Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 19, 2018
1933 Act Registration File No. 033-20827
1940 Act File No. 811-05518
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | [X] | ||||
Pre-Effective Amendment No. | [ ] | ||||
Post-Effective Amendment No. | 242 | [X] |
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | [X] | ||||
Amendment No. | 244 | [X] | |||
(Check Appropriate Box or Boxes)
THE RBB FUND, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
615 East Michigan Street,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)
Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (609) 731-6256
Copies to:
SALVATORE FAIA | MICHAEL P. MALLOY, ESQUIRE | |
The RBB Fund, Inc. | Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP | |
615 East Michigan Street, | One Logan Square, Suite 2000 | |
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-6996 |
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the Registration Statement becomes effective.
[X] | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) | ||
[ ] | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b) | ||
[ ] | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) | ||
[ ] | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) | ||
[ ] | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) | ||
[ ] | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485. |
If appropriate, check the following box:
[ ] | This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. |
Summit Global Investments
Prospectus
Summit
Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund
Class I Shares (Ticker: SILVX)
Class
A Shares (Ticker: LVOLX)
Class C Shares (Ticker: SGICX)
Summit
Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund
Class I Shares (Ticker: SCLVX)
Class
A Shares (Ticker: LVSMX)
Class C Shares (Ticker: SMLVX)
Summit
Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund
Class I Shares (Ticker: SGLIX)
Class
A Shares (Ticker: SGLAX)
Class C Shares (Ticker: SGLOX)
March 19, 2018
of The RBB Fund, Inc.
This prospectus gives vital information about the Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund, the Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund and the Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund (each a "Fund" and together the “Funds”), each an investment portfolio of The RBB Fund, Inc. (the "Company"), including information on investment policies, risks and fees. For your own benefit and protection, please read it before you invest and keep it on hand for future reference.
THE SECURITIES DESCRIBED IN THIS PROSPECTUS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ("SEC"). THE SEC, HOWEVER, HAS NOT JUDGED THESE SECURITIES FOR THEIR INVESTMENT MERIT AND HAS NOT DETERMINED THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANYONE WHO TELLS YOU OTHERWISE IS COMMITTING A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
A look at the
goals, strategies, risks and financial history of the Funds.
Details about the Funds’ service providers.
Policies and instructions for opening, maintaining and closing an account in a Fund.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY SECTIONS | 1 |
U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund | 1 |
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund | 7 |
Global Low Volatility Fund | 13 |
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT EACH FUND’S INVESTMENTS AND RISKS | 19 |
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS | 22 |
Investment Adviser | 22 |
Portfolio Managers | 23 |
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION | 23 |
Pricing of Fund Shares | 23 |
Sales Charges — Class A Shares ONLY | 24 |
Market Timing | 26 |
Purchase of Fund Shares | 26 |
Redemption of Fund Shares | 31 |
Dividends and Distributions | 33 |
Taxes | 33 |
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION | 35 |
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS | 37 |
Appendix A ̶ PRIOR PERFORMANCE OF SIMILARILY ADVISED ACCOUNTS | A-1 |
FOR MORE INFORMATION: | Back Cover |
SUMMARY
SECTIONS
U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund
Investment Objective
The Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund (for this section only, the "Fund") seeks to outperform the S&P 500 ® Index over a market cycle while reducing overall volatility. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.
Expenses and Fees
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on Class A Shares if you invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional, in the section of the Prospectus entitled "Shareholder Information — Sales Charges" and in the section of the Fund's Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") entitled "Purchase and Redemption Information — Reducing or Eliminating the Front-End Sales Charge."
Class I | Class A | Class C | |
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) | |||
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases as a percentage of offering price) | None | 5.25% | None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) | None | None (1) | None |
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested | |||
Dividends | None | None | None |
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable) | None | None | None |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) | |||
Management Fees | 0.70% | 0.70% | 0.70% |
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees | 0.00% | 0.25% | 1.00% |
Other Expenses | 0.44% | 0.44% | 0.44% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 1.14% | 1.39% | 2.14% |
Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements (2) | (0.16)% | (0.16)% | (0.16)% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements | 0.98% | 1.23% | 1.98% |
(1) | A contingent deferred sales charge of 1.00% is assessed on certain redemptions of Class A Shares made within 18 months after purchase where no initial sales charge was paid at time of purchase as part of an investment of $1,000,000 or more. |
(2) | Summit Global Investments, LLC (the "Adviser"), the Fund's investment adviser, has contractually agreed to waive management fees and reimburse expenses through March 31, 2019 to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (excluding certain items discussed below) exceed 0.98%, 1.23% and 1.98% of the Fund's average daily net assets attributable to Class I Shares, Class A Shares and Class C Shares, respectively. In determining the Adviser's obligation to waive advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses, the following expenses are not taken into account and could cause net Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses to exceed 0.98%, 1.23% or 1.98%, as applicable: acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest or taxes. This contractual limitation may not be terminated before March 31, 2019 without the approval of the Board of Directors of The RBB Fund, Inc. (the “Company”). If at any time the Fund's Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (not including acquired fund fees and expenses, short sale dividend expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest or taxes) for a year are less than 0.98%, 1.23% and 1.98% of the Fund's average daily net assets attributable to Class I Shares, Class A Shares and Class C Shares, respectively, the Adviser is entitled to reimbursement by the Fund of the advisory fees forgone and other payments remitted by the Adviser to the Fund within three years from the date on which such waiver or reimbursement was made, provided such reimbursement does not cause the Fund to exceed expense limitations that were in effect at the time of the waiver or reimbursement. |
1
Example:
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Class A Shares or Class C Shares or $1,000,000 in the Class I Shares of the Fund and for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Class I | $9,997 | $34,638 | $61,218 | $137,181 |
Class A | $644 | $927 | $1,231 | $2,093 |
Class C | $201 | $655 | $1,135 | $2,460 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 31% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (including borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities, primarily common stocks, of companies within the Russell 1000 ® Index and S&P 500 ® Index. The Fund's investments will generally consist of securities, which may include common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants to acquire common stock, and securities convertible into common stock. The Fund purchases equity securities traded in the U.S. on registered exchanges or the over-the-counter market.
The Adviser attempts to lower the Fund's market risk by investing in U.S. equity securities that lower the overall volatility of the Fund's portfolio as compared to the S&P 500 ® Index. Volatility is a statistical measurement of the magnitude of up and down fluctuations in the value of a financial instrument or index. The Fund invests in stocks that exhibit less volatile stock price patterns, strengthening business metrics (i.e., earnings, debt, return on assets, competition, customers, industry, etc.) and quantitative factors such as earnings variability, leverage, volatility, price/book, price/cash flow, etc. The Adviser selects securities for the Fund that it anticipates will produce less volatility with more capital protection and more consistent returns. While the Adviser attempts to manage the Fund's volatility, there is no guarantee that the strategy will be successful or that the Fund's portfolio will not experience periods of volatility.
2
The Fund may sell a stock if the Adviser identifies fundamental, governance or legal risks or if the risk/return ranking declines due to increasing risk and/or decreasing return potential. The Fund may also decrease weight in an investment for risk control purposes.
Principal Risks
Loss of money is a risk of investing in the Fund. In addition, your investment in the Fund may be subject to the following principal risks:
• Common Stock Risk. Investments in common stocks are subject to market, economic and business risks that will cause their price to fluctuate over time. Therefore, an investment in the Fund may be more suitable for long-term investors who can bear the risk of these fluctuations. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds and preferred stock take precedence over the claims of those who own common stock.
• Convertible Securities Risk. Securities that can be converted into common stock, such as certain securities and preferred stock, are subject to the usual risks associated with fixed income investments, such as interest rate risk and credit risk. In addition, because they react to changes in the value of the equity securities into which they will convert, convertible securities are also subject to the risks associated with equity securities.
• Warrants Risk. The purchase of warrants involves the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of a warrant if the right to subscribe to additional shares is not executed prior to the warrant's expiration. Also, the purchase of warrants involves the risk that the effective price paid for the warrant added to the subscription price of the related security may exceed the value of the subscribed security's market price such as when there is no movement in the level of the underlying security.
• Low Volatility Risk. Although subject to the risks of common stocks, low volatility stocks are seen as having a lower risk profile than the overall markets. However, a portfolio comprised of low volatility stocks may not produce investment exposure that has lower variability to changes in such stocks' price levels. Investing in low volatility stocks may limit the Fund's gains in rising markets.
• High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The risk that when investing on a shorter-term basis, the Fund may as a result trade more frequently and incur higher levels of brokerage fees and commissions and cause higher levels of current tax liability to shareholders of the Fund. A portfolio turnover rate of 100% is considered to be high. For the last fiscal year, the annual portfolio turnover rate of the Fund was lower than 100%, but the Fund's portfolio turnover rate is expected to vary from year to year. The Adviser may engage in active trading, and will not consider portfolio turnover a limiting factor in making decisions for the Fund.
• Management Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk of poor stock selection. In other words, the individual stocks in the Fund may not perform as well as expected, and/or the Fund's portfolio management practices do not work to achieve their desired result.
• Market Risk. The net asset value ("NAV") of the Fund will change with changes in the market value of its portfolio positions. Investors may lose money. Although the Fund will invest in stocks the Adviser believes will produce less volatility, there is no guarantee that the stocks will perform as expected.
• Opportunity Risk. As with all mutual funds, the Fund is subject to the risk of missing out on an opportunity because the assets necessary to take advantage of it are tied up in less advantageous investments.
Performance Information
The chart below illustrates the performance of the Fund's Class I Shares (the Class with the longest performance). The information shows you how the Fund's performance has varied year by year and provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The chart assumes reinvestment of dividends and distributions. As with all such investments, past performance (before and after taxes) is not an indication of future results. Performance reflects fee waivers in effect. If fee waivers were not in place, the Fund's performance would be reduced. Updated performance information may be obtained at www.summitglobalinvestments.com or by calling 1-855-744-8500.
3
TOTAL RETURNS FOR THE CALENDAR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31*
* | The returns in the bar chart are for Class I Shares. Class A Shares and Class C Shares would have substantially similar annual returns because each class of shares would have invested in the same portfolio of securities, and the annual returns would differ only to the extent that the classes have different expenses. The Fund’s Class A Shares are subject to a sales charge (load). Sales charges (loads) or account fees are not reflected in the bar chart and if these amounts were reflected, returns would be less than those shown. |
Best
and Worst Quarterly Performance (for the period reflected in the chart above):
Best Quarter: 13.53% (quarter ended March 31, 2013)
Worst Quarter: -2.33 % (quarter ended June 30, 2015)
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
The table below, which includes all applicable sales charges (loads) and account fees, compares the Fund's Class I, Class A and Class C Shares average annual total returns for the periods indicated to the average annual total returns of a broad-based securities market index for the same periods. Past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indicator of how the Fund will perform in the future.
4
Average Annual Total Returns for the Periods
Ended December 31, 2017 |
|||
U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund | 1 Year | 5 Years | Since Inception |
Class I Shares* | |||
Return Before Taxes | 16.41% | 14.01% | 12.49% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions (1) | 14.52% | 12.62% | 11.26% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions a nd Sale of Fund Shares (1) | 10.85% | 10.93% | 9.78% |
Class A Shares** | |||
Return Before Taxes | 9.96% | N/A | 7.92% |
Class C Shares*** | |||
Return Before Taxes | 15.40% | N/A | 11.19% |
S&P 500 ® Index (reflects reinvestment of dividends and no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes) | 21.83% | 15.79% | 14.59% |
(1) | After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts ("IRAs"). |
* | Class I Shares of the Fund commenced operations on February 29, 2012. |
** | Class A Shares of the Fund commenced operations on October 29, 2015. |
*** | Class C Shares of the Fund commenced operations on December 31, 2015. |
Management of the Fund
Investment Adviser
Summit Global Investments, LLC
Portfolio Managers
David
Harden
President of the Adviser
Portfolio Manager of the Fund since inception
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
Minimum Initial Investment | Subsequent Minimum Investment | ||
Class I | $1,000,000 | No minimum | |
Class A | $2,500 | No minimum | |
Class A (with automatic investment plan) | $1,000 | $100 per month | |
Class C | $2,500 | No minimum | |
Class C (with automatic investment plan) | $1,000 | $100 per month |
You can only purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on days the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") is open. Shares of the Fund may be available through certain brokerage firms, financial institutions and other industry professionals. Shares of the Fund may also be purchased and redeemed directly through The RBB Fund, Inc. by the means described below.
5
Purchase and Redemption By Mail:
Summit
Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund
c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
P.O. Box 701
Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701
Overnight
Mail:
Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund
c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Purchase and Redemption By Wire:
Before sending any wire, call U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (the "Transfer Agent") at 855-744-8500 to confirm the current wire instructions for the Fund.
Redemption By Telephone:
If you select the option on your account application, you may call the Transfer Agent at 855-744-8500.
Tax Information
The Fund intends to make distributions that generally may be taxed at ordinary income or capital gains rates.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
6
SUMMARY SECTION
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund
Investment Objective
The Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund (for this section only, the "Fund") seeks to outperform the Russell 2000 ® Index over a market cycle while reducing overall volatility. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.
Expenses and Fees
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on Class A Shares if you invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional, in the section of the Prospectus entitled "Shareholder Information — Sales Charges" and in the section of the Fund's Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") entitled "Purchase and Redemption Information — Reducing or Eliminating the Front-End Sales Charge."
Class I |
Class A
(formerly Retail Class) |
Class C | |
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) | |||
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | None | 5.25% | None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) | None | None (1) | None |
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends | None | None | None |
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable) | None | None | None |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) | |||
Management Fees | 0.95% | 0.95% | 0.95% |
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees | 0.00% | 0.25% | 1.00% |
Other Expenses | 1.26% | 1.26% | 1.26% |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (2) | 0.19% | 0.19% | 0.19% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 2.40% | 2.65% | 3.40% |
Less Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements (3) | (0.98)% | (0.98)% | (0.98)% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements | 1.42% | 1.67% | 2.42% |
(1) | Effective January 1, 2018, a contingent deferred sales charge of 1.00% is assessed on certain redemptions of Class A Shares made within 18 months after purchase where no initial sales charge was paid at the time of purchase as part of an investment of $1,000,000 or more. |
(2) | Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are indirect fees and expenses that the Fund incurs from investing in the shares of other mutual funds, including money market funds and exchange traded funds. Please note that the amount of Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses shown in the above table will differ from the "Financial Highlights" section of the Prospectus, which reflects the operating expenses of the Fund and does not include indirect expenses such as Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses. |
(3) | Summit Global Investments, LLC (the "Adviser"), the Fund's investment adviser, has contractually agreed to waive management fees and reimburse expenses through March 31, 2019 to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (excluding certain items discussed below) exceed 1.23%, 1.48% and 2.23% of the Fund's average daily net assets attributable to Class I Shares, Class A and Class C Shares, respectively. In determining the Adviser's obligation to waive advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses, the following expenses are not taken into account and could cause net Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses to exceed 1.23%, 1.48% or 2.23%, as applicable: acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest or taxes. This contractual limitation may not be terminated before March 31, 2019 without the approval of the Board of Directors of The RBB Fund, Inc. If at any time the Fund's Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (not including acquired fund fees and expenses, short sale dividend expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest or taxes) for a year are less than 1.23%, 1.48% and 2.23% of the Fund's average daily net assets attributable to Class I Shares, Class A Shares and Class C Shares, respectively, the Adviser is entitled to reimbursement by the Fund of the advisory fees forgone and other payments remitted by the Adviser to the Fund within three years from the date on which such waiver or reimbursement was made, provided such reimbursement does not cause the Fund to exceed expense limitations that were in effect at the time of the waiver or reimbursement. |
7
Example:
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Class A Shares or Class C Shares or $1,000,000 in the Class I Shares of the Fund and for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Class I | $14,454 | $65,474 | $119,181 | $266,153 |
Class A | $686 | $1,217 | $1,773 | $3,283 |
Class C | $245 | $954 | $1,685 | $3,619 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 95% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (including borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities, primarily common stocks of U.S. issuers with small market capitalizations. A small market capitalization issuer generally is considered to be one whose market capitalization is, at the time the Fund makes the investment, similar to the market capitalization of companies in the Russell 2000 ® Index. The Russell 2000 ® Index is a small cap stock market index measuring the performance of approximately 2,000 small cap U.S. companies. As of November 30, 2016, the median market capitalization of this index was $780 million and the largest stock was $8.3 billion. The Fund's investments will generally consist of securities, which may include common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants to acquire common stock, and securities convertible into common stock. The Fund purchases equity securities traded in the U.S. on registered exchanges or the over-the-counter market.
The Adviser attempts to lower the Fund's market risk by investing in U.S. equity securities that lower the overall volatility of the Fund's portfolio as compared to the Russell 2000 ® Index. Volatility is a statistical measurement of the magnitude of up and down fluctuations in the value of a financial instrument or index. The Fund invests in stocks that exhibit less volatile stock price patterns, strengthening business metrics (i.e., earnings, debt, return on assets, competition, customers, industry, etc.) and quantitative factors such as earnings variability, leverage, volatility, price/book, price/cash flow, etc. The Adviser selects securities for the Fund that it anticipates will produce less volatility with more protection against significant losses and more consistent returns. While the Adviser attempts to manage the Fund's volatility, there is no guarantee that the strategy will be successful or that the Fund's portfolio will not experience periods of volatility.
8
The Fund may sell a stock if it no longer meets one or more investment criteria, including if the Adviser identifies fundamental, governance or legal risks or if the risk/return ranking declines due to increasing risk and/or decreasing return potential.
Principal Risks
Loss of money is a risk of investing in the Fund. In addition, your investment in the Fund may be subject to the following principal risks:
• Common Stock Risk. Investments in common stocks are subject to market, economic and business risks that will cause their price to fluctuate over time. Therefore, an investment in the Fund may be more suitable for long-term investors who can bear the risk of these fluctuations.
• Convertible Securities Risk. Securities that can be converted into common stock, such as certain securities and preferred stock, are subject to the usual risks associated with fixed income investments, such as interest rate risk and credit risk. In addition, because they react to changes in the value of the equity securities into which they will convert, convertible securities are also subject to the risks associated with equity securities
• High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The risk that when investing on a shorter-term basis, the Fund may as a result trade more frequently and incur higher levels of brokerage fees and commissions and cause higher levels of current tax liability to shareholders of the Fund. A portfolio turnover rate of 100% is considered to be high. For the fiscal period, the annual portfolio turnover rate of the Fund was lower than 100%, but the Fund's portfolio turnover rate is expected to vary from year to year. The Adviser may engage in active trading, and will not consider portfolio turnover a limiting factor in making decisions for the Fund.
• Low Volatility Risk. Although subject to the risks of common stocks, low volatility stocks are seen as having a lower risk profile than the overall markets. However, a portfolio comprised of low volatility stocks may not produce investment exposure that has lower variability to changes in such stocks' price levels. Investing in low volatility stocks may limit the Fund's gains in rising markets.
• Management Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk of poor stock selection. In other words, the individual stocks in the Fund may not perform as well as expected, and/or the Fund's portfolio management practices do not work to achieve their desired result.
• Market Risk. The net asset value ("NAV") of the Fund will change with changes in the market value of its portfolio positions. Investors may lose money. Although the Fund will invest in stocks the Adviser believes will produce less volatility, there is no guarantee that the stocks will perform as expected.
• Opportunity Risk. As with all mutual funds, the Fund is subject to the risk of missing out on an opportunity because the assets necessary to take advantage of it are tied up in less advantageous investments.
• Small Cap Risk. Stocks of small companies may be more volatile than, and not as readily marketable as, those of larger companies. Small companies may also have limited product lines, markets or financial resources and may be dependent on relatively small or inexperienced management groups. Additionally, the trading volume of small company securities may make them more difficult to sell than those of larger companies. Moreover, the lack of an efficient market for the securities may make them difficult to value.
• Warrants Risk. The purchase of warrants involves the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of a warrant if the right to subscribe to additional shares is not executed prior to the warrant's expiration. Also, the purchase of warrants involves the risk that the effective price paid for the warrant added to the subscription price of the related security may exceed the value of the subscribed security's market price such as when there is no movement in the level of the underlying security.
9
Performance Information
The chart below illustrates the performance of the Fund's Class I Shares. The information shows the Fund's performance for one year and provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The chart assumes reinvestment of dividends and distributions. As with all such investments, past performance (before and after taxes) is not an indication of future results. Performance reflects fee waivers in effect. If fee waivers were not in place, the Fund's performance would be reduced. Updated performance information may be obtained at www.summitglobalinvestments.com or by calling 1-855-744-8500.
TOTAL RETURNS FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31*
* The returns in the bar chart are for Class I Shares. Class A Shares and Class C Shares would have substantially similar annual returns because each class of shares would have invested in the same portfolio of securities, and the annual returns would differ only to the extent that the classes have different expenses. The Fund’s Class A Shares are subject to a sales charge (load). Sales charges (loads) or account fees are not reflected in the bar chart and if these amounts were reflected, returns would be less than those shown.
Best
and Worst Quarterly Performance (for the period reflected in the chart above):
Best Quarter: 5.29% (quarter ended September 30, 2017)
Worst Quarter: -1.48% (quarter ended March 31, 2017)
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
The table below, which includes all applicable sales charges (loads) and account fees, compares the Fund's Class I, Class A and Class C Shares average annual total returns for the periods indicated to the average annual total returns of a broad-based securities market index for the same periods. Past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indicator of how the Fund will perform in the future.
10
Average
Annual Total Returns for the
Periods Ended December 31, 2017 |
||
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund | 1 Year |
Since Inception (March 31, 2016) |
Class I Shares | ||
Return Before Taxes | 8.71% | 17.57% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions (1) | 5.41% | 15.46% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares (1) | 5.79% | 12.93% |
Class A Shares (2) | ||
Return Before Taxes | 8.55% | 17.39% |
Class C Shares | ||
Return Before Taxes | 7.67% | 16.46% |
Russell 2000 ® Index (reflects reinvestment of dividends and no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes) | 14.65% | 21.76% |
(1) | After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. In certain cases, the figure representing “Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares” may be higher than the other return figures for the same period, since a higher after-tax return results when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and provides an assumed tax deduction that benefits the investor. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts ("IRAs"). Class I Shares, Class A Shares and Class C Shares commenced operations on March 31, 2016. |
(2) | Effective as of January 1, 2018, Class A Shares of the Fund are charged a 5.25% sales load. Accordingly, performance information for Class A Shares for periods prior to January 1, 2018 does not reflect the effect of the sales load. |
Management of the Fund
Investment Adviser
Summit Global Investments, LLC
Portfolio Managers
David
Harden
President of the Adviser
Portfolio Manager of the Fund since 2016
Richard
Thawley
Portfolio Manager of the Fund since 2016
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
Minimum Initial Investment | Subsequent Minimum Investment | |
Class I | $1,000,000 | No minimum |
Class A | $2,500 | No minimum |
Class A (with automatic investment plan) | $1,000 | $100 per month |
Class C | $2,500 | No minimum |
Class C (with automatic investment plan) | $1,000 | $100 per month |
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You can only purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on days the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") is open. Shares of the Fund may be available through certain brokerage firms, financial institutions and other industry professionals. Shares of the Fund may also be purchased and redeemed directly through The RBB Fund, Inc. by the means described below.
Purchase and Redemption By Mail:
Summit
Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund
c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
P.O. Box 701
Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701
Overnight
Mail:
Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund
c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Purchase and Redemption By Wire:
Before sending any wire, call U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (the "Transfer Agent") at 855-744-8500 to confirm the current wire instructions for the Fund.
Redemption By Telephone:
If you select the option on your account application, you may call the Transfer Agent at 855-744-8500.
Tax Information
The Fund intends to make distributions that generally may be taxed at ordinary income or capital gains rates.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
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SUMMARY SECTION
Global Low Volatility Fund
|
Investment Objective
The investment objective of the Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund (the "Fund") is to seek long-term capital appreciation. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.
Expenses and Fees
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold Fund shares. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on Class A Shares if you invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional, in the section of the Prospectus entitled "Shareholder Information — Sales Charges" and in the section of the Fund's Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") entitled "Purchase and Redemption Information — Reducing or Eliminating the Front-End Sales Charge."
Class I | Class A | Class C | |
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) | |||
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | None | 5.25% | None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) | None | None (1) | None |
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends | None | None | None |
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable) | None | None | None |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) (2) | |||
Management Fees (3) | 0.70% | 0.70% | 0.70% |
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees | None | 0.25% | 1.00% |
Other Expenses | 0.62% | 0.62% | 0.62% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 1.32% | 1.57% | 2.32% |
Less Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements (4) | (0.48)% | (0.48)% | (0.48)% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements | 0.84% | 1.09% | 1.84% |
(1) | A contingent deferred sales charge of 1.00% is assessed on certain redemptions of Class A Shares made within 18 months after purchase where no initial sales charge was paid at time of purchase as part of an investment of $1,000,000 or more. |
(2) | The expense information has been restated to reflect current fees. |
(3) | Prior to March 24, 2017, the management fee was 0.65%. |
(4) | Summit Global Investments, LLC (the "Adviser"), the Fund's investment adviser, has contractually agreed to waive fees and reimburse expenses to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (excluding taxes, extraordinary expenses, short sale dividend expenses, brokerage commissions and interest) exceed 0.84% for Class I Shares, 1.09% for Class A Shares and 1.84% for Class C Shares until March 31, 2019. Prior to such date, this contractual agreement may only be terminated by the Fund's Board of Directors. If it becomes unnecessary for the Adviser to waive fees or make reimbursements, the Adviser may recapture any of its prior waivers or reimbursements for a period not to exceed three years from the date on which the waiver or reimbursement was made to the extent that such a recapture does not cause the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (excluding taxes, extraordinary expenses, short sale dividend expenses, brokerage commissions and interest) to exceed the applicable expense limitation that was in effect at the time of the waiver or reimbursement. |
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Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The example assumes that you invest $1,000,000 in Class I Shares or $10,000 in Class A Shares or Class C Shares of the Fund for the time periods indicated and that you sell your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that each year your investment has a 5% return and Fund operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Class I Shares | $8,575 | $37,094 | $67,751 | $154,828 |
Class A Shares | $630 | $950 | $1,292 | $2,256 |
Class C Shares | $187 | $678 | $1,197 | $2,619 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund's performance. Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. During the most recent fiscal year, the portfolio turnover rate of the Fund was 247% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund invests, under normal market conditions, significantly (ordinarily at least 40% - unless market conditions are not deemed favorable by the Adviser, in which case the Fund would invest at least 30%) in non-U.S. companies. The Fund defines non-U.S. companies as companies that (i) are organized under the laws of a foreign country; (ii) whose principal trading market is in a foreign country; or (iii) that have a majority of their assets or derive a significant portion of their revenue or profits from businesses, investments or sales, outside of the United States.
The Fund's investments will generally consist of securities, which may include common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants to acquire common stock, and securities convertible into common stock. The Fund purchases equity securities traded in the U.S. on registered exchanges or the over-the-counter market. The Fund primarily utilizes American Depository Receipts (ADRs) for exposure to non-U.S. equities.
The Adviser attempts to lower the Fund's market risk by investing in equity securities that lower the overall volatility of the Fund's portfolio as compared to global equity benchmarks. Volatility is a statistical measurement of the magnitude of up and down fluctuations in the value of a financial instrument or index. The Fund invests in stocks that exhibit less volatile stock price patterns, strengthening business metrics (i.e., earnings, debt, return on assets, competition, customers, industry, etc.) and quantitative factors such as earnings variability, leverage, volatility, price/book, price/cash flow, etc. The Adviser selects securities for the Fund that it anticipates will produce less volatility with more capital protection and more consistent returns. While the Adviser attempts to manage the Fund's volatility, there is no guarantee that the strategy will be successful or that the Fund's portfolio will not experience periods of volatility.
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The Fund may sell a stock if the Adviser identifies fundamental, governance or legal risks or if the risk/return ranking declines due to increasing risk and/or decreasing return potential. The Fund may also decrease weight in an investment for risk control purposes.
Principal Risks
Loss of money is a risk of investing in the Fund. In addition, your investment in the Fund may be subject to the following principal risks:
• Common Stock Risk. Investments in common stocks are subject to market, economic and business risks that will cause their price to fluctuate over time. Therefore, an investment in the Fund may be more suitable for long-term investors who can bear the risk of these fluctuations.
• Convertible Securities Risk. Securities that can be converted into common stock, such as certain securities and preferred stock, are subject to the usual risks associated with fixed income investments, such as interest rate risk and credit risk. In addition, because they react to changes in the value of the equity securities into which they will convert, convertible securities are also subject to the risks associated with equity securities.
• Foreign Securities Risk. International investing is subject to special risks, including, but not limited to, currency exchange rate volatility, political, social or economic instability, and differences in taxation, auditing and other financial practices.
• Low Volatility Risk. Although subject to the risks of common stocks, low volatility stocks are seen as having a lower risk profile than the overall markets. However, a portfolio comprised of low volatility stocks may not produce investment exposure that has lower variability to changes in such stocks' price levels. Investing in low volatility stocks may limit the Fund's gains in rising markets.
• Management Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk of poor stock selection. In other words, the individual stocks in the Fund may not perform as well as expected, and/or the Fund's portfolio management practices do not work to achieve their desired result.
• Market Risk. The net asset value ("NAV") of the Fund will change with changes in the market value of its portfolio positions. Investors may lose money. Although the Fund will invest in stocks the Adviser believes will produce less volatility, there is no guarantee that the stocks will perform as expected.
• Opportunity Risk. As with all mutual funds, the Fund is subject to the risk of missing out on an opportunity because the assets necessary to take advantage of it are tied up in less advantageous investments.
• Warrants Risk. The purchase of warrants involves the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of a warrant if the right to subscribe to additional shares is not executed prior to the warrant's expiration. Also, the purchase of warrants involves the risk that the effective price paid for the warrant added to the subscription price of the related security may exceed the value of the subscribed security's market price such as when there is no movement in the level of the underlying security.
Performance Information
Returns shown were generated under the management of the Fund’s former investment adviser and reflect a previous investment strategy. The Fund operated as a series of Scotia Institutional Funds prior to the close of business on March 21, 2014 (the "Predecessor Fund"). Before the Fund commenced operations, all of the assets and liabilities of the Predecessor Fund were transferred to the Fund in a tax-free reorganization (the "Reorganization"). The Reorganization occurred on March 21, 2014. As a result of the Reorganization, the Fund assumed the performance and accounting history of the Predecessor Fund prior to the date of the Reorganization. The performance shown for periods prior to March 21, 2014 is that of the Predecessor Fund. The bar chart and performance table below provide an indication of the risk of an investment in the Fund.
15
The Board approved the Adviser to serve as the Global Low Volatility Fund’s investment adviser effective January 1, 2017. Returns shown for periods prior to January 1, 2017 were generated under the management of the Global Low Volatility Fund’s former investment adviser.
The chart below illustrates the performance of the Fund’s Class I Shares. Performance for Class A Shares and Class C Shares is not shown because Class A Shares and Class C Shares had not commenced operations prior to the date of this Prospectus. The information shows you how the Fund's performance has varied year by year and provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The chart assumes reinvestment of dividends and distributions. As with all such investments, past performance (before and after taxes) is not an indication of future results. Performance reflects fee waivers in effect. If fee waivers were not in place, the Fund's performance would be reduced. Updated performance information may be obtained at www.summitglobalinvestments.com or by calling 855-744-8500
TOTAL RETURNS FOR THE CALENDAR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
Best
and Worst Quarterly Performance (for the period reflected in the chart above):
Best Quarter: 23.87% (quarter ended September 30, 2013)
Worst Quarter: -16.50% (quarter ended September 30, 2011)
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
The table below compares the Fund's Class I Shares average annual total returns for the periods indicated to the average annual total returns of broad-based securities market indices for the same periods. Past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indicator of how the Fund will perform in the future.
16
Average
Annual Total Returns for the
Periods Ended December 31, 2017 |
|||
Global Low Volatility Fund | 1 Year | 5 Years |
Since Inception (April 1, 2009)* |
Return Before Taxes | 24.60% | 12.71% | 18.25% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions (1) | 24.60% | 10.91% | 16.45% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | 13.92% | 9.47% | 14.58% |
MSCI ACWI Index (2) (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes) | 24.62% | 11.40% | 14.20% |
Russell 1000 ® Growth Index (2) (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes) | 30.21% | 17.33% | 18.42% |
* | While the Predecessor Fund commenced operations on March 31, 2009, the Predecessor Fund began investing consistent with its investment objective on April 1, 2009. |
(1) | After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts ("IRAs"). |
(2) | Effective January 2017, the Fund discontinued the use of the Russell 1000 ® Growth Index and replaced it with the MSCI ACWI Index. The Fund believes that use of the MSCI ACWI Index provides a better comparative benchmark since it more appropriately reflects the securities in which the Fund may invest. |
Management of the Fund
Investment Adviser
Summit Global Investments, LLC
Portfolio Managers
David
Harden
President of the Adviser
Portfolio Manager of the Fund since 2017
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
Minimum Initial Investment | Subsequent Minimum Investment | |
Class I | $1,000,000 | No minimum |
Class A | $2,500 | No minimum |
Class A (with automatic investment plan) | $1,000 | $100 per month |
Class C | $2,500 | No minimum |
Class C (with automatic investment plan) | $1,000 | $100 per month |
You can only purchase and redeem Shares of the Fund on days the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") is open. Shares of the Fund may be available through certain brokerage firms, financial institutions and other industry professionals (collectively, "Service Organizations"). Shares of the Fund may also be purchased and redeemed directly through The RBB Fund, Inc. by the means described below.
17
Purchase and Redemption by Mail:
Regular
Mail:
Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund
c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
P.O. Box 701
Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701
Overnight Delivery:
Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund
c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Purchase and Redemption by Wire:
Before sending any wire, call U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (the "Transfer Agent") at 855-744-8500 to confirm the current wire instructions for the Fund.
Redemption By Telephone:
If you select the option on your account application, you may call the Transfer Agent at 855-744-8500.
Tax Information
The Fund intends to make distributions that generally may be taxed at ordinary income or capital gains rates.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund Shares and other related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
18
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT EACH FUND’S INVESTMENTS AND RISKS
This section provides some additional information about the Funds’ investments and certain portfolio management techniques that the Funds may use. More information about the Funds’ investments and portfolio management techniques, and related risks, is included in the Statement of Additional Information ("SAI").
Investment Objectives
Each Fund's investment objective may be changed by the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of The RBB Fund, Inc. (the "Company") without shareholder approval. Shareholders will, however, receive 60 days' prior notice of any changes. Any such changes may result in a Fund having an investment objective different from the objective that the shareholder considered appropriate at the time of investment in the Fund.
SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS U.S. LOW VOLATILITY EQUITY FUND
The Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund (the “U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund”) invests in stocks that exhibit lower volatile stock price patterns strengthening business metrics and quantitative factors that the Adviser anticipates will produce lower volatility. The U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund may sell a stock if it no longer meets one or more investment criteria, including if the Adviser identifies fundamental, governance or legal risks or if the risk/return ranking declines due to increasing risk and/or decreasing return potential.
Portfolio Composition
The U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund has a policy to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets (including borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities, primarily common stocks, of companies within the Russell 1000 ® Index and S&P 500 ® Index (for this paragraph only, the "80% Policy"). This policy is non-fundamental and can be changed by the Board upon 60 days' prior notice to shareholders. The U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund must comply with its 80% Policy at the time the Fund invests its assets. Accordingly, when the U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund no longer meets the 80% requirement as a result of circumstances beyond its control, such as changes in the value of portfolio holdings, it would not have to sell its holdings, but any new investments it makes would be consistent with its 80% Policy.
SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS SMALL CAP LOW VOLATILITY FUND
The Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund (the “Small Cap Low Volatility Fund”) invests in stocks that exhibit lower volatile stock price patterns strengthening business metrics and quantitative factors that the Adviser anticipates will produce lower volatility. The Small Cap Low Volatility Fund may sell a stock if it no longer meets one or more investment criteria, including if the Adviser identifies fundamental, governance or legal risks or if the risk/return ranking declines due to increasing risk and/or decreasing return potential.
Portfolio Composition
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (including borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities, primarily common stocks of U.S. issuers with small market capitalizations (for this paragraph only, the "80% Policy"). A small market capitalization issuer generally is considered to be one whose market capitalization is, at the time the Fund makes the investment, similar to the market capitalization of companies in the Russell 2000 ® Index. The Russell 2000 ® Index is a small cap stock market index measuring the performance of approximately 2,000 small cap U.S. companies. As of February 28, 2018, the median market capitalization of this index was $847 million and the largest stock was $13.43 billion. This policy is non-fundamental and can be changed by the Board upon 60 days' prior notice to shareholders. The Small Cap Low Volatility Fund must comply with its 80% Policy at the time the Fund invests its assets. Accordingly, when the Small Cap Low Volatility Fund no longer meets the 80% requirement as a result of circumstances beyond its control, such as changes in the value of portfolio holdings, it would not have to sell its holdings, but any new investments it makes would be consistent with its 80% Policy.
19
SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS GLOBAL LOW VOLATILITY FUND
The Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund (the “Global Low Volatility Fund”) invests in both U.S. and foreign stocks that exhibit lower volatile stock price patterns strengthening business metrics and quantitative factors that the Adviser anticipates will produce lower volatility. The Global Low Volatility Fund may sell a stock if it no longer meets one or more investment criteria, including if the Adviser identifies fundamental, governance or legal risks or if the risk/return ranking declines due to increasing risk and/or decreasing return potential.
Portfolio Composition
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest significantly (ordinarily at least 40% - unless market conditions are not deemed favorable by the Adviser, in which case the Fund would invest at least 30%) in non-U.S. companies. The Fund defines non-U.S. companies as companies that (i) are organized under the laws of a foreign country; (ii) whose principal trading market is in a foreign country; or (iii) that have a majority of their assets or derive a significant portion of their revenue or profits from businesses, investments or sales, outside of the United States.
Additional Information About Each Fund's Principal Investments and Risks
Equity and Equity-Related Securities. Each Fund will invest in equity securities as part of its principal investment strategies, including exchange-traded and over-the-counter common and preferred stocks, warrants and convertible securities. Investments in equity securities are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. The value of a convertible security may not increase or decrease as rapidly as the underlying common stock. Common stocks may decline over short or even extended periods of time. The purchase of warrants involves the risk that a Fund could lose the purchase value of a warrant if the right to subscribe to additional shares is not executed prior to the warrant's expiration. The value of such securities convertible into equity securities, such as warrants or convertible debt, is also affected by prevailing interest rates, the credit quality of the issuer and any call provision. The market value of a portfolio holding may fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The prices of equity securities change in response to many factors, including the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer, the value of its assets, general economic conditions, interest rates, investor perceptions and market liquidity. Decreases in market value of a Fund's portfolio securities could adversely affect the Fund's NAV.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities have characteristics of both equity and fixed income securities. The value of a convertible security tends to move with the market value of the underlying stock, but may also be affected by interest rates, the credit quality of the issuer and any call provisions. In particular, when interest rates rise, fixed income securities will decline in value.
Portfolio Turnover. Each Fund may engage in active and frequent trading, resulting in high portfolio turnover. This may lead to the realization and distribution to shareholders of higher capital gains, increasing their tax liability. Frequent trading may also increase transaction costs, which could detract from a Fund's performance.
Mid-Cap Companies. The U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund may invest in mid-cap company securities as part of its principal investment strategies. Investing in securities of companies with mid-sized capitalizations tends to be riskier than investing in securities of companies with large capitalizations. Securities of companies with mid-sized capitalizations tend to be more volatile than those of large cap companies and, on occasion, may fluctuate in the opposite direction of large cap company securities or the broader stock market averages.
20
Other Investment Companies. Each Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in the securities of other investment companies not affiliated with the Adviser, but may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one investment company or acquire more than 3% of the voting securities of any other investment company. Among other things, a Fund may invest in money market mutual funds for cash management purposes by "sweeping" excess cash balances into such funds until the cash is invested or otherwise utilized. Rule 12d1-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, permits a Fund to invest an unlimited amount of its uninvested cash in a money market fund so long as, among other things, said investment is consistent with the Fund's investment objectives and policies. Each Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management fees and other expenses paid by investment companies in which it invests in addition to the advisory and administration fees paid by the Fund.
Foreign Investments . The Global Low Volatility Fund will invest in foreign investments as part of its principal investment strategies. International investing is subject to special risks, including political, social or economic instability, and differences in taxation, auditing and other financial practices. The Global Low Volatility Fund will invest in securities of foreign issuers that are traded or denominated in U.S. Dollars primarily through depositary receipts. Depositary receipts may be available through "sponsored" or "unsponsored" facilities. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all of the costs of the unsponsored facility. The depository of an unsponsored facility is frequently under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through, to the holders of the receipts, voting rights with respect to the deposited securities. The depository of unsponsored depositary receipts may provide less information to receipt holders.
Securities Lending. Each Fund may seek to increase its income by lending portfolio securities to institutions, such as certain broker-dealers. Portfolio securities loans are secured continuously by collateral maintained on a current basis at an amount at least equal to the market value of the securities loaned. The value of the securities loaned by a Fund will not exceed 33 1/3 % of the value of the Fund's total assets. A Fund may experience a loss or delay in the recovery of its securities if the borrowing institution breaches its agreement with the Fund. Lending a Fund's portfolio securities involves the risk of delay in receiving additional collateral if the value of the securities goes up while they are on loan. A Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral after the loan is made or recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.
Borrowing. Each Fund may borrow money for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes. A Fund will not make any additional investments while borrowings exceed 5% of its total assets.
Temporary Investments. Each Fund may depart from its principal investment strategy in response to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions by taking a temporary defensive position (up to 100% of its assets) in cash, cash equivalents and all types of money market and short-term debt securities. The value of money market instruments tends to fall when current interest rates rise. Money market instruments are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than longer-term securities. If a Fund were to take a temporary defensive position, it may be unable for a time to achieve its investment objective.
Broad-Based Securities Market Index
The S&P 500 ® Index is an unmanaged index composed of 500 common stocks, classified in eleven industry sectors, which represent approximately 75% of the U.S. equities market. The S&P 500 ® Index assigns relative values to the stocks included in the index, weighted according to each stock's total market value relative to the total market value of the other stocks included in the index.
The Russell 2000 ® Index is an unmanaged index that consists of the 2,000 smallest companies in the Russell 3000 ® Index and represents approximately 10% of the total market capitalization of the Russell 3000 ® Index.
The Russell 1000 ® Growth Index measures the performance of the large-cap growth segment of the U.S. equity universe. It includes those Russell 1000 companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. The Index is constructed to provide a comprehensive and unbiased barometer for the large-cap growth segment.
The MSCI ACWI Index captures large and mid cap representation across 23 Developed Markets (“DM”) and 24 Emerging Markets (“EM”) countries.
21
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
A description of the Company's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of each Fund's portfolio securities is available in the Funds’ SAI. The SAI is incorporated herein.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS
Investment Adviser
Summit Global Investments, LLC (the "Adviser") serves as the Funds’ investment adviser. The Adviser's principal address is 620 South Main St., Bountiful, Utah 84010. The Adviser provides investment management and investment advisory services to investment companies and other institutional accounts. The Adviser is 100% privately-owned, and was founded in 2010.
The Board approved the Adviser to serve as the Global Low Volatility Fund’s investment adviser effective January 1, 2017. Returns shown for periods prior to January 1, 2017 were generated under the management of the Global Low Volatility Fund’s former investment adviser.
Pursuant to an investment advisory agreement with the Company, the Adviser is entitled to an advisory fee computed daily and payable monthly at the annual rate of 0.70%, 0.95%, and 0.70% of the U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund's, the Small Cap Low Volatility Fund’s, and the Global Low Volatility Fund’s average daily net assets, respectively. Prior to March 24, 2017, the management fee was 0.65% for the Global Low Volatility Fund. The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive management fees and reimburse expenses through March 31, 2019 to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (excluding certain items discussed below) of the U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund exceed 0.98%, 1.23% and 1.98% of the Fund's average daily net assets attributable to Class I Shares, Class A Shares and Class C Shares, respectively. The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive management fees and reimburse expenses through March 31, 2019 to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (excluding certain items discussed below) of the Small Cap Low Volatility Fund exceed 1.23%, 1.48% and 2.23% of the Fund's average daily net assets attributable to Class I Shares, Class A and Class C Shares, respectively. The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive all or a portion of its advisory fee and reimburse expenses in order to keep Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (excluding certain items discussed below) of the Global Low Volatility Fund from exceeding 0.84% of the average daily net assets attributable to Class I Shares, 1.09% of the average daily net assets attributable to Class A Shares and 1.84% of the average daily net assets attributable to Class C Shares until March 31, 2019.
In determining the Adviser's obligation to waive advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses with respect to the U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund, the following expenses are not taken into account and could cause net Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses for Class I Shares, Class A Shares and Class C Shares, respectively, to exceed 0.98%, 1.23% or 1.98%, as applicable: acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest or taxes. This contractual limitation may not be terminated before March 31, 2019 without the approval of the Board. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, after waivers, the Adviser received 0.54% of the U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund's average net assets in investment advisory fees from the Fund. Had fee waivers not been in place, the Adviser would have received 0.70% of the Fund's average net assets in advisory fees from the Fund.
In determining the Adviser's obligation to waive advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses with respect to the Small Cap Low Volatility Fund, the following expenses are not taken into account and could cause net Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses for Class I Shares, Class A and Class C Shares, respectively, to exceed 1.23%, 1.48% or 2.23%, as applicable: acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest or taxes. This contractual limitation may not be terminated before March 31, 2019 without the approval of the Board. If at any time the Fund's Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses with respect to Class I Shares, Class A Shares and Class C Shares for that year are less than 1.23%, 1.48% or 2.23%, as applicable, the Adviser is entitled to reimbursement by the Fund of the advisory fees forgone and other payments remitted by the Adviser to the Fund within three years from the date on which such waiver or reimbursement was made. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, after waivers, the Adviser received 0.00% of the Small Cap Low Volatility Fund’s average net assets in investment advisory fees from the Fund. Had fee waivers not been in place, the Adviser would have received 0.95% of the Fund’s average net assets in advisory fees from the Fund.
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In determining the Adviser's obligation to waive advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses with respect to the Global Low Volatility Fund, the following expenses are not taken into account and could cause net Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses for Class I Shares, Class A and Class C Shares, respectively, to exceed 0.84%, 1.09% or 1.84%, as applicable: acquired fund fees and expenses, short sale dividend expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest or taxes. This contractual limitation may not be terminated before March 31, 2019 without the approval of the Board. If at any time the Fund's Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses with respect to Class I Shares, Class A Shares and Class C Shares for that year are less than 0.84%, 1.09% or 1.84%, as applicable, the Adviser is entitled to reimbursement by the Fund of the advisory fees forgone and other payments remitted by the Adviser to the Fund within three years from the date on which such waiver or reimbursement was made. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, after waivers, the Adviser received 0.19% of the Global Low Volatility Fund’s average net assets in investment advisory fees from the Fund. Had fee waivers not been in place, the Adviser would have received 0.70% of the Fund’s average net assets in advisory fees from the Fund.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the investment advisory agreements for the U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund, the Small Cap Low Volatility Fund, and the Global Low Volatility Fund with the Adviser is available in the Funds’ annual report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.
Portfolio Managers
The President of the Adviser, David Harden, is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund's investment portfolio. Mr. Harden founded the Adviser in 2010, and has managed the U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund and Small Cap Low Volatility Fund since their inception dates of February 29, 2012 and March 31, 2016, respectively. Mr. Harden has managed the Global Low Volatility Fund since January 1, 2017. He started his career in 1993 and has worked for such firms as Fidelity Investments, Wellington Management and Evergreen Investments. From 2007 to 2012, Mr. Harden worked with Ensign Peak Advisors, Inc., most recently as Vice President and Senior Portfolio Manager, where he managed and oversaw day-to-day research, portfolio management and trading for all index, quantitative and low volatility strategies.
Richard Thawley is a Portfolio Manager of the Adviser and is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Small Cap Low Volatility Fund’s portfolio. Mr. Thawley joined the Adviser in 2013 as an Investment Analyst. Mr. Thawley has a BS from Brigham Young University. From 2009 to 2010, Mr. Thawley worked as a marketing analyst at Aegon, N.V. From 2010 to 2011, he worked as an analyst at Provident Generation. From 2012 to 2013, Mr. Thawley worked at BYU Broadcasting as a research analyst.
The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers' compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and the portfolio managers' ownership of shares of the Funds.
Pricing of Fund Shares
Class I Shares and Class C Shares of the Funds are sold at their net asset value ("NAV"). Class A Shares of the Funds are sold at their NAV, plus a front-end sales charge, if applicable. The NAV per share of each class of shares of the Funds is calculated as follows:
Each Fund's NAV is calculated once daily at the close of regular trading hours on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) on each day the NYSE is open. The NYSE is generally open Monday through Friday, except national holidays. The NYSE also may be closed on national days of mourning or due to natural disaster or other extraordinary events or emergency. Due to the fact that different expenses are charged to each Class of shares, the NAV of each Class of a Fund may vary. A Fund will effect purchases of Fund shares at the NAV next calculated after receipt by the Transfer Agent of your purchase order in good order. The Funds will effect redemptions of Fund shares at the NAV next calculated after receipt by the Transfer Agent of your redemption request in good order.
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A Fund's equity securities listed on any national or foreign exchange market system will be valued at the last sale price, except for the National Association of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotation System ("NASDAQ"). Equity securities listed on the NASDAQ will be valued at the official closing price. Equity securities traded in the over-the-counter market are valued at their closing prices. If there were no transactions on that day, equity securities will be valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices prior to the market close. Fixed income securities are valued using an independent pricing service, which considers such factors as security prices, yields, maturities and ratings, and deemed representative of market values at the close of the market.
Investments in other open-end investment companies are valued based on the NAV of those investment companies (which may use fair value pricing as discussed in their prospectuses). Investments in exchange-traded and closed-end funds will be valued at their market price.
If market quotations are unavailable or deemed unreliable by the Funds’ administrator, in consultation with the Adviser, securities will be valued by the Adviser in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board and under the Board’s ultimate supervision. Relying on prices supplied by pricing services or dealers or using fair valuation involves the risk that the values used by a Fund to price its investments may be higher or lower than the values used by other investment companies and investors to price the same investments.
Sales Charges — Class A Shares ONLY
General. Purchases of Class A Shares of the Funds are subject to a front-end sales charge of up to five and one-quarter percent (5.25%) of the total purchase price; however, sales charges may be reduced for large purchases as indicated below. Sales charges are not imposed on shares that are purchased with reinvested dividends or other distributions. The table below indicates the front-end sales charge as a percentage of both the offering price and the net amount invested. The term "offering price" includes the front-end sales charge.
Amount of Purchase of Class A Shares |
Sales Charge as a
% of Offering Price |
Commission as a
% of Offering Price |
Less than $50,000 | 5.25% | 4.75% |
At least $50,000 but less than $100,000 | 4.75% | 4.25% |
At least $100,000 but less than $250,000 | 3.50% | 3.25% |
At least $250,000 but less than $500,000 | 2.50% | 2.25% |
At least $500,000 but less than $750,000 | 2.00% | 1.90% |
At least $750,000 but less than $1,000,000 | 1.50% | 1.45% |
$1,000,000 or greater | None* | ** |
* | No sales charge is payable at the time of purchase on investments of $1,000,000 or more; however, a 1% contingent deferred sales charge is imposed in the event of redemption within 18 months following any such purchase. See the section entitled "Contingent Deferred Sales Charge on Certain Redemptions." |
** | Brokers who initiate and are responsible for purchases of $1,000,000 or more may receive a commission of up to 1% of the offering price of Class A Shares. |
Rights of Accumulation. You will have the benefit of a reduced sales charge by combining your purchase of Class A shares of a Fund in a single transaction with your purchase of Class A shares of another Fund. You may also combine your new purchase of Class A shares of a Fund with Class C shares currently owned for the purpose of qualifying for the lower initial sales charge rates that apply to larger purchases. The applicable sales charge for the new purchase is based on the total of your current purchase and the current NAV of all other shares you own. You may combine your account, your spouse’s account, and the account(s) of your children under age 25.
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This privilege is also extended to certain employee benefit plans and trust estates. The following purchases may be combined for purposes of determining the “Amount of Purchase:” (a) individual purchases, if made at the same time, by a single purchaser, the purchaser’s spouse and children under the age of 25 purchasing Shares for their own accounts, including Shares purchased by a qualified retirement plan(s) exclusively for the benefit of such individual(s) (such as an IRA, individual-type section 403(b) plan or single-participant Keogh-type plan) or by a “Company,” as defined in Section 2(a)(8) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), solely controlled, as defined in the 1940 Act, by such individual(s), or (b) individual purchases by trustees or other fiduciaries purchase Shares (i) for a single trust estate or a single fiduciary account, including an employee benefit plan, or (ii) concurrently by two or more employee benefit plans for a single employer or of employers affiliated with each other in accordance with Section 2(a)(3)(c) of the 1940 Act (excluding in either case an employee benefit plan described in (a) above), provided such trustees or other fiduciaries purchase Shares in a single payment. Purchases made for nominee or street name accounts may not be combined with purchases made for such other accounts. You may also further discuss Rights of Accumulation with your investment broker, brokerage firm, financial institution, or other industry professional, including affiliates of the Adviser (collectively, “Service Organizations”).
You will need to provide written instruction with respect to the other accounts whose purchases should be considered in rights of accumulation.
Letter of Intent. By signing a Letter of Intent (LOI) you can reduce your Class A sales charge. Your individual purchases will be made at the applicable sales charge based on the amount you intend to invest over a 13-month period. The LOI will apply to all purchases of the Funds’ Class A shares. Any shares purchased within 90 days of the date you sign the letter of intent may be used as credit toward completion, but the reduced sales charge will only apply to new purchases made on or after that date. Purchases resulting from the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains do not apply toward fulfillment of the LOI. Shares equal to 5.25% of the amount of the LOI will be held in escrow during the 13-month period. If, at the end of that time the total amount of purchases made is less than the amount intended, you will be required to pay the difference between the reduced sales charge and the sales charge applicable to the individual purchases had the LOI not been in effect. This amount will be obtained from redemption of the escrow shares. Any remaining escrow shares will be released to you.
If you establish an LOI with the Funds, you can aggregate your accounts as well as accounts defined in the Combined Purchase Privilege section of the prospectus. You will need to provide written instruction with respect to the other accounts whose purchases should be considered in fulfillment of the LOI.
Sales Charge Waivers. The Funds sell Class A Shares at NAV without imposition of a sales charge to the following persons:
• current and retired (as determined by the Adviser) employees of the Adviser and its affiliates, their spouses and children under the age of 25 and employee benefit plans for such employees, provided orders for such purchases are placed by the employee;
• any other investment company in connection with the combination of such company with the Fund by merger, acquisition of assets or otherwise;
• Directors of the Company and registered representatives of Service Organizations;
• existing advisory clients of the Adviser on purchases effected by transferring all or a portion of their investment management or trust account to the Fund, provided that such account had been maintained for a period of six months prior to the date of purchase of Fund shares;
• trust companies, bank trust departments and registered investment advisers purchasing for accounts over which they exercise investment authority and which are held in a fiduciary, agency, advisory, custodial or similar capacity, provided that the amount collectively invested or to be invested in the Fund by such entity or adviser during the subsequent 13-month period totals at least $50,000;
• employer-sponsored retirement plans with assets of at least $50,000 or 25 or more eligible participants; and
• accounts established under a fee-based program sponsored and maintained by a registered broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and approved by the Distributor.
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In order to take advantage of a sales charge waiver, a purchaser must certify to the Service Organization eligibility for a waiver and must notify the Service Organization whenever eligibility for a waiver ceases to exist. A Service Organization reserves the right to request additional information from a purchaser in order to verify that such purchaser is so eligible. Such information may include account statements or other records regarding shares of the Fund held by you or your immediate family household members.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge on Certain Redemptions. Purchases of $1,000,000 or more are not subject to an initial sales charge; however, a contingent deferred sales charge is payable on these investments in the event of a share redemption within 18 months following the share purchase, at the rate of 1% of the lesser of the value of the shares redeemed (exclusive of reinvested dividends and capital gain distributions) or the total cost of such shares. In determining whether a contingent deferred sales charge is payable, and the amount of the charge, it is assumed that shares purchased with reinvested dividends and capital gain distributions and then other shares held the longest are the first redeemed. The contingent deferred sales charge is further discussed in the SAI.
Market Timing
In accordance with the policy adopted by its Board, the Company discourages and does not accommodate market timing and other excessive trading practices. Purchases should be made with a view to longer-term investment only. Excessive short-term (market timing) trading practices may disrupt portfolio management strategies, increase brokerage and administrative costs, harm Fund performance and result in dilution in the value of Fund Shares held by long-term shareholders. The Company and the Adviser reserve the right to (i) reject a purchase or exchange order, (ii) delay payment of immediate cash redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days, (iii) revoke a shareholder's privilege to purchase Fund Shares (including exchanges), or (iv) limit the amount of any exchange involving the purchase of Fund Shares. An investor may receive notice that their purchase order or exchange has been rejected after the day the order is placed or after acceptance by a financial intermediary. It is currently expected that a shareholder would receive notice that its purchase order or exchange has been rejected within 48 hours after such purchase order or exchange has been received by the Company in good order. The Company and the Adviser will not be liable for any loss resulting from rejected purchase orders. To minimize harm to the Company and its shareholders (or the Adviser), the Company (or the Adviser) will exercise its right if, in the Company's (or the Adviser's) judgment, an investor has a history of excessive trading or if an investor's trading, in the judgment of the Company (or the Adviser), has been or may be disruptive to a Fund. No waivers of the provisions of the policy established to detect and deter market timing and other excessive trading activity are permitted that would harm a Fund and its shareholders or would subordinate the interests of a Fund and its shareholders to those of the Adviser or any affiliated person or associated person of the Adviser.
There is no assurance that the Adviser will be able to identify market timers, particularly if they are investing through intermediaries.
If necessary, the Company may prohibit additional purchases of Fund shares by a financial intermediary or by certain customers of the financial intermediary. Financial intermediaries may also monitor their customers' trading activities in the Funds. The criteria used by intermediaries to monitor for excessive trading may differ from the criteria used by the Company. If a financial intermediary fails to enforce the Company's excessive trading policies, the Company may take certain actions, including terminating the relationship.
Purchase of Fund Shares
Shares representing interests in a Fund are offered continuously for sale by Quasar Distributors, LLC (the "Distributor").
The Board has approved a Distribution Agreement and adopted Plans of Distribution for Class A Shares and Class C Shares (the "Plans") pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. Under the Plans, the Distributor is entitled to receive from each respective Fund a distribution fee with respect to Class A Shares and Class C Shares of the Funds, which is accrued daily and paid monthly, of up to 0.25% on an annualized basis of the average daily net assets of the Class A Shares and of up to 1.00% on an annualized basis of the average daily net assets of the Class C Shares. The actual amount of such compensation under the Plans is agreed upon by the Board and by the Distributor. Because these fees are paid out of each respective Fund's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment in Class A Shares and Class C Shares and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
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Amounts paid to the Distributor under the Plans may be used by the Distributor to cover expenses that are related to (i) the sale of Class A Shares and Class C Shares, (ii) ongoing servicing and/or maintenance of the accounts of Class A and Class C shareholders, and (iii) sub-transfer agency services, subaccounting services or administrative services related to the sale of Class A Shares and Class C Shares, all as set forth in the Plans. Ongoing servicing and/or maintenance of the accounts of Class A and Class C shareholders may include updating and mailing prospectuses and shareholder reports, responding to inquiries regarding shareholder accounts and acting as agent or intermediary between shareholders and the respective Fund or its service providers. The Distributor may delegate some or all of these functions to Service Organizations. See "Purchases Through Intermediaries" below.
The Plans obligate each respective Fund, during the period it is in effect, to accrue and pay to the Distributor on behalf of the Class A Shares and Class C Shares the fee agreed to under the Distribution Agreement. Payments under the Plans are not tied exclusively to expenses actually incurred by the Distributor, and the payments may exceed distribution expenses actually incurred.
Purchases Through Intermediaries. Shares of the Funds may also be available through Service Organizations. Certain features of the shares, such as the initial and subsequent investment minimums and certain trading restrictions, may be modified or waived by Service Organizations. Service Organizations may impose transaction or administrative charges or other direct fees, which charges and fees would not be imposed if shares are purchased directly from the Company. Therefore, you should contact the Service Organization acting on your behalf concerning the fees (if any) charged in connection with a purchase or redemption of shares and should read this Prospectus in light of the terms governing your accounts with the Service Organization. Service Organizations will be responsible for promptly transmitting client or customer purchase and redemption orders to the Company in accordance with their agreements with the Company or its agent and with clients or customers. Service Organizations or, if applicable, their designees that have entered into agreements with the Company or its agent may enter confirmed purchase orders on behalf of clients and customers, with payment to follow no later than the Company's pricing on the following Business Day. If payment is not received by such time, the Service Organization could be held liable for resulting fees or losses. The Company will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when a Service Organization, or, if applicable, its authorized designee, accepts a purchase or redemption order in good order if the order is actually received by the Company in good order not later than the next business morning. If a purchase order is not received by a Fund in good order, the Transfer Agent will contact the financial intermediary to determine the status of the purchase order. Orders received by the Company in good order will be priced at the appropriate Fund's NAV, plus any applicable sales charge, next computed after they are deemed to have been received by the Service Organization or its authorized designee.
For administration, sub-accounting, transfer agency and/or other services, the Adviser, the Distributor or their affiliates may pay Service Organizations and certain recordkeeping organizations a fee (the "Service Fee") relating to the average annual NAV of accounts with the Company maintained by such Service Organizations or recordkeepers. The Service Fee payable to any one Service Organization is determined based upon a number of factors, including the nature and quality of services provided, the operations processing requirements of the relationship and the standardized fee schedule of the Service Organization or recordkeeper.
General. You may also purchase shares of the Funds at the NAV per share, plus any applicable sales charge, next calculated after your order is received by the Transfer Agent in good order as described below. Each Fund's NAV is calculated once daily at the close of regular trading hours on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) on each day the NYSE is open. After an initial purchase is made, the Transfer Agent will set up an account for you on the Company's records. The minimum initial investment in the Funds is $1,000,000 for Class I Shares. The minimum initial investment in the Funds for Class A Shares and Class C Shares is $2,500 ($1,000 if investing as part of an automatic investment plan). Investors in Class A Shares and Class C Shares under the Automatic Investment Plan must invest at least $100 on a monthly basis via the Automatic Investment Plan until they reach $2,500. The minimum initial investment requirements may be reduced or waived from time to time. For purposes of meeting the minimum initial purchase, purchases by clients which are part of endowments, foundations or other related groups may be combined. You can only purchase shares of the Funds on days the NYSE is open and through the means described below. Shares may be purchased by principals and employees of the Adviser and its subsidiaries and by their spouses and children either directly or through any trust that has the principal, employee, spouse or child as the primary beneficiaries, their individual retirement accounts, or any pension and profit-sharing plan of the Adviser and its subsidiaries without being subject to the minimum investment limitations.
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Initial Investment By Mail. Subject to acceptance by the Funds, an account may be opened by completing and signing an Account Application and mailing it to the Transfer Agent at the address noted below, together with a check payable to the Fund that you are purchasing. All checks must be in U.S. Dollars drawn on a domestic bank. The Funds will not accept payment in cash or money orders. The Funds do not accept post-dated checks or any conditional order or payment. To prevent check fraud, the Funds will not accept third party checks, Treasury checks, credit card checks, traveler’s checks or starter checks for the purchase of shares.
Regular Mail: | Overnight Mail: |
Summit Global Investments Funds | Summit Global Investments Funds |
c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC | c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC |
P.O. Box 701 | 615 East Michigan Street |
Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701 | Milwaukee, WI 53202-5207 |
The Funds do not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be their agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services, or receipt at U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC post office box, of purchase orders or redemption requests does not constitute receipt by the Transfer Agent of the Fund. Receipt of purchase orders or redemption requests is based on when the order is received at the Transfer Agent’s offices.
Shares will be purchased at the NAV plus any applicable sales charges next computed after the time the application and funds are received in proper order and accepted by the Funds. The Transfer Agent will charge a $25 fee against a shareholder’s account, in addition to any loss sustained by the Funds, for any payment that is returned. It is the policy of the Funds not to accept applications under certain circumstances or in amounts considered disadvantageous to shareholders. The Funds reserve the right to reject any application.
Initial Investment By Wire . If you are making your first investment in the Funds, before you wire funds, the Transfer Agent must have a completed account application. You may mail or overnight deliver your account application to the Transfer Agent. Upon receipt of your completed account application, the Transfer Agent will establish an account for you. The account number assigned will be required as part of the instruction that should be provided to your bank to send the wire. Your bank must include both the name of the Fund you are purchasing, the account number, and your name so that monies can be correctly applied. Your bank should transmit funds by wire to:
Wire Instructions:
U.S. Bank National Association
777 East Wisconsin Ave
Milwaukee WI 53202
ABA 075000022
Credit:
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services
Account #112-952-137
For Further Credit to:
[Summit Fund Name]
(shareholder registration)
(shareholder account number)
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Wired funds must be received prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern time to be eligible for same day pricing. The Funds and U.S. Bank, N.A. are not responsible for the consequences of delays resulting from the banking or Federal Reserve wire system, or from incomplete wiring instructions.
Subsequent Investments – By Wire. Before sending your wire, please contact the Transfer Agent to advise them of your intent to wire funds. This will ensure prompt and accurate credit upon receipt of your wire.
Telephone Purchase. Investors may purchase additional shares of the Funds by calling 1-855-744-8500. If you did not decline this option on your account application, and your account has been open for at least 15 calendar days, telephone orders, in amounts of $100 or more, will be accepted via electronic funds transfer from your bank account through the Automated Clearing House (ACH) network. You must have banking information established on your account prior to making a purchase. If you order is received prior to 4 p.m. Eastern time, your shares will be purchased at the net asset value calculated on the day your order is placed.
In order to arrange for telephone options after an account has been opened or to change your bank account, a written request must be sent to the transfer agent. The request must be signed by each shareholder of the account and may require a signature guarantee, signature verification from a Signature Validation Program member, or other form of signature authentication from a financial institution source.
Additional Investments. Additional investments may be made at any time by purchasing shares at the NAV per share plus any applicable sales charge of a Fund by mailing a check to the Transfer Agent at the address noted above under “Investment by Mail” or by wiring as outlined above under “Investment by Wire”. Initial and additional purchases made by check cannot be redeemed until payment of the purchase has been collected. This may take up to 15 calendar days from the purchase date.
Automatic Investment Plan. Once your account has been opened with the initial minimum investment you may make additional purchases at regular intervals through an automatic investment plan (the “Automatic Investment Plan”). The Automatic Investment Plan provides a convenient method to have monies deducted from your bank account, for investment into a Fund, on a monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis. Investors in Class A Shares and Class C Shares under the Automatic Investment Plan must invest at least $100 on a monthly basis via the Automatic Investment Plan until they reach $2,500. In order to participate in the Automatic Investment Plan, your financial institution must be a member of the Automated Clearing House (ACH) network. Minimum monthly payments are $100 for Class A Shares and Class C Shares and $1,000 for Institutional Class Shares. If your bank rejects your payment, the Funds’ transfer agent will charge a $25 fee to your account. To begin participating in the Automatic Investment Plan, please complete the Automatic Investment Plan section on the account application or call the Funds’ transfer agent at 1-855-744-8500. Any request to change or terminate your Automatic Investment Plan should be submitted to the Transfer Agent five (5) days prior to effective date.
Retirement Plans/IRA Accounts. The Funds offer prototype documents for a variety of retirement accounts for individuals and small businesses. Please call 1-855-744-8500 for information on:
● | Individual Retirement Plan, including Traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs |
● | Small Business Retirement Plans, including Simple IRAs and SEP IRAs |
● | Coverdell Education Savings Accounts |
There may be special distribution requirements for a retirement account, such as required distributions or mandatory Federal income tax withholding. For more information, call the number listed above. You may be charged a $15 annual account maintenance fee for each retirement account up to a maximum of $30 annually and a $25 fee for transferring assets to another custodian or for closing a retirement account.
Purchases in Kind. In certain circumstances, Shares of the Funds may be purchased "in kind" (i.e. in exchange for securities, rather than cash). The securities rendered in connection with an in-kind purchase must be liquid securities that are not restricted as to transfer and have a value that is readily ascertainable in accordance with the Company's valuation procedures. Securities accepted by a Fund will be valued, as set forth in this Prospectus, as of the time of the next determination of NAV after such acceptance. The Shares of the Fund that are issued to the investor in exchange for the securities will be determined as of the same time. All dividends, subscriptions, or other rights that are reflected in the market price of accepted securities at the time of valuation become the property of the Fund and must be delivered to the Fund by the investor upon receipt from the issuer. A Fund will not accept securities in exchange for its Shares unless such securities are, at the time of the exchange, eligible to be held by the Fund and satisfy such other conditions as may be imposed by the Adviser or the Company. Purchases in-kind may result in the recognition of gain or loss for federal income tax purposes on securities transferred to the Funds.
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Other Purchase Information. The Company reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to suspend the offering of shares or to reject purchase orders when, in the judgment of management, such suspension or rejection is in the best interest of the Funds. The Adviser will monitor each Fund’s total assets and may, subject to Board approval, decide to close a Fund at any time to new investments or to new accounts due to concerns that a significant increase in the size of the Fund may adversely affect the implementation of the Fund's strategy. The Adviser, subject to Board approval, may also choose to reopen a Fund to new investments at any time, and may subsequently close the Fund again should concerns regarding the Fund's size recur. If a Fund closes to new investments, the Fund may be offered only to certain existing shareholders of the Fund and certain other persons who may be subject to cumulative, maximum purchase amounts, as follows:
a. persons who already hold shares of the closed Fund directly or through accounts maintained by brokers by arrangement with the Adviser;
b. employees of the Adviser and their spouses, parents and children; and
c. Directors of the Company.
Distributions to all shareholders of a closed Fund will continue to be reinvested unless a shareholder elects otherwise. The Adviser, subject to the Board’s discretion, reserves the right to implement specific purchase limitations at the time of closing, including limitations on current shareholders.
Purchases of a Fund's shares will be made in full and fractional shares of the Fund calculated to three decimal places. Certificates for shares will not be issued.
Shares may be purchased and subsequent investments may be made by principals and employees of the Adviser and their family members, either directly or through their IRAs and by any pension and profit-sharing plan of the Adviser, without being subject to the minimum investment limitation.
The Adviser is authorized to waive the minimum initial and subsequent investment requirements.
Good Order. A purchase request is considered to be in good order when all necessary information is provided and all required documents are properly completed, signed and delivered (i.e. the purchase request includes the name of the Fund; the dollar amount of shares to be purchased; your account application or investment stub; and a check payable to the Fund). Purchase requests not in good order may be rejected.
Customer Identification Program. Federal law requires the Company to obtain, verify and record identifying information, which may include the name, residential or business street address, date of birth (for an individual), social security or taxpayer identification number or other identifying information for each investor who opens or reopens an account with the Company. Mailing addresses containing only a P. O. Box will not be accepted. Effective May 11, 2018, if you are opening the account in the name of a legal entity ( e.g ., partnership, limited liability company, business trust, corporation, etc.), you must also supply the identity of the beneficial owners. If you need additional assistance when completing your account application, please contact the Transfer Agent at 1-855-744-8500.
Applications without the required information, may not be accepted. After acceptance, to the extent permitted by applicable law or its customer identification program, the Company reserves the right (a) to place limits on transactions in any account until the identity of the investor is verified; or (b) to refuse an investment in a Company portfolio or to involuntarily redeem an investor's shares and close an account in the event that an investor's identity is not verified. The Company and its agents will not be responsible for any loss in an investor's account resulting from the investor's delay in providing all required identifying information or from closing an account and redeeming an investor's shares when an investor's identity cannot be verified.
30
Redemption of Fund Shares
You may redeem shares of the Funds at the next NAV calculated after a redemption request is received by the Transfer Agent in good order. A Fund's NAV is calculated once daily at the close of regular trading hours on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) on each day the NYSE is open. You can only redeem shares of a Fund on days the NYSE is open and through the means described below.
You may redeem shares of a Fund by mail, or, if you are authorized, by telephone. The value of shares redeemed may be more or less than the purchase price, depending on the market value of the investment securities held by the Fund.
Redemption By Mail. Your redemption requests should be addressed to [Summit Fund Name], c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0701, or for overnight delivery to [Summit Fund Name], c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 and must include:
A signature guarantee, from either a Medallion program member or a non-Medallion program member, is required to redeem shares in the following situations:
● | If ownership is being changed on your account; |
● | When redemption proceeds are payable or sent to any person, address or bank account not on record; and |
● | If a change of address was received by the Transfer Agent within the last 15 calendar days. |
The Funds may waive any of the above requirements in certain instances. In addition to the situations described above, the Funds and/or the Transfer Agent reserve the right to require a signature guarantee in other instances based on the circumstances relative to the particular situation.
Non financial transactions, including establishing or modifying certain services on an account, may require a signature guarantee, signature verification from a Signature Validation Program member, or other acceptable form of authentication from a financial institution source.
Signature guarantees will generally be accepted from domestic banks, brokers, dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations, as well as from participants in the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program and the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (“STAMP”). A notary public is not an acceptable signature guarantor.
The Funds do not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be their agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services, or receipt at U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC’s post office box, of purchase orders or redemption requests does not constitute receipt by the Transfer Agent of the Funds. Receipt of purchase orders or redemption requests is based on when the order is received at the Transfer Agent’s offices.
Redemption By Telephone. If you did not decline telephone options on your account application, you may initiate a redemption of shares in the amount up to the total value of the account by calling the Transfer Agent at 1-855-744-8500.
Investors may have a check sent to the address of record, proceeds may be wired to a shareholder’s bank account of record, or funds may be sent via electronic funds transfer through the Automated Clearing House (ACH) network, also to the bank account of record. Wires are subject to a $15 fee paid by the investor, but the investor does not incur any charge when proceeds are sent via the ACH system. Once a telephone transaction has been placed, it cannot be canceled or modified after the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time)
31
In order to arrange for telephone options after an account has been opened or to change your bank account, a written request must be sent to the Transfer Agent. The request must be signed by each shareholder of the account and may require a signature guarantee, signature verification from a Signature Validation Program member, or other form of signature authentication from a financial institution source.
Telephone trades must be received by or prior to market close. During periods of high market activity, shareholders may encounter higher than usual call waits. Please allow sufficient time to place your telephone transaction.
Before executing an instruction received by telephone, the Transfer Agent will use reasonable procedures to confirm that the telephone instructions are genuine. The telephone call may be recorded and the caller may be asked to verify certain personal identification information. If the Funds or their agents follow these procedures, they cannot be held liable for any loss, expense or cost arising out of any telephone redemption request that is reasonably believed to be genuine. This includes fraudulent or unauthorized requests. If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, the Funds will accept telephone instructions from any one owner or authorized person.
IRA and other retirement plan redemptions
If you have an IRA, you must indicate on your written redemption request whether or not to withhold federal income tax. Redemption requests failing to indicate an election to have tax withheld will be subject to 10% withholding.
Shares held in IRA accounts may be redeemed by telephone at 1-855-744-8500. Investors will be asked whether or not to withhold taxes from any distribution.
Other Redemption Information. Redemption proceeds for shares of a Fund recently purchased by check may not be distributed until payment for the purchase has been collected, which may take up to fifteen calendar days from the purchase date. Shareholders can avoid this delay by utilizing the wire purchase option. Redemption proceeds will ordinarily be paid within seven business days after a redemption request is received by the Transfer Agent in good order. The Company may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date at times when the NYSE or the bond market is closed or under any emergency circumstances as determined by the SEC. The Fund typically expects to meet redemption requests by paying out proceeds from cash or cash equivalent holdings, or by selling portfolio securities. In stressed market conditions, redemption methods may include redeeming in kind.
If the Board determines that it would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders of a Fund to make payment wholly or partly in cash, redemption proceeds may be paid in whole or in part by an in-kind distribution of readily marketable securities held by the Fund instead of cash in conformity with applicable rules of the SEC. Investors generally will incur brokerage charges on the sale of portfolio securities so received in the payment of redemptions. If a shareholder receives redemption proceeds in-kind, the shareholder will bear the market risk of the securities received in the redemption until their disposition and should expect to incur transaction costs upon the disposition of the securities. The Company has elected, however, to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, so that each Fund is obligated to redeem its shares solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of its NAV during any 90-day period for any one shareholder of the Fund.
Good Order. A redemption request is considered to be in good order when your request includes: (1) the name of the Fund, (2) the number of shares or dollar amount to be redeemed, (3) the account number and (4) signatures by all of the shareholders whose names appear on the account registration, all necessary information is provided and all required documents are properly completed, signed and delivered. Redemption requests not in good order may be delayed.
Involuntary Redemption. The Funds reserve the right to redeem your account at any time the value of the account falls below $500 as the result of a redemption or an exchange request.
32
You will be notified in writing that the value of your account is less than $500 and will be allowed 30 days to make additional investments before the redemption is processed.
The Funds may assert the right to redeem your shares at current NAV at any time and without prior notice if, and to the extent that, such redemption is necessary to reimburse a Fund for any loss sustained by reason of your failure to make full payment for shares of the Fund you previously purchased or subscribed for.
Dividends and Distributions
Each Fund will distribute substantially all of the net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, of the Fund to the Fund's shareholders. All distributions are reinvested in the form of additional full and fractional shares unless you elect otherwise.
Each Fund will declare and pay dividends from net investment income annually. Net realized capital gains (including net short-term capital gains), if any, will be distributed at least annually.
The ex-dividend, record and payable dates of any annual distribution will be available by calling 855-744-8500.
All distributions are reinvested in the form of additional full and fractional shares unless you elect one the following options: (1) receive dividends in cash while reinvesting capital gain distributions in additional Fund shares; (2) receive capital gain distributions in cash while reinvesting dividends in additional Fund shares; or (3) receive all distributions in cash. If you elect to receive distributions and/or capital gains paid in cash, and the U.S. Postal Service cannot deliver the check, or if a check remains outstanding for six months, the Funds reserve the right to reinvest the distribution check in your account, at a Fund's current net asset value, and to reinvest all subsequent distributions. You may change the distribution option on your account as any time. You should notify the Transfer Agent in writing or by telephone at least five (5) days prior to the next distribution.
Taxes
The following is a summary of certain United States tax considerations relevant under current law, which may be subject to change in the future. Except where otherwise indicated, the discussion relates to investors who are individual United States citizens or residents. You should consult your tax adviser for further information regarding federal, state, local and/or foreign tax consequences relevant to your specific situation.
Distributions. Each Fund contemplates distributing as dividends each year all or substantially all of its taxable income, including its net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss). Except as otherwise discussed below, you will be subject to federal income tax on Fund distributions regardless of whether they are paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares. Fund distributions attributable to short-term capital gains and net investment income will generally be taxable to you as ordinary income, except as discussed below.
Distributions attributable to the net capital gain of a Fund will be taxable to you as long-term capital gain, no matter how long you have owned your Fund shares. The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals, estates, and trusts is currently 23.8% (which includes a 3.8% Medicare tax). You will be notified annually of the tax status of distributions to you.
Distributions of "qualifying dividends" will also generally be taxable to you at long-term capital gain rates, as long as certain requirements are met. In general, if 95% or more of the gross income of a Fund (other than net capital gain) consists of dividends received from domestic corporations or "qualified" foreign corporations ("qualifying dividends"), then all distributions paid by the Fund to individual shareholders will be taxed at long-term capital gains rates. But if less than 95% of the gross income of a Fund (other than net capital gain) consists of qualifying dividends, then distributions paid by the Fund to individual shareholders will be qualifying dividends only to the extent they are derived from qualifying dividends earned by the Fund. For the lower rates to apply, you must have owned your Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before a Fund's ex-dividend date (and the Fund will need to have met a similar holding period requirement with respect to the shares of the corporation paying the qualifying dividend). The amount of a Fund's distributions that qualify for this favorable treatment may be reduced as a result of the Fund's securities lending activities (if any), a high portfolio turnover rate or investments in debt securities or non-qualified foreign corporations.
33
Distributions from a Fund will generally be taxable to you in the taxable year in which they are paid, with one exception. Distributions declared by a Fund in October, November or December and paid in January of the following year are taxed as though they were paid on December 31.
A portion of distributions paid by a Fund to shareholders that are corporations may also qualify for the dividends-received deduction for corporations, subject to certain holding period requirements and debt financing limitations. The amount of the dividends qualifying for this deduction may, however, be reduced as a result of a Fund's securities lending activities (if any), by a high portfolio turnover rate or by investments in debt securities or foreign corporations.
If you purchase shares just before a distribution, the purchase price will reflect the amount of the upcoming distribution, but you will be taxed on the entire amount of the distribution received, even though, as an economic matter, the distribution simply constitutes a return of capital. This is known as "buying into a dividend."
Sales of Shares. You will generally recognize taxable gain or loss for federal income tax purposes on a sale or redemption of your shares based on the difference between your cost basis in the shares and the amount you receive for them. Generally, you will recognize long-term capital gain or loss if you have held your Fund shares for over twelve months at the time you dispose of them.
Any loss realized on shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends that were received on the shares. Additionally, any loss realized on a disposition of shares of a Fund may be disallowed under "wash sale" rules to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced with other shares of the Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in shares of the Fund. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an upward adjustment to the basis of the shares acquired.
For shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012, a Fund (or relevant broker or financial adviser) is required to compute and report to the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and furnish to Fund shareholders cost basis information when such shares are sold. The Funds have elected to use the average cost method, unless you instruct a Fund to use a different IRS-accepted cost basis method, or choose to specifically identify your shares at the time of each sale. If your account is held by your broker or other financial adviser, they may select a different cost basis method. In these cases, please contact your broker or other financial adviser to obtain information with respect to the available methods and elections for your account. You should carefully review the cost basis information provided by the Funds and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on your federal and state income tax returns. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers to determine the best IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the cost basis reporting requirements apply to them.
IRAs and Other Tax-Qualified Plans. The one major exception to the preceding tax principles is that distributions on, and sales and redemptions of, shares held in an IRA (or other tax-qualified plan) will not be currently taxable unless such shares were acquired with borrowed funds.
Backup Withholding. Each Fund may be required in certain cases to withhold and remit to the IRS a percentage of taxable dividends or gross proceeds realized upon sale payable to shareholders who have failed to provide a correct tax identification number in the manner required, or who are subject to withholding by the IRS for failure to properly include on their return payments of taxable interest or dividends, or who have failed to certify to the Fund that they are not subject to backup withholding when required to do so or that they are "exempt recipients." The current backup withholding rate is 24%.
U.S. Tax Treatment of Foreign Shareholders. Generally, nonresident aliens, foreign corporations and other foreign investors are subject to a 30% withholding tax on dividends paid by a U.S. corporation, although the rate may be reduced for an investor that is a qualified resident of a foreign country with an applicable tax treaty with the United States. In the case of a regulated investment company such as a Fund, however, certain categories of dividends are exempt from the 30% withholding tax. These generally include dividends attributable to the Fund's net capital gains (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital loss), dividends attributable to the Fund’s interest income from U.S. obligors, and dividends attributable to net short-term capital gains of the Fund.
34
Foreign shareholders will generally not be subject to U.S. tax on gains realized on the sale or redemption of shares of a Fund, except that a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in a calendar year will be taxable on such gains and on capital gain dividends from the Fund.
In contrast, if a foreign investor conducts a trade or business in the United States and the investment in a Fund is effectively connected with that trade or business, then the foreign investor's income from the Fund will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax at graduated rates in a manner similar to the income of a U.S. citizen or resident.
Each Fund will also generally be required to withhold 30% tax on certain payments to foreign entities that do not provide a Form W-8BEN-E that evidences their compliance with, or exemption from, specified information reporting requirements under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act.
All foreign investors should consult their own tax advisers regarding the tax consequences in their country of residence of an investment in a Fund.
Shares of the Fund have not been registered for sale outside of the United States and certain U.S. territories.
State and Local Taxes. You may also be subject to state and local taxes on income and gain from Fund shares. State income taxes may not apply, however, to the portions of the Fund's distributions, if any, that are attributable to interest on U.S. government securities. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the tax status of distributions in your state and locality.
More information about taxes is contained in the Funds’ SAI.
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
Householding.
In an effort to decrease costs, the Funds intend to reduce the number of duplicate prospectuses and Annual and Semi-Annual
Reports you receive by sending only one copy of each to those addresses shared by two or more accounts and to shareholders we
reasonably believe are from the same family or household. Once implemented, if you would like to discontinue householding for
your accounts, please call toll-free at 1-855-744-8500 to request individual copies of these documents. Once the Funds receive
notice to stop householding, we will begin sending individual copies thirty days after receiving your request. This policy does
not apply to account statements.
Lost
Shareholder, Inactive Accounts and Unclaimed Property.
It is important that the Fund maintains a correct address for each
shareholder. An incorrect address may cause a shareholder’s account statements and other mailings to be returned to
the Fund. Based upon statutory requirements for returned mail, the Fund will attempt to locate the shareholder or rightful
owner of the account. If the Fund is unable to locate the shareholder, then it will determine whether the shareholder’s
account can legally be considered abandoned. Your mutual fund account may be transferred to the state government of your
state of residence if no activity occurs within your account during the “inactivity period” specified in your state’s
abandoned property laws. The Fund is legally obligated to escheat (or transfer) abandoned property to the appropriate state’s
unclaimed property administrator in accordance with statutory requirements. The shareholder’s last known address of
record determines which state has jurisdiction. Please proactively contact the Transfer Agent at 1-855-744-8500 (toll free)
at least annually to ensure your account remains in active status.
If
you are a resident of the state of Texas, you may designate a representative to receive notifications that, due to inactivity,
your mutual fund account assets may be delivered to the Texas Comptroller. Please contact the Transfer Agent if you wish
to complete a Texas Designation of Representative form.
35
NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS NOT CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS OR IN THE FUNDS’ SAI INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE, IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING MADE BY THIS PROSPECTUS AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY OR ITS DISTRIBUTOR. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFERING BY THE COMPANY OR BY THE DISTRIBUTOR IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH OFFERING MAY NOT LAWFULLY BE MADE.
36
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The following tables set forth certain financial information for the periods indicated. The term "Total investment return" indicates how much your investment would have increased or decreased during this period of time and assumes that you have reinvested all dividends and distributions.
This information for the Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund and the Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund has been derived from the financial statements and has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm.
This information for the years ended 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014 for the Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund has been derived from the financial statements and has been audited by BBD, LLP, the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. The Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund’s information for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 has been audited by the Predecessor Fund's independent registered public accounting firm. Class A Shares and Class C shares of the Fund had not commenced operations as of the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, and therefore no financial highlights information is presented for these Classes of the Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund.
This information should be read in conjunction with the Funds’ financial statements which, together with the report of the independent registered public accounting firm, are included in the Funds’ annual reports, which are available upon request (see back cover for ordering instructions).
37
U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund — Class I Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the
Year
Ended
|
For
the
Year Ended August 31, 2016 |
For
the
Year Ended August 31, 2015 |
For
the
Year Ended August 31, 2014 |
For
the
Year Ended August 31, 2013 |
||||||||||||||||
Per Share Operating Performance | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 14.69 | $ | 13.78 | $ | 13.72 | $ | 11.85 | $ | 10.18 | ||||||||||
Net investment income/(loss) (1) | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.15 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments (2) | 0.90 | 1.66 | 0.44 | 2.01 | 1.64 | |||||||||||||||
Net increase/(decrease) in net assets resulting from operations | 1.12 | 1.87 | 0.65 | 2.17 | 1.79 | |||||||||||||||
Dividends and Distributions to Shareholders from: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | (0.16 | ) | (0.21 | ) | (0.16 | ) | (0.08 | ) | (0.05 | ) | ||||||||||
Net realized gains | (0.22 | ) | (0.75 | ) | (0.43 | ) | (0.22 | ) | (0.07 | ) | ||||||||||
Total Dividends and Distributions to Shareholders | (0.38 | ) | (0.96 | ) | (0.59 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.12 | ) | ||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period | $ | 15.43 | $ | 14.69 | $ | 13.78 | $ | 13.72 | $ | 11.85 | ||||||||||
Total investment return (3) | 7.73 | % | 13.99 | % | 4.82 | % | 18.57 | % | 17.78 | % | ||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000's omitted) | $ | 91,977 | $ | 106,110 | $ | 72,850 | $ | 60,266 | $ | 25,638 | ||||||||||
Ratio of expenses to average net assets with waivers and reimbursements | 0.98 | % | 0.98 | % | 0.98 | % | 0.98 | % | 0.98 | % | ||||||||||
Ratio of expenses to average net assets without waivers and reimbursements | 1.14 | % | 1.14 | % | 1.20 | % | 1.35 | % | 2.74 | % | ||||||||||
Ratio of net investment income/(loss) to average net assets | 1.32 | % | 1.49 | % | 1.47 | % | 1.25 | % | 1.34 | % | ||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate (4) | 31 | % | 41 | % | 42 | % | 110 | % | 81 | % |
(1) | The selected per share data was calculated based on average shares outstanding method for the period. |
(2) | The amount shown may not correlate with the change in the aggregate gains and losses due to the timing of sales and purchases of the Fund's shares in relation to fluctuating market values for the Fund's portfolio. |
(3) | Total investment return is calculated assuming a purchase of shares on the first day and a sale of shares on the last day of each period reported and includes reinvestments of dividends and distributions, if any. |
(4) | Portfolio turnover rate is calculated for the Fund, as a whole, for the entire period. |
38
(1) | Commencement of operations. |
(2) | The selected per share data was calculated based on average shares outstanding method for the period. |
(3) | The amount shown may not correlate with the change in the aggregate gains and losses due to the timing of sales and purchases of the Fund's shares in relation to fluctuating market values for the Fund's portfolio. |
(4) | Total investment return is calculated assuming a purchase of shares on the first day and a sale of shares on the last day of each period reported and includes reinvestments of dividends and distributions, if any. Total investment return does not reflect Sales Charge. |
(5) | Not annualized. |
(6) | Annualized. |
(7) | Portfolio Turnover Rate is calculated for the Fund, as a whole, for the entire period. |
39
(1) | Commencement of operations. |
(2) | The selected per share data was calculated based on average shares outstanding method for the period. |
(3) | The amount shown may not correlate with the change in the aggregate gains and losses due to the timing of sales and purchases of the Fund's shares in relation to fluctuating market values for the Fund's portfolio. |
(4) | Total investment return is calculated assuming a purchase of shares on the first day and a sale of shares on the last day of each period reported and includes reinvestments of dividends and distributions, if any. |
(5) | Not annualized. |
(6) | Annualized. |
(7) |
Portfolio
Turnover Rate is calculated for the Fund, as a whole, for the entire period.
|
40
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund — Class I Shares
|
||||||||
For
the
Year ended August 31, 2017 |
For
the Period March 31,
|
|||||||
Per Share Operating Performance | ||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 10.83 | $ | 10.00 | ||||
Net investment income/(loss) (2) | 0.04 | 0.02 | ||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments (3) | 1.57 | 0.81 | ||||||
Net increase/(decrease) in net assets resulting from operations | 1.61 | 0.83 | ||||||
Dividends and distributions to shareholders from: | ||||||||
Net investment income | (0.05 | ) | — | |||||
Net realized capital gains | — | (7) | — | |||||
Total dividends and distributions to shareholders | (0.05 | ) | — | |||||
Net asset value, end of period | $ | 12.39 | $ | 10.83 | ||||
Total investment return (4) | 14.86 | % | 8.30 | % (5) | ||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data | ||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000's omitted) | $ | 12,919 | $ | 10,095 | ||||
Ratio of expenses to average net assets with waivers and reimbursements | 1.23 | % | 1.23 | % (6) | ||||
Ratio of expenses to average net assets without waivers and reimbursements | 2.21 | % | 4.43 | % (6) | ||||
Ratio of net investment income/(loss) to average net assets | 0.31 | % | 0.53 | % (6) | ||||
Portfolio turnover rate (8) | 95 | % | 0.01 | % (5) |
(1) | Commencement of operations. |
(2) | The selected per share data was calculated based on average shares outstanding method for the period. |
(3) | The amount shown may not correlate with the change in the aggregate gains and losses due to the timing of sales and purchases of the Fund's shares in relation to fluctuating market values for the Fund's portfolio. |
(4) | Total investment return is calculated assuming a purchase of shares on the first day and a sale of shares on the last day of each period reported and includes reinvestments of dividends and distributions, if any. |
(5) | Not annualized. |
(6) | Annualized. |
(7) | Amount represents less than $0.005 per share. |
(8) | Portfolio Turnover rate is calculated for the Fund, as a whole, for the entire period. |
41
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund — Class A Shares (formerly, Retail Shares)
|
||||||||
For
the
Year ended August 31, 2017 |
For
the Period March 31,
|
|||||||
Per Share Operating Performance | ||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 10.83 | $ | 10.00 | ||||
Net investment income/(loss) (2) | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments (3) | 1.57 | 0.82 | ||||||
Net increase/(decrease) in net assets resulting from operations | 1.58 | 0.83 | ||||||
Dividends and distributions to shareholders from: | ||||||||
Net investment income | (0.03 | ) | — | |||||
Net realized capital gains | — | (7) | — | |||||
Total dividends and distributions to shareholders | (0.03 | ) | — | |||||
Net asset value, end of period | $ | 12.38 | $ | 10.83 | ||||
Total investment return (4) | 14.63 | % | 8.30 | % (5) | ||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data | ||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000's omitted) | $ | 3,132 | $ | 2,010 | ||||
Ratio of expenses to average net assets with waivers and reimbursements | 1.48 | % | 1.48 | % (6) | ||||
Ratio of expenses to average net assets without waivers and reimbursements | 2.44 | % | 4.68 | % (6) | ||||
Ratio of net investment income/(loss) to average net assets | 0.06 | % | 0.28 | % (6) | ||||
Portfolio turnover rate (8) | 95 | % | 0.01 | % (5) |
(1) | Commencement of operations. |
(2) | The selected per share data was calculated based on average shares outstanding method for the period. |
(3) | The amount shown may not correlate with the change in the aggregate gains and losses due to the timing of sales and purchases of the Fund's shares in relation to fluctuating market values for the Fund's portfolio. |
(4) | Total investment return is calculated assuming a purchase of shares on the first day and a sale of shares on the last day of each period reported and includes reinvestments of dividends and distributions, if any. |
(5) | Not annualized. |
(6) | Annualized. |
(7) | Amount represents less than $0.005 per share. |
(8) | Portfolio turnover rate is calculated for the Fund, as a whole, for the entire period. |
42
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund — Class C Shares
|
||||||||
For
the
Year ended August 31, 2017 |
For
the Period March 31,
August 31,
|
|||||||
Per Share Operating Performance | ||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 10.80 | $ | 10.00 | ||||
Net investment income/(loss) (2) | (0.08 | ) | (0.02 | ) | ||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments (3) | 1.55 | 0.82 | ||||||
Net increase/(decrease) in net assets resulting from operations | 1.47 | 0.80 | ||||||
Dividends and distributions to shareholders from: | ||||||||
Net realized capital gains | — | (7) | — | |||||
Net asset value, end of period | $ | 12.27 | $ | 10.80 | ||||
Total investment return (4) | 13.63 | % | 8.00 | % (5) | ||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data | ||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000's omitted) | $ | 168 | $ | 26 | ||||
Ratio of expenses to average net assets with waivers and reimbursements | 2.23 | % | 2.23 | % (6) | ||||
Ratio of expenses to average net assets without waivers and reimbursements | 2.89 | % | 5.43 | % (6) | ||||
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets | (0.67 | %) | (0.47 | )% (6) | ||||
Portfolio turnover rate (8) | 95 | % | 0.01 | % (5) |
(1) | Commencement of operations. |
(2) | The selected per share data was calculated based on average shares outstanding method for the period. |
(3) | The amount shown may not correlate with the change in the aggregate gains and losses due to the timing of sales and purchases of the Fund's shares in relation to fluctuating market values for the Fund's portfolio. |
(4) | Total investment return is calculated assuming a purchase of shares on the first day and a sale of shares on the last day of each period reported and includes reinvestments of dividends and distributions, if any. |
(5) | Not annualized. |
(6) | Annualized. |
(7) | Amount represents less than $0.005 per share. |
(8) | Portfolio turnover rate is calculated for the Fund, as a whole, for the entire period. |
43
Global Low Volatility Fund — Class I Shares
For a Fund Share Outstanding Throughout each Period
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
For
the
Year Ended August 31, 2017 |
For
the
Year Ended August 31, 2016 |
For
the
Year Ended August 31, 2015 |
For the Eleven Months Ended August 31, 2014 (1)(2) |
For
the
|
For
the
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Per Share Operating Performance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 24.93 | $ | 28.29 | $ | 27.64 | $ | 27.45 | $ | 22.45 | $ | 18.83 | ||||||||||||
Net investment income/(loss) (3) | 0.06 | (0.19 | ) | (0.21 | ) | (0.20 | ) | (0.14 | ) | (0.16 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments | 2.21 | (1.25 | ) | 3.04 | 2.96 | 5.14 | 4.21 | |||||||||||||||||
Net increase/(decrease) in net assets resulting from operations | 2.27 | (1.44 | ) | 2.83 | 2.76 | 5.00 | 4.05 | |||||||||||||||||
Dividends and distributions to shareholders from: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Net realized capital gains | — | (1.93 | ) | (2.18 | ) | (2.57 | ) | — | (0.50 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total dividends and distributions to shareholders | — | (1.93 | ) | (2.18 | ) | (2.57 | ) | — | (0.50 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Redemption fees added to paid-in capital (3) | — | (4) | 0.01 | — | (4) | — | — | 0.07 | ||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 27.20 | $ | 24.93 | $ | 28.29 | $ | 27.64 | $ | 27.45 | $ | 22.45 | ||||||||||||
Total investment return (5) | 9.15 | % | (5.44 | )% | 11.49 | % | 10.62 | % (6)(7) | 22.27 | % | 22.31 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000's omitted) | $ | 22,765 | $ | 64,378 | $ | 71,523 | $ | 59,924 | $ | 55,737 | $ | 59,007 | ||||||||||||
Ratio of expenses to average net assets with waivers and reimbursements | 0.84 | % | 0.84 | % | 0.84 | % | 0.84 | % (8) | 0.86 | % | 0.95 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratio of expenses to average net assets without waivers and reimbursements | 1.32 | % | 1.13 | % | 1.20 | % | 1.13 | % (8) | 1.13 | % | 1.25 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratio of net investment income/(loss) to average net assets | 0.26 | % | (0.76 | )% | (0.77 | )% | (0.80 | )% (8) | (0.63 | )% | (0.75 | )% | ||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 247 | % | 375 | % | 297 | % | 277 | % (6) | 345 | % | 323.54 | % |
(1) | The Fund changed its Fiscal year end to August 31. |
(2) | Effective as of the close of business on March 21, 2014, the Fund acquired all the assets and liabilities of the Dynamic U.S. Growth Fund (“Predecessor Fund”), a series of Scotia Institutional Funds. The financial highlights for the periods prior to that date reflect the performance of the Predecessor Fund. |
(3) | The selected per share data was calculated based on average shares outstanding method for the period. |
(4) | Amount represents less than $0.005 per share. |
(5) | Total investment return is calculated assuming purchase of shares on the first day and a sale of shares on the last day of each period reported and includes reinvestments of dividends and distributions, if any. |
(6) | Not annualized. |
(7) | Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and, consequently, the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset values and returns for the shareholder transactions. |
(8) | Annualized. |
44
Appendix A – PRIOR PERFORMANCE OF SIMILARILY ADVISED ACCOUNTS
U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund
The Adviser has experience in managing other accounts with substantially similar investment objectives, policies and strategies as the U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund. The table below is provided to illustrate the past performance of the Adviser in managing all such other accounts and does not represent the performance of the Fund. Investors should not consider this performance information as a substitute for the performance of the Fund, nor should investors consider this information as an indication of the future performance of the Fund or of the Adviser. This performance history is net of all fees (including any applicable sales loads) charged to investors in the other accounts. The net returns are derived using the investment advisory fixed rate fee of 1.00% on total assets applicable for each other account and calculated on a monthly basis. The composite includes other accounts that pay lower expenses than those paid by shareholders of the Fund. Higher expenses reduce returns to investors. The use of the Fund's expense structure would have lowered the performance results. The Fund's results in the future also may be different because the other accounts are not subject to certain investment limitations, diversification requirements and other restrictions imposed on mutual funds under applicable U.S. securities and tax laws that, if applicable, could have adversely affected the performance of the other accounts. In addition, the securities held by the Fund will not be identical to the securities held by the other accounts.
The performance of the other accounts is also compared to the performance of an appropriate broad-based securities benchmark index. This index is unmanaged and is not subject to fees and expenses typically associated with managed funds, including the Fund. Investors cannot invest directly in the Index. The performance information is accompanied by additional disclosures, which are an integral part of the information.
COMPOSITE — MONTHLY PERFORMANCE TABLE NET OF FEES (SINCE INCEPTION JANUARY 14, 2011 THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2011) 1,2,3
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
US Equity Low Volatility Composite | -1.72% | 1.92% | 1.97% | 4.13% | 0.71% | 0.11% | -2.82% | -1.63% | -2.17% | 4.80% | 0.41% | 1.84% |
S&P 500 ® Index | -0.55% | 3.20% | -0.10% | 2.85% | -1.35% | -1.83% | -2.15 % | -5.68% | -7.18% | 10.77% | -0.51% | 0.85% |
1 | Performance was calculated using a time-weighted total return methodology, as set forth in Global Investment Performance Standards ("GIPS") Section 3.3. This method of calculating performance differs from the SEC's standardized methodology, which may produce different results. |
2 | Performance shown is composite performance of all similarly advised accounts. The first similarly advised account commenced operations on January 14, 2011, but other accounts commenced operations subsequent to January 14, 2011. |
3 | The S&P 500 ® Index is an unmanaged index composed of 500 common stocks, classified in eleven industry sectors, which represents approximately 75% of the U.S. equities market. The S&P 500 ® Index assigns relative values to the stocks included in the index, weighted according to each stock's total market value relative to the total market value of the other stocks included in the index. |
A- 1
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund
The Adviser has experience in managing other accounts with substantially similar investment objectives, policies and strategies as the Small Cap Low Volatility Fund. The table below is provided to illustrate the past performance of the Adviser in managing all such other accounts and does not represent the performance of the Fund. Investors should not consider this performance information as a substitute for the performance of the Fund, nor should investors consider this information as an indication of the future performance of the Fund or of the Adviser. This performance history is net of all fees (including any applicable sales loads) charged to investors in the other accounts. The net returns are derived using the investment advisory fixed rate fee of 1.23% on total assets applicable for each other account and calculated on a monthly basis. Other accounts managed by the Adviser may pay lower expenses than those paid by shareholders of the Fund. Higher expenses reduce returns to investors. The use of the Fund's expense structure may have lowered the performance results. The Fund's results in the future also may be different because the other accounts are not subject to certain investment limitations, diversification requirements and other restrictions imposed on mutual funds under applicable U.S. securities and tax laws that, if applicable, could have adversely affected the performance of the other accounts. In addition, the securities held by the Fund will not be identical to the securities held by the other accounts.
The performance of the other accounts is also compared to the performance of an appropriate broad-based securities benchmark index. This index is unmanaged and is not subject to fees and expenses typically associated with managed funds, including the Fund. Investors cannot invest directly in the Index. The performance information is accompanied by additional disclosures, which are an integral part of the information.
COMPOSITE – MONTHLY PERFORMANCE TABLE NET OF FEES (SINCE INCEPTION APRIL 1, 2014 THROUGH MARCH 31, 2016) 1,2,3
Small Cap Low Volatility Returns
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
2016 | (1.15)% | 1.57% | 5.51% | |||||||||
2015 | (2.35)% | 3.12% | 2.20% | (3.77)% | 1.70% | 1.05% | 0.81% | (4.24)% | (0.49)% | 3.71% | 1.81% | (1.78)% |
2014 | (3.09)% | 0.59% | 3.78% | (4.22)% | 4.33% | (4.04)% | 10.27% | 0.77% | 3.25% |
Russell 2000 ® Index
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
2016 | (8.79)% | 0.00% | 7.98% | |||||||||
2015 | (3.22)% | 5.94% | 1.74% | (2.55)% | 2.28% | 0.75% | (1.16)% | (6.28)% | (4.91)% | 5.63% | 3.25% | (5.02)% |
2014 | (3.88)% | 0.80% | 5.32% | (6.05)% | 4.96% | (6.05)% | 6.59% | 0.09% | 2.85% |
1 | Performance was calculated using a time-weighted total return methodology (which is a measure of the compound rate of growth in a portfolio), as set forth in Global Investment Performance Standards ("GIPS") Section 3.3. This method of calculating performance differs from the SEC's standardized methodology, which may produce different results. |
2 | Performance shown is net composite performance of all similarly advised accounts. The first similarly advised account commenced operations on April 1, 2014. |
3 | The Russell 2000® Index is a leading small cap index which is a subset of the Russell 3000® Index. The Russell 2000® Index is comprised of the bottom 2000 stocks in the Russell 3000® Index. |
A- 2
Reasons we can share your information |
Do the Summit Global Investments Funds share? |
Can you limit this sharing? |
For our everyday business purpose —
such as to process your transactions, maintain your account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus |
Yes |
No |
For our marketing purposes —
to offer our products and services to you |
Yes |
No |
For joint marketing with other financial companies | Yes | No |
For affiliates’ everyday business purposes —
information about your transactions and experiences |
Yes |
No |
For affiliates’ everyday business purposes —
information about your creditworthiness |
No |
We don't share |
For our affiliates to market to you | No | We don't share |
For nonaffiliates to market to you | No | We don't share |
Questions? | Call 1-888-251-4847 or go to www.summitglobalinvestments.com |
What we do | ||
How do the Summit Global Investments Funds protect my personal information? | To protect your personal information from unauthorized access and use, we use security measures that comply with federal law. These measures include computer safeguards and secured files and buildings. | |
How do the Summit Global Investments Funds collect my personal information? |
We collect your personal information, for example, when you
• open an account • provide account information • give us your contact information • make a wire transfer • tell us where to send the money
We also collect your information from others, such as credit bureaus, affiliates, or other companies. |
|
Why can’t I limit all sharing? |
Federal law gives you the right to limit only
• sharing for affiliates' everyday business purposes - information about your creditworthiness • affiliates from using your information to market to you • sharing for nonaffiliates to market to you
State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing. |
|
Definitions | ||
Affiliates |
Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.
• Our affiliates include Summit Global Investments, LLC, the investment adviser to the Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund, Small Cap Low Volatility Fund and Global Low Volatility Fund.
|
|
Nonaffiliates |
Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.
• Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund, Small Cap Low Volatility Fund and Global Low Volatility Fund don't share with nonaffiliates so they can market to you.
|
|
Joint marketing |
A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial companies that together market financial products or services to you.
• Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund, Small Cap Low Volatility Fund and Global Low Volatility Fund may share your information with other financial institutions with whom they have joint marketing arrangements who may suggest additional fund services or other investment products which may be of interest to you. We do not currently have any joint marketing
|
THE
SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS U.S. LOW VOLATILITY EQUITY FUND, SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS SMALL CAP LOW VOLATILITY FUND AND SUMMIT
GLOBAL INVESTMENTS GLOBAL LOW VOLATILITY FUND
FOR MORE INFORMATION:
This Prospectus contains important information you should know before you invest. Read it carefully and keep it for future reference. More information about the Funds is available free of charge, upon request, including:
Annual/Semi-Annual Reports:
These reports contain additional information about the Funds’ investments, describe the Funds’ performance, list portfolio holdings, and discuss recent market conditions and economic trends. The annual report includes Fund strategies and market conditions that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during its last fiscal year.
Statement of Additional Information:
The Funds’ SAI, dated March 19, 2018, has been filed with the SEC. The SAI, which includes additional information about the Funds, along with the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports, are available on the Adviser's website at www.summitglobalinvestments.com or may be obtained free of charge by calling 855-744-8500. The SAI, as supplemented from time to time, is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus and is legally considered a part of this Prospectus.
Shareholder Account Service Representatives:
Representatives are available to discuss account balance information, mutual fund prospectuses, literature, programs and services available. Hours: 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. (Eastern time) Monday-Friday. Call: 855-744-8500.
Purchases and Redemptions:
Call your registered representative or 855-744-8500.
Written Correspondence
Post
Office Address:
|
Summit
Global Investments Funds
c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC PO Box 701 Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701 |
Street Address:
|
Summit Global
Investments Funds
c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 |
Securities and Exchange Commission:
You may view and copy information about the Company and the Funds, including the SAI, by visiting the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. or the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at www.sec.gov. You may also obtain copies of Fund documents by paying a duplicating fee and sending an electronic request to the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov , or by sending your written request and a duplicating fee to the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference room by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090.
INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT FILE NO. 811-05518
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS U.S. LOW VOLATILITY EQUITY FUND
Class I Shares Ticker Symbol: SILVX
Class A Shares Ticker Symbol: LVOLX
Class C Shares Ticker Symbol: SGICX
SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS SMALL CAP LOW VOLATILITY FUND
Class I Shares Ticker Symbol: SCLVX
Class A Shares Ticker Symbol: LVSMX
Class C Shares Ticker Symbol: SMLVX
SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS GLOBAL LOW VOLATILITY FUND
Class I Shares Ticker Symbol: SGLIX
Class A Shares Ticker Symbol: SGLAX
Class C Shares Ticker Symbol: SGLOX
March 19, 2018
Investment Adviser:
SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC (the “Adviser”)
each a series of THE RBB FUND, INC.
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) provides supplementary information pertaining to the Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund (the “U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund”), the Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund (the “Small Cap Low Volatility Fund”), and the Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund (the “Global Low Volatility Fund”) (each a “Fund” and together the “Funds”) of The RBB Fund, Inc. (the “Company”). The Funds are each authorized to issue three classes: Class A Shares, Class I Shares and Class C Shares (collectively, the “Shares”). This SAI is not a prospectus and should be read only in conjunction with the Funds’ Prospectus dated March 19, 2018 (the “Prospectus”) and the Funds’ Annual Reports dated August 31, 2017 (the “Annual Reports”). The financial statements and notes contained in the Annual Reports are incorporated by reference into this SAI. No other parts of the Annual Reports are incorporated by reference herein. Copies of the Prospectus and Annual and Semi-Annual Reports may be obtained free of charge by calling toll-free 855-744-8500.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES | 1 |
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RISKS | 1 |
NON-PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RISKS | 4 |
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS | 15 |
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS | 18 |
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER | 19 |
MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY | 20 |
CODE OF ETHICS | 29 |
PROXY VOTING | 29 |
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES | 29 |
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES | 31 |
INVESTMENT ADVISER | 31 |
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS | 33 |
ADMINISTRATION AND ACCOUNTING AGREEMENT | 34 |
CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT | 35 |
TRANSFER AGENCY AGREEMENT | 35 |
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION | 35 |
PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES | 37 |
FUND TRANSACTIONS | 38 |
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION INFORMATION | 40 |
TELEPHONE TRANSACTION PROCEDURES | 42 |
VALUATION OF SHARES | 42 |
TAXES | 43 |
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING COMPANY SHARES | 44 |
MISCELLANEOUS | 45 |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 45 |
APPENDIX A | A-1 |
APPENDIX B | B-1 |
GENERAL INFORMATION
The Company is an open-end management investment company consisting of 31 separate portfolios. The Company is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (the “1940 Act”) and was organized as a Maryland corporation on February 29, 1988. This SAI pertains to the Class A, Class I and Class C Shares of the Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund (“U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund”), the Class A (formerly, Retail Shares), Class I and Class C Shares of the Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund (“Small Cap Low Volatility Fund”), and the Class I Shares, Class A Shares (formerly, Class II Shares), and Class C Shares (formerly, Institutional Shares) of the Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund (the “Global Low Volatility Fund”), each a diversified portfolio. Summit Global Investments, LLC (“Summit” or the “Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser to the Funds.
The Company’s Board of Directors approved Summit to serve as the Global Low Volatility Fund’s investment adviser effective January 1, 2017 in connection with the resignation of the Global Low Volatility Fund’s former investment adviser. The Global Low Volatility Fund’s principal investment strategies and risks changed as a result of the change in investment adviser. Prior to January 1, 2017, the Global Low Volatility Fund was named the Scotia Dynamic U.S. Growth Fund.
Before the Global Low Volatility Fund commenced operations, all of the assets and liabilities of the Dynamic U.S. Growth Fund (the “Predecessor Fund”), a series of Scotia Institutional Funds (“Predecessor Fund Trust”), which was formerly known as DundeeWealth Funds, were transferred to the Global Low Volatility Fund in a tax-free reorganization (the “Reorganization”). The Reorganization occurred on March 21, 2014. The Predecessor Fund commenced operations on March 31, 2009. As a result of the Reorganization, the performance and accounting history of the Predecessor Fund was assumed by the Global Low Volatility Fund. Financial and performance information prior to the close of business on March 21, 2014 included herein is that of the Predecessor Fund. Returns for periods prior to January 1, 2017 were generated under the management of the prior investment adviser.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES
The following supplements the information contained in the Prospectus concerning the investment objective and policies of the Funds.
The U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund seeks to outperform the S&P 500 ® Index over a market cycle while reducing overall volatility. The Small Cap Low Volatility Fund seeks to outperform the Russell 2000 ® Index over a market cycle while reducing overall volatility. Global Low Volatility Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.
During unusual economic or market conditions, or for temporary defensive or liquidity purposes, the each Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in money market instruments that would not ordinarily be consistent with each Fund’s objective.
There can be no guarantee that a Fund will achieve its investment objective. A Fund may not necessarily invest in all of the instruments or use all of the investment techniques permitted by the Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI, or invest in such instruments or engage in such techniques to the full extent permitted by the Fund’s investment policies and limitations.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RISKS
American, European and Global Depositary Receipts. As part of its principal investment strategy, the Global Low Volatility Fund invests in American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”). ADRs, as well as other “hybrid” forms of ADRs, including European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. These certificates are issued by depository banks and generally trade on an established market in the United States or elsewhere. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution in the issuer’s home country. The depository bank may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends and interest and corporate actions. ADRs are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their national markets and currencies. However, ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities.
1
Investments in the securities of foreign issuers may subject the Global Low Volatility Fund to investment risks that differ in some respects from those related to investments in securities of U.S. issuers. Such risks include future adverse political and economic developments, possible imposition of withholding taxes on income, possible seizure, nationalization or expropriation of foreign deposits, possible establishment of exchange controls or taxation at the source or greater fluctuation in value due to changes in exchange rates. Foreign issuers of securities often engage in business practices different from those of domestic issuers of similar securities, and there may be less information publicly available about foreign issuers. In addition, foreign issuers are, generally speaking, subject to less government supervision and regulation and different accounting treatment than are those in the United States.
Equity Securities. Equity securities represent ownership interests in a company and consist of common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants to acquire common stock, and securities convertible into common stock. Investments in equity securities in general are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. Fluctuations in the value of equity securities in which a Fund invests will cause the net asset value of the Fund to fluctuate. The Funds purchase equity securities traded in the U.S. on registered exchanges or the over-the-counter market. Equity securities are described in more detail below:
● | Common Stock. Common stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds and preferred stock take precedence over the claims of those who own common stock. |
● | Preferred Stock. Preferred stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer that pays dividends at a specified rate and that has precedence over common stock in the payment of dividends. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred and common stock. |
● | Warrants. Warrants are instruments that entitle the holder to buy an equity security at a specific price for a specific period of time. Changes in the value of a warrant do not necessarily correspond to changes in the value of its underlying security. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security, and a warrant may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying security and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. A warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. These factors can make warrants more speculative than other types of investments. |
● | Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted or exchanged (by the holder or by the issuer) into shares of the underlying common stock (or cash or securities of equivalent value) at a stated exchange ratio. A convertible security may also be called for redemption or conversion by the issuer after a particular date and under certain circumstances (including a specified price) established upon issue. If a convertible security held by a Fund is called for redemption or conversion, the Fund could be required to tender it for redemption, convert it into the underlying common stock, or sell it to a third party. |
Convertible securities generally have less potential for gain or loss than common stocks. Convertible securities generally provide yields higher than the underlying common stocks, but generally lower than comparable non-convertible securities. Because of this higher yield, convertible securities generally sell at a price above their “conversion value,” which is the current market value of the stock to be received upon conversion. The difference between this conversion value and the price of convertible securities will vary over time depending on changes in the value of the underlying common stocks and interest rates. When the underlying common stocks decline in value, convertible securities will tend not to decline to the same extent because of the interest or dividend payments and the repayment of principal at maturity for certain types of convertible securities. However, securities that are convertible other than at the option of the holder generally do not limit the potential for loss to the same extent as securities convertible at the option of the holder. When the underlying common stocks rise in value, the value of convertible securities may also be expected to increase. At the same time, however, the difference between the market value of convertible securities and their conversion value will narrow, which means that the value of convertible securities will generally not increase to the same extent as the value of the underlying common stocks. Because convertible securities may also be interest-rate sensitive, their value may increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. Convertible securities are also subject to credit risk, and are often lower-quality securities.
2
● | Small and Medium Capitalization Issuers. Investing in equity securities of small and medium capitalization companies often involves greater risk than is customarily associated with investments in larger capitalization companies. This increased risk may be due to the greater business risks of smaller size, limited markets and financial resources, narrow product lines and frequent lack of depth of management. The securities of smaller companies are often traded in the over-the-counter market and even if listed on a national securities exchange may not be traded in volumes typical for that exchange. Consequently, the securities of smaller companies are less likely to be liquid, may have limited market stability, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than securities of larger, more established companies or the market averages in general. |
Foreign Securities. Investments in foreign securities involve higher costs than investments in U.S. securities, including higher transaction costs as well as the imposition of additional taxes by foreign governments. In addition, foreign investments may include additional risks associated with currency exchange rates, less complete financial information about the issuers, less market liquidity and political stability. Volume and liquidity in most foreign bond markets are less than in the United States and, at times, volatility or price can be greater than in the United States. Future political and economic information, the possible imposition of withholding taxes on interest income, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign holdings, the possible establishment of exchange controls, or the adoption of other governmental restrictions, might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on foreign obligations. Inability to dispose of securities due to settlement problems could result either in losses to an underlying investment company due to subsequent declines in value of the securities, or, if the underlying investment company has entered into a contract to sell the securities, could result in possible liability to the purchaser. Individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth or gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. Fixed commissions on foreign securities exchanges are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of securities exchanges, brokers, dealers and listed companies than in the United States.
Settlement mechanics may be slower or less reliable than within the United States, thus increasing the risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions or loss of certificates for portfolio securities. Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Such delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of an underlying investment company is uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of an underlying investment company to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the underlying investment company to miss attractive investment opportunities.
Each Fund values its securities and other assets in U.S. dollars. As a result, if a Fund invests in securities denominated in foreign currencies, the NAV of the Fund’s shares may fluctuate with U.S. dollar exchange rates as well as the price changes of the Fund’s securities in the various local markets and currencies. Thus, an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar compared to the currencies in which the Fund makes its investments could reduce the effect of increases and magnify the effect of decreases in the price of the Fund’s securities in their local markets. Conversely, a decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar may have the opposite effect of magnifying the effect of increases and reducing the effect of decreases in the prices of a Fund’s securities in its foreign markets. In addition to favorable and unfavorable currency exchange rate developments, each Fund is subject to the possible imposition of exchange control regulations or freezes on convertibility of currency.
If a Fund invests in obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks (Eurodollars) and U.S. branches of foreign banks (Yankee dollars) or foreign branches of foreign banks, these investments involve risks that are different from investments in securities of U.S. banks, including potential unfavorable political and economic developments, different tax provisions, seizure of foreign deposits, currency controls, interest limitations or other governmental restrictions which might affect payment of principal or interest. A Fund may also invest in debt securities issued or guaranteed by foreign governments, including Yankee bonds, which are issued by foreign governments and their agencies and foreign corporations, but pay interest in U.S. dollars and are typically issued in the United States.
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Special Note Regarding Market Events. Events in the financial sector over the past several years have resulted in reduced liquidity in credit and fixed income markets and an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, both domestically and internationally. While entire markets have been impacted, issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage and credit markets have been particularly affected. These events and the potential for continuing market turbulence may have an adverse effect on each Fund’s investments. It is uncertain how long these conditions will continue.
The instability in the financial markets has led the U.S. government to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and certain segments of the financial markets. Federal, state and foreign governments, regulatory agencies, and self-regulatory organizations may take actions that affect the regulation of the instruments in which the Funds invest, or the issuers of such instruments, in ways that are unforeseeable. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude each Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.
Governments or their agencies may also acquire distressed assets from financial institutions and acquire ownership interests in those institutions. The implications of government ownership and disposition of these assets are unclear, and such ownership or disposition may have positive or negative effects on the liquidity, valuation and performance of a Fund.
NON-PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RISKS
Borrowing. Each Fund may borrow money from a bank equal to 5% of its total assets for temporary purposes to meet redemptions or to pay dividends. Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of a Fund’s shares and in the return on a Fund’s portfolio. Although the principal of any borrowing will be fixed, a Fund’s assets may change in value during the time the borrowing is outstanding. A Fund may be required to liquidate portfolio securities at a time when it would be disadvantageous to do so in order to make payments with respect to any borrowing. A Fund may be required to earmark or segregate liquid assets in an amount sufficient to meet its obligations in connection with such borrowings. In an interest rate arbitrage transaction, a Fund borrows money at one interest rate and lends the proceeds at another, higher interest rate. These transactions involve a number of risks, including the risks that the borrower will fail or otherwise become insolvent or that there will be a significant change in prevailing interest rates.
Commercial Paper. Commercial paper is the term used to designate unsecured short-term promissory notes issued by corporations and other entities. Maturities on these issues vary from a few to 270 days.
Corporate Obligations. Each Fund may invest in debt obligations, such as bonds and debentures, issued by corporations and other business organizations without limit on credit quality or maturity. See Appendix “A” to this SAI for a description of corporate debt ratings. An issuer of debt obligations may default on its obligation to pay interest and repay principal. Also, changes in the financial strength of an issuer or changes in the credit rating of a security may affect its value.
Cyber Security Risk. Each Fund and its service providers may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from breaches in cyber security. A breach in cyber security refers to both intentional and unintentional events that may cause a Fund to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, or lose operational capacity. Breaches in cyber security include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber-attacks. Cyber security breaches affecting the Funds or the Adviser, custodian, transfer agent, intermediaries and other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Fund. For instance, cyber security breaches may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact a Fund’s ability to calculate its NAVs, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential business information, impede trading, subject the Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses and/or cause reputational damage. A Fund may also incur additional costs for cyber security risk management purposes. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which a Fund may invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause the Fund’s investment in such companies to lose value.
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Forward Commitment and When-Issued Transactions. Each Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis (subject to its investment policies and restrictions). These transactions involve a commitment by a Fund to purchase or sell securities at a future date (ordinarily one or two months later). The price of the underlying securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the securities will be delivered and paid for (the settlement date) are fixed at the time the transaction is negotiated. When-issued purchases and forward commitments are negotiated directly with the other party, and such commitments are not traded on exchanges. The Funds will not enter into such transactions for the purpose of leverage.
When-issued purchases and forward commitments enable a Fund to lock in what is believed by the Adviser to be an attractive price or yield on a particular security for a period of time, regardless of future changes in interest rates. For instance, in periods of rising interest rates and falling prices, a Fund might sell securities it owns on a forward commitment basis to limit its exposure to falling prices. In periods of falling interest rates and rising prices, a Fund might sell securities it owns and purchase the same or a similar security on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, thereby obtaining the benefit of currently higher yields. When-issued securities or forward commitments involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date.
The value of securities purchased on a when-issued or forward commitment basis and any subsequent fluctuations in their value are reflected in the computation of a Fund’s Net Asset Value (“NAV”) starting on the date of the agreement to purchase the securities, and the Fund is subject to the rights and risks of ownership of the securities on that date. A Fund does not earn interest on the securities it has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the settlement date. When a Fund makes a forward commitment to sell securities it owns, the proceeds to be received upon settlement are included in the Fund’s assets. Fluctuations in the market value of the underlying securities are not reflected in the Fund’s NAV as long as the commitment to sell remains in effect. Settlement of when-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions generally takes place within two months after the date of the transaction, but a Fund may agree to a longer settlement period.
A Fund will make commitments to purchase securities on a when-issued basis or to purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into. The Fund also may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. The Fund may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with these transactions, and its distributions from any net realized capital gains will be taxable to shareholders. When a Fund purchases securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, the Fund or the custodian will maintain in a segregated account cash or liquid securities having a value (determined daily) at least equal to the amount of the Fund’s purchase commitments. These procedures are designed to ensure that a Fund will maintain sufficient assets at all times to cover its obligations under when-issued purchases and forward commitments.
Futures and Options on Futures. Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific security at a specified future time and at a specified price. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. The Funds will reduce the risk that they will be unable to close out a futures contract by only entering into futures contracts that are traded on a national futures exchange regulated by the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). The Funds may use futures contracts and related options for: bona fide hedging; attempting to offset changes in the value of securities held or expected to be acquired or be disposed of; attempting to minimize fluctuations in foreign currencies; attempting to gain exposure to a particular market, index or instrument; or other risk management purposes. To the extent futures and/or options on futures are employed by a Fund, the Fund will limit such investments in commodity futures, commodity options contracts and swaps to below the de minimis thresholds adopted by the CFTC in its recent amendments to Rule 4.5 (see below for a description of these thresholds). For this reason, the Adviser is not required to register as a “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) under the Commodity Exchange Act at this time.
With respect to investments in swap transactions, commodity futures, commodity options or certain other derivatives used for purposes other than bona fide hedging purposes, an investment company must meet one of the following tests under the amended regulations in order to claim an exemption from being considered a “commodity pool” or a CPO. First, the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish an investment company’s positions in such investments may not exceed five percent (5%) of the liquidation value of the investment company’s portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such investments). Alternatively, the aggregate net notional value of such instruments, determined at the time of the most recent position established, may not exceed one hundred percent (100%) of the liquidation value of the investment company’s portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). In addition to meeting one of the foregoing trading limitations, the investment company may not market itself as a commodity pool or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in the commodity futures, commodity options or swaps and derivatives markets. In the event that the Adviser was required to register as a CPO with respect to a Fund, the disclosure and operations of the Fund would need to comply with all applicable CFTC regulations.
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An index futures contract is a bilateral agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to a specified dollar amount times the difference between the index value at the close of trading of the contract and the price at which the futures contract is originally struck. No physical delivery of the securities comprising the index is made; generally contracts are closed out prior to the expiration date of the contract.
When a Fund purchases or sells a futures contract, or sells an option thereon, the Fund is required to “cover” its position in order to limit leveraging and related risks. To cover its position, the Fund may segregate (and mark-to-market on a daily basis) cash or liquid securities that, when added to any amounts deposited with a futures commission merchant as margin, are equal to the market value of the futures contract or otherwise “cover” its position in a manner consistent with the 1940 Act or the rules and SEC interpretations thereunder. The segregated account functions as a practical limit on the amount of leverage which the Fund may undertake and on the potential increase in the speculative character of the Fund’s outstanding portfolio securities. Additionally, such segregated accounts will generally assure the availability of adequate funds to meet the obligations of the Fund arising from such investment activities.
A Fund may also cover its long position in a futures contract by purchasing a put option on the same futures contract with a strike price (i.e., an exercise price) as high or higher than the price of the futures contract. In the alternative, if the strike price of the put is less than the price of the futures contract, the Fund will segregate cash or liquid securities equal in value to the difference between the strike price of the put and the price of the futures contract. A Fund may also cover its long position in a futures contract by taking a short position in the instruments underlying the futures contract, or by taking positions in instruments with prices which are expected to move relatively consistently with the futures contract. A Fund may cover its short position in a futures contract by taking a long position in the instruments underlying the futures contracts, or by taking positions in instruments with prices which are expected to move relatively consistently with the futures contract.
A Fund may cover its sale of a call option on a futures contract by taking a long position in the underlying futures contract at a price less than or equal to the strike price of the call option. In the alternative, if the long position in the underlying futures contract is established at a price greater than the strike price of the written (sold) call, the Fund will maintain in a segregated account cash or liquid securities equal in value to the difference between the strike price of the call and the price of the futures contract. A Fund may also cover its sale of a call option by taking positions in instruments with prices which are expected to move relatively consistently with the call option. A Fund may cover its sale of a put option on a futures contract by taking a short position in the underlying futures contract at a price greater than or equal to the strike price of the put option, or, if the short position in the underlying futures contract is established at a price less than the strike price of the written put, the Fund will maintain in a segregated account cash or liquid securities equal in value to the difference between the strike price of the put and the price of the futures contract. A Fund may also cover its sale of a put option by taking positions in instruments with prices which are expected to move relatively consistently with the put option.
There are significant risks associated with a Fund’s use of futures contracts and related options, including the following: (1) the success of a hedging strategy may depend on the Adviser’s ability to predict movements in the prices of individual securities, fluctuations in markets and movements in interest rates; (2) there may be an imperfect or no correlation between the changes in market value of the securities held by the Fund and the prices of futures and options on futures; (3) there may not be a liquid secondary market for a futures contract or option; (4) trading restrictions or limitations may be imposed by an exchange; and (5) government regulations may restrict trading in futures contracts and options on futures. In addition, some strategies reduce the Fund’s exposure to price fluctuations, while others tend to increase its market exposure.
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Illiquid Securities. Illiquid securities are securities that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business (within seven days) at approximately the prices at which they are valued. Because of their illiquid nature, illiquid securities must be priced at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. Despite such good faith efforts to determine fair value prices, a Fund’s illiquid securities are subject to the risk that the security’s fair value price may differ from the actual price which the Fund may ultimately realize upon its sale or disposition. Difficulty in selling illiquid securities may result in a loss or may be costly to a Fund. Under the supervision of the Company’s Board of Directors, the Adviser determines the liquidity of each Fund’s investments. In determining the liquidity of the Fund’s investments, the Adviser may consider various factors, including: (1) the frequency and volume of trades and quotations; (2) the number of dealers and prospective purchasers in the marketplace; (3) dealer undertakings to make a market; and (4) the nature of the security and the market in which it trades (including any demand, put or tender features, the mechanics and other requirements for transfer, any letters of credit or other credit enhancement features, any ratings, the number of holders, the method of soliciting offers, the time required to dispose of the security, and the ability to assign or offset the rights and obligations of the security). The Funds will not hold more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.
Inflation-Protected Securities. Each Fund may invest in inflation-protected securities issued by the U.S. Treasury, known as “TIPs” or “Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities,” which are debt securities whose principal and interest payments are adjusted for inflation and interest is paid on the adjusted amount. The inflation adjustment, which is typically applied monthly to the principal of the bond, follows a designated inflation index, such as the consumer price index. A fixed coupon rate is applied to the inflation-adjusted principal so that as inflation rises, both the principal value and the interest payments increase. This can provide investors with a hedge against inflation, as it helps preserve the purchasing power of the investment. Inflation-protected securities normally will decline in price when real interest rates rise. (A real interest rate is calculated by subtracting the inflation rate from a nominal interest rate. For example, if a 10-year Treasury note is yielding 5% and inflation is 2%, the real interest rate is 3%.) If inflation is negative, the principal and income of an inflation-protected security will decline and could result in losses for a Fund.
Any increase in principal for an inflation-protected security resulting from inflation adjustments is considered by Internal Revenue Service regulations to be taxable income in the year it occurs. For direct holders of an inflation-protected security, this means that taxes must be paid on principal adjustments even though these amounts are not received until the bond matures. By contrast, a Fund holding these securities distributes both interest income and the income attributable to principal adjustments in the form of cash or reinvested shares, which are taxable to shareholders.
Initial Public Offerings. To the extent consistent with its investment policies and limitations, each Fund may purchase stock in an initial public offering (“IPO”). An IPO is a company’s first offering of stock to the public. Risks associated with IPOs may include considerable fluctuation in the market value of IPO shares due to certain factors, such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading, a limited number of shares available for trading, lack of information about the issuer and limited operating history. The purchase of IPO shares may involve high transaction costs. When a Fund’s asset base is small, a significant portion of the Fund’s performance could be attributable to investments in IPOs, because such investments would have a magnified impact on the underlying investment company. As the Fund’s assets grow, the effect of the Fund’s investments in IPOs on the Fund’s performance probably will decline, which could reduce the Fund’s performance. Because of the price volatility of IPO shares, a Fund may choose to hold IPO shares for a very short period of time. This may increase the turnover of the Fund’s portfolio and may lead to increased expenses to the Fund, such as commissions and transaction costs. In addition, a Fund cannot guarantee continued access to IPOs.
Investment Company Shares. Each Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies to the extent permitted by applicable law and subject to certain restrictions. These investment companies typically incur fees that are separate from those fees incurred directly by the Fund. A Fund’s purchase of such investment company securities results in the layering of expenses, such that shareholders would indirectly bear a proportionate share of the operating expenses of such investment companies, including advisory fees, in addition to paying the Fund’s expenses. Unless an exception is available, Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act prohibits a fund from (i) acquiring more than 3% of the voting shares of any one investment company, (ii) investing more than 5% of its total assets in any one investment company, and (iii) investing more than 10% of its total assets in all investment companies combined. These limits will not apply to the investment of uninvested cash balances in shares of registered or unregistered money market funds whether affiliated or unaffiliated. The foregoing exemption, however, only applies to an unregistered money market fund that (i) limits its investments to those in which a money market fund may invest under Rule 2a-7 of the 1940 Act, and (ii) undertakes to comply with all the other provisions of Rule 2a-7.
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For hedging or other purposes, a Fund may invest in investment companies that seek to track the composition and/or performance of specific indexes or portions of specific indexes. Certain of these investment companies, known as exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), are traded on a securities exchange. The market prices of index-based investments will fluctuate in accordance with changes in the underlying portfolio securities of the investment company and also due to supply and demand of the investment company’s shares on the exchange upon which the shares are traded. Index-based investments may not replicate or otherwise match the composition or performance of their specified index due to transaction costs, among other things.
Investments by a Fund in other investment companies, including ETFs, will be subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act except as permitted by SEC orders. The Funds may rely on SEC orders that permit them to invest in certain ETFs beyond the limits contained in the 1940 Act, subject to certain terms and conditions. Generally, these terms and conditions require the Company’s Board of Directors to approve policies and procedures relating to certain of the Fund’s investments in ETFs. These policies and procedures require, among other things, that (i) the Adviser conducts the Fund’s investment in ETFs without regard to any consideration received by the Fund or any of its affiliated persons and (ii) the Adviser certifies to the Company’s Board of Directors quarterly that it has not received any consideration in connection with an investment by the Fund in an ETF, or if it has, the amount and purpose of the consideration will be reported to the Company’s Board of Directors and an equivalent amount of advisory fees shall be waived by the Adviser.
Certain investment companies whose securities are purchased by a Fund may not be obligated to redeem such securities in an amount exceeding 1% of the investment company’s total outstanding securities during any period of less than 30 days. Therefore, such securities that exceed this amount may be illiquid.
If required by the 1940 Act, the Funds expect to vote the shares of other investment companies that are held by it in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of such securities.
Large Shareholder Purchase and Redemption Risk. Each Fund may experience adverse effects when certain large shareholders purchase or redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund. Such large shareholder redemptions may cause a Fund to sell its securities at times when it would not otherwise do so, which may negatively impact the Fund’s NAV and liquidity. Similarly, large share purchases may adversely affect the Fund’s performance to the extent that the Fund is delayed in investing new cash and is required to maintain a larger cash position than it ordinarily would. In addition, a large redemption could result in the Fund’s current expenses being allocated over a smaller asset base, leading to an increase in the Fund’s expense ratio. However, this risk may be limited to the extent that the Adviser and the Fund have entered into a fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement arrangement.
Money Market Securities. During unusual economic or market conditions, or for temporary defensive or liquidity purposes, each Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in money market instruments (the types of which are discussed below) that would not ordinarily be consistent with the Fund’s objective. For purposes of these policies, money market securities include (i) short-term U.S. government securities, including custodial receipts evidencing separately traded interest and principal components of securities issued by the U.S. Treasury; (ii) commercial paper rated in the highest short-term rating category by a nationally recognized statistical ratings organization (“NRSRO”), such as S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) or Moody’s, or determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality at the time of purchase; (iii) short-term bank obligations (certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers’ acceptances) of U.S. domestic banks, foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks, and commercial banks with assets of at least $1 billion as of the end of their most recent fiscal year; and (iv) repurchase agreements involving such securities. Each of these types of money market securities is discussed in more detail below. For a description of ratings, see Appendix A to this SAI.
Obligations of Domestic Banks, Foreign Banks and Foreign Branches of U.S. Banks. Each Fund may invest in obligations issued by banks and other savings institutions. Investments in bank obligations include obligations of domestic branches of foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks. Such investments in domestic branches of foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks may involve risks that are different from investments in securities of domestic branches of U.S. banks. These risks may include future unfavorable political and economic developments, possible withholding taxes on interest income, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, currency controls, interest limitations, or other governmental restrictions which might affect the payment of principal or interest on the securities held by a Fund. Additionally, these institutions may be subject to less stringent reserve requirements and to different accounting, auditing, reporting and recordkeeping requirements than those applicable to domestic branches of U.S. banks. Bank obligations include the following:
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● | Bankers’ Acceptances . Bankers’ acceptances are bills of exchange or time drafts drawn on and accepted by a commercial bank. Corporations use bankers’ acceptances to finance the shipment and storage of goods and to furnish dollar exchange. Maturities are generally six months or less. |
● | Certificates of Deposit . Certificates of deposit are interest-bearing instruments with a specific maturity. They are issued by banks and savings and loan institutions in exchange for the deposit of funds and normally can be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Certificates of deposit with penalties for early withdrawal will be considered illiquid. |
● | Time Deposits. Time deposits are non-negotiable receipts issued by a bank in exchange for the deposit of funds. Like a certificate of deposit, it earns a specified rate of interest over a definite period of time; however, it cannot be traded in the secondary market. Time deposits with a withdrawal penalty or that mature in more than seven days are considered to be illiquid securities. |
Options. Each Fund may purchase and write put and call options on securities and securities indices and enter into related closing transactions. A put option on a security gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and the writer of the option the obligation to buy, the underlying security at any time during the option period. A call option on a security gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer of the option the obligation to sell, the underlying security at any time during the option period. The premium paid to the writer is the consideration for undertaking the obligations under the option contract.
Put and call options on securities indices are similar to options on securities except that options on an index give the holder the right to receive, upon exercise of the option, an amount of cash if the closing level of the underlying index is greater than (or less than, in the case of puts) the exercise price of the option. This amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the option, expressed in dollars multiplied by a specified number. Thus, unlike options on individual securities, all settlements are in cash, and gain or loss depends on price movements in the particular market represented by the index generally, rather than the price movements in individual securities.
All options written on indices or securities must be covered. When a Fund writes an option on a security or an index, it will establish a segregated account containing cash or liquid securities in an amount at least equal to the market value of the option and will maintain the account while the option is open or will otherwise cover the transaction.
A Fund may trade put and call options on securities and securities indices, as the Adviser determines is appropriate in seeking the Fund’s investment objective, and except as restricted by the Fund’s investment limitations. See “Investment Limitations.”
The initial purchase (sale) of an option contract is an “opening transaction.” In order to close out an option position, a Fund may enter into a “closing transaction,” which is simply the sale (purchase) of an option contract on the same security with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option contract originally opened. If a Fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction with respect to an option it has written, it will not be able to sell the underlying security until the option expires or the Fund delivers the security upon exercise.
A Fund may purchase put and call options on securities to protect against a decline in the market value of the securities in its portfolio or to anticipate an increase in the market value of securities that the Fund may seek to purchase in the future. A Fund purchasing put and call options pays a premium therefor. If price movements in the underlying securities are such that exercise of the options would not be profitable for a Fund, loss of the premium paid may be offset by an increase in the value of the Fund’s securities or by a decrease in the cost of acquisition of securities by the Fund.
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A Fund may write covered call options on securities as a means of increasing the yield on its assets and as a means of providing limited protection against decreases in its market value. When a Fund writes an option, if the underlying securities do not increase or decrease to a price level that would make the exercise of the option profitable to the holder thereof, the option generally will expire without being exercised and the Fund will realize as profit the premium received for such option. When a call option of which a Fund is the writer is exercised, the Fund will be required to sell the underlying securities to the option holder at the strike price, and will not participate in any increase in the price of such securities above the strike price. When a put option of which a Fund is the writer is exercised, the Fund will be required to purchase the underlying securities at a price in excess of the market value of such securities.
A Fund may purchase and write options on an exchange or over-the-counter. Over-the-counter options (“OTC options”) differ from exchange-traded options in several respects. They are transacted directly with dealers and not with a clearing corporation, and therefore entail the risk of non-performance by the dealer. OTC options are available for a greater variety of securities and for a wider range of expiration dates and exercise prices than are available for exchange-traded options. Because OTC options are not traded on an exchange, pricing is done normally by reference to information from a market maker. It is the SEC’s position that OTC options are generally illiquid.
The market value of an option generally reflects the market price of an underlying security. Other principal factors affecting market value include supply and demand, interest rates, the pricing volatility of the underlying security and the time remaining until the expiration date.
Risks associated with options transactions include: (1) the success of a hedging strategy may depend on an ability to predict movements in the prices of individual securities, fluctuations in markets and movements in interest rates; (2) there may be an imperfect correlation between the movement in prices of options and the securities underlying them; (3) there may not be a liquid secondary market for options; and (4) while a Fund will receive a premium when it writes covered call options, it may not participate fully in a rise in the market value of the underlying security.
Repurchase Agreements. Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with financial institutions. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which a Fund acquires a fixed income security (generally a security issued by the U.S. government or an agency thereof, a banker’s acceptance, or a certificate of deposit) from a commercial bank, broker, or dealer, and simultaneously agrees to resell such security to the seller at an agreed upon price and date (normally, the next business day). Because the security purchased constitutes collateral for the repurchase obligation, a repurchase agreement may be considered a loan that is collateralized by the security purchased. The acquisition of a repurchase agreement may be deemed to be an acquisition of the underlying securities as long as the obligation of the seller to repurchase the securities is collateralized fully. The Funds follow certain procedures designed to minimize the risks inherent in such agreements. These procedures include effecting repurchase transactions only with creditworthy financial institutions whose condition will be continually monitored by the Adviser. The repurchase agreements entered into by a Fund will provide that the underlying collateral at all times shall have a value at least equal to 102% of the resale price stated in the agreement and consist only of securities permissible under Section 101(47)(A)(i) of the Bankruptcy Code (the Adviser monitors compliance with this requirement). Under all repurchase agreements entered into by a Fund, the custodian or its agent must take possession of the underlying collateral. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, the Fund will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercising of the Fund’s right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the Fund could suffer a loss. It is the current policy of the Funds, not to invest in repurchase agreements that do not mature within seven days if any such investment, together with any other illiquid assets held by that Fund, amounts to more than 15% of the Fund’s total assets. The investments of a Fund in repurchase agreements, at times, may be substantial when, in the view of the Adviser, liquidity or other considerations so warrant.
Restricted Securities. Each Fund may purchase securities which are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (“1933 Act”) but which may be sold to “qualified institutional buyers” in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act (“Restricted Securities”). These securities will not be considered illiquid so long as it is determined by the Adviser that an adequate trading market exists for the securities. This investment practice could have the effect of increasing the level of illiquidity in an underlying investment company during any period that qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in purchasing restricted securities. In reaching liquidity decisions, the Adviser may consider, among others, the following factors: (1) the unregistered nature of the security; (2) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (3) the number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers; (4) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (5) the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of the transfer).
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The purchase price and subsequent valuation of Restricted Securities normally reflect a discount from the price at which such securities trade when they are not restricted, since the restriction makes them less liquid. The amount of the discount from the prevailing market price is expected to vary depending upon the type of security, the character of the issuer, the party who will bear the expenses of registering the Restricted Securities and prevailing supply and demand conditions.
As consistent with each Fund’s respective investment objective, the Fund may also invest in Section 4(2) commercial paper. Section 4(2) commercial paper is issued in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Act and is generally sold to institutional investors who purchase for investment. Any resale of such commercial paper must be in an exempt transaction, usually to an institutional investor through the issuer or investment dealers who make a market in such commercial paper. The Company believes that Section 4(2) commercial paper is liquid to the extent it meets the criteria established by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company intends to treat such commercial paper as liquid and not subject to the investment limitations applicable to illiquid securities or restricted securities.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Each Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with respect to portfolio securities for temporary purposes (such as to obtain cash to meet redemption requests) when the liquidation of portfolio securities is deemed disadvantageous or inconvenient by the Adviser. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by a Fund subject to the Fund’s agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and rate of interest. Such agreements are considered to be borrowings under the 1940 Act and may be entered into only for temporary or emergency purposes. While reverse repurchase transactions are outstanding, the Fund will maintain in a segregated account with the Fund’s custodian or a qualified sub-custodian, cash or liquid securities of an amount at least equal to the market value of the securities, plus accrued interest, subject to the agreement and will monitor the account to ensure that such value is maintained. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by the Fund may decline below the price of the securities the Fund is obligated to repurchase and the interest received on the cash exchanged for the securities.
Rights Offerings and Purchase Warrants. Rights offerings and purchase warrants are privileges issued by a corporation which enable the owner to subscribe to and purchase a specified number of shares of the corporation at a specified price during a specified period of time. Subscription rights normally have a short lifespan to expiration. The purchase of rights or warrants involves the risk that a Fund could lose the purchase value of a right or warrant if the right to subscribe to additional shares is not executed prior to the right’s or warrant’s expiration. Also, the purchase of rights and/or warrants involves the risk that the effective price paid for the right and/or warrant added to the subscription price of the related security may exceed the value of the subscribed security’s market price such as when there is no movement in the level of the underlying security.
Risk Considerations of Medium Grade Securities. Debt obligations in the lowest investment grade ( i.e. , BBB or Baa), referred to as “medium grade” obligations, have speculative characteristics, and changes in economic conditions and other factors are more likely to lead to weakened capacity to make interest payments and repay principal on these obligations than is the case for higher rated securities. In the event that a security purchased by a Fund is subsequently downgraded below investment grade, the Adviser will consider such event in its determination of whether the Fund should continue to hold the security.
Risk Considerations of Lower Rated Securities. Each Fund may invest in fixed income securities that are not investment grade but are rated as low as B by Moody’s Investors Service or B by S&P ® Global Ratings (or their equivalents or, if unrated, determined by the Adviser to be of comparable credit quality). In the case of a security that is rated differently by two or more rating services, the higher rating is used in connection with the foregoing limitation. In the event that the rating on a security held in a Fund’s portfolio is downgraded by a rating service, such action will be considered by the Adviser in its evaluation of the overall investment merits of that security, but will not necessarily result in the sale of the security. The widespread expansion of government, consumer and corporate debt within the U.S. economy has made the corporate sector, especially cyclically sensitive industries, more vulnerable to economic downturns or increased interest rates. An economic downturn could severely disrupt the market for high yield fixed income securities and adversely affect the value of outstanding fixed income securities and the ability of the issuers to repay principal and interest.
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Each Fund may invest in high yield debt obligations, such as bonds and debentures, issued by corporations and other business organizations. A Fund will invest in high yield debt instruments when the Fund believes that such instruments offer a better risk/reward profile than comparable equity opportunities. High yield fixed income securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”) are considered speculative investments while generally providing greater income than investments in higher rated securities, involve greater risk of loss of principal and income (including the possibility of default or bankruptcy of the issuers of such securities) and may involve greater volatility of price (especially during periods of economic uncertainty or change) than securities in the higher rating categories. Since yields vary over time, no specific level of income can ever be assured.
The prices of high yield fixed income securities have been found to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher-rated investments but more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments. Also, during an economic downturn or substantial period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress, which would adversely affect their ability to service their principal and interest payment obligations, to meet projected business goals and to obtain additional financing. If the issuer of a fixed income security owned by a Fund defaulted, the Fund could incur additional expenses in attempting to obtain a recovery. In addition, periods of economic uncertainty and changes can be expected to result in increased volatility of market prices of high yield fixed income securities and the Fund’s NAV to the extent it holds such securities.
High yield fixed income securities also present risks based on payment expectations. For example, high yield fixed income securities may contain redemption or call provisions. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a declining interest rate market, a Fund may, to the extent it holds such fixed income securities, have to replace the securities with a lower yielding security, which may result in a decreased return for investors. Conversely, a high yield fixed income security’s value will decrease in a rising interest rate market, as will the value of a Fund’s assets, to the extent it holds such fixed income securities. In addition, to the extent that there is no established retail secondary market, there may be thin trading of high yield fixed income securities, and this may have an impact on the Adviser’s ability to accurately value such securities and a Fund’s assets and on the Fund’s ability to dispose of such securities. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield fixed income securities, especially in a thinly traded market.
New laws proposed or adopted from time to time may have an impact on the market for high yield securities.
Finally, there are risks involved in applying credit or dividend ratings as a method for evaluating high yield securities. For example, ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest or dividend payments, not market value risk of high yield securities. Also, since rating agencies may fail to timely change the credit ratings to reflect subsequent events, each Fund will continuously monitor the issuers of high yield securities in its portfolio, if any, to determine if the issuers will have sufficient cash flow and profits to meet required principal and interest payments, and to assure the security’s liquidity so the Fund can meet redemption requests.
Securities Lending. Each Fund may lend its portfolio securities to financial institutions. Such loans would involve risks of delay in receiving additional collateral in the event the value of the collateral decreases below the value of the securities loaned or of delay in recovering the securities loaned or even loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially. However, loans will be made only to borrowers which the Adviser deems to be of good standing and only when, in the Adviser’s judgment, the income to be earned from the loans justifies the attendant risks. A Fund may not make loans in excess of 33 1/3 % of the value of its total assets. A Fund may pay a part of the interest earned from the investment of collateral, or other fee, to an unaffiliated or, to the extent consistent with the 1940 Act or the rules and SEC interpretations thereunder, affiliated third party for acting as a Fund’s securities lending agent.
By lending its securities, a Fund may increase its income by receiving payments from the borrower that reflect the amount of any interest or any dividends payable on the loaned securities as well as by either investing cash collateral received from the borrower in short-term instruments or obtaining a fee from the borrower when U.S. government securities or letters of credit are used as collateral. A Fund does not have the right to vote loaned securities. A Fund may attempt to call loaned securities back to permit the exercise of voting rights if time and jurisdictional restrictions permit. There is no guarantee that all loans can be recalled.
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Securities of Other Investment Companies. Securities of other investment companies, including shares of exchange-traded funds, closed-end investment companies, unit investment trusts, open-end investment companies and real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), represent interests in professionally managed portfolios that may invest in any type of instrument. Investing in other investment companies involves substantially the same risks as investing directly in the underlying instruments, but may involve additional expenses at the investment company-level, such as portfolio management fees and operating expenses. Certain types of investment companies, such as closed-end investment companies, issue a fixed number of shares that trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter at a premium or a discount to their net asset value. Others are continuously offered at net asset value, but may also be traded in the secondary market. Federal securities laws limit the extent to which the Fund can invest in securities of other investment companies. Each Fund is prohibited from acquiring the securities of another investment company if, as a result of such acquisition: (i) a Fund owns more than 3% of the total voting stock of the other company; (ii) securities issued by any one investment company represent more than 5% of a Fund’s total assets; or (iii) securities issued by all investment companies represent more than 10% of the total assets of a Fund, unless it does so in reliance on a statutory exemption under the 1940 Act, rule, or SEC staff interpretations thereunder.
Special Situation Companies. Each Fund may invest in “Special Situations.” The term “Special Situation” shall be deemed to refer to a security of a company in which an unusual and possibly non-repetitive development is taking place which, in the opinion of the Adviser, may cause the security to attain a higher market value independently, to a degree, of the trend in the securities market in general. The particular development (actual or prospective), which may qualify a security as a Special Situation, may be one of many different types.
Such developments may include, among others, a technological improvement or important discovery or acquisition which, if the expectation for it materialized, would effect a substantial change in the company’s business; a reorganization; a recapitalization or other development involving a security exchange or conversion; a merger, liquidation or distribution of cash, securities or other assets; a breakup or workout of a holding company; litigation which, if resolved favorably, would improve the value of the company’s stock; a new or changed management; or material changes in management policies. A Special Situation may often involve a comparatively small company, which is not well known, and which has not been closely watched by investors generally, but it may also involve a large company. The fact, if it exists, that an increase in the company’s earnings, dividends or business is expected, or that a given security is considered to be undervalued, would not in itself be sufficient to qualify as a Special Situation. A Fund may invest in securities (even if not Special Situations) which, in the opinion of the Adviser, are appropriate investments for the Fund, including securities which the Adviser believes are undervalued by the market. The Funds are not required to invest any minimum percentage of their aggregate portfolio in “Special Situations,” nor are they required to invest any minimum percentage of their aggregate portfolio in securities other than “Special Situations.”
Temporary Defensive Positions. In anticipation of or in response to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, a Fund may take temporary defensive positions (up to 100% of its assets) in cash, cash equivalents and all types of money market and short-term debt securities. If a Fund were to take a temporary defensive position, it may be unable for a time to achieve its investment objective.
U.S. Government Securities. Each Fund may invest in U.S. government securities. Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities include U.S. Treasury securities, which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury and which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and times of issuance. U.S. Treasury bills have initial maturities of one-year or less; U.S. Treasury notes have initial maturities of one to ten years; and U.S. Treasury bonds generally have initial maturities of greater than ten years. Certain U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government including, but not limited to, obligations of U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities such as Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the Small Business Administration, the Federal Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Home Loan Banks, Banks for Cooperatives (including the Central Bank for Cooperatives), the Federal Land Banks, the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Federal Financing Bank, the Student Loan Marketing Association, the National Credit Union Administration and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (“Farmer Mac”).
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Some obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities, including, for example, Ginnie Mae pass-through certificates, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those securities issued by Fannie Mae, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the federal agency, while other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, while the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored federal agencies, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will always do so, since the U.S. government is not so obligated by law. U.S. Treasury notes and bonds typically pay coupon interest semi-annually and repay the principal at maturity.
The extreme and unprecedented volatility and disruption that impacted the capital and credit markets during late 2008 and into 2009 have led to increased market concerns about Freddie Mac’s and Fannie Mae’s ability to withstand future credit losses associated with securities held in their investment portfolios, and on which they provide guarantees, without the direct support of the federal government. On September 6, 2008, both Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were placed under the conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”). Under the plan of conservatorship, the FHFA has assumed control of, and generally has the power to direct, the operations of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and is empowered to exercise all powers collectively held by their respective shareholders, directors and officers, including the power to (1) take over the assets of and operate Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae with all the powers of the shareholders, the directors, and the officers of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and conduct all business of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (2) collect all obligations and money due to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (3) perform all functions of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which are consistent with the conservator’s appointment; (4) preserve and conserve the assets and property of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; and (5) contract for assistance in fulfilling any function, activity, action or duty of the conservator. In addition, in connection with the actions taken by the FHFA, the U.S. Treasury Department (the “Treasury”) has entered into certain preferred stock purchase agreements with each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which establish the Treasury as the holder of a new class of senior preferred stock in each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, which stock was issued in connection with financial contributions from the Treasury to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The conditions attached to the financial contribution made by the Treasury to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and the issuance of this senior preferred stock place significant restrictions on the activities of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae must obtain the consent of the Treasury to, among other things, (i) make any payment to purchase or redeem its capital stock or pay any dividend other than in respect of the senior preferred stock, (ii) issue capital stock of any kind, (iii) terminate the conservatorship of the FHFA except in connection with a receivership, or (iv) increase its debt beyond certain specified levels. In addition, significant restrictions are placed on the maximum size of each of Freddie Mac’s and Fannie Mae’s respective portfolios of mortgages and mortgage-backed securities portfolios, and the purchase agreements entered into by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae provide that the maximum size of their portfolios of these assets must decrease by a specified percentage each year. The future status and role of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae could be impacted by (among other things) the actions taken and restrictions placed on Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by the FHFA in its role as conservator, the restrictions placed on Freddie Mac’s and Fannie Mae’s operations and activities as a result of the senior preferred stock investment made by the Treasury, market responses to developments at Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and future legislative and regulatory action that alters the operations, ownership, structure and/or mission of these institutions, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows on any mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae.
● | U.S. Treasury Obligations. U.S. Treasury obligations consist of bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury and separately traded interest and principal component parts of such obligations that are transferable through the federal book-entry system known as Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal Securities (“STRIPS”) and Treasury Receipts (“TRs”). |
● | Receipts. Interests in separately traded interest and principal component parts of U.S. government obligations that are issued by banks or brokerage firms and are created by depositing U.S. government obligations into a special account at a custodian bank. The custodian bank holds the interest and principal payments for the benefit of the registered owners of the certificates or receipts. The custodian bank arranges for the issuance of the certificates or receipts evidencing ownership and maintains the register. TRs and STRIPS are interests in accounts sponsored by the U.S. Treasury. Receipts are sold as zero coupon securities. |
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● | U.S. Government Zero Coupon Securities. STRIPS and receipts are sold as zero coupon securities, that is, fixed income securities that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons. Zero coupon securities are sold at a (usually substantial) discount and redeemed at face value at their maturity date without interim cash payments of interest or principal. The amount of this discount is accreted over the life of the security, and the accretion constitutes the income earned on the security for both accounting and tax purposes. Because of these features, the market prices of zero coupon securities are generally more volatile than the market prices of securities that have similar maturity but that pay interest periodically. Zero coupon securities are likely to respond to a greater degree to interest rate changes than are non-zero coupon securities with similar maturity and credit qualities. |
● | U.S. Government Agencies. Some obligations issued or guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury, while still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. Guarantees of principal by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government may be a guarantee of payment at the maturity of the obligation so that in the event of a default prior to maturity there might not be a market and thus no means of realizing on the obligation prior to maturity. Guarantees as to the timely payment of principal and interest do not extend to the value or yield of these securities nor to the value of the Fund’s shares. |
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
Each Fund has adopted the following fundamental investment limitations which may not be changed with respect to a Fund without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding shares (as defined in Section 2(a) (42) of the 1940 Act). As used in this SAI and in the Prospectus, “shareholder approval” and a “majority of the outstanding shares” of a Fund means, with respect to the approval of an investment advisory agreement, a distribution plan or a change in a fundamental investment limitation, the lesser of (1) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present in person or by proxy, or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. Unless otherwise noted, a Fund’s investment goals and strategies described in the Prospectus may be changed by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) without the approval of the Fund’s shareholders.
The U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund may not:
1. | Borrow money or issue senior securities, except that the Fund may borrow from banks and enter into reverse repurchase agreements provided that there is at least 300% asset coverage for the borrowings of the Fund. The Fund may not mortgage, pledge or hypothecate any assets, except in connection with any such borrowing and then in amounts not in excess of one-third of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the time of such borrowing. However, the amount shall not be in excess of lesser of the dollar amounts borrowed or 33 1/3% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the time of such borrowing, provided that: (a) short sales and related borrowings of securities are not subject to this restriction; and (b) for the purposes of this restriction, collateral arrangements with respect to options, short sales, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, collateral arrangements with respect to initial and variation margin and collateral arrangements with respect to derivatives instruments are not deemed to be a pledge or other encumbrance of assets. Securities held in escrow or separate accounts in connection with the Fund’s investment practices are not considered to be borrowings or deemed to be pledged for purposes of this limitation; |
2. | Act as an underwriter of securities within the meaning of the 1933 Act, except insofar as it might be deemed to be an underwriter upon disposition of certain portfolio securities acquired within the limitation on purchases of restricted securities; |
3. | Purchase or sell real estate (including real estate limited partnership interests), provided that a Fund may invest: (a) in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies that invest in real estate or interests therein; or (b) in real estate investment trusts; |
4 | Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts, except that the Fund may purchase and sell options, futures contracts and related options on such futures contracts; |
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5. | Make loans, except through loans of portfolio securities and repurchase agreements, provided that for purposes of this restriction the acquisition of bonds, debentures or other debt instruments or interests therein and investment in government obligations, loan participations and assignments, short-term commercial paper, certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances shall not be deemed to be the making of a loan; |
6. | Invest 25% or more of its total assets, taken at market value at the time of each investment, in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that (a) there is no limitation with respect to (i) instruments issued or guaranteed by the United States, any state, territory or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia or any of their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions, and (ii) repurchase agreements secured by the instruments described in clause (i); (b) wholly-owned finance companies will be considered to be in the industries of their parents if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of the parents; and (c) utilities will be divided according to their services, for example, gas, gas transmission, electric and gas, electric and telephone will each be considered a separate industry; or |
7. | Purchase the securities of any one issuer, other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, if immediately after and as a result of such purchase, more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of such issuer, or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer would be owned by the Fund, except that up to 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested without regard to such limitations. |
The Small Cap Low Volatility Fund may not:
1. | Borrow money or issue senior securities, except that the Fund may borrow from banks and enter into reverse repurchase agreements provided that there is at least 300% asset coverage for the borrowings of the Fund. The Fund may not mortgage, pledge or hypothecate any assets, except in connection with any such borrowing and then in amounts not in excess of one-third of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the time of such borrowing. However, the amount shall not be in excess of lesser of the dollar amounts borrowed or 33 1/3% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the time of such borrowing, provided that: (a) short sales and related borrowings of securities are not subject to this restriction; and (b) for the purposes of this restriction, collateral arrangements with respect to options, short sales, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, collateral arrangements with respect to initial and variation margin and collateral arrangements with respect to derivatives instruments are not deemed to be a pledge or other encumbrance of assets. Securities held in escrow or separate accounts in connection with the Fund’s investment practices are not considered to be borrowings or deemed to be pledged for purposes of this limitation; |
2. | Act as an underwriter of securities within the meaning of the 1933 Act, except insofar as it might be deemed to be an underwriter upon disposition of certain portfolio securities acquired within the limitation on purchases of restricted securities; |
3. | Purchase or sell real estate (including real estate limited partnership interests), provided that the Fund may invest: (a) in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies that invest in real estate or interests therein; or (b) in real estate investment trusts; |
4. | Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts, except that the Fund may purchase and sell options, futures contracts and related options on such futures contracts; |
5. | Make loans, except through loans of portfolio securities and repurchase agreements, provided that for purposes of this restriction the acquisition of bonds, debentures or other debt instruments or interests therein and investment in government obligations, loan participations and assignments, short-term commercial paper, certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances shall not be deemed to be the making of a loan; |
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6. | Invest 25% or more of its total assets, taken at market value at the time of each investment, in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry or group of industries, provided that (a) there is no limitation with respect to (i) instruments issued or guaranteed by the United States, any state, territory or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia or any of their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions, and (ii) repurchase agreements secured by the instruments described in clause (i); (b) wholly-owned finance companies will be considered to be in the industries of their parents if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of the parents; (c) utilities will be divided according to their services, for example, gas, gas transmission, electric and gas, electric and telephone will each be considered a separate industry; and (d) a private activity bond that is backed only by the assets and revenues of a non-governmental user is considered to be issued by such non-governmental user; or |
7. | Purchase the securities of any one issuer, other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, if immediately after and as a result of such purchase, more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of such issuer, or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer would be owned by the Fund, except that up to 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested without regard to such limitations. |
The Global Low Volatility Fund may not:
1. | Purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the total assets of the Fund to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that this limitation does not apply to investments in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies and instrumentalities and repurchase agreements involving such securities. |
2. | Borrow money in an amount exceeding 33 1/3 % of the value of its total assets, provided that, for purposes of this limitation, investment strategies which either obligate the Fund to purchase securities or require the Fund to segregate assets are not considered to be borrowings. Asset coverage of at least 300% is required for all borrowings, except where the Fund has borrowed money for temporary purposes in amounts not exceeding 5% of its total assets. |
3. | Make loans if, as a result, more than 33 1/3 % of its total assets would be lent to other parties, except that the Fund may (i) purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with its investment objective and policies; (ii) enter into repurchase agreements; and (iii) lend its securities. |
4. | Purchase or sell real estate, physical commodities, or commodities contracts, except that the Fund may purchase (i) marketable securities issued by companies which own or invest in real estate (including REITs), commodities, or commodities contracts; and (ii) commodities contracts relating to financial instruments, such as financial futures contracts and options on such contracts. |
5. | Issue senior securities as defined in the 1940 Act except as permitted by rule, regulation or order of the SEC. |
6. | Act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers except as it may be deemed an underwriter in selling a portfolio security. |
In addition to the fundamental investment limitations specified above, the U.S. Low Volatility Fund and Small Cap Low Volatility Fund are subject to the following non-fundamental limitations, which may be changed without shareholder approval, in compliance with applicable law and regulatory policy. The U.S. Low Volatility Fund and Small Cap Low Volatility Fund may not:
1. | Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or management, but investments by a Fund in wholly-owned investment entities created under the laws of certain countries will not be deemed the making of investments for the purpose of exercising control or management; or |
2. | Purchase securities on margin, except that a Fund may use margin to the extent necessary to engage in short sales and may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of portfolio transactions; and provided that margin deposits in connection with options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts or other derivative instruments shall not constitute purchasing securities on margin. |
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The Global Low Volatility Fund is subject to the following additional non-fundamental limitations, which may be changed without shareholder approval, in compliance with applicable law and regulatory policy. The Global Low Volatility Fund may not:
1. | Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate assets except to secure borrowings permitted by the Fund’s fundamental limitation on borrowing; provided that, such pledging, mortgaging or hypothecation does not exceed 5% of the Fund’s total assets. |
2. | Invest in companies for the purpose of exercising control. |
3. | Purchase securities on margin or effect short sales, except that the Fund may (i) obtain short-term credits as necessary for the clearance of security transactions; (ii) provide initial and variation margin payments in connection with transactions involving futures contracts and options on such contracts; (iii) make short sales “against the box”; and (iv) make short sales in compliance with the SEC’s position regarding the asset segregation requirements imposed by Section 18 of the 1940 Act. |
4. | Invest its assets in securities of any investment company, except as permitted by the 1940 Act. |
5. | Purchase or hold illiquid securities, i.e., securities that cannot be disposed of for their approximate carrying value in seven days or less (which term includes repurchase agreements and time deposits maturing in more than seven days) if, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in illiquid securities. The 15% limitation on investments in illiquid securities applies both at the time of initial purchase and while the Fund holds such securities. |
6. | Enter into futures contracts and options on futures contracts except as permitted by the Prospectus and in this SAI. |
Each Fund may invest in securities issued by other investment companies within the limits prescribed by the 1940 Act. As a shareholder of another investment company, a Fund would bear, along with other shareholders, its pro rata portion of the other investment company’s expenses, including advisory fees. These expenses would be in addition to the advisory and other expenses that a Fund bears directly in connection with its own operations.
Securities held by a Fund generally may not be purchased from, sold or loaned to the Adviser or its affiliates or any of their directors, officers or employees, acting as principal, unless pursuant to a rule or exemptive order under the 1940 Act.
If a percentage restriction under one of a Fund’s investment policies or limitations or the use of assets is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in percentages resulting from changing values will not be considered a violation (except with respect to any restrictions that may apply to borrowings or senior securities issued by the Fund).
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Company has adopted, on behalf of the Funds, a policy relating to the selective disclosure of a Fund’s portfolio holdings by the Adviser, director, officer, or third party service provider, in accordance with regulations that seek to ensure that disclosure of information about portfolio holdings is in the best interest of Fund shareholders. The policies relating to the disclosure of a Fund’s portfolio holdings are designed to allow disclosure of portfolio holdings information where necessary to the Fund’s operation without compromising the integrity or performance of the Fund. It is the policy of the Company that disclosure of a Fund’s portfolio holdings to a select person or persons prior to the release of such holdings to the public (“selective disclosure”) is prohibited, unless there are legitimate business purposes for selective disclosure.
18
The Company discloses portfolio holdings information as required in regulatory filings and shareholder reports, discloses portfolio holdings information as required by federal and state securities laws and may disclose portfolio holdings information in response to requests by governmental authorities. As required by the federal securities laws, including the 1940 Act, the Company will disclose each Fund’s portfolio holdings in applicable regulatory filings, including shareholder reports, reports on Form N-CSR and Form N-Q or such other filings, reports or disclosure documents as the applicable regulatory authorities may require.
The Company may distribute or authorize the distribution of information about a Fund’s portfolio holdings that is not publicly available to its third-party service providers, which include U.S. Bank, N.A., the custodian; U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (“USBFS”), the administrator, accounting agent and transfer agent; Ernst & Young LLP, the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm; Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, legal counsel; and FilePoint, the financial printer. These service providers are required to keep such information confidential, and are prohibited from trading based on the information or otherwise using the information except as necessary in providing services to a Fund. Such holdings are released on conditions of confidentiality, which include appropriate trading prohibitions. “Conditions of confidentiality” include confidentiality terms included in written agreements, implied by the nature of the relationship (e.g. attorney-client relationship), or required by fiduciary or regulatory principles (e.g., custody services provided by financial institutions). Portfolio holdings may also be provided earlier to shareholders and their agents who receive redemptions in kind that reflect a pro rata allocation of all securities held in a Fund’s portfolio.
Portfolio holdings may also be disclosed, upon authorization by a designated officer of the Adviser, to certain independent reporting agencies recognized by the SEC as acceptable agencies for the reporting of industry statistical information. Disclosures to financial consultants are also subject to a confidentiality agreement and/or trading restrictions as well as a 15 - day time lag. The foregoing disclosures are made pursuant to the Company’s policy on selective disclosure of portfolio holdings. The Board or a committee thereof may, in limited circumstances, permit other selective disclosure of portfolio holdings subject to a confidentiality agreement and/or trading restrictions. Portfolio holdings may also be provided earlier to shareholders and their agents who receive redemptions in kind that reflect a pro rata allocation of all securities held in a Fund’s portfolio.
The Adviser reserves the right to refuse to fulfill any request for portfolio holdings information from a shareholder or non-shareholder if it believes that providing such information will be contrary to the best interests of a Fund.
The Board provides ongoing oversight of the Company’s policies and procedures and compliance with such policies and procedures. As part of this oversight function, the Board receives from the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) as necessary, reports on compliance with these policies and procedures. In addition, the Board receives an annual assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of the policies and procedures with respect to a Fund, and any changes thereto, and an annual review of the operation of the policies and procedures. Any violation of the policy set forth above as well as any corrective action undertaken to address such violation must be reported by the Adviser, director, officer or third party service provider to the Company’s CCO, who will determine whether the violation should be reported immediately to the Board or at its next quarterly Board meeting.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Portfolio turnover measures the percentage of a Fund’s total portfolio market value that was purchased or sold during the period. A Fund’s turnover rate provides an indication of how transaction costs (which are not included in the Fund’s expenses) may affect the Fund’s performance. Also, funds with a high turnover may be more likely to distribute capital gains that may be taxable to shareholders.
A Fund’s portfolio turnover rates for the two most recent fiscal years are stated below. Portfolio turnover rates could change significantly in response to turbulent market conditions. The increase in the Small Cap Low Volatility Fund’s portfolio turnover rate for the fiscal period ended August 31, 2017 was due to increased portfolio trading activity over a full fiscal period.
19
Portfolio Turnover | ||
Fiscal
Year Ended
August 31, 2017 |
Fiscal
Year or Period Ended
August 31, 2016 |
|
U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund | 31% | 41% |
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund (2) | 95% | 0.01% (1) |
Global Low Volatility Fund | 247% | 375% |
(1) | Not annualized. |
(2) | The Small Cap Low Volatility Fund commenced operations on March 31, 2016. |
MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY
The business and affairs of the Company are managed under the oversight of the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to the laws of the State of Maryland and the Company’s Charter. The Directors are responsible for deciding matters of overall policy and overseeing the actions of the Company’s service providers. The officers of the Company conduct and supervise the Company’s daily business operations.
Directors who are not deemed to be “interested persons” of the Company (as defined in the 1940 Act) are referred to as “Independent Directors.” Directors who are deemed to be “interested persons” of the Company are referred to as “Interested Directors.” The Board is currently composed of seven Independent Directors and one Interested Director. The Board has selected Arnold M. Reichman, an Independent Director, to act as Chairman. Mr. Reichman’s duties include presiding at meetings of the Board and interfacing with management to address significant issues that may arise between regularly scheduled Board and Committee meetings. In the performance of his duties, Mr. Reichman will consult with the other Independent Directors and the Company’s officers and legal counsel, as appropriate. The Chairman may perform other functions as requested by the Board from time to time.
The Board meets as often as necessary to discharge its responsibilities. Currently, the Board conducts regular, in-person meetings at least four times a year, and holds special in-person or telephonic meetings as necessary to address specific issues that require attention prior to the next regularly scheduled meeting. The Board also relies on professionals, such as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firms and legal counsel, to assist the Directors in performing their oversight responsibilities.
The Board has established nine standing committees — Audit, Contract, Executive, Investment Risk, Nominating and Governance, Product Development, Regulatory Oversight, Strategic Oversight, and Valuation Committees. The Board may establish other committees, or nominate one or more Directors to examine particular issues related to the Board’s oversight responsibilities, from time to time. Each Committee meets periodically to perform its delegated oversight functions and reports its findings and recommendations to the Board. For more information on the Committees, see the section “Standing Board Committees,” below.
The Board has determined that the Company’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to effectively perform its oversight responsibilities.
20
Directors and Executive Officers
The Directors and executive officers of the Company, their ages, business addresses and principal occupations during the past five years are set forth below.
Name, Address, and Age | Position(s) Held with Company | Term of Office and Length of Time Served 1 |
Principal
Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Director* |
Other
Directorships Held by Director in the Past 5 Years |
INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS | |||||
Julian A. Brodsky
Milwaukee, WI 53202
|
Director | 1988 to present | From 1969 to 2011, Director and Vice Chairman, Comcast Corporation (cable television and communications). | 31 | AMDOCS Limited (service provider to telecommunications companies). |
J. Richard Carnall
Milwaukee, WI 53202
|
Director | 2002 to present |
Since 1984, Director of Haydon Bolts, Inc. (bolt manufacturer) and Parkway Real Estate Company (subsidiary of Haydon Bolts, Inc.); since 2004, Director of Cornerstone Bank. |
31 | None |
Gregory P. Chandler
Milwaukee, WI 53202
|
Director | 2012 to present |
Since 2009, Chief Financial Officer, Emtec, Inc. (information technology consulting/services); from 2003 to 2009, Managing Director, head of Business Services and IT Services Practice, Janney Montgomery Scott LLC (investment banking/brokerage). |
31 |
Emtec, Inc.; FS Investment Corporation (business development company); FS Energy and Power Fund (business development company).
|
Nicholas A. Giordano
Milwaukee, WI 53202
|
Director | 2006 to present | Since 1997, Consultant, financial services organizations. | 31 |
Kalmar Pooled Investment Trust (registered investment company)(until September 2017); Wilmington Funds (12 portfolios)(registered investment company); Independence Blue Cross (healthcare insurance). |
21
Name, Address, and Age | Position(s) Held with Company | Term of Office and Length of Time Served 1 |
Principal
Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Director* |
Other
Directorships Held by Director in the Past 5 Years |
Arnold M. Reichman
Milwaukee, WI 53202
|
Chairman
Director
|
2005 to present
1991 to present
|
Since 2006, Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Lifebooker, LLC (online beauty and health appointment booking service). |
31 | Independent Trustee of EIP Investment Trust (registered investment company). |
Robert A. Straniere
Milwaukee, WI 53202
|
Director | 2006 to present |
Since 2009, Administrative Law Judge, New York City; since 1980, Founding Partner, Straniere Law Group (law firm). |
31 |
Reich and Tang Group (asset management).
|
INTERESTED DIRECTOR 2 | |||||
Robert Sablowsky
Milwaukee, WI 53202
|
Vice Chairman
Director
|
2016 to present
1991 to present
|
Since 2002, Senior Director – Investments and prior thereto, Executive Vice President, of Oppenheimer & Co., Inc. (a registered broker-dealer). |
31 | None |
OFFICERS | |||||
Salvatore Faia, JD,
|
President
Chief Compliance Officer
|
2009 to present
2004 to present
|
Since 2004, President, Vigilant Compliance, LLC (investment management services company); since 2005, Independent Trustee of EIP Investment Trust (registered investment company). |
N/A | N/A |
22
Name, Address, and Age | Position(s) Held with Company | Term of Office and Length of Time Served 1 |
Principal
Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Director* |
Other
Directorships Held by Director in the Past 5 Years |
James G. Shaw
Milwaukee, WI 53202
|
Treasurer and Secretary
|
2016 to present | Since 2016, Treasurer and Secretary of The RBB Fund, Inc.; from 2005 to 2016, Assistant Treasurer of The RBB Fund, Inc.; from 1995 to 2016, Senior Director and Vice President of BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (financial services company). | N/A | N/A |
Robert Amweg
Gateway Corporate Center Suite 216
|
Assistant Treasurer
|
Since 2016 |
Since 2013, Compliance Director, Vigilant Compliance, LLC (investment management services company); since 2012, Consultant to the financial services industry; from 2007 to 2012, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, Turner Investments, LP (registered investment company). |
N/A | N/A |
Jesse Schmitting 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 Age: 35 |
Assistant Treasurer | Since 2016 | Since 2008, Assistant Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (fund administrative services firm). | N/A | N/A |
Edward Paz 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 Age: 47 |
Assistant Secretary
|
Since 2016 |
Since 2007, Vice President and Counsel, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (fund administrative services firm). |
N/A | N/A |
Michael P. Malloy
|
Assistant
Secretary |
1999 to present | Since 1993, Partner, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP (law firm). | N/A | N/A |
23
Name, Address, and Age | Position(s) Held with Company | Term of Office and Length of Time Served 1 |
Principal
Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Director* |
Other
Directorships Held by Director in the Past 5 Years |
Jillian L. Bosmann One Logan Square, Suite 2000 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Age: 39 |
Assistant Secretary
|
2017 to present |
Since 2017, Partner, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP (law firm); Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP (2006 to present).
|
N/A | N/A |
* | Each Director oversees 31 portfolios of the Company. |
1. | Subject to the Company’s Retirement Policy, each Director may continue to serve as a Director until the last day of the calendar year in which the applicable Director attains age 75 or until his successor is elected and qualified or his death, resignation or removal. The Board reserves the right to waive the requirements of the Policy with respect to an individual Director. The Board has approved waivers of the policy with respect to Messrs. Brodsky, Carnall, Sablowsky and Straniere. Each officer holds office at the pleasure of the Board until the next special meeting of the Company or until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified, or until he or she dies, resigns or is removed. |
2. | Mr. Sablowsky is considered an “interested person” of the Company as that term is defined in the 1940 Act and is referred to as an “Interested Director.” Mr. Sablowsky is considered an “Interested Director” of the Company by virtue of his position as a senior officer of Oppenheimer & Co., Inc., a registered broker-dealer. |
Director Experience, Qualifications, Attributes and/or Skills
The information above includes each Director’s principal occupations during the last five years. Each Director possesses extensive additional experience, skills and attributes relevant to his qualifications to serve as a Director. The cumulative background of each Director led to the conclusion that each Director should serve as a Director of the Company. Mr. Giordano has years of experience as a consultant to financial services organizations and also serves on the boards of other registered investment companies. Mr. Reichman brings decades of investment management experience to the Board, in addition to senior executive-level management experience. Mr. Straniere has been a practicing attorney for over 30 years and has served on the boards of an asset management company and another registered investment company. Mr. Brodsky has over 40 years of senior executive-level management experience in the cable television and communications industry. Mr. Sablowsky has demonstrated leadership and management abilities as evidenced by his senior executive-level positions in the financial services industry. Mr. Carnall has decades of senior executive-level management experience in the banking and financial services industry and also serves on the boards of various corporations and a bank. Mr. Chandler has demonstrated leadership and management abilities as evidenced by his senior executive-level positions in the investment technology consulting/services and investment banking/brokerage industries, and also serves on various boards.
Standing Committees
The responsibilities of each Committee of the Board and its members are described below.
Audit Committee. The Board has an Audit Committee comprised of three Independent Directors. The current members of the Audit Committee are Messrs. Brodsky, Chandler and Giordano. The Audit Committee, among other things, reviews results of the annual audit and approves the firm(s) to serve as independent auditors. The Audit Committee convened two times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.
Contract Committee. The Board has a Contract Committee comprised of the Interested Director and three Independent Directors. The current members of the Contract Committee are Messrs. Brodsky, Chandler, Sablowsky and Straniere. The Contract Committee reviews and makes recommendations to the Board regarding the approval and continuation of agreements and plans of the Company. The Contract Committee convened four times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.
24
Executive Committee. The Board has an Executive Committee comprised of the Interested Director and three Independent Directors. The current members of the Executive Committee are Messrs. Chandler, Giordano, Reichman and Sablowsky. The Executive Committee may generally carry on and manage the business of the Company when the Board is not in session. The Executive Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.
Investment Risk Committee. The Board has an Investment Risk Committee comprised of the Interested Director and one Independent Director. The current members of the Investment Risk Committee are Messrs. Reichman and Sablowsky. The Investment Risk Committee ensures that the Company’s investment advisers have adopted investment risk management policies and procedures. The Investment Risk Committee convened two times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.
Nominating and Governance Committee. The Board has a Nominating and Governance Committee comprised of three Independent Directors. The current members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are Messrs. Carnall, Giordano and Reichman. The Nominating and Governance Committee recommends to the Board all persons to be nominated as Directors of the Company. The Nominating and Governance Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Recommendations should be submitted to the Committee care of the Company’s Secretary. The Nominating and Governance Committee convened two times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.
Product Development Committee. The Board has a Product Development Committee comprised of the Interested Director and one Independent Director. The current members of the Product Development Committee are Messrs. Reichman and Sablowsky. The Product Development Committee oversees the process regarding the addition of new investment advisers and investment products to the Company. The Product Development Committee convened six times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.
Regulatory Oversight Committee. The Board has a Regulatory Oversight Committee comprised of the Interested Director and three Independent Directors. The current members of the Regulatory Oversight Committee are Messrs. Carnall, Reichman, Sablowsky and Straniere. The Regulatory Oversight Committee monitors regulatory developments in the mutual fund industry and focuses on various regulatory aspects of the operation of the Company. The Regulatory Oversight Committee convened four times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.
Strategic Oversight Committee. The Board has a Strategic Oversight Committee comprised of the Interested Director and three Independent Directors. The current members of the Strategic Oversight Committee are Messrs. Carnall, Chandler, Reichman and Sablowsky. The Strategic Oversight Committee assists the Board in its oversight and review of the Company’s strategic plan and operations. The Strategic Oversight Committee convened one time during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.
Valuation Committee. The Board has a Valuation Committee comprised of the Interested Director and three officers of the Company. The members of the Valuation Committee are Messrs. Amweg, Faia, Lambroza, Sablowsky and Shaw. The Valuation Committee is responsible for reviewing fair value determinations. The Valuation Committee convened four times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.
Risk Oversight
The Board performs its risk oversight function for the Company through a combination of (1) direct oversight by the Board as a whole and Board committees and (2) indirect oversight through the Company’s investment advisers and other service providers, Company officers and the Company’s Chief Compliance Officer. The Company is subject to a number of risks, including but not limited to investment risk, compliance risk, operational risk, reputational risk, credit risk and counterparty risk. Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Company is the responsibility of the Company’s investment advisers or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk) that carry out the Company’s investment management and business affairs. Each of the investment advisers and the other service providers have their own independent interest in risk management and their policies and methods of risk management will depend on their functions and business models and may differ from the Company’s and each other’s in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls.
25
The Board provides risk oversight by receiving and reviewing on a regular basis reports from the Company’s investment advisers or other service providers, receiving and approving compliance policies and procedures, periodic meetings with the Company’s portfolio managers to review investment policies, strategies and risks, and meeting regularly with the Company’s Chief Compliance Officer to discuss compliance reports, findings and issues. The Board also relies on the Company’s investment advisers and other service providers, with respect to the day-to-day activities of the Company, to create and maintain procedures and controls to minimize risk and the likelihood of adverse effects on the Company’s business and reputation.
Board oversight of risk management is also provided by various Board Committees. For example, the Audit Committee meets with the Company’s independent registered public accounting firms to ensure that the Company’s respective audit scopes include risk-based considerations as to the Company’s financial position and operations.
The Board may, at any time and in its discretion, change the manner in which it conducts risk oversight. The Board’s oversight role does not make the Board a guarantor of the Company’s investments or activities.
Director Ownership of Shares of the Company
The following table sets forth the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Director in each Fund and in all of the portfolios of the Company (which for each Director comprise all registered investment companies within the Company’s family of investment companies overseen by him), as of December 31, 2017:
(1) | Mr. Lambroza resigned from the Board effective January 26, 2018. |
Directors’ and Officers’ Compensation
Effective January 1, 2018, the Company pays each Director a retainer at the rate of $100,000 annually, $10,000 for each regular meeting of the Board, $3,500 for each committee meeting attended in-person, and $2,000 for each committee meeting attended telephonically or special meeting of the Board attended in-person or telephonically. The Chairman of the Audit Committee and Chairman of the Regulatory Oversight Committee each receive an additional fee of $15,000 for his services. The Chairman of the Contract Committee receives an additional fee of $10,000 per year for his services, and the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee and Chairman of the Investment Risk Committee each receive an additional fee of $7,500 per year for his services. The Vice Chairman of the Board receives an additional fee of $25,000 per year for his services in this capacity and the Chairman of the Board receives an additional fee of $50,000 per year for his services in this capacity.
26
From January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017, the Company paid each Director a retainer at the rate of $100,000 annually, $5,000 for each regular meeting of the Board, $2,500 for each committee meeting attended in-person, and $2,000 for each committee meeting attended telephonically or special meeting of the Board attended in-person or telephonically. The Chairman of the Audit Committee and Chairman of the Regulatory Oversight Committee each received an additional fee of $15,000 for his services. The Chairman of the Contract Committee received an additional fee of $10,000 for his services and the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee received an additional fee of $7,500 for his services. Effective June 1, 2017, the Chairman of the Investment Risk Committee received an additional fee of $7,500 for his services. The Vice Chairman of the Board received an additional fee of $25,000 for his services in this capacity and the Chairman of the Board received an additional fee of $50,000 for his services in this capacity.
From January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016, the Company paid each Director a retainer at the rate of $85,000 annually, $3,500 for each regular meeting of the Board, and $2,000 for each committee meeting or special meeting of the Board attended in-person or telephonically. The Chairman of the Audit Committee and Chairman of the Regulatory Oversight Committee each received an additional fee of $10,000 for his services. The Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee and Chairman of the Contract Committee each received an additional fee of $6,000 per year for his services. The Chairman of the Board received an additional $25,000 per year for his services in this capacity.
Directors are reimbursed for any reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending meetings of the Board or any committee thereof. Employees of Vigilant Compliance, LLC serve as President, Chief Compliance Officer and Assistant Treasurer of the Company. Vigilant Compliance, LLC is compensated for the services provided to the Company, and such compensation is determined by the Board. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, Vigilant Compliance LLC received $32,057 from the U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund and $4,054 from the Small Cap Low Volatility Equity Fund, and $8,936 from the Global Low Volatility Fund, respectively, and $600,000 in the aggregate from all series of the Company for its services. An employee of the Company serves as a Treasurer and Secretary and is compensated for services provided. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, each of the following members of the Board and the Treasurer and Secretary received compensation from the Funds and the Company in the following amounts:
27
Name of Director/Officer |
Aggregate
Compensation from the Funds |
Pension
or
Retirement Benefits Accrued |
Estimated
Upon
|
Total
Directors
|
Independent Directors: | ||||
Julian A. Brodsky, Director | $5,841 | N/A | N/A | $130,250 |
J. Richard Carnall, Director | $5,592 | N/A | N/A | $128,250 |
Gregory P. Chandler, Director | $6,696 | N/A | N/A | $151,000 |
Nicholas A. Giordano, Director | $5,556 | N/A | N/A | $132,875 |
Sam Lambroza, Director (1) | $6,031 | N/A | N/A | $133,375 |
Arnold M. Reichman, Director and Chairman | $7,542 | N/A | N/A | $175,500 |
Robert A. Straniere, Director | $6,075 | N/A | N/A | $130,750 |
Interested Director: | ||||
Robert Sablowsky, Director | $7,496 | N/A | N/A | $173,750 |
Officer: | ||||
James G. Shaw, Treasurer and Secretary | $2,134 | N/A | N/A | $240,000 |
(1) | Mr. Lambroza resigned from the Board effective January 26, 2018. |
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, each of the following members of the Board and the Treasurer and Secretary received compensation from each of the Funds in the following amounts:
Name of Director/Officer |
U.S.
Low
Volatility Equity Fund |
Small
Cap
Low Volatility Fund |
Global
Low Volatility Fund |
Independent Directors: | |||
Julian A. Brodsky, Director | $3,667 | $446 | $1,728 |
J. Richard Carnall, Director | $3,520 | $426 | $1,646 |
Gregory P. Chandler, Director | $4,221 | $516 | $1,959 |
Nicholas A. Giordano, Director | $3,512 | $426 | $1,618 |
Sam Lambroza, Director (1) | $3,791 | $464 | $1,776 |
Arnold M. Reichman, Director and Chairman | $4,770 | $584 | $2,188 |
Robert A. Straniere, Director | $3,805 | $464 | $1,806 |
Interested Director: | |||
Robert Sablowsky, Director | $4,726 | $579 | $2,191 |
Officer: | |||
James G. Shaw, Treasurer and Secretary | $1,425 | $184 | $525 |
(1) | Mr. Lambroza resigned from the Board effective January 26, 2018. |
Each compensated Director is entitled to participate in the Company’s deferred compensation plan (the “DC Plan”). Under the DC Plan, a compensated Director may elect to defer all or a portion of his compensation and have the deferred compensation treated as if it had been invested by the Company in shares of one or more of the portfolios of the Company. The amount paid to the Directors under the DC Plan will be determined based upon the performance of such investments.
As of December 31, 2017, the Independent Directors and their respective immediate family members (spouse or dependent children) did not own beneficially or of record any securities of the Company’s investment advisers or distributor, or of any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment advisers or distributor.
28
CODE OF ETHICS
The Company and the Adviser have each adopted a code of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act that permits personnel subject to the codes to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Company, subject to certain restrictions.
PROXY VOTING
The Board has delegated the responsibility of voting proxies with respect to the portfolio securities purchased and/or held by the Funds to the Funds’ Adviser, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight. In exercising its voting obligations, the Adviser is guided by its general fiduciary duty to act prudently and in the interest of the Funds. The Adviser will consider factors affecting the value of a Fund’s investments and the rights of shareholders in its determination on voting portfolio securities.
The Adviser will vote proxies in accordance with its proxy policies and procedures, which are included in Appendix B to this SAI.
The Company is required to disclose annually each Fund’s complete proxy voting record on Form N-PX. Each Fund’s proxy voting record for the most recent 12 month period ended June 30th is available upon request by calling 855-744-8500 or by writing to the Fund at: Summit Global Investments Funds, c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, PO Box 701, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0701. Each Fund’s Form N-PX is also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
As of February 28, 2018, to the Company’s knowledge, the following named persons at the addresses shown below were owners of record of approximately 5% or more of the total outstanding shares of the Funds as indicated below. See “Additional Information Concerning Company Shares” below. Any shareholder that owns 25% or more of the outstanding shares of a portfolio or class may be presumed to “control” (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) the portfolio or class. Shareholders controlling a portfolio or class could have the ability to vote a majority of the shares of the portfolio or class on any matter requiring approval of the shareholders of the portfolio or class.
Class, Shareholder Name and Address |
Number
of shares
owned as of February 28, 2018 |
Percentage
of
Shares Owned as of February 28, 2018 |
|
U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund — Class I: | |||
Charles
Schwab & Co., Inc.
211 Main Street San Francisco, CA 94105-1905 |
3,909,444 | 65.68% | |
National
Financial Services LLC
Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995 |
926,337 | 15.56% | |
U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund — Class A: | |||
Charles
Schwab & Co., Inc.
211 Main Street San Francisco, CA 94105-1905 |
320,379 | 55.84% | |
U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund — Class C: | |||
U.S. Bank, NA FBO Clients P.O. Box 1787 Milwaukee, WI 53201-1787 |
5,959 | 6.33% |
29
Arisa
Oki*
Los Angeles, CA 90042-5030 |
5,653 | 6.01% | |||
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund — Class I: | |||||
Charles
Schwab & Co., Inc.
211 Main Street San Francisco, CA 94105-1905 |
860,062 | 54.18% | |||
Folio Investments Inc. 8180 Greensboro Dr., 8 th Floor Mclean, VA 22102-3865 |
435,925 | 27.46% | |||
National
Financial Services LLC
Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995 |
208,344 | 13.12% | |||
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund — Class A: | |||||
Charles
Schwab & Co., Inc.
211 Main Street San Francisco, CA 94105-1905 |
215,100 | 79.55% | |||
TD Ameritrade Inc. 200 South 108th Avenue Omaha, NE 68103 |
36,890 | 13.64% | |||
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund — Class C: | |||||
U.S. Bank, NA FBO Client P.O. Box 1787 Milwaukee, WI 53201-1787 |
2,934 | 19.42% | |||
Pershing LLC 1 Pershing Plaza, Floor 14 Jersey City, NJ 07399 |
1,475 | 9.76% | |||
U.S. Bank, NA FBO Client P.O. Box 1787 Milwaukee, WI 53201-1787 |
1,266 | 8.38% | |||
U.S. Bank, NA FBO Client P.O. Box 1787 Milwaukee, WI 53201-1787 |
1,207 | 7.99% | |||
Larry L. Munkelt* 8037 W. Portneuf Road Pocatello, ID 83204-7305 |
1,086 | 7.19% |
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U.S. Bank, NA FBO Client P.O. Box 1787 Milwaukee, WI 53201-1787 |
1,074 | 7.11% | |||
Global Low Volatility Fund — Class I: | |||||
National
Financial Services LLC
Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995 |
504,065 | 68.40% | |||
Charles
Schwab & Co., Inc.
211 Main Street San Francisco, CA 94105-1905 |
113,226 | 15.36% | |||
TD Ameritrade Inc. 200 South 108th Avenue Omaha, NE 68103 |
79,821 | 10.83% |
*Beneficial Owner.
As of February 28, 2018, Directors and Officers as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Company.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
INVESTMENT ADVISER
Summit Global Investments, LLC (“Summit” or the “Adviser”) is a Limited Liability Company registered with the State of Utah in October 2010. The Adviser is 100% privately-owned and is controlled by David Harden.
Advisory Agreement with the Company. The Adviser renders advisory services to the U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund and Small Cap Low Volatility Fund pursuant to an Investment Advisory Agreement dated as of February 28, 2012. The Adviser renders advisory services to the Global Low Volatility Fund pursuant to an Investment Advisory Agreement (the Investment Advisory Agreements are together referred to as the “Advisory Agreement”), dated as of March 24, 2017. Prior to March 24, 2017, the Adviser rendered advisory services pursuant to an Interim Investment Advisory Agreement for the period from January 1, 2017 to March 24, 2017. Prior to January 1, 2017, another investment adviser managed the Global Low Volatility Fund.
Subject to the supervision of the Board, the Adviser will provide for the overall management of the Funds including (i) the provision of a continuous investment program for the Funds, including investment research and management with respect to all securities, investments, cash and cash equivalents, (ii) the determination from time to time of the securities and other investments to be purchased, retained, or sold by the Funds, and (iii) the placement from time to time of orders for all purchases and sales of securities and other investments made for the Funds. The Adviser will provide the services rendered by it in accordance with each Fund’s investment objective, restrictions and policies as stated in the Prospectus and in this SAI. The Adviser will not be liable for any error of judgment, mistake of law, or for any loss suffered by the Funds in connection with the performance of the Advisory Agreement, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services or a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Adviser in the performance of its duties, or from reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Advisory Agreement.
For its services to the U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund, the Adviser is entitled to an advisory fee computed daily and payable monthly at the annual rate of 0.70% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its management fees and reimburse expenses through March 31, 2019, to the extent that the Fund’s total annual operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest and taxes) exceed 0.98%, 1.23% and 1.98% for Class I Shares, Class A Shares and Class C Shares, respectively.
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For its services to the Small Cap Low Volatility Fund, the Adviser is entitled to an advisory fee computed daily and payable monthly at the annual rate of 0.95% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its management fees and reimburse expenses through March 31, 2019, to the extent that the Fund’s total annual operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest and taxes) exceed 1.23%, 1.48% and 2.23% for Class I Shares, Class A Shares and Class C Shares, respectively.
For its services to the Global Low Volatility Fund, the Adviser is entitled to an advisory fee computed daily and payable monthly at the annual rate of 0.70% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. Prior to March 24, 2017, the management fee was 0.65%. The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its management fees and reimburse expenses through March 31, 2019, to the extent that the Fund’s total annual operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage commissions, short sale dividend expenses, extraordinary items, interest and taxes) exceed 0.84%, 1.09% and 1.84% for the Fund’s Class I Shares, Class A Shares and Class C Shares, respectively.
The Adviser will pay all expenses incurred by it in connection with its activities under the Advisory Agreement. Each Fund bears all of its own expenses not specifically assumed by the Adviser. General expenses of the Company not readily identifiable as belonging to a portfolio of the Company are allocated among all investment portfolios by or under the direction of the Board in such manner as it deems to be fair and equitable. Expenses borne by a Fund include, but are not limited to the following (or a Fund’s share of the following): (a) the cost (including brokerage commissions) of securities purchased or sold by the Fund and any losses incurred in connection therewith; (b) fees payable to and expenses incurred on behalf of the Fund by the Adviser; (c) filing fees and expenses relating to the registration and qualification of the Company and the Fund’s shares under federal and/or state securities laws and maintaining such registrations and qualifications; (d) fees and salaries payable to the Company’s Directors and officers; (e) taxes (including any income or franchise taxes) and governmental fees; (f) costs of any liability and other insurance or fidelity bonds; (g) any costs, expenses or losses arising out of a liability of or claim for damages or other relief asserted against the Company or the Fund for violation of any law; (h) legal, accounting and auditing expenses, including legal fees of special counsel for the independent Directors; (i) charges of custodians and other agents; (j) expenses of setting in type and printing prospectuses, statements of additional information and supplements thereto for existing shareholders, reports, statements, and confirmations to shareholders and proxy material that are not attributable to a class; (k) costs of mailing prospectuses, statements of additional information and supplements thereto to existing shareholders, as well as reports to shareholders and proxy materials that are not attributable to a class; (1) any extraordinary expenses; (m) fees, voluntary assessments and other expenses incurred in connection with membership in investment company organizations; (n) costs of mailing and tabulating proxies and costs of shareholders’ and Directors’ meetings; (o) costs of independent pricing services to value a portfolio’s securities; and (p) the costs of investment company literature and other publications provided by the Company to its Directors and officers. Distribution expenses, transfer agency expenses, expenses of preparation, printing and mailing prospectuses, statements of additional information, proxy statements and reports to shareholders, and organizational expenses and registration fees, identified as belonging to a particular class of the Company, are allocated to such class.
The advisory fees, including waivers and reimbursements for the past three fiscal years are as follows:
Advisory Fees Paid (after waivers and reimbursements) | Waivers | Reimbursements | ||||||||
U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund | ||||||||||
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017 | $ | 623,878 | $ | 180,221 | $ | 0 | ||||
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2016 | $ | 519,110 | $ | 151,284 | $ | 0 | ||||
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2015 | $ | 333,220 | $ | 147,547 | $ | 0 | ||||
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund | ||||||||||
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017 | $ | 0 | $ | 140,932 | $ | 0 | ||||
For the fiscal period ended August 31, 2016 (1) | $ | 0 | $ | 32,308 | $ | 75,767 | ||||
Global Low Volatility Fund | ||||||||||
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017 | $ | 66,711 | $ | 170,653 | $ | 0 | ||||
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2016 | $ | 253,911 | $ | 209,200 | $ | 0 | ||||
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2015 | $ | 175,561 | $ | 223,030 | $ | 0 |
(1) | The Small Cap Low Volatility Fund commenced operations on March 31, 2016. |
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The Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser shall at all times have all rights in and to each Fund’s name and all investment models used by or on behalf of the Fund. The Adviser may use each Fund’s name or any portion thereof in connection with any other mutual fund or business activity without the consent of any shareholder, and the Company has agreed to execute and deliver any and all documents required to indicate its consent to such use.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
This section includes information about the Fund’s portfolio managers, including information about other accounts they manage, the dollar range of Fund shares they own and how they are compensated.
Description of Compensation . As of the date of this SAI, The Adviser compensates the Funds’ portfolio managers for their management of the Funds. The portfolio managers are compensated through equity ownership of the Adviser, adjusted to reflect current market rates, and therefore compensation is in part based on the value of a Fund’s net assets and other client accounts they are managing. The Adviser’s Board of Managers reviews the compensation of each portfolio manager periodically and may make modifications in compensation as it deems necessary to reflect changes in the market.
Other Accounts. In addition to the Funds, each portfolio manager is responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as listed below. The information below is provided as of August 31, 2017.
Name of Portfolio Manager
or Team Member |
Type of Accounts |
Total
# of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets |
# of Accounts
Managed that Advisory Fee Based on Performance |
Total Assets
that Advisory Fee Based on Performance (in millions) |
|||||||||||||
1. David Harden | Other Registered Investment Companies: | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: | 2 | $ | 360,298,474 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
Other Accounts: | 9 | $ | 149,702,983 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
2. Richard Thawley | Other Registered Investment Companies: | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
Other Accounts: | 681 | $ | 70,265,683 | 0 | $ | 0 |
Conflict of Interest . The portfolio managers’ management of other accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with his management of a Fund’s investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts may have the same investment objective as a Fund. Therefore, a potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the identical investment objectives, whereby a portfolio manager could favor one account over another. Another potential conflict could include the portfolio managers’ knowledge about the size, timing and possible market impact of Fund trades, whereby a portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of a Fund. However, the Adviser has established policies and procedures to ensure that the purchase and sale of securities among all accounts it manages are fairly and equitably allocated.
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Securities Ownership . The following table sets forth the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each portfolio manager in the Funds managed by each such portfolio manager as of August 31, 2017.
Portfolio Manager |
Dollar
Value of Securities
Beneficially Owned |
U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund | |
David Harden | $1 - $10,000 |
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund | |
David Harden | $1 - $10,000 |
Richard Thawley | $1 - $10,000 |
Global Low Volatility Fund | |
David Harden | $1 - $10,000 |
ADMINISTRATION AND ACCOUNTING AGREEMENT
USBFS, located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, serves as fund administrator to the Funds pursuant to a fund administration servicing agreement and serves as fund accountant pursuant to a fund accounting servicing agreement (the “Administration Agreements”). Under the fund accounting servicing agreement, USBFS has agreed to furnish to the Funds statistical and research data, clerical, accounting and bookkeeping services, and certain other services required by the Funds. Under the fund administration servicing agreement, USBFS has agreed to provide fund administration services to the Company. These services include the preparation and coordination of the Company’s annual post-effective amendment filing and supplements to the Funds’ registration statement, the preparation and assembly of board meeting materials, and certain other services necessary to the Company’s fund administration. In addition, USBFS has agreed to prepare and file various reports with the appropriate regulatory agencies and prepare materials required by the SEC or any state securities commission having jurisdiction over the Funds.
The Administration Agreements provide that USBFS shall be obligated to exercise reasonable care in the performance of its duties and that USFBS shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or any loss suffered by the Company in connection with its duties under the Administration Agreements, except a loss resulting from USBSF’s refusal or failure to comply with the terms of the applicable Administration Agreement or from its bad faith, negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties thereunder.
USBFS receives a fee under the Administration Agreements based on the average daily net assets of the Company.
Effective October 3, 2016, USBFS replaced the Funds’ prior administrator and fund accountant to the Funds. The administration fees paid to USBFS and the prior administrator, including waivers and reimbursements for the past three fiscal years are as follows:
Administration,
Accounting and Regulatory Administration Fees paid (after waivers and reimbursements) |
Waivers | Reimbursements | ||||||||||
U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund | ||||||||||||
For the fiscal year August 31, 2017 | $ | 93,765 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
For the fiscal year August 31, 2016 | $ | 104,182 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
For the fiscal year August 31, 2015 | $ | 91,147 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund | ||||||||||||
For the fiscal period August 31, 2017 | $ | 22,840 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
For the fiscal period August 31, 2016 (1) | $ | 32,105 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
Global Low Volatility Fund | ||||||||||||
For the fiscal year August 31, 2017 | $ | 33,966 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
For the fiscal year August 31, 2016 | $ | 86,027 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
For the fiscal year August 31, 2015 | $ | 88,189 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 |
(1) | The Small Cap Low Volatility Fund commenced operations on March 31, 2016. |
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CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT
U.S. Bank, N.A., (the “Custodian”), 1555 North RiverCenter Drive, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, is custodian of the Funds’ assets pursuant to a custodian agreement (the “Custodian Agreement”). Under the Custodian Agreement, the Custodian: (a) maintains a separate account or accounts in the name of the Funds; (b) holds and transfers portfolio securities on account of the Funds; (c) accepts receipts and makes disbursements of money on behalf of the Funds; (d) collects and receives all income and other payments and distributions on account of the Funds’ portfolio securities; and (e) makes periodic reports to the Board concerning the Funds’ operations. The Custodian is authorized to select one or more banks or trust companies to serve as sub-custodian on behalf of the Funds, provided that the Custodian remains responsible for the performance of all of its duties under the Custodian Agreement and holds the Funds harmless from the acts and omissions of any affiliate, sub-custodian or domestic sub-custodian. For its services to the Funds under the Custodian Agreement, the Custodian receives a fee based on the Funds’ average gross assets calculated daily and payable monthly. Transaction charges and out-of-pocket expenses are also charged to the Funds.
TRANSFER AGENCY AGREEMENT
USBFS, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, also serves as the transfer and dividend disbursing agent for the Fund pursuant to a transfer agency and servicing agreement (the “Transfer Agency Agreement”), under which USBFS: (a) issues and redeems shares of the Funds; (b) addresses and mails all communications by the Funds to record owners of the shares, including reports to shareholders, dividend and distribution notices and proxy materials for its meetings of shareholders; (c) maintains shareholder accounts and, if requested, sub-accounts; and (d) makes periodic reports to the Board concerning the operations of the Funds. USBFS may, subject to the Board’s approval, assign its duties as transfer and dividend disbursing agent to any affiliate. For its services to the Funds under the Transfer Agency Agreement, USBFS receives an annual fee based on the number of accounts in the Funds and the Funds’ average gross assets calculated daily and payable monthly. Transaction charges and out-of-pocket expenses are also charged to the Funds.
USBFS also provides services relating to the implementation of the Company’s Anti-Money Laundering Program. In addition, USBFS provides services relating to the implementation of the Funds’ Customer Identification Program, including verification of required customer information and the maintenance of records with respect to such verification.
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
Quasar Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), whose principal business address is 777 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, serves as the underwriter to the Funds pursuant to the terms of a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”). The Distributor is a registered broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”). The Distributor is not affiliated with the Company or the Adviser. The Distributor, U.S. Bank, NA. and USBFS are affiliates.
Under the Distribution Agreement with the Funds, the Distributor acts as the agent of the Company in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Funds. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Funds on a best efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund shares. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Company.
The Distributor may enter into agreements with selected broker-dealers, banks or other financial intermediaries for distribution of shares of the Funds. With respect to certain financial intermediaries and related fund “supermarket” platform arrangements, the Funds and/or the Adviser, rather than the Distributor, typically enter into such agreements. These financial intermediaries may charge a fee for their services and may receive shareholder service or other fees from parties other than the Distributor. These financial intermediaries may otherwise act as processing agents and are responsible for promptly transmitting purchase, redemption and other requests to the Funds.
35
Investors who purchase shares through financial intermediaries will be subject to the procedures of those intermediaries through which they purchase shares, which may include charges, investment minimums, cutoff times and other restrictions in addition to, or different from, those listed herein. Information concerning any charges or services will be provided to customers by the financial intermediary through which they purchase shares. Investors purchasing shares of the Funds through financial intermediaries should acquaint themselves with their financial intermediary’s procedures and should read the Prospectus in conjunction with any materials and information provided by their financial intermediary. The financial intermediary, and not its customers, will be the shareholder of record, although customers may have the right to vote shares depending upon their arrangement with the financial intermediary. The Distributor does not receive compensation from the Funds for its distribution services except the distribution/service fees with respect to the shares of those classes for which a Rule 12b-1 distribution plan is effective. The Adviser pays the Distributor a fee for certain distribution-related services.
The Distribution Agreement has an initial term of up to two years and will continue in effect only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities in accordance with the 1940 Act. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Company on behalf of the Funds on no less than 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Funds or by vote of a majority of the members of the Board who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Company and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Distribution Agreement, or by the Distributor, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Distribution Agreement provides that the Distributor shall not be liable for any loss suffered by the Company in connection with the performance of the Distributor’s obligations and duties under the Distribution Agreement, except a loss resulting from the Distributor’s willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of such duties and obligations, or by reason of its reckless disregard thereof.
Shareholder Servicing. Prior to January 1, 2017, the Global Low Volatility Fund had a Shareholder Services Plan (the “Shareholder Services Plan”). Under the Shareholder Services Plan, the service providers were entitled to receive aggregate fees for shareholder services not exceeding (i) ten basis points (0.10%) of the Global Low Volatility Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class I Shares and (ii) twenty-five basis points (0.25%) of the Global Low Volatility Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class A Shares (formerly, Class II Shares) in return for providing a broad range of shareholder services, including: (i) maintaining accounts relating to shareholders that invest in Shares; (ii) arranging for bank wires; (iii) responding to shareholder inquiries relating to the services performed by service providers; (iv) responding to inquiries from shareholders concerning their investment in the Company; (v) assisting shareholders in changing dividend options, account designations and addresses; (vi) providing information periodically to shareholders showing their position in the Company; (vii) forwarding shareholder communications from the Global Low Volatility Fund such as proxies, shareholder reports, annual reports, and dividend distribution and tax notices to shareholders; (viii) processing purchase, exchange and redemption requests from shareholders and placing orders with the Global Low Volatility Fund or their service providers; and (ix) processing dividend payments from the Global Low Volatility Fund on behalf of shareholders. Institutional Shares did not charge a shareholder servicing fee. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, shareholder servicing fees were $30,425 for Class I Shares. As of August 31, 2017, no other classes of the Fund were offered.
Plan of Distribution
Class I Shares . Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor acts as the agent of the Company in connection with the continuous offering of each Fund’s shares. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Funds on a best efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund shares. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Company. The Distributor does not receive compensation from the Company for the distribution of a Fund’s Class I shares; however, the Adviser pays an annual fee to The Distributor as compensation for underwriting services rendered to a Fund pursuant to the Distribution Agreement.
Class A Shares and Class C Shares . Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement and the related Plans of Distribution for Class A Shares and Class C Shares (together, the Plans”), which were adopted by the Company in the manner prescribed by Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, the Distributor will act as the agent of the Company in connection with the continuous offering for the sale of the Class A Shares and Class C Shares, respectively. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Funds on a best efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund shares. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Company. Payments to the Distributor under the Plans are to compensate it for distribution assistance and expenses assumed and activities intended to result in the sale of Class A Shares and Class C Shares, including advertising, printing and mailing of prospectuses to others than current shareholders, compensation of underwriters, compensation to broker-dealers, compensation to sales personnel, and interest, carrying or other financing changes. As compensation for its distribution services, the Distributor receives, pursuant to the terms of the Distribution Agreement, a distribution fee under the Plans, to be calculated daily and paid monthly by the Class A Shares and Class C Shares of a Fund at the annual rates set forth in the Funds’ Prospectus.
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Among other things, the Plans provide that: (1) the Distributor shall be required to submit quarterly reports to the Directors of the Company regarding all amounts expended under the Plans and the purposes for which such expenditures were made, including commissions, advertising, printing, interest, carrying charges and any allocated overhead expenses; (2) the Plans will continue in effect only so long as they are approved at least annually, and any material amendment thereto is approved, by the Company’s Directors, including a majority of those Directors who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plans or any agreements related to the Plans, acting in person at a meeting called for said purpose; (3) the aggregate amount to be spent by a Fund on the distribution of Class A Shares and Class C Shares under the respective Plans shall not be materially increased without shareholder approval; and (4) while the Plans remain in effect, the selection and nomination of the Company’s Directors who are not “interested persons” of the Company (as defined in the 1940 Act) shall be committed to the discretion of such Directors who are not “interested persons” of the Company.
Mr. Sablowsky, a Director of the Company, has an indirect interest in the operation of the Plans by virtue of his position with Oppenheimer Co., Inc., a broker-dealer.
PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
The Adviser and/or its affiliates, at their discretion, may make payments from their own resources and not from Fund assets to affiliated or unaffiliated brokers, dealers, banks (including bank trust departments), trust companies, registered investment advisers, financial planners, retirement plan administrators, insurance companies, and any other institution having a service, administration, or any similar arrangement with the Funds, their service providers or their respective affiliates, as incentives to help market and promote the Funds and/or in recognition of their distribution, marketing, administrative services, and/or processing support.
These additional payments may be made to financial intermediaries that sell Fund shares or provide services to the Funds, the Distributor or shareholders of the Funds through the financial intermediary’s retail distribution channel and/or fund supermarkets. Payments may also be made through the financial intermediary’s retirement, qualified tuition, fee-based advisory, wrap fee bank trust, or insurance (e.g., individual or group annuity) programs. These payments may include, but are not limited to, placing a Fund in a financial intermediary’s retail distribution channel or on a preferred or recommended fund list; providing business or shareholder financial planning assistance; educating financial intermediary personnel about a Fund; providing access to sales and management representatives of the financial intermediary; promoting sales of Fund shares; providing marketing and educational support; maintaining share balances and/or for sub-accounting, administrative or shareholder transaction processing services. A financial intermediary may perform the services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform the services.
The Adviser and/or its affiliates may also make payments from their own resources to financial intermediaries for costs associated with the purchase of products or services used in connection with sales and marketing, participation in and/or presentation at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs, client and investor entertainment and other sponsored events. The costs and expenses associated with these efforts may include travel, lodging, sponsorship at educational seminars and conferences, entertainment and meals to the extent permitted by law.
Revenue sharing payments may be negotiated based on a variety of factors, including the level of sales, the amount of Fund assets attributable to investments in a Fund by financial intermediaries’ customers, a flat fee or other measures as determined from time to time by the Adviser and/or its affiliates. A significant purpose of these payments is to increase the sales of Fund shares, which in turn may benefit the Adviser through increased fees as Fund assets grow.
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FUND TRANSACTIONS
Subject to policies established by the Board and applicable rules, the Adviser is responsible for the execution of portfolio transactions and the allocation of brokerage transactions for the Funds. In executing portfolio transactions, the Adviser seeks to obtain the best price and most favorable execution for the Funds, taking into account such factors as the price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of the order, difficulty of execution and operational facilities of the firm involved. While the Adviser generally seeks reasonably competitive commission rates, payment of the lowest commission or spread is not necessarily consistent with obtaining the best price and execution in particular transactions.
Brokerage Transactions
Generally, equity securities, both listed and over-the-counter, are bought and sold through brokerage transactions for which commissions are payable. Purchases from underwriters will include the underwriting commission or concession, and purchases from dealers serving as market makers will include a dealer’s mark-up or reflect a dealer’s mark-down. Money market securities and other debt securities are usually bought and sold directly from the issuer or an underwriter or market maker for the securities. Generally, the Fund will not pay brokerage commissions for such purchases. When a debt security is bought from an underwriter, the purchase price will usually include an underwriting commission or concession. The purchase price for securities bought from dealers serving as market makers will similarly include the dealer’s mark up or reflect a dealer’s mark down. When the Fund executes transactions in the over-the-counter market, it will generally deal with primary market makers unless prices that are more favorable are otherwise obtainable.
In addition, the Adviser may place a combined order for two or more accounts they manage, including the Funds, engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security if, in its judgment, joint execution is in the best interest of each participant and will result in best price and execution. Transactions involving commingled orders are allocated in a manner deemed equitable to each account and each Fund. Although it is recognized that, in some cases, the joint execution of orders could adversely affect the price or volume of the security that a particular account or Fund may obtain, it is the opinion of the Adviser and the Board that the advantages of combined orders outweigh the possible disadvantages of separate transactions. Nonetheless, the Adviser believes that the ability of a Fund to participate in higher volume transactions will generally be beneficial to the Fund.
For the fiscal years or period ended August 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Funds paid the following commissions to brokers on account of research services:
U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund | |||
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017 | $ | 0 | |
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2016 | $ | 0 | |
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2015 | $ | 0 | |
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund | |||
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017 | $ | 0 | |
For the fiscal period ended August 31, 2016 (1) | $ | 0 | |
Global Low Volatility Fund | |||
For the fiscal year August 31, 2017 | $ | 0 | |
For the fiscal year August 31, 2016 | $ | 0 | |
For the fiscal year August 31, 2015 | $ | 0 |
The following chart shows the aggregate brokerage commissions paid by the Funds for the fiscal years or period ended August 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:
U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund | |||
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017 | $ | 10,445 | |
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2016 | $ | 20,776 | |
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2015 | $ | 12,309 | |
Small Cap Low Volatility Fund | |||
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017 | $ | 8,788 | |
For the fiscal period ended August 31, 2016 (1) | $ | 2,790 | |
Global Low Volatility Fund | |||
For the fiscal year August 31, 2017 | $ | 19,392 | |
For the fiscal year August 31, 2016 | $ | 217,957 | |
For the fiscal year August 31, 2015 | $ | 145,056 |
(1) | The Small Cap Low Volatility Fund commenced operations on March 31, 2016. |
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Each Fund is required to identify any securities of the Company’s regular broker-dealers (as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act) or their parents held by the Fund as of the end of the most recent fiscal year. As of August 31, 2017, no Fund held securities of its regular broker-dealers.
Brokerage Selection
The Company does not expect to use one particular broker or dealer, and when one or more brokers is believed capable of providing the best combination of price and execution, the Funds’ Adviser may select a broker based upon brokerage or research services provided to the Adviser. The Adviser may pay a higher commission than otherwise obtainable from other brokers in return for such services only if a good faith determination is made that the commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.
Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, permits an investment adviser, under certain circumstances, to cause a fund to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by the broker or dealer. In addition to agency transactions, the Adviser may receive brokerage and research services in connection with certain riskless principal transactions, in accordance with applicable SEC guidance. Brokerage and research services include: (1) furnishing advice as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; (2) furnishing analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy, and the performance of accounts; and (3) effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto (such as clearance, settlement, and custody). In the case of research services, the Adviser believes that access to independent investment research is beneficial to their investment decision-making processes and, therefore, to the Funds.
To the extent research services may be a factor in selecting brokers, such services may be in written form or through direct contact with individuals and may include information as to particular companies and securities as well as market, economic, or institutional areas and information which assists in the valuation and pricing of investments. Examples of research-oriented services for which the Adviser might utilize Fund commissions include research reports and other information on the economy, industries, sectors, groups of securities, individual companies, statistical information, political developments, technical market action, pricing and appraisal services, credit analysis, risk measurement analysis, performance and other analysis. The Adviser may use research services furnished by brokers in servicing all client accounts and not all services may necessarily be used in connection with the account that paid commissions to the broker providing such services. Information so received by the Adviser will be in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement. Any advisory or other fees paid to the Adviser are not reduced as a result of the receipt of research services.
In some cases the Adviser may receive a service from a broker that has both a “research” and a “non-research” use. When this occurs, the Adviser makes a good faith allocation, under all the circumstances, between the research and non-research uses of the service. The percentage of the service that is used for research purposes may be paid for with client commissions, while the Adviser will use its own funds to pay for the percentage of the service that is used for non-research purposes. In making this good faith allocation, the Adviser faces a potential conflict of interest, but the Adviser believes that its allocation procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that it appropriately allocates the anticipated use of such services to their research and non-research uses.
From time to time, the Funds may purchase new issues of securities for clients in a fixed price offering. In these situations, the seller may be a member of the selling group that will, in addition to selling securities, provide the Adviser with research services. FINRA has adopted rules expressly permitting these types of arrangements under certain circumstances. Generally, the seller will provide research “credits” in these situations at a rate that is higher than that which is available for typical secondary market transactions. These arrangements may not fall within the safe harbor of Section 28(e).
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PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION INFORMATION
Read the Funds’ Prospectus for information regarding the purchase and redemption of Fund shares, including any applicable sales charges. The following information supplements information in the Fund’s Prospectus.
You may purchase shares through an account maintained by your brokerage firm, financial institutions and industry professionals (“Service Organizations”) and you may also purchase shares directly by mail or wire. The Company reserves the right, if conditions exist which make cash payments undesirable, to honor any request for redemption or repurchase of a Fund’s shares by making payment in whole or in part in securities chosen by the Company and valued in the same way as they would be valued for purposes of computing a Fund’s NAV. If payment is made in securities, a shareholder may incur transaction costs in converting these securities into cash. A shareholder will also bear any market risk or tax consequences as a result of a payment in securities. The Company has elected, however, to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act so that a Fund is obligated to redeem its shares solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of its NAV during any 90-day period for any one shareholder of the Fund. A shareholder will bear the risk of a decline in market value and any tax consequences associated with a redemption in securities.
Under the 1940 Act, the Company may suspend the right to redemption or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for any period during which the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. (the “NYSE”) is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings), or during which the SEC restricts trading on the NYSE or determines an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or for such other periods as the SEC may permit. (The Company may also suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of its shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions).
Shares of the Funds are subject to redemption by the Company, at the redemption price of such shares as in effect from time to time, including, without limitation: (1) to reimburse the Funds for any loss sustained by reason of the failure of a shareholder to make full payment for shares purchased by the shareholder or to collect any charge relating to a transaction effected for the benefit of a shareholder as provided in the Prospectus from time to time; (2) if such redemption is, in the opinion of the Board, desirable in order to prevent the Company or the Funds from being deemed a “personal holding company” within the meaning of the Code; (3) or if the net income with respect to any particular class of common stock should be negative or it should otherwise be appropriate to carry out the Company’s responsibilities under the 1940 Act.
Each Fund has the right to redeem your shares at current NAV at any time and without prior notice if, and to the extent that, such redemption is necessary to reimburse the Fund for any loss sustained by reason of your failure to make full payment for shares of the Fund you previously purchased or subscribed for.
Class A Shares of the Funds may be subject to sales charges as described below.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge on Certain Redemptions — Class A Shares ONLY . Purchases of $1,000,000 or more of Class A Shares are not subject to an initial sales charge; however, a contingent deferred sales charge is payable on these investments in the event of a share redemption within 18 months following the share purchase, at the rate of 1% of the lesser of the value of the shares redeemed (exclusive of reinvested dividends and capital gain distributions) or the total cost of such shares. In determining whether a contingent deferred sales charge is payable, and the amount of the charge, it is assumed that shares purchased with reinvested dividend and capital gain distributions and then other shares held the longest are the first redeemed. The contingent deferred sales charge is waived in the event of (a) the death or disability (as defined in Section 72(m)(7) of the Code) of the shareholder, (b) a lump sum distribution from a benefit plan qualified under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), or (c) systematic withdrawals from ERISA plans if the shareholder is at least 59 1/2 years old. The Fund applies the waiver for death or disability to shares held at the time of death or the initial determination of disability of either an individual shareholder or one who owns the shares of a joint tenant with the right of survivorship or as a tenant in common. Prior to January 1, 2018, Class A Shares (formerly, Retail Shares) of the Small Cap Low Volatility Fund were not subject to the front-end sales charge.
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Reducing or Eliminating the Front-End Sales Charge — Class A Shares ONLY.
The Funds’ Class A Shares are offered to the public at NAV plus a front-end sales charge. You can reduce or eliminate the front-end sales charge on Class A Shares of the Funds as follows:
Quantity Discounts — Class A Shares ONLY . Purchases of at least $50,000 can reduce the sales charges you pay, and purchases of at least $1,000,000 can eliminate the sales charges you pay.
Rights of Accumulation. You will have the benefit of a reduced sales charge by combining your purchase of Class A shares of a Fund in a single transaction with your purchase of Class A shares of another Fund. You may also combine your new purchase of Class A shares of a Fund with Class C shares currently owned for the purpose of qualifying for the lower initial sales charge rates that apply to larger purchases. The applicable sales charge for the new purchase is based on the total of your current purchase and the current NAV of all other shares you own. You may combine your account, your spouse’s account, and the account(s) of your children under age 25.
This privilege is also extended to certain employee benefit plans and trust estates. The following purchases may be combined for purposes of determining the “Amount of Purchase:” (a) individual purchases, if made at the same time, by a single purchaser, the purchaser’s spouse and children under the age of 25 purchasing Shares for their own accounts, including Shares purchased by a qualified retirement Plan(s) exclusively for the benefit of such individual(s) (such as an IRA, individual-type section 403(b) plan or single-participant Keogh-type plan) or by a “Company,” as defined in Section 2(a)(8) of the 1940 Act, solely controlled as fined in the 1940 Act, by such individual(s), or (b) individual purchases by trustees or other fiduciaries purchase Shares (i) for a single trust estate or a single fiduciary account, including an employee benefit plan, or (ii) concurrently by two or more employee benefit plans for a single employer or of employers affiliated with each other in accordance with Section 2(a)(3)(c) of the 1940 Act (excluding in either case an employee benefit plan described in (a) above). Provided such trustees or other fiduciaries purchase Shares in a single payment. Purchases made for nominee or street name accounts may not be combined with purchases made for such other accounts. You may also further discuss Rights of Accumulation with your investment broker, brokerage firm, financial institution, or other industry profession, including affiliates of the Adviser (collectively, “Service Organizations”).
You will need to provide written instruction with respect to the other accounts whose purchases should be considered in Rights of Accumulation.
Letter of Intent — Class A Shares ONLY. You can sign a Letter of Intent committing to purchase at least $50,000 in Class A Shares of the Funds within a 13-month period to combine such purchases in calculating the sales charge. A portion of your Fund shares will be held in escrow. If you complete your purchase commitments as stated in the Letter of Intent, your Fund shares held in escrow will be released to your account. If you do not fulfill the Letter of Intent, the appropriate amount of Fund shares held in escrow will be redeemed to pay the sales charges that were not applied to your purchases.
Dealer Reallowances — Class A Shares ONLY. As shown in the table below, the Distributor for the shares of the Funds, may provide dealer reallowances up to the full sales charge for purchases of the Funds’ Class A Shares in which a front-end sales charge is applicable.
Amount of Purchase |
Sales
Charge as a
% of Offering Price |
Commission
as a
% of Offering Price |
Less than $50,000 | 5.25% | 4.75% |
At least $50,000 but less than $100,000 | 4.75% | 4.25% |
At least $100,000 but less than $250,000 | 3.50% | 3.25% |
At least $250,000 but less than $500,000 | 2.50% | 2.25% |
At least $500,000 but less than $750,000 | 2.00% | 1.90% |
At least $750,000 but less than $1,000,000 | 1.50% | 1.45% |
$1,000,000 or greater | None* | ** |
* | No sales charge is payable at the time of purchase on investments of $1,000,000 or more; however, a 1% contingent deferred sales charge is imposed in the event of redemption within 18 months following any such purchase. |
** | The Funds’ distributor may pay a commission at the rate of 1% to certain brokerage firms, financial institutions and other industry professionals, including affiliates of the Adviser, who initiate and are responsible for purchases of $1,000,000 or more. |
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Other Purchase Information
If shares of the Funds are held in a “street name” account with an authorized dealer, all recordkeeping, transaction processing and payments of distributions relating to the beneficial owner’s account will be performed by the authorized dealer, and not by the Fund and its Transfer Agent. Since the Funds will have no record of the beneficial owner’s transactions, a beneficial owner should contact the authorized dealer to purchase, redeem or exchange shares, to make changes in or give instructions concerning the account or to obtain information about the account. The transfer of shares in a “street name” account to an account with another dealer or to an account directly with the Fund involves special procedures and will require the beneficial owner to obtain historical purchase information about the shares in the account from the authorized dealer.
TELEPHONE TRANSACTION PROCEDURES
The Company’s telephone transaction procedures include the following measures: (1) requiring the appropriate telephone transaction privilege forms; (2) requiring the caller to provide the names of the account owners, the account social security number and name of the Fund, all of which must match the Company’s records; (3) requiring the Company’s service representative to complete a telephone transaction form, listing all of the above caller identification information; (4) permitting exchanges (if applicable) only if the two account registrations are identical; (5) requiring that redemption proceeds be sent only by check to the account owners of record at the address of record, or by electronic funds transfer through the ACH network or by wire only to the owners of record at the bank account of record; (6) sending a written confirmation for each telephone transaction to the owners of record at the address of record within five (5) business days of the call; and (7) recording and maintaining a record of all telephone transactions. For accounts held of record by broker-dealers, financial institutions, securities dealers, financial planners and other industry professionals, additional documentation or information regarding the scope of a caller’s authority is required. Finally, for telephone transactions in accounts held jointly, additional information regarding other account holders is required. Telephone transactions will not be permitted in connection with IRA or other retirement plan accounts.
VALUATION
OF SHARES
In
accordance with procedures adopted by the Board, the NAV per share of each Fund is calculated by determining the value of the
net assets attributed to the Fund and dividing by the number of outstanding shares of the Fund. All securities are valued on each
Business Day as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, but not always, 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) or such other time
as the New York Stock Exchange or National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations System (“NASDAQ”)
market may officially close. The term “Business Day” means any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading,
which is Monday through Friday except for holidays. The New York Stock Exchange is generally closed on the following holidays:
New Year’s Day (observed), Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington’s Birthday (observed), Good Friday, Memorial Day,
Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas.
The
time at which transactions and shares are priced and the time by which orders must be received may be changed in case of an emergency
or if regular trading on the NYSE is stopped at a time other than 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. The Company reserves the right to reprocess
purchase, redemption and exchange transactions that were initially processed at a NAV other than the Fund’s official closing
NAV (as the same may be subsequently adjusted), and to recover amounts from (or distribute amounts to) shareholders based on the
official closing NAV. The Company reserves the right to advance the time by which purchase and redemption orders must be received
for same business day credit as otherwise permitted by the SEC. In addition, the Fund may compute its NAV as of any time permitted
pursuant to any exemption, order or statement of the SEC or its staff.
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The securities of each Fund are valued under the direction of the Funds’ administrator and under the general supervision of the Board. Prices are generally determined using readily available market prices. Subject to the approval of the Board, the Funds may employ outside organizations, which may use a matrix or formula method that takes into consideration market indices, matrices, yield curves and other specific adjustments in determining the approximate market value of portfolio investments. This may result in the investments being valued at a price that differs from the price that would have been determined had the matrix or formula method not been used. All cash, receivables, and current payables are carried on a Fund’s books at their face value. Other assets, if any, are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Fund’s Valuation Committee under the direction of the Board.
The procedures used by any pricing service and its valuation results are reviewed by the officers of the Company under the general supervision of the Board.
Each Fund may hold portfolio securities that are listed on foreign exchanges. These securities may trade on weekends or other days when the Funds do not calculate NAV. As a result, the value of these investments may change on days when you cannot purchase or sell Fund shares.
TAXES
General
The following summarizes certain additional tax considerations generally affecting the Funds and their shareholders that are not described in the Prospectus. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Funds or their shareholders, and the discussions here and in the Prospectus are not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Potential investors should consult their tax advisers with specific reference to their own tax situations.
The discussions of the federal tax consequences in the Prospectus and this SAI are based on the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) and the regulations issued under it, and court decisions and administrative interpretations, as in effect on the date of this SAI. Future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly alter the statements included herein, and such changes or decisions may be retroactive.
Each Fund qualified during its last taxable year and intends to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1, of the Code. As such, each Fund generally is exempt from federal income tax on its net investment income and realized capital gains that it distributes to shareholders. To qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company, each Fund must meet three important tests each year.
First, a Fund must derive with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currencies, other income derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, or net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships.
Second, generally, at the close of each quarter of a Fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets must consist of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and securities of other issuers as to which the Fund has not invested more than 5% of the value of its total assets in securities of the issuer and as to which the Fund does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer, and no more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in the securities of (1) any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), (2) two or more issuers that the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or (3) one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.
Third, a Fund must distribute an amount equal to at least the sum of 90% of its investment company taxable income (net investment income and the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss) before taking into account any deduction for dividends paid, and 90% of its tax-exempt income, if any, for the year.
Each Fund intends to comply with these requirements. If a Fund were to fail to make sufficient distributions, it could be liable for corporate income tax and for excise tax in respect of the shortfall or, if the shortfall is large enough, the Fund could be disqualified as a regulated investment company. If for any taxable year a Fund were not to qualify as a regulated investment company, all its taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders. In that event, shareholders would recognize dividend income on distributions to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, and corporate shareholders could be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.
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The Code imposes a nondeductible 4% excise tax on regulated investment companies that fail to distribute each year an amount equal to specified percentages of their ordinary taxable income and capital gain net income (excess of capital gains over capital losses). Each Fund intends to make sufficient distributions or deemed distributions each year to avoid liability for this excise tax.
As of August 31, 2017, the Global Low Volatility Fund had a short-term capital loss carryforward for federal income tax purposes of $3,061,455 which may be carried forward indefinitely.
State and Local Taxes
Although the Funds each expect to qualify as a “regulated investment company” and to be relieved of all or substantially all federal income taxes, depending upon the extent of its activities in states and localities in which its offices are maintained, in which its agents or independent contractors are located or in which it is otherwise deemed to be conducting business, each Fund may be subject to the tax laws of such states or localities.
Taxation of Certain Investments
The tax principles applicable to transactions in financial instruments, such as futures contracts and options, that may be engaged in by a Fund, and investments in passive foreign investment companies (“PFICs”), are complex and, in some cases, uncertain. Such transactions and investments may cause a Fund to recognize taxable income prior to the receipt of cash, thereby requiring the Fund to liquidate other positions, or to borrow money, so as to make sufficient distributions to shareholders to avoid corporate-level tax. Moreover, some or all of the taxable income recognized may be ordinary income or short-term capital gain, so that the distributions may be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
In addition, in the case of any shares of a PFIC in which a Fund invests, the Fund may be liable for corporate-level tax on any ultimate gain or distributions on the shares if the Fund fails to make an election to recognize income annually during the period of its ownership of the shares.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING COMPANY SHARES
The Company has authorized capital of 100 billion shares of common stock at a par value of $0.001 per share. Currently, 87.023 billion shares have been classified into 179 classes, however, the Company only has 44 active share classes that have begun investment operations. Under the Company’s charter, the Board has the power to classify and reclassify any unissued shares of common stock from time to time.
Each share that represents an interest in a Fund has an equal proportionate interest in the assets belonging to the Fund with each other share that represents an interest in the Fund, even where a share has a different class designation than another share representing an interest in the Fund. Shares of the Company do not have preemptive or conversion rights. When issued for payment as described in the Prospectus, shares of the Company will be fully paid and non-assessable.
The Company does not currently intend to hold annual meetings of shareholders except as required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law. The Company’s amended By-Laws provide that shareholders owning at least ten percent of the outstanding shares of all classes of common stock of the Company have the right to call for a meeting of shareholders to consider the removal of one or more directors. To the extent required by law, the Company will assist in shareholder communication in such matters.
Holders of shares of each class of the Funds will vote in the aggregate and not by class on all matters, except where otherwise required by law. Further, shareholders of the Company will vote in the aggregate and not by portfolio except as otherwise required by law or when the Board determines that the matter to be voted upon affects only the interests of the shareholders of a particular portfolio or class of shares. Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required to be submitted by the provisions of such Act or applicable state law, or otherwise, to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such as the Company shall not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of each portfolio affected by the matter. Rule 18f-2 further provides that a portfolio shall be deemed to be affected by a matter unless it is clear that the interests of each portfolio in the matter are identical or that the matter does not affect any interest of the portfolio. Under Rule 18f-2 the approval of an investment advisory agreement or distribution agreement or any change in a fundamental investment objective or fundamental investment policy would be effectively acted upon with respect to a portfolio only if approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such portfolio. However, the Rule also provides that the ratification of the selection of independent public accountants and the election of directors are not subject to the separate voting requirements and may be effectively acted upon by shareholders of an investment company voting without regard to a portfolio. Shareholders of the Company are entitled to one vote for each full share held (irrespective of class or portfolio) and fractional votes for fractional shares held. Voting rights are not cumulative and, accordingly, the holders of more than 50% of the aggregate shares of common stock of the Company may elect all of the Directors.
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Notwithstanding any provision of Maryland law requiring a greater vote of shares of the Company’s common stock (or of any class voting as a class) in connection with any corporate action, unless otherwise provided by law (for example by Rule 18f-2 discussed above), or by the Company’s Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws, the Company may take or authorize such action upon the favorable vote of the holders of more than 50% of all of the outstanding shares of Common Stock voting without regard to class (or portfolio).
MISCELLANEOUS
Counsel
The law firm of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-6996, serves as independent counsel to the Company and the Independent Directors.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young LLP, One Commerce Square, 2005 Market Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, serves as the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, and in that capacity audits the Funds’ financial statements.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited financial statements and notes thereto in the Funds’ Annual Reports to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017 (the “Annual Reports”) are incorporated by reference into this SAI. No other parts of the Annual Reports are incorporated by reference herein. The financial statements included in the Annual Reports have been audited by the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firms (Ernst & Young LLP for the Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund and the Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund, and BBD, LLP for the Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund) whose reports thereon also appears in the Annual Reports and are incorporated by reference into this SAI. Such financial statements have been incorporated by reference herein in reliance upon such report given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing. Copies of the Annual Reports may be obtained at no charge by telephoning the Funds at the telephone number appearing on the front page of this SAI.
45
A PPENDIX A
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS
Short-Term Credit Ratings
An S&P Global Ratings short-term issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. The following summarizes the rating categories used by S&P Global Ratings for short-term issues:
“A-1” – A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
“A-2” – A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
“A-3” – A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
“B” – A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
“C” – A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
“D” – A short-term obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Local Currency and Foreign Currency Ratings – S&P Global Ratings’ issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. An issuer’s foreign currency rating will differ from its local currency rating when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, vs. obligations denominated in a foreign currency.
Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) short-term ratings are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
“P-1” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
A- 1
“P-2” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
“P-3” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
“NP” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
“NR” – Is assigned to an unrated issuer.
Fitch, Inc. / Fitch Ratings Ltd. (“Fitch”) short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short-term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Fitch for short-term obligations:
“F1” – Securities possess the highest short-term credit quality. This designation indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
“F2” – Securities possess good short-term credit quality. This designation indicates good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
“F3” – Securities possess fair short-term credit quality. This designation indicates that the intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
“B” – Securities possess speculative short-term credit quality. This designation indicates minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
“C” – Securities possess high short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
“RD” – Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
“D” – Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
Plus (+) or minus (-) – The “F1” rating may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show the relative status within that major rating category.
“NR” – Is assigned to an unrated issue of a rated issuer.
The DBRS® Ratings Limited (“DBRS”) short-term debt rating scale provides an opinion on the risk that an issuer will not meet its short-term financial obligations in a timely manner. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer and the relative ranking of claims. The R-1 and R-2 rating categories are further denoted by the sub-categories “(high)”, “(middle)”, and “(low)”.
The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for commercial paper and short-term debt:
“R-1 (high)” - Short-term debt rated “R-1 (high)” is of the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is exceptionally high. Unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.
A- 2
“R-1 (middle)” – Short-term debt rated “R-1 (middle)” is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is very high. Differs from “R-1 (high)” by a relatively modest degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
“R-1 (low)” – Short-term debt rated “R-1 (low)” is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is substantial. Overall strength is not as favorable as higher rating categories. May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.
“R-2 (high)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (high)” is considered to be at the upper end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.
“R-2 (middle)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (middle)” is considered to be of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events or may be exposed to other factors that could reduce credit quality.
“R-2 (low)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (low)” is considered to be at the lower end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events. A number of challenges are present that could affect the issuer’s ability to meet such obligations.
“R-3” – Short-term debt rated “R-3” is considered to be at the lowest end of adequate credit quality. There is a capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due. May be vulnerable to future events and the certainty of meeting such obligations could be impacted by a variety of developments.
“R-4” – Short-term debt rated “R-4” is considered to be of speculative credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is uncertain.
“R-5” – Short-term debt rated “R-5” is considered to be of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet short-term financial obligations as they fall due.
“D” – Short-term debt rated “D” is assigned when the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to “D” may occur. DBRS may also use “SD” (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a “distressed exchange”.
Long-Term Credit Ratings
The following summarizes the ratings used by S&P Global Ratings for long-term issues:
“AAA” – An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
“AA” – An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
“A” – An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.
“BBB” – An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
“BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” – Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.
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“BB” – An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
“B” – An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB”, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
“CCC” – An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
“CC” – An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The “CC” rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
“C” – An obligation rated “C” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
“D” – An obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Plus (+) or minus (-) – The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
“NR” – This indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P Global Ratings does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks - S&P Global Ratings’ issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. An issuer’s foreign currency rating will differ from its local currency rating when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, vs. obligations denominated in a foreign currency.
Moody’s long-term ratings are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. Such ratings reflect both on the likelihood of default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for long-term debt:
“Aaa” – Obligations rated “Aaa” are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
“Aa” – Obligations rated “Aa” are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
“A” – Obligations rated “A” are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
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“Baa” – Obligations rated “Baa” are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
“Ba” – Obligations rated “Ba” are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
“B” – Obligations rated “B” are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
“Caa” – Obligations rated “Caa” are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
“Ca” – Obligations rated “Ca” are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
“C” – Obligations rated “C” are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
“NR” – Is assigned to unrated obligations.
The following summarizes long-term ratings used by Fitch :
“AAA” – Securities considered to be of the highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
“AA” – Securities considered to be of very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
“A” – Securities considered to be of high credit quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
“BBB” – Securities considered to be of good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
“BB” – Securities considered to be speculative. “BB” ratings indicate that there is an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
“B” – Securities considered to be highly speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
“CCC” – A “CCC” rating indicates that substantial credit risk is present.
“CC” – A “CC” rating indicates very high levels of credit risk.
“C” – A “C” rating indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned “RD” or “D” ratings but are instead rated in the “B” to “C” rating categories, depending on their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Fitch believes that this approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
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Plus (+) or minus (-) may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the “AAA” obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below “CCC”.
“NR” – Is assigned to an unrated issue of a rated issuer.
The DBRS long-term rating scale provides an opinion on the risk of default. That is, the risk that an issuer will fail to satisfy its financial obligations in accordance with the terms under which an obligation has been issued. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer, and the relative ranking of claims. All rating categories other than AAA and D also contain subcategories “(high)” and “(low)”. The absence of either a “(high)” or “(low)” designation indicates the rating is in the middle of the category. The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for long-term debt:
“AAA” – Long-term debt rated “AAA” is of the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is exceptionally high and unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.
“AA” – Long-term debt rated “AA” is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered high. Credit quality differs from “AAA” only to a small degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
“A” – Long-term debt rated “A” is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is substantial, but of lesser credit quality than “AA.” May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.
“BBB” – Long-term debt rated “BBB” is of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.
“BB” – Long-term debt rated “BB” is of speculative, non-investment grade credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is uncertain. Vulnerable to future events.
“B” – Long-term debt rated “B” is of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet financial obligations.
“CCC”, “CC” and “C” – Long-term debt rated in any of these categories is of very highly speculative credit quality. In danger of defaulting on financial obligations. There is little difference between these three categories, although “CC” and “C” ratings are normally applied to obligations that are seen as highly likely to default, or subordinated to obligations rated in the “CCC” to “B” range. Obligations in respect of which default has not technically taken place but is considered inevitable may be rated in the “C” category.
“D” – A security rated “D” is assigned when the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to “D” may occur. DBRS may also use “SD” (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a “distressed exchange”.
Municipal Note Ratings
An S&P Global Ratings U.S. municipal note rating reflects S&P Global Ratings’ opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, S&P Global Ratings’ analysis will review the following considerations:
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● | Amortization schedule - the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and |
● | Source of payment - the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note. |
Municipal Short-Term Note rating symbols are as follows:
“SP-1” – A municipal note rated “SP-1” exhibits a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
“SP-2” – A municipal note rated “SP-2” exhibits a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
“SP-3” – A municipal note rated “SP-3” exhibits a speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Moody’s uses the Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) scale to rate U.S. municipal bond anticipation notes of up to three years maturity. Municipal notes rated on the MIG scale may be secured by either pledged revenues or proceeds of a take-out financing received prior to note maturity. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation, and the issuer’s long-term rating is only one consideration in assigning the MIG rating. MIG ratings are divided into three levels – “MIG-1” through “MIG-3” while speculative grade short-term obligations are designated “SG”. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for short-term municipal obligations:
“MIG-1” – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
“MIG-2” – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
“MIG-3” – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
“SG” – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
“NR” – Is assigned to an unrated obligation.
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned: a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”). The second element uses a rating from a variation of the MIG scale called the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or “VMIG” scale. The rating transitions on the VMIG scale differ from those on the Prime scale to reflect the risk that external liquidity support generally will terminate if the issuer’s long-term rating drops below investment grade.
“VMIG-1” – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
“VMIG-2” – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
“VMIG-3” – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
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“SG” – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
“NR” – Is assigned to an unrated obligation.
About Credit Ratings
An S&P Global Ratings issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P Global Ratings’ view of the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.
Moody’s credit ratings must be construed solely as statements of opinion and not statements of fact or recommendations to purchase, sell or hold any securities.
Fitch’s credit ratings provide an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Fitch credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving the money owed to them in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitch’s credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign financial, bank, insurance, and public finance entities (including supranational and sub-national entities) and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.
Credit ratings provided by DBRS are forward-looking opinions about credit risk which reflect the creditworthiness of an issuer, rated entity, and/or security. Credit ratings are not statements of fact. While historical statistics and performance can be important considerations, credit ratings are not based solely on such; they include subjective considerations and involve expectations for future performance that cannot be guaranteed. To the extent that future events and economic conditions do not match expectations, credit ratings assigned to issuers and/or securities can change. Credit ratings are also based on approved and applicable methodologies, models and criteria (“Methodologies”), which are periodically updated and when material changes are deemed necessary, this may also lead to rating changes.
Credit ratings typically provide an opinion on the risk that investors may not be repaid in accordance with the terms under which the obligation was issued. In some cases, credit ratings may also include consideration for the relative ranking of claims and recovery, should default occur. Credit ratings are meant to provide opinions on relative measures of risk and are not based on expectations of any specific default probability, nor are they meant to predict such.
The data and information on which DBRS bases its opinions is not audited or verified by DBRS, although DBRS conducts a reasonableness review of information received and relied upon in accordance with its Methodologies and policies.
DBRS uses rating symbols as a concise method of expressing its opinion to the market, but there are a limited number of rating categories for the possible slight risk differentials that exist across the rating spectrum and DBRS does not assert that credit ratings in the same category are of “exactly” the same quality.
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APPENDIX B
Proxy Voting
Issue
Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act requires every investment adviser to adopt and implement written policies and procedures, reasonably designed to ensure that the adviser votes proxies in the best interest of its clients. The procedures must address material conflicts that may arise in connection with proxy voting. The Rule further requires the adviser to provide a concise summary of the adviser’s proxy voting process and offer to provide copies of the complete proxy voting policy and procedures to clients upon request. Lastly, the Rule requires that the adviser disclose to clients how they may obtain information on how the adviser voted their proxies.
SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC does vote proxies on behalf of its clients.
Policy
SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC does vote proxies on behalf of its clients.
Procedures:
1. | Upon receipt of proxy voting request, review items to be voted upon and Board recommendations. |
2. | Log into the proper online voting site and vote in accordance with Board recommendations unless otherwise notified by the Investment Committee. |
3. | Document the company, items voted on, and how SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC voted on the proxy spreadsheet. |
Procedures for SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC’s Receipt of Class Actions
The following procedures outline SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC’s receipt of “Class Action” documents from clients and custodians. It is SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC’s position not to file these “Class Action” documents, but if received will follow these guidelines:
1. If “Class Action” documents are received by SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC from the Client , SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC will gather any requisite information it has and forward to the client, to enable the client to file the “Class Action” at the client’s discretion. SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC will not file “Class Actions” on behalf of any client.
2. Similarly, if “Class Action” documents are received by SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC from the Custodian , SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC will gather any requisite information it has and forward to the client, to enable the client to file the “Class Action” at the client’s discretion. SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC will not file “Class Actions” on behalf of any client.
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THE RBB FUND, INC.
PEA 242
PART C: OTHER INFORMATION
Item 28 . | EXHIBITS |
(a) | Articles of Incorporation. |
(1) | Articles of Incorporation of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 24, 1988, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(2) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 24, 1988, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(3) | Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 12, 1988, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(4) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 12, 1988, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(5) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 27, 1990, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(6) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 1, 1990, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(7) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 15, 1992, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(8) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 22, 1992, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
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(9) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 1993, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(10) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 1993, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(11) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 19, 1994, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(12) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 19, 1994, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(13) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 19, 1994, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(14) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 19, 1994, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(15) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 31, 1995. |
(16) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 16, 1996. |
(17) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 11, 1996. |
(18) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 9, 1997. |
(19) | Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on September 25, 1997. |
(20) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on September 25, 1997. |
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(21) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 1998. |
(22) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 1998. |
(23) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 14, 1998. |
(24) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 14, 1998. |
(25) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on September 30, 1999. |
(26) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 69 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 29, 1999. |
(27) | Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 29, 2000. |
(28) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 29, 2000. |
(29) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 29, 2000. |
(30) | Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 29, 2000. |
(31) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 73 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 15, 2001. |
(32) | Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant ( Boston Partners Bond Fund – Institutional Class and Boston Partners Bond Fund – Investor Class ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 15, 2002. |
(33) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Boston Partners All-Cap Value Fund – Institutional Class and Boston Partners Bond Fund – Institutional Class ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 15, 2002. |
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(34) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Schneider Value Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 16, 2002. |
(35) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Institutional Liquidity Fund for Credit Unions and Liquidity Fund for Credit Union Members ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 84 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 29, 2003. |
(36) | Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 30, 2004. |
(37) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Robeco WPG Core Bond Fund – Investor Class, Robeco WPG Core Bond Fund – Institutional Class, Robeco WPG Tudor Fund – Institutional Class, Robeco WPG Large Cap Growth Fund – Institutional Class ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 93 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 4, 2005. |
(38) | Certificate of Correction of Registrant is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 23, 2005. |
(39) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Robeco WPG Core Bond Fund – Investor Class, Robeco WPG Core Bond Fund – Institutional Class, Robeco WPG Tudor Fund – Institutional Class, Robeco WPG 130/30 Large Cap Core Fund f/k/a Robeco WPG Large Cap Growth Fund – Institutional Class ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 23, 2005. |
(40) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Senbanc Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 96 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 6, 2005. |
(41) | Articles of Amendment of Registrant ( Robeco WPG Core Bond Fund – Retirement Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 97 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 19, 2005. |
(42) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Robeco WPG Core Bond Fund – Investor Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 99 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on September 27, 2005. |
(43) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Bear Stearns CUFS MLP Mortgage Portfolio) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 18, 2006. |
(44) | Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant (Bear Stearns CUFS MLP Mortgage Portfolio) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 108 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 14, 2006. |
(45) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Bear Stearns Ultra Short Income Fund f/k/a Bear Stearns Enhanced Income Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 15, 2006. |
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(46) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Marvin & Palmer Large Cap Growth Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 15, 2006. |
(47) | Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant ( Bear Stearns Ultra Short Income Fund f/k/a Bear Stearns Enhanced Income Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 28, 2007. |
(48) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Bear Stearns Ultra Short Income Fund f/k/a Bear Stearns Enhanced Income Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 28, 2007. |
(49) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Free Market U.S. Equity Fund, Free Market International Equity Fund, Free Market Fixed Income Fund) incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 1, 2007. |
(50) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Robeco WPG 130/30 Large Cap Core Fund – Investor Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 113 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 13, 2007. |
(51) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( SAM Sustainable Water Fund, SAM Sustainable Climate Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 114 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 17, 2007. |
(52) | Articles of Amendment of Registrant (Robeco WPG 130/30 Large Cap Core Fund – Institutional Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 116 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on September 4, 2007. |
(53) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Bear Stearns Multifactor 130/30 US Core Equity Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 123 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 17, 2007. |
(54) | Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant (Bear Stearns Ultra Short Income Fund f/k/a Bear Stearns Enhanced Income Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 124 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2007. |
(55) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( SAM Sustainable Global Active Fund, SAM Sustainable Themes Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 128 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 23, 2009. |
(56) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Perimeter Small Cap Growth Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 129 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 2, 2009. |
(57) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( S1 Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 19, 2010. |
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(58) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Robeco Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 136 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 4, 2010. |
(59) | Articles of Amendment of Registrant (Robeco WPG Small/Micro Cap Value Fund f/k/a Robeco WPG Small Cap Value Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 141 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2010. |
(60) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Robeco Boston Partners Global Equity Fund and Robeco Boston Partners International Equity Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 14, 2011. |
(61) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 15, 2011. |
(62) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Free Market U.S. Equity Fund, Free Market International Equity Fund, Free Market Fixed Income Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 149 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827 ) filed on October 29, 2012. |
(63) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Robeco Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 152 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 29, 2013. |
(64) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Robeco Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund – Institutional Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 157 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 2013. |
(65) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Matson Money U.S. Equity VI Portfolio, Matson Money International VI Equity Portfolio, Matson Money Fixed Income VI Portfolio ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 159 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2013. |
(66) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Scotia Dynamic U.S. Growth Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 161 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 27, 2013. |
(67) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Robeco Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund – Institutional Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(68) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund and Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund )) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(69) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Campbell Core Trend Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 171 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 16, 2014. |
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(70) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Free Market U.S. Equity Fund, Free Market International Equity Fund, Free Market Fixed Income Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 174 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23. 2014. |
(71) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Investment Funds) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 174 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23. 2014. |
(72) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Emerging Markets Long/Short Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 182 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 16, 2015 |
(73) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Campbell Core Carry Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 182 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 16, 2015. |
(74) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Boston Partners Alpha Blue Dynamic Equity Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 182 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 16, 2015. |
(75) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund – Class C ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 184 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 30, 2015. |
(76) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund – Institutional Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 187 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 29, 2015. |
(77) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 195 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 30, 2016. |
(78) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Fasanara Capital Absolute Return Multi-Asset Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 198 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 29, 2016. |
(79) | Articles of Amendment of Registrant (Campbell Dynamic Trend Fund f/k/a Campbell Core Trend Fund and Campbell Multi-Asset Carry Fund f/k/a Campbell Core Carry Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(80) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Motley Fool Global Opportunities Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Independence Fund), Motley Fool Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Great America Fund), and Motley Fool Emerging Markets Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Epic Voyage Fund)) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 206 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2016. |
(81) | Articles of Amendment of Registrant (Motley Fool Emerging Markets Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Epic Voyage Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 212 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 28, 2017. |
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(82) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Orinda Income Opportunities Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 216 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 10, 2017. |
(83) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund — Class T) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 216 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 10, 2017. |
(84) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Campbell Managed Futures 10V Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 224 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 28, 2017. |
(85) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Emerging Markets Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 226 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 23, 2017. |
(86) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Motley Fool 100 Index ETF) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 235 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 19, 2018. |
(87) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund – Class I ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(88) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund – Institutional Class ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(89) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Free Market U.S. Equity Fund, Free Market International Equity Fund, Free Market Fixed Income Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(90) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Aquarius International Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(91) | Articles Supplementary of Registrant ( Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(92) | Articles of Amendment of Registrant ( Dynamic U.S. Growth Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(93) | Articles of Amendment of Registrant (Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund) are filed herewith. |
(94) | Articles of Amendment of Registrant ( Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund ) are filed herewith. |
(95) | Articles of Amendment of Registrant ( Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund) ) are filed herewith. |
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(96) | Articles of Amendment of Registrant ( Motley Fool Global Opportunities Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Independence Fund), and Motley Fool Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Great America Fund), are filed herewith. |
(b) | By-Laws. |
(1) | By-Laws, as amended, are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 143 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 28, 2011. |
(c) | Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders. |
(1) | See Articles VI, VII, VIII, IX and XI of Registrant’s Articles of Incorporation dated February 17, 1988 which are incorporated herein by reference to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 24, 1988, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(2) | See Articles II, III, VI, XIII, and XIV of Registrant’s By-Laws as amended through August 25, 2004, which are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 30, 2004. |
(d) | Investment Advisory Contracts. |
(1) | Investment Advisory Agreement (Schneider Small Cap Value Fund) between Registrant and Schneider Capital Management Company is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 1998. |
(2) | Investment Advisory Agreement (Bogle Investment Management Small Cap Growth Fund) between Registrant and Bogle Investment Management, L.P. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on September 30, 1999. |
(3) | Investment Advisory Agreement (Free Market U.S. Equity Fund, Free Market International Equity Fund, Free Market Fixed Income Fund) between Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. (f/k/a Abundance Technologies, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 125 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 27, 2008 . |
(4) | Amendment No. 1 to the Investment Advisory Agreement ( Free Market U.S. Equity Fund, Free Market International Equity Fund and Free Market Fixed Income Fund ) between Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. (f/k/a Abundance Technologies, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 157 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 2013. |
(5) | Form of Contractual Fee Waiver Agreement (Schneider Small Cap Value Fund) between Registrant and Schneider Capital Management Company is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
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(6) | Form of Contractual Fee Waiver Agreement (Boston Partners Investment Funds) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 239 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 22, 2018. |
(7) | Investment Advisory Agreement ( Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund ) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2013. |
(8) | Form of Contractual Fee Waiver Agreement ( Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund ) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is filed herewith. |
(9) | Investment Advisory Agreement (Boston Partners Investment Funds) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. (f/k/a Robeco Investment Management, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 157 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 2013. |
(10) | Addendum No. 1 to Investment Advisory Agreement ( Robeco Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. (f/k/a Robeco Investment Management, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2013. |
(11) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement ( Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund ( f/k/a Scotia Dynamic U.S. Growth Fund )) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(12) | Form of Contractual Fee Waiver Agreement ( Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is filed herewith. |
(13) | Investment Advisory Agreement ( Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund ) between Registrant and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(14) | Investment Advisory Agreement ( Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund ) between Abbey Capital Offshore Fund Limited and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(15) | Form of Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Offshore Fund Limited, Abbey Capital Limited and Altis Partners (Jersey) Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(16) | Form of Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Offshore Fund Limited, Abbey Capital Limited and Cantab Capital Partners, LLP is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
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(17) | Form of Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Offshore Fund Limited, Abbey Capital Limited and Eclipse Capital Management, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(18) | Form of Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Offshore Fund Limited, Abbey Capital Limited and Graham Capital Management, LP is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(19) | Form of Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Offshore Fund Limited, Abbey Capital Limited and P/E Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(20) | Form of Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Offshore Fund Limited, Abbey Capital Limited and Revolution Capital Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(21) | Form of Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Offshore Fund Limited, Abbey Capital Limited and Trigon Investment Advisors, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(22) | Form of Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Offshore Fund Limited, Abbey Capital Limited and Harmonic Capital Partners LLP is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(23) | Addendum No. 2 to Investment Advisory Agreement ( Robeco WPG Small/Micro Cap Fund) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. (f/k/a Robeco Investment Management, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(24) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement ( Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund) ) between Registrant and Altair Advisers LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014. |
(25) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement dated December 29, 2014 ( Campbell Core Trend Fund ) between Registrant and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 175 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2014. |
(26) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement dated January 2, 2015 ( Campbell Core Trend Fund ) between Registrant and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 175 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2014. |
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(27) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement ( Campbell Core Trend Fund ) between Campbell Core Offshore Limited and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 175 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2014. |
(28) | Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund)) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Aperio Group, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014. |
(29) | Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund)) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Driehaus Capital Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014. |
(30) | Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund)) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Granite Investment Partners, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014. |
(31) | Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund)) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014. |
(32) | Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund)) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Pier Capital, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014. |
(33) | Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund)) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and River Road Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014. |
(34) | Form of Addendum No. 3 to Investment Advisory Agreement ( Boston Partners Emerging Markets Long/Short Fund ) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. (f/k/a Robeco Investment Management, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 180 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 14, 2015. |
(35) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement ( Campbell Multi-Asset Carry Fund, f/k/a Campbell Core Carry Fund ) between Registrant and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 181 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 2, 2015. |
(36) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement ( Campbell Multi-Asset Carry Fund, f/k/a Campbell Core Carry Fund ) between Campbell Core Carry Offshore Limited and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 181 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 2, 2015. |
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(37) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement (Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 195 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 30, 2016 . |
(38) | Form of Contractual Fee Waiver (Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is filed herewith. |
(39) | Form of Contractual Fee Waiver (Bogle Investment Management Small Cap Growth Fund) between Registrant and Bogle Investment Management is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(40) | Form of Contractual Fee Waiver (Campbell Dynamic Trend Fund and Campbell Multi-Asset Carry Fund) between Registrant and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(41) | Form of Contractual Fee Waiver (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) from April 10, 2017 through April 30, 2018 between Registrant and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 216 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 10, 2017. |
(42) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement ( Matson Money U.S. Equity VI Portfolio, Matson Money International Equity VI Portfolio, and Matson Money Fixed Income VI Portfolio ) between Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 159 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2013. |
(43) | Form of Contractual Fee Waiver ( Matson Money U.S. Equity VI Portfolio, Matson Money International Equity VI Portfolio, and Matson Money Fixed Income VI Portfolio) between Registrant and Matson Money Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(44) | Form of Addendum No. 4 to Investment Advisory Agreement ( Boston Partners All-Cap Value Fund ) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. (f/k/a Robeco Investment Management, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 213 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 28, 2017. |
(45) | First Amendment to Investment Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund ) between Registrant and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 216 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 10, 2017. |
(46) | Form of Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Offshore Fund Limited, Abbey Capital Limited and Aspect Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 216 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 10, 2017. |
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(47) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement (Orinda Income Opportunities Fund) between Registrant and Orinda Asset Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 219 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 1, 2017. |
(48) | Form of Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (Orinda Income Opportunities Fund) between Registrant and Orinda Asset Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 219 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 1, 2017. |
(49) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement (Campbell Managed Futures 10V Fund) between Registrant and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 220 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 9, 2017. |
(50) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement (Campbell Managed Futures 10V Fund) between Campbell Managed Futures LV Offshore Limited and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 220 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 9, 2017. |
(51) | Form of Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (Campbell Managed Futures 10V Fund) between Registrant and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 220 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 9, 2017. |
(52) | Form of Addendum No. 5 to Investment Advisory Agreement ( Boston Partners Emerging Markets Fund ) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 226 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 23, 2017. |
(53) | Form of Contractual Fee Waiver (Boston Partners Emerging Markets Fund) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 226 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 23, 2017. |
(54) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement ( Motley Fool Global Opportunities Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Independence Fund), Motley Fool Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Great America Fund), and Motley Fool Emerging Markets Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Epic Voyage Fund)) between Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 206 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2016. |
(55) | Form of Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement ( Motley Fool Global Opportunities Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Independence Fund), Motley Fool Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Great America Fund), and Motley Fool Emerging Markets Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Epic Voyage Fund)) between Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(56) | Amendment to Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund)) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Aperio Group, LLC will be filed by amendment. |
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(57) | Form of Amendment to Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Offshore Fund Limited, Abbey Capital Limited and Aspect Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(58) | Form of Contractual Fee Waiver (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) from May 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018 between Registrant and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(59) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement (Motley Fool 100 Index ETF) between Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 235 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 19, 2018. |
(60) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement (Aquarius International Fund) between Registrant and Altair Advisers LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(61) | Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement ( Aquarius International Fund Fund) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Aperio Group, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(62) | Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement ( Aquarius International Fund Fund) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Driehaus Capital Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(63) | Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement ( Aquarius International Fund Fund) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Mawer Investment Management Ltd. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(64) | Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement ( Aquarius International Fund Fund) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Setanta Asset Management Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(65) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement ( Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund ) between Registrant and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 233 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 10, 2018. |
(66) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement ( Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund ) between ACMAF Offshore Fund Limited and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 233 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 10, 2018. |
(67) | Form of Trading Advisory Agreement ( Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund ) among Registrant, Abbey Capital Limited, ACMAF Offshore Fund Limited and Aspect Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 233 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 10, 2018. |
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(68) | Form of Trading Advisory Agreement ( Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund ) among Registrant, Abbey Capital Limited, ACMAF Offshore Fund Limited and Eclipse Capital Management, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 233 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 10, 2018. |
(69) | Form of Trading Advisory Agreement ( Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund ) among Registrant, Abbey Capital Limited, ACMAF Offshore Fund Limited and Revolution Capital Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 233 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 10, 2018. |
(70) | Form of Trading Advisory Agreement ( Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund ) among Registrant, Abbey Capital Limited, ACMAF Offshore Fund Limited and Welton Investment Partners LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 233 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 10, 2018. |
(71) | Form of Contractual Fee Waiver ( Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund ) between Registrant and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 233 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 10, 2018. |
(72) | Form of Trading Advisory Agreement ( Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund ) among Abbey Capital Offshore Fund Limited, Abbey Capital Limited, Welton Investment Partners LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 235 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 19, 2018. |
(73) | Form of Amendment No. 2 to the Investment Advisory Agreement ( Free Market U.S. Equity Fund, Free Market International Equity Fund and Free Market Fixed Income Fund ) between Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 239 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 22, 2018. |
(e) | Underwriting Contracts. |
(1) | Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Abbey Capital Limited dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(2) | Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Altair Advisers LLC dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(3) | Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Bogle Investment Management, L.P. dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(4) | Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(5) | Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
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(6) | Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Matson Money, Inc. dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(7) | Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Schneider Capital Management Company dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(8) | Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Summit Global Investments, LLC dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(9) | Form of Distribution Agreement ( Motley Fool Global Opportunities Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Independence Fund), Motley Fool Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Great America Fund), and Motley Fool Emerging Markets Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Epic Voyage Fund)) between Registrant and Foreside Funds Distributors LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 212 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 28, 2017. |
(10) | Form of Distribution Agreement (Orinda Income Opportunities Fund) between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Orinda Asset Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 219 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 1, 2017. |
(11) | Amendment to the Distribution Agreement ( Campbell Managed Futures 10V Fund ) between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 224 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 28, 2017. |
(12) | Form of Amendment to the Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 226 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 23, 2017. |
(13) | Amendment to Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Abbey Capital Limited dated July 11, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(14) | Form of Distribution Agreement (Motley Fool 100 Index ETF) between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 235 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 19, 2018. |
(15) | Form of Amendment to the Distribution Agreement ( Aquarius International Fund ) between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Altair Advisers LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
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(16) | Amendment to Distribution Agreement ( Abbey Capital Multi-Asset Fund ) between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC and Abbey Capital Limited will be filed by amendment. |
(f) | Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts. |
(1) | Form of Deferred Compensation Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2013. |
(2) | Form of Deferred Compensation Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2013. |
(g) | Custodian Agreements. |
(1) | Custody Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(2) | First Amendment dated June 30, 2016 to the Custody Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(3) | Addendum to Custody Agreement dated January 5, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 216 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 10, 2017. |
(4) | Form of Second Amendment dated May 1, 2017 to the Custody Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 219 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 1, 2017. |
(5) | Form of Third Amendment to the Custody Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 224 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 28, 2017. |
(6) | Form of Fourth Amendment to the Custody Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 226 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 23, 2017. |
(7) |
Form of Fifth Amendment to the Custody Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association dated December 1, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(8) | Form of Custody Agreement (Motley Fool 100 Index ETF) between Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 235 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 19, 2018. |
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(9) | Form of Amendment to the Custody Agreement (Aquarius International Fund) between Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(10) | Form of Amendment to the Custody Agreement (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) between Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association will be filed by amendment. |
(h) | Other Material Contracts. |
(1) | Non 12b-1 Shareholder Services Plan and Agreement (Bogle Investment Management Small Cap Growth - Investor Shares) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on September 30, 1999. |
(2) | Non-12b-1 Shareholder Services Plan and Related Form of Shareholder Servicing Agreement (Robeco WPG Small/Micro Cap Value Fund f/k/a Robeco WPG Tudor Fund – Institutional Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 100 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 25, 2005. |
(3) | Services Plan for Class I Shares and Form of Servicing Agreement ( Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund, formerly known as Scotia Dynamic U.S. Growth Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 161 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 27, 2013. |
(4) | Services Plan for Class II Shares and Form of Servicing Agreement ( Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund, formerly known as Scotia Dynamic U.S. Growth Fund ) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 161 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 27, 2013. |
(5) | Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(6) | First Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(7) | Form of Second Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 219 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 1, 2017. |
(8) | Form of Third Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 224 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 28, 2017. |
(9) | Form of Fourth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 226 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 23, 2017. |
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(10) | Form of Fifth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC dated December 1, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(11) | Form of Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (Motley Fool 100 Index ETF) between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 235 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 19, 2018. |
(12) | Form of Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (Aquarius International Fund) between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(13) | Form of Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC will be filed by amendment. |
(14) | Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(15) | First Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(16) | Form of Second Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 219 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 1, 2017. |
(17) | Form of Third Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 224 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 28, 2017. |
(18) | Form of Fourth Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 226 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 23, 2017. |
(19) | Form of Fifth Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC dated December 1, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(20) | Form of Fund Administration Servicing Agreement (Motley Fool 100 Index ETF) between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 235 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 19, 2018. |
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(21) | Form of Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement (Aquarius International Fund) between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(22) | Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC will be filed by amendment. |
(23) | Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(24) | First Amendment to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016. |
(25) | Form of Second Amendment to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 219 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 1, 2017. |
(26) | Form of Third Amendment to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 224 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 28, 2017. |
(27) | Form of Fourth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 226 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 23, 2017. |
(28) | Form of Fifth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC dated December 1, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(29) | Form of Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement (Motley Fool 100 Index ETF) between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 235 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 19, 2018. |
(30) | Form of Amendment to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement (Aquarius International Fund) between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(31) | Amendment to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC will be filed by amendment. |
(i) | (1) | Opinion of Counsel is filed herewith. |
(2) | Consent of Counsel is filed herewith. |
(j) | (1) | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP is filed herewith. |
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(2) | Consent of BBD, LLP is filed herewith. |
(k) | None. |
(l) | Initial Capital Agreements. |
(1) | Subscription Agreement, relating to Classes A through N, is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 12, 1988, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(2) | Subscription Agreement between Registrant and Planco Financial Services, Inc., relating to Classes O and P is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 14, 1990. |
(3) | Subscription Agreement between Registrant and Planco Financial Services, Inc., relating to Class Q is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 14, 1990. |
(4) | Subscription Agreement between Registrant and Counselors Securities Inc. relating to Classes R, S, and Alpha 1 through Theta 4 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 15, 1992, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998. |
(5) | Purchase Agreement between Registrant and Boston Partners Asset Management, L.P. relating to Classes TT and UU (Boston Partners Mid Cap Value Fund) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on September 25, 1997. |
(6) | Purchase Agreement between Registrant and Schneider Capital Management Company relating to Class YY (Schneider Small Cap Value Fund) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 1998. |
(7) | Purchase Agreement between Registrant and Boston Partners Asset Management, L.P. relating to Classes DDD and EEE (Boston Partners Small Cap Value Fund II (formerly Micro Cap Value)) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 1998. |
(8) | Purchase Agreement between Registrant and Boston Partners Asset Management relating to Classes III and JJJ (Boston Partners Long/Short Equity Fund (formerly Market Neutral)) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 14, 1998. |
(9) | Form of Purchase Agreement between Registrant and Boston Partners Asset Management, L. P. relating to Classes KKK and LLL (Boston Partners Fund (formerly Long-Short Equity)) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 19, 1999. |
(10) | Purchase Agreement (Bogle Investment Management Small Cap Growth Fund) between Registrant and Bogle Investment Management, L.P. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on September 30, 1999. |
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(11) | Purchase Agreement (Boston Partners All-Cap Value Fund) between Registrant and Boston Partners Asset Management, L.P. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 80 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 1, 2002. |
(12) | Purchase Agreement (Schneider Value Fund) between Registrant and Schneider Capital Management Company is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 80 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 1, 2002. |
(13) | Purchase Agreement (Robeco WPG Small/Micro Cap Value Fund f/k/a Robeco WPG Tudor Fund) between Registrant and Weiss, Peck & Greer Investments is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 96 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 6, 2005. |
(14) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Free Market U.S. Equity Fund) between Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. (f/k/a Abundance Technologies, Inc.), is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 1, 2007. |
(15) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Free Market International Equity Fund) between Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. (f/k/a Abundance Technologies, Inc.) , is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 1, 2007. |
(16) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Free Market Fixed Income Fund) between Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. (f/k/a Abundance Technologies, Inc.) , is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 1, 2007. |
(17) | Form of Purchase Agreement ( Perimeter Small Cap Growth Fund ) between Registrant and Perimeter Capital Management is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 30, 2009. |
(18) | Purchase Agreement (S1 Fund) between Registrant and Simple Alternatives, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to the Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 2010. |
(19) | Purchase Agreement (Robeco Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund) between Registrant and Robeco Investment Management Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 136 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 4, 2010. |
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(20) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Robeco Boston Partners Global Equity Fund) between Registrant and Robeco Investment Management Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 14, 2011. |
(21) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Robeco Boston Partners International Equity Fund) between Registrant and Robeco Investment Management Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 14, 2011. |
(22) | Purchase Agreement (Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 157 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 2013. |
(23) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Robeco Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund-Investor Class) between Registrant and Robeco Investment Management Inc. is incorporated hereby by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2013. |
(24) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Robeco Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund-Institutional Class) between Registrant and Robeco Investment Management Inc. is incorporated hereby by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2013. |
(25) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Robeco Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund-Investor Class) between Registrant and Robeco Investment Management Inc. is incorporated hereby by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2013. |
(26) | Form of Purchase Agreement ( Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund, formerly known as Scotia Dynamic U.S. Growth Fund ) between Registrant and Scotia Institutional Asset Management US, Ltd. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(27) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) between Registrant and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(28) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund)) between Registrant and Altair Advisers LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014. |
(29) | Form of Purchase Agreement ( Campbell Core Trend Fund ) between Registrant and Campbell & Company, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 175 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2014. |
(30) | Purchase Agreement (Boston Partners Emerging Markets Long/Short Fund) between Registrant and Robeco Investment Management, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 187 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 29, 2015 . |
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(31) | Purchase Agreement (Campbell Core Carry Fund) between Registrant and Campbell & Company, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 187 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 29, 2015. |
(32) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Boston Partners Alpha Blue Dynamic Equity Fund) between Registrant and Robeco Investment Management, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 182 to the Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 16, 2015. |
(33) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 195 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 30, 2016 . |
(34) | Form of Purchase Agreement Form of Purchase Agreement ( Motley Fool Global Opportunities Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Independence Fund), Motley Fool Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Great America Fund), and Motley Fool Emerging Markets Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Epic Voyage Fund)) between Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 206 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2016 . |
(35) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Orinda Income Opportunities Fund) between Registrant and Orinda Asset Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 219 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 1, 2017. |
(36) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Campbell Managed Futures 10V Fund) between Registrant and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 220 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 9, 2017. |
(37) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Boston Partners Emerging Markets Fund) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 226 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 23, 2017. |
(38) | Form of Purchase Agreement ( Motley Fool 100 Index Fund ) between Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 235 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 19, 2018. |
(39) | Form of Purchase Agreement (Aquarius International Fund) between Registrant and Altair Advisers LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
(40) | Purchase Agreement ( Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund ) between Registrant and Abbey Capital Limited will be filed by Amendment. |
(m) | Rule 12b-1 Plan. |
(1) | Plan of Distribution (Boston Partners Mid Cap Value Fund - Investor Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 9, 1997. |
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(2) | Plan of Distribution (Boston Partners Small Cap Value Fund II (formerly Micro Cap Value) - Investor Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 10, 1998. |
(3) | Amendment to Plans of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 14, 1998. |
(4) | Plan of Distribution (Boston Partners Long/Short Equity Fund (formerly Market Neutral) - Investor Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 62 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 12, 1998. |
(5) | Plan of Distribution (Boston Partners Fund (formerly Long Short Equity) - Investor Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 19, 1999. |
(6) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Boston Partners All-Cap Value Fund) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 80 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 1, 2002. |
(7) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1( Robeco Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund — Investor Class ) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 141 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2010. |
(8) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1( Robeco Boston Partners Global Equity Fund — Investor Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 14, 2011. |
(9) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Robeco Boston Partners International Equity Fund — Investor Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 14, 2011. |
(10) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund — Retail Class) is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 15, 2011. |
(11) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund – Class A) is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 15, 2011. |
(12) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Robeco Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund — Investor Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 154 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 11, 2013. |
(13) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund — Class A) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(14) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund — Class C) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
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(15) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund —Class C) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 184 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 30, 2015. |
(16) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund – Retail Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 195 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 30, 2016. |
(17) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund – Class C) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 195 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 30, 2016. |
(18) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund — Class T) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 216 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 10, 2017. |
(19) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Orinda Income Opportunities Fund — Class A) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 219 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 1, 2017. |
(20) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Orinda Income Opportunities Fund — Class D) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 219 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 1, 2017. |
(21) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Campbell Managed Futures 10V Fund — Class N ) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 224 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 28, 2017. |
(22) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Campbell Managed Futures 10V Fund — Class T ) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 224 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 28, 2017. |
(23) | Form of Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund – Class A Shares (formerly Class II Shares)) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(24) | Form of Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund – Class C Shares (formerly Institutional Shares) ) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(25) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund – Class A Shares ) will be filed by amendment. |
(26) | Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 ( Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund – Class C Shares ) will be filed by amendment. |
(n) | Rule 18f-3 Plan. |
(1) | Amended Rule 18f-3 Plan will be filed by amendment. |
(p) | Code of Ethics. |
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(1) | Code of Ethics of the Registrant is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(2) | Code of Ethics of Robeco Investment Management is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 145 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 30, 2011. |
(3) | Code of Ethics of Schneider Capital Management Company is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 129 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 2, 2009. |
(4) | Code of Ethics of Bogle Investment Management, L.P. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 129 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 2, 2009 . |
(5) | Code of Ethics of Matson Money, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 145 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 30, 2011. |
(6) | Code of Ethics of Foreside Funds Distributors LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 182 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 16, 2015. |
(7) | Code of Ethics of Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 145 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 30, 2011. |
(8) | Code of Ethics of Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014. |
(9) | Code of Ethics of Altair Advisers LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014. |
(10) | Code of Ethics of Aperio Group is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014. |
(11) | Code of Ethics of Driehaus Capital Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014. |
(12) | Code of Ethics of Granite Investment Partners, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014. |
(13) | Code of Ethics of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014. |
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(14) | Code of Ethics of Pier Capital LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014. |
(15) | Code of Ethics of River Road Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014. |
(16) | Code of Ethics of Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 175 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2014. |
(17) | Code of Ethics of Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 206 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2016. |
(18) | Code of Ethics of Quasar Distributors, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 210 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 31, 2017. |
(19) | Code of Ethics of Orinda Asset Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017. |
(20) | Code of Ethics of Mawer Investment Management Ltd. is filed herewith. |
(21) | Code of Ethics of Setanta Asset Management Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018. |
Item 29. PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH REGISTRANT
None.
Item 30. INDEMNIFICATION
Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Article VIII of Registrant’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended, incorporated herein by reference as Exhibits (a)(1) and (a)(3), provide as follows:
Section 1. To the fullest extent that limitations on the liability of directors and officers are permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law, no director or officer of the Corporation shall have any liability to the Corporation or its shareholders for damages. This limitation on liability applies to events occurring at the time a person serves as a director or officer of the Corporation whether or not such person is a director or officer at the time of any proceeding in which liability is asserted.
Section 2. The Corporation shall indemnify and advance expenses to its currently acting and its former directors to the fullest extent that indemnification of directors is permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law. The Corporation shall indemnify and advance expenses to its officers to the same extent as its directors and to such further extent as is consistent with law. The Board of Directors may by law, resolution or agreement make further provision for indemnification of directors, officers, employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted by the Maryland General Corporation law.
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Section 3. No provision of this Article shall be effective to protect or purport to protect any director or officer of the Corporation against any liability to the Corporation or its security holders to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
Section 4. References to the Maryland General Corporation Law in this Article are to the law as from time to time amended. No further amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation shall decrease, but may expand, any right of any person under this Article based on any event, omission or proceeding prior to such amendment. Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Section 12 of the Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. (“Boston Partners”) (f/k/a Robeco Investment Management, Inc.), incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(9), provides for the indemnification of Boston Partners against certain losses.
Section 12 of the Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and Bogle Investment Management, L.P. (“Bogle”), dated September 15, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2) provides for the indemnification of Bogle against certain losses.
Section 12 of the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Schneider Capital Management (“Schneider”) incorporated herein by reference as exhibit (d)(1) provides for the indemnification of Schneider against certain losses.
Section 12 of each of the Investment Advisory Agreements between the Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. ( f/k/a Abundance Technologies, Inc.) , (“Matson Money”) incorporated herein by reference as exhibits (d)(3) and (d)(42) provides for the indemnification of Matson Money against certain losses.
Section 12 of each of the Investment Advisory Agreements between the Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC (“SGI”) incorporated herein by reference as exhibits (d)(7), (d)(11) and (d)(37) provides for the indemnification of SGI against certain losses.
Section 12 of each of the Investment Advisory Agreements with Abbey Capital Limited (“Abbey Capital”) incorporated herein by reference as exhibits (d)(13), (d)(14), (d)(65) and (d)(66) provides for the indemnification of Abbey Capital against certain losses.
Section 12 of each of the Investment Advisory Agreements between the Registrant and Altair Advisers LLC (“Altair”) incorporated herein by reference as exhibits (d)(24) and (d)(60) provide for indemnification of Altair against certain losses.
30
Section 12 of each of the Investment Advisory Agreements between the Registrant and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC (“CCIA”) incorporated herein by reference as exhibits (d)(25), (d)(26), (d)(35), (d)(36), (d)(49) and (d)(50) provide for indemnification of CCIA against certain losses.
Section 12 of each of the Investment Advisory Agreements between the Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC (“Motley Fool”) incorporated herein by reference to exhibits (d)(54) and (d)(59) provides for indemnification of Motley Fool against certain losses.
Section 12 of the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Orinda Asset Management LLC (“Orinda”) incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(47) provides for indemnification of Orinda against certain losses.
Section 8 of each of the Distribution Agreements between Registrant and Quasar Distributors, LLC incorporated herein by reference to exhibits (e)(1) – (e)(10) and (e)(14) provide for the indemnification of Quasar Distributors, LLC against certain losses.
Item 31. | BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISERS. |
31
3. |
Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. The sole business activity of Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. (“Boston Partners”), 909 Third Avenue, New York 10022, is to serve as an investment adviser. Boston Partners provides investment advisory services to the Boston Partners Funds and the WPG Partners Funds. Boston Partners is registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and serves as an investment adviser to domestic and foreign institutional investors, investment companies, commingled trust funds, private investment partnerships and collective investment vehicles. Information as to the directors and officers of Boston Partners is as follows: |
Name and Position with Boston Partners | Other Company | Position With Other Company |
Mark E. Donovan
Co-Chief Executive Officer
|
Robeco Institutional Asset Management US Inc.
|
Director |
Joseph F. Feeney, Jr.
Co-Chief Executive Officer
|
Robeco US Holding, Inc. | Director |
William George Butterly, III
General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer & Secretary
|
Robeco Institutional Asset Management US Inc.
|
Chief Legal Officer, Chief Compliance Officer & Secretary
|
Boston Partners Securities LLC | Chief Legal Officer | |
Robeco Trust Company | Chief Operating Officer, Secretary & Director | |
RobecoSAM USA, Inc. | Chief Legal Officer, Chief Compliance Officer & Secretary | |
Robeco Boston Partners (UK) Limited | Director, Chief Operating Officer & Secretary |
32
Matthew J. Davis
Treasurer & Chief Financial Officer
|
Robeco Institutional Asset Management US Inc.
|
President, Treasurer & Director
|
Boston Partners Securities LLC | Chief Financial Officer | |
Robeco Trust Company | Director, President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer & Director | |
Robeco Boston Partners (UK) Limited | Chief Financial Officer |
33
34
5. |
Summit Global Investments, LLC:
The sole business activity of Summit Global Investments, LLC (“SGI”), 620 South Main Street, Bountiful, Utah 84010, is to serve as an investment adviser. SGI is registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The only employment of a substantial nature of each of SGI’s directors and officers is with SGI.
|
6. |
Abbey Capital Limited :
The only employment of a substantial nature of each of Abbey Capital Limited directors and officers is with Abbey Capital Limited.
|
7. |
Altair Advisers LLC:
The only employment of a substantial nature of each of Altair Advisers LLC directors and officers is with Altair Advisers LLC.
|
35
8. |
Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC:
The principal business activity of Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC (“CCIA”), 2850 Quarry Lake Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21209, is to serve as an investment adviser. CCIA is registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
Below is a list of each executive officer and director of CCIA indicating each business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each such person has been engaged within the last two years, for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, partner or trustee.
|
Name and Position with CCIA | Name of Other Company | Position With Other Company |
G. Williams Andrews
Chief Executive Officer |
Campbell & Company, LP
|
Chief Executive Officer
|
Campbell & Company, LLC | Director & Chief Executive Officer | |
EC LLC | Managing Member | |
The Campbell Multi-Strategy Trust | Trustee & Chief Executive Officer | |
Campbell Financial Services, LLC
|
Director
|
Campbell & Company International Bahamas Limited | Director & President | |
Campbell Core Offshore Limited | Director | |
Campbell Core Carry Offshore Limited | Director | |
Gregory T. Donovan Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer & Assistant Secretary
|
Campbell & Company, LP
|
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer & Assistant Secretary
|
Campbell & Company, LLC | Chief Financial Officer | |
The Campbell Multi-Strategy Trust |
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer & Assistant Secretary | |
Campbell Financial Services, LLC |
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
|
36
Campbell & Company International Bahamas Limited
|
Director & Treasurer | |
Michael S. Harris President
|
Campbell & Company, LLC
|
President |
Campbell & Company, LLC | Director & President | |
EC LLC | Managing Member | |
The Campbell Multi-Strategy Trust
|
President | |
Campbell Financial Services, LLC
|
Director | |
Managed Futures Association |
Director & Vice-Chairman
|
|
Campbell & Company International Bahamas Limited | Director | |
Campbell Core Offshore Limited | Director | |
Campbell Core Carry Offshore Limited | Director | |
Dr. Kevin Cole Director of Research |
Campbell & Company, LP
|
Director of Research |
Heidi L. Kaiser Deputy General Counsel & Chief Compliance Officer, Anti-Money Laundering Officer
|
The Campbell Multi-Strategy Trust | Deputy General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer |
Campbell Financial Services, LLC
|
Deputy General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer | |
Campbell & Company, LP | Deputy General Counsel & Director of Compliance, Anti-Money Laundering Officer |
37
Thomas P. Lloyd
General Counsel, & Secretary
|
Campbell & Company, LP | General Counsel & Secretary |
Campbell & Company, LLC | Secretary | |
EC LLC | Managing Member | |
The Campbell Multi-Strategy Trust
|
General Counsel, Secretary & Assistant Treasurer | |
Campbell & Company International Bahamas Limited
|
Secretary | |
Campbell Core Offshore Limited | Director | |
Campbell Core Carry Offshore Limited | Director | |
Campbell Financial Services, LLC
|
General Counsel & Director; previously, Chief Compliance Officer & Secretary until September 2014 | |
Robert W. McBride Chief Technology Officer |
Campbell & Company, LLC | Chief Technology Officer |
John R. Radle Global Head of Trading |
Campbell & Company, LP | Global Head of Trading |
Richard Johnson
Managing Director
|
Campbell & Company, LP | Managing Director, Global Head of Client Solutions Group of Campbell & Company |
Darvin N. Sterner
Director of Private Wealth Distribution
|
Campbell & Company, LP | Director of Private Wealth Distribution |
Campbell Financial Services, LLC | Vice President |
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9.
|
Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC:
A description of any other business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature in which Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC and each director, officer, or partner of Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is or has been engaged within the last two fiscal years for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, employee, partner or trustee, is set forth in the Form ADV of Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC, as filed with the SEC on January 26, 2018, and is incorporated herein by this reference. |
10. |
Orinda
Asset Management, LLC:
A description of any other business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature in which Orinda Asset Management, LLC and each director, officer, or partner of Orinda Asset Management, LLC is or has been engaged within the last two fiscal years for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, employee, partner or trustee, is set forth in the Form ADV of Orinda Asset Management LLC, as filed with the SEC on March 27, 2017, and is incorporated herein by this reference. |
Item 32 . Principal Underwriter
(a) | Quasar Distributors, LLC, the Registrant’s principal underwriter, acts as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended: |
Advisors Series Trust | LKCM Funds |
Aegis Funds | LoCorr Investment Trust |
Allied Asset Advisors Funds | Lord Asset Management Trust |
39
Evermore Funds Trust | Provident Mutual Funds, Inc. |
First American Funds, Inc. | Rainier Investment Management Mutual Funds |
FundX Investment Trust | RBB Fund, Inc. |
Glenmede Fund, Inc. | RBC Funds Trust |
Glenmede Portfolios | Series Portfolio Trust |
GoodHaven Funds Trust | Sims Total Return Fund, Inc. |
Greenspring Fund, Inc. | Stone Ridge Trust |
Harding Loevner Funds, Inc. | Thompson IM Funds, Inc. |
Hennessy Funds Trust | TrimTabs ETF Trust |
Horizon Funds | Trust for Professional Managers |
Hotchkis & Wiley Funds | Trust for Advised Portfolios |
Intrepid Capital Management Funds Trust | USA Mutuals |
IronBridge Funds, Inc. | Wall Street EWM Funds Trust |
Jacob Funds, Inc. | Westchester Capital Funds |
Jensen Portfolio, Inc. | Wisconsin Capital Funds, Inc. |
Kirr Marbach Partners Funds, Inc. | YCG Funds |
(b) | To the best of Registrant’s knowledge, the directors and executive officers of Quasar Distributors, LLC are as follows: |
Name and Principal Business Address |
Position and Offices with Quasar Distributors, LLC | Positions and Offices with Registrant |
James R. Schoenike (1) | President, Board Member | None |
Andrew M. Strnad (2) | Vice President, Secretary | None |
Joe Neuberger (1) | Board Member | None |
Michael Peck (1) | Board Member | None |
Susan LaFond (1) | Vice President, Treasurer | None |
Peter A. Hovel (1) | Chief Financial Officer | None |
Teresa Cowan (1) | Senior Vice President, Assistant Secretary | None |
Brett Scribner (3) | Assistant Treasurer | None |
Thomas A. Wolden (3) | Assistant Treasurer | None |
(1) | This individual is located at 777 East Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202. |
(2) | This individual is located at 10 West Market Street, Suite 1150, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204. |
(3) | This individual is located at 800 Nicollet Mall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402. |
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(c) | Not Applicable |
Item 33. LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS
(1) | Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc., 909 Third Avenue, 32 nd floor, New York, New York 10022 (records relating to its function as investment adviser). |
(2) | Schneider Capital Management Co., 460 East Swedesford Road, Suite 1080, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087 (records relating to its function as investment adviser). |
(3) | Bogle Investment Management, L.P., 2310 Washington Street, Suite 310, Newton Lower Falls, Massachusetts 02462 (records relating to its function as investment adviser). |
(4) | Matson Money, Inc. (formerly Abundance Technologies, Inc.), 5955 Deerfield Blvd., Mason, OH 45040 (records relating to its function as investment adviser). |
(5) | Summit Global Investments, LLC, 620 South Main Street, Bountiful, Utah 84010 (records relating to its function as investment adviser). |
(6) | Abbey Capital Limited, 1-2 Cavendish Row, Dublin 1, Ireland (records relating to its function as investment adviser). |
(7) | Altair Advisers LLC, 303 West Madison, Suite 600, Chicago, Illinois 60606 (records relating to its function as investment adviser). |
(8) | Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC, 2850 Quarry Lake Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21209 (records relating to its function as investment adviser). |
(9) | Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC, 2000 Duke Street, Suite 275, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 (records relating to its function as investment adviser). |
(10) | Orinda Asset Management, LLC, 4 Orinda Way, Suite 150A, Orinda, California 94563 (records relating to its function as investment adviser). |
(11) | U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 (records relating to its function as administrator, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent). |
(12) | U.S. Bank, N.A., 1555 North RiverCenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53212 (records relating to its function as custodian). |
(13) | Quasar Distributors, LLC, 777 East Wisconsin Avenue, Floor, 6, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 (records relating to its function as underwriter). |
Item 34. MANAGEMENT SERVICES
None.
Item 35. UNDERTAKINGS
(a) | Registrant hereby undertakes to hold a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of considering the removal of directors in the event the requisite number of shareholders so request. |
(b) | Registrant hereby undertakes to furnish each person to whom a prospectus is delivered a copy of Registrant’s latest annual report to shareholders upon request and without charge. |
41
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Post-Effective Amendment to its Registration Statement under Rule 485(b) under the 1933 Act and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized, in the City of Chadds Ford, and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on March 19, 2018.
THE RBB FUND, INC. | |||
By: | /s/ Salvatore Faia | ||
Salvatore Faia | |||
President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the 1933 Act, this Amendment to Registrant’s Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
SIGNATURE | TITLE | DATE | ||
/s/ Salvatore Faia | President (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Compliance Officer | March 19, 2018 | ||
Salvatore Faia | ||||
/s/ James G. Shaw | Treasurer (Chief Financial Officer) and Secretary | March 19, 2018 | ||
James G. Shaw | ||||
*J. Richard Carnall | Director | March 19, 2018 | ||
J. Richard Carnall | ||||
*Julian A. Brodsky | Director | March 19, 2018 | ||
Julian A. Brodsky | ||||
*Arnold M. Reichman | Director | March 19, 2018 | ||
Arnold M. Reichman | ||||
*Robert Sablowsky | Director | March 19, 2018 | ||
Robert Sablowsky | ||||
*Robert Straniere | Director | March 19, 2018 | ||
Robert Straniere | ||||
*Nicholas A. Giordano | Director | March 19, 2018 | ||
Nicholas A. Giordano | ||||
*Gregory P. Chandler | Director | March 19, 2018 | ||
Gregory P. Chandler | ||||
*By: /s/ Salvatore Faia | March 19, 2018 | |||
Salvatore Faia | ||||
Attorney-in-Fact |
42
THE RBB FUND, INC.
(the “Company”)
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Know All Men by These Presents, that the undersigned, Julian A. Brodsky, hereby constitutes and appoints Salvatore Faia, Michael P. Malloy, James G. Shaw, Edward Paz, and Robert Amweg, his true and lawful attorneys, to execute in his name, place, and stead, in his capacity as Director or officer, or both, of the Company, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and said attorneys shall have full power and authority to do and perform in his name and on his behalf, in any and all capacities, every act whatsoever requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, said acts of said attorneys being hereby ratified and approved.
DATED: | February 16, 2017 | |
/s/ Julian A. Brodsky | ||
Julian A. Brodsky |
43
THE RBB FUND, INC.
(the “Company”)
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Know All Men by These Presents, that the undersigned, J. Richard Carnall, hereby constitutes and appoints Salvatore Faia, Michael P. Malloy, James G. Shaw, Edward Paz, and Robert Amweg, his true and lawful attorneys, to execute in his name, place, and stead, in his capacity as Director or officer, or both, of the Company, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and said attorneys shall have full power and authority to do and perform in his name and on his behalf, in any and all capacities, every act whatsoever requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, said acts of said attorneys being hereby ratified and approved.
DATED: | February 16, 2017 | |
/s/ J. Richard Carnall | ||
J. Richard Carnall |
44
THE RBB FUND, INC.
(the “Company”)
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Know All Men by These Presents, that the undersigned, Nicholas A. Giordano, hereby constitutes and appoints Salvatore Faia, Michael P. Malloy, James G. Shaw, Edward Paz, and Robert Amweg, his true and lawful attorneys, to execute in his name, place, and stead, in his capacity as Director or officer, or both, of the Company, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and said attorneys shall have full power and authority to do and perform in his name and on his behalf, in any and all capacities, every act whatsoever requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, said acts of said attorneys being hereby ratified and approved.
DATED: | February 16, 2017 | |
/s/ Nicholas A. Giordano | ||
Nicholas A. Giordano |
45
THE RBB FUND, INC.
(the “Company”)
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Know All Men by These Presents, that the undersigned, Arnold M. Reichman, hereby constitutes and appoints Salvatore Faia, Michael P. Malloy, James G. Shaw, Edward Paz, and Robert Amweg, his true and lawful attorneys, to execute in his name, place, and stead, in his capacity as Director or officer, or both, of the Company, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and said attorneys shall have full power and authority to do and perform in his name and on his behalf, in any and all capacities, every act whatsoever requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, said acts of said attorneys being hereby ratified and approved.
DATED: | February 16, 2017 | |
/s/ Arnold M. Reichman | ||
Arnold M. Reichman |
46
THE RBB FUND, INC.
(the “Company”)
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Know All Men by These Presents, that the undersigned, Robert Sablowsky, hereby constitutes and appoints Salvatore Faia, Michael P. Malloy, James G. Shaw, Edward Paz, and Robert Amweg, his true and lawful attorneys, to execute in his name, place, and stead, in his capacity as Director or officer, or both, of the Company, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and said attorneys shall have full power and authority to do and perform in his name and on his behalf, in any and all capacities, every act whatsoever requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, said acts of said attorneys being hereby ratified and approved.
DATED: | February 16, 2017 | |
/s/ Robert Sablowsky | ||
Robert Sablowsky |
47
THE RBB FUND, INC.
(the “Company”)
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Know All Men by These Presents, that the undersigned, Robert A. Straniere, hereby constitutes and appoints Salvatore Faia, Michael P. Malloy, James G. Shaw, Edward Paz, and Robert Amweg, his true and lawful attorneys, to execute in his name, place, and stead, in his capacity as Director or officer, or both, of the Company, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and said attorneys shall have full power and authority to do and perform in his name and on his behalf, in any and all capacities, every act whatsoever requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, said acts of said attorneys being hereby ratified and approved.
DATED: | February 16, 2017 | |
/s/ Robert Straniere | ||
Robert Straniere |
48
THE RBB FUND, INC.
(the “Company”)
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Know All Men by These Presents, that the undersigned, Gregory P. Chandler, hereby constitutes and appoints Salvatore Faia, Michael P. Malloy, James G. Shaw, Edward Paz, and Robert Amweg, his true and lawful attorneys, to execute in his name, place, and stead, in his capacity as Director or officer, or both, of the Company, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and said attorneys shall have full power and authority to do and perform in his name and on his behalf, in any and all capacities, every act whatsoever requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, said acts of said attorneys being hereby ratified and approved.
DATED: | February 17, 2017 | |
/s/ Gregory P. Chandler | ||
Gregory P. Chandler |
49
PEA 242
EXHIBIT | DESCRIPTION |
(a)(93) | Articles of Amendment of Registrant (Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund) |
(a)(94) | Articles of Amendment of Registrant ( Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund ) |
(a)(95) | Articles of Amendment of Registrant ( Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund) ) |
(a)(96) | Articles of Amendment of Registrant ( Motley Fool Global Opportunities Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Independence Fund), and Motley Fool Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Great America Fund) |
(d)(8) | Form of Contractual Fee Waiver Agreement ( Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund ) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC |
(d)(12) | Form of Contractual Fee Waiver Agreement ( Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund ) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC |
(d)(38) | Form of Contractual Fee Waiver ( Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund ) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC |
(i)(1) | Opinion of Counsel |
(i)(2) | Consent of Counsel |
(j)(1) | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP |
(j)(2) | Consent of BBD, LLP |
(p)(20) | Code of Ethics of Mawer Investment Management Ltd. |
51
THE RBB FUND, INC.
ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT
THE RBB FUND, INC., a Maryland corporation (hereinafter called the “Corporation”), hereby certifies to the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland that:
FIRST: The charter of the Corporation is hereby amended by changing the name of the Class PPPPP (Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund – Class II Shares) and Class QQQQQ (Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund – Institutional Class Shares) shares as follows:
Old Designation | New Designation |
Class PPPPP Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund – Class II Shares |
Class PPPPP Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund – Class A Shares
|
Class QQQQQ Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund – Institutional Class Shares | Class QQQQQ Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund – Class C Shares |
SECOND: The foregoing amendment to the charter of the Corporation was approved by the vote of a majority of the Board of Directors. The foregoing amendment is limited to a change expressly permitted by Section 2-605 of the Maryland General Corporation Law to be made without action by the stockholders of the Corporation.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these presents to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its duly authorized President who acknowledges that these Articles of Amendment are the act of the Corporation, that to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, all matters and facts set forth herein relating to the authorization and approval of these Articles are true in all material respects, and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.
THE RBB FUND, INC. | ||||
By: | /s/ Salvatore Faia | |||
Salvatore Faia | ||||
President | ||||
ATTEST: | ||||
/s/ James G. Shaw | ||||
James G. Shaw | ||||
Secretary |
THE RBB FUND, INC.
ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT
THE RBB FUND, INC., a Maryland corporation (hereinafter called the “Corporation”), hereby certifies to the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland that:
FIRST: The charter of the Corporation is hereby amended by changing the name of the Class AAAAAA (Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund – Retail Class Shares) shares as follows:
Old Designation | New Designation |
Class AAAAAA Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund – Retail Class Shares |
Class AAAAAA Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund – Class A Shares |
SECOND: The foregoing amendment to the charter of the Corporation was approved by the vote of a majority of the Board of Directors. The foregoing amendment is limited to a change expressly permitted by Section 2-605 of the Maryland General Corporation Law to be made without action by the stockholders of the Corporation.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these presents to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its duly authorized President who acknowledges that these Articles of Amendment are the act of the Corporation, that to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, all matters and facts set forth herein relating to the authorization and approval of these Articles are true in all material respects, and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.
THE RBB FUND, INC. | ||||
By: | /s/ Salvatore Faia | |||
Salvatore Faia | ||||
President | ||||
ATTEST: | ||||
/s/ James G. Shaw | ||||
James G. Shaw | ||||
Secretary |
THE RBB FUND, INC.
ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT
THE RBB FUND, INC., a Maryland corporation (hereinafter called the “Corporation”), hereby certifies to the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland that:
FIRST: The charter of the Corporation is hereby amended by changing the name of the Class UUUUU (Altair Smaller Companies Fund) shares as follows:
Old Designation | New Designation |
Class UUUUU Altair Smaller Companies Fund |
Class UUUUU Adara Smaller Companies Fund |
SECOND: The foregoing amendment to the charter of the Corporation was approved by the vote of a majority of the Board of Directors. The foregoing amendment is limited to a change expressly permitted by Section 2-605 of the Maryland General Corporation Law to be made without action by the stockholders of the Corporation.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these presents to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its duly authorized President who acknowledges that these Articles of Amendment are the act of the Corporation, that to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, all matters and facts set forth herein relating to the authorization and approval of these Articles are true in all material respects, and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.
THE RBB FUND, INC. | ||||
By: | /s/ Salvatore Faia | |||
Salvatore Faia | ||||
President | ||||
ATTEST: | ||||
/s/ James G. Shaw | ||||
James G. Shaw | ||||
Secretary |
THE RBB FUND, INC.
ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT
THE RBB FUND, INC., a Maryland corporation (hereinafter called the “Corporation”), hereby certifies to the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland that:
FIRST: The charter of the Corporation is hereby amended by changing the name of the Class EEEEEE (Motley Fool Independence Fund – Investor Shares), Class FFFFFF (Motley Fool Independence Fund – Institutional Shares), Class GGGGGG (Motley Fool Great America Fund – Investor Shares) and Class HHHHHH (Motley Fool Great America Fund – Institutional Shares) as follows:
Old Designation | New Designation |
Class EEEEEE Motley Fool Independence Fund – Investor Shares |
Class EEEEEE Motley Fool Global Opportunities Fund – Investor Shares
|
Class FFFFFF Motley Fool Independence Fund – Institutional Shares | Class FFFFFF Motley Food Global Opportunities Fund – Institutional Shares |
Class GGGGGG Motley Fool Great America Fund – Investor Shares |
Class GGGGGG Motley Fool Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund – Investor Shares |
Class HHHHHH Motley Fool Great America Fund – Institutional Shares |
Class HHHHHH Motley Fool Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund – Institutional Shares |
SECOND: The foregoing amendment to the charter of the Corporation was approved by the vote of a majority of the Board of Directors. The foregoing amendment is limited to a change expressly permitted by Section 2-605 of the Maryland General Corporation Law to be made without action by the stockholders of the Corporation.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these presents to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its duly authorized President who acknowledges that these Articles of Amendment are the act of the Corporation, that to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, all matters and facts set forth herein relating to the authorization and approval of these Articles are true in all material respects, and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.
THE RBB FUND, INC. | ||||
By: | /s/ Salvatore Faia | |||
Salvatore Faia | ||||
President | ||||
ATTEST: | ||||
/s/ James G. Shaw | ||||
James G. Shaw | ||||
Secretary |
[ ], 2018
Salvatore Faia
President
The RBB Fund, Inc.
615 E Michigan St
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Re: The RBB Fund, Inc. - Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund (the “Fund”)
Dear Mr. Faia:
By our execution of this letter agreement (the “Agreement”), intending to be legally bound hereby and effective as of the date noted above, Summit Global Investments, LLC (“Summit”) agrees that in order to maintain the established expense ratio of the Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund (the "Fund"), of The RBB Fund, Inc., Summit shall, until further notice, but in no event terminating before March 31, 2019, waive all or a portion of its investment advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses (other than acquired fund fees and expenses, short sale dividend expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest, taxes and any other items as agreed upon by both parties from time to time) in an aggregate amount equal to the amount by which the Fund’s total annual fund operating expenses for each of its Class A, Class I, Class C and Retail Class Shares (other than acquired fund fees and expenses, short sale dividend expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest, taxes and any other items as agreed upon by both parties from time to time) exceeds a total annual fund operating expense ratio (other than acquired fund fees and expenses, short sale dividend expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest, taxes and any other items as agreed upon by both parties from time to time) of:
● | 1.23% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class A Shares; |
● | 0.98% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class I Shares; |
● | 1.98% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class C Shares; and |
● | 1.23% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Retail Class Shares. |
Effective January 1, 2013, if at any time the total annual fund operating expenses of the Fund for a year are less than 1.23% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class A Shares, less than 0.98% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class I Shares, less than 1.98% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class C Shares or less than 1.23% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Retail Class Shares, Summit shall be entitled to reimbursement by the Fund, in whole or in part as provided below, of the investment advisory fees waived or reduced and other payments remitted by Summit to the Fund pursuant to this Agreement within three years from the date on which such waiver or reimbursement was made by Summit if such reimbursement by the Fund does not cause the Fund to exceed expense limitations that were in effect at the time of the waiver or reimbursement. The total amount of reimbursement to which Summit may be entitled (the “Reimbursement Amount”) shall equal, at any time, the sum of all investment advisory fees previously waived or reduced by Summit and all other payments remitted by Summit to the Fund, pursuant to this Agreement, less any reimbursement previously paid by the Fund to Summit, with respect to such waivers, reductions, and payments. The Reimbursement Amount shall not include any additional charges or fees whatsoever, including, e.g., interest accruable on the Reimbursement Amount.
SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC | |||||
By: | |||||
Name: | |||||
Title: | |||||
Your signature below acknowledges acceptance of this Agreement: | |||||
By: | |||||
Salvatore Faia | |||||
President | |||||
The RBB Fund, Inc. |
[ ], 2018
Salvatore Faia
President
The RBB Fund, Inc.
615 E Michigan St
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Re: The RBB Fund, Inc. - Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund (the “Fund”)
Dear Mr. Faia:
By our execution of this letter agreement (the “Agreement”), intending to be legally bound hereby and effective as of the date noted above, Summit Global Investments, LLC (“Summit”) agrees that in order to maintain the established expense ratio of the Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund (the "Fund") of The RBB Fund, Inc., Summit shall, until further notice, but in no event terminating before March 31, 2019, waive all or a portion of its investment advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses (other than acquired fund fees and expenses, short sale dividend expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest, taxes and any other items as agreed upon by both parties from time to time) in an aggregate amount equal to the amount by which the Fund’s total annual fund operating expenses for each of its Class I, Class A, and Class C Shares (other than acquired fund fees and expenses, short sale dividend expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest, taxes and any other items as agreed upon by both parties from time to time) exceeds a total annual fund operating expense ratio (other than acquired fund fees and expenses, short sale dividend expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest, taxes and any other items as agreed upon by both parties from time to time) of:
● | 0.84% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class I Shares; |
● | 1.09% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class A Shares; and |
● | 1.84% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class C Shares. |
If at any time the total annual fund operating expenses of the Fund for a year are less than 0.84% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class I Shares, less than 1.09% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class A Shares or less than 1.84% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class C Shares, Summit shall be entitled to reimbursement by the Fund, in whole or in part as provided below, of the investment advisory fees waived or reduced and other payments remitted by Summit to the Fund pursuant to this Agreement within three years from the date on which such waiver or reimbursement was made by Summit if such reimbursement by the Fund does not cause the Fund to exceed expense limitations that were in effect at the time of the waiver or reimbursement. The total amount of reimbursement to which Summit may be entitled (the “Reimbursement Amount”) shall equal, at any time, the sum of all investment advisory fees previously waived or reduced by Summit and all other payments remitted by Summit to the Fund, pursuant to this Agreement, less any reimbursement previously paid by the Fund to Summit, with respect to such waivers, reductions, and payments. The Reimbursement Amount shall not include any additional charges or fees whatsoever, including, e.g., interest accruable on the Reimbursement Amount.
SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC | |||||
By: | |||||
Name: | |||||
Title: | |||||
Your signature below acknowledges acceptance of this Agreement: | |||||
By: | |||||
Salvatore Faia | |||||
President | |||||
The RBB Fund, Inc. |
[ ], 2018
Salvatore Faia
President
The RBB Fund, Inc.
615 E Michigan St
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Re: | The RBB Fund, Inc. - Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund (the “Fund”) |
Dear Mr. Faia:
By our execution of this letter agreement (the “Agreement”), intending to be legally bound hereby and effective as of the date noted above, Summit Global Investments, LLC (“Summit”) agrees that in order to maintain the established expense ratio of the Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund (the "Fund"), of The RBB Fund, Inc., Summit shall, until further notice, but in no event terminating before March 31, 2019, waive all or a portion of its investment advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses (other than acquired fund fees and expenses, short sale dividend expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest, taxes and any other items as agreed upon by both parties from time to time) in an aggregate amount equal to the amount by which the Fund’s total annual fund operating expenses for each of its Class I, Class C and Class A Shares (other than acquired fund fees and expenses, short sale dividend expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest, taxes and any other items as agreed upon by both parties from time to time) exceeds a total annual fund operating expense ratio (other than acquired fund fees and expenses, short sale dividend expenses, brokerage commissions, extraordinary items, interest, taxes and any other items as agreed upon by both parties from time to time) of:
● | 1.23% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class I Shares; |
● | 2.23% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class C Shares; and |
● | 1.48% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class A Shares. |
Effective January 1, 2013, if at any time the total annual fund operating expenses of the Fund for a year are less than 1.23% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class I Shares, less than 2.23% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class C Shares or less than 1.48% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class A Shares, Summit shall be entitled to reimbursement by the Fund, in whole or in part as provided below, of the investment advisory fees waived or reduced and other payments remitted by Summit to the Fund pursuant to this Agreement within three years from the date on which such waiver or reimbursement was made by Summit if such reimbursement by the Fund does not cause the Fund to exceed expense limitations that were in effect at the time of the waiver or reimbursement. The total amount of reimbursement to which Summit may be entitled (the “Reimbursement Amount”) shall equal, at any time, the sum of all investment advisory fees previously waived or reduced by Summit and all other payments remitted by Summit to the Fund, pursuant to this Agreement, less any reimbursement previously paid by the Fund to Summit, with respect to such waivers, reductions, and payments. The Reimbursement Amount shall not include any additional charges or fees whatsoever, including, e.g., interest accruable on the Reimbursement Amount.
SUMMIT GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC | |||||
By: | |||||
Name: | |||||
Title: | |||||
Your signature below acknowledges acceptance of this Agreement: | |||||
By: | |||||
Salvatore Faia | |||||
President | |||||
The RBB Fund, Inc. |
Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP
One Logan Square
Suite 2000
Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996
(215) 988-2700 (Phone)
(215) 988-2757 (Facsimile)
www.drinkerbiddle.com
March 19, 2018
The RBB Fund, Inc.
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Re: | Shares Registered by Post-Effective Amendment No. 242 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 33-20827) |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to The RBB Fund, Inc. (the “Company”) in connection with the preparation and filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission of Post-Effective Amendment No. 242 (the “Amendment”) to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Board of Directors of the Company has authorized the issuance and sale by the Company of the following classes and numbers of shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share (collectively, the “Shares”), with respect to the Company’s Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund, Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund and Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund:
PORTFOLIO |
CLASS |
AUTHORIZED
|
Summit Global Investments Low Volatility Equity Fund |
GGGGG HHHHH IIIII |
100 million 100 million 100 million |
Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund |
AAAAAA BBBBBB CCCCCC |
100 million 100 million 100 million |
Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund |
OOOOO PPPPP QQQQQ |
100 million 100 million 100 million |
March 19, 2018
Page 2
The Amendment seeks to register an indefinite number of the Shares.
We have reviewed the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, ByLaws, resolutions of its Board of Directors, and such other legal and factual matters as we have deemed appropriate. This opinion is based exclusively on the Maryland General Corporation Law and the federal law of the United States of America.
Based upon and subject to the foregoing, it is our opinion that the Shares, when issued for payment as described in the Company’s Prospectus offering the Shares and in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Incorporation for not less than $0.001 per share, will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable by the Company.
We consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Amendment to the Company’s Registration Statement.
Very truly yours, | ||
/s/ Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP | ||
Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP |
Exhibit (i)(2)
CONSENT OF COUNSEL
We hereby consent to the use of our name and to the reference to our Firm under the caption "Legal Counsel" in the Statement of Additional Information that is included in Post-Effective Amendment No. 242 to the Registration Statement (No. 33-20827; 811-5518) on Form N-1A of The RBB Fund, Inc., under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, respectively. This consent does not constitute a consent under section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, and in consenting to the use of our name and the references to our Firm under such caption we have not certified any part of the Registration Statement and do not otherwise come within the categories of persons whose consent is required under said section 7 or the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder.
/s/ Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP | ||
DRINKER BIDDLE & REATH LLP | ||
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | ||
March 19, 2018 |
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the references to our firm under the captions “Financial Highlights” in the Prospectus and “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and “Financial Statements” in the Statement of Additional Information of Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund and Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund, dated March 19, 2018, and to the incorporation by reference of our report dated October 30, 2017 in the Registration Statement of The RBB Fund, Inc. (Form N-1A) (Post-Effective Amendment No. 242 to File No. 033-20827) with respect to the financial statements and financial highlights of Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund and Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund (two of the portfolios constituting The RBB Fund, Inc.) (the “Funds”), included in the Funds’ Annual Report to shareholders for the year ended August 31, 2017.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP |
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
March 16, 2018
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the references to our firm in the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of the The RBB Fund, Inc. and to the use of our report dated October 27, 2017 on the financial statements and financial highlights of Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund, a series of shares of beneficial interest in The RBB Fund, Inc. Such financial statements and financial highlights appear in the August 31, 2017 Annual Report to Shareholders which is incorporated by reference into the Statement of Additional Information.
BBD, LLP |
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
March 16, 2018
Business Conduct | Business Owner: | Chief Compliance Officer |
Date Approved by M.C.: | August 4, 2016 | |
Effective Date: | January 1, 2017 |
As a discretionary portfolio manager and investment fund manager in Canada and an investment adviser in the U.S., Mawer and its Registrants are bound by a fiduciary duty to its clients and investment fund unitholders which is one of its most important professional obligations. This duty is shared by all Mawer directors, officers, employees and contractors ("employees/contractors").
Mawer will put its clients' interests first by dealing fairly, honestly, and in good faith with clients and ensure that decisions and business activity are conducted in the best interests of each client and the investment funds we manage. This policy sets forth the framework by which our employees/contractors will support Mawer in upholding its fiduciary duty.
Mawer and its employees/contractors will adhere to the law and all applicable regulations in conducting our business, and in managing the reputation of Mawer in our community and industry. All employees/contractors and the firm must adhere to the CFA Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct. Mawer adheres to the CFA Institute Asset Manager Code of Professional Conduct.
Conflicts of Interest
All employees/contractors are required to avoid activities, interests, or associations which might interfere or appear to interfere with their independent exercise of judgment in the best interest of clients, Mawer, and the public, or that may harm the reputation of Mawer.
A conflict of interest can be described as any situation where an employee/contractor:
● | Is given special consideration by a company, mutual fund company, money manager, other issuer or market participant, whether monetary or otherwise, in consideration for a decision or action by the employee/contractor or by Mawer |
● | Refers a client to a company for services in which the employee/contractor has an ownership, revenue or commission interest - and the employee/contractor may receive benefits, monetary or otherwise, for the referral |
Should a conflict of interest or a potential conflict arise, employees/contractors are required to disclose such conflict or potential conflict to their Manager/People Leader and to Compliance within 24 hours. The People Leader must then address the conflict or potential conflict in a manner that:
● | Is influenced only by the best interests of the client |
● | Demonstrates responsible business judgment |
● | If any client is impacted, immediately discloses the conflict in writing to the client prior to any relevant action/transaction taking place |
Policies for managing conflicts of interest relating to the Mawer Mutual Funds as required under NI 81-107 are contained in a separate manual (IRC Conflict of Interest Manual).
Personal Financial Dealings with Clients
Employees/Contractors are prohibited from:
● | Borrowing from any client for any reason |
● | Lending or extending credit to any client for any reason |
● | Engaging in any private investment schemes including: |
○ | Investment clubs where employees/contractors and clients invest together |
○ | Arrangements where clients invest into investments that are directly or indirectly managed or controlled by the employees/contractors |
○ | Co-investment by clients and employees/contractors in pyramid-like schemes |
● | Providing or accepting substantial monetary or non-monetary benefits such as gifts or charitable donations |
● | Resolving any client compliant by entering into any settlement agreement with a client without prior disclosure to Compliance and prior written consent of Management Committee |
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Business Conduct
Gifts and Entertainment
It is generally acceptable to offer or accept reasonable invitations to meals, social or entertainment events, as long as they are a normal part of client or vendor relations and do not affect the employee/contractors' independence or objectivity in the performance of their professional duties. Employees/Contractors, and members of their immediate families, are not permitted to directly or indirectly accept or receive bonuses, fees, commissions, gifts, excessive entertainment, or any other similar form of consideration, from any person, business, or association which Mawer does, or seeks to do, business with, other than within the guidelines set out below:
● | Not permitted to give gifts, gratuities or provide entertainment other than those of nominal value of less than $250.00, without the written approval of the employee/contractor's People Leader and disclosure to Compliance |
● | Not permitted to receive gifts, gratuities or entertainment other than those of nominal value of less than $250.00, without the written approval from the employee/contractors' People Leader and disclosure to Compliance |
● | Giving or receiving cash is never an acceptable as a gift or gratuity |
Employees/contractors will make reasonable effort to obtain prior written approval. In circumstances when prior approval is not possible, disclosure will be made to their People Leader and Compliance on a timely basis after the event.
Powers of Attorney
Mawer and its employees/contractors are prohibited from accepting or acting upon a Power of Attorney (POA), executor or similar authorization (the authorization) providing Mawer or the employee/contractor any authority on behalf of a client of Mawer. A limited exception from this general prohibition permits employee/contractors to accept or act upon a POA or executorship from immediate family members (spouse, sibling, parent or child) subject to the following conditions:
● | If the employee/contractor is a registrant, the client account must be assigned to and serviced by a registrant other than the employee/contractor named in the authorization. |
○ | Accounts under POA must be flagged and all trades executed pursuant the authorization must be reviewed by Compliance. |
○ | The Registrant responsible for the account must retain a copy of the POA and review all its terms and limitations to ensure that they are adhered to with respect to any activity undertaken pursuant to the authorization. |
Outside Business Activity
Employees/contractors are required to disclose their outside business activities to their People Leader. Registrants must not conduct any outside business activity without the pre-approval of their people leader and prior disclosure to Compliance. An "outside business activity" is a very broad scope of activities which may include anything from activities such as volunteering, other employment, real estate rentals, holding companies, directorships, personal business interests, operating companies, or a position (paid or unpaid) that places an employee/contractor in a leadership or influential role such as coaching a sports team or leadership involvement in a religious organization. All such activity, whether paid or not, must be disclosed to the Registrant's People Leader and Compliance. A determination will be made whether the activity raises any potential conflicts of interests and whether it may be continued, what measures if any should be taken to manage any conflicts of interest arising from it, and whether the activity must be reported and disclosed to securities regulatory authorities through the National Registration Database.
U.S. Pay to Play Rule
"Pay-to-play" refers to situations in which money or any other item of value is exchanged for the privilege of doing business or of being considered for business. The U.S. Investment Advisers Act generally prohibits:
● | Providing advisory services for compensation to a U.S. government entity for a two-year period after Mawer makes a political contribution to certain U.S. elected officials or candidates |
● | Providing or agreeing to provide, directly or indirectly, payment to any person for the solicitation of U.S. government advisory business, with certain exceptions |
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Business Conduct
● | Soliciting from others, or coordinating contributions to certain U.S. elected officials or candidates or payments to certain U.S. political parties, where Mawer is providing, or seeking to provide, advisory services to a U.S. government entity |
Legal Actions
If any employee/contractor becomes aware of a client or vendor/service provider threatening legal action against Mawer or the employee/contractor they must immediately notify General Counsel. The employee/contractor will not communicate with/respond to any external parties or legal counsel regarding a lawsuit or potential lawsuit against Mawer.
Registrants are required to disclose any personal legal actions against them to their People Leader and Chief Compliance Officer which may trigger further regulatory disclosure in accordance with applicable securities regulations. All employees/contractors are required to report to their People Leader and the Chief Compliance Officer any personal criminal or civil legal matters that may impact Mawer or Mawer clients.
Annual Acknowledgment
Every employee/contractor is required to provide a signed annual acknowledgment to Compliance. This acknowledgment includes certification of their compliance with, or disclosure of any non-compliance with the Personal Trading Policy, the Business Conduct Policy, and any other policies in the Mawer Policy Manual.
Relevant Laws, Regulations or Rules:
● | CFA Asset Manager Code of Professional Conduct, 2010, http://www.cfapubs.org/doi/pdf/10.2469/ccb.v2009.n8.1 |
● | CFA Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct (2014) |
● | http://www.cfapubs.org/toc/ccb/2014/2014/6 |
● | NI 31-103, Part 13, Division 2. |
● | NI 31-103CP, Part 13, Division 2. |
● | Rule 206(4)-5 under the Investment Advisers Act |
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Personal Trading Policy | Business Owner: | Chief Compliance Officer |
Date Approved by M.C.: | July 28, 2016 | |
Effective Date: | January 1, 2017 |
Securities laws and fiduciary duties impose restrictions on personal trading when individuals obtain material information regarding a public company that has not been disclosed publicly (Inside Information).
This policy is designed to prevent and detect violations of legal requirements relating to personal trading by Employees/Contractors, including Officers and Directors of Mawer. Its purpose is to ensure client interests are placed ahead of personal interests by managing the inherent conflict of interest of trading in one's personal account when in the role of a fiduciary.
Non-compliance with this policy is a serious matter and will be disclosed to your People Leader, the Management Committee, and/or the Independent Review Committee (IRC). If the actions have caused harm to clients, the markets or the public, it may be necessary to alert regulators as required under Securities Law.
Key Policy Highlights
All trades, other than trades in exempt securities, must be pre-cleared prior to the Employee executing in the market. The process for pre-clearance is outlined in the Pre-Clearance of Trades section of this policy.
All Employees/Contractors must disclose their brokerage accounts to Compliance within 10 days of becoming an Employee or opening a new brokerage account.
Employees/Contractors must provide duplicate account statements for all brokerage accounts covering each month of the year.
Brokerage account statements are reviewed by Compliance and an independent reviewer (IRP). Findings of this review are reported to the IRC and the Board.
There are two categories of Employees at Mawer under this Personal Trading Policy, Restricted Person, and Access Person. Categorization of Employees/Contractors depends on their involvement in trading and investment process.
Who is bound by this policy
● | Employees, Contractors, including Officers and Directors of Mawer |
● | A spouse or any other persons, of majority age, living with an Employees/Contractors of Mawer |
● | Any corporations owned or controlled (directly or indirectly) by an Employee/Contractor |
● | Any trust over which an Employee/Contractor is a beneficiary or trustee |
Definitions
The following terms have the following meanings within this policy:
Restricted Persons – (RP) is any Employee/Contractor who has control or influence over Mawer's trading activities or the ongoing investment process of the funds or clients. This includes all members of Research, Asset Class Managers, and Traders. It also includes members of the Portfolio Management, Private Client Group, and Institutional team who manage client investment portfolios, including Portfolio Managers and Portfolio Manager Associates.
● | RPs may only conduct personal trades in exempt securities and are prohibited from trading in non-exempt securities.* |
● | RPs may trade in private companies only after obtaining prior written approval from Compliance. |
● | Short term trading or frequent trading is discouraged as it may create a perception that Employees/Contractors are using their access to information to profit personally. |
* | Note: RPs are able to maintain existing portfolios acquired prior to joining Mawer. RPs are not able to add to existing positions. They are only able to sell positions in these accounts subject to the restrictions of this policy and pre-clearance of the trade. |
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Personal Trading Policy
Access Persons – (AP) is any Employee/Contractor or Board Member not considered a RP. An AP is an individual with access to information on proposed client trades or strategies. This is not limited to those with direct involvement in investment decision-making or access to computer systems but also includes Employees/Contractors working with or in proximity to persons involved in decision-making who might have the opportunity to see written information or hear discussions relating to client trading or strategy.
● | APs are allowed to trade in securities provided they obtain prior approval to trade in accordance with this Policy; |
● | APs may conduct personal trades in exempt securities without prior approval; |
● | APs may trade in private companies with prior written approval from Compliance; |
● | Short term trading or frequent trading is discouraged as it may create a perception that Employees/Contractors are using their access to information to profit personally. |
Brokerage Accounts – All personal brokerage accounts (which may include RRSP, RESP and TFSA accounts) where an Employee/Contractor does direct trading, has trading authority, or gives investment advice about specific securities.
It would not include brokerage accounts:
● | Managed by a portfolio manager on a discretionary basis, or held in a blind trust |
● | Held in the Employee/Contractors' name, alone or jointly with another, if theydo not have Trading authority or influence trades made for the account |
● | In which only exempt securities are permitted |
Employee – an Employee, Officer, or Director of Mawer. It also includes any spouse or adult living with an Employee, Officer or Director of Mawer.
Contractor – an individual who is contracted to perform a service(s) for Mawer.
Exempt Securities – securities which do not present a conflict of interest with client trading including:
● | Securities of open-end mutual funds including Mawer funds, segregated funds and pooled trust funds |
● | Securities issued or guaranteed by any Government including but not limited to the Government of Canada, the government of any province in Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, France, Italy, etc. |
● | Securities issued or guaranteed by a world or regional development bank or monetary fund |
● | GICs, Certificates of Deposit and other deposits with financial institutions |
● | Short-term debt securities maturing in less than 91 days from their date of issue |
● | All listed Exchange Traded Funds ("ETF"), with the exception of ETFs that contain Holding Company Depository Receipts ("HOLDRs"), which are subject to prior approval |
● | Investments with external, discretionary portfolio managers |
● | Investments held in Mawer's discretionary accounts managed by the Private Client Group* note these accounts will be monitored by Compliance as PRO accounts |
● | Physical commodities or derivatives on commodities |
● | Options, futures or other derivatives based on any broadly based market indices |
● | Foreign currency transactions |
● | Purchases made as part of an automatic dividend reinvestment plan, stock purchase plan, acquisitions and transactions resulting from a corporate action applicable to all similar security holders |
● | Purchases made under an automatic dividend reinvestment (DRIP) or share purchase plan. (This does not include sales made from these plans at the direction of the Access Person) |
Non-exempt Securities – all require prior approval. They are securities other than exempt securities. Non-exempt securities include publicly listed and private placement securities.
Independent Review Person (IRP) – the IRP will be engaged to review all Brokerage Accounts on a semi-annual basis. The individual designated as the IRP must be independent of Mawer.
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Personal Trading Policy
Trades in Thinly Traded Securities
The market impact of Segregated Account or Fund Trading can be particularly significant in securities of public companies with small market capitalization or whose shares are thinly traded. These would include OTC traded companies and those listed similar exchanges or marketplaces.
Where a Mawer analyst or PM recommends a trade in a Fund or Segregated Account in thinly traded securities that s/he also holds in a personal account, there may be a perceived conflict of interest if the Trading is likely to increase the value of the personal holdings. In these situation's the conflicted analyst or PM must disclose details of his/her holdings to Mawer Compliance at the time they make the recommendation for the trade in the Mawer Fund or Segregated Account.
Annual Acknowledgement
All Employees/Contractors are required to sign an acknowledgement, at the time of commencement of their service with Mawer, stating that they understand and will adhere to the personal trading restrictions set out in this policy.
Annually, all Employees/Contractors are required to complete the Annual Acknowledgement which provides a certification of compliance with this policy and confirmation of outside brokerage accounts.
Pre-clearance of Trades
i) How to request pre-clearance
To request pre-clearance, send Compliance the following information: Security name:
● | # of shares |
● | Brokerage account number |
● | Certification that you are not aware of any pending client trades in the securities |
● | Certification you have no material non-public material information |
Prior approval to trade will only be granted if at the time of the request:
● | No clients will be transacting in that security |
● | The issuer of the security is not listed on the Insider List for reasons of insider information |
Note: If pre-clearance is declined because the company is on the Insider List, Compliance will not disclose the reason to the Employee/Contractor. If the Employee/Contractor knows the security is on the Insider list, they must not disclose this information to their broker.
In addition:
● | Limit or stop-loss orders may not be used to extend prior approval beyond the time limit |
● | For single stock options, pre-clearance of the underlying security is required |
ii) Execution of pre-cleared trades
Once prior approval is obtained, the Employee/Contractor has permission to trade for 48 hours. This includes securities listed in any country, including Canada, US and other international securities.
iii) Revocation of pre-clearance
Where pre-clearance is granted and the issuer is subsequently put on the Insider List for reasons other than corporate action activity, the pre-clearance will be revoked by Compliance. The Employee/Contractor will be notified of the revocation and must immediately make best efforts to instruct his or her broker not to execute further trades. If trades are made prior to being notified of the revocation in reliance on the initial pre-clearance the trades will not be in violation of this policy.
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Personal Trading Policy
Confidentiality
All information received by Compliance in connection with personal trading will be kept confidential and only be disclosed as necessary for the administration of this policy or as required by law.
Compliance Monitoring & Recordkeeping
Compliance maintains the following documents in employee trading files:
● | Statements of each brokerage account |
● | An annual employee acknowledgement, including a list of accounts & holdings |
● | All pre-clearances given to the employee |
● | A record of the review and resolution of any non-complying trades |
● | Personal Trading Policy acknowledgment by each Employee/Contractor obtained as part of the orientation training with Compliance |
All duplicate employee account statements and trade confirmations are reviewed by Compliance for evidence of prior approval for each transaction. This post-trade review is done to look for signs of unapproved trades or disparities in performance between the employee's personal account and client accounts.
Compliance will engage an IRP to perform an independent review of all personal trading in brokerage accounts. This review is conducted semi-annually. All violations or errors identified by the IRP may require reporting as outlined in the Non-Compliance section of this policy.
Non-Compliance
If an Employee discovers they are not in compliance with this policy, they should report it immediately to Compliance who will review the matter and determine the necessary actions to be taken. Generally, a case-by-case determination will be made as to the seriousness of the situation and the appropriate action.
For failure to obtain pre-clearance, Compliance will consider:
● | Whether the trade would have been approved if pre-clearance had been requested |
● | Whether the trade was in actual conflict with any client trades |
● | Whether there is a history of non-compliance by the employee |
Other non-compliance may include making prohibited investments, maintaining undisclosed accounts, front-running of client orders, and market timing or late trading in mutual fund securities.
Sanctions for non-compliance are at the discretion of the Management Committee and may include but are not limited to:
● | A reprimand |
● | A monetary penalty |
● | Requiring the employee to reverse the trade |
● | Requiring the disgorgement of any profit earned (the difference between the trade price obtained by the employee and any proximate client trade) and paying this amount to the client account if appropriate or making a donation of the amount to charity (with no tax deduction to the employee) |
● | A requirement for further education |
● | A suspension of trading privileges |
● | Suspension of employment without pay |
● | Termination of employment |
Relevant Laws, Regulations or Rules:
● | Alberta Securities Act, RSA 2000, s.147 |
● | British Columbia Securities Act, [RSBC 1996] CHAPTER 418, s. 57.2 |
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Personal Trading Policy
● | Ontario Securities Act, RSO 2000. ss. 76 (1). |
● | PMAC Employee Personal Trading Guidelines http://www.portfoliomanagement.org/wp- content/uploads/2011/05/2012-Personal-Trading-Best-Practice-Guidelines-Final-revised-June-12-2012.pdf |
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