hereof.
(e)    Saving Clause. If any provision(s) of this Agreement shall be determined to be illegal or unenforceable, such determination shall in no manner affect the legality or enforceability of any other provision hereof.
(f)    Section 409A of the Code. The Option is intended to constitute a “stock right” that does not provide for a “deferral of compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code and shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with that intention.
(g)    Rights as a Stockholder. The Participant shall have no rights as a stockholder with respect to any Shares issuable or transferable upon exercise of the Option until the date that the Shares are issued to the Participant. Except as otherwise expressly provided in the Agreement, no adjustment shall be made for cash dividends or other rights for which the record date is prior to the date such Shares are issued to the Participant.
(h)    Clawback. If the Company’s fiscal year end financials are restated and it is found that the Participant’s misconduct led to the restatement, the Option granted hereunder may be forfeited and Shares received by the Participant upon exercise of the Option or proceeds received by the Participant upon the sale of Shares received upon exercise of the Option may be recovered by the Company in an amount determined by the Committee and to the maximum extent required to comply with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
(i)    Nature of Payments. This Agreement is in consideration of services performed or to be performed for the Company or any subsidiary, division or business unit of the Company. Any income or gain realized pursuant to this Agreement shall constitute a special incentive payment to the Participant and shall not be taken into account, to the extent permissible under applicable law, as compensation for purposes of any of the employee benefit plans of the Company or any subsidiary except as may be determined by the Committee or by the Board or board of directors of the applicable subsidiary.
(j)    Governing Law. The internal law, and not the law of conflicts, of the State of Maryland shall govern all questions concerning the validity, construction and effect of this Agreement.
(k)    Notices. The Participant shall send all written notices regarding this Agreement or the Plan to the Company at the following address:

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Tiptree Inc.
299 Park Avenue, 13th Floor
New York, New York 10171
Attn:    General Counsel

Email: legal@tiptreeinc.com

(l)    Benefit and Binding Effect. This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto, their respective successors, permitted assigns, and legal representatives. The Company has the right to assign this Agreement, and such assignee shall become entitled to all the rights of the Company hereunder to the extent of such assignment.

**Signature Page Follows**





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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company by one of its duly authorized officers has executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.
TIPTREE INC.


By:     
Name:
Title:
ACKNOWLEDGED AND AGREED
By:     
Name:
Dated:



Exhibit 10.6
RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AGREEMENT
UNDER THE TIPTREE INC. 2017 OMNIBUS INCENTIVE PLAN

Name of Participant:
[●]
Number of Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”):
[●]
Grant Date
[DATE]

This Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (this “Agreement”) is between Tiptree Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and the Participant named above.
For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Participant hereby agree as follows:
1.Award of Restricted Stock Units. On the Grant Date, the Company grants to the Participant RSUs, on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth and in accordance with the terms of the Tiptree Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as it may be amended from time to time, the “Plan”), for that number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Shares”), indicated above.
2.    Vesting. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the RSUs shall become vested with respect to one-third (1/3rd) of the RSUs on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of February 15, 20[●] (each such anniversary, a “Vesting Date”), subject to the Participant’s continued service with the Company on each applicable Vesting Date.
For purposes of this Agreement, “service with the Company” means the Participant’s continued service as an employee of, or officer or other service provider with, the Company, any parent or subsidiary of the Company or any other entity that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company, including Corvid Peak Holdings, L.P. The Participant’s service with the Company shall not be deemed to have terminated if the Participant takes any military leave, sick leave, or other bona fide leave of absence approved by the Company regardless of whether pay is suspended during such leave.

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3.    Issuance of Shares. The Company shall issue to the Participant within thirty (30) days following a Vesting Date, a number of Shares equal to the number of RSUs vesting on such Vesting Date. Such Shares may be delivered to the Participant either by book-entry registration or in the form of a certificate or certificates, registered in the Participant’s name or in the names of the Participant’s legal representatives, beneficiaries or heirs, as applicable. The Participant shall have no further rights with regard to the RSUs once the underlying Shares have been delivered to the Participant.
4.    Effect of Termination of Employment.
(a)    Except as provided in Section 4(b), the Participant’s rights to RSUs that are not vested shall be immediately and irrevocably forfeited upon a termination of the Participant’s service with the Company, including the right to receive dividend equivalents as provided in Section 7(b) of this Agreement.
(b)    Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that a termination of the Participant’s service with the Company occurs:
(i)    due to the Participant’s death or due to the Participant’s Disability (as defined below), any unvested RSUs shall become vested, and the date of the termination of the Participant’s service under such circumstances shall be the “Vesting Date” for purposes of this Agreement; or
(ii)    due to a termination of the Participant’s service by the Company without Cause (as defined below) or as a result of the Participant’s Retirement (as defined below), any unvested RSUs shall remain outstanding and shall vest on the Vesting Date or Vesting Dates that follow such termination in accordance with Section 2; provided, however, that all unvested RSUs shall be forfeited in the event that the Participant engages in Competition (as defined below).
(c)    Cause” shall mean any one of the following (i) any event constituting “Cause” as defined in any employment agreement or similar agreement, if any, then in effect between the Participant and the Company or any of its Affiliates, (ii) the Participant’s engagement in misconduct which is materially injurious to the Company or any of its Affiliates, (iii) the Participant’s failure to substantially perform his duties to the Company or any of its Affiliates, (iv) the Participant’s repeated dishonesty in the performance of his duties to the Company or any of its Affiliates, (v) the Participant’s commission of an act or acts constituting any (x) fraud against, or misappropriation or embezzlement from the Company or any of its Affiliates, (y) crime involving moral turpitude, or (z) offense that could result in a jail sentence of at least 30 days or (vi) the Participant’s material breach of any confidentiality or non-

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competition covenant entered into between the Participant and the Company or any of its Affiliates.
(d)    Competition” shall mean the Participant engaging in, participating in, carrying on, owning, or managing, directly or indirectly, either for himself or as a partner, stockholder, officer, director, employee, agent, independent contractor, representative, co-venturer, or consultant (whether compensated or not), any business, partnership, corporation, or other enterprise that is a Competitive Business.
(e)    Competitive Business” shall mean (i) an asset management business of similar size and scope as the Company (a “Competitor”); provided that an asset management business shall be excluded from the definition of Competitor if (A) the average assets under management of that business over the three (3) years prior to the date of termination of the Participant’s service with the Company is equal to or exceeds the greater of (x) $5.0 billion and (y) 120% of the assets under management of, and assets owned by, the Company on the date of the termination of the Participant’s service with the Company, and (B) that such entity has reported EBITDA (or other similar measure) equal to or exceeding 120% of the Adjusted EBITDA as most recently publicly reported by the Company prior to the date of the termination of the Participant’s service with the Company; or (ii) a business of similar size and scope as, and providing similar products or services to, any subsidiary of the Company, including, if applicable, an asset management subsidiary, which represents more than 20% of the Adjusted EBITDA as most recently publicly reported by the Company, but only if such subsidiary is not being treated as a discontinued operation under GAAP or in the process of being sold or otherwise wound down as of the date of the termination of the Participant’s service with the Company (a “Material Subsidiary Competitor”); provided, however, that the foregoing shall not prohibit the Participant from (i) after the termination of the Participant’s service with the Company, performing services for an entity that is engaged in a Competitive Business, so long as the Participant is not providing services in a material way for that part of the business that is engaged in a Competitive Business and that part of the business that constitutes a Competitive Business does not represent 20% or more of the earnings of such entity; or (ii) being a passive owner of not more than 2% of the outstanding stock of any class of a corporation or other business entity which is publicly traded.
(f)    Disability” shall have the meaning as defined under the Company’s long-term disability plan or policy that covers the Participant, or, in the event that the Company has no long-term disability plan or policy covering the Participant or such definition does not comply with Section 409A of the Code, “Disability” shall have the same meaning as defined under Section 409A of the Code.
(g)    Retirement” shall mean a termination by the Participant of his or her service with the Company following the Participant’s attainment of age fifty-five (55) but only if

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the Participant has satisfied the Rule of 65 (defined below), provided that the Participant has delivered a “written notice of termination,” which meets the requirements set forth below, to the Company at least thirty (30) days prior to the scheduled Retirement and otherwise complies with the definition of “Retirement” set forth immediately below. For purposes of this definition, “Retirement” will generally mean that the Participant is not working at all, except for (i) engaging in certain charitable or not-for-profit endeavors, (ii) management of the Participant’s personal investments, or (iii) providing advisory services on a limited basis or serving as a member of the board of directors of a public or private company (in each case, other than with respect to a Competitive Business). For purposes of this definition, “a written notice of termination” shall include, but shall not be limited to, a statement of the Participant’s intention to terminate his or her service with the Company that (x) specifies the Participant’s date of termination, (y) certifies that the Participant will not be employed by or provide services to any entity other than personal services provided to a charitable or non-profit organization, advisory services provided to an individual or entity on a limited basis or service as a member of the board of directors of a public or private company on the terms set forth above (and, if accepting such employment or providing such services, identifying the organization, individual or entity, as applicable, by name and describing the position, duties and/or relationships with such organization, individual or entity, as applicable), and (z) acknowledges the Participant’s agreement to provide other information regarding the Participant's reasons for termination and subsequent business activity upon request of the Company. For purposes of the definition of “Retirement”, “Rule of 65” means that the sum of the Participant’s age and years of combined and continuous service with the Company equals at least sixty-five (65). For purposes of determining the Rule of 65, only full years of service with the Company shall count as years of combined and continuous service.
5.    Effect of a Change in Control. In the event of a Change in Control, all unvested RSUs that have not been previously forfeited shall immediately vest and the Company shall issue to the Participant on the effective date of the Change in Control a number of Shares equal to the number of RSUs vesting on such date.
6.    Transfer Restrictions.
(a)    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the RSUs may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, or otherwise encumbered by the Participant.
(b)    No transfer by will or the applicable laws of descent and distribution of any Shares which are issuable to the Participant upon settlement of the RSUs by reason of the Participant’s death shall be effective to bind the Company unless the Committee administering the Plan shall have been furnished with written notice of such transfer and a copy of the will or

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such other evidence as the Committee may deem necessary to establish the validity of the transfer.
7.    Distributions and Adjustments.
(a)    If there is any change in the number or character of the Shares without additional consideration paid to the Company (through any stock dividend or other distribution, recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, repurchase or exchange of shares or otherwise), other than a dividend in which the RSU is credited with dividend equivalent rights pursuant to Section 7(b) below, the Committee administering the Plan shall, in such manner and to such extent (if any) as it deems appropriate and equitable, adjust the number of RSUs subject to this Agreement accordingly, in its sole discretion. Any fractional RSU resulting from an adjustment under this Section 7(a) shall be rounded down to the nearest whole unit.
(b)    RSUs shall be credited with dividend equivalents at such times as dividends, whether in the form of cash, Shares, or other property are paid with respect to the Shares. Subject to applicable withholding requirements, any such dividend equivalents shall be paid on the dividend payment date to the Participant as if each RSU held by the Participant were an outstanding Share, provided that the Participant is then providing services to the Company.
8.    Taxes.
(a)    The Participant acknowledges that the Participant shall consult with the Participant’s own tax advisor regarding the federal, state and local tax consequences of the grant of the RSUs, payment of dividend equivalents on the RSUs, the vesting of the RSUs and issuance of Shares to the Participant in settlement of the RSUs and any other matters related to this Agreement. The Participant is relying solely on the Participant’s advisors and not on any statements or representations of the Company or any of its agents. The Participant understands that the Participant is solely responsible for the Participant’s own tax liability that may arise as a result of this grant or any other matters related to this Agreement.
(b)    In order to comply with all applicable federal, state or local income tax laws or regulations, the Company may take such action as it deems appropriate to ensure that all income and payroll taxes, which are the Participant’s sole and absolute responsibility, are withheld or collected from the Participant at the minimum required withholding rate.
(c)    In accordance with the terms of the Plan, and such rules as may be adopted by the Committee administering the Plan, the Participant may elect, on or before the date that the amount of any tax required to be withheld is determined, to satisfy any applicable

5


tax withholding obligations arising from the receipt of, or the lapse of restrictions relating to, the RSUs (including property attributable to the RSUs described in Section 7(b) above) by:
(i)    delivering cash (including check, draft, money order or wire transfer made payable to the order of the Company),
(ii)    to the extent permitted by the Committee, in its sole discretion, having the Company withhold a portion of the Shares to be issued to the Participant in settlement of the RSUs having a Fair Market Value equal to the minimum tax withholding amount for such taxes (at the time of settlement and/or upon the earlier vesting of the RSUs, as applicable), or
(iii)    delivering to the Company Shares having a Fair Market Value equal to the minimum tax withholding amount for such taxes. The Company shall not deliver any fractional Share but shall pay, in lieu thereof, the Fair Market Value of such fractional Share.
9.    General Provisions.
(a)    Interpretations. This Agreement is subject in all respects to the terms of the Plan. A copy of the Plan is available to the Participant upon request. Terms used herein which are defined in the Plan shall have the respective meanings given to such terms in the Plan, unless otherwise defined herein. In the event that any provision of this Agreement is inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, the terms of the Plan shall govern. Any question of administration or interpretation arising under this Agreement shall be determined by the Committee administering the Plan, and such determination shall be final, conclusive and binding upon all parties in interest.
(b)    No Right to Continued Service. Nothing in this Agreement or the Plan shall be construed as giving the Participant the right to be retained as an employee, officer or other service provider to the Company. In addition, the Company may at any time dismiss the Participant from service free from any liability or any claim under this Agreement, unless otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement.
(c)    Securities Matters. The Company shall not be required to issue or deliver any Shares until the requirements of any federal or state securities or other laws, rules or regulations (including the rules of any securities exchange) as may be determined by the Company to be applicable are satisfied.
(d)    Headings. Headings are given to the sections and subsections of this Agreement solely as a convenience to facilitate reference. Such headings shall not be deemed in any way material or relevant to the construction or interpretation of this Agreement or any provision hereof.

6


(e)    Saving Clause. If any provision(s) of this Agreement shall be determined to be illegal or unenforceable, such determination shall in no manner affect the legality or enforceability of any other provision hereof.
(f)    Section 409A of the Code. The RSUs granted hereunder are intended to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code and shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with that intention. Notwithstanding the foregoing or any provision of the Plan or this Agreement, if any provision of this Agreement contravenes Section 409A of the Code or could cause the Participant to incur any tax, interest or penalties under Section 409A of the Code, the Board or the Committee, as applicable, may, in its sole discretion, and without the Participant’s consent, modify such provision to (i) comply with, or avoid being subject to, Section 409A of the Code, or to avoid the incurrence of any taxes, interest and penalties under Section 409A of the Code, and/or (ii) maintain to the maximum extent practicable, the original intent and economic benefit to the Participant of the applicable provision without materially increasing the cost to the Company or contravening the provisions of Section 409A of the Code. This Section 9(f) does not create an obligation on the part of the Company to modify the Plan or this Agreement and does not guarantee that the RSUs or Shares distributed hereunder shall not be subject to taxes, interest and penalties under Section 409A of the Code. For purposes of this Agreement, to the extent required to satisfy the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, references to termination of service with the Company shall be required to mean a “separation of service” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code and the regulations thereunder (after giving effect to the presumptions contained therein).
(g)    Rights as a Stockholder. The Participant shall have no rights as a stockholder of the Company with respect to any Shares issuable upon the vesting of an RSU until the date that the Shares are issued to the Participant.
(h)    Clawback. If the Company’s fiscal year end financials are restated and it is found that the Participant’s misconduct led to the restatement, any unvested RSUs granted hereunder may be forfeited and Shares received by the Participant upon settlement of an RSU or proceeds received by the Participant upon the sale of Shares received upon settlement of an RSU may be recovered in an amount determined by the Committee and to the maximum extent required to comply with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
(i)    Nature of Payments. This Agreement is in consideration of services performed or to be performed for the Company or any subsidiary, division or business unit of the Company. Any income or gain realized pursuant to this Agreement shall constitute a special incentive payment to the Participant and shall not be taken into account, to the extent permissible under applicable law, as compensation for purposes of any of the employee benefit plans of the

7


Company or any subsidiary except as may be determined by the Committee or by the Board or board of directors of the applicable subsidiary.
(j)    Governing Law. The internal law, and not the law of conflicts, of the State of Maryland shall govern all questions concerning the validity, construction and effect of this Agreement.
(k)    Notices. The Participant shall send all written notices regarding this Agreement or the Plan to the Company at the following address:
Tiptree Inc.
299 Park Avenue
13th Floor
New York, New York 10171
Attn:    General Counsel

Email: legal@tiptreeinc.com

(l)    Benefit and Binding Effect. This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto, their respective successors, permitted assigns, and legal representatives. The Company has the right to assign this Agreement, and such assignee shall become entitled to all the rights of the Company hereunder to the extent of such assignment.
**Signature Page Follows**

8



IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company by one of its duly authorized officers has executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.
TIPTREE INC.


By:     
Name:
Title:
ACKNOWLEDGED AND AGREED

By:     
Name:
Dated:


9

Exhibit 10.7
RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AGREEMENT
UNDER THE TIPTREE INC. 2017 OMNIBUS INCENTIVE PLAN

Name of Participant:
[●]
Number of Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”):
[●]
Grant Date
[DATE]

This Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (this “Agreement”) is between Tiptree Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and the Participant named above.
For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Participant hereby agree as follows:
1.Award of Restricted Stock Units. On the Grant Date, the Company grants to the Participant RSUs, on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth and in accordance with the terms of the Tiptree Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as it may be amended from time to time, the “Plan”), for that number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Shares”), indicated above.
2.    Vesting. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the RSUs shall become 100% vested on February 15, 20[●] (the “Vesting Date”), subject to the Participant’s continued service with the Company on the Vesting Date.
For purposes of this Agreement, “service with the Company” means the Participant’s continued service as an employee of, or officer or other service provider with, the Company, any parent or subsidiary of the Company or any other entity that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company, including Corvid Peak Holdings, L.P. The Participant’s service with the Company shall not be deemed to have terminated if the Participant takes any military leave, sick leave, or other bona fide leave of absence approved by the Company regardless of whether pay is suspended during such leave.
3.    Issuance of Shares. The Company shall issue to the Participant within thirty (30) days following the Vesting Date, a number of Shares equal to the number of RSUs vesting on the Vesting Date. Such Shares may be delivered to the Participant either by book-entry registration or in the form of a certificate or certificates, registered in the Participant’s name or in the names of the Participant’s legal representatives, beneficiaries or heirs, as applicable. The Participant shall have no further rights with regard to the RSUs once the underlying Shares have been delivered to the Participant.
4.    Effect of Termination of Employment.
(a)    Except as provided in Section 4(b), the Participant’s rights to RSUs that are not vested shall be immediately and irrevocably forfeited upon a termination of the Participant’s service with the Company, including the right to receive dividend equivalents as provided in Section 7(b) of this Agreement.
(b)    Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that a termination of the Participant’s service with the Company occurs:
(i)    due to the Participant’s death or due to the Participant’s Disability (as defined below), any unvested RSUs shall become vested, and the date of the termination of the Participant’s service under such circumstances shall be the “Vesting Date” for purposes of this Agreement; or
(ii)    due to a termination of the Participant’s service by the Company without Cause (as defined below) or as a result of the Participant’s Retirement (as defined below), any unvested RSUs shall remain outstanding and shall vest on the Vesting Date in accordance with Section 2; provided, however, that all unvested RSUs shall be forfeited in the event that the Participant engages in Competition (as defined below).
(c)    Cause” shall mean any one of the following (i) any event constituting “Cause” as defined in any employment agreement or similar agreement, if any, then in effect between the Participant and the Company or any of its Affiliates, (ii) the Participant’s engagement in misconduct which is materially injurious to the Company or any of its Affiliates, (iii) the Participant’s failure to substantially perform his duties to the Company or any of its Affiliates, (iv) the Participant’s repeated dishonesty in the performance of his duties to the Company or any of its Affiliates, (v) the Participant’s commission of an act or acts constituting any (x) fraud against, or misappropriation or embezzlement from the Company or any of its Affiliates, (y) crime involving moral turpitude, or (z) offense that could result in a jail sentence of at least 30 days or (vi) the Participant’s material breach of any confidentiality or non-competition covenant entered into between the Participant and the Company or any of its Affiliates.
(d)    Competition” shall mean the Participant engaging in, participating in, carrying on, owning, or managing, directly or indirectly, either for himself or as a partner, stockholder, officer, director, employee, agent, independent contractor, representative, co-venturer, or consultant (whether compensated or not), any business, partnership, corporation, or other enterprise that is a Competitive Business.
(e)    Competitive Business” shall mean (i) an asset management business of similar size and scope as the Company (a “Competitor”); provided that an asset management business shall be excluded from the definition of Competitor if (A) the average assets under management of that business over the three (3) years prior to the date of termination of the Participant’s service with the Company is equal to or exceeds the greater of (x) $5.0 billion and (y) 120% of the assets under management of, and assets owned by, the Company on the date of the termination of the Participant’s service with the Company, and (B) that such entity has reported EBITDA (or other similar measure) equal to or exceeding 120% of the Adjusted EBITDA as most recently publicly reported by the Company prior to the date of the termination of the Participant’s service with the Company; or (ii) a business of similar size and scope as, and providing similar products or services to, any subsidiary of the Company, including, if applicable, an asset management subsidiary, which represents more than 20% of the Adjusted EBITDA as most recently publicly reported by the Company, but only if such subsidiary is not being treated as a discontinued operation under GAAP or in the process of being sold or otherwise wound down as of the date of the termination of the Participant’s service with the Company (a “Material Subsidiary Competitor”); provided, however, that the foregoing shall not prohibit the Participant from (i) after the termination of the Participant’s service with the Company, performing services for an entity that is engaged in a Competitive Business, so long as the Participant is not providing services in a material way for that part of the business that is engaged in a Competitive Business and that part of the business that constitutes a Competitive Business does not represent 20% or more of the earnings of such entity; or (ii) being a passive owner of not more than 2% of the outstanding stock of any class of a corporation or other business entity which is publicly traded.
(f)    Disability” shall have the meaning as defined under the Company’s long-term disability plan or policy that covers the Participant, or, in the event that the Company has no long-term disability plan or policy covering the Participant or such definition does not comply with Section 409A of the Code, “Disability” shall have the same meaning as defined under Section 409A of the Code.
(g)    Retirement” shall mean a termination by the Participant of his or her service with the Company following the Participant’s attainment of age fifty-five (55) but only if the Participant has satisfied the Rule of 65 (defined below), provided that the Participant has delivered a “written notice of termination,” which meets the requirements set forth below, to the Company at least thirty (30) days prior to the scheduled Retirement and otherwise complies with the definition of “Retirement” set forth immediately below. For purposes of this definition, “Retirement” will generally mean that the Participant is not working at all, except for (i) engaging in certain charitable or not-for-profit endeavors, (ii) management of the Participant’s personal investments, or (iii) providing advisory services on a limited basis or serving as a member of the board of directors of a public or private company (in each case, other than with respect to a Competitive Business). For purposes of this definition, “a written notice of termination” shall include, but shall not be limited to, a statement of the Participant’s intention to terminate his or her service with the Company that (x) specifies the Participant’s date of termination, (y) certifies that the Participant will not be employed by or provide services to any entity other than personal services provided to a charitable or non-profit organization, advisory services provided to an individual or entity on a limited basis or service as a member of the board of directors of a public or private company on the terms set forth above (and, if accepting such employment or providing such services, identifying the organization, individual or entity, as applicable, by name and describing the position, duties and/or relationships with such organization, individual or entity, as applicable), and (z) acknowledges the Participant’s agreement to provide other information regarding the Participant's reasons for termination and subsequent business activity upon request of the Company. For purposes of the definition of “Retirement”, “Rule of 65” means that the sum of the Participant’s age and years of combined and continuous service with the Company equals at least sixty-five (65). For purposes of determining the Rule of 65, only full years of service with the Company shall count as years of combined and continuous service.
5.    Effect of a Change in Control. In the event of a Change in Control, all unvested RSUs that have not been previously forfeited shall immediately vest and the Company shall issue to the Participant on the effective date of the Change in Control a number of Shares equal to the number of RSUs vesting on such date.
6.    Transfer Restrictions.
(a)    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the RSUs may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, or otherwise encumbered by the Participant.
(b)    No transfer by will or the applicable laws of descent and distribution of any Shares which are issuable to the Participant upon settlement of the RSUs by reason of the Participant’s death shall be effective to bind the Company unless the Committee administering the Plan shall have been furnished with written notice of such transfer and a copy of the will or such other evidence as the Committee may deem necessary to establish the validity of the transfer.
7.    Distributions and Adjustments.
(a)    If there is any change in the number or character of the Shares without additional consideration paid to the Company (through any stock dividend or other distribution, recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, repurchase or exchange of shares or otherwise), other than a dividend in which the RSU is credited with dividend equivalent rights pursuant to Section 7(b) below, the Committee administering the Plan shall, in such manner and to such extent (if any) as it deems appropriate and equitable, adjust the number of RSUs subject to this Agreement accordingly, in its sole discretion. Any fractional RSU resulting from an adjustment under this Section 7(a) shall be rounded down to the nearest whole unit.
(b)    RSUs shall be credited with dividend equivalents at such times as dividends, whether in the form of cash, Shares, or other property are paid with respect to the Shares. Subject to applicable withholding requirements, any such dividend equivalents shall be paid on the dividend payment date to the Participant as if each RSU held by the Participant were an outstanding Share, provided that the Participant is then providing services to the Company.
8.    Taxes.
(a)    The Participant acknowledges that the Participant shall consult with the Participant’s own tax advisor regarding the federal, state and local tax consequences of the grant of the RSUs, payment of dividend equivalents on the RSUs, the vesting of the RSUs and issuance of Shares to the Participant in settlement of the RSUs and any other matters related to this Agreement. The Participant is relying solely on the Participant’s advisors and not on any statements or representations of the Company or any of its agents. The Participant understands that the Participant is solely responsible for the Participant’s own tax liability that may arise as a result of this grant or any other matters related to this Agreement.
(b)    In order to comply with all applicable federal, state or local income tax laws or regulations, the Company may take such action as it deems appropriate to ensure that all income and payroll taxes, which are the Participant’s sole and absolute responsibility, are withheld or collected from the Participant at the minimum required withholding rate.
(c)    In accordance with the terms of the Plan, and such rules as may be adopted by the Committee administering the Plan, the Participant may elect, on or before the date that the amount of any tax required to be withheld is determined, to satisfy any applicable tax withholding obligations arising from the receipt of, or the lapse of restrictions relating to, the RSUs (including property attributable to the RSUs described in Section 7(b) above) by:
(i)    delivering cash (including check, draft, money order or wire transfer made payable to the order of the Company),
(ii)    to the extent permitted by the Committee, in its sole discretion, having the Company withhold a portion of the Shares to be issued to the Participant in settlement of the RSUs having a Fair Market Value equal to the minimum tax withholding amount for such taxes (at the time of settlement and/or upon the earlier vesting of the RSUs, as applicable), or
(iii)    delivering to the Company Shares having a Fair Market Value equal to the minimum tax withholding amount for such taxes. The Company shall not deliver any fractional Share but shall pay, in lieu thereof, the Fair Market Value of such fractional Share.
9.    General Provisions.
(a)    Interpretations. This Agreement is subject in all respects to the terms of the Plan. A copy of the Plan is available to the Participant upon request. Terms used herein which are defined in the Plan shall have the respective meanings given to such terms in the Plan, unless otherwise defined herein. In the event that any provision of this Agreement is inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, the terms of the Plan shall govern. Any question of administration or interpretation arising under this Agreement shall be determined by the Committee administering the Plan, and such determination shall be final, conclusive and binding upon all parties in interest.
(b)    No Right to Continued Service. Nothing in this Agreement or the Plan shall be construed as giving the Participant the right to be retained as an employee, officer or other service provider to the Company. In addition, the Company may at any time dismiss the Participant from service free from any liability or any claim under this Agreement, unless otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement.
(c)    Securities Matters. The Company shall not be required to issue or deliver any Shares until the requirements of any federal or state securities or other laws, rules or regulations (including the rules of any securities exchange) as may be determined by the Company to be applicable are satisfied.
(d)    Headings. Headings are given to the sections and subsections of this Agreement solely as a convenience to facilitate reference. Such headings shall not be deemed in any way material or relevant to the construction or interpretation of this Agreement or any provision hereof.
(e)    Saving Clause. If any provision(s) of this Agreement shall be determined to be illegal or unenforceable, such determination shall in no manner affect the legality or enforceability of any other provision hereof.
(f)    Section 409A of the Code. The RSUs granted hereunder are intended to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code and shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with that intention. Notwithstanding the foregoing or any provision of the Plan or this Agreement, if any provision of this Agreement contravenes Section 409A of the Code or could cause the Participant to incur any tax, interest or penalties under Section 409A of the Code, the Board or the Committee, as applicable, may, in its sole discretion, and without the Participant’s consent, modify such provision to (i) comply with, or avoid being subject to, Section 409A of the Code, or to avoid the incurrence of any taxes, interest and penalties under Section 409A of the Code, and/or (ii) maintain to the maximum extent practicable, the original intent and economic benefit to the Participant of the applicable provision without materially increasing the cost to the Company or contravening the provisions of Section 409A of the Code. This Section 9(f) does not create an obligation on the part of the Company to modify the Plan or this Agreement and does not guarantee that the RSUs or Shares distributed hereunder shall not be subject to taxes, interest and penalties under Section 409A of the Code. For purposes of this Agreement, to the extent required to satisfy the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, references to termination of service with the Company shall be required to mean a “separation of service” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code and the regulations thereunder (after giving effect to the presumptions contained therein).
(g)    Rights as a Stockholder. The Participant shall have no rights as a stockholder of the Company with respect to any Shares issuable upon the vesting of an RSU until the date that the Shares are issued to the Participant.
(h)    Clawback. If the Company’s fiscal year end financials are restated and it is found that the Participant’s misconduct led to the restatement, any unvested RSUs granted hereunder may be forfeited and Shares received by the Participant upon settlement of an RSU or proceeds received by the Participant upon the sale of Shares received upon settlement of an RSU may be recovered in an amount determined by the Committee and to the maximum extent required to comply with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
(i)    Nature of Payments. This Agreement is in consideration of services performed or to be performed for the Company or any subsidiary, division or business unit of the Company. Any income or gain realized pursuant to this Agreement shall constitute a special incentive payment to the Participant and shall not be taken into account, to the extent permissible under applicable law, as compensation for purposes of any of the employee benefit plans of the Company or any subsidiary except as may be determined by the Committee or by the Board or board of directors of the applicable subsidiary.
(j)    Governing Law. The internal law, and not the law of conflicts, of the State of Maryland shall govern all questions concerning the validity, construction and effect of this Agreement.
(k)    Notices. The Participant shall send all written notices regarding this Agreement or the Plan to the Company at the following address:

Tiptree Inc.
299 Park Avenue
13th Floor
New York, New York 10171
Attn:    General Counsel
Email: legal@tiptreeinc.com
(l)    Benefit and Binding Effect. This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto, their respective successors, permitted assigns, and legal representatives. The Company has the right to assign this Agreement, and such assignee shall become entitled to all the rights of the Company hereunder to the extent of such assignment.
**Signature Page Follows**

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company by one of its duly authorized officers has executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.
TIPTREE INC.


By:     
Name:
Title:
ACKNOWLEDGED AND AGREED
By:     
Name:
Dated:


1

EXHIBIT 21.1

Name(1)
 
Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization
4Warranty Corporation
 
Florida
Caroline Holdings LLC
 
Delaware
Fortegra Financial Corporation
 
Delaware
Insurance Company of the South
 
Georgia
Life of the South Insurance Company
 
Georgia
LOTS Reassurance Company
 
Turks & Caicos Islands, BWI
LOTSolutions, Inc.
 
Georgia
Luxury Mortgage Corp.
 
Delaware (67.5% owned)
Lyndon Southern Insurance Company
 
Delaware
Reliance First Capital, LLC
 
Delaware (93.9% owned)
Response Indemnity Company of California
 
California
Tiptree Direct Holdings LLC
 
Delaware
Tiptree Operating Company, LLC
 
Delaware

(1)
As of December 31, 2019. Subsidiaries are 100% owned unless otherwise noted.



EXHIBIT 23.1


Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-226710 on Form S-3, and Registration Statement Nos. 333-192501 and 333-218827 on Form S-8 of our reports dated March 11, 2020, relating to the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule of Tiptree Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”), and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2019.


/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
New York, New York
March 11, 2020



EXHIBIT 23.2



KPMG LLP
Bay Adelaide Centre
333 Bay Street, Suite 4600
Toronto, ON M5H 2S5
Canada
Tel 416-777-8500
Fax 416-777-8818



CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

The Board of Directors of Invesque Inc.,

We consent to the inclusion in the annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 of Tiptree Inc. of our independent auditors' report dated March 13, 2019 on the consolidated statement of financial position of Invesque Inc. as of December 31, 2018, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information (the consolidated financial statements).

Our independent auditors' report on the consolidated financial statements refers the fact that we have previously audited, in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, the financial statements of Invesque Inc. as at and for the year ended December 31, 2017, in respect of which we expressed an unmodified audit opinion, and that in our opinion, the summarized comparative information presented of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 is consistent, in all material respects, with the audited financial statements from which it has been derived.

We also consent to the incorporation by reference of such report in the following registration statements of Tiptree Inc.:

1.Registration Statement - Form S-3 - File No. 333-226710
2.Registration Statement - Form S-8 - File No. 333-218827
3.Registration Statement - Form S-8 - File No. 333-192501


/s/ KPMG LLP

Chartered Professional Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants

March 11, 2020
Toronto, Canada


KPMG LLP is a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. KPMG Canada provides services to KPMG LLP.

EXHIBIT 31.1



CERTIFICATIONS
I, Michael Barnes, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Tiptree Inc.;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date:
March 11, 2020
 
/s/ Michael Barnes
 
 
 
Michael Barnes
 
 
 
Executive Chairman



EXHIBIT 31.2



CERTIFICATIONS
I, Jonathan Ilany, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Tiptree Inc.;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date:
March 11, 2020
 
/s/ Jonathan Ilany
 
 
 
Jonathan Ilany
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer




EXHIBIT 31.3



CERTIFICATIONS
I, Sandra Bell, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Tiptree Inc.;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date:
March 11, 2020
 
/s/ Sandra Bell
 
 
 
Sandra Bell

 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT 32.1



Certification Pursuant to Section 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Tiptree Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Michael Barnes, the Executive Chairman of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that;
(i) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(ii) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 
/s/ Michael Barnes
Michael Barnes
Executive Chairman
Date: March 11, 2020



EXHIBIT 32.2



Certification Pursuant to Section 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Tiptree Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Jonathan Ilany, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that;
(i) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(ii) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 
/s/ Jonathan Ilany
Jonathan Ilany
Chief Executive Officer
Date: March 11, 2020



EXHIBIT 32.3



Certification Pursuant to Section 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Tiptree Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Sandra Bell, the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that;
(i) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(ii) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 
/s/ Sandra Bell
Sandra Bell
Chief Financial Officer
Date: March 11, 2020


EXHIBIT 99.1












Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in U.S. dollars)

INVESQUE INC.
            
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
 
            




INVESQUE INC.
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)


 
 
December 31, 2019

 
December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
Cash
$
11,838

 
$
26,978

 
Tenant and other receivables
7,073

 
5,371

 
Property tax receivables
11,020

 
10,173

 
Loans receivable (note 3)
4,113

 
12,241

 
Assets held for sale (note 6)
12,201

 

 
Other (note 4)
6,184

 
5,598

 
 
52,429

 
60,361

 
 
 
 
 
Non-current assets:
 
 
 
 
Loans receivable (note 3)
44,789

 
20,181

 
Derivative instruments (note 10)
64

 
1,722

 
Investment in joint ventures (note 7)
99,321

 
84,658

 
Investment properties (note 5)
969,634

 
1,115,530

 
Property, plant and equipment, net (note 6)
459,942

 
507

 
Other non-current assets (note 4)
4,559

 
1,000

 
 
1,578,309

 
1,223,598

 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
1,630,738

 
$
1,283,959

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$
18,885

 
$
9,871

 
Accrued real estate taxes
13,066

 
11,052

 
Dividends payable
3,354

 
3,253

 
Liability to previous owner of Care

 
9,676

 
Credit facilities (note 8)
14,569

 
12,647

 
Mortgages payable (note 9)
43,024

 
49,444

 
Other current liabilities (note 13)
3,015

 
2,030

 
 
95,913

 
97,973

 
 
 
 
 
Non-current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Credit facilities (note 8)
632,390

 
325,493

 
Mortgages payable (note 9)
232,443

 
253,886

 
Convertible debentures (note 11)
91,049

 
89,745

 
Commonwealth preferred unit liability (note 12)
63,654

 

 
Derivative instruments (note 10)
7,966

 
651

 
Deferred tax liability (note 23)
6,944

 
7,011

 
Other non-current liabilities (note 13)
16,736

 
12,785

 
Non-controlling interest liability
3,499

 
2,947

 
 
1,054,681

 
692,518

 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
1,150,594

 
790,491

 
 
 
 
 
Shareholders' equity:
 
 
 
 
Common share capital (note 15)
504,561

 
493,165

 
Equity settled deferred shares
733

 

 
Preferred share capital (note 15)
85,389

 
71,106

 
Contributed surplus
400

 
400

 
Equity component of convertible instruments
3,764

 
1,671

 
Cumulative deficit
(114,908
)
 
(69,785
)
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income
205

 
(3,089
)
 
 
 
 
 
Total shareholders' equity
480,144

 
493,468

 
 
 
 
 
Commitments and contingencies (note 24)
 
 
 
Subsequent events (note 6)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$
1,630,738

 
$
1,283,959

 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

1

INVESQUE INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)




 
 
Year ended December 31, 2019

Year ended December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Revenue:
 
 
 
Rental (note 17)
$
103,198

$
109,388

 
Resident rental and related revenue (note 17)
38,467


 
Lease revenue from joint ventures (note 7)
3,024

2,991

 
Other income
3,718

1,548

 
 
148,407

113,927

 
 
 
 
Expenses (income):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct property operating expenses (note 18)
33,533

3,126

 
Depreciation and amortization expense
14,440


 
Finance costs from operations (note 19)
41,633

38,264

 
Real estate tax expense
15,844

11,796

 
General and administrative expenses (note 20)
18,092

13,412

 
Transaction costs for business combination
5,898

6,444

 
Diligence costs for transactions not pursued
633

2,041

 
Allowance for credit losses on loans and interest receivable (note 19)
1,003

11,336

 
Change in non-controlling interest liability (note 19)
504

17,927

 
Change in fair value of investment properties - IFRIC 21
29

2,801

 
Change in fair value of investment properties (note 5)
6,046

14,385

 
Change in fair value of financial instruments (note 19)
9,379

2,325

 
Change in fair value of contingent consideration

10,676

 
 
147,034

134,533

 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from joint ventures (note 7)
(6,799
)
5,450

 
 
 
 
Loss before income taxes
(5,426
)
(15,156
)
 
 
 
 
Income tax recovery:
 
 
 
Deferred (note 23)
(67
)
(2,881
)
 
 
 
 
Net Loss
$
(5,359
)
$
(12,275
)
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
Items to be reclassified to net income (loss) in subsequent periods
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on translation of foreign operations
3,294

(4,276
)
 
 
 
 
Total comprehensive loss
$
(2,065
)
$
(16,551
)
 
 
 
 
Loss per share (note 16):
 
 
 
Basic and diluted
$
(0.10
)
$
(0.24
)
 
 
 
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

2

INVESQUE INC.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018





 
Common share capital

Equity settled deferred shares

Preferred share capital

Contributed surplus

Equity component of convertible instruments

Cumulative deficit

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, January 1, 2019
$
493,165

$

$
71,106

$
400

$
1,671

$
(69,785
)
$
(3,089
)
$
493,468

Net loss





(5,359
)

(5,359
)
Other comprehensive income






3,294

3,294

Common shares issued, net of issuance costs (note 15)
4,878







4,878

Preferred shares issued, net of issuance costs (note 15)

 
14,283





14,283

Equity component of Commonwealth preferred units




2,093



2,093

Common shares issued under the Company's dividend reinvestment plan (note 15)
7,023







7,023

Dividends declared on common shares





(39,764
)

(39,764
)
Common shares purchased under NCIB (note 15)
(530
)






(530
)
Amortization of equity settled deferred shares (note 21)

733






733

Common shares issued through conversion of convertible debentures (note 15)
25







25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2019
$
504,561

$
733

$
85,389

$
400

$
3,764

$
(114,908
)
$
205

$
480,144


 
Common share capital

Preferred share capital

Contributed surplus

Equity component of convertible instruments

Cumulative deficit

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, January 1, 2018 as previously reported
$
310,459

$
26,353

$
400

$
1,130

$
(20,145
)
$
1,187

$
319,384

Impact of adopting IFRS 9




(364
)

(364
)
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2018
$
310,459

$
26,353

$
400

$
1,130

$
(20,509
)
$
1,187

$
319,020

Net income




(12,275
)

(12,275
)
Other comprehensive loss





(4,276
)
(4,276
)
Common shares issued, net of issuance costs (note 15)
182,332






182,332

Preferred shares issued, net of issuance costs (note 15)

44,753





44,753

Common shares issued under the Company's dividend reinvestment plan (note 15)
782






782

Equity component of convertible debentures, net of tax



541



541

Dividends declared on common shares




(37,001
)

(37,001
)
Common Shares purchased under NCIB (note 15)
(408
)





(408
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
$
493,165

$
71,106

$
400

$
1,671

$
(69,785
)
$
(3,089
)
$
493,468


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3

INVESQUE INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018



 
 
 
 
Year ended
December 31, 2019

 
Year ended
December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
$
(5,359
)
 
$
(12,275
)
 
Items not involving cash:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value adjustment of investment properties
 
6,046

 
14,385

 
 
Fair value adjustment of financial instruments
 
9,379

 
2,325

 
 
Fair value adjustment of contingent consideration
 

 
10,676

 
 
Depreciation and amortization expense
 
14,440

 

 
 
Allowance for credit losses on loans and interest receivable
 
1,003

 
11,336

 
 
Straight-line rent
 
(8,964
)
 
(10,831
)
 
 
Amortization of tenant inducements
 
158

 

 
 
Finance costs from operations
 
41,633

 
38,264

 
 
Change in non-controlling interest liability
 
504

 
17,927

 
 
Loss (income) from joint ventures
 
6,799

 
(5,450
)
 
 
Change in fair value of investment in MS-SW Development Fund Holdings, LLC
 

 
(214
)
 
 
Deferred income tax
 
(67
)
 
(2,881
)
 
Interest paid
 
(39,411
)
 
(34,313
)
 
Interest income received
 
694

 
1,554

 
Change in non-cash operating working capital:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tenant and other receivables
 
(16,066
)
 
(6,256
)
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 
268

 
(2,491
)
 
 
Unearned revenue
 
(227
)
 
(551
)
 
 
Other assets
 
702

 
(2,690
)
 
 
Other liabilities
 
3,390

 
3,030

 
 
Accrued real estate taxes
 
1,248

 
3,427

 
Net cash provided by operating activities

$
16,170

 
$
24,972

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from credit facilities (note 14)
 
$
370,350

 
$
437,459

 
Payments on credit facilities (note 14)
 
(63,990
)
 
(313,300
)
 
Debt issuance costs paid (note 14)
 
(3,206
)
 
(7,516
)
 
Proceeds from mortgages payable (note 14)
 
39,489

 
25,186

 
Payments of mortgages payable (note 14)
 
(45,594
)
 
(68,972
)
 
Proceeds from settlement of interest rate swap
 
104

 

 
Dividends paid to common shareholders
 
(32,509
)
 
(34,952
)
 
Payment for repurchase of common shares
 
(530
)
 
(408
)
 
Proceeds from issuance of preferred share capital
 
14,550

 
44,753

 
Proceeds from issuance of 2018 Convertible Debentures (note 11)
 

 
50,000

 
Cash provided by financing activities

$
278,664

 
$
132,250

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows used in investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Additions to investment properties
 
$
(93,002
)
 
$
(186,632
)
 
Dispositions of investment properties
 
9,887

 
49,671

 
Additions to property, plant, and equipment
 
(235,433
)
 

 
Distributions from joint ventures
 
5,897

 
8,164

 
Contributions to joint ventures
 
(2,497
)
 
(1,655
)
 
Distributions to non-controlling interest partners
 
(152
)
 
(128
)
 
Proceeds from return of equity investment in MS-SW Development Fund Holdings, LLC
 

 
848

 
Proceeds from income support agreement
 
283

 
327

 
Construction costs
 

 
(4,600
)
 
Payments to previous owner of Care
 
(9,676
)
 

 
Issuance of loans receivable
 
(13,116
)
 
(29,288
)
 
Repayment of loans receivable
 
4,835

 
20,091

 
Proceeds from sale of interest in assets to joint venture partner (note 7)
 
23,000

 

 
Cash used in investing activities

$
(309,974
)
 
$
(143,202
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

(15,140
)
 
14,020

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
 
26,978

 
12,958

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

$
11,838

 
$
26,978

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


Invesque Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated on May 31, 2007 under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario). Effective April 4, 2016, the Company changed its name from "Kingsway Arms Retirement Residences Inc." to "Mainstreet Health Investments Inc." and continued under the laws of the Province of British Columbia. Effective January 3, 2018, the Company changed its name from "Mainstreet Health Investments Inc." to "Invesque Inc.". The Company's registered office is 2500 - 700 W Georgia Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V7Y 1B3.
The Company is a North American health care real estate company with a growing portfolio of high quality properties located in the United States and Canada. The Company partners with industry leaders to invest across the health care spectrum. Specifically, the Company will look to acquire and invest in predominately transitional care, long-term care, memory care, assisted living, independent living and medical office properties. The Company's current portfolio also includes investments in owner occupied seniors housing properties, in which the Company owns the real estate and also provides management services through its subsidiary management company.

At December 31, 2019, the Company owns interests in a portfolio of 124 health care and senior living properties comprised of 69 consolidated investment properties, 33 consolidated owner occupied properties and an interest in 22 properties held through joint arrangements.

1.
Basis of preparation:
(a)    Statement of compliance:
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB").

These consolidated financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors of the Company and authorized for issuance on March 11, 2020.

(b)    Basis of measurement:

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for investment properties, derivative financial instruments, deferred shares and loan commitment liability, which are measured at fair value through profit and loss ("FVTPL").

(c)    Principles of consolidation:
(i)Transactions eliminated on consolidation:
The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2019, including Invesque International Holdings Inc., Invesque US Holdings Inc., Invesque Holdings, LP, Foxhound Holdings, LLC and project specific limited partnerships. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated on consolidation.

(ii)Joint arrangements:

A joint venture is a joint arrangement, whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the arrangement.

A joint operation is a joint arrangement, whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement.

These consolidated financial statements include the Company's proportionate share of each of the assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses of joint operations on a line-by-line basis. Joint ventures are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements as investments using the equity method, whereby the investment is initially recognized at cost and adjusted thereafter for the post-acquisition change in the net assets. The

5

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


Company's share of joint venture profit or loss is included in the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss).

(d)    Functional and presentation currency:

The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is the functional and presentational currency of the Company.

Assets and liabilities of operations having a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are translated at the rate of exchange at the consolidated statement of financial position dates. Revenue and expenses are translated at average rates for the year, unless exchange rates fluctuated significantly during the year, in which case the exchange rates at the dates of the transaction are used. Gains or losses on translating a foreign operation are included in other comprehensive income ("OCI") as a component of equity.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transactions. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the prevailing rate of exchange at the consolidated statement of financial position dates. Gains and losses on translation of monetary items are recognized in the consolidated statements of income in general and administrative expenses.

(e)    Use of estimation and uncertainty:

The preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. Assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the year ending December 31, 2019 are as follows:

(i)Investment properties:

The estimates used when determining the fair value of investment properties are capitalization rates, stabilized future cash flows, terminal capitalization rates and discount rates. The capitalization rate applied is reflective of the characteristics, location and market of each investment property. The stabilized future cash flows of each investment property are based upon rental income from current leases and assumptions about market rent from future leases reflecting current conditions, less future cash outflows relating to such current and future leases. Management determines fair value internally utilizing internal financial information, external market data and capitalization rates provided by independent industry experts.

(ii)Accounting for convertible debentures:

Management estimates the allocation of the debt and equity components of convertible debentures. The liability allocation is based upon the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an equity conversion option and the residual is allocated to the equity component.

(iii)Accounting for Commonwealth preferred unit liability

Management estimates the allocation of the debt and equity components of Commonwealth preferred unit liability. The liability allocation is based upon the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an equity conversion option and the residual is allocated to the equity component.

(iv)Loans receivable:

The determination of an allowance for credit losses takes into account different factors and varies by nature of investment. These judgments include changes in circumstances that may cause future assessments of credit risk

6

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


to be materially different from current assessments, which would require an increase or decrease in the allowance of credit risk.

(v)Impairment of property, plant and equipment:

The Company makes a determination at each reporting date if any events have occurred that would indicate property, plant and equipment may be impaired. If impairment indicators exist, management estimates the assets' recoverable amount in order to determine whether an impairment loss should be recognized.

(vi)Other:

Estimates are also made in the determination of the fair value of financial instruments and include assumptions and estimates regarding future interest rates, the relative creditworthiness of the Company to its counterparties, the credit risk of the Company's counterparties, the estimated future cash flows and discount rates.

(f)    Critical judgments:

Judgments made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements are as follows:

(i)Accounting for leases as lessor:

The Company uses judgment regarding the present value of lease payments, the fair value of assets and the determination of the lease term in assessing the classification of its leases as operating leases, in particular with long-term leases in single operator properties. The Company has determined that all of its leases are operating leases.

(ii)Accounting for acquisitions:

Management must assess whether an acquisition should be accounted for as an asset purchase or business combination. This assessment impacts the accounting treatment of transaction costs, the allocation of the costs associated with the acquisition and whether or not goodwill should be recognized.

(iii)Componentization of property, plant and equipment:

The Company uses judgment regarding the value allocated to various components of property, plant and equipment upon acquisition.

2.
Significant accounting policies:
(a)Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents consists of cash on hand and highly liquid marketable investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less at their date of purchase and are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. As at December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no cash equivalents.

(b)Investment properties:
    
Investment properties are held to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business. On acquisition, investment properties are initially recorded at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, the Company uses the fair value model to account for investment properties under International Accounting Standard ("IAS") 40, Investment Property. Under the fair value model, investment properties are recorded at fair value, which is determined based on available market evidence, at the statement of financial position date. Related fair value gains and losses are recorded in income and comprehensive income for the period in the period in which they arise.

7

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018



Subsequent capital expenditures are added to the carrying value of the investment properties only when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the property and the cost can be measured reliably.

Properties under development include those properties, or components thereof, that will undergo activities that will take a substantial period of time to prepare the properties for their intended use as income properties. Borrowing costs related to development properties are capitalized to the costs of the projects. Properties under development are also adjusted to fair value at each consolidated statement of financial position date with fair value adjustments recognized in income.

Investment property is classified as held for sale when the property is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for the sale of investment properties, its sale is highly probable and expected to be completed with one year. Investment property is derecognized when it has been disposed of or permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from its disposal.
    
(c)Property, plant, and equipment:

Property, plant, and equipment includes land; buildings; and furniture, fixtures and equipment ("FFE"), which are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

Significant parts of the buildings are accounted for as separate components of the property, based on management's judgment of what components constitute a significant cost in relation to the total cost of an asset and whether these components have similar or dissimilar patterns of consumption and useful lives for purposes of calculating depreciation and amortization. Significant components include structure, roof, electrical/HVAC systems, windows and doors, and exterior landscaping. The cost of replacing a major component of a building is recognized in the carrying amount of the building if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the component will flow to the Company, and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced component is derecognized. The costs of ongoing repairs and maintenance of the properties are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Depreciation is recorded in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives were determined based on current facts and past experience, and take into consideration the anticipated physical life of the asset and current and forecasted demand. The rates and methods used are reviewed annually at year end to ensure they continue to be appropriate, and are also reviewed in conjunction with impairment testing. The following are the estimated maximum useful lives of existing property, plant, and equipment:

 
 
 
Components:
 
 
Building - Structure
39 years
 
Building - Roof
25 years
 
Building - Electrical/HVAC systems
25 years
 
Building - Windows and doors
15 years
 
Building - Exterior landscaping
15 years
 
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
5 years
 
 
 


Gains/losses on disposition of property, plant, and equipment are recognized in profit or loss in accordance with the requirements for determining when a performance obligation is satisfied under IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("IFRS 15").

The value associated with in-place resident contracts, which represents the avoided cost of originating the acquired resident contracts plus the value of the avoided loss of net resident revenue over the estimated lease-up period of the property, is amortized over the expected term of the resident occupancy. Resident contracts are recorded as a component of buildings.


8

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


(d)Impairment of property, plant, and equipment:

The carrying amount of the Company's property, plant, and equipment is assessed at each reporting date to determine if any events have occurred that would indicate the assets may be impaired. If any such indication exists, then the asset's recoverable amount is estimated and an impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit or loss for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of (a) fair value less costs to sell, and (b) value in use. The determination of recoverable amounts can be significantly impacted by estimates related to current market valuations, current and future economic conditions in the geographical markets of the assets, and management's strategic plans within each of its markets.

(e)Assets held for sale:

Assets, or disposal groups comprising assets and liabilities, are categorized as held-for-sale where the asset or disposal group is available for sale in its present condition, and the sale is highly probable.  For this purpose, a sale is highly probable if management is committed to a plan to achieve the sale; there is an active program to dispose of the assets of the disposal group; the asset or disposal group is being actively marketed at a reasonable price; the sale is anticipated to be completed within one year from the date of classification; and it is unlikely there will be changes to the plan.  Immediately before classification as held-for-sale, the assets, or components of the disposal group are remeasured in accordance with the Company’s accounting policies, and are subsequently measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs of disposal.  Impairment losses on initial classification as held-for-sale and subsequent gains or losses on remeasurement are recognized in profit or loss.  Gains are not recognized in excess of any cumulative impairment loss until the completion of sale.

(f)Fair value measurement:
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
(i)
in the principal market for the asset or liability; or
(ii)
in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability assuming that market participants act in their economic best interests.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the consolidated financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
Level 1 - quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3 - valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is not observable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the consolidated financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

9

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018



For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

(g)Financial instruments:

Financial instruments are generally measured at fair value on initial recognition. The classification and measurement of financial assets consists of the following categories: (i) measured at amortized cost, (ii) FVTPL, or (iii) fair value through other comprehensive income (''FVTOCI''). Financial assets classified at amortized cost are measured using the effective interest method. Financial assets classified as FVTPL are measured at fair value with gains and losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income. Financial assets classified as FVTOCI are measured at fair value with gains or losses recognized through other comprehensive income, except for gains and losses pertaining to impairment or foreign exchange recognized through profit or loss.

The classification and measurement of financial liabilities consists of the following categories: (i) measured at amortized cost and (ii) FVTPL. Financial liabilities classified at amortized cost are measured using the effective interest method. Financial liabilities classified as FVTPL are measured at fair value with changes in fair value attributable to changes in the credit risk of the liability presented in other comprehensive income, and the remaining amount of change in fair value presented in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income

The following summarizes the Company's classification of financial instruments:

Financial assets and liabilities
Measurement
 
 
Cash
Amortized cost
Restricted cash
Amortized cost
Tenant and other receivables
Amortized cost
Security deposits and costs related to future acquisitions
Amortized cost
Income support receivable
Amortized cost
Escrow deposits held by lender
Amortized cost
Bond assets
Amortized cost
Loans receivable
Amortized cost/FVTPL
Derivative instruments
FVTPL
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Amortized cost
Accrued real estate taxes
Amortized cost
Dividends payable
Amortized cost
Liability to previous owner of Care
Amortized cost
Security deposits received from tenants
Amortized cost
Escrows collected from tenants
Amortized cost
Loan commitment liability
FVTPL
Exchangeable Units liability
Amortized cost
Contingent consideration liabilities
FVTPL
Mortgages payable
Amortized cost
Credit facilities
Amortized cost
Convertible debentures
Amortized cost
Commonwealth preferred unit liability
Amortized cost

The Company derecognizes a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity.

10

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


The Company derecognizes a financial liability when, and only when, the Company’s obligations are discharged, canceled or they expire. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized through profit or loss.

The Company adopted the practical expedient to determine expected credit losses ("ECL") on tenant and other receivables using a provision matrix based on historical credit loss experiences adjusted for current and forecasted future economic conditions to estimate lifetime ECL. Impairment losses are recorded in the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) with the carrying amount of the financial asset or group of financial assets reduced through the use of impairment allowance accounts.

Transaction costs other than those related to financial instruments classified as FVTPL, which are expensed as incurred, are capitalized to the carrying amount of the instrument and amortized using the effective interest method. These costs include discounts or premiums relating to assumed debt, fees and commissions paid to agents, brokers, advisers, lenders and insurers, transfer taxes and duties.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset or liability and of allocating interest income or expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial asset or liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the consolidated statements of financial position when, and only when, the Company has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

(i)
Convertible debentures:

The convertible debentures are compound financial instruments as they contain both a liability and an equity component.

At the date of issuance, the liability component of convertible debentures is recognized at its estimated fair value of a similar liability that does not have an equity conversion option and the residual is allocated to the equity component. Any directly attributable transaction costs are allocated to the liability and equity components in proportion to their initial carrying amounts. Subsequent to initial recognition, the liability component of the convertible debenture is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. The equity component is not remeasured subsequent to initial recognition and will be transferred to share capital when the conversion option is exercised, or, if unexercised, at maturity. Interest, losses and gains relating to the financial liability are recognized in income and comprehensive income.

(ii)
Commonwealth preferred unit liability

The Commonwealth preferred unit liability is a compound financial instrument as it contains both a liability and an equity component.

At the date of issuance, the liability component of Commonwealth preferred unit liability is recognized at its estimated fair value of a similar liability that does not have an equity conversion option and the residual is allocated to the equity component. Any directly attributable transaction costs are allocated to the liability and equity components in proportion to their initial carrying amounts. Subsequent to initial recognition, the liability component of the Commonwealth preferred unit liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. The equity component is not remeasured subsequent to initial recognition and will be transferred to share capital when the conversion option is exercised, or, if unexercised, at maturity. Interest, losses and gains relating to the financial liability are recognized in income and comprehensive income.





11

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


(iii)
Impairment of financial assets:

The Company recognizes loss allowances for ECL on financial assets measured at amortized cost, unfunded loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts. The Company applies a three-stage approach to measure allowance for credit losses. The Company measures loss allowance at an amount equal to 12 months of expected losses for performing loans if the credit risk at the reporting date has not increased significantly since initial recognition (Stage 1) and at an amount equal to lifetime expected losses on performing loans that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk since origination (Stage 2) and at an amount equal to lifetime expected losses which are credit impaired (Stage 3).

Allowance on Performing Loans

The Company maintains an allowance in order to address impairment in the existing portfolio for loans that have not yet been individually identified as impaired. An allowance is recorded for expected credit losses on financial assets regardless of whether there has been an actual loss event. The Company recognizes a loss allowance at an amount equal to 12 month expected credit losses, if the credit risk at the reporting date has not increased significantly since initial recognition (Stage 1). The Company will record expected credit losses over the remaining life of performing financial assets which are considered to have experienced a significant increase in credit risk (Stage 2).

The determination of a significant increase in credit risk takes into account different factors and varies by nature of investment. The Company assumes that the credit risk on a financial asset has increased significantly if it is more than 30 days past due or certain criteria are met which are specific to the individual borrower based on judgment.

When determining the expected credit loss provision, the Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. Management considers past events, current market conditions and reasonable forward-looking supportable information about future economic conditions. In assessing information about possible future economic conditions, management utilized multiple economic scenarios including a base case, which represents the most probable outcome and is consistent with management's view of the financial asset. In considering the lifetime of a loan, the contractual period of the loan, including prepayment, extension and other options is generally used.

The calculation of expected credit losses includes the explicit incorporation of forecasts of future economic conditions. In determining expected credit losses, management has considered key macroeconomic variables that are relevant to each investment type. The estimation of future cash flows also includes assumptions about local real estate market conditions, availability and terms of financing, underlying value of the security and various other factors. These assumptions are limited by the availability of reliable comparable market data, economic uncertainty and the uncertainty of future events. Accordingly, by their nature, estimates of impairment are subjective and may not necessarily be comparable to the actual outcome. Should the underlying assumptions change, the estimated future cash flows could vary. We exercise judgment to incorporate multiple economic forecasts in the determination of the final expected credit loss. The allowance is sensitive to changes in both economic forecast and the probability-weight assigned to each forecast scenario.

Allowance on Impaired Loans

The Company considers a financial asset to be credit impaired when the borrower is more than 90 days past due and when there is objective evidence that there has been a deterioration of credit quality to the extent the Company no longer has reasonable assurance as to the timely collection of the full amount of principal and interest or when the Company has commenced enforcement remedies available to it under its contractual agreements. Allowances for impaired loans (Stage 3) are recorded for individually identified impaired loans to reduce their carrying value to the expected recoverable amount. The Company reviews loans receivable on an ongoing basis to assess whether any loans should be classified as impaired and whether an allowance or write-off should be recorded. To determine the amount the Company expects to recover from an individually significant impaired loan, the Company uses the value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the

12

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


loans' original effective interest rate. The determination of estimated future cash flows of a collateralized impaired loan reflects the expected realization of the underlying security, net of expected costs and any amounts legally required to be paid to the borrower.

(iv)
Derivative instruments:

The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk exposures. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract and the embedded derivative are not closely related.

Derivative financial instruments, including embedded derivatives that must be separately accounted for, are initially valued at fair value; attributable transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized immediately in income and comprehensive income.

(h)Non-controlling interest liability

The Company records third-party interests in the net assets of consolidated entities which do not qualify to be classified as equity as non-controlling interest liabilities. Such interests are initially recognized at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortized cost, with any changes recorded as change in non-controlling interest liability in the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss).

(i)Revenue recognition:

The Company accounts for its leases as operating leases given that it has retained substantially all of the risk and benefits of ownership

(i)
Lease revenue from third party operators and commercial tenants:

The Company earns revenue from tenants from various sources consisting of rent earned under lease agreements, property tax and operating cost recoveries and other incidental income. Revenue from lease components is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and includes the recovery of property taxes and insurance. Revenue recognition commences when a tenant has the right to use the premises and is recognized pursuant to the terms of the lease agreement. Payments are due at the beginning of each month and any payments made in advance of scheduled due dates are deferred.

Revenue related to the services component of the Company’s leases is accounted for in accordance with IFRS 15. These services consist primarily of utilities, cleaning and property maintenance costs for which the revenue is recognized over time, typically as the costs are incurred, which is when the services are provided.

(ii)
Resident Leases

The Company charges for the rental of accommodation and care services provided to residents. Base rent amounts are allocated to lease components based on relative stand-alone selling prices. The stand-alone selling prices of the rental component is determined using an adjusted market assessment approach and the stand-alone selling price of the care services components are determined using both adjusted market assessment and expected cost plus a margin approaches.

Revenue from rental components is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Revenue recognition commences when a resident has the right to use the property and revenue is recognized pursuant to the terms of the lease agreement. Payments are due at the beginning of each month and any payments made in advance of scheduled due dates are deferred.


13

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


Revenue related to the care service components of the Company’s leases is accounted for in accordance with IFRS 15. These services consist primarily of the provision of meals, nursing services, housekeeping and laundry services, programs, amenities and the recovery of utilities and property maintenance costs and are recognized over time, typically on a monthly basis, which is when the services are provided. Payments are due at the beginning of each month and any payments made in advance of scheduled due dates are recorded as contract liabilities.

(iii)
Lease revenue from joint ventures:

The Company earns revenue under lease arrangements with operating entities which are jointly owned with Autumnwood Lifestyles Inc. ("Autumnwood") (note 7). The leases are accounted for as operating leases and lease revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the underlying leases.

(j)Leases

The Company has applied IFRS 16, Leases, using the modified retrospective approach and therefore the comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under IAS 17, Leases, and International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee ("IFRIC") 4, Determining Whether an Arrangement Contains a Lease.

Policy applicable from January 1, 2019:

At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company uses the definition of a lease in IFRS 16.

This policy is applied to contracts entered into, on or after January 1, 2019.

(i)
As a lessee:

At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Company allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of its relative stand-alone prices. However, for the leases of property, the Company has elected not to separate non-lease components and account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset, less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term and is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

The lease liability is measured at amortized costs using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option or if there is a revised in-substance fixed lease payment.

14

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018



When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

The Company presents the right-of-use assets in property, plant and equipment and lease liabilities are recorded separately on the balance sheet as "lease obligations".

(ii)
Short-term leases and leases of low value assets:

The Company has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low-value assets and short-term leases, including IT equipment. the Company recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(iii)
As a lessor:

At inception or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Company allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of their relative stand-alone prices. The Company has determined that when it acts as a lessor, its leases do not transfer substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying assets and as a result they are classified as operating leases.

If an arrangement contains lease and non-lease components, the Company applies IFRS 15 to allocate the consideration in the contract.

The Company recognizes lease payments received under operating leases as income on straight-line basis over the lease term.

Policy applicable before January 1, 2019.

(i)
As a lessee:

The Company classified its leases as operating leases which were not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the Company. Payments made under operating leases were recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease incentives received were recognized as an integral part of the total lease expense, over the term of the lease.

(ii)
As a lessor:

The Company determined that when it acts as a lessor, its leases do not transfer substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying assets and as a result they were classified as operating leases. Lease payments received under operating leases were recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as part of resident revenue.

(k)Employee benefits:

(i)
Short-term benefits:

Short-term employee benefit obligations, including vacation and bonus payments, are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. Liabilities are recognized for the amounts expected to be paid within 12 months as the Company has an obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the obligation can be estimated reliably. Short-term employee benefits are recorded in accounts payable and other liabilities.



15

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


(ii)
Share-based payment plans:

The Company maintains a Deferred Share Incentive Plan (note 21) for its employees and directors. Cash-settled shares are fair-valued and changes in the amount payable are recognized through profit or loss with a corresponding change in liabilities. The awards are fair-valued on the basis of the share price at each reporting period and at the settlement date and the change in fair value on the amortized share-based compensation expense is recognized as compensation expense.

Equity-settled shares are amortized as share-based compensation expense with a corresponding change in equity. The awards are valued based on the grant date fair value.

(l)Levies:

In accordance with IFRS Interpretations Committee ("IFRIC") 21, Levies ("IFRIC 21"), for its properties located in the United States, the Company recognizes the full amount of annual property tax liabilities at the point in time when the realty tax obligation is imposed. For properties located in Canada, property tax liabilities are recognized on a monthly basis.

(m)Income taxes:

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or other comprehensive income.

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustments to tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. It is measured using rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Current tax also includes any tax arising from dividends.

Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for:

(i)
Temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss;

(ii)
Temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries and associates to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and

(iii)
Taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which they can be used. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amounts of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if certain criteria are met.

Judgement is required to assess the interpretation of tax legislation when recognizing and measuring current and deferred tax assets and liabilities. The impact of different interpretations and applications could potentially be material. The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is probable that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, on the basis of the technical merits.

16

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


If it is not probable that the uncertain tax treatment will be accepted, the tax uncertainty is measured based on the most likely amount of expected value, depending on whichever method better predicts the resolution of the uncertainty.

A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilized. Management's estimate of future taxable profits and the recognition of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and deferred tax assets are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

(n)IFRS amendments adopted in 2019:

(i)
IFRS 16 Leases

The Company adopted IFRS 16, which replaced IAS 17 using the modified retrospective approach, beginning on January 1, 2019, the mandatory effective date. The new standard requires a lessee to recognize in the statement of financial position: a liability for future lease payments (the "lease liabilities") and an asset for the right to use the underlying leased asset during the lease term ("right-of-use assets").

The Company recognized the initial effect of applying IFRS 16 as an adjustment to the balance sheet at January 1, 2019 (the date of initial application). There was no impact on unitholders' equity at the date of initial application. Comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported in accordance with the standards and accounting policies in effect prior to January 1, 2019.

The adoption of IFRS 16 at January 1, 2019, resulted in the recognition of both a right-of-use asset and lease liability of $1,490 related to one office lease.

For leases previously classified as operating leases, lease liabilities were measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at January 1, 2019, which was a weighted average rate of 7.5%.

At the date of initial application, the Company did not reassess whether a contract contained a lease, instead applying IFRS 16 only to contracts that were previously identified as leases. The Company has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities for short term leases that have a lease term of twelve months or shorter and low value leases with a value lower than five thousand dollars. Payments associated with these leases are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

The Company relied on its assessment of whether leases were onerous as at January 1, 2019 and did not test right-of-use assets for impairment at the date of initial application and excluded initial direct costs when measuring right-of-use assets at January 1, 2019. The Company did not separate the non-lease components from the lease components for office leases and certain equipment leases.

(ii)
IFRIC Interpretation 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments

The Company adopted IFRIC 23, beginning on January 1, 2019, the mandatory effective date with no material impact to the financial statements.

IFRIC 23 requires (i) an entity to contemplate whether uncertain tax treatments should be considered separately, or together as a group, based on which approach provides better predictions of the resolution; (ii) an entity to determine if it is probable that the tax authorities will accept the uncertain tax treatment; and (iii) if it is not probable that the uncertain tax treatment will be accepted, measure the tax uncertainty based on the most likely amount or expected value, depending on whichever method better predicts the resolution of the uncertainty.





17

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


(iii)
Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards (2015-2017) Cycle:

The Company adopted the following amendments to three standards on January 1, 2019, the mandatory effective date with no material impact on the financial statements:
IFRS 3, Business Combinations ("IFRS 3"), and IFRS 11, Joint Arrangements ("IFRS 11") - to clarify how a company accounts for increasing its interest in a joint operation that meets the definition of a business;
IAS 12, Income Taxes - to clarify that all income tax consequences of dividends are recognized consistently with the transactions that generated the distributable profits - i.e. in profit or loss, other comprehensive or equity; and
IAS 23, Borrowing Costs - to clarify that specific borrowings - i.e. funds borrowed specifically to finance the construction of a qualifying asset - should be transferred to the general borrowings pool once the construction of the qualifying asset has been completed. The amendments also clarify that an entity includes funds borrowed specifically to obtain an asset other than a qualifying asset as part of general borrowings.

(o)IFRS standards and amendments issued but not yet effective:
On October 22, 2018, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 3 that seek to clarify whether a transaction is to be accounted for as an asset acquisition or a business acquisition. The amendments apply to businesses acquired in annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2020. Earlier application is permitted. The amendments include an election to use a concentration test. This is a simplified assessment that results in an asset acquisition if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If a preparer chooses not to apply the concentration test, or the test is failed, then the assessment focuses on the existence of a substantive process.

The Company intends to adopt the amendments in its consolidated financial statements beginning on January 1, 2020, when the standard becomes effective. The Company expects no material impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.





18

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


3.
Loans receivable:

Loans receivable issued as at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are detailed in the table below:
Debtor
Loan Type
December 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

Issued Date
Maturity
Date (1)
Current Interest Rate

PIK Interest Rate

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MS-SW Mezzanine Fund, LLC
Mezzanine loan
$
1,267

$
1,271

September 1, 2016
September 1, 2020
10.5
%
4.0
%
MS Surprise, LLC
Mezzanine loan

2,965

November 1, 2016
October 1, 2021
10.5
%
3.0
%
MS Parker Holdings II, LLC
Mezzanine loan

3,725

November 1, 2016
September 1, 2021
12.0
%
4.0
%
Mainstreet Investment Company, LLC
Interest-only loan
3,932

3,932

December 22, 2016
December 22, 2018
8.5
%
1.5
%
Autumnwood Lifestyles Inc.
Revolving credit facility
1,155

1,100

November 1, 2016
October 31, 2018 (3)
8.0
%
%
Autumnwood Lifestyles Inc.
Loan receivable

367

June 29, 2017
On Demand
8.0
%
%
Symcare ML, LLC
Loan receivable
7,295

7,206

October 20, 2017
December 31, 2033
2.5
%
2.5
%
MCA Memory Care America, LLC
Loan receivable

300

November 6, 2017
April 1, 2019
10.0
%
%
Mainstreet Development Fund III, LP
Loan receivable

652

November 28, 2017
On Demand
6.5
%
%
Mainstreet Development Fund II, LP
Loan receivable

397

January 31, 2018
On Demand
15.0
%
%
Mainstreet Development Fund II, LP
Loan receivable

507

February 23, 2018
On Demand
15.0
%
%
Premier Senior Living, LLC (6)
Loan receivable
700

700

August 16, 2013 (2)
August 16, 2025
9.2
%
%
Ellipsis Real Estate Partners
Loan receivable
951

1,643

May 4, 2018
May 4, 2028
%
10.0
%
Ellipsis Real Estate Partners
Loan receivable
1,341

2,400

September 14, 2018
September 14, 2028
%
10.0
%
Symcare ML, LLC
Loan receivable
13,530

7,557

December 26, 2018
December 31, 2033
%
10.0
%
PAIF-MS, LLC
Loan receivable

1,900

December 31, 2018
January 25, 2019
5.0
%
%
YAL Borrower LLC
Interest-only loan
1,000

2,000

December 31, 2018
December 30, 2020
5.0
%
%
YAL Borrower LLC
Loan receivable
2,000

2,000

December 31, 2018
December 30, 2020
5.0
%
%
Hillcrest Millard, LLC
Loan receivable
480


January 1, 2019
January 1, 2028
%
5.0
%
Hillcrest Firethorn, LLC
Loan receivable
449


January 1, 2019
November 1, 2027
%
5.0
%
Bridgemoor Transitional Care Operations, LLC (5)
Loan receivable
1,738


June 5, 2019
June 5, 2035
%
%
MOC Webster, LLC
Loan receivable
189


June 5, 2019
June 5, 2035
%
%
RHS Propco Mooresville, LLC
Loan receivable
5,000


June 28, 2019
July 1, 2024
8.5
%
%
Jaguarundi Ventures, LP (7)
Loan receivable
8,673


June 5, 2019
June 5, 2029
%
%
Memory Care America LLC
Loan receivable
1,526


July 31, 2019
January 1, 2024
8.5
%
%
Ellipsis Real Estate Partners LLC
Loan receivable
1,223


October 25, 2019
October 1, 2022
7.5
%
7.5
%
Allowance for losses on loans receivable
(5,915
)
(10,341
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Carrying value of loans recorded at amortized cost
$
46,534

$
30,281

 
 
 
 
Javelina Ventures, LLC
Loan receivable - FVTPL
2,368

2,141

December 31, 2018
(4) 
%
5.0
%
Carrying value of loans receivable
48,902

32,422

 
 
 
 
Less current portion
4,113

12,241

 
 
 
 
Long-term portion
$
44,789

$
20,181

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Mezzanine loans are due at the time of sale of the property if sale occurs earlier than the stated maturity date. 
(2) Loan assumed through acquisition on February 1, 2018. Loan was originally issued by Care PSL Holdings LLC on August 16, 2013. 
(3) Maturity date is the later of October 31, 2018 and the completion of the expansion projects at the Marina Point and Red Oak Facilities. The projects are not yet complete. 
(4) The repayment of this loan is pursuant to Javelina Ventures Operating Agreement in which net available cash from operations will be used to repay the principal and accrued interest on this loan. 
(5) This loan was issued to MOC Fort Worth, LLC; MOC Round Rock, LLC; MOC San Antonio II, LLC; MOC Webster, LLC; and Bridgemoor Transitional Care Operations, LLC. 
(6) This loan was issued to Park Terrace Operating, LLC; Seneca Lake Terrace Operating, LLC; and Premier Senior Living, LLC. 
(7) Jaguarundi Ventures, LP is a joint venture in which the Company owns a 60.51% interest. 

19

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


$25,907 of the loans outstanding as at December 31, 2019 in the table above are made to current tenant operators.

On March 26, 2018, a subsidiary of the Company entered into a loan agreement with the tenant operator of the Symphony Portfolio ("Symcare") for a principal amount of $3,659 with provisions for an additional $2,000 line of credit. The loan earns 5.00% annual interest, of which a portion is payable at a current pay rate on a monthly basis ("Current Interest"), with the remaining portion of interest accruing until the earlier of the loan's maturity or prepayment ("PIK Interest"). The maturity date of the loan is June 30, 2019. On June 29, 2018, the loan was amended to extend the line of credit to $2,122. On July 31, 2018, the loan was amended to increase the total borrowing capacity to $6,401. On August 31, 2018, the loan was amended to increase the total borrowing capacity to $7,522. On December 28, 2018, the Company agreed to release $9,000 being held by a third party escrow agent on behalf of Symcare which were held to serve as a security deposit for Symcare's obligations under the lease agreement. These funds were used to repay in full the outstanding principal and accrued interest on this loan, as well as other amounts due. On June 21, 2019 the loan was amended and the maturity date was extended to December 31, 2033.

On December 26, 2018, a subsidiary of the Company entered into a loan agreement with Symcare with a total capacity of $15,000 and a maturity date of January 1, 2033. As at December 31, 2019, Symcare had drawn $13,530 on this loan (December 31, 2018 - $7,557). The loan earns 10% interest accruing to the balance of the loan through December 1, 2019. Through and including December 1, 2022, half of the interest will accrue to the loan balance with the remaining portion payable at a current pay rate on a monthly basis. Commencing January 1, 2023 the full amount of monthly interest payments shall be paid each month.

On July 31, 2019, the Company received the deed to the land held by MS Parker, LLC in satisfaction of the mezzanine loan to MS Parker II Holdings, LLC. The development project associated with the loan has been terminated. The Company received the deed in lieu in satisfaction of the loan receivable and recorded the value of the land in property, plant and equipment in the consolidated statements of financial position (note 6).

On July 31, 2019, the Company entered into a new loan with MCA Memory Care America, LLC ("MCA") in the amount of $2,934. The loan balance represented outstanding rents owed, the remaining balance of a previously issued loan receivable and outstanding interest thereon. Through December 31, 2019, the Company has received repayment on this loan receivable of $1,500 consistent with the terms outlined in the loan agreement.

Loans receivable and associated allowance for losses on loans receivable accounted for at amortized cost as at December 31, 2019 are as follows:
 
Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Total

Loans receivable, net of loan fees
$
45,724

$

$
6,725

$
52,449

Allowance for losses on loans receivable
(421
)

(5,494
)
(5,915
)
Loans receivable, net of allowances
$
45,303

$

$
1,231

$
46,534



20

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


The changes in the gross loans receivable balance during the year ended December 31, 2019 are shown in the following table:
 
Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Total

Total loans receivable as at December 31, 2017
$
36,431

$

$

$
36,431

Loans receivable
 
 
 
 
Transfer to/(from)
 
 
 
 
Stage 1
(11,893
)

11,893


Stage 2
(1,556
)
1,556



Stage 3




 
 
 
 
 
 
$
22,982

$
1,556

$
11,893

$
36,431

 
 
 
 
 
Issuances
18,800



18,800

Repayments
(15,309
)


(15,309
)
Assumption through acquisition
700



700

Total loans receivable as at December 31, 2018
$
27,173

$
1,556

$
11,893

$
40,622

 
 
 
 
 
Loans receivable
 
 
 
 
Transfer to/(from)
 
 
 
 
Stage 1
(300
)

300


Stage 2

(1,556
)
1,556


Stage 3




 
 
 
 
 
 
$
26,873

$

$
13,749

$
40,622

 
 
 
 
 
Issuances
23,881


2,824

26,705

Repayments
(3,282
)

(1,500
)
(4,782
)
Non-cash settlement
(1,748
)

(2,913
)
(4,661
)
Write off of loans receivable


(5,435
)
(5,435
)
Total loans receivable as at December 31, 2019
$
45,724

$

$
6,725

$
52,449





















21

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


The changes in the allowance for credit losses during the year ended December 31, 2019 are shown in the following table:
 
Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Total

Balance at the beginning of period (1)
$
364

$

$

$
364

Allowance for credit losses
 
 
 

Remeasurement

62

9,841

9,903

Transfer to/(from)
 
 
 

Stage 1
(145
)
16

129


Stage 2




Stage 3




 
 
 
 
 
Total allowance for credit losses
$
219

$
78

$
9,970

$
10,267

 
 
 
 
 
Fundings
212



212

Repayments
(138
)


(138
)
Balance as at December 31, 2018
$
293

$
78

$
9,970

$
10,341

 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for credit losses
 
 
 
 
Remeasurement


998

998

Transfer to/(from)
 
 
 
 
Stage 1
(3
)

3


Stage 2

(76
)
76


Stage 3




 
 
 
 
 
 
$
290

$
2

$
11,047

$
11,339

 
 
 
 
 
Issuances
181



181

Repayments/settlements
(50
)
(2
)
(1,952
)
(2,004
)
Write off of loan receivable and allowance


(3,601
)
(3,601
)
Total allowance for credit losses
$
421

$

$
5,494

$
5,915

(1) Allowance recorded as an adjustment to opening retained earnings as at January 1, 2018 due to the impact of adopting IFRS 9. 

For the year ended December 31, 2019, a loss of $998 was recorded in the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) due to the increased allowance on the Stage 3 loans and general allowance recorded on new loans issued. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded a loss of $5 in the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) due to an allowance on uncollectible interest receivable.

The Company recognized a loss of $491 for the year ended December 31, 2019 in the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) related to the impairment of the loan receivable to the Mainstreet Development Funds II and III. On July 31, 2019, the Company was signed over rights to the bond that secured the loans receivable. The Company recorded the bond asset and wrote off the remaining portion of the loans receivable and related allowance for credit losses.


22

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


4.
Other assets:
Other assets are as follows:

 
December 31, 2019

 
December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Prepaid expense
$
1,906

 
$
519

Prepaid management fees
160

 
648

Security deposits and costs related to future acquisitions
159

 
1,048

Income support receivable
63

 
337

Escrow deposits held by lenders
3,038

 
2,565

Right-of-use assets
2,199

 

Bond assets
1,071

 

Other
2,147

 
1,481

 
$
10,743

 
$
6,598

 
 
 
 
Current
$
6,184

 
$
5,598

Non-current
4,559

 
1,000

 
$
10,743

 
$
6,598


Escrow deposits held by lenders includes amounts held for use in payment of real estate taxes, property insurance and replacement reserves.

The Company adopted IFRS 16 effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach resulting in the capitalization of its office lease which is included in other non-current assets. As at December 31, 2019, the Company has a right-of-use asset in respect to its office lease totaling $1,315 with a 7 year lease term which began in 2018. The Company acquired a right-of-use asset related to the office lease of the Commonwealth management company of $935. During the year ended December 31, 2019, amortization of right-of-use assets of $266 was recorded in the consolidated statements of income (loss) (2018 - NIL).


23

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


5.
Investment properties:
(a) Investment properties:
 
Number of Properties

 
Amount

 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2017
40

 
$
721,991

Acquisitions of income properties
47

 
462,280

Sale of income properties
(7
)
 
(69,135
)
Capital expenditures

 
13,598

Increase in straight-line rents

 
10,831

Fair value adjustment

 
(14,385
)
Translation of foreign operations

 
(9,650
)
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
80

 
$
1,115,530

 
 
 
 
Acquisitions of income properties
7

 
89,421

Sale of income property
(1
)
 
(14,991
)
Acquisition of control over a property previously owned through a joint venture
1

 
13,082

Contribution of investment properties to joint venture (note 7)
(8
)
 
(161,047
)
Transfer to property, plant and equipment (note 6)
(10
)
 
(100,232
)
Capital expenditures

 
9,122

Increase in straight-line rents

 
8,964

Fair value adjustment

 
(6,046
)
Tenant inducements

 
8,337

Amortization of tenant inducements

 
(158
)
Translation of foreign operations

 
7,652

 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2019
69

 
$
969,634


At December 31, 2019, the Company used an internal valuation process to value its investment properties. Third party appraisers are engaged to prepare valuations on a portion of the portfolio annually such that one third of the portfolio is valued externally each year, and every property in the portfolio is valued externally at least once every five years.

Acquired investment properties are initially measured at cost, including directly attributable acquisition costs, when the transactions are deemed to be asset acquisitions. Acquisition costs related to business combinations are expensed in the period incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are measured at fair value, determined based on available market evidence. The Company uses alternative valuation methods such as the direct capitalized income approach or discounted cash flow projections (Level 3 inputs). The fair value of investment properties reflects rental income from current leases and assumptions about rental income from future leases in light of current market conditions. When a loan is arranged with a tenant at a below market rate, the estimated fair value of the discount is recognized as a tenant inducement at the time the loan commitment is made.

On April 1, 2019, the Company exchanged its majority ownership interest in the operations of a property previously owned through a joint venture located in Lansdale, PA for the partner's minority ownership interest in the real estate of the property resulting in the acquisition of control over the real estate. The transaction resulted in the consolidation of investment property of $13,082 and assumption of mortgages payable of $9,743. On October 1, 2019, the Company acquired the operations pursuant to the transaction described below. As of the date of the acquisition of the property's operations it met the criteria of owner occupied property, and its corresponding assets were reclassified as property, plant and equipment.

24

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018



The Company entered an agreement with Greenfield Senior Living ("Greenfield") whereby the Company has acquired 100% of Greenfield's interests in 13 properties in which the Company previously had an ownership interest. Ten of these properties were previously triple-net leased to Greenfield and the Company has acquired Greenfield's interest in the operations at each property. Three of these properties were previously held in a joint arrangement in which the Company owned an 80% interest in both the real estate and the operations of each property. As of the date of each property's transition, it met the criteria of owner occupied property, and its corresponding assets were reclassified as property, plant and equipment.

The significant unobservable assumptions used in determining fair value of investment properties measured as at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are set out in the following table:

 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
Capitalization rate - range
6.50% - 8.75%
 
6.50% - 8.25%
Capitalization rate - weighted average
7.89%
 
7.89%
Terminal capitalization rate - range
5.70% - 9.25%
 
5.70% - 9.25%
Terminal capitalization rate - weighted average
6.72%
 
7.04%
Discount rate - range
6.70% - 9.00%
 
6.70% - 9.00%
Discount rate - weighted average
7.56%
 
7.74%
 
 
 
 

The fair value of investment properties is most sensitive to changes in capitalization rates, terminal capitalization rates and discount rates. Changes in the capitalization rates, terminal capitalization rates and discount rates would result in the following changes in the fair value of the Company's investment properties:

 
December 31, 2019

 
December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Investment property valued using direct capitalization income approach
$
793,724

 
$
925,895

Investment property valued using discounted cash flow projection
$
162,501

 
$
183,582

Investment property valued using other methods
$
13,409

 
$
6,053

 
 
 
 
Capitalization rate:
 
 
 
25-basis point increase
$
(24,519
)
 
$
(28,559
)
25-basis point decrease
$
26,146

 
$
30,448

Terminal capitalization rate:
 
 
 
25-basis point increase
$
(4,252
)
 
$
(4,281
)
25-basis point decrease
$
4,601

 
$
4,629

Discount rate:
 
 
 
25-basis point increase
$
(1,968
)
 
$
(2,479
)
25-basis point decrease
$
2,005

 
$
2,535

 
 
 
 








25

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


(b) Asset acquisitions and dispositions - year ended December 31, 2019

 
Allen, TX

Symcare Properties

Mooresville, IN

Constant Care

Total

Number of consolidated properties acquired (disposed):
1

3

(1
)
3

6

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net assets acquired (disposed):
 
 
 
 
 
Investment properties
$
8,136

$
51,323

$
(14,991
)
$
29,962

$
74,430

 
 
 
 
 
 
Working capital balances

(586
)
104


(482
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
8,136

$
50,737

$
(14,887
)
$
29,962

$
73,948

 
 
 
 
 
 
Consideration paid/funded (received):
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
2,445

46,937

(9,887
)
25,613

65,108

 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from mortgage payable, net of fees
5,591




5,591

 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposit applied against purchase price
100




100

 
 
 
 
 
 
Common shares issued

3,800



3,800

 
 
 
 
 

Loans issued to buyer


(5,000
)

(5,000
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of Exchangeable Units



2,049

2,049

 
 
 
 
 
 
Repayment of loan receivable principal and accrued interest



2,300

2,300

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
8,136

$
50,737

$
(14,887
)
$
29,962

$
73,948


i)
On January 16, 2019, the Company acquired a memory care facility leased to an operator located in Allen, TX for a contractual purchase price of $8,100 plus transaction costs. The Company entered into a new mortgage secured by the property to fund $5,693 of the purchase price and funded the remainder of the purchase with cash on hand.

ii)
On March 15, 2019, the Company acquired a skilled nursing property located in Oswego, IL from Symcare for a contractual purchase price of $22,000 plus transaction costs funded with cash on hand. The original master lease with the Symcare operator was amended to include this new building.

iii)
On April 30, 2019, the Company acquired two skilled nursing properties located in Chicago, IL and Glendale, WI from Symcare for a total contractual purchase price of $30,000 plus transaction costs. The transaction was funded by the issuance of 555,556 common shares and cash on hand. The original master lease with the Symcare operator was amended to include these new buildings.

iv)
On June 28, 2019, the Company sold its interest in a property located in Mooresville, IN for total consideration of $15,000, less transaction costs. The consideration was paid in the form of cash and a $5,000 loan receivable issued to the buyer of the property. The loan receivable earns annual interest of 8.5% and matures on July 1, 2024.

v)
On August 30, 2019, the Company purchased three memory care facilities located in Fishers, IN; Greenwood, IN; and Zionsville, IN for a total contractual purchase price of $30,786, plus transaction costs. The transaction was funded by the repayment of $2,300 of outstanding loans receivable principal and accrued interest, issuance of $2,049 in Class B LP units with the right to exchange units into common shares of the Company at the option of the unit holder ("Exchangeable Units"), and cash on hand.





26

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


(c) Asset acquisitions and dispositions - year ended December 31, 2018
 
Lincoln

Round Rock

Care

Grand Brook

San Antonio/Webster

Mohawk MOB

Buffalo MOB

Keepsake

Traditions Portfolio

Total

Number of consolidated properties acquired (disposed):
1

1

24

3

2

14

1

1

(7
)
40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net assets acquired (disposed):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment properties
$
21,501

$
22,836

$
191,009

$
21,695

$
49,094

$
136,894

$
8,155

$
11,096

$
(69,135
)
$
393,145

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment in joint ventures


84,813







84,813

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages repaid (assumed)
(11,668
)
(13,158
)
(123,589
)

(25,706
)


(5,837
)

(179,958
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mezzanine loan applied against purchase
(3,723
)



(2,697
)




(6,420
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Working capital balances

(990
)
(572
)
(50
)
(2,920
)
(465
)
(39
)
(363
)
(576
)
(5,975
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-controlling interest liability


(1,188
)





16,040

14,852

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
6,110

$
8,688

$
150,473

$
21,645

$
17,771

$
136,429

$
8,116

$
4,896

$
(53,671
)
$
300,457

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consideration paid/funded (received):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
6,110

8,688

2,067

4,621

17,771

22,833

1,544

4,679

(49,671
)
18,642

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from Secured Revolving Facility



17,024






17,024

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from Mohawk Facility, net





81,899

6,572



88,471

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of common shares


148,406



31,080




179,486

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued transaction costs





1,307


217


1,524

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income support receivable





(690
)



(690
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans issued to buyer








(4,000
)
(4,000
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
6,110

$
8,688

$
150,473

$
21,645

$
17,771

$
136,429

$
8,116

$
4,896

$
(53,671
)
$
300,457


i)
On January 10, 2018, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company acquired a newly constructed transitional care facility located in Lincoln, NE from Mainstreet Property Group, LLC ("Mainstreet LLC"). The property was acquired for a purchase price of $21,451 plus transaction costs and is accounted for as an asset acquisition. The acquisition was funded by the assumption of $11,668 in mortgage debt, a $3,723 credit received in satisfaction of a mezzanine loan held by the Company with respect to this property, and available cash on hand.


27

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


ii)
On January 31, 2018, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company acquired a newly constructed transitional care facility located in Round Rock, TX from Mainstreet LLC. The property was acquired for a purchase price of $22,769 plus transaction costs and is accounted for as an asset acquisition. The acquisition was funded by the assumption of $13,158 in mortgage debt and available cash on hand. At the time of closing the Company also assumed $597 of liabilities related to the remaining development costs of the property which was funded through draws on the mortgage payable.

iii)
On February 1, 2018, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company completed the acquisition of Care Investment Trust, LLC ("Care") from Tiptree Inc. The acquisition of Care includes an ownership interest in 42 seniors housing and care properties in the United States. The Care portfolio is comprised of 35 independent living, assisted living and memory care properties, and seven skilled nursing facilities located in 11 states. The Care portfolio consists of 24 properties leased to operators under long-term triple-net leases and 18 operating properties in joint venture arrangements in which the Company owns the majority joint venture interest in the real estate and the operations.

The contractual purchase price of the Company's interest in the Care portfolio was $425,000, subject to working capital adjustments and transaction costs. The purchase was funded by the assumption of $123,589 of property level indebtedness (including a mark-to-market discount adjustment of $1,219), the issuance of 16,647,236 common shares at a fixed issuance price of $9.75 per common share and $919 of cash. The fair value of the common shares issued on the closing date of the transaction, which was based on the adjusted quoted market price of the Company's common shares on February 1, 2018, was $146,736. The Care acquisition is accounted for as a business combination and as a result transaction costs are expensed as incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income includes transaction costs of $6,444 related to this transaction. The Company incurred additional transaction costs for business combination of $2,073 during the year ended December 31, 2017 related to this transaction. The purchase agreement also contained provisions for a post-closing true up of working capital items. The working capital true up was paid on July 3, 2018 through a combination of cash on hand of $1,148 and the issuance of common shares with a value of $1,670.

For the year end December 31, 2018, the Care portfolio has contributed revenue of $18,983 and net income of $22,670. Had the acquisition of the Care portfolio taken place on January 1, 2018, revenue for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2018 would have been $115,395 and net income for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2018 would have been $(10,308).

iv)
On February 9, 2018, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company acquired three properties located in Garland, TX; Grapevine, TX and McKinney, TX (together, the "Grand Brook Properties") for a combined purchase price of $21,500 plus transaction costs and is accounted for as an asset acquisition. The acquisition was funded by cash on hand and $17,024 in proceeds from the Secured Revolving Facility.

v)
On February 23, 2018, the Company purchased two transitional care facilities located in San Antonio, TX and Webster, TX from Mainstreet, LLC for a combined purchase price of $49,054 plus transaction costs and is accounted for as an asset acquisition. This transaction was funded through the assumption of $25,706 of mortgages payable, the retirement of the Company's mezzanine loan outstanding on the Webster, TX property of $2,697 and cash on hand. At the time of closing the Company also assumed $2,920 of liabilities related to the remaining development costs of the properties which were funded through future draws on the mortgages payable.

vi)
On May 1, 2018, the Company purchased 14 multi-tenant medical office buildings located in Canada and the United States from Mohawk Medical Properties Real Estate Investment Trust and its subsidiary, Mohawk Medical Operating Partnership (I) LP (collectively, "Mohawk REIT") for a combined purchase price of $136,894. The acquisition, which is accounted for as an asset acquisition, was funded through a combination of a new credit facility of $81,899, net of loan fees, the issuance of 3,606,616 common shares and cash on hand. Mohawk Realty Advisors Ltd. and its affiliates will continue to provide asset and property management for the properties. On the day of purchase, the Company prepaid to the asset manager an amount equal to the contractual fee due under the two year initial term of the asset management agreement.


28

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


The Company entered into an income support agreement in conjunction with its purchase of the properties from Mohawk REIT, whereby the seller agreed to fund monthly payments to supplement rental income until certain leasing metrics are met. Upon execution of the income support agreement, the Company recorded an income support receivable of $690, which reduced the cost of the investment properties acquired.

vii)
On July 9, 2018, the Company purchased a medical office building in Williamsville, NY ("Buffalo MOB") for $7,732 plus transaction costs. This transaction was funded by $6,572 in new borrowings on the Mohawk Facility and cash on hand. Mohawk Realty Advisors Ltd. and its affiliates provide asset and property management services for the property.

viii)
On October 31, 2018, the Company purchased a memory care and assisted living facility ("Keepsake") in Syracuse, NY for $11,018, plus transaction costs. The transaction was funded by the assumption of mortgage debt of $5,837 and available cash on hand.

ix)
On December 31, 2018, the Company sold its interest in a portfolio of seven properties located in Georgia (collectively, the "Traditions Portfolio") for total consideration of $70,000, less transaction costs. Concurrently with the sale of the portfolio, the Company repaid the outstanding mortgage balance of $28,670 and a prepayment penalty of $293. $16,040 represents the net sale proceeds owed to the Company's partner in the portfolio. The Traditions Portfolio was acquired as part of the acquisition of Care, at which time the Company and the prior owner of Care entered into an agreement whereby the two parties would evenly share net proceeds from the sale of the Traditions Portfolio in the event of a sale. The Company recorded a liability of $10,676 representing the proceeds owed to the prior owner. The Company issued $4,000 of loans receivable to the buyer of the portfolio.



29

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


6.
Property, plant and equipment, net:
(a) Property, plant and equipment, net:

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following as at December 31, 2019:

 
Land

Buildings

In-place leases

Furniture, fixtures and equipment

Properties under development

Total

Cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
$

$

$

$
585

$

$
585

Additions through business combinations - Commonwealth
18,034

276,461

45,030

5,221

893

345,639

Additions through business combinations - Greenfield
5,024

28,228


3,178


36,430

Additions through settlement of loans receivable
2,500





2,500

Additions

640


591

44

1,275

Transfers from investment property
6,004

93,782


446


100,232

Held for sale assets
(3,560
)
(8,183
)

(458
)

(12,201
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2019
28,002

390,928

45,030

9,563

937

474,460

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated depreciation
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2018



78


78

Depreciation and amortization

3,509

10,421

510


14,440

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2019
$

$
3,509

$
10,421

$
588

$

$
14,518

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

On June 29, 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with Greenfield Senior Living ("Greenfield") whereby the Company would acquire 100% of Greenfield's interests in 13 properties in which the Company already has an ownership interest ("Greenfield Transition"). Ten of these properties were previously triple-net leased to Greenfield and the Company acquired Greenfield's interest in the operations at each property. The remaining three properties were previously held in a joint venture and were managed by Greenfield.

On September 3, 2019, three properties that were previously triple-net leased to Greenfield transitioned operations to a subsidiary of the Company. During October of 2019, seven properties that were previously triple-net leased to Greenfield transitioned operations. As of the date of these transitions, the assets were determined to be owner occupied property, and the corresponding assets are classified as property, plant and equipment.

On August 2, 2019, a property that was previously held in a joint venture and managed by Greenfield transitioned operations to the management of Commonwealth, a subsidiary of the Company. On October 1, 2019, a property that was previously held in a joint venture and managed by Greenfield transitioned operations to the management of Commonwealth. As of the date of this transition, the assets were determined to be owner occupied property, and the corresponding assets are classified as property, plant and equipment.

On December 31, 2019, the remaining property from the joint venture transitioned full ownership to a subsidiary of the Company and still remained under the operations of Greenfield. The assets are currently classified as held for sale on the consolidated statements of financial position. The community, located in Arlington, TX, was sold on February 28, 2020 for total consideration of $12,450, less estimated transaction costs. The consideration was paid in the form of cash and an $8,000 repayment of the mortgage secured by the property.


30

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


(b) Acquisitions - year ended December 31, 2019

The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase price to each major category of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition and the major categories of consideration transferred for acquisitions which were accounted for as business combinations under IFRS 3. The fair value allocations are based on preliminary purchase allocations conducted by management. As the acquisition is within the measurement period under IFRS 3, it continues to be refined. The Company is gathering information to finalize fair value of the property, plant and equipment, embedded derivatives and mortgages.
 
Commonwealth Tranche I

Commonwealth Tranche II

Greenfield Transition

Total

Properties Acquired
17

3

13

33

 
 
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
$
286,695

$
58,051

$
36,430

$
381,176

Construction in progress
893



893

Assumption of mortgages payable
(9,523
)
(34,475
)
(22,522
)
(66,520
)
Mark to market debt adjustments
(278
)
(2,876
)

(3,154
)
Working capital balances
(2,964
)
1,010

559

(1,395
)
Previous interest in joint venture


(9,863
)
(9,863
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
274,823

$
21,710

$
4,604

$
301,137

 
 
 
 
 
Consideration paid:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of preferred units
53,587

12,093


65,680

Proceeds from Commonwealth Facility
174,069



174,069

Satisfaction of rent receivable


1,522

1,522

Cash on hand
47,167

9,617

3,082

59,866

 
 
 
 
 
 
$
274,823

$
21,710

$
4,604

$
301,137


On August 1, 2019, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company closed on the first tranche of the purchase of Commonwealth Senior Living, LLC ("Commonwealth"). The first tranche of the acquisition includes 17 private pay seniors housing properties in addition to the Commonwealth management company (collectively, "Commonwealth Tranche I"). The Commonwealth management company operates all 17 properties purchased.

The total contractual purchase price for Commonwealth Tranche I was $285,357 for property, plant and equipment and $893 for construction in progress related to development projects ongoing at certain properties in the portfolio, subject to working capital adjustments and transaction costs. The acquisition was funded through $176,000 in new debt secured by 16 of the properties, the assumption of $9,523 in debt secured by one of the properties, the issuance of $53,587 of preferred interests in the Company's acquiring subsidiary entity and cash on hand.

On December 23, 2019, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company closed on the second tranche of the purchase of Commonwealth which included the acquisition of 3 private pay seniors housing properties (collectively, "Commonwealth Tranche II"). The 3 properties are operated by the Commonwealth management company. The total contractual purchase price of Commonwealth Tranche II was $55,000. The acquisition was funded through the assumption of $34,475 in debt secured by the properties, the issuance of $12,093 of preferred interests in the Company's acquiring subsidiary entity and cash on hand. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the consolidated statement of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) includes transaction costs of $4,556 related to the acquisition of Commonwealth.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Commonwealth portfolio has contributed revenue of $29,180 and net loss of $12,092. Had the acquisition of the Commonwealth portfolio taken place on January 1, 2019, revenue for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2019 would have been $199,220 and net loss for the Company would have been $19,409.

31

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018



As of December 31, 2019, the Company completed the Greenfield Transition and acquired Greenfield's ownership interest in 13 properties which included Greenfield's 100% interest in operations at 10 properties as well as Greenfield's 20% interest in both the real estate and operations at 3 additional properties. The Company previously owned the real estate of the 10 properties in which it acquired operations and had leased the properties to Greenfield under a triple net lease. The Company previously owned 80% of the other 3 properties and accounted for its interests in these as investments in joint ventures (note 7). Upon completion of this transaction, the Company owns a 100% interest in both the real estate and operations of the 3 properties. Since these acquisitions were completed in steps, the Company remeasured its original interests to fair value. The total contractual purchase price of the Greenfield Transition was $4,708 which was funded through satisfaction of outstanding rent receivable of $1,522 owed by Greenfield and cash on hand. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the consolidated statement of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) includes transaction costs of $1,342 related to the Greenfield Transition.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Greenfield transitioned ownership has contributed revenue of $6,542 and net loss of $942. Had the Greenfield transition taken place on January 1, 2019, revenue for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2019 would have been $165,186 and net loss for the Company would have been $8,403.

(c) Assets Held for Sale

On November 27, 2019, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell a seniors housing property located in Arlington, TX. The sale price is $12,450 before closing costs and will be settled in cash. On February 28, 2020 the transaction was completed.

The following table summarizes the significant assets held for sale on December 31, 2019:

 
 
December 31, 2019

Assets:
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
12,201

 
 
 
 
 
12,201


7.
Joint arrangements:
As at December 31, 2019, the following are the Company's joint arrangements:
Joint arrangement
Number of properties

Location
Company ownership

Consolidation type
 
 
 
 
 
Invesque-Autumnwood Landlord
4

Canada
50
%
Joint operation (1)
Invesque-Autumnwood Operator

Canada
50
%
Joint venture (2)
Calamar
2

United States
75
%
Joint venture (3)
Heritage JV
3

United States
80
%
Joint venture (3)
Heritage Newtown
1

United States
80
%
Joint venture (3)
Heritage Harleysville
1

United States
90
%
Joint venture (3)
Phoenix Fayetteville
1

United States
90
%
Joint venture (3)
Royal JV
5

United States
80
%
Joint venture (3)
Royal Eatonton
1

United States
65
%
Joint venture (3)
Jaguarundi
8

United States
61
%
Joint venture (4)
 
 
 
 
 
(1) The Company directly holds its interest in the real estate joint operation.
(2) These joint venture arrangements have been structured through separate legal entities and lease the properties from the joint operation landlord.

32

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


(3) These joint venture arrangements have been structured through separate legal entities. The joint venture owns an interest in separate legal entities which own the real estate and operations.
(4) The joint venture owns an interest in separate legal entities which own the real estate and leases the properties to third party operators.

The Company has entered into a number of joint arrangements for the purpose of jointly owning and operating certain of its seniors housing investments as detailed in the table above.

On April 1, 2019, the Company exchanged its majority ownership interest in the operations of a property previously owned through a joint venture located in Lansdale, PA for the partner's minority ownership interest in the real estate of the property resulting in the acquisition of control over the real estate.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company acquired the joint venture partner's ownership of the three properties previously held in the Greenfield JV. Through the Greenfield Transition transaction, the wholly owned assets were determined to be owner occupied property, and the corresponding assets are classified as property, plant and equipment.

The Company and Autumnwood each owns a 50% direct beneficial interest in the real estate assets of the Invesque-Autumnwood Landlord entity and are jointly obligated for the related mortgages for a portfolio of four properties which are accounted for as joint operations and are accounted for under the proportionate consolidation method. The Company's 50% interest in the operations of these properties is held through separate legal entities (collectively referred to as "Invesque-Autumnwood Operators"), which under IFRS 11, Joint arrangements, are accounted for as joint ventures using the equity method. Invesque-Autumnwood Operators have leased the real estate from the landlords under their respective lease agreements. These leases are for three-year periods, with six automatic renewals every third anniversary for a total of 21 years. The Company's share of the landlords' lease receipts, $3,024 for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018 - $2,991), is reported as lease revenue from joint ventures. Invesque-Autumnwood Operators lease expense is included in the share of income from joint ventures in the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss).

The Company has an interest in 14 seniors housing and care properties in the United States in which it also owns an interest in the operations at those properties through joint arrangements. In these joint arrangements the Company owns an interest in the real estate and operations through separate legal entities at each of the properties, and has management agreements in place to provide for the day to day operations resulting in joint control of the interests. Each of these joint arrangements are accounted for as joint ventures using the equity method and the Company's share of net income is included in income from joint ventures in the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss).

On June 5, 2019, the Company contributed eight investment properties to a newly formed joint venture, Jaguarundi Ventures, LP. The Company received $23,000 from its joint venture partner in the arrangement in exchange for a 39.49% interest in the joint venture. The properties contributed had an investment property value of $161,047 and total mortgage indebtedness of $102,692. The Company provides a guarantee on the outstanding mortgage balances of the joint venture in exchange for a fee equal to 15 basis points on the amount guaranteed. The Company earns an asset management fee of 25 basis points based on gross asset value. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company has earned guaranty fees of $39 and management fees of $229 from Jaguarundi Ventures included in other income in the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss).

The following tables summarize the information about the Company's investment in joint ventures, which have been accounted for under the equity method:
 
Year ended December 31, 2019

 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Cash contributions to joint ventures
$
2,497

 
$
1,655

Distributions received from joint ventures
$
5,897

 
$
8,164

 
 
 
 


33

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Net assets

Company share of net assets

 
Net assets

Company share of net assets

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
$
8,288

$
5,959

 
$
4,965

$
4,047

Tenant and other receivables
5,192

3,374

 
2,443

1,591

Other
1,032

793

 
1,349

1,021

Current assets
14,512

10,126

 
8,757

6,659

 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment properties
361,970

256,945

 
256,184

202,972

Property, plant and equipment
26,878

19,567

 
28,012

20,498

Loans receivable
13,978

9,010

 
3,864

39

Derivative instruments


 
2,024

1,726

Other non-current assets
1,107

927

 
445

325

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
418,445

$
296,575

 
$
299,286

$
232,219

 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$
7,578

$
5,441

 
$
6,511

$
4,945

Unearned revenue
724

560

 
1,066

873

Mortgages payable - current
29,424

21,207

 
32,323

25,382

Current liabilities
37,726

27,208

 
39,900

31,200

 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages payable - non-current
217,627

156,853

 
144,419

116,263

Loan payable to Invesque (note 3)
9,559

8,673

 


Loan commitment liability
2,359

1,478

 


Derivative instruments
2,627

2,012

 


Other non-current liabilities
1,702

1,030

 
104

98

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
$
271,600

$
197,254

 
$
184,423

$
147,561

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net assets
$
146,845

$
99,321

 
$
114,863

$
84,658


Loan commitment liability represents the fair value of commitments made by the Company to issue loans at rates below market value.

 
Year ended
December 31, 2019
 
Year ended
December 31, 2018
 
Net income (loss)

Company share of net income (loss)

 
Net income (loss)

Company share of net income (loss)

 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
78,954

$
52,564

 
$
84,234

$
59,153

Property operating expense
(57,549
)
(37,067
)
 
(68,782
)
(46,889
)
Finance costs
(10,762
)
(8,048
)
 
(7,597
)
(6,065
)
Depreciation expense
(1,326
)
(995
)
 
(1,586
)
(1,189
)
Change in fair value of financial instruments
(3,010
)
(2,465
)
 
(434
)
(373
)
Change in fair value of investment properties
(16,272
)
(10,788
)
 
849

813

Net income (loss), prior to distributions to owners
$
(9,965
)
$
(6,799
)
 
$
6,684

$
5,450



34

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


Related party transactions occur between the Company and its joint ventures. These related party transactions are in the normal course of operations and are measured at the exchange amount, which is the amount of consideration established and agreed to between the parties. Except as disclosed elsewhere in these consolidated financial statements, the related party balances are included in accounts payable, other receivables, loans receivable, and lease revenue from joint ventures.

The following table summarizes information about the gross balance of mortgages payable at the joint ventures:
 
 
December 31, 2019

 
December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages at fixed rates:
 
 
 
 
Mortgages (principal) (1)
 
$
163,307

 
$
100,028

Interest rates
 
3.99% to 4.98%

 
3.24% to 5.68%

Weighted average interest rate
 
4.33
%
 
4.26
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages at variable rates:
 
 
 
 
Mortgages (principal)
 
$
84,745

 
$
76,874

Interest rates
 
LIBOR plus 2.40% to LIBOR plus 3.00%

 
LIBOR plus 2.75% to LIBOR plus 3.20%

Weighted average interest rate
 
4.56
%
 
5.43
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Blended weighted average rate
 
4.41
%
 
4.76
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Includes $115,280 of variable rate mortgages that are fixed with interest rate swaps.






























35

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


The following tables summarize the information about the Company's investment in Jaguarundi Ventures, which have been accounted for under the equity method. The joint venture was formed on June 5, 2019.

 
December 31, 2019
 
Net assets

Company share of net assets

 
 
 
Cash
$
3,936

$
2,382

Tenant and other receivables
1,620

980

Current assets
5,556

3,362

 
 
 
Investment properties
162,660

98,420

Loans receivable
10,120

8,972

 
 
 
Total assets
$
178,336

$
110,754

 
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$
2,154

$
1,303

Unearned revenue
82

50

Mortgages payable - current
2,122

1,284

Current liabilities
4,358

2,637

 
 
 
Mortgages payable - non-current
99,542

60,229

Loan payable to Invesque (note 3)
9,559

8,673

Loan commitment liability
2,359

1,428

Derivative instruments
659

399

Other non-current liabilities
1,700

1,029

 
 
 
Total liabilities
$
118,177

$
74,395

 
 
 
Net assets
$
60,159

$
36,359


 
Year ended
December 31, 2019
 
Net income (loss)

Company share of net income (loss)

 
 
 
Revenue
$
8,417

$
5,048

Property operating expense
(1,536
)
(970
)
Finance costs
(2,847
)
(1,723
)
Change in fair value of financial instruments
(126
)
(76
)
Change in fair value of investment properties
(5,621
)
(4,219
)
Net income (loss), prior to distributions to owners
$
(1,713
)
$
(1,940
)


36

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


8.
Credit facilities:
The credit facilities are recorded net of loan fees, which are capitalized when paid, and amortized into finance cost over the terms of the related loans using the effective interest rate method.
 
December 31, 2019

Borrowing rate at December 31, 2019

 
December 31, 2018

Borrowing rate at December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
Unsecured Facility Term (1)
$
200,000

4.51
%
 
$
200,000

4.33
%
Unsecured Facility Revolver (3)
173,750

4.43
%
 
44,900

4.75
%
Secured Revolving Facility

%
 
12,740

6.31
%
Mohawk Facility USD denominated portion
21,286

3.96
%
 
21,286

4.72
%
Mohawk Facility CAD denominated portion (1) (2)
65,589

4.32
%
 
62,461

4.53
%
Magnetar Facility
15,000

8.50
%
 

%
Commonwealth Facility (1)
176,000

3.84
%
 

%
Finance costs, net
(4,666
)

 
(3,247
)

Carrying value
$
646,959

4.36
%
 
$
338,140

4.52
%
Less current portion
14,569

 
 
12,647

 
Long-term portion
$
632,390

 
 
$
325,493

 
(1) This facility is fixed with an interest rate swap. 
(2) This facility is denominated in Canadian dollars with a principal amount of CAD$85,202. 
(3) $75,000 of this facility is fixed with interest rate swaps. 
On December 20, 2018 the Company entered into an agreement for an unsecured credit facility (the "Unsecured Facility") with a $400,000 capacity. The Unsecured Facility is comprised of a $200,000 term loan and a $200,000 revolving line of credit. The term loan has a maturity date of December 20, 2023, while the revolving line of credit has a maturity date of December 20, 2022, with a one year extension option, subject to lender approval. The Unsecured Facility bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin based on the Company's consolidated leverage ratio, with an option to use a rate based on Base Rate, as defined in the agreement, plus an applicable margin.
The table below shows the applicable margins at each leverage ratio:
Level
Consolidated Leverage Ratio
Applicable Margin for Revolving Credit LIBOR Loans

Applicable Margin for LIBOR Loans that are Term Loans

1
Less than 40%
1.60
%
1.55
%
2
Equal to or greater than 40% but less than 45%
1.75
%
1.70
%
3
Equal to or greater than 45% but less than 50%
1.90
%
1.85
%
4
Equal to or greater than 50% but less than 55%
2.05
%
2.00
%
5
Equal to or greater than 55% but less than 60%
2.20
%
2.15
%
6
Equal to or greater than 60% but less than 65%
2.45
%
2.40
%
The borrowing capacity of the Unsecured Facility is based on the undepreciated book value of an unencumbered pool of assets. Per the agreement, the Company's leverage cannot exceed 62.5% through December 31, 2019, reducing to 60% thereafter. The agreement also provides for the Company's leverage to increase to 65% for two quarters following any material acquisition. Per the agreement, the fixed charge ratio shall not be less than 1.75 to 1.0. On November 7, 2019, the Company amended the terms of the Unsecured Facility to extend the surge provision period following a material acquisition for both

37

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


the maximum consolidated total leverage ratio covenant and unencumbered pool leverage covenant. The maximum consolidated total leverage ratio covenant can increase to 65% for four quarters starting with the third quarter of 2019. The unencumbered pool leverage ratio may increase to 65% for two quarters starting with the third quarter of 2019, reducing to 62.5% for two quarters after that, and reducing back to 60% thereafter. The Company's acquisition of Commonwealth is considered a material acquisition under the terms of the Unsecured Facility.
On February 24, 2017, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a secured revolving credit facility ("Secured Revolving Facility") for the purpose of financing property acquisitions. The Secured Revolving Facility had a maximum capacity of $25,000 and had an original maturity date of February 24, 2018. Interest on the Secured Revolving Facility was variable in nature and is dependent on the security provided to the lender. The Secured Revolving Facility provided the ability to draw funds as a first priority mortgage up to 55% of the value of the collateral property, and a second priority mortgage up to 95% of the value of the collateral property.

On February 9, 2018, the Company amended the terms of the Secured Revolving Facility to extend its maturity date to December 31, 2018 and reduce available capacity on a second priority mortgage from 95% to 80% of the value of the collateral property. In conjunction with the amendment, the Company repaid in full $6,000 then outstanding on the Secured Revolving Facility and received proceeds of $17,024 to fund the acquisition of the Grand Brook Properties (note 5).

On September 28, 2018, the Company repaid $5,000 on the Secured Revolving Facility. On October 2, 2018, the Company repaid the remaining $12,024. On October 26, 2018 the Company amended the terms of the Secured Revolving Facility to extend the maturity date to June 30, 2019 and reduce the maximum capacity to $12,740. Concurrently, the Company drew $12,740 secured by a property in Webster, Texas.

On June 7, 2019, the Company repaid in full the remaining balance of the Secured Revolving Facility.

On May 1, 2018, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a secured credit facility ("Mohawk Facility") for the purpose of funding the acquisition of 14 properties from Mohawk REIT. The facility has maximum commitment amounts of CAD$90,060, with a borrowing rate of the BA Rate plus 220 basis points, and a US Dollar commitment of $22,515, with a borrowing rate of LIBOR plus 220 basis points. The facility provides for interest-only payments through its maturity date of May 1, 2023. Per the terms of the agreement, CAD$4,858 and USD$1,228 are reserved for the construction of tenant improvements and the payment of leasing commissions for leases entered into after the closing of the transaction. On May 1, 2018, in conjunction with the acquisition from Mohawk REIT, the Company drew CAD$85,202 and USD$16,647. The facility also included an allocation of USD$4,460 for the acquisition of an additional medical office property in Williamsville, New York. On June 28, 2018, the Company amended the terms of the agreement to increase the borrowing capacity for the Williamsville, New York property to USD$6,572. The company drew a total of USD$6,572 in conjunction with the closing of the Williamsville asset on July 9, 2018. On December 31, 2018, the Company repaid USD$1,933 on the facility.

On July 26, 2019, the Company entered into a credit agreement with Magnetar for a principal amount of $30,000, annual interest rate of 8.5%, and an initial maturity of one year with a one year extension option. On December 5, 2019, the Company repaid $15,000 on the facility.
On August 1, 2019, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a secured credit facility ("Commonwealth Facility") for the purpose of funding the acquisition of Commonwealth Tranche I. The $176,000 new debt secured by 16 properties has a maturity date of August 1, 2024, with 2 available extension options. It bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 215 basis points. The agreement also provides for an accordion feature that would extend the capacity of the loan by an additional $50,000 subject to certain terms and conditions provided for in the agreement.










38

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


Future principal repayments of the credit facilities are as follows:

 
Aggregate principal
payments

2020
$
15,000

2021

2022
173,750

2023
286,875

2024
176,000

Thereafter

Total
$
651,625


39

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


9.
Mortgages payable:
Mortgages payable consist of the following as at December 31, 2019:
 
 
December 31, 2019

 
December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages payable
 
$
275,083

 
$
306,170

Mark-to-market adjustment, net
 
2,297

 
(883
)
Finance costs, net
 
(1,913
)
 
(1,957
)
Carrying value
 
$
275,467

 
$
303,330

Less current portion
 
43,024

 
49,444

Long-term portion
 
$
232,443

 
$
253,886

 
 
 
 
 

Mortgages payable are collateralized by investment properties and property, plant and equipment with a value of $436,838 at December 31, 2019. Maturity dates on mortgages payable range from 2020 to 2054, and the weighted average years to maturity is 8.92 years at December 31, 2019.

Future principal payments on the mortgages payable as at December 31, 2019 are as follows:
 
Regular principal payments

Principal due on maturity

Total principal payments

% of total principal payments

 
 
 
 
 
2020
$
5,223

$
30,952

$
36,175

13.15
%
2021
5,951

17,406

23,357

8.49
%
2022
5,651

27,336

32,987

11.99
%
2023
5,220

41,102

46,322

16.84
%
2024
3,697

20,443

24,140

8.78
%
Thereafter
49,162

62,940

112,102

40.75
%
 
$
74,904

$
200,179

$
275,083

100.00
%
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
December 31, 2019

 
December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages at fixed rates:
 
 
 
 
Mortgages (principal) (1)
 
$
241,451

 
$
228,925

Interest rates
 
2.55% to 6.96%

 
3.08% to 5.98%

Weighted average interest rate
 
4.76
%
 
4.58
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages at variable rates:
 
 
 
 
Mortgages (principal)
 
$
33,632

 
$
77,245

Interest rates
 
LIBOR plus 3.20% to Canada Prime Rate plus 1.25%

 
LIBOR plus 2.5% to US Prime plus 0.5%

Weighted average interest rate
 
5.02
%
 
5.56
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Blended weighted average rate
 
4.79
%
 
4.82
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Includes $53,640 of variable rate mortgages that are fixed with interest rate swaps.


40

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


10.
Derivative financial instruments:
Derivative financial instruments as at December 31, 2019 are detailed in the table below:
 
 
 
 
Asset (liability) balance
 
Income (loss) for the year ended
Swap
Maturity date
Fixed rate
Notional amount

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

 
December 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Secured Facility Term Swap
October 30, 2019
LIBOR fixed at 1.16%
$

$

$

 
$

$
(2,827
)
The Unsecured Term
December 19, 2023
LIBOR fixed at 2.11%
200,000

(4,466
)
1,189

 
(5,655
)
1,189

The Unsecured Revolver
January 2, 2024
LIBOR fixed at 2.57%
25,000

(1,019
)
(163
)
 
(856
)
(163
)
The Unsecured Revolver
December 1, 2022
LIBOR fixed at 2.11%
50,000

(861
)

 
(861
)

Leawood Swap (3)
March 15, 2024
Interest rate fixed at 4.55%
13,221


134

 
(407
)
185

Topeka Swap (3)
March 15, 2024
Interest rate fixed at 4.55%
12,558


128

 
(387
)
176

Red Oak Swap (1)
January 18, 2021
Interest rate fixed at 3.77%
4,141

(27
)
(17
)
 
(10
)
(17
)
Park Terrace Swap
December 18, 2020
LIBOR fixed at 2.42%


4

 
(4
)
12

Seneca Lake Swap
December 18, 2020
LIBOR fixed at 2.42%


4

 
(4
)
14

Winchester Swap
November 1, 2021
Interest rate fixed at 4.54%
6,496

(2
)
157

 
(159
)
(41
)
Calhoun Swap
May 31, 2019
LIBOR fixed at 1.75%


106

 
(3
)
(6
)
Mohawk Credit Facility Swap (2)
May 1, 2023
Banker's Acceptance fixed at 2.12%
65,589

(276
)
(126
)
 
(127
)
(126
)
Grand Brook Swap
October 2, 2021
Interest rate fixed at 5.98%
15,731

(475
)
(345
)
 
(130
)
(345
)
Commonwealth Swap
August 1, 2024
LIBOR fixed at 1.69%
176,000

(840
)

 
(840
)

Constant Care Swap
October 1, 2022
LIBOR fixed at 4.21%
27,272

64


 
64


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Carrying value
 
$
(7,902
)
$
1,071


$
(9,379
)
$
(1,949
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments (Asset)
 
$
64

$
1,722

 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments (Liability)
 
(7,966
)
(651
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(7,902
)
$
1,071

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1) The swap has a notional amount of CAD$5,371.
 
 
2) The swap is for a fixed amount of CAD$85,202.
 
 
3) These properties were contributed to a joint venture on June 5, 2019.
 
 



41

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


11.
Convertible debentures:

(a) 2016 Convertible Debentures

On December 16, 2016, the Company issued $45,000 aggregate principal amount of convertible unsecured subordinated debentures (the "2016 Convertible Debentures"). The 2016 Convertible Debentures are due on January 31, 2022 and bear interest at an annual rate of 5.00% payable semi-annually in arrears on July 31 and January 31 of each year.

The 2016 Convertible Debentures are convertible into common shares of the Company at the option of the holder at a conversion price of $11.00 per common share at any time prior to the earlier of January 31, 2022 and the last business day immediately preceding the date specified by the Company for redemption. On or after January 31, 2020 and prior to January 31, 2021, the 2016 Convertible Debentures may be redeemed by the Company in whole or in part at a price equal to the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest provided that the volume weighted average trading price of the common shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange for the 20 consecutive trading days preceding the date on which the notice of redemption is given is not less than 125% of the conversion price. On or after January 31, 2021, and prior to the maturity date, the 2016 Convertible Debentures may be redeemed by the Company in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at a price equal to the principal amount thereof plus accrued interest.

As at December 31, 2019 the 2016 Convertible Debentures are comprised of the following:

 
December 31, 2019

 
December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Issued
$
44,975

 
$
45,000

Issue costs, net of amortization and accretion of equity component
45

 
(694
)
Equity component, excluding issue costs and taxes
(1,648
)
 
(1,648
)
 
 
 
 
2016 Convertible Debentures
$
43,372

 
$
42,658

 
 
 
 

Interest costs related to the 2016 Convertible Debentures are recorded in financing costs using the effective interest rate method.

On May 6, 2019, $25 of 2016 Convertible Debentures were converted into 2,272 common shares.

(b) 2018 Convertible Debentures

On August 24, 2018, the Company issued $50,000 aggregate principal amount of convertible unsecured subordinated debentures (the "2018 Convertible Debentures"). The 2018 Convertible Debentures are due on September 30, 2023 and bear interest at an annual rate of 6.00% payable semi-annually in arrears on March 31 and September 30 of each year commencing on March 31, 2019.

The 2018 Convertible Debentures are convertible into common shares of the Company at the option of the holder at a conversion price of $10.70 per common share. The debentures will not be redeemable prior to September 30, 2021. On or after September 30, 2021, and prior to September 30, 2022, the 2018 Convertible Debentures may be redeemed in whole or in part from time to time at the Company’s option, at a price equal to their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, provided that the volume weighted average trading price of the common shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange for the 20 consecutive trading days preceding the date on which the notice of redemption is given is not less than 125% of the conversion price. On or after September 30, 2022, and prior to the maturity date, the 2018 Convertible Debentures may be redeemed by the Company, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at a price equal to the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest.





42

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


As at December 31, 2019 the 2018 Convertible Debentures are comprised of the following:

 
December 31, 2019

 
December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Issued
$
50,000

 
$
50,000

Issue costs, net of amortization and accretion of equity component
(1,587
)
 
(2,177
)
Equity component, excluding issue costs and taxes
(736
)
 
(736
)
 
 
 
 
2018 Convertible Debentures
$
47,677

 
$
47,087

 
 
 
 

Interest costs related to the 2018 Convertible Debentures are recorded in financing costs using the effective interest rate method.

12.
Commonwealth preferred unit liability:

On August 1, 2019, the Company issued $53,587 in preferred interests of the acquiring subsidiary to fund the purchase of Commonwealth Tranche I. The preferred interests are exchangeable by holders into common shares of the Company at a fixed exchange price of $9.75 per common share. The preferred interests have an initial dividend rate of 6.50% per annum, with annual escalators beginning August 1, 2024, and a liquidation value equal to their unreturned initial capital contribution and any accrued and unpaid dividends. These dividends are included in finance costs from operations in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income. Under certain circumstances, the Company will have the right to redeem the preferred interests at its discretion for an amount specified in the operating agreement.

On December 23, 2019, the Company issued $12,093 in preferred interests of the acquiring subsidiary to fund the purchase of the Commonwealth Tranche II.

As at December 31, 2019 the Commonwealth preferred unit liability is comprised of the following:
 
December 31, 2019

 
December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Issued
$
65,680

 
$

Equity component, net of accretion
(2,026
)
 

 
 
 
 
Commonwealth preferred unit liability
$
63,654

 
$

 
 
 
 


43

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


13.
Other liabilities:
Other liabilities are as follows:

 
December 31, 2019

 
December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Deferred shares liability (note 21)
$
2,597

 
$
1,756

Security deposits received from tenants
8,573

 
10,029

Escrows collected from tenant
944

 
1,575

Unearned revenue
1,426

 
303

Liability to previous owner of Care
632

 
1,000

Lease liability
2,199

 

Loan commitment liability (note 24)
979

 

Exchangeable Units liability (note 5)
2,049

 

Other
352

 
152

 
$
19,751

 
$
14,815

 
 
 
 
Current
$
3,015

 
$
2,030

Non-current
16,736

 
12,785

 
$
19,751

 
$
14,815


Loan commitment liability represents the fair value of commitments made by the Company to issue loans at rates below market value.

On August 30, 2019, the Company issued 327,869 Class B LP units with the right to exchange units into common shares at the option of the unit holder ("Exchangeable Units"). The shares were issued to fund $2,049 of the consideration paid for the three purchased properties located in Indiana. The Exchangeable Units are entitled to receive distributions equal to those provided to common share holders. These distributions are included in finance costs from operations in the consolidated statement of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss).


44

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


14.
Reconciliation of changes in liabilities arising from financing activities:
 
Credit facilities

Mortgages payable

Convertible debentures

Commonwealth preferred unit liability

Total

Balance, December 31, 2017
$
216,932

$
169,509

$
41,936

$

$
428,377

Debt assumed through acquisitions

179,958



179,958

Proceeds from financing
437,459

25,186

50,000


512,645

Repayments
(313,300
)
(64,513
)


(377,813
)
Scheduled principal payments

(4,459
)


(4,459
)
Financing costs paid
(3,825
)
(1,304
)
(2,387
)

(7,516
)
Amortizing of financing costs and mark to market adjustments
1,313

305

932


2,550

Non-cash write-off of deferred financing costs from refinancing
3,178

530



3,708

Changes in foreign currency rates
(3,617
)
(1,882
)


(5,499
)
Equity component of convertible debentures


(736
)

(736
)
 
 
 
 
 

Balance, December 31, 2018
$
338,140

$
303,330

$
89,745

$

$
731,215

 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from financing
370,350

39,489



409,839

Repayments
(63,990
)
(40,635
)


(104,625
)
Scheduled principal payments

(4,959
)


(4,959
)
Mortgages contributed to joint venture (note 7)

(102,692
)


(102,692
)
Mortgages assumed on acquisition of control over properties previously owned through a joint venture

32,265



32,265

Mortgages assumed through acquisition of property, plant, and equipment (note 6)

47,152



47,152

Commonwealth preferred units issued



65,680

65,680

Equity component of Commonwealth preferred unit liability



(2,093
)
(2,093
)
Financing costs paid
(1,952
)
(979
)


(2,931
)
Amortizing of financing costs and mark to market adjustments
1,311

1,259

1,329

67

3,966

Changes in foreign currency rates
3,100

1,237



4,337

Conversion of convertible debentures into common shares


(25
)

(25
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2019
$
646,959

$
275,467

$
91,049

$
63,654

$
1,077,129



45

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


15.
Share capital:
(a) Common shares:
The following number and value of common shares were issued and outstanding as at December 31, 2019:
 
Common shares

 
Value

Balance, December 31, 2017
32,358,754

 
$
310,459

Issued as consideration for acquisition of Care
16,855,890

 
148,406

Issued as consideration for acquisition of Mohawk
3,606,616

 
31,080

Issued on settlement of Deferred Share Incentive Plan
72,191

 
623

Issued pursuant to the Company's dividend reinvestment plan
100,700

 
782

Recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefit of amortization of issuance cost

 
2,223

Shares acquired under NCIB
(60,300
)
 
(408
)
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
52,933,851

 
$
493,165

Issued as consideration for acquisition of Symcare properties
555,556

 
3,800

Issued on settlement of Deferred Share Incentive Plan
150,912

 
1,078

Issued pursuant to the Company's dividend reinvestment plan
1,070,518

 
7,023

Shares acquired under NCIB
(79,627
)
 
(530
)
Issued through conversion of convertible debentures
2,272

 
25

 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2019
54,633,482

 
$
504,561

 
 
 
 

(i)
On November 9, 2018 the Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX") approved the Company's notice of intention to make a normal course issuer bid ("NCIB") for a portion of its common shares. Pursuant to the notice, the Company is authorized to acquire up to a maximum of 2,647,954 of its common shares, or approximately 5% of the Company’s 52,959,070 outstanding common shares as of November 1, 2018, for cancellation over the following 12 months. Purchases under the NCIB will be made through the facilities of the TSX or through a Canadian alternative trading system and in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements at a price per share equal to the market at the time of acquisition. The number of shares that can be purchased pursuant to the NCIB is subject to a daily maximum of 7,918 shares, subject to the Company’s ability to make one block purchase of shares per calendar week that exceeds such limits. Any shares purchased under the NCIB will be canceled upon purchase.

(ii)
On November 15, 2019 the Toronto Stock Exchange approved the Company's notice of intention to renew its NCIB for a portion of its common shares. Pursuant to the notice, the Company is authorized to acquire up to a maximum of 2,723,835 of its common shares, or approximately 5% of the Company’s 54,476,694 outstanding common shares as of November 1, 2019, for cancellation over the following 12 months. Purchases under the NCIB will be made through the facilities of the TSX or through a Canadian alternative trading system and in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements at a price per share equal to the market at the time of acquisition. The number of shares that can be purchased pursuant to the NCIB is subject to a daily maximum of 10,927 shares, subject to the Company’s ability to make one block purchase of shares per calendar week that exceeds such limits. Any shares purchased under the NCIB will be canceled upon purchase.

(iii)
For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company declared dividends payable on common shares of $39,764, respectively (2018 - $37,001). Of the $39,764 dividends declared in the year ended December 31, 2019, $7,687 is satisfied in the form of shares issued through the dividend reinvestment plan (2018 - $838).


46

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


(b) Preferred shares:
The following number and value of preferred shares were issued and outstanding as at December 31, 2019:
 
Preferred shares

 
Value

Balance, December 31, 2017
2,802,009

 
$
26,353

Issued Series 2 Preferred Shares
3,172,086

 
29,856

Issued Series 3 Preferred Shares
1,586,042

 
14,897

 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
$
7,560,137

 
$
71,106

Issued Series 4 preferred shares
1,538,461

 
14,283

 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2019
9,098,598

 
$
85,389


On December 22, 2017, the Company entered into subscription agreements in respect of the issuance of Class A convertible preferred shares ("Preferred Shares") for aggregate gross proceeds of $54,000, to be funded in multiple series. The first series was funded upon entering into the agreement resulting in the issuance of 2,802,009 Class A Series 1 Convertible Preferred Shares (the "Series 1 Preferred Shares") for aggregate gross proceeds of $26,500.

On February 2, 2018, the Company amended the terms of the subscription agreements to increase the amount of the subscription to $71,500. The second series was funded on February 9, 2018, resulting in the issuance of 3,172,086 Class A Series 2 Preferred Shares (the "Series 2 Preferred Shares") for aggregate gross proceeds of $30,000.

On March 29, 2018, the third series was funded, resulting in the issuance of 1,586,042 Class A Series 3 Preferred Shares (the "Series 3 Preferred Shares") on substantially the same terms as the other series for aggregate gross proceeds of $15,000.

The Preferred Shares issued during series 1, 2, and 3 are non-voting and are initially convertible into common shares of the Company on a one-for-one basis at the option of the holder based on an initial liquidation preference and a conversion price of $9.75. The Preferred Shares were issued at a price per share equal to the initial liquidation preference of $9.75, subject to a 3% discount. Following issuance, the liquidation preference of the Preferred Shares will accrete at a rate of 5.65% per annum, compounded quarterly, increasing the number of common shares into which each Preferred Share is convertible at the fixed rate, and is subject to further adjustments in certain circumstances. In certain circumstances, the Company may redeem the Preferred Shares for an amount equal to their liquidation preference and may also require the conversion of the Preferred Shares. If the Preferred Shares are redeemed or mandatorily converted in the first year following issuance, the liquidation preference of such shares will include a 4% premium to the initial liquidation preference. This premium will be reduced by 1% per year in respect of redemptions or mandatory conversions in the second, third or fourth years following issuance.

On July 23, 2019, the Company entered into subscription agreements in respect of the issuance of Class A convertible preferred shares to Magnetar for aggregate gross proceeds of $14,550. On August 27, 2019 the fourth series funded resulted in the issuance of 1,538,461 Class A Series 4 Preferred Shares.

The Series 4 Preferred Shares will be convertible into common shares at a conversion price of $9.75. The other terms of the Series 4 Preferred Shares will be substantially similar to the terms of the Company's Class A convertible preferred shares that are currently outstanding, except that the liquidation preference of the Series 4 Preferred Shares will accrete at a rate of 9.80% for the first 24 months following the issuance of the Series 4 Preferred Shares and 12.25% thereafter; the prepayment penalty on liquidation, mandatory conversion and redemption will be 1% of the initial liquidation amount if the applicable event occurs within the first six months after issuance and 0.5% of the initial liquidation amount if the applicable event occurs between 6 months and one year following the issuance;  and the Series 4 Preferred Shares will contain a limitation on converting to common shares, without prior approval of the Toronto Stock Exchange, if such conversion would result in the issuance of common shares equal to or exceeding 10% of the common shares outstanding on the date the Series 4 Preferred Shares are issued. 

As at December 31, 2019, the preferred shares are convertible into 10,006,860 common shares of the Company.


47

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


16.
Earnings per share:
Basic income per share is calculated using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. The calculation of diluted income per share, is calculated using the "if-converted" method and to the extent the conversion is dilutive, assumes all convertible securities have been converted at the beginning of the period, or at the time of issuance, if later, and any charges or returns on the convertible securities, on an after-tax basis, are removed from net earnings. The after-tax interest on the convertible debentures has been removed from net earnings and the weighted average number of shares has been increased by the number of shares, which would be issued on conversion of the convertible debentures, pro-rated for the number of days in the period the convertible debentures were outstanding. The outstanding convertible debentures, unvested deferred shares, Exchangeable Units, and Commonwealth preferred units, if exercised, would be anti-dilutive to net income per share. Accordingly their potential exercise has been ignored in calculating the diluted net income per share.

The following table reconciles the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted earnings per share computation:

Net loss:
 
Year ended December 31, 2019

 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Net loss for basic and diluted net loss per share
$
(5,359
)
 
$
(12,275
)
 
 
 
 

Denominator for basic and diluted net loss per share:
 
Year ended December 31, 2019

 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of shares, including fully vested deferred shares: Basic
53,989,904

 
50,273,295

Weighted average shares issued if all preferred shares were converted
8,661,804

 
6,975,227

Weighted average number of shares: Diluted
62,651,708

 
57,248,522

 
 
 
 

Net loss per share:
 
Year ended December 31, 2019

 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Basic and diluted
$
(0.10
)
 
$
(0.24
)
 
 
 
 


48

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


17.
Revenue:
(a) Rental Revenue:

Rental revenue consists of the following:
 
Year ended December 31, 2019

 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Contractual rental revenue
$
75,950

 
$
82,192

Straight-line rent adjustments
8,964

 
10,831

Amortization of tenant inducements
(158
)
 

Property tax recoveries
15,243

 
14,327

Revenue from services - CAM recoveries (1)
3,199

 
2,038

 
 
 
 
 
$
103,198

 
$
109,388

 
 
 
 
(1) Represents property services element in accordance with IFRS 15 

The Company is scheduled to receive rental income from operators of its seniors housing and care properties under the provisions of long term non-cancellable operating leases, generally with lease terms of 10 to 15 years, with provisions for lease extensions at the option of the tenants. These leases are triple-net and include renewal options and rent escalation clauses.

The Company is also scheduled to receive rental income from tenants of the medical office building portfolio. These leases, generally with lease terms of 5 to 10 years, include provisions for recovery of real estate taxes, insurance and costs associated with common area maintenance ("CAM").

The tenant Symcare operates a portfolio of 15 properties and pays rent pursuant to a master lease. For the year ended December 31, 2019, rental revenue from this tenant comprised approximately 38% (2018 - 32%), of the Company's consolidated rental revenue for the period.

Future minimum rentals to be received as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:
 
 
Less than 1 year
$
68,545

Between 1 and 5 years
273,684

More than 5 years
579,450

 
 
 
$
921,679


Future minimum rentals in the above table attributable to Symcare represent approximately 49% of the total.

(b) Resident rental and related revenue:

 
Year ended December 31, 2019

 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Resident revenue
$
16,210

 
$

Service revenue (1)
22,257

 

 
 
 
 
 
$
38,467

 
$

 
 
 
 
(1) Represents property services element in accordance with IFRS 15 

49

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


18.
Direct property operating expenses:
Direct property operating expenses consist of the following:

 
Year ended December 31, 2019
 
Year ended December 31, 2018
 
Owner occupied properties
Medical office buildings
Total
 
Owner occupied properties
Medical office buildings
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repairs and maintenance
$
763

$
1,539

$
2,302

 
$

$
744

$
744

Utilities
1,163

1,369

2,532

 

829

829

Property management fees

574

574

 

380

380

Compensation and benefits
19,226


19,226

 



Other services and supplies
2,562

1,022

3,584

 

642

642

Real estate taxes
715


715

 



Other
3,782

818

4,600

 

531

531

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
28,211

$
5,322

$
33,533


$

$
3,126

$
3,126


19.
Finance costs:
Finance costs consist of the following:
 
Year ended December 31, 2019

 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Interest expense on credit facilities
$
22,665

 
$
15,778

Interest expense on mortgages payable
11,922

 
17,096

Interest expense on convertible debentures
5,249

 
3,317

Distributions on Exchangeable Units
80

 

Dividends on Commonwealth preferred units
1,475

 

Amortization and accretion expense
3,882

 
2,819

Interest rate swap receipts
(86
)
 
(1,226
)
Write-off of deferred financing costs from refinancing
82

 
3,708

Amortization of mark-to-market debt adjustments
25

 
79

Interest income from loans receivable (note 3)
(3,661
)
 
(3,307
)
 
 
 
 
Finance costs from operations
$
41,633

 
$
38,264

 
 
 
 
Allowance for credit losses on loans and interest receivable (note 3)
1,003

 
11,336

Change in non-controlling interest liability
504

 
17,927

Change in fair value of financial instruments
9,379

 
2,325

Change in fair value of contingent consideration

 
10,676

 
 
 
 
Total finance costs
$
52,519

 
$
80,528



50

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


20.
General and administrative:
General and administrative costs consist of the following:
 
Year ended December 31, 2019

 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
$
9,067

 
$
6,273

Asset management and administrative fees
499

 
421

Professional fees
3,090

 
2,544

Deferred share compensation
2,653

 
1,283

Other
2,783

 
2,891

 
 
 
 
 
$
18,092

 
$
13,412


For the year ended December 31, 2019, $2,843 (2018 - NIL) of general and administrative costs were incurred at the Commonwealth management company.

21.
Deferred share incentive plan:
On May 25, 2016, the shareholders of the Company voted on and approved a deferred share incentive plan (the "Deferred Share Incentive Plan").
Each director of the Company is given the right to participate in the Deferred Share Incentive Plan. Directors who elect to participate shall receive a portion of their fees earned for service on the Board (the "Elected Amount") in the form of deferred shares in lieu of cash ("Individual Contributed Deferred Shares"). In addition, the Deferred Share Incentive Plan provides that the Company shall match 100% of the elected amount for each director such that the aggregate number of deferred shares issued to each such director annually shall be equal in value to two times the elected amount for such director ("Company Contributed Deferred Shares").
Under the Deferred Share Incentive Plan, deferred shares may be granted from time to time to participants in the Deferred Share Incentive Plan at the discretion of the Board of Directors or the Compensation, Governance and Nominating Committee ("Discretionary Deferred Shares")
Wherever cash dividends are paid on the common shares, additional deferred shares are credited to the participant's account. The number of such additional deferred shares is calculated by multiplying the aggregate number of deferred shares held on the relevant dividend record date by the amount of the dividend paid by the Company on each common share, and dividing the result by the market value of the common shares on the dividend date.
Individual Contributed Deferred Shares vest immediately upon grant. Company Contributed Deferred Shares, which are granted only to directors, generally vest in three equal installments on the first three anniversary dates of the grant.
Discretionary Deferred Shares may also be granted to participants and, where vesting is not specified in connection with the grant, such Discretionary Deferred Shares will vest on the second anniversary of the date of grant.
Additional deferred shares credited to a participant's account in connection with cash dividends vest on the same schedule as their corresponding Deferred Shares and are considered issued on the same date as the deferred shares in respect of which they were credited.
At the meeting of shareholders held on May 16, 2018, shareholders approved an amendment to the Deferred Share Incentive Plan to increase the maximum number of common shares available for issuance under the Deferred Share Incentive Plan to 4,000,000.



51

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


At December 31, 2019, the number of deferred shares granted and outstanding and vested are as follows:
 
Granted/
Outstanding

 
Fully Vested

 
 
 
 
As at December 31, 2017
194,564

 
47,124

Discretionary Deferred Shares granted
178,543

 
66,548

Individual Contributed Deferred Shares (vested immediately)
36,873

 
36,873

Company Contributed Deferred Shares
38,363

 
13,893

Shares forfeited
(872
)
 
(2
)
Shares issued upon vesting of deferred shares
(72,192
)
 
(72,192
)
 
 
 
 
As at December 31, 2018
375,279

 
92,244

 
 
 
 
Discretionary Deferred Shares granted
621,917

 
95,526

Individual Contributed Deferred Shares (vested immediately)
41,289

 
41,289

Company Contributed Deferred Shares
28,995

 
30,039

Shares forfeited
(18,842
)
 

Shares issued upon vesting of deferred shares
(150,912
)
 
(150,912
)
 
 
 
 
As at December 31, 2019
897,726

 
108,186

 
 
 
 

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the expense recognized in the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) related to deferred shares was $2,653 (2018 - $1,283). A deferred share liability of $2,597 (2018 - $1,756) is included in other non-current liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2019.

On May 14, 2019, the Company granted 292,825 deferred shares that are considered to be equity settled, as the participants of this grant have waived their rights to receive settlement in cash pursuant to the plan. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company amortized $733 of equity settled deferred shares.

The table above includes dividends granted during the year ended December 31, 2019 of 72,585 shares (2018 - 27,767 shares).

22.
Related party transactions:
Related party transactions in addition to those disclosed elsewhere in these consolidated financial statements are as follows:

A member of the Board of Directors has an ownership interest in a marketing firm ("JDA Worldwide"). For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company incurred $48 (2018 - $307) of marketing costs in the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) related to services performed by JDA Worldwide.

The Company entered into subscription agreements in 2017 and 2018 in respect of the issuance of class A convertible preferred shares to certain funds managed by Magnetar Financial LLC (collectively, "Magnetar"), a significant shareholder of the Company, funded in multiple series. The purpose of the transaction was to raise proceeds to be used for the repayment of debt, general working capital purposes and to fund future acquisitions. The Company issued 7,560,137 preferred shares for aggregate gross proceeds of $71,500.

On June 5, 2019, the Company formed a joint venture, Jaguarundi Ventures, LP, with Magnetar (note 7). The Company contributed 8 properties to a newly formed joint venture and received $23,000 from Magnetar in exchange for a 39.49% interest in the joint venture.


52

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


On July 23, 2019, the Company entered subscription agreements in respect of the issuance of Class A convertible preferred shares to Magnetar for aggregate proceeds of $14,550. On August 27, 2019 the fourth series funded resulted in the issuance of 1,538,461 Class A Series 4 Preferred Shares.

On July 26, 2019, the Company entered into a credit agreement with Magnetar for a principal amount of $30,000, annual interest rate of 8.5%, and an initial maturity of one year with a one year extension option. On December 5, 2019, the Company repaid $15,000 on the facility.

23.
Income taxes:
The income tax expense (recovery) in the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) differs from that expected by applying the combined federal, provincial and state income tax rates of 26.5% (2018 - 26.5%). The differences for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
 
Year ended December 31, 2019

 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Net loss before income taxes
$
(5,426
)
 
$
(15,156
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax recovery at Canadian tax rate
(1,438
)
 
(4,016
)
Non-deductible expenses
1,443

 
1,291

Difference in tax rate in foreign jurisdiction
(19
)
 
(152
)
Other
(53
)
 
(4
)
Income tax recovery
$
(67
)
 
$
(2,881
)
 
 
 
 

The Company has certain subsidiaries in the United States and Canada that are subject to tax on their taxable income. The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below.

 
December 31, 2019

 
December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Tax losses
$
19,756

 
$
18,704

Financing costs
952

 
1,622

Derivative instruments
2,378

 

Other
2,703

 

 
 
 
 
 
$
25,789

 
$
20,326

 
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Investment properties and property, plant and equipment
$
30,691

 
$
26,511

Derivative instruments

 
257

Convertible debentures
343

 
461

Other
1,699

 
108

 
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities
$
32,733

 
$
27,337

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net deferred tax liability
$
(6,944
)
 
$
(7,011
)
 
 
 
 


53

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018



The gross movement in deferred tax is as follows:
 
Year ended December 31, 2019

 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Deferred tax liability, beginning balance
$
7,011

 
$
10,291

Deferred tax recovery
(67
)
 
(2,881
)
Deferred tax resulting from business combination

 
1,699

Deferred tax liability charged to equity

 
(2,098
)
Deferred tax liability, ending balance
$
6,944

 
$
7,011

 
 
 
 

At December 31, 2019, U.S. subsidiaries had accumulated net operating losses available for carryforward for U.S. income tax purposes of $51,965 (2018 - $51,316). The pre-2019 accumulated net operating losses of $51,316 will expire in 2037. The state net operating losses will expire in 2028. The Company and its Canadian subsidiary have losses in Canada for income tax purposes amounting to $16,915 that expire between 2036 and 2038.

The Company has non-capital losses amounting to $2,129 in Canada at December 31, 2019 (2018 - $2,110) for which no deferred tax asset has been recognized as it is not probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the Company can use the benefits therefrom.

24.
Commitments and contingencies:
Pursuant to the Chesterton lease agreement and satisfaction of certain conditions, the tenant has an option prior to the end of the fifth year of the lease to increase rent to a level supported by certain metrics as identified in the lease agreement. In consideration for the exercise of such option, the Company is required to pay the tenant an amount equal to the capitalized value of the rent increase using a pre-determined capitalization rate.  If such option is exercised, the tenant's rent is also increased by an amount equal to the consideration paid multiplied by the capitalization rate.  The Company has not recorded any balance in the consolidated financial statements associated with this commitment.

There are risks which arise from the joint arrangements, including the willingness of the other partners to contribute or withdraw funds and a change in creditworthiness of the partner. As a result, there may be a requirement by the Company to contribute cash into the operating partnerships.

On December 31, 2018, the Company entered into an operating agreement with Javelina Ventures, LLC in which the Company will share in 5% of the net available cash flows from operations. Concurrently, the Company entered into an agreement to guarantee a total of $5,000 of the mortgages on the properties operated by Javelina Ventures, LLC. The Company will earn an annual guaranty fee of $225 until the loans have been repaid or the guaranty is released. The Company has not recorded any balance in the financial statements associated with this commitment.

On June 5, 2019, the Company entered into agreements to fund future loans to tenants of the Jaguarundi Ventures, LP joint venture. On October 1, 2019, the Company amended the agreements to increase the future loan commitments to the tenants. As at December 31, 2019, the Company is committed to fund an additional $2,402 pursuant to these agreements. The Company has recorded an associated loan commitment liability representing the fair value of these commitments, which were made at interest rates below market value. The Company provides a guarantee on the outstanding mortgage balances of the Jaguarundi Ventures, LP in exchange for a fee equal to 15 basis points on the amount guaranteed.


54

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


25.
Capital management:

The Company's objectives when managing capital are to ensure sufficient liquidity to pursue its organic growth combined with strategic acquisitions, and to maintain a flexible capital structure that optimizes the cost of capital at acceptable risk and preserves the ability to meet financial obligations.

The capital of the Company consists of mortgages payable, the credit facilities, convertible debentures, Commonwealth preferred unit liability, preferred shares and common shares.

The Company sets the amount of capital in proportion to risk and manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in light of changes to economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets, as well as with consideration of externally imposed capital requirements. In managing its capital structure, the Company monitors performance throughout the period to ensure working capital requirements are funded from operations, available cash on deposit and available financing. The Company may make changes to its capital structure in order to support the broader corporate strategy or in light of economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. In order to maintain or adjust its capital structure, the Company may issue equity or new debt, issue new debt with different characteristics to replace existing debt, or reduce the amount of existing debt.

The real estate industry is capital-intensive by nature. As a result, debt capital is an important aspect in managing the business. In addition, financial leverage is used to enhance terms from purchased real estate. The Company actively monitors debt maturities and available debt financing options.

Under the terms of the Company's credit facilities, the Company is required to meet certain financial and non-financial covenants that are customary for the nature and phase of the Company's current business structure.

26.
Fair value measurement:

The fair value hierarchy of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the consolidated statements of financial position is as follows:

 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

 
Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative asset
$

$
64

$

 
$

$
1,722

$

Investment properties


969,634

 


1,115,530

Loans receivable


2,368

 


2,141

Loan commitment liability

979


 



Derivative liability

7,966


 

651


Deferred share liability

2,597


 

1,756


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

For the assets and liabilities measured at fair value as at December 31, 2019, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 liabilities during the period. For changes in fair value measurements of investment properties included in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, refer to note 5 for details. The fair values of the derivative instruments represents estimates at a specific point in time using financial models, based on interest rates that reflect current market conditions, the credit quality of counterparties and interest rate curves. Fair value measurements of derivative instruments were estimated using Level 2 inputs. Fair value of deferred share liability represents the value of the units if converted using the market price of the Company's common shares.

Fair value of financial instruments:

The carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments as shown in the consolidated statements of financial position are shown in the table below. The table below excludes cash, restricted cash, tenant and other receivables, security deposits

55

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


and costs related to future acquisitions, income support receivable, escrow deposits held by lenders, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, accrued real estate taxes, construction payable, liabilities to previous owner of Care, escrows collected from tenant, and dividend payable, as the carrying amounts of these assets and liabilities are a reasonable approximation of fair value due to their short term nature. The table also excludes security deposits received from tenants as the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value.

 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Carrying Value

Fair Value

 
Carrying Value

Fair Value

 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Loans receivable
$
48,902

$
48,947

 
$
32,422

$
32,361

Derivative instruments
64

64

 
1,722

1,722

Bond assets
1,071

1,071

 


Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages payable
275,467

275,083

 
303,330

306,170

Credit facilities
646,959

651,625

 
338,140

341,387

Derivative instruments
7,966

7,966

 
651

651

Convertible debentures
91,049

86,441

 
89,745

72,500

Commonwealth preferred unit liability
63,654

63,654

 


Loan commitment liability
979

979

 


Exchangeable Units liability
2,049

2,207

 



Fair value represents management's estimates of the fair market value at a given point in time, which may not reflect fair value in the future. These calculations are subjective and require estimation, and cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. The following summarizes the significant methods and assumptions used in estimating the fair values of financial instruments reflected in the table above.

(i)
Loans receivable

The fair value of loans receivable is determined by the discounted cash flow method using applicable inputs such as prevailing interest rates, contractual rates and discounts. Fair value measurements of these instruments were estimated using Level 3 inputs. The carrying values of short term loans generally approximate their fair values.

(ii)
Derivative instruments

The fair values of the derivative instruments represents estimates at a specific point in time using financial models, based on interest rates that reflect current market conditions, the credit quality of counterparties and interest rate curves. Fair value measurements of derivative instruments were estimated using Level 2 inputs.

(iii)
Bond assets

The fair value of bond assets is determined by the discounted cash flow method using applicable inputs such as discount rates and fixed payment schedules. Fair value measurements of these instruments were estimated using Level 3 inputs. The carrying values of bond assets approximate their fair values.

(iv)
Mortgages payable and credit facility

The fair values of these instruments are estimates made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information. These estimates are based on quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or on the current rates offered to the Company for similar financial instruments subject to similar risk and maturities. Fair value measurements of these

56

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


instruments were estimated using Level 2 inputs. The carrying values of short-term and variable rate debt generally approximate their fair values.

(v)
Convertible debentures

The Company determined the fair value of the convertible debentures using quoted market prices which are considered Level 1 inputs.

(vi)
Commonwealth preferred unit liability

The fair value of the Commonwealth preferred unit liability is determined by the discounted cash flow method using applicable inputs such as market interest rates and contractual rates. Fair value measurements of these instruments were estimated using Level 3 inputs.

(vii)
Loan commitment liability

The fair value of the loan commitment liability is determined by the discounted cash flow method using applicable inputs such as market interest rates and contractual rates. Fair value measurements of these instruments were estimated using Level 3 inputs.

(viii) Exchangeable Unit liability

The Company determined the fair value of the Exchangeable Unit liability using quoted market prices of the Company's common shares which are considered Level 2 inputs.

27. Financial risk management:

The Company's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including foreign currency risk and interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company's overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on the Company's financial performance.

Risk management is carried out by senior management under guidelines approved by the Board of Directors. There have been no significant changes in the Company's risk management policies and strategies since December 31, 2018.

(i)
Market risk

Foreign currency risk:

Foreign exchange risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. A portion of the Company's operations are located in Canada, resulting in the Company being subject to foreign currency fluctuations which may impact its financial position and results. In order to mitigate the risk, the Company's borrowings on Canadian assets are also denominated in Canadian dollars to act as a natural hedge. In addition, Canadian dollar revenue was predominantly naturally hedged by Canadian dollar expenditures such as corporate professional fees, interest expense and administrative expenditures.

Interest rate risk:

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company is not exposed to interest rate risk on loans receivable because all of the loans earn interest at fixed rates.

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on the credit facilities and certain mortgages payable, which bear interest at variable rates. To manage interest rate risk, the Company entered into swap agreements which effectively fixes interest on a portion of its variable rate debt. It may also enter into additional derivative financial instruments from time to time to mitigate interest rate risk. At December 31, 2019, 85.0% of our interest was of fixed rate, including the

57

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


impact of in-place swaps. To limit exposure to the risk of higher interest rates at renewal, the Company spreads the maturities of its fixed-rate, long-term debt over time.

The Company's remaining financial instruments have no exposure to interest rate risk due to their short-term nature.

At December 31, 2019, the Company's interest-bearing financial instruments were as follows:

 
Carrying Amount
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Fixed-rate financial liabilities
$
860,650

 
$
601,435

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable-rate financial liabilities
$
152,825

 
$
129,780

 
 
 
 

As at December 31, 2019, an increase/decrease of 100-basis-points in interest rates, assuming all other variables are constant, would result in a $1,537 (2018 - $1,312) change in the Company's finance costs over the next twelve months.

(ii)
Credit risk:

Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the Company by failing to discharge its obligations. The Company is exposed to credit risk on all financial assets and its exposure is generally limited to the carrying amount on the consolidated statement of financial position. The Company is exposed to credit risk arising from the possibility that a borrower may be unable to fulfill their contractual obligations. In the event that borrowers are not able to meet commitments, the Company could suffer a loss of either interest or principal or both. The Company actively manages its affairs to minimize its credit risk through careful selection and assessment of its credit parties and collateral based on knowledge obtained through means such as due diligence carried out in respect of leasing transactions to new operators. The Company also manages credit risk related to its cash balances by selection of reputable banking institutions.

(iii)
Liquidity risk:

The Company is subject to the liquidity risk that it will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they come due. Although a portion of the cash flow generated by the investment properties is devoted to servicing outstanding debt and the convertible debentures, there can be no assurance that the Company will continue to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to meet interest payments and principal repayment obligations upon an applicable maturity date. If the Company is unable to meet principal or interest repayment obligations, it could be required to renegotiate such payments, issue additional equity or debt, or obtain other financing. The failure to make or renegotiate interest or principal payments, issue additional equity or debt, or obtain other financing could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations. The Company manages its liquidity risk through cash and debt management. The Company plans to address scheduled interest payments through operating cash flows and significant principal maturities through a combination of debt and equity financing.












58

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


The following are the contractual maturities of the Company's financial liabilities as at December 31, 2019, including expected interest payments where applicable:

 
 
Total
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Thereafter
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit facilities principal
 
$
651,625

$
15,000

$

$
173,750

$
286,875

$
176,000

$

Credit facilities interest
 
105,261

27,878

27,078

26,827

16,701

6,777


Mortgages payable principal
 
275,083

36,175

23,357

32,987

46,322

24,140

112,102

Mortgages payable interest
 
75,061

11,228

10,527

8,998

7,767

5,183

31,358

Convertible debentures principal
 
94,975



44,975

50,000



Convertible debentures interest
 
17,622

5,249

5,249

4,124

3,000



Commonwealth preferred unit liability principal (1)
 
65,680





65,680


Commonwealth preferred unit liability interest
 
20,982

4,257

4,293

4,293

4,459

3,680


Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 
18,885

18,885






Accrued real estate taxes
 
13,066

13,066






Dividends payable
 
3,354

3,354






Other current liabilities
 
3,015

3,015






Other non-current liabilities
 
16,736

3,052

1,299

763

488

386

10,748

Loan commitments
 
2,402

2,022

380





 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Commitments
 
$
1,363,747

$
143,181

$
72,183

$
296,717

$
415,612

$
281,846

$
154,208

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) The liability has no stated maturity date. It is the Company's expectation that the liability will be repaid in 2024.

28. Key management personnel compensation:

The remuneration of key management personnel of the Company for years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is set forth in the table below.

 
Year ended December 31, 2019

 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
 
 
 
Officers and directors compensation
$
2,684

 
$
2,510

Share based compensation
2,490

 
987

 
 
 
 
 
$
5,174

 
$
3,497

 
 
 
 


59

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


29. Segments:

The Company’s current portfolio includes investments in assisted living, independent living, memory care, transitional care, long-term care, and medical office properties. The Company's senior housing and care investments in assisted living, independent living, memory care, transitional care and long-term care share similar characteristics and are generally leased to operators on a long-term, triple-net lease basis. In some instances the Company has an interest in both the property and operations in joint ventures and joint arrangements with the operating partner at the facility. The Company considers these investments to be one reportable operating segment. The Company has investments in 15 medical office buildings ("Medical office buildings"). This multi-tenant medical office portfolio has different characteristics that are evaluated by management, and is considered to be a separate reportable operating segment. Through the acquisition of Commonwealth and the transition of the Greenfield assets, the Company has investments in 33 properties and a management company that operates 30 of those properties ("Owner occupied property"). Management considers this another reportable operating segment.

The following tables show net income (loss) by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

 
Year ended December 31, 2019
 
Seniors housing and care investment properties

Owner occupied properties

Medical office buildings

Corporate/other

Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenue
$
89,944

$

$
13,254

$

$
103,198

Resident rental and related revenue

38,467



38,467

Lease revenue from joint ventures
3,024




3,024

Other income
14

874

1,792

1,038

3,718

Direct property operating expenses

(28,211
)
(5,322
)

(33,533
)
Depreciation and amortization expense

(14,349
)

(91
)
(14,440
)
Finance cost from operations
(28,793
)
(5,836
)
(4,066
)
(2,938
)
(41,633
)
Real estate tax expense
(13,637
)

(2,207
)

(15,844
)
General and administrative expenses
(423
)
(2,840
)
(535
)
(14,294
)
(18,092
)
Transaction costs for business combination



(5,898
)
(5,898
)
Diligence costs for transactions not pursued



(633
)
(633
)
Allowance for credit losses on loans and interest receivable
(55
)


(948
)
(1,003
)
Changes in non-controlling interest liability
(378
)
(126
)


(504
)
Change in fair value of investment properties - IFRIC 21
(29
)



(29
)
Change in fair value of investment properties
(1,179
)

(4,867
)

(6,046
)
Change in fair value of financial instruments
(1,040
)
(840
)
(127
)
(7,372
)
(9,379
)
Loss from joint ventures
(6,799
)



(6,799
)
Income tax recovery



67

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
40,649

$
(12,861
)
$
(2,078
)
$
(31,069
)
$
(5,359
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenditures for non-current assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition of properties
$
89,421

$
347,870

$

$

$
437,291

Capital additions
7,546

1,275

1,576


10,397

 
 
 
 
 
 


60

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


 
Year ended December 31, 2018
 
Seniors housing and care investment properties

Medical office buildings

Corporate/other

Total

 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenue
$
100,166

$
9,222

$

109,388

Lease revenue from joint ventures
2,991



2,991

Other income
37

1,297

214

1,548

Direct property operating expenses

(3,126
)

(3,126
)
Finance cost from operations
(34,442
)
(2,770
)
(1,052
)
(38,264
)
Real estate tax expense
(10,864
)
(932
)

(11,796
)
General and administrative expenses
(547
)
(342
)
(12,523
)
(13,412
)
Transaction costs for business combination


(6,444
)
(6,444
)
Diligence costs for transactions not pursued


(2,041
)
(2,041
)
Allowance for credit losses on loans and interest receivable


(11,336
)
(11,336
)
Changes in non-controlling interest liability
(17,927
)


(17,927
)
Change in fair value of investment properties - IFRIC 21
(2,409
)
(392
)

(2,801
)
Change in fair value of investment properties
(14,917
)
532


(14,385
)
Change in fair value of financial instruments
(1,823
)
(126
)
(376
)
(2,325
)
Change in value of contingent consideration
(10,676
)


(10,676
)
Income from joint ventures
5,450



5,450

Income tax recovery


2,881

2,881

 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
15,039

$
3,363

$
(30,677
)
$
(12,275
)
 
 
 
 
 
Expenditures for non-current assets:
 
 
 
 
Acquisition of properties
$
317,231

$
145,049

$

$
462,280

Capital additions
13,598



13,598

 
 
 
 
 





















61

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


The following tables show assets and liabilities by reportable segment as at December 31, 2019 and 2018:
 
As at December 31, 2019
 
Seniors housing and care investment properties

Owner occupied properties

Medical office buildings

Corporate/other

Total

Investment properties
$
828,150

$

$
141,484

$

$
969,634

Property, plant and equipment, net

456,936


3,006

459,942

Investment in joint ventures
99,321




99,321

Loans receivable
8,247



40,655

48,902

Other assets
19,653

24,381

1,726

7,179

52,939

Total assets
$
955,371

$
481,317

$
143,210

$
50,840

$
1,630,738

 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages payable
$
151,279

$
124,188

$

$

$
275,467

Credit facilities
386,778

174,230

85,951


646,959

Convertible debentures



91,049

91,049

Commonwealth preferred unit liability

63,654



63,654

Non-controlling interest liability
3,376

123



3,499

Other liabilities
25,875

12,839

2,465

28,787

69,966

Total liabilities
$
567,308

$
375,034

$
88,416

$
119,836

$
1,150,594

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at December 31, 2018
 
Seniors housing and care investment properties

Medical office buildings

Corporate/other

Total

Investment properties
$
975,914

$
139,616

$

$
1,115,530

Investment in joint ventures
84,658



84,658

Loans receivable


32,422

32,422

Other assets
22,637

1,790

26,922

51,349

Total assets
$
1,083,209

$
141,406

$
59,344

$
1,283,959

 
 
 
 
 
Liability to previous owner of Care
$
9,676

$

$

$
9,676

Mortgages payable
303,330



303,330

Credit facilities
255,561

82,579


338,140

Convertible debentures


89,745

89,745

Non-controlling interest liability
2,947



2,947

Other liabilities
26,465

1,458

18,730

46,653

Total liabilities
$
597,979

$
84,037

$
108,475

$
790,491

 
 
 
 
 

In measuring performance, the Company does not distinguish or group its properties on a geographical basis. Management has applied judgment by aggregating its properties into three reportable segments for disclosure purposes. The Company's Chief Executive Officer is the chief decision maker and regularly reviews performance on an individual property basis and on the basis of the Company's reportable operating segments.


62

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018


At December 31, 2019, $1,371,173 of the Company's non-current assets, excluding financial instruments, are located in the United States (2018 - $1,051,527) and $162,283 are located in Canada (2018 - $150,168). During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company generated $133,104 (2018 - $103,080), of its revenues, excluding other income, from properties located in the United States and $11,585 (2018 - $9,299) of its revenues from properties located in Canada.


63
EXHIBIT 99.2












Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in U.S. dollars)

INVESQUE INC.
            
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
 
            





INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT
The Board of Directors
Invesque Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Invesque Inc. and its subsidiaries, which comprise the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2018, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Management’s Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Auditors’ Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors’ judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Invesque Inc. and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2018 and their consolidated financial performance and their consolidated cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
Summarized Comparative Information
We have previously audited, in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, the financial statements of Invesque Inc. as at and for the year ended December 31, 2017 and we expressed an unmodified audit opinion on those audited financial statements in our report dated March 29, 2018. In our opinion, the summarized comparative information presented herein as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 is consistent, in all material respects, with the audited financial statements from which it has been derived.
/s/ KPMG LLP

Chartered Professional Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants

Toronto, Ontario  
March 13, 2019



INVESQUE INC.
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)


 
 
December 31, 2018

 
December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
Cash
$
26,978

 
$
12,958

 
Tenant and other receivables
15,544

 
7,564

 
Loans receivable (note 3)
12,241

 
11,446

 
Other (note 4)
5,598

 
1,182

 
 
60,361

 
33,150

 
 
 
 
 
Non-current assets:
 
 
 
 
Loans receivable (note 3)
20,181

 
24,985

 
Derivative instruments (note 9)
1,722

 
2,827

 
Investment in joint ventures (note 6)
84,658

 
980

 
Investment properties (note 5)
1,115,530

 
721,991

 
Investment in MS-SW Development Fund Holdings, LLC

 
1,072

 
Other non-current assets (note 4)
1,507

 

 
 
1,223,598

 
751,855

 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
1,283,959

 
$
785,005

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$
9,871

 
$
5,400

 
Accrued real estate taxes
11,052

 
8,056

 
Construction payable

 
1,097

 
Dividends payable
3,253

 
1,987

 
Liability to previous owner of Care (note 5)
9,676

 

 
Credit facilities (note 7)
12,647

 
5,958

 
Mortgages payable (note 8)
49,444

 
52,351

 
Other current liabilities (note 11)
2,030

 
814

 
 
97,973

 
75,663

 
 
 
 
 
Non-current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Credit facilities (note 7)
325,493

 
210,974

 
Mortgages payable (note 8)
253,886

 
117,158

 
Convertible debentures (note 10)
89,745

 
41,936

 
Derivative instruments (note 9)
651

 
99

 
Deferred tax liability (note 21)
7,011

 
10,291

 
Other non-current liabilities (note 11)
12,785

 
9,500

 
Non-controlling interest liability
2,947

 

 
 
692,518

 
389,958

 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
790,491

 
465,621

 
 
 
 
 
Shareholders' equity:
 
 
 
 
Common share capital (note 13)
493,165

 
310,459

 
Preferred Share capital (note 13)
71,106

 
26,353

 
Contributed surplus
400

 
400

 
Equity component of convertible debentures
1,671

 
1,130

 
Cumulative deficit
(69,785
)
 
(20,145
)
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income
(3,089
)
 
1,187

 
 
 
 
 
Total shareholders' equity
493,468

 
319,384

 
 
 
 
 
Commitments and contingencies (note 22)
 
 
 
Subsequent events (note 22 and 28)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$
1,283,959

 
$
785,005

 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

1

INVESQUE INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)




 
 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
Year ended December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
 
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
Rental (note 15)
$
109,388

 
$
60,188

 
Lease revenue from joint ventures (note 6)
2,991

 
2,887

 
Other income
1,548

 
929

 
 
113,927

 
64,004

 
 
 
 
 
Expenses (income):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finance costs from operations (note 16)
38,264

 
16,055

 
Real estate tax expense
11,796

 
8,763

 
General and administrative expenses (note 17)
13,412

 
8,074

 
Direct property operating expenses (note 18)
3,126

 

 
Transaction costs for business combination (note 5)
6,444

 
2,073

 
Diligence costs for transactions not pursued
2,041

 
491

 
Allowance for credit losses on loans and interest receivable (note 3)
11,336

 

 
Change in non-controlling interest liability
17,927

 

 
Change in fair value of investment properties - IFRIC 21
2,801

 
309

 
Change in fair value of investment properties (note 5)
14,385

 
8,846

 
Change in fair value of financial instruments (notes 9 and 24)
2,325

 
(2,292
)
 
Change in fair value of contingent consideration (note 22)
10,676

 

 
 
134,533

 
42,319

 
 
 
 
 
Income from joint ventures (note 6)
5,450

 

 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before income taxes
(15,156
)
 
21,685

 
 
 
 
 
Income tax expense (recovery):
 
 
 
 
Deferred (note 21)
(2,881
)
 
5,371

 
Current (note 21)

 
51

 
 
(2,881
)
 
5,422

 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
(12,275
)
 
$
16,263

 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
Items to be reclassified to net income (loss) in subsequent periods
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on translation of foreign operations
(4,276
)
 
1,258

 
 
 
 
 
Total comprehensive income (loss)
$
(16,551
)
 
$
17,521

 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) per share (note 14):
 
 
 
 
Basic and diluted
$
(0.24
)
 
$
0.50

 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

2

INVESQUE INC.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017




 
Common Share capital

Preferred Share capital

Contributed surplus

Equity component of convertible debentures

Cumulative deficit

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, January 1, 2018 as previously reported
$
310,459

$
26,353

$
400

$
1,130

$
(20,145
)
$
1,187

$
319,384

Impact of adopting IFRS 9 (note 2)




(364
)

(364
)
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2018
$
310,459

$
26,353

$
400

$
1,130

$
(20,509
)
$
1,187

$
319,020

Net loss




(12,275
)

(12,275
)
Other comprehensive loss





(4,276
)
(4,276
)
Common Shares issued, net of issuance costs (note 13)
182,332






182,332

Preferred Shares issued, net of issuance costs (note 13)

44,753





44,753

Common Shares issued under the Company's dividend reinvestment plan
782






782

Convertible debentures, net of tax



541



541

Dividends declared on common shares




(37,001
)

(37,001
)
Common Shares purchased under NCIB (note 13)
(408
)





(408
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
$
493,165

$
71,106

$
400

$
1,671

$
(69,785
)
$
(3,089
)
$
493,468


 
Common Share capital

Preferred Share capital

Contributed surplus

Equity component of convertible debentures

Cumulative deficit

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, January 1, 2017
$
308,551

$

$
244

$
1,130

$
(12,617
)
$
(71
)
$
297,237

Net income




16,263


16,263

Other comprehensive income





1,258

1,258

Common Shares issued, net of issuance costs
1,540






1,540

Preferred Shares issued, net of issuance costs (note 13)

26,353





26,353

Common Shares issued under the Company's dividend reinvestment plan
368






368

Dividends declared on common shares




(23,791
)

(23,791
)
Proceeds from income support agreement


156




156

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2017
$
310,459

$
26,353

$
400

$
1,130

$
(20,145
)
$
1,187

$
319,384


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3

INVESQUE INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017



 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
Year ended December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
 
$
(12,275
)
 
$
16,263

 
Items not involving cash:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value adjustment of investment properties
 
14,385

 
8,846

 
 
Fair value adjustment of financial instruments
 
2,325

 
(2,292
)
 
 
Fair value adjustment of contingent consideration
 
10,676

 

 
 
Allowance for credit losses on loans and interest receivable
 
11,336

 

 
 
Straight-line rent
 
(10,831
)
 
(5,982
)
 
 
Finance costs from operations
 
38,264

 
16,055

 
 
Change in non-controlling interest liability
 
17,927

 

 
 
Income from joint ventures
 
(5,450
)
 

 
 
Change in fair value of investment in MS-SW Development Fund Holdings, LLC
 
(214
)
 
(178
)
 
 
Deferred income tax
 
(2,881
)
 
5,371

 
Interest paid
 
(34,313
)
 
(16,538
)
 
Interest income received
 
1,554

 
4,062

 
Change in non-cash operating working capital:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tenant and other receivables
 
(6,256
)
 
(524
)
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 
(2,491
)
 
1,681

 
 
Unearned revenue
 
(551
)
 
814

 
 
Other assets
 
(2,690
)
 
2,617

 
 
Other liabilities
 
3,030

 
9,414

 
 
Accrued real estate taxes
 
3,427

 
1,205

 
Net cash provided by operating activities

$
24,972

 
$
40,814

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from credit facilities
 
$
437,459

 
$
34,741

 
Payments on credit facilities
 
(313,300
)
 
(41,847
)
 
Debt issuance costs paid
 
(7,516
)
 
(3,951
)
 
Proceeds from mortgages payable
 
25,186

 
90,204

 
Payments of mortgages payable
 
(68,972
)
 
(42,201
)
 
Dividends paid to common shareholders
 
(34,952
)
 
(23,414
)
 
Payment for repurchase of common shares
 
(408
)
 

 
Proceeds from issuance of Preferred Share capital, net of issuance costs (note 13)
 
44,753

 
26,500

 
Proceeds from issuance of 2018 Convertible Debentures (note 10)
 
50,000

 

 
Cash provided by financing activities

$
132,250

 
$
40,032

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Additions to investment properties
 
$
(186,632
)
 
$
(77,359
)
 
Dispositions of investment properties
 
49,671

 
22,678

 
Distributions from joint ventures
 
8,164

 

 
Contributions to joint ventures
 
(1,655
)
 

 
Distributions to non-controlling interest partners
 
(128
)
 

 
Proceeds from return of equity investment in MS-SW Development Fund Holdings, LLC
 
848

 

 
Proceeds from income support agreement
 
327

 
156

 
Construction costs
 
(4,600
)
 
(9,214
)
 
Prepaid acquisition costs
 

 
(504
)
 
Issuance of loans receivable
 
(29,288
)
 
(20,925
)
 
Repayment of loans receivable
 
20,091

 
9,629

 
Cash used in investing activities

$
(143,202
)
 
$
(75,539
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase in cash and cash equivalents

14,020

 
5,307

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
 
12,958

 
7,651

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

$
26,978

 
$
12,958

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


Invesque Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated on May 31, 2007 under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario). Effective April 4, 2016, the Company changed its name from "Kingsway Arms Retirement Residences Inc." to "Mainstreet Health Investments Inc." and continued under the laws of the Province of British Columbia. Effective January 3, 2018, the Company changed its name from "Mainstreet Health Investments Inc." to "Invesque Inc." and continued under the laws of the Province of British Columbia. The Company's registered office is 2500 - 700 W Georgia Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V7Y 1B3.
The Company is a North American health care real estate company with a growing portfolio of high quality properties located in the United States and Canada. The Company partners with industry leaders to invest across the health care spectrum. Specifically, the Company will look to acquire and invest in predominately transitional care, long-term care, memory care, assisted living, independent living and medical office properties. At December 31, 2018, the Company owns interests in a portfolio of 98 health care and senior living properties.

1.
Basis of preparation:
(a)    Statement of compliance:
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"), as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board ("IASB").

These consolidated financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors of the Company and authorized for issuance on March 13, 2019.

(b)    Basis of measurement:

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for investment properties, derivative financial instruments, investment in MS-SW Development Fund Holdings, LLC and deferred shares, which are measured at fair value through profit and loss ("FVTPL").

(c)    Principles of consolidation:
(i)Transactions eliminated on consolidation:
The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2018, including Invesque International Holdings Inc., Invesque US Holdings Inc., Invesque Holdings, LP and project specific limited partnerships. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated on consolidation.

(ii)Joint arrangements:

A joint venture is a joint arrangement, whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the arrangement.

A joint operation is a joint arrangement, whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement.

These consolidated financial statements include the Company's proportionate share of each of the assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses of joint operations on a line-by-line basis. Joint ventures are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements as investments using the equity method, whereby the investment is initially recognized at cost and adjusted thereafter for the post-acquisition change in the net assets. The Company's share of joint venture profit or loss is included in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.




5

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


(d)    Functional and presentation currency:

The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is the functional and presentational currency of the Company.

Assets and liabilities of operations having a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are translated at the rate of exchange at the consolidated statement of financial position dates. Revenue and expenses are translated at average rates for the year, unless exchange rates fluctuated significantly during the year, in which case the exchange rates at the dates of the transaction are used. Gains or losses on translating a foreign operation are included in other comprehensive income ("OCI") as a component of equity.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transactions. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the prevailing rate of exchange at the consolidated statement of financial position dates. Gains and losses on translation of monetary items are recognized in the consolidated statements of income in general and administrative expenses.

(e)    Use of estimation and uncertainty:

The preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. Assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the year ending December 31, 2018 are as follows:

(i)Investment properties:

The estimates used when determining the fair value of investment properties are capitalization rates, stabilized future cash flows, terminal capitalization rates and discount rates. The capitalization rate applied is reflective of the characteristics, location and market of each investment property. The stabilized future cash flows of each investment property are based upon rental income from current leases and assumptions about market rent from future leases reflecting current conditions, less future cash outflows relating to such current and future leases. Management determines fair value internally utilizing internal financial information, external market data and capitalization rates provided by independent industry experts.

(ii)Accounting for convertible debentures:

Management estimates the allocation of the debt and equity components of convertible debentures. The liability allocation is based upon the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an equity conversion option and the residual is allocated to the equity component.

(iii)Loans receivable:

The determination of an allowance for credit losses takes into account different factors and varies by nature of investment. These judgments include changes in circumstances that may cause future assessments of credit risk to be materially different from current assessments, which would require an increase or decrease in the allowance of credit risk.

(iv)Other:

Estimates are also made in the determination of the fair value of financial instruments and include assumptions and estimates regarding future interest rates, the relative creditworthiness of the Company to its counterparties, the credit risk of the Company's counterparties relative to the Company, the estimated future cash flows and discount rates.


6

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


(f)    Critical judgments:

Judgments made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements are as follows:

(i)Accounting for leases:

The Company uses judgment regarding the present value of lease payments, the fair value of assets and the determination of the lease term in assessing the classification of its leases as operating leases, in particular with long-term leases in single operator properties. The Company has determined that all of its leases are operating leases.

(ii)Accounting for acquisitions:

Management must assess whether an acquisition should be accounted for as an asset purchase or business combination. This assessment impacts the accounting treatment of transaction costs, the allocation of the costs associated with the acquisition and whether or not goodwill should be recognized. With the exception of the acquisition of Care Investment Trust, LLC, the Company's acquisitions have generally been determined to be asset purchases as the Company does not acquire an integrated set of processes as part of the acquisition transaction.

2.
Significant accounting policies:
(a)Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents consists of cash on hand and highly liquid marketable investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less at their date of purchase and are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. As at December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no cash equivalents.

(b)Investment properties:
    
Investment properties are held to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business. All of the Company's income properties are investment properties. On acquisition, investment properties are initially recorded at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, the Company uses the fair value model to account for investment properties under International Accounting Standard ("IAS") 40, Investment Property. Under the fair value model, investment properties are recorded at fair value, which is determined based on available market evidence, at the statement of financial position date. Related fair value gains and losses are recorded in income and comprehensive income for the period in the period in which they arise.

Subsequent capital expenditures are added to the carrying value of the investment properties only when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the property and the cost can be measured reliably.

Properties under development include those properties, or components thereof, that will undergo activities that will take a substantial period of time to prepare the properties for their intended use as income properties. Borrowing costs related to development properties are capitalized to the costs of the projects. Properties under development are also adjusted to fair value at each consolidated balance sheet date with fair value adjustments recognized in income.

Investment property is classified as held for sale when the property is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for the sale of investment properties, its sale is highly probable and expected to be completed with one year. Investment property is derecognized when it has been disposed of or permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from its disposal.





7

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


(c)Fair value measurement:
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
(i)
in the principal market for the asset or liability; or
(ii)
in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability assuming that market participants act in their economic best interests.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the consolidated financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
Level 1 - quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3 - valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is not observable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the consolidated financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
    
(d)Financial instruments - Policy applicable from January 1, 2018:

Financial instruments are generally measured at fair value on initial recognition. The classification and measurement of financial assets consists of the following categories: (i) measured at amortized cost, (ii) fair value through profit and loss ("FVTPL"), or (iii) fair value through other comprehensive income (''FVTOCI''). Financial assets classified at amortized cost are measured using the effective interest method. Financial assets classified as FVTPL are measured at fair value with gains and losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income. Financial assets classified as FVTOCI are measured at fair value with gains or losses recognized through other comprehensive income, except for gains and losses pertaining to impairment or foreign exchange recognized through profit or loss.

The classification and measurement of financial liabilities consists of the following categories: (i) measured at amortized cost and (ii) FVTPL. Financial liabilities classified at amortized cost are measured using the effective interest method. Financial liabilities classified as FVTPL are measured at fair value with changes in fair value attributable to changes in the credit risk of the liability presented in other comprehensive income, and the remaining amount of change in fair value presented in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income





8

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


The following summarizes the Company's classification of financial instruments:

Financial assets and liabilities
Measurement
 
 
Cash
Amortized cost
Restricted cash
Amortized cost
Tenant and other receivables
Amortized cost
Security deposits and costs related to future acquisitions
Amortized cost
Income support receivable
Amortized cost
Escrow deposits held by lender
Amortized cost
Loans receivable
Amortized cost/FVTPL
Derivative instruments
FVTPL
Investment in MS-SW Development Fund Holdings, LLC
FVTPL
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Amortized cost
Accrued real estate taxes
Amortized cost
Construction payable
Amortized cost
Dividends payable
Amortized cost
Liability to previous owner of Care
Amortized cost
Security deposits received from tenants
Amortized cost
Escrows collected from tenants
Amortized cost
Contingent consideration liabilities
FVTPL
Mortgages payable
Amortized cost
Credit facilities
Amortized cost
Convertible debentures
Amortized cost

The Company derecognizes a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. The Company derecognizes a financial liability when, and only when, the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or they expire. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized through profit or loss.

The Company adopted the practical expedient to determine expected credit losses ("ECL") on tenant and other receivables using a provision matrix based on historical credit loss experiences adjusted for current and forecasted future economic conditions to estimate lifetime ECL. Impairment losses are recorded in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income with the carrying amount of the financial asset or group of financial assets reduced through the use of impairment allowance accounts.

Transaction costs other than those related to financial instruments classified as FVTPL, which are expensed as incurred, are capitalized to the carrying amount of the instrument and amortized using the effective interest method. These costs include discounts or premiums relating to assumed debt, fees and commissions paid to agents, brokers, advisers, lenders and insurers, transfer taxes and duties.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset or liability and of allocating interest income or expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial asset or liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the consolidated statements of financial position when, and only when, the Company has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle them on

9

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

(i)
Convertible debentures:

The convertible debentures are compound financial instruments as they contain both a liability and an equity component.

At the date of issuance, the liability component of convertible debentures is recognized at its estimated fair value of a similar liability that does not have an equity conversion option and the residual is allocated to the equity component. Any directly attributable transaction costs are allocated to the liability and equity components in proportion to their initial carrying amounts. Subsequent to initial recognition, the liability component of the convertible debenture is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. The equity component is not remeasured subsequent to initial recognition and will be transferred to share capital when the conversion option is exercised, or, if unexercised, at maturity. Interest, losses and gains relating to the financial liability are recognized in income and comprehensive income.

(ii)
Impairment of financial assets:

The Company recognizes loss allowances for expected credit loss ("ECL") on financial assets measured at amortized cost, unfunded loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts. The Company applies a three-stage approach to measure allowance for credit losses. The Company measures loss allowance at an amount equal to 12 months of expected losses for performing loans if the credit risk at the reporting date has not increased significantly since initial recognition (Stage 1) and at an amount equal to lifetime expected losses on performing loans that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk since origination (Stage 2) and at an amount equal to lifetime expected losses which are credit impaired (Stage 3).

Allowance on Performing Loans

The Company maintains an allowance in order to address impairment in the existing portfolio for loans that have not yet been individually identified as impaired. An allowance is recorded for expected credit losses on financial assets regardless of whether there has been an actual loss event. The Company recognizes a loss allowance at an amount equal to 12 month expected credit losses, if the credit risk at the reporting date has not increased significantly since initial recognition (Stage 1). The Company will record expected credit losses over the remaining life of performing financial assets which are considered to have experienced a significant increase in credit risk (Stage 2).

The determination of a significant increase in credit risk takes into account different factors and varies by nature of investment. The Company assumes that the credit risk on a financial asset has increased significantly if it is more than 30 days past due or certain criteria are met which are specific to the individual borrower based on judgment.

When determining the expected credit loss provision, the Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. Management considers past events, current market conditions and reasonable forward-looking supportable information about future economic conditions. In assessing information about possible future economic conditions, management utilized multiple economic scenarios including a base case, which represents the most probable outcome and is consistent with management's view of the financial asset. In considering the lifetime of a loan, the contractual period of the loan, including prepayment, extension and other options is generally used.

The calculation of expected credit losses includes the explicit incorporation of forecasts of future economic conditions. In determining expected credit losses, management has considered key macroeconomic variables that are relevant to each investment type. The estimation of future cash flows also includes assumptions about local real estate market conditions, availability and terms of financing, underlying value of the security and various other factors. These assumptions are limited by the availability of reliable comparable market data, economic uncertainty and the uncertainty of future events. Accordingly, by their nature, estimates of

10

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


impairment are subjective and may not necessarily be comparable to the actual outcome. Should the underlying assumptions change, the estimated future cash flows could vary. We exercise judgment to incorporate multiple economic forecasts in the determination of the final expected credit loss. The allowance is sensitive to changes in both economic forecast and the probability-weight assigned to each forecast scenario.

Allowance on Impaired Loans

The Company considers a financial asset to be credit impaired when the borrower is more than 90 days past due and when there is objective evidence that there has been a deterioration of credit quality to the extent the Company no longer has reasonable assurance as to the timely collection of the full amount of principal and interest or when the Company has commenced enforcement remedies available to it under its contractual agreements. Allowances for impaired loans (Stage 3) are recorded for individually identified impaired loans to reduce their carrying value to the expected recoverable amount. The Company reviews loans receivable on an ongoing basis to assess whether any loans should be classified as impaired and whether an allowance or write-off should be recorded. To determine the amount the Company expects to recover from an individually significant impaired loan, the Company uses the value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the loans' original effective interest rate. The determination of estimated future cash flows of a collateralized impaired loan reflects the expected realization of the underlying security, net of expected costs and any amounts legally required to be paid to the borrower.

(iii)
Derivative instruments:

The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk exposures. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract and the embedded derivative are not closely related. If a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a derivative, the combined instrument is not measured at fair value through profit or loss.

Derivative financial instruments, including embedded derivatives that must be separately accounted for, are initially valued at fair value; attributable transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized immediately in income and comprehensive income.

(e)Financial instruments - Policy applicable before January 1, 2018:

The classification and measurement of the Company's financial instruments prior to January 1, 2018 is outlined in note 2(k). The previous policy for impairment of financial instruments differed from the current policy as set out below.

Impairment of non-derivative financial assets:

Financial assets not classified as FVTPL are assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is objective evidence of impairment. A financial asset is impaired if objective evidence indicates that a loss event has occurred after the initial recognition of an asset and that the loss event has had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset which can be estimated reliably.

An impairment loss with respect to investments measured at amortized cost is calculated as the difference between its carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the asset's original effective interest rate. Losses are recognized in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and are reflected in an allowance account against the investments. Interest on the impaired assets continues to be recognized through the unwinding of the discount if it is considered collectible. When a subsequent event causes the amount of impairment loss to decrease, the decrease in impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss.



11

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


(f)Non-controlling interest liability

The Company records third-party interests in the net assets of consolidated entities which do not qualify to be classified as equity as non-controlling interest liabilities. Such interests are initially recognized at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortized cost, with any changes recorded as change in non-controlling interest liability in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

(g)Revenue recognition:

(i)
Lease revenue from third party operators:

The Company accounts for its leases with operators as operating leases given that it has retained substantially all of the risks and benefits of ownership of investment properties.

The Company also earns revenue from tenants from various sources consisting of rent earned under lease agreements, property tax and operating cost recoveries and other incidental income. Revenue from lease components is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and includes the recovery of property taxes and insurance. Revenue recognition commences when a tenant has the right to use the premises and is recognized pursuant to the terms of the lease agreement.

Revenue related to the services component of the Company’s leases is accounted for in accordance with IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. These services consist primarily of utilities, cleaning and property maintenance costs for which the revenue is recognized over time, typically as the costs are incurred, which is when the services are provided.

(ii)
Lease revenue from joint ventures:

The Company earns revenue under lease arrangements with operating entities which are jointly owned with Autumnwood Lifestyles Inc. ("Autumnwood") (note 6). The leases are accounted for as operating leases and lease revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the underlying leases.

(h)Employee benefits:

(i)
Short-term benefits:

Short-term employee benefit obligations, including vacation and bonus payments, are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. Liabilities are recognized for the amounts expected to be paid within 12 months as the Company has an obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the obligation can be estimated reliably. Short-term employee benefits are recorded in accounts payable and other liabilities.

(ii)
Share-based payment plans:

The Company maintains a Deferred Share Incentive Plan (note19) for its employees and directors. This plan is considered cash-settled and fair value changes in the amount payable are recognized through profit or loss with a corresponding change in liabilities. The awards are fair-valued on the basis of the share price at each reporting period and at the settlement date and the change in fair value on the amortized share-based compensation expense is recognized as compensation expense.

(i)Levies:

In accordance with IFRS Interpretations Committee ("IFRIC") 21, Levies ("IFRIC 21"), for its properties located in the United States, the Company recognizes the full amount of annual property tax liabilities at the point in time when the realty tax obligation is imposed. For properties located in Canada, property tax liabilities are recognized on a monthly basis.

12

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017



(j)Income taxes:

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or other comprehensive income.

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustments to tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. It is measured using rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Current tax also includes any tax arising from dividends.

Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for:

(i)
Temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss;

(ii)
Temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries and associates to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and

(iii)
Taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which they can be used. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amounts of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if certain criteria are met.

Judgement is required to assess the interpretation of tax legislation when recognizing and measuring current and deferred tax assets and liabilities. The impact of different interpretations and applications could potentially be material. The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is probable that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, on the basis of the technical merits.

A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilized. Management's estimate of future taxable profits and the recognition of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and deferred tax assets are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

(k)IFRS amendments adopted in 2018:

(i)
Amendments to IFRS 2 Share-based payment (“IFRS 2”)

The Company adopted amendments to IFRS 2, beginning on January 1, 2018, the mandatory effective date. There was no material impact from the adoption of the amendments to IFRS 2.






13

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


(ii)    IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”)

The Company adopted IFRS 9 which replaces IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (“IAS 39”), beginning on January 1, 2018, the mandatory effective date. The adoption of IFRS 9 was applied retrospectively, without restatement of the comparative period, with the $364 impact recognized as an adjustment to opening retained earnings as at January 1, 2018.

IFRS 9 contains a new classification and measurement approach which requires financial assets to be classified and measured based on the business model in which they are managed and the characteristics of their contractual cash flows. IFRS 9 contains three principal classification categories for financial assets: measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income and fair value through profit or loss, and eliminates the existing IAS 39 categories of held to maturity, loans and receivables and available for sale.
A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at fair value through profit or loss:
(a)It is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

(b)Its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost as described above are measured at fair value.
IFRS 9 largely retains the existing requirements in IAS 39 for the classification of financial liabilities. However, under IAS 39 all fair value changes of liabilities designated as fair value through profit or loss are recognized in profit or loss, whereas under IFRS 9 the amount of change in fair value attributable to changes in the credit risk of the liability is presented in other comprehensive income, and the remaining amount of change in fair value is presented in profit or loss.

















14

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017



The following table summarizes the classification impacts upon adoption of IFRS 9.
Asset/Liability
Classification under IAS 39
Classification under IFRS 9
Cash
FVTPL
Amortized cost
Restricted cash
Loans and receivables
Amortized cost
Tenant and other receivables
Loans and receivables
Amortized cost
Security deposits and costs related to future acquisitions
Loans and receivables
Amortized cost
Income support receivable
Loans and receivables
Amortized cost
Escrow deposits held by lender
Loans and receivables
Amortized cost
Loans receivable
Loans and receivables
Amortized cost/FVTPL
Derivative instruments
FVTPL
FVTPL
Investment in MS-SW Development Fund Holdings, LLC
FVTPL
FVTPL
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Other liabilities at amortized cost
Amortized cost
Accrued real estate taxes
Other liabilities at amortized cost
Amortized cost
Construction payable
Other liabilities at amortized cost
Amortized cost
Dividends payable
Other liabilities at amortized cost
Amortized cost
Liability to previous owner of Care
Other liabilities at amortized cost
Amortized cost
Security deposits received from tenants
Other liabilities at amortized cost
Amortized cost
Escrows collected from tenants
Other liabilities at amortized cost
Amortized cost
Contingent consideration liabilities
FVTPL
FVTPL
Mortgages payable
Other liabilities at amortized cost
Amortized cost
Credit facilities
Other liabilities at amortized cost
Amortized cost
Convertible debentures
Other liabilities at amortized cost
Amortized cost

For impairment of financial assets, IFRS 9 replaces the 'incurred loss' model in IAS 39 with a forward-looking 'expected credit loss' ("ECL") model. The new impairment model applies to financial assets except for investments in equity instruments, and to contract assets, lease receivables, loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts.

The Company adopted the practical expedient to determine ECL on trade and other receivables using a provision matrix based on historical credit loss experiences adjusted for current and forecasted future economic conditions to estimate lifetime ECL.

(iii) Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“IFRS 15”)

IFRS 15 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, replacing all existing guidance in IFRS related to revenue, including (but not limited to) IAS 11 Construction Contracts, IAS 18 Revenue, IFRIC 15 Agreements for the Construction of Real Estate.

IFRS 15 contains a single, control-based model that applies to contracts with customers and provides two approaches to recognizing revenue: at a point in time or over time. The model features a contract-based five-

15

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


step analysis of transactions to determine whether, how much and when revenue is recognized. IFRS 15 also includes additional disclosure requirements for revenue accounted for under the standard.

The Company adopted IFRS 15 beginning on January 1, 2018, using the cumulative effect method, which means that the Company did not apply the requirements of IFRS 15 to the comparative period presented. The effect of initially applying this standard would have been recognized at January 1, 2018, however, the adoption of IFRS 15 did not have an impact on the timing of recognition or measurement of revenue.

(l)IFRS standards and amendments issued but not yet effective:

(i)
On January 13, 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16, Leases ("IFRS 16"). IFRS 16 will replace IAS 17, Leases ("IAS 17"). The new standard introduces a single lessee accounting model and requires a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than 12 months, unless the underlying asset is of low value. A lessee is required to recognize a right-of-use asset, representing its right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability, representing its obligation to make lease payments. This standard substantially carries forward the lessor accounting requirements of IAS 17, while requiring enhanced disclosures to be provided by lessors. Other areas of the lease accounting model have been impacted, including the definition of a lease. Transitional provisions have been provided. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. Earlier application is permitted for entities that apply IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, at or before the date of initial adoption of IFRS 16. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

(ii)
On June 7, 2017, the IASB issued IFRIC Interpretation 23, Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments ("IFRIC 23"), which provides guidance on the accounting for current and deferred tax liabilities and assets in circumstances in which there is uncertainty over income tax treatments. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. Earlier application is permitted. IFRIC 23 requires (i) an entity to contemplate whether uncertain tax treatments should be considered separately, or together as a group, based on which approach provides better predictions of the resolution; (ii) an entity to determine if it is probable that the tax authorities will accept the uncertain tax treatment; and (iii) if it is not probable that the uncertain tax treatment will be accepted, measure the tax uncertainty based on the most likely amount of expected value, depending on whichever method better predicts the resolution of the uncertainty. The Company intends to adopt these amendments in its consolidated financial statements for the year beginning on January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.






16

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


3.
Loans receivable:

Loans receivable issued as at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are detailed in the table below:
Debtor
Loan Type
December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

Issued Date
Maturity
Date (1)
Current Interest Rate

PIK Interest Rate

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MS-SW Mezzanine Fund, LLC
Mezzanine loan
$
1,271

$
3,964

September 1, 2016
September 1, 2020
10.5
%
4.0
%
MS Webster Holdings, LLC
Mezzanine loan

2,640

September 2, 2016
September 2, 2020
10.5
%
3.0
%
MS Lincoln Holdings, LLC
Mezzanine loan

3,697

September 30, 2016
October 1, 2020
10.5
%
4.0
%
MS Surprise, LLC
Mezzanine loan
2,965

2,878

November 1, 2016
October 1, 2021
10.5
%
3.0
%
MS Parker Holdings II, LLC
Mezzanine loan
3,725

3,581

November 1, 2016
September 1, 2021
12.0
%
4.0
%
Mainstreet Investment Company, LLC
Interest-only loan
3,932

5,075

December 22, 2016
December 22, 2018
8.5
%
1.5
%
Autumnwood Lifestyles Inc.
Revolving credit facility
1,100

1,193

November 1, 2016
October 31, 2018 (3)
8.0
%
%
Autumnwood Lifestyles Inc.
Loan receivable
367

1,193

June 29, 2017
On Demand
8.0
%
%
Symcare ML, LLC
Loan receivable
7,206

7,032

October 20, 2017
June 30, 2019
2.5
%
2.5
%
MCA Memory Care America, LLC
Loan receivable
300

606

November 6, 2017
April 1, 2019
10.0
%
%
Mainstreet Development Fund III, LP
Loan receivable
652

652

November 28, 2017
On Demand
6.5
%
%
Autumnwood Lifestyles Inc.
Loan receivable

1,318

December 19, 2017
August 12, 2018
%
%
Mainstreet Property Group, LLC
Loan receivable

2,602

December 29, 2017
February 28, 2018
7.0
%
%
Mainstreet Development Fund II, LP
Loan receivable
397


January 31, 2018
On Demand
15.0
%
%
Mainstreet Development Fund II, LP
Loan receivable
507


February 23, 2018
On Demand
15.0
%
%
Park Terrace Operating, LLC, Seneca Lake Terrace Operating, LLC, Premier Senior Living, LLC
Loan receivable
700


August 16, 2013 (2)
August 16, 2025
8.7
%
%
Ellipsis Real Estate Partners
Loan receivable
4,043


May 4, 2018
May 4, 2028
%
14.5
%
Symcare ML, LLC
Loan receivable
7,557


December 26, 2018
January 1, 2033
%
10.0
%
PAIF-MS, LLC
Loan receivable
1,900


December 31, 2018
January 25, 2019
5.0
%
%
YAL Borrower LLC
Interest-only loan
2,000


December 31, 2018
December 30, 2020
5.0
%
%
YAL Borrower LLC
Loan receivable
2,000


December 31, 2018
December 30, 2020
5.0
%
%
Allowance for losses on loans receivable
(10,341
)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Carrying value of loans recorded at amortized cost
$
30,281

$
36,431

 
 
 
 
Javelina Ventures, LLC
Loan receivable - FVTPL
2,141


December 31, 2018
(4) 
%
5.0
%
Carrying value of loans receivable
32,422

36,431

 
 
 
 
Less current portion
12,241

11,446

 
 
 
 
Long-term portion
$
20,181

$
24,985

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Mezzanine loans are due at the time of sale of the property if sale occurs earlier than the stated maturity date. 
(2) Loan assumed during the acquisition of Care (defined below) on February 1, 2018. Loan was originally issued by Care PSL Holdings LLC on August 16, 2013. 
(3) Maturity date is the later of October 31, 2018 and the completion of the expansion projects at the Marina Point and Red Oak Facilities. The projects are not yet complete. 
(4) The repayment of this loan is pursuant to Javelina Ventures Operating Agreement in which net available cash from operations will be used to repay the principal and accrued interest on this loan. 

On March 26, 2018, a subsidiary of the Company entered into a loan agreement with the tenant operator of the Symphony Portfolio ("Symcare") for a principal amount of $3,659 with provisions for an additional $2,000 line of credit. The loan earns 5.00% annual interest, of which a portion is payable at a current pay rate on a monthly basis ("Current Interest"), with the

17

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


remaining portion of interest accruing until the earlier of the loan's maturity or prepayment ("PIK Interest"). The maturity date of the loan is June 30, 2019. On June 29, 2018, the loan was amended to extend the line of credit to $2,122. On July 31, 2018, the loan was amended to increase the total borrowing capacity to $6,401. On August 31, 2018, the loan was amended to increase the total borrowing capacity to $7,522. On December 28, 2018, the Company agreed to release $9,000 being held by a third party escrow agent on behalf of Symcare which were held to serve as a security deposit for Symcare's obligations under the lease agreement. These funds were used to repay in full the outstanding principal and accrued interest on this loan, as well as other amounts due.

On December 26, 2018, a subsidiary of the Company entered into a loan agreement with Symcare with a total capacity of $15,000 and a maturity date of January 1, 2033. As at December 31, 2018, Symcare had drawn $7,557 on this loan. The loan earns 10% interest accruing to the balance of the loan through December 1, 2019. Through and including December 1, 2022, half of the interest will accrue to the loan balance with the remaining portion payable at a current pay rate on a monthly basis. Commencing January 1, 2023 the full amount of monthly interest payments shall be paid each month.

On May 4, 2018, a subsidiary of the Company entered into a development agreement with Ellipsis Real Estate Partners LLC ("Ellipsis") and issued a loan of $1,600 to fund the development of seniors housing and medical office properties in the United States The loan earns 14.5% annual interest and the principal amount and all accrued interest is due the earlier of the maturity date, May 4, 2028, or the sale of certain development projects. On September 14, 2018, the Company funded an additional $2,400 to Ellipsis pursuant to the original agreement.

On December 31, 2018, a subsidiary of the Company issued two loans, each with a balance of $2,000, to the buyer of the Traditions Portfolio (note 5). These notes each earn 5% interest and are due December 30, 2020. One loan receives interest only monthly payments while the other loan receives monthly payments of interest and amortizing principal. The Company recorded a non-controlling interest liability of $2,000 to reflect the interest of the Company's partner in the Traditions Portfolio, as such partner has an assigned interest in one of the loans.

On December 31, 2018, a subsidiary of the Company issued a loan to Javelina Ventures, LLC for $2,141, earning 5% annual interest. Concurrently, the Company entered into an operating agreement in which it will share in 5% of the net available cash flows from operations. Pursuant to the operating agreement, the loan will be repaid with net available cash from operations following a waterfall schedule outlined in the agreement.

Loans receivable and associated allowance for losses on loans receivable as at December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 
Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Total

Loans receivable, net of loan fees
$
29,314

$
1,556

$
11,893

$
42,763

Allowance for losses on loans receivable
(293
)
(78
)
(9,970
)
(10,341
)
Loans receivable, net of allowances
$
29,021

$
1,478

$
1,923

$
32,422


















18

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


The changes in the allowance for credit losses during the year ended December 31, 2018 are shown in the following table:

 
Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Total

Balance at the beginning of period (1)
$
364

$

$

$
364

Allowance for credit losses
 
 
 

Remeasurement

62

9,841

9,903

Transfer to/(from)
 
 
 

Stage 1
(145
)
16

129


Stage 2




Stage 3




 
 
 
 
 
Total allowance for credit losses
$
219

$
78

$
9,970

$
10,267

 
 
 
 
 
Fundings
212



212

Repayments
(138
)


(138
)
Balance as at December 31, 2018
$
293

$
78

$
9,970

$
10,341

(1) Allowance recorded as an adjustment to opening retained earnings as at January 1, 2018 due to the impact of adopting IFRS 9 (note 2) 

During the year ended December 31, 2018, $1,556 and $11,893 of loans receivable were transferred from Stage 1 to Stage 2 and from Stage 1 to Stage 3, respectively due to an increase in credit risk. As at December 31, 2018, $11,893 of loans receivable are categorized as Stage 3. For the year ended December 31, 2018, a loss of $9,903 was recorded in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income due to the increased allowance on the Stage 2 and Stage 3 loans. An additional allowance of $1,359 was recorded in respect of the related interest amounts.

The Company recognized a loss of $1,779 for the year ended December 31, 2018 in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income related to the impairment associated with the mezzanine loan to MS Parker II Holdings, LLC. The development project associated with the loan has been terminated, and certain loan guarantees have been assessed to have decreased in value. The Company recorded an allowance to reduce the recoverable value of the loan to the value of the land held by the project, for which the Company has a first mortgage position.

The Company recognized a loss of $3,881 for the year ended December 31, 2018 in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income related to the impairment associated with the interest-only loan to Mainstreet Investment Company, LLC. This loan was due on December 22, 2018 and is in default as the borrower has not repaid principal or interest. The borrower has failed to meet reporting requirements outlined in the terms of the loan. The Company has moved the balance of this loan to Stage 3 and recorded a full allowance against this loan to reflect the increased credit risk.

The Company recognized a loss of $2,932 for the year ended December 31, 2018 in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income related to the impairment associated with the mezzanine loan on MS Surprise, LLC. The interest payments on this loan are more than 90 days past due and the loan is in default. The Company has assessed the underlying value of all collateral and guaranties available, and has determined it is not sufficient to recover the loan balance.

The Company recognized a loss of $1,249 for the year ended December 31, 2018 in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income related to the impairment associated with the mezzanine loan remaining on the MS-SW Mezzanine Fund, LLC. $2,801 of this loan was repaid on December 31, 2018 representing full outstanding principal and PIK interest related to the properties in Chandler, AZ and Tucson, AZ. The remaining $1,271 of this loan is secured by a property in Loveland, CO. The interest payments on this loan are more than 90 days past due and the loan is in default. The Company has assessed the underlying value of all collateral and guaranties available, and has determined it is not sufficient to recover the remaining loan balance.



19

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


4.
Other assets:
Other assets are as follows:

 
December 31, 2018

 
December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Prepaid expense
$
519

 
$
328

Prepaid management fees (note 5)
648

 

Security deposits and costs related to future acquisitions
1,048

 
765

Income support receivable (note 5)
337

 

Escrow deposits held by lenders
2,565

 

Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
507

 

Other
1,481

 
89

 
$
7,105

 
$
1,182

 
 
 
 
Current
$
5,598

 
$
1,182

Non-current
1,507

 

 
$
7,105

 
$
1,182


Escrow deposits held by lenders includes amounts collected from the Company and held for use in payment of real estate taxes, property insurance and replacement reserves.

20

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


5.
Investment properties:
(a) Investment properties:
 
Number of Properties

 
Amount

 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2016
35

 
$
628,471

Acquisitions of income properties
6

 
106,296

Sale of income properties
(1
)
 
(22,761
)
Capital expenditures

 
10,248

Increase in straight-line rents

 
5,982

Fair value adjustment

 
(8,846
)
Translation of foreign operations

 
2,601

 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2017
40

 
$
721,991

 
 
 
 
Acquisitions of income properties
47

 
462,280

Sale of income properties
(7
)
 
(69,135
)
Capital expenditures

 
13,598

Increase in straight-line rents

 
10,831

Fair value adjustment

 
(14,385
)
Translation of foreign operations

 
(9,650
)
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
80

 
$
1,115,530

 
 
 
 
Property tax liability under IFRIC 21
 
 
(237
)
Fair value adjustment to investment properties - IFRIC 21
 
 
237

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,115,530

At December 31, 2018, the Company used an internal valuation process to value its investment properties. Third party appraisers are engaged to prepare valuations on a portion of the portfolio annually such that one third of the portfolio is valued externally each year, and every property in the portfolio is valued externally at least once every five years.

Acquired investment properties are initially measured at cost, including directly attributable acquisition costs, when the transactions are deemed to be asset acquisitions. Acquisition costs related to business combinations are expensed in the period incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are measured at fair value, determined based on available market evidence. The Company uses alternative valuation methods such as the direct capitalized income approach, discounted cash flow projections (Level 3 inputs) or recent transaction prices. The fair value of investment properties reflects rental income from current leases and assumptions about rental income from future leases in light of current market conditions.


21

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


The significant unobservable assumptions used in determining fair value of investment properties measured as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are set out in the following table:

 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
Capitalization rate - range
6.50% - 8.25%
 
6.50% - 8.25%
Capitalization rate - weighted average
7.89%
 
7.96%
Terminal capitalization rate - range
5.70% - 9.25%
 
9.25%
Terminal capitalization rate - weighted average
7.04%
 
9.25%
Discount rate - range
6.70% - 9.00%
 
9.00%
Discount rate - weighted average
7.74%
 
9.00%
 
 
 
 

The fair value of investment properties is most sensitive to changes in capitalization rates, terminal capitalization rates and discount rates. Changes in the capitalization rates, terminal capitalization rates and discount rates would result in the following changes in the fair value of the Company's investment properties:

 
December 31, 2018

 
December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Capitalization rate:
 
 
 
25-basis point increase
$
(28,559
)
 
$
(19,456
)
25-basis point decrease
$
30,448

 
$
20,727

Terminal capitalization rate:
 
 
 
25-basis point increase
$
(4,281
)
 
$
(289
)
25-basis point decrease
$
4,629

 
$
305

Discount rate:
 
 
 
25-basis point increase
$
(2,479
)
 
$
(1,091
)
25-basis point decrease
$
2,535

 
$
1,131

 
 
 
 





















22

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


(b) Acquisitions and dispositions - year ended December 31, 2018
 
Lincoln

Round Rock

Care

Grand Brook

San Antonio/Webster

Mohawk MOB

Buffalo MOB

Keepsake

Traditions Portfolio

Total

Number of consolidated properties acquired (disposed):
1

1

24

3

2

14

1

1

(7
)
40

 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
Net assets acquired (disposed):
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
Investment properties
$
21,501

$
22,836

$
191,009

$
21,695

$
49,094

$
136,894

$
8,155

$
11,096

$
(69,135
)
$
393,145

 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
Investment in joint ventures


84,813







84,813

 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
Mortgages repaid (assumed)
(11,668
)
(13,158
)
(123,589
)

(25,706
)


(5,837
)

(179,958
)
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
Mezzanine loan applied against purchase
(3,723
)



(2,697
)




(6,420
)
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
Working capital balances

(990
)
(572
)
(50
)
(2,920
)
(465
)
(39
)
(363
)
(576
)
(5,975
)
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
Non-controlling interest liability


(1,188
)





16,040

14,852

 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 
$
6,110

$
8,688

$
150,473

$
21,645

$
17,771

$
136,429

$
8,116

$
4,896

$
(53,671
)
$
300,457

 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
Consideration paid/funded (received):
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
Cash
6,110

8,688

2,067

4,621

17,771

22,833

1,544

4,679

(49,671
)
18,642

 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
Proceeds from Secured Revolving Facility



17,024






17,024

 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
Proceeds from Mohawk Facility, net





81,899

6,572



88,471

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
Issuance of common shares


148,406



31,080




179,486

 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
Accrued transaction costs





1,307


217


1,524

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
Income support receivable





(690
)



(690
)
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 

Loans issued to buyer








(4,000
)
(4,000
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
6,110

$
8,688

$
150,473

$
21,645

$
17,771

$
136,429

$
8,116

$
4,896

$
(53,671
)
$
300,457


i)
On January 10, 2018, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company acquired a newly constructed transitional care facility located in Lincoln, Nebraska from Mainstreet Property Group, LLC ("Mainstreet LLC"). The property was acquired for a purchase price of $21,451 plus transaction costs and is accounted for as an asset acquisition. The acquisition was funded by the assumption of $11,668 in mortgage debt, a $3,723 credit received in satisfaction of a mezzanine loan held by the Company with respect to this property, and available cash on hand.


23

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


ii)
On January 31, 2018, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company acquired a newly constructed transitional care facility located in Round Rock, Texas from Mainstreet LLC. The property was acquired for a purchase price of $22,769 plus transaction costs and is accounted for as an asset acquisition. The acquisition was funded by the assumption of $13,158 in mortgage debt and available cash on hand. At the time of closing the Company also assumed $597 of liabilities related to the remaining development costs of the property which was funded through draws on the mortgage payable.

iii)
On February 1, 2018, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company completed the acquisition of Care Investment Trust, LLC ("Care") from Tiptree Inc. The acquisition of Care includes an ownership interest in 42 seniors housing and care properties in the United States. The Care portfolio is comprised of 35 independent living, assisted living and memory care properties, and seven skilled nursing facilities located in 11 states. The Care portfolio consists of 24 properties leased to operators under long-term triple-net leases and 18 operating properties in joint venture arrangements in which the Company owns the majority joint venture interest in the real estate and the operations.

The contractual purchase price of the Company's interest in the Care portfolio was $425,000, subject to working capital adjustments and transaction costs. The purchase was funded by the assumption of $123,589 of property level indebtedness (including a mark-to-market discount adjustment of $1,219), the issuance of 16,647,236 common shares at a fixed issuance price of $9.75 per common share and $919 of cash. The fair value of the common shares issued on the closing date of the transaction, which was based on the adjusted quoted market price of the Company's common shares on February 1, 2018, was $146,736. The Care acquisition is accounted for as a business combination and as a result transaction costs are expensed as incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income includes transaction costs of $6,444 related to this transaction. The Company incurred additional transaction costs for business combination of $2,073 during the year ended December 31, 2017 related to this transaction. The purchase agreement also contained provisions for a post-closing true up of working capital items. The working capital true up was paid on July 3, 2018 through a combination of cash on hand of $1,148 and the issuance of common shares with a value of $1,670.

For the year end December 31, 2018, the Care portfolio has contributed revenue of $18,983 and net income of $22,670. Had the acquisition of the Care portfolio taken place on January 1, 2018, revenue for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2018 would have been $115,395 and net income for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2018 would have been $(10,308).

iv)
On February 9, 2018, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company acquired three properties located in Garland, Texas; Grapevine, Texas and McKinney, Texas (together, the "Grand Brook Properties") for a combined purchase price of $21,500 plus transaction costs and is accounted for as an asset acquisition. The acquisition was funded by cash on hand and $17,024 in proceeds from the Secured Revolving Facility.

v)
On February 23, 2018, the Company purchased two transitional care facilities located in San Antonio, Texas and Webster, Texas from Mainstreet, LLC for a combined purchase price of $49,054 plus transaction costs and is accounted for as an asset acquisition. This transaction was funded through the assumption of $25,706 of mortgages payable, the retirement of the Company's mezzanine loan outstanding on the Webster, Texas property of $2,697 and cash on hand. At the time of closing the Company also assumed $2,920 of liabilities related to the remaining development costs of the properties which were funded through future draws on the mortgages payable.

vi)
On May 1, 2018, the Company purchased 14 multi-tenant medical office buildings located in Canada and the United States from Mohawk Medical Properties Real Estate Investment Trust and its subsidiary, Mohawk Medical Operating Partnership (I) LP (collectively, "Mohawk REIT") for a combined purchase price of $136,894. The acquisition, which is accounted for as an asset acquisition, was funded through a combination of a new credit facility of $81,899, net of loan fees, the issuance of 3,606,616 common shares and cash on hand. Mohawk Realty Advisors Ltd. and its affiliates will continue to provide asset and property management for the properties. On the day of purchase, the Company prepaid to the asset manager an amount equal to the contractual fee due under the two year initial term of the asset management agreement (note 4).


24

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


The Company entered into an income support agreement in conjunction with its purchase of the properties from Mohawk REIT, whereby the seller agreed to fund monthly payments to supplement rental income until certain leasing metrics are met. Upon execution of the income support agreement, the Company recorded an income support receivable of $690, which reduced the cost of the investment properties acquired.

vii)
On July 9, 2018, the Company purchased a medical office building in Williamsville, New York ("Buffalo MOB") for $7,732 plus transaction costs. This transaction was funded by $6,572 in new borrowings on the Mohawk Facility and cash on hand. Mohawk Realty Advisors Ltd. and its affiliates provide asset and property management services for the property.

viii)
On October 31, 2018, the Company purchased a memory care and assisted living facility ("Keepsake") in Syracuse, New York for $11,018, plus transaction costs. The transaction was funded by the assumption of mortgage debt of $5,837 and available cash on hand.

ix)
On December 31, 2018, the Company sold its interest in a portfolio of seven properties located in Georgia (collectively, the "Traditions Portfolio") for total consideration of $70,000, less transaction costs. Concurrently with the sale of the portfolio, the Company repaid the outstanding mortgage balance of $28,670 and a prepayment penalty of $293. $16,040 represents the net sale proceeds owed to the Company's partner in the portfolio. The Traditions Portfolio was acquired as part of the acquisition of Care, at which time the Company and the prior owner of Care entered into an agreement whereby the two parties would evenly share net proceeds from the sale of the Traditions Portfolio in the event of a sale. The Company recorded a liability of $10,676 representing the proceeds owed to the prior owner. The Company issued $4,000 of loans receivable to the buyer of the portfolio.

(c) Acquisitions and dispositions - year ended December 31, 2017

 
Ensign Properties
Columbia
Omaha
Houston II
Wichita
Total
Number of properties acquired (disposed):
3

1

1

1

(1
)
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net assets acquired (disposed):
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment properties
$
38,229

$
21,420

$
24,629

$
22,018

$
(22,761
)
$
83,535

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assumed mortgages

(8,781
)
(9,925
)
(12,514
)

(31,220
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mezzanine loan applied against purchase

(411
)
(965
)
(2,661
)

(4,037
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Working capital balances

(1,937
)
(1,991
)

83

(3,845
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
38,229

$
10,291

$
11,748

$
6,843

$
(22,678
)
$
44,433

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consideration paid/funded (received) by:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
2,229

10,291

11,970

6,843

(22,678
)
8,655

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from mortgage payable
30,000





30,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from Secured Revolving Facility
6,000





6,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Development lease funded


(222
)


(222
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
38,229

$
10,291

$
11,748

$
6,843

$
(22,678
)
$
44,433


(i)
On May 10, 2017, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company acquired three properties (the "Ensign Properties") for a combined purchase price of $38,000 plus transaction costs. One property is located in Glendale, Arizona and

25

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


provides long term and transitional care services. The other two properties are located in Rosemead, California and primarily provide combined assisted living and transitional care services. Each property is leased to a subsidiary of The Ensign Group, Inc. under a triple net master lease. The Company entered into a new mortgage secured by all three Ensign Properties to fund $30,000 of the purchase price. The debt bears interest at a variable rate of LIBOR plus 350 basis points through its maturity date of June 1, 2022. The Company funded the remainder of the purchase with cash on hand and $6,000 in proceeds from the Secured Revolving Facility.

(ii)
On November 28, 2017 the Company purchased three transitional care facilities located in Columbia, Missouri; Omaha, Nebraska and Houston, Texas from Mainstreet LLC for a purchase price of $68,000 plus transaction costs. The Company funded the transaction through a combination of assumed debt, the retirement of the Company's mezzanine loans outstanding on the three properties, cash on hand and equity in the unencumbered Wichita, Kansas property, which was sold concurrently to Mainstreet LLC for $22,775 less transaction costs. The Company held mezzanine loans on these properties with a total principal and PIK Interest balance of $4,037, which were settled as a credit towards the combined purchase price at closing.

At the acquisition date, the Omaha, Nebraska property was under development, and the vendor of the property, Mainstreet LLC, agreed to fund payment for two months until rental income commenced. The Company recorded a development lease receivable of $222, which reduced the cost of the investment property acquired. The Company has received full payment related to the development lease receivable as of December 31, 2017. Rent for this property commenced January 9, 2018.

At the acquisition date, the Company assumed a mortgage payable in the amount of $8,781 on the property located in Columbia, Missouri. The mortgage requires interest only payments and bears interest at a variable rate equal to the rate of LIBOR plus 300 basis point through the mortgage's maturity date of December 23, 2018. Subsequent to the assumption of the Columbia, Missouri property mortgage, the Company drew an additional $1,816 as of December 31, 2017 to fund its construction.
 
At the acquisition date, the Company assumed a mortgage payable in the amount of $9,925 on the property located in Omaha, Nebraska. The mortgage requires interest only payments and bears interest at a variable rate of LIBOR plus 325 basis points through its maturity date of December 31, 2018.

At the acquisition date, the Company assumed a mortgage payable in the amount of $12,514 on the property located in Houston, Texas. The mortgage requires interest only payments and bears interest at a variable rate of LIBOR plus 300 basis points through its maturity date of June 25, 2018.

At the time of closing the Company also assumed $3,870 of liabilities related to the remaining development costs of the properties which was recorded as a construction payable in the consolidated statement of financial position.


26

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


6.
Joint arrangements:
As at December 31, 2018, the following are the Company's joint arrangements:
Joint arrangement
Number of properties

Location
Company ownership

Consolidation type
 
 
 
 
 
Invesque-Autumnwood Landlord
4

Canada
50
%
Joint operation (1)
Invesque-Autumnwood Operator
4

Canada
50
%
Joint venture (2)
Calamar
2

United States
75
%
Joint venture (3)
Greenfield JV
3

United States
80
%
Joint venture (3)
Greenfield Lansdale
1

United States
80
%
Joint venture (3)
Heritage JV
3

United States
80
%
Joint venture (3)
Heritage Newtown
1

United States
80
%
Joint venture (3)
Heritage Harleysville
1

United States
90
%
Joint venture (3)
Phoenix Fayetteville
1

United States
90
%
Joint venture (3)
Royal JV
5

United States
80
%
Joint venture (3)
Royal Eatonton
1

United States
65
%
Joint venture (3)
 
 
 
 
 
(1) The Company directly holds its interest in the real estate joint operation.
(2) These joint venture arrangements have been structured through separate legal entities and lease the properties from the joint operation landlord.
(3) These joint venture arrangements have been structured through separate legal entities. The joint venture owns an interest in separate legal entities which own the real estate and operations.

The Company has entered into a number of joint arrangements for the purpose of jointly owning and operating certain of its seniors housing investments as detailed in the table above.

The Company and Autumnwood each owns a 50% direct beneficial interest in the real estate assets of the Invesque-Autumnwood Landlord entity and are jointly obligated for the related mortgages for a portfolio of four properties which are accounted for as joint operations and are accounted for under the proportionate consolidation method. The Company's 50% interest in the operations of these properties is held through separate legal entities (collectively referred to as "Invesque-Autumnwood Operators"), which under IFRS 11, Joint Arrangements, are accounted for as joint ventures using the equity method. Invesque-Autumnwood Operators have leased the real estate from the landlords under their respective lease agreements. These leases are for three-year periods, with six automatic renewals every third anniversary for a total of 21 years. The Company's share of the landlords' lease receipts, $2,991 for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017 - $2,887), is reported as lease revenue from joint ventures. Invesque-Autumnwood Operators lease expense is included in the share of income from joint ventures in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

In connection with the acquisition of the Care portfolio on February 1, 2018, the Company acquired an interest in 18 properties held in joint arrangements. In these joint arrangements the Company owns an interest in the real estate and operations through separate legal entities at each of the properties, and has management agreements in place to provide for the day to day operations resulting in joint control of the interests. Each of these joint arrangements are accounted for as joint ventures using the equity method and the Company's share of net income is included in income from joint ventures in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.








27

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


The following tables summarize the information about the Company's investment in joint ventures, which have been accounted for under the equity method:
 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
Year ended December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Contributions to joint ventures
$
1,655

 
$

Distributions received from joint ventures
$
8,164

 
$

 
 
 
 

 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Net assets

Company share of net assets

 
Net assets

Company share of net assets

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
$
4,965

$
4,047

 
$
91

$
45

Tenant and other receivables
2,443

1,591

 
1,713

857

Other
1,349

1,021

 
164

82

Current assets
8,757

6,659

 
1,968

984

 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment properties
256,184

202,972

 


Property, plant and equipment
28,012

20,498

 
2,184

1,092

Loans receivable
3,864

39

 


Derivative instruments
2,024

1,726

 


Other non-current assets
445

325

 


 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
299,286

$
232,219

 
$
4,152

$
2,076

 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$
6,511

$
4,945

 
$
2,240

$
1,096

Unearned Revenue
1,066

873

 


Mortgages payable - current
32,323

25,382

 

 
Current liabilities
39,900

31,200

 
2,240

1,096

 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages payable - non-current
144,419

116,263

 


Other non-current liabilities
104

98

 


 
 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
$
184,423

$
147,561

 
$
2,240

$
1,096

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net assets
$
114,863

$
84,658

 
$
1,912

$
980


 
Year ended December 31, 2018
 
Year ended December 31, 2017
 
Net income

Company share of net income

 
Net income

Company share of net income

 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
84,234

$
59,153

 
$
10,427

$

Property operating expense
(68,782
)
(46,889
)
 
(10,421
)

Finance costs
(7,597
)
(6,065
)
 


Depreciation expense
(1,586
)
(1,189
)
 


Change in fair value of financial instruments
(434
)
(373
)
 


Change in fair value of investment properties
849

813

 


Net income, prior to distributions to owners
$
6,684

$
5,450

 
$
6

$


28

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


Related party transactions occur between the Company and its joint ventures. These related party transactions are in the normal course of operations and are measured at the exchange amount, which is the amount of consideration established and agreed to between the parties. Except as disclosed elsewhere in these consolidated financial statements, the related party balances are included in accounts payable and other receivables and in lease revenue from joint ventures.

The following table summarizes information about the mortgages payable at the joint ventures:

 
 
December 31, 2018

 
December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages at fixed rates:
 
 
 
 
Mortgages (principal) (1)
 
$
100,028

 
$

Interest rates
 
3.24% to 5.68%

 

Weighted average interest rate
 
4.26
%
 
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages at variable rates:
 
 
 
 
Mortgages (principal)
 
$
76,874

 
$

Interest rates
 
LIBOR plus 2.75% to LIBOR plus 3.20%

 

Weighted average interest rate
 
5.43
%
 
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Blended weighted average rate
 
4.76
%
 
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Includes $83,769 of variable rate mortgages that are fixed with interest rate swaps.



29

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


7.
Credit facilities:
The credit facilities are recorded net of loan fees, which are capitalized when paid, and amortized into finance cost over the terms of the related loans using the effective interest rate method.
 
December 31, 2018

Borrowing rate at December 31, 2018

 
December 31, 2017

Borrowing rate at December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
 
 
Secured Facility Term (1)
$

%
 
$
200,000

4.41
%
Secured Facility Revolver

%
 
14,895

4.82
%
Unsecured Facility Term (1)
200,000

4.33
%
 

%
Unsecured Facility Revolver (3)
44,900

4.75
%
 

%
Secured Revolving Facility
12,740

6.31
%
 
6,000

6.97
%
Mohawk Facility USD denominated portion
21,286

4.72
%
 

%
Mohawk Facility CAD denominated portion (1) (2)
62,461

4.53
%
 

%
Finance costs, net
(3,247
)

 
(3,963
)

Carrying value
$
338,140

4.52
%
 
$
216,932

4.51
%
Less current portion
12,647

 
 
5,958

 
Long-term portion
$
325,493

 
 
$
210,974

 
(1) This facility is fixed with an interest rate swap. 
(2) This facility is denominated in Canadian dollars with a fixed amount of CAD$85,202. 
(3) $25,000 of this facility is fixed with an interest rate swap. 
On June 6, 2017 the Company amended the terms of its credit facility (the "Secured Facility") agreement to extend the maturity date of the term loan from October 30, 2019 to June 6, 2022 and extend the maturity date of the revolving line of credit from October 30, 2018 to June 6, 2021 with an additional one year extension option, subject to lender approval (the "Facility Recast"). The Secured Facility was also amended to increase the total Secured Facility capacity from $285,000 to $300,000. The term loan capacity remained consistent at $200,000 while the revolving line of credit capacity increased from $85,000 to $100,000. The amended agreement included an accordion feature that would extend the capacity of the total revolving line of credit, the total term commitment or both, bringing the total capacity of the Secured Facility to $500,000. The Secured Facility provided for interest-only payments during the term and a borrowing rate of LIBOR plus 275 basis points when the Company's leverage is less than 50%, LIBOR plus 300 basis points when the Company's leverage is greater than or equal to 50% but less than 55%, and LIBOR plus 325 basis points when the Company's leverage is greater than or equal to 55%. Per the agreement, the Company's leverage was not to exceed 60%. On December 20, 2018 the Company repaid and canceled the outstanding balance of the Secured Facility using the proceeds from the Unsecured Facility (defined below).
On December 20, 2018 the Company entered into an agreement for an unsecured credit facility (the "Unsecured Facility") with a $400,000 capacity. The Unsecured Facility is comprised of a $200,000 term loan and a $200,000 revolving line of credit. The term loan has a maturity date of December 20, 2023, while the revolving line of credit has a maturity date of December 20, 2022, with a one year extension option, subject to lender approval. The Unsecured Facility bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin based on the Company's consolidated leverage ratio, with an option to use a rate based on Base Rate, as defined in the agreement, plus an applicable margin.




30

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


The table below shows the applicable margins at each leverage ratio:
Level
Consolidated Leverage Ratio
Applicable Margin for Revolving Credit LIBOR Loans

Applicable Margin for LIBOR Loans that are Term Loans

1
Less than 40%
1.60
%
1.55
%
2
Equal to or greater than 40% but less than 45%
1.75
%
1.70
%
3
Equal to or greater than 45% but less than 50%
1.90
%
1.85
%
4
Equal to or greater than 50% but less than 55%
2.05
%
2.00
%
5
Equal to or greater than 55% but less than 60%
2.20
%
2.15
%
6
Equal to or greater than 60% but less than 65%
2.45
%
2.40
%
The borrowing capacity of the Unsecured Facility is based on the undepreciated book value of an unencumbered pool of assets. Per the agreement, the Company's leverage cannot exceed 62.5% through December 31, 2019, reducing to 60% thereafter. The agreement also provides for the Company's leverage to increase to 65% for two quarters following any material acquisition. Per the agreement, the fixed charge ratio shall not be less than 1.75 to 1.0.
On February 24, 2017, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a secured revolving credit facility ("Secured Revolving Facility") for the purpose of financing property acquisitions. The Secured Revolving Facility has a maximum capacity of $25,000 and had an original maturity date of February 24, 2018. Interest on the Secured Revolving Facility is variable in nature and is dependent on the security provided to the lender. The Secured Revolving Facility provides the ability to draw funds as a first priority mortgage up to 55% of the value of the collateral property, and a second priority mortgage up to 95% of the value of the collateral property.

On February 9, 2018 the Company amended the terms of the Secured Revolving Facility to extend its maturity date to December 31, 2018 and reduce available capacity on a second priority mortgage from 95% to 80% of the value of the collateral property. In conjunction with the amendment, the Company repaid in full $6,000 then outstanding on the Secured Revolving Facility and received proceeds of $17,024 to fund the acquisition of the Grand Brook Properties (note 5).

On September 28, 2018, the Company repaid $5,000 on the Secured Revolving Facility. On October 2, 2018, the Company repaid the remaining $12,024. On October 26, 2018 the Company amended the terms of the Secured Revolving Facility to extend the maturity date to June 30, 2019 and reduce the maximum capacity to $12,740. Concurrently, the Company drew $12,740 secured by a property in Webster, Texas.

On May 1, 2018, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a secured credit facility ("Mohawk Facility") for the purpose of funding the acquisition of 14 properties from Mohawk REIT. The facility has maximum commitment amounts of CAD$90,060, with a borrowing rate of the BA Rate plus 220 basis points, and a US Dollar commitment of $22,515, with a borrowing rate of LIBOR plus 220 basis points. The facility provides for interest-only payments through its maturity date of May 1, 2023. Per the terms of the agreement, CAD$4,858 and USD$1,228 are reserved for the construction of tenant improvements and the payment of leasing commissions for leases entered into after the closing of the transaction. On May 1, 2018, in conjunction with the acquisition from Mohawk REIT, the Company drew CAD$85,202 and USD$16,647. The facility also included an allocation of USD$4,460 for the acquisition of an additional medical office property in Williamsville, New York. On June 28, 2018, the Company amended the terms of the agreement to increase the borrowing capacity for the Williamsville, New York property to USD$6,572. The company drew a total of USD$6,572 in conjunction with the closing of the Williamsville asset on July 9, 2018. On December 31, 2018, the Company repaid USD$1,933 on the facility.








31

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


Future principal repayments of the credit facilities are as follows:

 
Aggregate
principal
payments

2019
$
12,740

2020

2021

2022
44,900

2023
283,747

Total
$
341,387


8.
Mortgages payable:
Mortgages payable consist of the following as at December 31, 2018:

 
 
December 31, 2018

 
December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages payable
 
$
306,170

 
$
170,668

Mark-to-market adjustment, net
 
(883
)
 
257

Finance costs, net
 
(1,957
)
 
(1,416
)
Carrying value
 
$
303,330

 
$
169,509

Less current portion
 
49,444

 
52,351

Long-term portion
 
$
253,886

 
$
117,158

 
 
 
 
 

Mortgages payable are collateralized by investment properties with a fair value of $480,354 at December 31, 2018. Maturity dates on mortgages payable range from 2019 to 2049, and the weighted average years to maturity is 5.71 years at December 31, 2018.

Future principal payments on the mortgages payable as at December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 
Regular principal payments

Principal due on maturity

Total principal payments

% of total principal payments

 
 
 
 
 
2019
$
5,351

$
44,118

$
49,469

16.16
%
2020
5,757

13,297

19,054

6.22
%
2021
5,810

6,781

12,591

4.11
%
2022
5,116

59,384

64,500

21.07
%
2023
4,382

31,691

36,073

11.78
%
Thereafter
20,465

104,018

124,483

40.66
%
 
$
46,881

$
259,289

$
306,170

100.00
%
 
 
 
 
 


32

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


 
 
December 31, 2018

 
December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages at fixed rates:
 
 
 
 
Mortgages (principal) (1)
 
$
228,925

 
$
85,646

Interest rates
 
3.08% to 5.98%

 
3.87% to 4.66%

Weighted average interest rate
 
4.58
%
 
4.46
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages at variable rates:
 
 
 
 
Mortgages (principal)
 
$
77,245

 
$
85,022

Interest rates
 
LIBOR plus 2.5% to US Prime plus 0.5%

 
Banker's acceptance plus 1.47% to LIBOR plus 3.50%

Weighted average interest rate
 
5.56
%
 
4.67
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Blended weighted average rate
 
4.82
%
 
4.57
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Includes $60,827 of variable rate mortgages that are fixed with interest rate swaps.


33

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


9.
Derivative financial instruments:
Derivative financial instruments as at December 31 are detailed in the table below:
 
 
 
 
Asset (Liability) Balance
 
Income (Loss) for the year ended
Swap
Maturity Date
Fixed Rate
Current notional amount

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

 
December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Secured Facility Term Swap
October 30, 2019
LIBOR fixed at 1.16%
$
200,000

$

$
2,827

 
$
(2,827
)
$
1,284

The Unsecured Term
November 30, 2020
LIBOR fixed at 2.18%
200,000

1,189


 
1,189


The Unsecured Revolver
January 2, 2024
LIBOR fixed at 2.56%
25,000

(163
)

 
(163
)

Leawood Swap
March 15, 2024
Interest rate fixed at 4.55%
13,560

134

(51
)
 
185

(51
)
Topeka Swap
March 15, 2024
Interest rate fixed at 4.55%
12,879

128

(48
)
 
176

(48
)
Red Oak Swap (3)
January 18, 2021
Interest rate fixed at 3.77%
4,462

(17
)

 
(17
)

Park Terrace Swap(1)
December 18, 2020
LIBOR fixed at 2.42%
3,750

4


 
12


Seneca Lake Swap(1)
December 18, 2020
LIBOR fixed at 2.42%
4,238

4


 
14


Winchester Swap(1)
November 1, 2021
Interest rate fixed at 4.54%
6,601

157


 
(41
)

Calhoun Swap(1)
May 31, 2019
LIBOR fixed at 1.75%
28,800

106


 
(6
)

Mohawk Credit Facility Swap (2)
July 2, 2020
Banker's Acceptance fixed at 2.33%
62,461

(126
)

 
(126
)

Grand Brook Swap
October 2, 2021
Interest rate fixed at 5.98%
16,065

(345
)

 
(345
)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Carrying Value
 
$
1,071

$
2,728

 
$
(1,949
)
$
1,185

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments (Asset)
 
$
1,722

$
2,827

 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments (Liability)
 
(651
)
(99
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,071

$
2,728

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) These derivatives were assumed with the purchase of Care on February 1, 2018. 
 
 
(2) The swap is for a fixed amount of CAD$85,202  
 
 
(3) The swap has a current notional amount of CAD$6,086  
 
 


34

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


10.
Convertible debentures:

(a) 2016 Convertible Debentures

On December 16, 2016, the Company issued $45,000 aggregate principal amount of convertible unsecured subordinated debentures (the "2016 Convertible Debentures"). The 2016 Convertible Debentures are due on January 31, 2022 and bear interest at an annual rate of 5.00% payable semi-annually in arrears on July 31 and January 31 of each year.

The 2016 Convertible Debentures are convertible into common shares of the Company at the option of the holder at at a conversion price of $11.00 per common share at any time prior to the earlier of January 31, 2022 and the last business day immediately preceding the date specified by the Company for redemption. On or after January 31, 2020 and prior to January 31, 2021, the 2016 Convertible Debentures may be redeemed by the Company in whole or in part at a price equal to the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest provided provided that the volume weighted average trading price of the common shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange for the 20 consecutive trading days preceding the date on which the notice of redemption is given is not less than 125% of the conversion price. On or after January 31, 2021, and prior to the maturity date, the 2016 Convertible Debentures may be redeemed by the Company in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at a price equal to the principal amount thereof plus accrued interest.

As at December 31, 2018 the 2016 Convertible Debentures are comprised of the following:

 
December 31, 2018

 
December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Issued
$
45,000

 
$
45,000

Issue costs, net of amortization and accretion of equity component
(694
)
 
(1,416
)
Equity component, excluding issue costs and taxes
(1,648
)
 
(1,648
)
 
 
 
 
2016 Convertible Debentures
$
42,658

 
$
41,936

 
 
 
 

Interest costs related to the 2016 Convertible Debentures are recorded in financing costs using the effective interest rate method.

(b) 2018 Convertible Debentures

On August 24, 2018, the Company issued $50,000 aggregate principal amount of convertible unsecured subordinated debentures (the "2018 Convertible Debentures"). The 2018 Convertible Debentures are due on September 30, 2023 and bear interest at an annual rate of 6.00% payable semi-annually in arrears on March 31 and September 30 of each year commencing on March 31, 2019.

The 2018 Convertible Debentures are convertible into common shares of the Company at the option of the holder at a conversion price of $10.70 per common share. The debentures will not be redeemable prior to September 30, 2021. On or after September 30, 2021, and prior to September 30, 2022, the 2018 Convertible Debentures may be redeemed in whole or in part from time to time at the Company’s option, at a price equal to their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, provided that the volume weighted average trading price of the common shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange for the 20 consecutive trading days preceding the date on which the notice of redemption is given is not less than 125% of the conversion price. On or after September 30, 2022, and prior to the maturity date, the 2018 Convertible Debentures may be redeemed by the Company, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at a price equal to the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest.







35

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


As at December 31, 2018 the 2018 Convertible Debentures are comprised of the following:

 
December 31, 2018

 
December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Issued
$
50,000

 
$

Issue costs, net of amortization and accretion of equity component
(2,177
)
 

Equity component, excluding issue costs and taxes
(736
)
 

 
 
 
 
2018 Convertible Debentures
$
47,087

 
$

 
 
 
 

Interest costs related to the 2018 Convertible Debentures are recorded in financing costs using the effective interest rate method.

11.
Other liabilities:
Other liabilities are as follows:

 
December 31, 2018

 
December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Deferred shares liability
$
1,756

 
$
1,096

Security deposits received from tenants
10,029

 
8,404

Escrows collected from tenant
1,575

 

Unearned revenue
303

 
814

Liability to previous owner of Care (note 5)
1,000

 

Other
152

 

 
$
14,815

 
$
10,314

 
 
 
 
Current
$
2,030

 
$
814

Non-current
12,785

 
9,500

 
$
14,815

 
$
10,314



36

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


12.
Reconciliation of changes in liabilities arising from financing activities:
 
Credit facilities

Mortgages payable

Convertible debentures

Total

Balance, December 31, 2017
$
216,932

$
169,509

$
41,936

$
428,377

Debt assumed through acquisitions

179,958


179,958

Proceeds from financing
437,459

25,186

50,000

512,645

Repayments
(313,300
)
(64,513
)

(377,813
)
Scheduled principal payments

(4,459
)

(4,459
)
Financing costs paid
(3,825
)
(1,304
)
(2,387
)
(7,516
)
Amortizing of financing costs and mark to market adjustments
1,313

305

932

2,550

Non-cash write-off of deferred financing costs from refinancing
3,178

530


3,708

Changes in foreign currency rates
(3,617
)
(1,882
)

(5,499
)
Equity component of convertible debentures


(736
)
(736
)
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
$
338,140

$
303,330

$
89,745

$
731,215


13.
Share capital:
(a) Common shares:
The following number and value of common shares were issued and outstanding as at December 31, 2018:

 
Common Shares

 
Value

Balance, December 31, 2016
32,222,355

 
$
308,551

Issued on settlement of Deferred Share Incentive Plan
94,826

 
870

Issued pursuant to the Company's dividend reinvestment plan
41,573

 
368

Recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefit of amortization of issuance cost

 
670

 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2017
32,358,754

 
$
310,459

Issued as consideration for acquisition of Care (note 5)
16,855,890

 
148,406

Issued as consideration for acquisition of Mohawk (note 5)
3,606,616

 
31,080

Issued on settlement of Deferred Share Incentive Plan
72,191

 
623

Issued pursuant to the Company's dividend reinvestment plan
100,700

 
782

Recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefit of amortization of issuance cost

 
2,223

Shares acquired under NCIB
(60,300
)
 
(408
)
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
52,933,851

 
$
493,165

 
 
 
 

(i)
On March 3, 2017 the Company filed a base shelf prospectus with the securities regulatory authorities in each of the provinces and territories of Canada. The prospectus is valid for a 25-month period, during which time the Company may offer and issue, from time to time, common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants, subscription receipts and units, or any combination thereof, having an aggregate offering price of $500,000. The

37

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


intention of the base shelf prospectus is to allow the Company to more quickly access capital when market opportunities permit.

(ii)
On November 9, 2018 the Toronto Stock Exchange approved the Company's notice of intention to make a normal course issuer bid ("NCIB") for a portion of its common shares. Pursuant to the notice, the Company is authorized to acquire up to a maximum of 2,647,954 of its Units, or approximately 5% of the Company’s 52,959,070 outstanding Shares as of November 1, 2018, for cancellation over the next 12 months. Purchases under the NCIB will be made through the facilities of the Toronto Stock Exchange or through a Canadian alternative trading system and in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements at a price per Share equal to the market at the time of acquisition. The number of Shares that can be purchased pursuant to the NCIB is subject to a daily maximum of 7,918 Shares, subject to the Company’s ability to make one block purchase of Shares per calendar week that exceeds such limits. Any Shares purchased under the NCIB will be canceled upon purchase. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company acquired 60,300 shares.

(iii)
For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company declared dividends payable in cash on common shares of $37,001, respectively (2017 - $23,791).

(b) Preferred Shares:
The following number and value of Preferred Shares were issued and outstanding as at December 31, 2018:

 
Preferred Shares

 
Value

Balance, December 31, 2016

 
$

Issued Series 1 Preferred Shares
2,802,009

 
26,353

 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2017
2,802,009

 
26,353

Issued Series 2 Preferred Shares
3,172,086

 
29,856

Issued Series 3 Preferred Shares
1,586,042

 
14,897

 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
7,560,137

 
$
71,106

 
 
 
 

On December 22, 2017, the Company entered into subscription agreements in respect of the issuance of Class A convertible preferred shares ("Preferred Shares") for aggregate gross proceeds of $54,000, to be funded in multiple series. The first series was funded upon entering into the agreement resulting in the issuance of 2,802,009 Class A Series 1 Convertible Preferred Shares (the "Series 1 Preferred Shares") for aggregate gross proceeds of $26,500.

On February 2, 2018, the Company amended the terms of the subscription agreements to increase the amount of the subscription to $71,500. The second series was funded on February 9, 2018, resulting in the issuance of 3,172,086 Class A Series 2 Preferred Shares (the "Series 2 Preferred Shares") for aggregate gross proceeds of $30,000.

On March 29, 2018, the third and final series was funded, resulting in the issuance of 1,586,042 Class A Series 3 Preferred Shares (the "Series 3 Preferred Shares") on substantially the same terms as the other series for aggregate gross proceeds of $15,000.

The Preferred Shares are non-voting and are initially convertible into common shares of the Company on a one-for-one basis at the option of the holder based on an initial liquidation preference and a conversion price of $9.75. The Preferred Shares were issued at a price per share equal to the initial liquidation preference of $9.75, subject to a 3% discount. Following issuance, the liquidation preference of the Preferred Shares will accrete at a rate of 5.65% per annum, compounded quarterly, increasing the number of common shares into which each Preferred Share is convertible at the fixed rate, and is subject to further adjustments in certain circumstances. In certain circumstances, the Company may redeem the Preferred Shares for an amount equal to their liquidation preference and may also require the conversion of the Preferred Shares. If the Preferred Shares are redeemed or mandatorily converted in the first year following issuance, the liquidation preference of such shares will include

38

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


a 4% premium to the initial liquidation preference. This premium will be reduced by 1% per year in respect of redemptions or mandatory conversions in the second, third or fourth years following issuance.

As at December 31, 2018, the Preferred Shares are convertible into 7,945,285 common shares of the Company.

14.
Earnings per share:
Basic income per share is calculated using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. The calculation of diluted income per share, is calculated using the "if-converted" method and to the extent the conversion is dilutive, assumes all convertible securities have been converted at the beginning of the period, or at the time of issuance, if later, and any charges or returns on the convertible securities, on an after-tax basis, are removed from net earnings. The after-tax interest on the convertible debentures has been removed from net earnings and the weighted average number of shares has been increased by the number of shares, which would be issued on conversion of the convertible debentures, pro-rated for the number of days in the period the convertible debentures were outstanding. The outstanding convertible debentures, share purchase warrants and unvested deferred shares, if exercised, would be anti-dilutive to net income per share. Accordingly their potential exercise has been ignored in calculating the diluted net income per share.

The following table reconciles the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted earnings per share computation:

Net income (loss):
 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
Year ended December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) for basic and diluted net income (loss) per share
$
(12,275
)
 
$
16,263

 
 
 
 

Denominator for basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:
 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
Year ended December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of shares, including fully vested deferred shares: Basic
50,273,295

 
32,323,269

Weighted average shares issued if all Preferred Shares were converted
6,975,227

 
76,558

Weighted average number of shares: Diluted
57,248,522

 
32,399,827

 
 
 
 

Net income (loss) per share:
 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
Year ended December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Basic and diluted
$
(0.24
)
 
$
0.50

 
 
 
 


39

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


15.
Rental revenue:
Rental revenue consists of the following:

 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
Year ended December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Cash rentals received
$
82,192

 
$
45,372

Straight-line rent adjustments
10,831

 
5,982

Property tax recoveries
14,327

 
8,834

Revenue from services - CAM recoveries (1)
2,038

 

 
 
 
 
 
$
109,388

 
$
60,188

 
 
 
 
(1) Represents property services element in accordance with IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. 

The Company is scheduled to receive rental income from operators of its seniors housing and care properties under the provisions of long term non-cancellable operating leases, generally with lease terms of 10 to 15 years, with provisions for lease extensions at the option of the tenants. These leases are triple-net and include renewal options and rent escalation clauses.

The Company is also scheduled to receive rental income from tenants of the medical office building portfolio. These leases, generally with lease terms of 5 to 10 years, include provisions for recovery of real estate taxes, insurance and costs associated with common area maintenance ("CAM").

The tenant operator of the Symphony Portfolio ("Symcare") of 11 properties pays rent pursuant to a master lease. For the year ended December 31, 2018, rental revenue from this tenant comprised approximately 32% (2017 - 58%), of the Company's consolidated rental revenue for the period.

Future minimum rentals to be received as of December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 
 
Less than 1 year
$
84,148

Between 1 and 5 years
343,068

More than 5 years
633,815

 
 
 
$
1,061,031


Future minimum rentals in the above table attributable to Symcare represent approximately 33% of the total.


40

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


16.
Finance costs:
Finance costs consist of the following:
 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
Year ended December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Interest expense on credit facilities
$
15,778

 
$
10,337

Interest expense on mortgages payable
17,096

 
4,822

Interest expense on convertible debentures
3,317

 
2,250

Amortization and accretion expense
2,819

 
2,345

Interest rate swap payments (receipts)
(1,226
)
 
374

Write-off of deferred financing costs from refinancing
3,708

 

Amortization of mark-to-market debt adjustments
79

 
(11
)
Interest income from loans receivable (note 3)
(3,307
)
 
(4,062
)
 
 
 
 
Finance costs from operations
$
38,264

 
$
16,055

 
 
 
 
Change in non-controlling interest liability
17,927

 

Allowance for credit losses on loans and interest receivable
11,336

 

Change in fair value of financial instruments
2,325

 
(2,292
)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration
10,676

 

 
 
 
 
Total finance costs
$
80,528

 
$
13,763


17.
General and administrative:
General and administrative costs consist of the following:

 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
Year ended December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
$
6,273

 
$
3,333

Asset management and administrative fees
421

 
270

Professional fees
2,544

 
1,942

Deferred share compensation
1,283

 
1,614

Other
2,891

 
915

 
 
 
 
 
$
13,412

 
$
8,074


41

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


18.
Direct property operating expenses:
Direct property operating expenses consist of the following:

 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
Year ended December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Repairs and maintenance
$
744

 
$

Utilities
829

 

Property management fees
380

 

Services
642

 

Other
135

 

Non-recoverable operating expenses
396

 

 
 
 
 
 
$
3,126

 
$


19.
Deferred share incentive plan:
On May 25, 2016, the shareholders of the Company voted on and approved a deferred share incentive plan (the "Deferred Share Incentive Plan").
Each director of the Company is given the right to participate in the Deferred Share Incentive Plan. Each director who elects to participate shall receive a portion of his or her fees earned for service on the Board (the "Elected Amount") in the form of deferred shares in lieu of cash ("Individual Contributed Deferred Shares"). In addition, the Deferred Share Incentive Plan provides that the Company shall match 100% of the elected amount for each director such that the aggregate number of deferred shares issued to each such director annually shall be equal in value to two times the elected amount for such director ("Company Contributed Deferred Shares").
Under the Deferred Share Incentive Plan, deferred shares may be granted from time to time to participants in the Deferred Share Incentive Plan at the discretion of the Board of Directors or the Compensation, Governance and Nominating Committee ("Discretionary Deferred Shares")
Wherever cash dividends are paid on the common shares, additional deferred shares are credited to the participant's account. The number of such additional deferred shares is calculated by multiplying the aggregate number of deferred shares held on the relevant dividend record date by the amount of the dividend paid by the Company on each common share, and dividing the result by the market value of the common shares on the dividend date.
Individual Contributed Deferred Shares vest immediately upon grant. Company Contributed Deferred Shares, which are granted only to directors, generally vest in three equal installments on the first three anniversary dates of the grant.
Discretionary Deferred Shares may also be granted to participants and, where vesting is not specified in connection with the grant, such Discretionary Deferred Shares will vest on the second anniversary of the date of grant.
Additional deferred shares credited to a participant's account in connection with cash dividends vest on the same schedule as their corresponding Deferred Shares and are considered issued on the same date as the deferred shares in respect of which they were credited.
At the meeting of shareholders held on May 25, 2016, shareholders approved an amendment to the Deferred Share Incentive Plan to increase the maximum number of common shares available for issuance under the Deferred Share Incentive Plan to 1,200,000.




42

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


At December 31, 2018, the number of deferred shares granted and outstanding and vested are as follows:

 
Granted/
Outstanding

 
Fully Vested

 
 
 
 
As at December 31, 2016
81,545

 
20,041

Discretionary Deferred Shares granted
156,295

 
83,179

Individual Contributed Deferred Shares (vested immediately)
32,866

 
32,867

Company Contributed Deferred Shares
32,757

 
5,863

Shares forfeited
(14,073
)
 

Shares issued upon vesting of deferred shares
(94,826
)
 
(94,826
)
 
 
 
 
As at December 31, 2017
194,564

 
47,124

 
 
 
 
Discretionary Deferred Shares granted
178,543

 
66,548

Individual Contributed Deferred Shares (vested immediately)
36,873

 
36,873

Company Contributed Deferred Shares
38,363

 
13,893

Shares forfeited
(872
)
 
(2
)
Shares issued upon vesting of deferred shares
(72,192
)
 
(72,192
)
 
 
 
 
As at December 31, 2018
375,279

 
92,244

 
 
 
 

For the year ended December 31, 2018, expense recognized in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income related to deferred shares was $1,283 (2017 - $1,614). A deferred share liability of $1,756 (2017 - $1,096) is included in other non-current liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2018. The table above includes dividends granted during the year ended December 31, 2018 of 27,767 shares (2017 - 14,956 shares).

20.
Related party transactions:
Related party transactions in addition to those disclosed elsewhere in these financial statements are as follows:

The Company entered into subscription agreements in respect of the issuance of class A convertible preferred shares to certain funds managed by Magnetar Financial LLC (collectively, "Magnetar"), a significant shareholder of the Company, to be funded in multiple series. The purpose of the transaction was to raise proceeds to be used for the repayment of debt, general working capital purposes and to fund future acquisitions.

The first series of the private placement was funded on the day of the agreement resulting in the issuance of 2,802,009 Series 1 Preferred Shares for aggregate gross proceeds of $26,500. The second series was funded on February 9, 2018, resulting in the issuance of 3,172,086 Series 2 Preferred Shares for aggregate gross proceeds of $30,000.

On March 29, 2018, the third and final series was funded, resulting in the issuance of 1,586,042 Class A Series 3 Preferred Shares (the "Series 3 Preferred Shares") on substantially the same terms as the other series for aggregate gross proceeds of $15,000.

A member of the Board of Directors has an ownership interest in a marketing firm ("JDA Worldwide"). For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company incurred $307 of marketing costs in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income related to services performed by JDA Worldwide.


43

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


21.
Income taxes:
The income tax expense in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income differs from that expected by applying the combined federal, provincial and state income tax rates of 26.5% (2017 - 26.5%). The differences for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
Year ended December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Income/(loss) before income taxes
$
(15,156
)
 
$
21,685

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax expense (recovery) at Canadian tax rate
(4,016
)
 
5,747

Non-deductible expenses
1,291

 
1,015

Difference in tax rate in foreign jurisdiction
(152
)
 
(1,408
)
Other
(4
)
 
68

 
 
 
 
Income tax expense (recovery)
$
(2,881
)
 
$
5,422


The Company has certain subsidiaries in the United States and Canada that are subject to tax on their taxable income. The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below.

 
December 31, 2018

 
December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Tax losses
$
18,704

 
$
10,941

Financing costs
1,622

 
131

 
 
 
 
 
$
20,326

 
$
11,072

 
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Investment properties
$
26,511

 
$
20,170

Derivative instruments
257

 
756

Convertible debentures
461

 
437

Other
108

 

 
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities
$
27,337

 
$
21,363

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net deferred tax liability
$
(7,011
)
 
$
(10,291
)
 
 
 
 











44

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


The gross movement in deferred tax is as follows:
 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
Year ended December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Deferred tax liability, beginning balance
$
10,291

 
$
5,583

Deferred tax expense (recovery)
(2,881
)
 
5,371

Deferred tax resulting from business combination
1,699

 

Deferred tax liability charged to equity
(2,098
)
 
(663
)
Deferred tax liability, ending balance
$
7,011

 
$
10,291

 
 
 
 

On December 22, 2017, new U.S. tax legislation was enacted, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("U.S. Tax Reform").  Among other significant changes, the U.S. Tax Reform lowered the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018.  For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company re-measured the deferred taxes to reflect the reduced federal rate of 21%, which will apply in future years when these deferred taxes are settled or realized.  The change in federal income tax rate resulted in a one-time recovery of income tax of $1,692 in 2017.

At December 31, 2018, U.S. subsidiaries had accumulated net operating losses available for carryforward for U.S. income tax purposes of $51,316 (2017 - $38,462). The pre-2018 accumulated net operating losses of $38,462 will expire in 2036. The state net operating losses will expire in 2028. The Company and its Canadian subsidiary have non-capital losses in Canada for income tax purposes amounting to $2,800 that expire between 2036 and 2038.

The Company has non-capital losses amounting to $2,110 in Canada at December 31, 2018 (2017 - $11,198) for which no deferred tax asset has been recognized as it is not probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the Company can use the benefits therefrom.

22.
Commitments and contingencies:
Pursuant to the Chesterton lease agreement and satisfaction of certain conditions, the tenant has an option prior to the end of the fifth year of the lease to increase rent to a level supported by certain metrics as identified in the lease agreement. In consideration for the exercise of such option, the Company is required to pay the tenant an amount equal to the capitalized value of the rent increase using a pre-determined capitalization rate.  If such option is exercised, the tenant's rent is also increased by an amount equal to the consideration paid multiplied by the capitalization rate.  The Company has not recorded any balance in the financial statements associated with this commitment.

Pursuant to the Evanston lease agreement and satisfaction of certain conditions, the tenant has an option to increase rent to a level supported by certain metrics as identified in the lease agreement. In consideration for the exercise of such option, the Company is required to pay the tenant an amount equal to the capitalized value of the rent increase using a pre-determined capitalization rate.  If such option is exercised, the tenant's rent is also increased by an amount equal to the consideration paid multiplied by the capitalization rate.  The Company has not recorded any balance in the financial statements associated with this commitment.

There are risks which arise from the joint arrangements, including the willingness of the other partners to contribute or withdraw funds and a change in creditworthiness of the partner. As a result, there may be a requirement by the Company to contribute cash into the operating partnerships.

Pursuant to the Grand Brook lease agreement and satisfaction of certain conditions, the tenant has an option to increase rent to a level supported by certain metrics as identified in the lease agreement. In consideration for the exercise of such option, the Company is required to pay the tenant an amount equal to the capitalized value of the rent increase using a pre-determined capitalization rate.  If such option is exercised, the tenant's rent is also increased by an amount equal to the consideration paid multiplied by the capitalization rate.  The Company has not recorded any balance in the financial statements associated with this commitment.


45

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


On December 31, 2018, the Company entered into an operating agreement with Javelina Ventures, LLC in which the Company will share in 5% of the net available cash flows from operations. Concurrently, the Company entered into an agreement to guarantee a total of $5,000 of the mortgages on the properties operated by Javelina Ventures, LLC. The Company will earn an annual guaranty fee of $225 until the loans have been repaid or the guaranty is released. The Company has not recorded any balance in the financial statements associated with this commitment.

On November 14, 2018, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement to purchase a property located in Allen, TX for a purchase price of $8,100 plus transaction costs. The transaction was completed on January 16, 2019 and funded by a new mortgage secured by the property of $5,693 and cash on hand.

23.
Capital management:

The Company's objectives when managing capital are to ensure sufficient liquidity to pursue its organic growth combined with strategic acquisitions, and to maintain a flexible capital structure that optimizes the cost of capital at acceptable risk and preserves the ability to meet financial obligations.

The capital of the Company consists of mortgages payable, the credit facilities, convertible debentures, preferred shares and common shares.

The Company sets the amount of capital in proportion to risk and manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in light of changes to economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets, as well as with consideration of externally imposed capital requirements. In managing its capital structure, the Company monitors performance throughout the period to ensure working capital requirements are funded from operations, available cash on deposit and available financing. The Company may make changes to its capital structure in order to support the broader corporate strategy or in light of economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. In order to maintain or adjust its capital structure, the Company may issue equity or new debt, issue new debt with different characteristics to replace existing debt, or reduce the amount of existing debt.

The real estate industry is capital-intensive by nature. As a result, debt capital is an important aspect in managing the business. In addition, financial leverage is used to enhance terms from purchased real estate. The Company actively monitors debt maturities and available debt financing options.

Under the terms of the Company's credit facilities, the Company is required to meet certain financial and non-financial covenants that are customary for the nature and phase of the Company's current business structure.


46

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


24.
Fair value measurement:

The fair value hierarchy of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the consolidated statements of financial position is as follows:

 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

 
Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment in MS-SW Development
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fund Holdings LLC
$

$

$

 
$

$

$
1,072

Derivative asset

1,722


 

2,827


Investment properties


1,115,530

 


721,991

Derivative liability

651


 

99


Deferred share liability
1,756



 
1,096



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

For the assets and liabilities measured at fair value as at December 31, 2018, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 liabilities during the period. For changes in fair value measurements of investment properties included in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, refer to note 5 for details. The fair value of the Investment in MS-SW Development Fund Holdings LLC represents contributions made to the entity and the value of expected contractual returns accrued which are estimated to approximate fair value. $848 of the Investment in MS-SW Development Fund Holdings LLC was repaid on December 31, 2018 representing full equity return related to the properties in Chandler, AZ and Tucson, AZ. The remaining $376 of investment was reserved against as it relates to a property in Loveland, CO for which the borrower is in default on the loan.

Fair value of financial instruments:

The carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments as shown in the consolidated statements of financial position are shown in the table below. The table below excludes cash, restricted cash, tenant and other receivables, security deposits and costs related to future acquisitions, income support receivable, escrow deposits held by lenders, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, accrued real estate taxes, construction payable, liabilities to previous owner of Care, escrows collected from tenant, and dividend payable, as the carrying amounts of these assets and liabilities are a reasonable approximation of fair value due to their short term nature. The table also excludes security deposits received from tenants as the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value.

 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Carrying Value

Fair Value

 
Carrying Value

Fair Value

 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Investment in MS-SW Development Fund Holdings, LLC
$

$

 
$
1,072

$
1,072

Loans receivable
32,422

32,361

 
36,431

36,431

Derivative instruments
1,722

1,722

 
2,827

2,827

Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages payable
303,330

306,170

 
169,509

170,668

Credit facilities
338,140

341,387

 
216,932

220,895

Derivative instruments
651

651

 
99

99

Convertible debentures
89,745

72,500

 
41,936

43,650



47

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


Fair value represents management's estimates of the fair market value at a given point in time, which may not reflect fair value in the future. These calculations are subjective and require estimation, and cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. The following summarizes the significant methods and assumptions used in estimating the fair values of financial instruments reflected in the table above.

(i)
Investment in MS-SW Development Fund Holdings, LLC

Management has determined the fair value of this unlisted private equity investment using applicable inputs such as contractual rates of return, estimated future cash flows and market value of the associated development properties. Fair value measurements of this investment were estimated using Level 3 inputs.

(ii)
Loans receivable

The fair value of loans receivable is determined by the discounted cash flow method using applicable inputs such as prevailing interest rates, contractual rates and discounts. Fair value measurements of these instruments were estimated using Level 3 inputs. The carrying values of short term loans generally approximate their fair values.

(iii)
Derivative instruments

The fair values of the derivative instruments represents estimates at a specific point in time using financial models, based on interest rates that reflect current market conditions, the credit quality of counterparties and interest rate curves. Fair value measurements of derivative instruments were estimated using Level 2 inputs.

(iv)
Mortgages payable and credit facility

The fair values of these instruments are estimates made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information. These estimates are based on quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or on the current rates offered to the Company for similar financial instruments subject to similar risk and maturities. Fair value measurements of these instruments were estimated using Level 2 inputs. The carrying values of short-term and variable rate debt generally approximate their fair values.

(v)
Convertible debentures

The Company determined the fair value of the convertible debentures using quoted market prices which are considered Level 1 inputs.

25. Financial risk management:

The Company's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including foreign currency risk and interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company's overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on the Company's financial performance.

Risk management is carried out by senior management under guidelines approved by the Board of Directors. There have been no significant changes in the Company's risk management policies and strategies since December 31, 2017.

(i)
Market risk

Foreign currency risk:

Foreign exchange risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. A portion of the Company's operations are located in Canada, resulting in the Company being subject to foreign currency fluctuations which may impact its financial position and results. In order to mitigate the risk, the Company's borrowings on Canadian assets are also denominated in Canadian dollars to act as a natural hedge. In addition, Canadian dollar revenue was predominantly naturally hedged by Canadian dollar expenditures such as corporate professional fees, interest expense and administrative expenditures.

48

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


Interest rate risk:

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company is not exposed to interest rate risk on loans receivable because all of the loans earn interest at fixed rates.

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on the credit facilities and certain mortgages payable, which bear interest at variable rates. To manage interest rate risk, the Company entered into swap agreements which effectively fixes interest on a portion of its variable rate debt. It may also enter into additional derivative financial instruments from time to time to mitigate interest rate risk. At December 31, 2018, 82.3% of our interest was of fixed rate, including the impact of in-place swaps. To limit exposure to the risk of higher interest rates at renewal, the Company spreads the maturities of its fixed-rate, long-term debt over time.

The Company's remaining financial instruments have no exposure to interest rate risk due to their short-term nature.

At December 31, 2018, the Company's interest-bearing financial instruments were as follows:

 
Carrying Amount
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Fixed-rate financial liabilities
$
601,435

 
$
324,354

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable-rate financial liabilities
$
129,780

 
$
104,058

 
 
 
 

As at December 31, 2018, an increase/decrease of 100-basis-points in interest rates, assuming all other variables are constant, would result in a $1,312 (2017 - $1,059) change in the Company's finance costs over the next twelve months.

(ii)
Credit risk:

Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the Company by failing to discharge its obligations. The Company is exposed to credit risk on all financial assets and its exposure is generally limited to the carrying amount on the consolidated statement of financial position. The Company is exposed to credit risk arising from the possibility that a borrower may be unable to fulfill their contractual obligations. In the event that borrowers are not able to meet commitments, the Company could suffer a loss of either interest or principal or both. The Company actively manages its affairs to minimize its credit risk through careful selection and assessment of its credit parties and collateral based on knowledge obtained through means such as due diligence carried out in respect of leasing transactions to new operators. The Company also manages credit risk related to its cash balances by selection of reputable banking institutions.

(iii)
Liquidity risk:

The Company is subject to the liquidity risk that it will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they come due. Although a portion of the cash flow generated by the investment properties is devoted to servicing outstanding debt and the convertible debentures, there can be no assurance that the Company will continue to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to meet interest payments and principal repayment obligations upon an applicable maturity date. If the Company is unable to meet principal or interest repayment obligations, it could be required to renegotiate such payments, issue additional equity or debt, or obtain other financing. The failure to make or renegotiate interest or principal payments, issue additional equity or debt, or obtain other financing could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations. The Company manages its liquidity risk through cash and debt management. The Company plans to address scheduled interest payments through operating cash flows and significant principal maturities through a combination of debt and equity financing.


49

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


The following are the contractual maturities of the Company's financial liabilities as at December 31, 2018, including expected interest payments where applicable:

 
 
Total
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Thereafter
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit facilities
 
$
410,556

$
27,929

$
14,830

$
14,790

$
59,614

$
293,393

$

Mortgages payable
 
372,584

62,135

30,941

23,580

73,383

42,628

139,917

Convertible debentures
 
118,192

5,567

5,250

5,250

49,125

53,000


Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 
9,871

9,871






Accrued real estate taxes
 
11,052

11,052






Dividends payable
 
3,253

3,253






Liability to previous owner of Care (note 5)
 
9,676

9,676






Other current liabilities
 
2,030

2,030






Other non-current liabilities
 
12,785

1,151

1,380

225



10,029

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Commitments
 
$
949,999

$
132,664

$
52,401

$
43,845

$
182,122

$
389,021

$
149,946

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

26. Key management personnel compensation:

The remuneration of key management personnel of the Company for years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is set forth in the table below.

 
Year ended December 31, 2018

 
Year ended December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Officers and directors compensation
$
2,510

 
$
1,690

Share based compensation
987

 
1,427

 
 
 
 
 
$
3,497

 
$
3,117

 
 
 
 

27. Segments:

The Company’s current portfolio includes investments in assisted living, independent living, memory care, transitional care, long-term care, and medical office properties. The Company's senior housing and care investments in assisted living, independent living, memory care, transitional care and long-term care share similar characteristics and are generally leased to operators on a long-term, triple-net lease basis. In some instances the Company has an interest in both the property and operations in joint ventures and joint arrangements with the operating partner at the facility. The Company considers these investments to be one reportable operating segment. The Company also has investments in 15 medical office buildings. This multi-tenant medical office portfolio has different characteristics that are evaluated by management, and is considered to be a separate reportable operating segment.










50

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


The following tables show net income (loss) by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

 
Year ended December 31, 2018
 
Seniors housing and care

Medical office buildings

Other

Total

 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenue
$
100,166

$
9,222

$

$
109,388

Lease revenue from joint ventures
2,991



2,991

Other income
37

1,297

214

1,548

Finance cost
(34,442
)
(2,770
)
(1,052
)
(38,264
)
Real estate tax expense
(10,864
)
(932
)

(11,796
)
General and administrative
(547
)
(342
)
(12,523
)
(13,412
)
Direct property operating

(3,126
)

(3,126
)
Transaction costs for business combination


(6,444
)
(6,444
)
Diligence costs for transactions not pursued


(2,041
)
(2,041
)
Allowance for credit losses on loans and interest receivable


(11,336
)
(11,336
)
Changes in non-controlling interest liability
(17,927
)


(17,927
)
Change in fair value of investment properties - IFRIC 21
(2,409
)
(392
)

(2,801
)
Change in fair value of investment properties
(14,917
)
532


(14,385
)
Change in fair value of financial instruments
(1,823
)
(126
)
(376
)
(2,325
)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration
(10,676
)


(10,676
)
Income from joint ventures
5,450



5,450

Income tax recovery (expense)


2,881

2,881

 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
15,039

$
3,363

$
(30,677
)
$
(12,275
)
 
 
 
 
 
Expenditures for non-current assets:
 
 
 
 
Acquisition of properties
$
317,231

$
145,049

$

$
462,280

Capital additions
13,598



13,598

 
 
 
 
 


51

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


 
Year ended December 31, 2017
 
Seniors housing and care

Medical office buildings

Other

Total

 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenue
$
60,188

$

$

60,188

Lease revenue from joint ventures
2,887



2,887

Other income


929

929

Finance cost
(17,152
)

1,097

(16,055
)
Real estate tax expense
(8,763
)


(8,763
)
General and administrative
(245
)

(7,829
)
(8,074
)
Transaction costs for business combination


(2,073
)
(2,073
)
Diligence costs for transactions not pursued


(491
)
(491
)
Change in fair value of investment properties - IFRIC 21
(309
)


(309
)
Change in fair value of investment properties
(8,846
)


(8,846
)
Change in fair value of financial instruments
2,292



2,292

Income tax expense


(5,422
)
(5,422
)
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
30,052

$

$
(13,789
)
$
16,263

 
 
 
 
 
Expenditures for non-current assets:
 
 
 
 
Acquisition of properties
$
106,296

$

$

$
106,296

Capital additions
10,248



10,248

 
 
 
 
 

The following tables show assets and liabilities by reportable segment as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

 
As at December 31, 2018
 
Seniors housing and care

Medical office buildings

Other

Total

Investment properties
$
975,914

$
139,616

$

$
1,115,530

Investment in joint ventures
84,658



84,658

Loans receivable


32,422

32,422

Other assets
22,637

1,790

26,922

51,349

Total assets
$
1,083,209

$
141,406

$
59,344

$
1,283,959

 
 
 
 
 
Contingent consideration liability
$
9,676

$

$

$
9,676

Mortgages payable
303,330



303,330

Credit facilities
255,561

82,579


338,140

Convertible debentures


89,745

89,745

Non-controlling interest liability
2,947



2,947

Other liabilities
26,465

1,458

18,730

46,653

Total liabilities
$
597,979

$
84,037

$
108,475

$
790,491

 
 
 
 
 


52

INVESQUE INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted, except share and per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


 
As at December 31, 2017
 
Seniors housing and care

Medical office buildings

Other

Total

Investment properties
$
721,991

$

$

$
721,991

Investment in joint ventures
980



980

Loans receivable


36,431

36,431

Other assets
10,673


14,930

25,603

Total assets
$
733,644

$

$
51,361

$
785,005

 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages payable
$
169,509

$

$

$
169,509

Credit facilities
216,932



216,932

Convertible debentures


41,936

41,936

Other liabilities
19,022


18,222

37,244

Total liabilities
$
405,463

$

$
60,158

$
465,621

 
 
 
 
 

In measuring performance, the Company does not distinguish or group its properties on a geographical basis. Management has applied judgment by aggregating its properties into two reportable segments for disclosure purposes. The Company's Chief Executive Officer is the chief decision maker and regularly reviews performance on an individual property basis and on the basis of the Company's reportable operating segments.

At December 31, 2018, $1,051,527 of the Company's non-current assets, excluding financial instruments, are located in the United States (2017 - $680,785) and $150,168 are located in Canada (2017 - $42,186). During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company generated $103,080 (2017 - $60,188), of its revenues, excluding other income, from properties located in the United States and $9,299 (2017 - $2,887) of its revenues from properties located in Canada.

28. Subsequent events:

On January 16, 2019, the Company acquired a property located in Allen, TX for a purchase price of $8,100 plus transaction costs. The Company entered into a new mortgage secured by the property to fund $5,693 of the purchase price and funded the remainder of the purchase with cash on hand.

On January 22, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with Symcare to purchase three buildings. Total consideration is expected to be $52,000 plus transaction costs, and the acquisition is expected to be funded by cash on hand and an issuance of $5,000 of the Company's shares to Symcare. The original master lease with the Symcare operator will be amended to include these new buildings.





53